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âqrâqrâqrâqr @c{ëd@c{ëd@c{ëd@c{ëd qR=‰o qhmY @ ³ roftc bg^, @oY„u$qR=‰o qhmY @ ³ roftc bg^, @oY„u$qR=‰o qhmY @ ³ roftc bg^, @oY„u$qR=‰o qhmY @ ³ roftc bg^, @oY„u$ `o³ ^„.`o³ ^„.`o³ ^„.`o³ ^„.---- 02692026920269202692----651650651650651650651650 co³: „.co³: „.co³: „.co³: „.7567865475678654756786547567865444444444 Email: diet_anand23@yahoo.co.in ahiteshndave1972@gmail.com www.dietanand.org

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joeõgr qcÓo³...... Æg^co„ Ýd³d qjpÙ coU³$ @ogo³ _o„P K$u$c bet@³. j„K$ë_

fA@³...

1. fo„ao Molo k³rx@o³^³ _oe _oW$go ^o^o-^o^o fÿdo³ ^½$t

K$ego. NYo u{$e^t bqgód^t do³R=^o a^oggo K$ero„ u$e

cqk^o K³$ Q= cqk^o^o @[go @³K$ gi® coU³$ x„ @odo³R=^ K$eo³.

Po³½$j jcd cdo®u$o @³ C_do³Mt co__Ë$t Q=³.

2. @³go Ýd³do³ ^K$K$t K$eo³. R=³ c³lggo cxíK³$f ko³d, _e„rx R=³ @h¼d

^ ko³d @³ @qr @ogídK$ Q=³ K³$ j`lro re` @³K$-@³K$ W$Mfx„

@oMl cxK$ro g]gx„ ųA@³. ^tPfo õre³ fÿdo„K$o³ _{Y® K$ego

jk³fo ko³d Q=³.

3. @³gt ìdZ¼r@o³ gÃP³ k„c³ho eko³ K³$ rcoet R=³c K$o³A j`lro

c³lggo AÃQ=rt ko³d r³ C_eo„r, @ xbgt, q^óYo„r

ìdZ¼r@o³ t jfok fo³, coM®u$h® c³lgo³.

4. _k³f³[t K$o³A _Y âK$oe x„ A^oc /au$fo³ (pego³W®$) ^½$t K$eo³ K³$

R=³[t rcoeo ^½$t K$eod³f Ýd³dco„ j`lro âoá K$egoco„ @o^„u$

ek³, CÐjok cl³.

5. ^K$oeoÐcK$ gfY ]eogro, C_koj K$e^oeo fo³K$o³ jo[³ rcoeo

Ýd³d^t PPo® K$egt ^k\. R=³ rcoeo qkr³ÃQx= ko³d r³ t jo[³ R=

PPo®-qgch® K$ego³.

pu$_ogft^o hxb @gje âj„M³ jo¥ qhmY â³ct@o³ ³ CÃP

Ýd³d re` @oMl g]go coU³$ hxb³ÃQ=o@o³....

W$oµ.qkr³h @³^. u$g³W$oµ.qkr³h @³^. u$g³W$oµ.qkr³h @³^. u$g³W$oµ.qkr³h @³^. u$g³ âoPod®,

(^oda q^docK$) qR=‰o qhmY @ ³ roftc bg^

@oY„u$ (gfojY)

ÔÞÂõíkLke Äehs s íkuLku {w~fu÷e{ktÚke Wøkkhu Au.

2 �� ���

ckoeoYo âro_ckoeoYo âro_ckoeoYo âro_ckoeoYo âro_

""S>ep„ ky^u rQÑp¡X$ _ d¡mhy„ Ðep„ ky^u `p„v$X$p_u `sfpmudp„ S>

cp¡S>_ L$fui A_¡ `g„N_¡ bv$g¡ Opk_u `\pfudp„ ie_ L$fui.''-Ap L$qW$_ A_¡

hufsp |h®L$ ârsop g¡_pf buSy>„ L$p¡B _rl `Z fpóV²$huf dlpfpZp âsp` R>¡.

dlpfpZp âsp`_p¡ S>Þd 10-05-1`40 dp„ Ly„$cgd¡fdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡.

Ly„$cgd¡f_¡ Ly„$cgNY$ sfuL¡$ `Z Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡d_p dpsp_y„ _pd fpZu

S>ehÞsu A_¡ r`sp_y„ _pd dlpfpZp Dv$etkl lsy„. dlpfpZp âsp`_y„ bpm`Z

Ly„$cgd¡fdp„ S> huÐey„ lsy„. s¡dZ¡ eyÙrhÛp, dëëprhÛp, Aïh`fuÿpp, NS>`fuÿpp

A_¡ iõÓ`fuÿpp_y„ op_ d¡mhu gu y„ lsy„. qL$ip¡fphõ\pdp„ S> s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u Op¡X¡$khpfu\u kpd„sp¡ A_¡ k¡_p_peL$p¡_p qv$g

Æsu gu^p„ lsp„. ep¥h_L$pmdp„ âh¡isp„ S> s¡ eyÙp¡_u ìe|lfQ_pdp„ `pf„Ns b_u Nep lsp.

hpNX$_p Qp¥lpZp¡_¡ hi L$fhp dlpfpZp Dv$etkl¡ eyhfpS> âsp`_¡ dp¡L$ëep. Ap eyÙdp„ eyhfpS> âsp`_p¡ S>e

S>eL$pf \ep¡. Ap eyÙ_p `qfZpd¡ d¡pV$p cpN_p¡ hpNX$ âv¡$i d¡hpX$_¡ dþep¡ lsp¡. âsp`_p ip¥e®, Dv$pfsp A_¡ hQ_u`Zp_¡

gu ¡ d¡hpX$_u âÅ_p A¡ gpX$gp b_u Nep lsp.

B.k.1`7f, f8du a¡b°yApfu_p fp¡S> âsp`_p¡ rhq^kf fpS>eprcóp¡L$ Np¡NyÞv$pdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. Ðepf`R>u `f„`fpNs

fpS>eprcópL$ Ly„$cgd¡fdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. dlpfpZp âsp`¡ S>epf¡ d¡hpX$_u |fp k„cpmu Ðepf¡ `qf[õ\rs rhL$V$ lsu. B.k.1`68_p

d¡hpX$_p `fpS>e `R>u S>_Æh_ r_fpi A_¡ lsp¡Ðkpl \B Ney„ lsy„. s¡d_pdp„ Q¡s_p cfhp_y„ rhL$V$ L$pe® âsp`¡ dp\¡ gu y.

`ròd rhcpN_¡ R>p¡X$sp„ d¡hpX$ gNcN dp¡Ng kpd°pS>e\u O¡phpB Ney„ lsy„. `qfZpd¡, âsp ¡ Ly„$cgd¡f A_¡ Np¡NyÞv$p_¡ d¡hpX$_y„

L¡$ÞÖ b_pìey„. Ap b„_¡ vy$Np£ d¡hpX$_p `ròd rhõspfdp„ lsp. fpZp âsp` ÅZsp„ lsp L¡$ dp¡Ngp¡ kp\¡ eyÙ sp¡ \hp_y„ S> lsy„.

âsp` `pk¡ b¡ S> dpN® lsp. AL$bf_u kÑp õhuL$pfu qv$ëlu v$fbpfdp„ S>B AL$bf_¡ ifZ¡ \hy„ A\hp sp¡ A¡L$ M|„Mpf,

dlpcep_L$ eyÙ dpV¡$ s¥epf fl¡hy„.

s¡_p am õhê ¡ AY$pf S|>_, 1`76_p fp¡S> cpfs_p Brslpkdp„ kyhZp®ÿpf¡ gMpe¡g lëv$uOpVu$_y„ eyÙ iê \ey„. âsp`

`pk¡ bphuk lÅf fpS> ysp¡ lsp S>epf¡ dp¡Ng k¡_p gNcN A¡L$ gpM_u lsu. R>sp„ `Z Ap eyÙdp„ d¡hpX$_p hufp¡A¡ cpf¡

hufsp v¡$MpX$u lsu. dpÓ hufp¡A¡ S> _rl `Z "gyZp _pd_p lp\u' A_¡ "Q¡sL$' _pd_p Op¡X$p `Z `p¡sp_u hapv$pfu A_¡

ÞwðkLke MktMfkhÚke, ©e{tíkkE rððufÚke yLku Mk¥kk MkËTøkwýkuÚke þku¼u Au.

3 �� ���

hufsp_y„ âdpZ Apàey„ lsy„. "Q¡sL$' fpZp âsp`_u iqL$s lsu. S>epf¡ s¡ hufNrsA¡ `pçep¡ Ðepf¡ dlpfpZp Qp¡^pf Ap„kyA¡ fX$u

`X$ep lsp. Ohpe¡gp hpO_u dpaL$ fpZpÆ dp¡Ng k¡_p `f s|V$u `X$ep lsp.

eyÙ v$fçep_ Tpgp fpZp dp_tkl¡ Å¡B gu y„ L¡$ lpf r_ròs R>¡ `Z d¡hpX$_p Np¥fh_¡ sp¡ bQphu iL$pe A¡d R>¡. s¡\u

s¡dZ¡ dlpfpZp_¡ eyÙdp„\u Qpgu S>hp L$üy„. dlpfpZp âsp` TpgpfpZp_p lW$pN°l_¡ hi \B eyÙ R>p¡X$u Ly$„cgd¡fdp„ hõep.

lgv$uOpV$u_y„ dlpce_pL$ eyÙ `|fy„ \ey„. âsp`_y„ ip¥e® `|Z® fus¡ âL$píey„. lgv$uOpV$udp„ dp¡Ng rhS>e_p„ _Npfp„ hpNu

füp„, `Z A¡L$ `Z dp¡Ng k¥r_L$_p Ql¡fp D`f _|f _ lsy„. A¡d_p d_dp„\u fpS>`|sp¡_p¡ ce lSy> `Z Nep¡ _ lsp¡. S>ep„

ky^u Np¡NyÞv$p_u v$uhpg _ b_u NB Ðep„ ky^u dp¡Ng k¥Þe r_fp„s¡ KOu _ iL$ep lsp. s¡d_¡ d¡hpX$_p fpZp_¡ lSy> `Z ce

ksphsp¡ lsp¡.

B.k.1`97dp„ âsp` riL$pf L$fhp dpV¡$ Nep lsp„ Ðep„ A¡L$ hpO_p¡ riL$pf L$fhp S>sp s¡d_¡ Ap„sfX$pdp„ cpf¡ BÅ

\B. A_¡ \p¡X$p qv$hk `R>u Akle `uX$p cp¡Nhu B.k.1`97_p ÅÞeyApfu dpk_u 19$du spfuM¡ s¡Ap¡ õhN£ rk^pìep.

dlpfpZp âsp`¡ `p¡sp_p A„rsd ïhpk ky^u õhs„Ó S> füp. `p¡sp_u dps©c|rd dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_y„ ApMy„ Æh_

kd®r`s L$fu v$u y„.

k„v$c®: k„v$c®: k„v$c®: k„v$c®:

1. dlpfpZp âsp`, g¡ML$-ip„rsgpg Å_u, âhuZ yõsL$ c„X$pf, fpS>L$p¡V$, â\d Aph©[Ðp-1-1-86

îu ^d®¡icpB `V¡$g, îu ^d®¡icpB `V¡$g, îu ^d®¡icpB `V¡$g, îu ^d®¡icpB `V¡$g, g¡L$Qff X$peV$, ApZ„v$g¡L$Qff X$peV$, ApZ„v$g¡L$Qff X$peV$, ApZ„v$g¡L$Qff X$peV$, ApZ„v$

hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>

• GZÁfh MqYrho÷t Poëj® a³a³R=³ A.j. 1822co„ geol[t Pofro do„qÓK$ K$çàdxU$e^t ho³] K$et krt.

• A.j. 1946co„ â[c j„_{Y® âo³M°oc @o]oper Af³¼U²$o³q^K$ K$o³çàdxU$e dx@³j@³co„ Äko³^ @³K$U®$ @ ³ Äko³^ co³jft Üoeo a^oggoco„ @oìdx„ krx„. @o qghol @o³U$o³c³pU$K$ MY^d„Ó dxq^gqj®U$t @o³` _³ZÞjëg³q^doco„ @³K$ ñ$c ³ @oget f³rx„ krx„.

• ENIAC retK³$ ÅYtrx„ qgð x„ â[c j`l Af³¼U²$o³q^K$ K$o³çàdxU$e, dx@³j @oc| coU³$ g¥noq^K$ MYret@o³ K$ego coU³$ r³^o³ C_do³M [ro³ kro³.

suLke sYh LkÚke íku ¾heËþku íkku suLke sYh Au íku ðu[ðwt Ãkzþu.

4 �� ���

MqYr qhmY^t klgt MqYr qhmY^t klgt MqYr qhmY^t klgt MqYr qhmY^t klgt âg©qÑâg©qÑâg©qÑâg©qÑ

_°g©qÑ_°g©qÑ_°g©qÑ_°g©qÑ----1111

^oYoK$td ìdgkoeo³ ³ jcR=go^oYoK$td ìdgkoeo³ ³ jcR=go^oYoK$td ìdgkoeo³ ³ jcR=go^oYoK$td ìdgkoeo³ ³ jcR=go

@Âdd^ k³rx: @Âdd^ k³rx: @Âdd^ k³rx: @Âdd^ k³rx: ^oYo„^o³ do³Ád C_do³M K$ego^t ÿocro K³$lg³.

@ogídK$ @ogídK$ @ogídK$ @ogídK$ _{g®no^:_{g®no^:_{g®no^:_{g®no^: j„¿do@o³ @^³ r³c^o jegolo/ aou$aoK$t^t ÅYK$oet. (e) Rx=u$t Rx=u$t PfYt

^o³U$o³ ìdgkoeco„ Pof³ Q=³ r³^t ÅYK$oet.

jo]^jocM°t : jo]^jocM°t : jo]^jocM°t : jo]^jocM°t : a^ogU$t qgqg] PfY^t ^o³U$o³.

_Ùqr : _Ùqr : _Ùqr : _Ùqr :

1. 1,e,_, 10 @^³ e0^t ìdgkoe^t PfYt ^o³U$o³ fo³.

2. qgqg] ^o³U$o³^x„ j„K$f^ K$et^³ e0^t ^o³U$o³ x„ K$f³K$h^ K$eo³.

3. u$e³K$ qgÛo[| atÅ jo³_o^ K$e³ @^³ r³^x„ @gfo³K$ ^o¢]³.

^„ae^„ae^„ae^„ae ^oc^oc^oc^oc 1 ñq_do³ñq_do³ñq_do³ñq_do³ e ñq_do³e ñq_do³e ñq_do³e ñq_do³ _ _ _ _

ñq_do³ñq_do³ñq_do³ñq_do³

10

ñq_do³ñq_do³ñq_do³ñq_do³

20

ñq_doñq_doñq_doñq_do

eK$ceK$ceK$ceK$c

1 A 2 10+10<20

2 B 2 1 5+5+10<20

3 C 5 1 2+2+2+2+2+10<20

@gfo³K$^ : @gfo³K$^ : @gfo³K$^ : @gfo³K$^ :

• K$do K$o³çat^³h^co„ @o³Q=oco„ @o³Q=t ^o³U$o³ [od Q=³ > .......

• K$do K$o³çat^³h^co„ g]xco„ g]x ^o³U$o³ [od Q=³ > .......

• rc³ K$d„x K$o³çat^³h^ K$et hK$do > ...........

Ãknu÷kt {kýMk xuðLku Ãkk¤u Au, ÃkAe xuð {kýMkLku Ãkkzu Au.

5 �� ���

_°g©qÑ_°g©qÑ_°g©qÑ_°g©qÑ----2 2 2 2

]pW$dol^t cu$u$]pW$dol^t cu$u$]pW$dol^t cu$u$]pW$dol^t cu$u$[[[[t jcd ųro„ htLgx„ t jcd ųro„ htLgx„ t jcd ųro„ htLgx„ t jcd ųro„ htLgx„

@Âdd^ k³rx: @Âdd^ k³rx: @Âdd^ k³rx: @Âdd^ k³rx: ]pW$dol^x„ jcd go„P^

@ogídK$ @ogídK$ @ogídK$ @ogídK$ _{g®no^:_{g®no^:_{g®no^:_{g®no^: ]pW$dolco„ jcd ųro @ogW$gx„.

jo]^ jocM°t :jo]^ jocM°t :jo]^ jocM°t :jo]^ jocM°t : K$o„U$o ³egt hK$od r³gt ]pW$dol, (a.m.) (p.m.) fL³fo K$oW®$ (õU$tK$e)

_Ùqr :_Ùqr :_Ùqr :_Ùqr :

jo³_o^-1 gM®L„W$^o qgÛo[|@o³^³ a³ boMco„ gk¢Pgo U$tc-A, U$tc-B,

jo³_o^-2 U$tc-Aco„[t @³K$ qgÛo[| @ogt ]pW$dolco„ K$o„U$o `³egt a.m. K³$ p.m. ^x„ õU$tK$e fMogh³.

jo³_o^-3 U$tc-B ^o³ qgÛo[| jcd^x„ go„P^ K$eh³.

jo³_o^-4 @oR= etr³ U$tc-B ^o³ qgÛo[t® _Y jcd ]pW$dolco„ arogt U$tc-A ^o qgÛo[| ³

_{Q=h³.

jo³_o^-5 R=³ qgÛo[| joPo³ R=goa @o_h³ r³^³ _o³AÞU$ 1 clh³.

âg©qÑ^o @„r³ õ_óU$ âg©qÑ^o @„r³ õ_óU$ âg©qÑ^o @„r³ õ_óU$ âg©qÑ^o @„r³ õ_óU$ [[[[rt j„K$ë_^o : rt j„K$ë_^o : rt j„K$ë_^o : rt j„K$ë_^o :

]pW$dolco„ jcd^x„ go„P^ joet etr³ K$et hK³$.

a.m. @^³ p.m. cxR=a jcd go„Pt hK³$.

ît qgeoMboA Meofo f³K$Pee, W$odU$, @oY„u$

fMkhíkÚke su ÷k¼ þhehLku {¤u Au íku s ÷k¼ ðkt[LkÚke {øksLku {¤u Au.

6 �� ���

_u$o_u$o_u$o_u$o[[[[®^t @gõ®^t @gõ®^t @gõ®^t @gõ[[[[oooo

_opebopóoK$ håu$o³: _opebopóoK$ håu$o³: _opebopóoK$ håu$o³: _opebopóoK$ håu$o³:

_u$o[®, u$l, K$u$, Mf^saux$, CÐK$f^saux$, @o„re @oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal

j„K$ë_^o : j„K$ë_^o : j„K$ë_^o : j„K$ë_^o :

_u$o_u$o_u$o_u$o[[[[® : ® : ® : ® : R=³ Ku$ @^³ u$l ]eog³ Q=³ r³ ³ _u$o[® K$k³ Q=³.

K$u$: K$u$: K$u$: K$u$: _u$o[³® @gK$ohco„ eo³K³$ft R=Ádo^x„ co_ @³U$f³ K$u$.

u$l: u$l: u$l: u$l: _u$o[®co„ jcod³f Öìd^o R=Õ[o^³ _u$o[®^x„ u$l K$k³ Q=³.

@o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal:@o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal:@o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal:@o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal:---- @Ï@o³ @Ï@o³ gÃP³ foMro @oK$óo®Yal^³ @o„re

@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal K$k³ Q=³.

_u$o[®^t ÓY @gõ[o@o³ Q=³. (1) N^ (2) âgokt @^³ (3) godx

1.1.1.1. N^ : N^ : N^ : N^ : Po³K$K$j @oK$oe @^³ K$u$ ]eog³.

@Ï^t Mo³V$gYt q^qòr, q^dqcr @^³ _oj_oj³.

N^ _u$o[®co„ @o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal g]x ko³d Q=³ coU³$ N^ _u$o[® ref ko³ro ^[t. Cu$o.

K$o³fjo³, ae`, _Õ[e

e.e.e.e. âgokt : âgokt : âgokt : âgokt : Po³K$K$j @oK$oe ko³ro³ ^[t _e„rx K$u$ q^qòr ko³d Q=³.

• @Ï^t Mo³V$gYt [o³W$o âcoYco„ @q^qòr, @³K$atÅ[t [o³W$o u{$e @³K$atÅ[t [o³W$o

u{$e @„re³.

• @o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal @o³Qx=„ ko³d Q=³.

Cu$o. _oYt,r³f, _³U²$o³f, W$tSf.

3.3.3.3. godx : godx : godx : godx : Po³K$K$j @oK$oe @^³ K$u$ k³oro ^[t.

• @Ï@o³^t Mo³V$gYt @q^qòr, @q^dqcr @^³ @³K$atÅ[t u{$e.

• @o„re@oÎgtd @oK$óo®Yal ^qkg¹r ko³d Q=³.

[tËLk fhíkktÞ ðtËLk ðÄw þeík¤ Au.

7 �� ���

Cu$o. geol, kgo, ]xcoW$o³, CNG, LPG, PNG

kK$tK$ro³ : kK$tK$ro³ : kK$tK$ro³ : kK$tK$ro³ :

_u$o[®^t @o]xq^K$ @gõ[o@o³ Q=³.

Po³Po³Po³Po³[[[[t @gõt @gõt @gõt @gõ[[[[o o o o

- àfoSco R=³$ JPo ro_co^³ ųgo cl³ Q=³.

- r³ j{d®, roeo@o³co„ q^do³^joA^ aëa, `fo³eo³jÞU$ f³ç_.

- _o„Pct @gõ[o-ao³S @oA^õU$oA^ j„NU$K$.

K$od®K$oeY j„a„]: K$od®K$oeY j„a„]: K$od®K$oeY j„a„]: K$od®K$oeY j„a„]:

• Mf^saux$Mf^saux$Mf^saux$Mf^saux$---- R=³ ro_co^³ N^_u$o[® x„ âgoktco„ ñ_o„re [od r³ ro_co^^³ r³

_u$o[®^x„ Mf^saux$ K$k³ Q=³.

• CÐK$f^saux$ CÐK$f^saux$ CÐK$f^saux$ CÐK$f^saux$ ---- R=³ ro_co^³ âgokt _u$o[® x„ godxco„ ñ_o„re [od r³ ro_co^^³ r³

_u$o[®^x„ CÐK$f^saux$ K$k³ Q=³.

âg©qÑ@o³ : âg©qÑ@o³ : âg©qÑ@o³ : âg©qÑ@o³ :

âg©qrâg©qrâg©qrâg©qr----1 1 1 1

ae` be³fo õU$tf^o Áfoj^x„ @gfo³K$^

õU$tf^o Áfojco„ ae` c{K$ro„ Áfoj^t aoü j_oU$t _e _oYt^o„ U$\_o ųgo clh³ K$oeY K³$

gorogeYco„ ek³fo godx^x„/ geol^x„ ae`^t V„$W$K$^o ft]³ _oYtco„ ñ_o„re [h³ @^³ Áfoj^t aoü

j_oU$t _e aoS³ Q=³.

âg©qrâg©qrâg©qrâg©qr----e e e e

NI^t eo³U$ft `vfgo^x„ K$oeY : NI^t eo³U$ft `vfgo^x„ K$oeY : NI^t eo³U$ft `vfgo^x„ K$oeY : NI^t eo³U$ft `vfgo^x„ K$oeY :

NI^o fo³U$^³ _oYt Üoeo ao]t r³^t e³oU$ft a^oggoco„ @og³ Q=³. kg³, @o eo³U$ft^³ Mect

@o_goco„ @ogro r³^t @„u$e ek³fo _oYt^o boM^³ Mect cl³ Q=³. R=³^x„ godxco„ ñ_o„re [od Q=³. @k\

MkðoLkk MknÞkuøke çkLkðkðk¤k s MkðoLkk MLkune çkLke þfu Au.

8 �� ���

e³oU$ft^t a„^³ aoRx= h³K$oA MA ko³go[t @o geol^³ akoe ^tK$lgo^t R=Ádo clrt ^[t R=³[t @„u$e

ek³ft geol u$aoY CÐ_ÞÞo K$e³ Q=³ @^³ eo³U$ft `vf³ Q=³.

âg©qrâg©qrâg©qrâg©qr----3333

jlMrt @MeaÑt^x„ @gfo³K$^ :

@MeaÑt@³ N^ _u$o[® Q=³ R=³^³ Mect @o_ro r³^x„ godxco„ ñ_o„re [od Q=³. @^³ ]xcoWo$³ ųgo

cl³ Q=³.

jocoÞdtK$eY : jocoÞdtK$eY : jocoÞdtK$eY : jocoÞdtK$eY :

_u$o[®^t ÓY³d @gõ[o^x„ @³K$atÅco„ ñ_o„re K$et hK$od Q=³.

R=³c K³$,

(q_Mf^) (aoó_tbg^)

Mect Mect

ae` _oYt godx/ geol

V„$$WK$$ V„$W$K$

(N^tbg^) (âgoktK$eY)

Mect Mect

ae` _oYt godx/ geol

V„$WK$$ V„$W$K$

ÓY³d @gõ[o@o³ _o³ro^o Po³K$K$j MxY]co£ ]eog³ Q=³.

âï^o³ : âï^o³ : âï^o³ : âï^o³ :

1. _u$o[® K$A @gõ[oco„ âoàÐo [od Q=³ @³U$f³ K³$ _u$o[®^t c{l @gõ[o K$A >

2. u$e³K$ _u$o[®^³ r³^t c{l @gõ[oco„[t @Þd @gõ[oco„ `³egt hK$od >

3. hx„ u$e³K$ _u$o[® ÓY³d @gõ[oco„ âoàÐo Q=³ >

[íkwh rLkþkLkçkks Ãknu÷uÚke rLkþkLk çkhkçkh MkkÄu Au ÃkAe s íkeh Akuzu Au.

9 �� ���

4. e³rt^³ goU$K$tco„ bero r³ goU$K$t R=³go³ @oK$oe ]oeY K$e³ R=doe³ Áfojco„ bero r³ Áfoj

R=³go³ @oK$oe ]oeY K$e³ Q=³ ro³ r³^³ N^co„ K$A etr³ jcogt hK$od>

5. @MeaÑt^³ jlMogro r³ ]xcoW$o³ CÐ_ÞÞo K$e³ Q=³ ro³ @k\ N^co„[t godxco„ ñ_o„re K$A

etr³ [dx„ @^³ N^ @^³ godx gÃP³^t âgokt @gõ[o^x„ hx„ >

6. SoK$l K$do K$oeY[t _W³$ Q=³ >

eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ C_do³M : eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ C_do³M : eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ C_do³M : eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ C_do³M :

• ae`^³ Mect clgo[t âgoktco„ `³egod Q=³ R=³[t r³ ^tPo ro_co^³ _o³ro^x„ õgñ_ Ålgt

eoL³ Q=³.

• _oYt^³ Mect @o_ro„ geol a^³ Q=³ aoó_tbg^ Üoeo gejou$ _W³$ Q=³.

• bt^o K$_W$o^³ rW$K$oco„ jxK$gro„ r³ Mect^o ft]³ _oYt^x„ geolco„ ñ_o„re [ro„ K$_W$o„ jxK$oA

Åd Q=³.

Kx$u$ert NU$^o@o³ joKx$u$ert NU$^o@o³ joKx$u$ert NU$^o@o³ joKx$u$ert NU$^o@o³ jo[[[[³ @^xa„] : ³ @^xa„] : ³ @^xa„] : ³ @^xa„] :

• ]xçcj

• SoK$l^x„ _W$gx„

• gejou$ _W$go³

• K$eo _W$go

eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ c{ëdo³ : eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ c{ëdo³ : eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ c{ëdo³ : eo³sR=u$o Æg^co„ c{ëdo³ : N^ _u$o[®co„ @Yx@o³ t Mo³V$gYt L{aR= ^ÆK$ k³od Q=³, âgoktco„ r³ o K$ero„ [o³W$t u{$e @ ³

godxco„ jo¥[t g]oe³ u{$e k³od Q=³ @o[t K³$oA_Y @q^dqcr @oK$oeco„ N^_u$o[® K$ero„ âgokt @ ³ âgokt

_u$o[® K$ero„ godx jelro[t Mo³V$goA Åd Q=³ ro³ qgPoet Rx=@o³ K³$ rcoex„ ìdpK$rÐg K³$gx„ Q=³ ]^, âgokt K³$

godx R=³gx„ .......

W$oµ. jrtiboA qrgoet qj. f³K$Pee, W$odU$, @oY„u$

økE fk÷ {kxu hzu Lknª, ykðíkefk÷ {kxu zhu Lknª íku õÞkhuÞ ÃkkAku Ãkzu Lknª.

10 �� ���

__³U$ Üoeo __³U$ Üoeo __³U$ Üoeo __³U$ Üoeo _do®geY _do®geY _do®geY _do®geY qhmYqhmYqhmYqhmY

coAfõU$o³^, LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$o³coAfõU$o³^, LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$o³coAfõU$o³^, LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$o³coAfõU$o³^, LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$o³ ]o³eY]o³eY]o³eY]o³eY ::::---- 3 qgidqgidqgidqgid ::::---- _do®geY

coAfõU$o³^/@³K$ccoAfõU$o³^/@³K$ccoAfõU$o³^/@³K$ccoAfõU$o³^/@³K$c ::::---- coAfõU$o³^, LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$o³

k³rx k³rx k³rx k³rx ::::---- . R=³ fo³K$o³ LoÛ _u$o[£o CÐ_Þ^ K$e³ Q=³ r³c^³ @o³lL³ Q=³.

^t_R= ^t_R= ^t_R= ^t_R= ::::---- LoÛ _u$o[£o CÐ_Þ^ K$e^oe fo³K$o³^t cx¿d âg©qr@o³[t goK³$` [od.

r¥doe K$e^oe^„x ^oc :r¥doe K$e^oe^„x ^oc :r¥doe K$e^oe^„x ^oc :r¥doe K$e^oe^„x ^oc :---- _xó_oa³^ @³f. _ecoe

_oÓo³^o„ ^oc:_oÓo³^o„ ^oc:_oÓo³^o„ ^oc:_oÓo³^o„ ^oc:---- (1) u$ou$o (2) U$tq^do³

_oÓo³^t g³hb{io @^³ jocoÞd _pePd_oÓo³^t g³hb{io @^³ jocoÞd _pePd_oÓo³^t g³hb{io @^³ jocoÞd _pePd_oÓo³^t g³hb{io @^³ jocoÞd _pePd

(1) u$ou$o-]o³qrdx„, _k³eY, ko[co„ foK$W$t, U$o³_t (2) U$t^tdo³-_³ÞU$-hU®$.

_oÓ^t_oÓ^t_oÓ^t_oÓ^t g³hb{io:g³hb{io:g³hb{io:g³hb{io:----

(1) U$t^tdo³ :- Ne^o ×ídgolx qPÓ, j\MPYo^t ux$K$o^golx qPÓ, No„Pt^t

ux$K$o^^x„ qPÓ, qcV$oA^t ux$K$o^^x„ qPÓ, a³K$etgolo^x„ qPÓ.

×íd×íd×íd×íd----1111

(Ne^x„ ×íd(Ne^x„ ×íd(Ne^x„ ×íd(Ne^x„ ×íd---- Neco„ u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ a³V$o Q=³.)Neco„ u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ a³V$o Q=³.)Neco„ u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ a³V$o Q=³.)Neco„ u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ a³V$o Q=³.)

(jocM°t: Ne^o ×ídgol(jocM°t: Ne^o ×ídgol(jocM°t: Ne^o ×ídgol(jocM°t: Ne^o ×ídgol„„„„ x qPÓ aroggx„)x qPÓ aroggx„)x qPÓ aroggx„)x qPÓ aroggx„)

u$ou$o :- @ëdo, U$t^tdo. _³fo cM^K$oK$o^³ N³e R=A^³ K$k³ K³$ coeo u$ou$o rc ³ kl fA^³ L³re

L³W$go ao³fog³ Q=³.

U$t^tdo³ :- k³, u$ou$o, @o cM^K$oK$o kl fA^³ L³re L³W$go @og³ @³c^³ hx„ K$k³god>

u$ou$o :- U$t^tdo, @³^³ L³W{$r K$k³god. R=³ L³W{$r ko³d r³ ³ L³re L³W$ro„ @ogW³$.

U$t^tdo³ :- k„......... _Q=t hx„ K$e³ c^³ K$ko³^³ u$ou$o>

u$ou$o :- ų U$t^tdo @o L³W{$r L³reco„ kl[t L³re L³W³$. _Q=t @³co u$oYo gog³. u$oYo DM³.

_oK$ [od, @³U$f³ r³^³ fY³ @^³ @^oR=^o u$oYo _K$g³ r³^³ L³W{$r K$k³god. @^oR= gMe

sux÷e çkLku íkux÷e [k÷kfe ykuAe fhku, WÃkhðk¤kLke {nuhçkkLke ðÄkhu Úkþu.

11 �� ���

@o_Y^³ ^o Pof³. L³W{$r @³ @o_Y^³ Lo³eoK$ _{e„x _oW$go^x„ K$oc K$e³ Q=³. @³U$f³ L³W{$r

LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$ K$k³god.

U$t^tdo³ :- u$ou$o, [o³W$t b{L foMt Q=³ K„$AK$ LgW$ogo³^³.

u$ou$o :- f³, k¢W$ coet ųW³$ Mocco„, r^³ LgW$ogx„

×íd×íd×íd×íd----2222

(u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ Mocco„ Åd Q=³)(u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ Mocco„ Åd Q=³)(u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ Mocco„ Åd Q=³)(u$ou$o @^³ U$t^tdo³ Mocco„ Åd Q=³)

jocM°tjocM°tjocM°tjocM°t ::::---- (j\MPYo^t ux$K$o^golx qPÓ arogg„x)

u$ou$o :- @ëdo, K$eh^. @o coeo U$t^tdo ³ [o³W$o j\MPYo @o_^³>

K$eh^ :- ko³, ko³ qhgoboA rc³ ro³ aky u$oW³$ u³$LoYo> f³ U$t^tdo @o j\MPYo.

u$ou$o :- ų U$t^tdo @o j\MPYo bÌ$$tco„ `o³W³$ Q=³. ųdx„ r³ > @o j\MPYo h³K³$ @³^³ bo„W$b{ų

K$k³god. @³ _Y LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$ R= K$k³god.

U$t^tdo³ :- k„, u$ou$o aeoae c^³ ro³ @ogt Lae R= ^ko³rt.

u$ou$o :- Pof @oMl R=A@³.

jocM°t :- (No„Pt^t ux$K$o^^x„ qPÓgolx ×íd aroggx„)

u$ou$o :- @ëdo, K$etc hx„ K$e³ Q=³>

K$etc :- Rx=@o³^³ qhgoboA, @o NoYtco„[t r³f K$oXx„$ Qx=„.

u$ou$o :- @ëdo, U$t^tdo, @kt„ ų. @o alu$ M$o³l-Mo³l `e³ Q=³ @^³ @o foK$W$$o^t NoYt Q=³.

r³co„ cM`lt, rf gM³e³ ^oLt^³ _tfgo[t r³co„[t r³f ^tK$l³ Q=³. ų aeoae u³$Lod

Q=³ ^³ r³f ^tK$lrx„„>

U$t^tdo³ :- ko³g³, u$ou$o @o ro³ R=aex„ r³f ^tK$l³ Q=³.

u$ou$o :- ų, U$t^tdo, @o No„Pt r³ftqado„co[t r³f K$oX³$ Q=³. @o_Y³ Logoco„ r³f^o³ C_do³M

K$et@³ Q=³^³>

U$t^tdo³ :- ko³g³ u$ou$o, @o_Y³ hoK$ g]oet@³, eo³U$ft, bqR=do, _{et@o³ a^ogt@³ @³ a]oco„

cçct r³f^o³ C_do³M K$e³ Q=³.

u$ou$o :- ro³ @o No„Pt _Y LoÛCÐ_ou$K$ K$k³god.

Pof kg³ @oMl R=A@³.

jocM°t :- (qcV$oA^t ux$K$o^^x„ qPÓgolx„ ×íd)

ykÃkýu WÃkøkúnku Akuzeyu Aeyu, Ãký Ãkqðoøkúnku Akuzíkk LkÚke.

12 �� ���

u$ou$o ų U$t^tdo, @o qcV$oA^t ux$K$o^co„ @o qcV$oAgolo qcV$oA a^og³ Q=³ r³c^³ K$„u$o³A K$k³god. r³ _Y LoÛ CÐ_ouK$ R= =K$k³god. U$t^tdo³ :- ko³, u$ou$o, qcV$oA ųA^³ coeo co¢co _oYt @ogt Mdx„> c^³ _¢W$o LgW$ogo³^³!

u$ou$o :- f³ k¢W$, LoA f³ @o _¢W$o. aj eoÆ= [do³> Pof kg³ @oMl R=A@³.

u$ou$o :- @³ kj^boA K³$c Q=o³> cÅco„.

kj^boA :- ko³, qhgoboA @ogo³-@ogo³. aky u$koW³$ u³$LoYo>

(jocM°t: a³K$etgolo^x„ qPÓ ko³d r³gx„ ×íd)

u$ou$o :- @ëdo, U$t^tdo, ų @o kj^boA a³K$etgolo r³ Mo³l,Po³ej qaõK$tU$ a^ogt^³ g³P³

Q=³. r³c^³ _Y LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$ R= K$k³god.

U$t^tdo :- ko, u$ou$o c ³ qaõK$tU$ aky bog³ Q=³. k„, kg³ Lae _W$t qaõK$tU$ g³P^oe a³K$etgolo

_Y LoÛ CÐ_ou$K$ R= K$k³god

u$ou$o :- @ëdo, U$t^tdo, roe³ R=³ qaõK$tU$ Logo ko³d r³ fA f³. U$t^tdo :- ko u$ou$o, coe³ @o qaõK$tU$ Logo Q=³.

u$ou$o :- @o³ boA @o U$t^tdo^³ qaõK$tU$ @o_ .

U$t^tdo :- u$ou$o, paõK$tU$ jej foÁdo ko³! u$ou$o :- f³ k¢W$ kg³ N³e R=A@³.

U$t^tdo³ :- joPx„ K$ky„ u$ou$oÆ> @oR=³ aky„ cÅ @ogt MB. îtcrt jo³^fa³^ c³K$go^

f³K$Pee, W$odU$, @oY„u$

hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro>hx„ rc³ ÅYro kro> • jx_e R=çao³ @³eaj @³ 380 @³U$fx„ qghol Q=³ K³$ r³^t _oQ=l^o³ boM jor

col^t Acoer R=³U$fo³ JPo³ Q=³ @ ³ r³^t _o„Lco„ 70 R=³U$ft K$oe @oeoc[t _oK®$ K$et hK$od Q=³.

• qgco^ K³$ R=³ Ýgq^^t SW$_ K$ero„ _Y g]oe³ SW$_[t DW³$ r³ ³ jx_ejo³q^K$ qgco^ K$k³ Q=³. r³ t SW$_ 1225 pK$.ct. âqr K$foK$ ko³d Q=³. A.j. 1947co„ Ýgq^^t @ogoR= t SW$_ ³ keogrx„ àf³ DW$éx„ krx„. @ ³ A.j. 1976co„ K$o³ÞK$oW®$ @³ _k³fx„ qgco^ krx„ R=³ cxjo`et coU³$ C_do³Mco„ f³goco„ @oìdx„.

• K$o³ÞK$o³W®$ qgco^ fMbM 160 pK$.ct. âqrK$foK$^t SW$_³ DW³$ Q=³ R=³ fMbM Ýgq^^t SW$_ K$ero„ acYt Q=³.

{Lkw»Þ Ãkkuíku ¼kuøke Au yLku çkeòLku íÞkøke òuðk EåAu Au.

13 �� ���

English Teaching Task- Read the paragraph given below. And write the words in the table

below. One example is given for you.

Today is Christmas. Now, we are celebrating Christmas. Before two months, we

celebrated Diwali. My sister Nancy is decorating the Xmas tree. My brother Darshil

decorated our house for Diwali. He was at home. Today, Darshil is not at home. He is in

the hostel. My mother is preparing a cake. She prepared sweet dishes for Diwali. We

received Diwali cards from friends and relatives. We also prepared Diwali cards. My

father helped us for that. My father is helping Nancy now. I am enjoying the music on the

CD player. I am also talking to you on the cell phone. Some friends and relatives visited

us. Nancy and I enjoyed fire crackers.

Now Before

Celebrating Celebrated

Task- Lets’ play : Clock fun

• Stand in a circle and make a clock.

• The teacher will ask questions to a student.

• E.g. what time did you eat breakfast this morning?

• What time did you go to bed last night? etc.

• The participants in the clock move the clock arms to the correct times.

¾he MkwtËhíkk ðMíkw{kt LkÚke Ãkhtíkw íkuLku òuðkLke árü{kt Au.

14 �� ���

Task- Learn and Recite

Dr. Rohit Valand

Lecturer, DIET, Anand

After a bath, I try, try, try

To wipe myself, till I’ll dry, dry, dry

Hands to wipe, and fingers and toes

And two wet legs, and a shiny legs.

Just think how much, less time I’d take,

If I were a dog, and could shake, shake, shake.

Chubby cheeks, Dimple chin,

Rosy lips, Teeth within,

Curly hair, Very fair,

Eyes are blue, lovely too,

Mummy’s pet- Is that you?

Yes, yes, yes!

Task Let’s practice a) "Give papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup." b) "If you want to buy, buy, if you don't want to buy, bye bye !" c) High roller, Low roller, Lower a roller. d) If neither he sells seashells,

Nor she sells seashells, Who shall sell seashells? Shall seashells be sold?

e.) Malaria is a malady many men meet when meeting mosquitoes in Malaysia.

{kuxw ½h çkktÄðkÚke {kuf¤kþ {¤u. {kuxw {Lk hk¾ðkÚke n¤ðkþ {¤u.

15 �� ���

@o_Yt @oj_oj@o_Yt @oj_oj@o_Yt @oj_oj@o_Yt @oj_oj co^g hete qgh³co^g hete qgh³co^g hete qgh³co^g hete qgh³

- co^g hete 213 koW$K$o^o X$o„Po gW³$ a^³fx„ Q=³.

- coYjco„ je³eoh fMbM 12 erf fo³kt Q=³.

- @o_Ï„ hete K$oa®^, koAW²$o³R=^, @o³Z¼jR=^, ^oAU²$o³R=^, `o³õ`ej, K³$Zëhdc @^³ fo³L„W$ x„

a^³fx„ Q=³.

- _o„Pjo³[t g]oe³ õ^odx@o³ Q=³.

- @³K$ Po³ej GP³ heteco„ 10,000 K³$hgoqk^t@o³ Q=³.

- u$e qcp^U³$ ^oW$t^o ]aK$oeo 75 [t 85 [od Q=³.

- u$e qcp^U³$ coYj 16 [t 18 gLr ðojo³ÃQ=goj K$e³ Q=³.

- PocW$tco„ 2500 [t g]oe³ pQ=Öo³ Q=³.

- @o_Yo hete^x„ ro_co^ 98.400 `³. /35.80 j³. ko³d Q=³.

- coYj^o @³K$ ³`joco„ @X$t K$eo³W$ ðojgoqk^t@o³ @^³ r³^³ Q=³W³$ Poe @aR= godxK$o³io³ Q=³.

- cMR=, `³`jo, ùu$d, c{Ós_W$ aeo³l hete^o ^oRx=K$ @gdgo³ Q=³.

- coYj^o heteco„ jocoÞd etr³ 3 erf _³hoa ^tK$l³ Q=³.

- heteco„ @o„L, K$o^, ^oK$, Æb @^³ PocW$t @³ _o„P cx¿d no^³ZÞÖdo³ Q=³.

- coYj u$eeo³R= Poe pK$fo³M°oc K$Peo³ akoe K$oX³$ Q=³.

- u$e³K$ coYj^x„ ùu$d r³^t cxV$t R=³gWx„$ ko³d Q=³.

- hete^x„ @³K$ @³K$ @„M K$\crt Q=³ r³^x„ R=r^ K$et@³.

îtcrt ânoa³^ @³f. crW$

qj. f³K$Pee, W$odU$, @oY„u$

{Lk WÃkh {kLkðeLkku fkçkq yux÷u rðfkMk; {kLkðe WÃkh {LkLkku fkçkq yux÷u rðLkkþ.

16 �� ���

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