飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...

Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 1

飛越小林飛越小林‧‧益川益川 ─ ─ 尋找尋找四代夸克四代夸克Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa

─ Search for 4th Generation Quarks

April 5, 2011, 兩岸 PP/Cosm Workshop @ NTHU

the Experimentheorist

⊳

http://www.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/PageN.php

http://www.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/PageB.php



I. Intro: 「「 Summit 」」 Project on 4G !?

II. Back to 2004: AK , PEW , t′ Surprise / FPCP4 / Bs → J/ / 「 Nature 」 / CPV4BAU

III. Strategizing NTUCMS

IV. The 2008 Nobel: from KM to Nambu Large Yukawa, ⟨QQ⟩, UB ↝ Lattice

V. Money Matters & Summiteering

VI. “Summit” 3 + I Status

VII. Conclusion

Outline

_



3

I+

「「 Summit 」」 Project on 4G4G !?!?

5-yr Approval

四代夸克的追尋四代夸克的追尋

I. Intro



II. Back to 2004: AK , PEW , t′ Surprise / FPCP4 / Bs → J/ / 「 Nature 」 / CPV4BAU


ICHEP 2004, Beijing

ACP(B K)

ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02

275M BB New

K: 728 53

Large EW penguin (Z0) ? New Physics ?

[also seen by BaBar]

_d

d

K

u u

B sb

Sakaithe Thread that Lead ...

hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)


My first B (and 4G :) paper

nondecoupling

2

Z

FF GG

dimensionsdimensions

WSH, Willey, Soni

< 2m2tm



Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵∵ Appear in Propagator

NondecouplingNondecoupling: Yukawa Couplings QQ Appear in NumeratorSubtlety of Spont. Broken Chiral Gauge Theory dynamical

Nondecoupling



_dd

Ku u

B sb t ’

Surprise: B → K DCPV Difference

• AK observed 2004; AKnot significant, but deviate by

• b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t ’ w/

- PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005

- PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007

⇨ Can in principle generate Ak

Not anticipated !

DifferenceIs

Large !Ak

btst VV ''

Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005



b’, t ’ @ (Tevatron/)LHC

GIM , charm, K

small ’/, K (still waiting)

heavy top , sin2

Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002

All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th

BBss

AAFBFB

Nondecoupling∵ ∵ Large Yukawa !

On Boxes and Z Penguins

D ! D !

Z bb

Agenda for All Aspects of Flavor/CPV



Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’0505

WSH, Ma, PRD’10

⇨⇨ CKM4

Illustration




_dd

Ku u

B sb t ’

• AK observed 2004; AKnot significant, but deviate by




⇨ Can in principle generate Ak

Not anticipated !

DifferenceIs

Large !Ak

btst VV ''


t

’

t

’Predict sinsin22BBs s toto



Fermilab



sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (already in 05)

sin2Bs ~ 0.33

WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph]

4th generation “prediction” still robust, but needs LHCb to verify

Also, Soni et al., arXiv:1002.0595 [hep-ph] Buras et al. arXiv:1002.2126 [hep-ph] Lenz et al., arXiv:1005.3505 [hep-ph]

comment: probably hadronic enhanced probably hadronic enhanced ss

sin2Bs ≡ sins ≡ sin2s

s seems smaller

Summer ’10

4G RehabPRD’10



4G Rehabilitation

~ 100 citations~ 100 citations



_dd

Ku u

B sb t ’


• AK observed 2004; AKnot significant, but deviate by • Belle Nature 2008:




⇨ Can in principle generate Ak Predict sinsin22BBs s toto

Not anticipated !

4.44.4by single experiment

DifferenceIs

Large !Ak

btst VV ''

t

’

t

’


Lin, Unno, WSHWSH, Chang et al.



the 4G Leap

One day late summer 2007, it occurred to me …

If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)

Some Some JJ-like-like Object Object Gains 10Gains 1015 15 w/ 4 Generationsw/ 4 Generations

WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]Providence

CJP’09

Jarlskog invariant



III. Strategizing NTUCMS 漢中策略 / Critical Mass / b’ → tW



Find bb’’, tt’’, or Rule Out @ LHC

44thth generation? — The jury is out …

In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !

It’s a Duty.

Strategy Considerations ( )• Well shielded training ground — All ToolsAll Tools ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years

• Publish early — Large Cross Section - If “Limits”, then easy to publish - If “Signal”, Lucked Out!

Strategic Planning for CMS Physics Analysis Vision ~ Early ’06

Well shielded

Publish early

WSH & Arhrib, JHEP’06

Take disfavored status of 4G

to our advantage, i.e. as cover

Act II



Taiwan

Key: People @ CERN

0 5 9 people @ CERN3/07 4/08 4/09

5 doctoral students

$$$$$$



Analysis Status pre-“accident”: b’ → tW

(PAS) 9/2008



IV. The 2008 Nobel: from KM to NambuLarge Yukawa, ⟨QQ⟩, UB ↝ Lattice

_

Strategizing NCTS-North: LHC/Plasmonics/GPU



"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

Thoughts on the other 1/2 Nobel Prize

Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University

Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa

1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize

USA Japan Japan

Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan

Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan) b. 1944 b. 1940

SSB ! Yukawa Largeby

Condensecan QQ

Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity boundunitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?

Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner

Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen.

59

Need Study PlatformHiggs-Yukawa Higgs-Yukawa onon Lattice Lattice



Strong, Nonperturbative Yukawa sets in !



V. Money Matters & Summiteering 「 CHF Debt 」 / Beyond “Conceptual” / Vulcanized:

Pixel I



2009 年Money Matters & 攻頂之路

密辛 2008 年即從台大校長得知攻頂計劃方案，但表示不會申請，因覺得被認為已拿太多錢，背上會挨滿箭 2009 年春得知被 CERN 認定 7 年來欠四十萬瑞郎，雖在半年内找到管道還清，但認清參與 CERN 需要資源，開始認真考慮攻頂。

2008-2009 年粒子物理發展開始對四代夸克漸漸有利 …

2009 年 12 月提構想案，但硬體方案沒有著落 (rad. hard crystals?) 。

2010 年 4 月構想案審查通過，但有意見強調實驗必須有強的硬體方案 … … Iceland volcano

2010 年 5 月 6 日∶ 50 hour roundtrip to PSI near Zurich … Pixel I ! 5 月 15 日 file proposal !



2009 年Money Matters & 攻頂之路

2008 年即從校長得知，但表示不會申請，因覺得被認為已拿太多錢，背上會挨滿箭 2009 年春得知被 CERN 認定 7 年來欠四十萬瑞郎，雖在半年内找到管道還清，但認清參與 CERN 需要資源，開始認真考慮攻頂。

2008-2009 年粒子物理發展開始對四代夸克漸漸有利 …

2009 年 12 月提構想案，但硬體方案沒有著落 (rad. hard crystals?) 。

2010 年 4 月構想案審查通過，但有意見強調實驗必須有強的硬體方案 … … Iceland volcano

2010 年 5 月 6 日∶ 50 hour roundtrip to PSI near Zurich … Pixel I ! 5 月 15 日 file proposal !

密辛



VI. “Summit” 3 + I Status



3

I

++

• 4G Search

arXiv:1102.4746 [hep-ex], based on 2010 data

b’ heavier than 361 GeV• Collider Pheno

- Manpower at NTUHEP (jointly with Xiao-Gang) - Prelim. results: + New Yukawa Bound States? + nEDM4 perhaps accessible to SNS + Can generate BAU if assume bubble wall + Other …

• Lattice Yukawa

- Contact with DESY-Zeuthen - New Cluster ~ May; will run larger lattice

After > half year politics, Pixel Upgrade Phase-1 MB Phase-1 MB formed



~ same as CDF 1/2011 update w/ 4.8 fb



3

I

++

• 4G Search

arXiv:1102.4746 [hep-ex], based on 2010 data

b’ heavier than 361 GeV• Collider Pheno

- Manpower at NTUHEP (jointly with Xiao-Gang) - Prelim. results: New Yukawa Bound States? nEDM4 perhaps accessible to SNS Can generate BAU4 if assume bubble wall Other …

• Lattice Yukawa

- Contact with DESY-Zeuthen; run smaller lattice - New Cluster ~ May; will run larger lattice

After > 1/2 year politics, Pixel Upgrade Phase-1 MB Phase-1 MB formed

Will aim for new NTU「拔尖」 Project



CMS Pixel Upgrade Phase 1 Management Board

ChairChair

BPix

FPix



VII. Conclusion:

Collect Bets on 4G

> Last Chance for you to Bet Against 4G ! <

It may appear in these two years• Impact FP/CPV4 ↝ BAU4• Turn EWSB4 Upside Down



Kobayashi’s Nobel slides

JJ seems short by at least

Jarlskog invariant



What about Strength of Phase Transition?

Higgs potential at T 0

4322

220 )(1 HHTEH

TTmHV T

cT

regulate transition strength: bosons

• For For mmHH > 72> 72 GeV transition is a GeV transition is a crossover

― ― rules out BAU in SMrules out BAU in SM. .

• Typically invoke SUSY: Typically invoke SUSY: light stoplight stop

• With SM4, no new bosons With SM4, no new bosons still insufficient still insufficient

GeV 100Tc

W, Z

Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996

Fok and Kribs, 2008Fok and Kribs, 2008

e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000

Caveats

• “Nambu PairingPairing” or Condensate (Strong Yukawa !) could enter E(T)• (Multi-)Higgs field likely compositecomposite in presence of Strong Yukawa

QQ

Could nonperturbative Yukawa save the day? Lattice Higgs-YukawaLattice Higgs-Yukawa

perturbative



N.B. QCDF did not predict AK;

SCET got wrong sign for Ak

but PQCD did predict (ca. 2001) sign and strength of AK;

PAMELA !

• PAMELA e+ could be due to (near by) Pulsars (so, Astrophysics); see e.g. Hooper, Blasi and Serpico, JCAP01(2009)025

BUT THAT DIDN’T STOP DM PARTICLE SPECULATOR/THEORISTS

• B → K DCPV Difference could be due to “Enhanced Color-suppressed Enhanced Color-suppressed CC”

AND THIS SEEMS TO STOP FURTHER THOUGHTS ACROSS ATLANTIC !?

What Theorists Should Do ! (like “Blind Analysis”)


飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...

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Transcript of 飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...

飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找 四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...

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Transcript of 飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找 四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...

飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...

Transcript of 飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th...