사철쑥 Artemisia capillaris), 더위지기 Artemisia...
Transcript of 사철쑥 Artemisia capillaris), 더위지기 Artemisia...
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대한간학회지 제 6 권 제 4 호 2000 ; 548-551
Nothing is more closely related to humans
than the plant , named sook in Korea. A very
famous story, which has been passed down
through generations, talks about a bear that
endured 100 days in a cave eating only sook
and garlic and became a bride of the mythical
ancestor of Koreans, T ankoon. The word
sook originates from the description of a
plant ' s ability to rapidly grow even in infertile
soil. The shoot of sook appears from the
ground in early spring, appearing soft and mild,
tasting slightly bitter and spreading a
chracteristic fragrance. In terms of nutrition, it
has been a source of vitamins to Koreans for
centuries. Koreans have enjoyed the shoot of
the sook in soups and in rice cakes.
However , sook grows very rapidly as high as
the knees in some cases, forming rigid stems
and leaves along the way. It also has a strong
bitter taste. Thus, sook is rarely used as a
food material during summer. The stems and
leaves die completely in winter except for the
roots which extend around and grow the
shoots that will emerge in the following spring.
T he scientific name of sook mentioned above
is A rtem isia p rinceps var. orientalis (Fig. 1).
In Korea a total of 28 species are present in
Figure 1. Artemisia princeps var. orientalis
<간과 관련된 한국의 민간요법 비평 (3)>
인진쑥(茵蔯蒿)이란 무엇인가?
사철쑥(Artemisia capillaris), 더위지기(Artemisia iwayomogi)와
개똥쑥(Artemisia annua)
가톨릭대학교 의과대학 내과학교실 대전성모병원
안 병 민
What is In-Jin-Sook?
Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia iwayomogi, and Artemisia annua
Byung Min Ahn, M.D.
Daejeon St. Many 's Hospital, Department of Jnternal Medicine. College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Byung Min Ahn. What is In-Jin-Sook? Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia iwayomogi, and Artemisia annua 549
g enera A rtem is ia which belongs to the class
Camp anulales and the family Comp os itae .1,2
Ever since it s fir st mention in the old Chinese
bible of medicinal plant s it has been used in
the treatment for jaundice and liver diseases of
various origin . T here are at least three species
of g enera A rtem is ia claimed as In - Jin - Sook in
Korea ; A rtem is ia cap illaris (Fig . 2), A rtem is ia
iway om og i (Fig. 3) and A rtem is ia annua (Fig. 4).3
In contrast , there have been several studies on
the therapeutic effect s of A rtem is ia cap illaris
on the various liver diseases and cholestasis in
Japan.4 ,5 Recent scientific analy sis reveal that
inhibitory activity on T GF - beta 1 induced
apoptosis of hepatocyte by capillin and
capilliene6 contained in A rtem is ia cap illaris and
on F as induced apoptosis by genipin7 which is
(a )
(b )Figure 2. Artemisia capillaris
Figure 3. Artemisia iwayomogi
Figure 4. Artemisia annua
a kind of metabolite of A rtem is ia cap illaris
produced by intestinal bacteria.
In - Jin - Sook is probably the most common
plant among the various herbal remedies being
u sed in the treatment of liver diseases in
Korea . T he dried whole stem s and leaves (Fig .
5) are commonly u sed for making w ater
extract s through the process of long time
boiling , however , so far there have been no
w ell known studies on In - Jin - Sook in Korea.
Furthermore, the elevation of tran saminases ,
aggravation of known hepatitis and acute
hepatitis with jaundice are observed infreque-
ntly in the subject s who have ingested
In - Jin - Sook. Although In - Jin - Sook induced
hepatitis are more commonly found in long
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550 대한간학회지 제 6 권 제 4 호 2000
Figure 5. The dried whole stems and leares of In-Jin-Sook
term u ser s u sing large amount or high
concentrated regimen, the mechanism s behind
liver injuries caused by In - Jin - Sook has not
been clearly defined. Most of the patient s do
not show hyper sentivity such as fever , skin
rash , and eosinophilia. T he dose dependency
might indicate mild intrinsic hepatotoxicity as
a mechanism of liver injury . However , further
investigation s should be performed on whether
the possible hepatotoxicity comes from the
component of In - Jin - Sook or some possible
additives which are added to dried In - Jin - Sook
imported from China. Furthermore, fir st we
evaluate the species of A rtem is ia as a causal
plant for the In - Jin - Sook related liver injuries
in Korea. In fact , there are flood of advertise-
ment s on the various product s made from
In - Jin - Sook which has not clearly identified
the precise species, although the Korea F ood
and Drug Administration indicated A rtem is ia
cap illaris as the In - Jin - Sook which was
allowed as a food supplement .8 From the view
point of the subject s who eat In - Jin - Sook
product s, most of them ingested it for a
certain pharmacological effi-
cacy rather than as a bev -
erage or a food.
Even though certain her -
bal remedies may be effe-
ctive, do their benefit s out -
w eigh the risks? In the
United States and European
countries where various her -
bal medicines are sold as
food supplement s, there are
significant problem s expo-
sing the control of their
quality and safety .9 ,10 T he
minister for public health in
the UK recently pointed out that the regimen
for un - licensed medicines does not give
sy stematic protection to the public against low
quality and unsafe unlicenced herbal reme-
dies .10 ,11 An important lesson should be
learned from the current situation in the UK.
A cknow ledg em ent : T he author deeply thanks
Prof. Ki- Hwan Bae for the photograph of
A rtem is ia annua and some critical comment s .
References
1. Lee T B. Illustrated flora of Korea, Hyang -
Moon publishing : Seoul Korea, 1985;755-761.
2. Lee WT . Standard illu stration s of Korean
plant s , Academy publishing : S eoul Korea ,
1996;345- 349.
3. Bae KH. Medicinal plant s of Korea, Kyo-
Hak publishing : Seoul Korea, 2000;488- 489.
4. Sakagami Y, Mizoguchi Y, Miyajima K, et
a l. E ffect s of t h e Ch in es e pr e s cr ipt ion
inchinko- to intrahepatic cholest asis induc-
ed by the cholestatic factor . Nippon Shoka-
kibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 1985;82:2608- 2612.
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안병민. 인진쑥(茵蔯蒿)이란 무엇인가? 사철쑥, 더위지기와 개똥숙 551
5. Mase A , Yam ashiki M , Arai I, et al. T he
Japanese herbal medicine Inchinko- to(TJ - 135)
could control concanavalin A(con-A)- induced
hepatitis in mice. J Gastroenterol and Hep-
atol 2000;15(Suppl):F99.
6. Yamamoto M, Ogawa K, Morita M, Fukuda
K, Komat su Y. T he herbal medicine Inchin -
ko- to inhibit s liver cell apopt osis induced
by transforming growth factor beta 1. He-
patology 1996;23:552- 559.
7. Yam am oto M, Miura N , Ohtake N , et al.
Genipin , a metabolite derived from the her -
bal medicine Inchin - ko- to, and suppression
of Fas - induced lethal liver apoptosis in mice.
Gastroenterology 2000;118:380- 389.
8. Korea F ood and Drug Administration , notif-
icat ion 2000- 18; A rtem is ia cap illaris thunb
(In - Jin , In - Jin - Ho) as a food supplement s
on April 18, 2000.
9. Ern st E. Herbal medicines :where is the ev -
idence? Growing evidence of effectiv eness
is counterbalanced by inadequate regulation .
Br Med J 2000;321:395- 396.
10. Lord GM, T agore R, Cook T , et al. Nephr -
otoxicity caused by Chinese herb s in the
UK. Lancet 1999;354:481- 482.
11. Jowell T . Herbal medicines. H ouse of Co-
m m on off icial rep ort (Han sord), 1999;26:426-
427.