Introducing the Computer Self-Efficacy to the Expectation-Confirmation Model:

In Virtual Learning Environments

授課老師：游佳萍 老師學 生：吳雅真學 號： 690520159

Introduction

Internet technologies are having a significant impact on the learning industry

E-learning is a new idea in educational domain, because of its variety and controversy

Research Questions Our research purpose is to test and verify

the constructs of ECM in virtual learning environments which are developed by TKU distance learning organization called “idea”

In addition, our research introduces a Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) construct into ECM, and explores the influence between CSE and other constructs of ECM

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Perceived Usefulness

(U)

Perceived Ease of Use

(EOU)

Attitude Toward Using (A)

BehavioralIntention

to Use (BI)

ActualSystemUsing

External Variables

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Cont. 1)

Davis conceived that user acceptance of IT is modeled through TAM on this belief-attitude-intention-behavior relationship

Davis asserted that perceived usefulness and ease of use represent beliefs leading to such acceptance

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Cont. 2)

Perceived usefulness is the degree to which a person believes that a particular system would enhance his or her job performance

Perceived ease of use is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Cont. 3)

Attitude towards use is the user's evaluation of the desirability of employing a particular information systems application

Behavioral intention to use is a measure of the likelihood a person will employ the application

Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT)

Expectation(t1)

Repurchase intention(t2)

Satisfaction(t2)

Confirmation(t2)

Perceived preformance(t2)

Expectation- Confirmation Theory

Note: t1 = pre-consumption variable; t2 = post-consumption variables

Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) (Cont. 1)

Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) is widely used in the customer behaviors literature to study consumer satisfaction, post-purchase behavior and service marketing in general

Lower expectation and/ or higher performance lead to greater confirmation, which in turn positively influence customer satisfaction and continuance intention.

Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) (Cont. 2)

ECT holds that consumers’ intention to repurchase a product or continue service use is determined primarily by their satisfaction with prior use of that product or service

ECT also theorized expectation as an additional determinant of satisfaction

Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM)

Perceived Usefulness

Confirmation

Satisfaction IS Continuance

Intention

Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) (Cont.)

In 2001, Bhattacherjee proposed an Expectation-Confirmation Model by integrating Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Bhattacherjee emphasized that ECM is a post-acceptance model of IS Continuance

Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) In an IT usage context, computer self-effi

cacy which represents an individual’s perceptions of his or her ability to use computers in the accomplishment of a task, rather than reflecting simple component skills

Computer self-efficacy refers to a judgment of one’s capability to use a computer

Research Model Perceived Usefulness

Confirmation

SatisfactionIS Continuance

Intention

Computer Self-Efficacy

H1

H5

H2

H4

H7

H8

H6

H3

Research Hypothesis H1 Users’ extent of confirmation

is positively associated with their perceived usefulness of IS use.

H2 Users’ extent of confirmation is positively associated with their satisfaction of IS use.

Research Hypothesis (Cont. 1) H3 Users’ perceived usefulness

of IS use is positively associated with their satisfaction of IS use.

H4 Users’ IS continuance intention is positively associated with their perceived usefulness of IS use.

Research Hypothesis (Cont. 2) H5 Users’ level of satisfaction

with initial IS use is positively associated with their IS continuance intention.

H6 The higher the individual’s computer self-efficacy, the higher his/her use of computers.

Research Hypothesis (Cont. 3) H7 The higher the individual’s

computer self-efficacy, the higher his/her affect of computer use.

H8 The higher the individual’s computer self-efficacy, the higher his/her outcome expectations are.

Method (Cont. 1) Data/Sample

A total sample of 240 students who took a MIS course by web-based environments in this semester

The target population for the validation study was sophomore students of MIS department in Tamkang University who take a Managements of Information Systems (MIS) instruction course by idea e-learning platform

Method (Cont. 2) Procedure

The instructor communicated with students by E-mail, discussion board, and online meeting.

The instructor will have a class meeting once in couple weeks, and students can discuss anything face to face about MIS course or problems with instructor and classmates.

The homework is needed if the instructor assigned.

Method (Cont. 3)

Procedure (Cont.) The platform provided students

electronic bulletin board, on-line meeting, courses content (HTML format) and etc.

The questionnaire will process in two steps, pre-test and post-test

Methodology (Cont. 1) Employed a One-Group Pretest-

Posttest Design

Constructs will be measured by using multiple-item scales, drawn from pre-validated measures in IS use or ECT related research (whenever possible), and reworded to relate specifically to the context of e-learning related use

Methodology (Cont. 2) Questionnaire

Perceived Usefulness items were adapted from Davis et al. (1989) six-item perceived usefulness scale and use 7-point Likert type

Confirmation: we adapted Bhattacherjeer (2001) three-item confirmation and the scale is from 1 to 7, very disagreed/ very agreed.

Methodology (Cont. 3) Questionnaire (Cont. 1)

Satisfaction: This scale captured respondents’ satisfaction levels along seven-point scales anchored between four semantic differential adjective pairs: “very dissatisfied/very satisfied,” “very displeased/very pleased,” “very frustrated/very contented,” and “absolutely terrible/absolutely delighted”

Methodology (Cont. 4) Questionnaire (Cont. 2)

IS continuance intention was measured using three items adapted from Bhattacherjee (2001)

Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) was measured by the 10-item instrument developed by Compeau and Higgins (1995)

Expected Result

Because e-learning is also a new technologies for popular, and we think the research that we worked on might be have the same results with the original research that Bhattacherjee (2001) proposed

Expected Result (Cont.) First, the ECM was proposed in 2001 by B

hattacherjee, it has not been proved in web-based field context, and it is the main contribution that we want to bring up in this paper.

Second, we hope that our framework would also prove the CSE is an important construct in IS field.