كتاب اللغة العربية الثامن - الجزء الثاني

o qHdG o qdGoe qdG o sdG

:

gG IQGOEG - IG HdG GQeEG dhH dGh HdG IQGRd Xfi jRdGh dGh dG M

2015 - 2014 / `g1436 - 1435 / dhCG dG

IqdG qHdG GQeEG qdGh H qdG IQGRh

gdG IQGOEG

f qdG oAdG

Arabic_G8_F1_T76.indd 1Arabic_G8_F1_T76.indd 1 12/15/14 9:03 AM12/15/14 9:03 AM

2


3

ne p n odG

e N G Y H qe JSCGh qe ```Y qdGh I qdGh BGdH HdG qNh H aCH ecCG ```dG ```dG

.Sh Uh dBG Yh O qdH f

..H qeCG

a qHdG qdG a JGQe J a d ;jj H f Q qdG eqdG qd qHdG qdG c Gg ```qdG ```jY

.2011 d qHdG qdG d IQ qdG qWdG KdG ah H bh HdGh IAGdGh qdGh SG e eeh JYVe r qn poSG ShQO J IMh c qJ G```Mh K Y AL qc TG jAL a dG A```L

g e a JLMG R```HCG qdh dG JegGh ```de qd ;H eh kjMh ``` kjb qHdGh q``èSEG G``` qdG

. udG

KdG Y qf ```dG HqdGh idG jN ``àhh jqdG GQdG J ``àh kL qQe kfRGe kAH ShQ qdG ```H ```bh

YqJ qdG jqdG ```gdG Y IhY HdGh IAG```da qqdG K ```SH jGdG fa ,qHdG ```qdG ```d ``` qWdG

e qJG qdG ddG ```c de Y ka qdG JM ``à LJ qdG qFeEG gdG Hh ```ZdGh qdG ```H

. dG

c ddG hJ a d qdG Qha ,d qLeh L qQe fa gdGh QdG jJ a r ptJG qdG qdG Y qeCG

.Jcd Pf jJ e qdG qdG N e GQdG jJ Y UM qfCG dP FH a vSSCG kag

,H qdG G qdG ``à qJ H ucJ qdG ``` qdG fCG H fRGe JWf ```J CG Y dG a ``ÙM ```c

SQe dEG H NCj qdG dG qFGSG SCG dP a e cG qdG GQdG R qJ qdG ``` qFGKEG ```Hh

e qdG d J IjL qjd bS a JG qd eCG XqdG N e qdG FGOCG jJ Y Jh ,qJ qjd

H Y -qdG fjY - O uJ fCG qCG Y ka IQ q```dG qHdG qdG Kh Y qf qdG qdG ```qJG GQ``è

J dG acG e jd e H fCa ,H Jh scJh qJ e jd qeCqdGh qdGh IAGdGh dG

.H qdG FHCG e qn p odG

e qgP GQSG SGH ,LqdG JG qdG qqdG qJGSEG ``` qFGOCG GQdGh jqdG gdG jJ a fYG ```bh

FGP Jh adG I```dG cG d J qFGOCG ```Wfh J J ,dG ```SG dEG OJ ```SCG ```N

qHdG qdG CG ```dP , kSGh kSQEG ```qdG UGqdG a JLM qJ ``` qXh qVGaG bGe a ```SQe ```Y ```jqdG

.qjfh YGb J CG b Jh Ice

..qdG jY

qdG SQe ```Y QGbEGh jqdG JGQe ``Ù a j CG a c eCG ```fhd jj H dG G```g ```f PEG ```fh

.qHdG dh Wd FfG jJh , kU kLJ J LJh ,qT AHh dG qJdG bGdG a qHdG

.Mh dG qCG Mh ,OG qdG - dJ - G Cf qfEa ,EGh , qfh a dEG f e J a ah b qc GPEa

d qdG


4


5

SdGVdG qdG

lcGh lMQ - HG qdG IMdGlIe lMQ - o qhCG SQ qdG9

tHdG odG - fqdG SQ qdG15

mLe oH oMCG - odqdG SQ qdG27

xOS xf oJ - oHG qdG SQ qdG37

pSdG pdG a odG - oedG SQ qdG45

dG pIM a oqdG - oSO qdG SQ qdG49

dG dG - oH qdG SQ qdG57

o qdG oIQSG - oeqdG SQ qdG67

tqdG odG - oSqdG SQ qdG73

pdG a - edG IMdGo qdGh o qdG - o qhCG SQ qdG79

M - fqdG SQ qdG85

p qdG a pO qdG oqJ - odqdG SQ qdG99

pfG a oGYG - oHG qdG SQ qdG115

oTG - oedG SQ qdG121

oYh dG oc - oSO qdG SQ qdG127

oYdG oSG - oH qdG SQ qdG135

o qjqdG oIQSG - oeqdG SQ qdG141

o qS qdG odS qdG - oSqdG SQ qdG149

oeG odG o qdG - SO qdG IMdGo qHdG oQdG - o qhCG SQ qdG157

nSQGdG GHG - fqdG SQ qdG163

m sSQ nFKh oIAGb - odqdG SQ qdG173

dG oZH - oHG qdG SQ qdG185

odG oSG - oedG SQ qdG189

oOdG odG - oSO qdG SQ qdG195

l qHGYEG lJ - oH qdG SQ qdG207

(lqFGKEG lJ) oIQSGh oqdG - oeqdG SQ qdG213

o qdG obQdG - oSqdG SQ qdG221


6


oI n rM ndGo npHG qdG

lcGh lMQ

4Arabic_G8_F1_T76.indd 7Arabic_G8_F1_T76.indd 7 12/15/14 9:03 AM12/15/14 9:03 AM

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9

oGf

pqsdG

. p udG dEG n qLod kSCG oj . usdG a nI nOQGdG n sdOCGh n n odG mVH o uj . pYdG pI sOdH pegG pY o uj

lIe lMpQ

o qhCG oSQ sdGo p rSG

: u sdG dEG p SG nb

1 . g nMCG ``` qdG pGqdG n```FGa r ocPGh , nIQ qdG p``` seCJ

. o nKsdG odG

2 .. p sdGh pM qd nFGa nHQCG rcPG

: u sdG dEG o SG

: sK , u sdG dEG oSCG

:vjT oLoCG s oK , veY k r na ssdG oaCGh , o scJCG

1 .. pdG pADg nH r nL qdG p udG p oc rPG

2 .. oKqdG odG o nb qdG n ndG pU

3 .? pM udG a odG nLGh qdG oQNCG e

4 .. pSQ sd nNBG kfG oY r nV


10

: u sdG ne ocCG

1 .: usdG ne o rS mH nGdG oCeCG

. pdEG e sc nh qjh , naGgCG nSjh , nhQj o or na p se qdG oZ qeCG , pfSCG ne o or nJ n se sdG raCG sEG

. pSCG peY re

. kLY ndh , lPfEG sdhCG nSEG sEG2 .: pJBG p odG a dEG pQ odG pd nSdG r ndG oQNCG

. pdG a GdBJ.G qJ GHJ GhO qJ G qHJ GaQJ

. pI uKDdG pJH p sdG pYGPEG a o oj qdG odG oa. o Qj o uj oYj Q oj oQj

. pGMCG pg pe a lLGh nSGMG sdh. nj pdG n r ndG nSG pdG n nr ndG ndG

3 .: pJBG pGQdG a (H pQ) pd nSdG r ndG ocCG

.(60 :```jBG ```fCG) | } :```d nJ o G n```b.

. oWHQ nfG nM p nH r pdG oAe nfG . p sdH pb nY o G nHQ . pTCdG oHGQ NCG


11

: pf qdG pI s ndG a u sdG n pe o o rS d r na o uYoCG

.CG:JrC nj e ouYCG

. pM udH pdG nb psdG n sgCG

. p sdhCG paSEG nJEG

. pj sdG pbd pj r pdG phCG pI ndG pGSG ntJ

.. psdGh pdG a udG pSCG pG o oN pdEG oSG qe oSCG

1 .. p ndG a mdH o sdG nCGH

.2

.3

.4

: u sdG n nZnH o sh n nJnCG

1 .:JBG p nh nrdG n ra nh p n pfqdG pI n r pdG a pdEG o rSG qe n sFfEG ndSCG oSCG

tFfEG oSCGo oVZ


12

2 .: p n pJBG pcGsdG a p nf sdG pdG nH nb ndG o uVhCG

. n odG pAahCG ne Gfc ( )

. p r ndGh u ndG dEG lMQ o nd rfc p sdGh pH qdG ah ( )

.d pOGYEG dEG GafG pAGdG obh nM qdh ( )

3 .: n sd nrdG o n nX nh G kcGP ,JC nj a p sdG nY tOCG

p sdG a eh , pAG ndG p sb pQh , pAdG pHh oYh p Q sdG pI oH G nd. mA nHh mYh nQ r pe

: sCG o scJCG

p sdG ne pr nnUdG o``` oaG nJ n og : n``` sdG

, oNCG o```dG ngh mMGh m``` nM nY

pYCG s osdG{ : p G pSQ ob ``` odeh

z kn nJ k p r oe p rYnCGh , kn nN k p r oe

eh QdG LNCG

: o nAH o pcCGh , u sdG n f o sJCG

.CG:e , psdG pGQ ne p nJ a pM udG nKCG o qcDJ m sdOCG nI qY oJdG n nc nP

osdG o qeC sdG oMdG

. pjQsdG oHc oS nQ odGh osdG o p rS pGh odG

: nd pH osj a oJdG g nOQhCG qdG n sdOCGh n n ordG Fe oR ne o u nboCG

oQdGp paGJ oLQO

lIcl qSelIU

1. r nH a pdG nhJ o p r oj e oJdG ncP2. p G pU a p tsdGh p qeC sdG p sgCG Y oJdG n scCG3. pANCG ne ntsdG oJdG nZCG4. psdG a pM odG nQ rh nO o ucDJ ngGHh k sd pOnCG o pJdG n s nb5. pjsdGh pdG nY p sdOCG a oJdG nYG6. n sWdG n sdOCGh n odG oJdG n sXh7. pSQ odGh psdH os nJ mJh nFM oJdG n sb8. p n oM pYd ; p G pSQ njOMCG oJdG nOQhCG


13

.: nY Y r ne pOGaCG ne ohJCG

:SQ qdG Ve rY mHLCG Y pd ; qU a iNCG mYe dEG mSCG pLJ

(lI oe lMQ)

pM udG oe

: o shCG oGD tdG

:fqdG oGD tdG

: o pdqdG oGD tdG

pM udG oGMCG

: o shCG oGD tdG

:fqdG oGD tdG

: o pdqdG oGD tdG

pnM udG oFGa

: o shCG oGD tdG

:fqdG oGD tdG

: o pdqdG oGD tdG


14

: ouWoCG

1 .: usdG pee r na pA nV nY

a k qVe ;(jQGcCG) phCG p sjdG pVGMCG pIQjR a ZQ rY a o qYCG ue dEG kdSQ ocCG. pSQdG a Fe oR ne pM udG H pdG nAKCG qWCS qdG udG pSCG pG o oN


15

oGf

ppqqdG

. oo` u noj nh s udG ssdG o n r nj . p rs pd n s pFjpEG p qdG o p r n r nj . p rHnCG a nI nO pQGrdG n pf nrdG nh n s p nW n rdG n n p rdG op rn r nj . n rHnCG o n r nj

tpH n n rdG o n rdG

qdG oSQ sdGo qdG

: u sdG n rnf

:vjT oLoCG s oK , n s pjQqdG nn udG oCG n rb nCG nh , p r nJ nQ tdG o se nC nJnCG1 ..dhoCG pI nQ qdG a u pH n ndG p ndG n nh oO oO u nYoCG

2 .? p nh tdG n ng nr nH o pH r nJ sdG oc r odG ob ndG e

3 .? o n pfqdG oI nQ qdG oe rJ nEG

4 .. pr nJ nQ qdG n r nH o pH rQnCG


16

: l s pj pQJ l n pU

odhO n pg , u pH n ndG prdG ``` nY t poJ m nh oO u pS r pe l nf s n oe l s p rb pEG l n s n oe p``` s pH n n rdG p nrdG p nh o pd p oh```qdG o``` p r ne

odhO nh , n n nb odhO nh , n oY o n nr nS nh , o sj pO tdG o qHdG o```dG nh , p rj n r n rdG oe nh , oIqdG o qHdG oGQ``èpEG

. prj n o rdG

p sj pO tdG p``` s pH n ndG p nn r n rdG p``` n pUY a p p n r o rdG p ``` p rL pH ,(1981 n```Y je 25)``à o``` p r nrdG n``` sSnC nJ

r n pMU o G o n pM nQ- p``` tdG p n rM nCG o pHL o r sdG nh n``` r nf pBG nr oS o rH o pjGR o``` r sdG nc nh ( p```Vj udG). p pF rfpEG pI n r pa

pWG oe n r nH p ohsdG p oL rhnCG nh p udG nh p pHGh sdG p r nJ nY pp r nr pd u pSSnCG p u pd o n pHG qdG oI sOrdG p n scnCG rbh

p nh tdG n r nH o pH r nj e nY r nO s nT sdG u pSSnCG p udG p nLjO ``à k n pVGh on n r o rdG r nAL nh , p``` p r nrdG p nh oO

p nrd pH ljpEG nh , o s pe rSpEG oI n n rdG oSSnCG m n pH n oe m``` n prfnCG nh , m nc n n r oe m pS nh , m sUN mb nY r pe u``` udG

. p s pH n n rdG p ueoC pd n n pe qdG nG rgnCG o p r nj sfEG n r nH a n ohsdG s nCG nh , p n nrdG pI n rM nh nh p nn r odG

. sdG s n oe o n rMnCG : p pY qdG oI nM

. pj n odG a p sj p r p rdG p n r sdG pOG qh oQ o nMnCG n og nh(1919) nY n pd oh , w p rj n oc l pYT nh ljOnCG p sedG p n r nr pd kH n n r oe G k``` r oY n u oY nh ,(1962) nY p rYpEG pI nQGR n``` pd kc nh o o r nJ r pe n pU ne nI s``` pY ``` qd n nJ

.(1965) nY p s pL pQrdG pI nQGR pH u pH n n rdG p nrdG nh p nr pd

. mG n nS p r nY nI s oe p u pH nOnCG pG n nJrD odG dpEG g p ra nh oF nQ nh ,nd tdG oenCG nh nq p rj n o rdG pAH nOoCG p n pHGQ o r oY , l r ne m r pT oGjO o nd nh , p n rdG u pH n n rdG p``` nW ndG n pe lj pM , p n n rdG p n od p na p r ne a o nn r odG : p``` pJsdnD oe r``` pe

. p s pasdG ( qH ndG) ps n ne pQG rUpEG a l nc lQ rh nO o nd nc nh

.(2010) pY r pe n o r oZnCG p r nT a n ua o oJ


17

: t sdG

1 .G```` `` `` na ````````````` r````` n````` n`` rfnCG p r``````````` o``` rdG o``````` seCG

2 .l````` r````` nf o````` o````` u`` n`` oJ `` ``` ``` sdG o`` `` s`` `` ``` dG nh

3 .r`` p``dG i```` nd n`````` nf r`````` nd nh , l r``````` oY o``` r``` nf

4 .````f rh n```` nZ `` ``` q`` nM o`````````` o``` rdG ```````` rJ n```` sM nh

5 .r ``````dG o`````` nN n```` ````` rfnCG pI```````````HoCG n````````` nN `````j

6 .```````g rRnCG ````` o````````j`` nJ `` ``` ````` sdG oQ``````````t```````dGh

7 .r `` ``` `` s`` `` dG n````````` pd nP r`` o`` ``` t`` oc t````````` p````S````fnCG nh

8 .````r ``` nj r````` nd nh r`` ``` nb`` ``ànCG r`` ``` nb o` `` ` `` `` j` n` `` dGh

9 .r``` ```` u``` na nh nrCG n``````````````` nH ```` ``` nc ```g r``` ```` pYnC``` ```` na

p`````````` r````` nb r````````` pe nGP nh , x````````` n```` ne r````````` pe

`` f`` `` o`` ``` rdG p````````````` n```` rdG `````````dpEG l`` `` ``` `` ``` nM

pG```` r```` n```` rdG ```à n`````````è n``````````` rc nCG i```` p````S pO

p` `` ` `` `` `` r` `` o` `` rd` `` nc p``````ò `````dG p```````` rfnCG n``````` rZ nQ

p``è s```````dG p````j```` nb r``` p```è n``````` u````` o``S p r``` ```` o``` `

p`````````` ne snCG o```` ````` `````j```` nJ mQ```````````````` oK r````````` pe

p`` ````` jpEG p`` `` pd` ``N r`` ``` pe ` `` s` `` n`` o` `` dG o``````

p` `` ` `` r` `` o` `` dG nh p`````j u```````p```d l` `` ` ` `` n` S n` `` `` `` `` `

pG```` r```` o````````` rdG nh p`` ``` `` ``` o`` ``` ``` rdG ``` a k`` n```` ``` r`` ``` nf

: veY k r na s sdG o n ranCG

1 .? usdG G ng a o pY qdG o pn r nj n pH

2 .? o pY qdG o o n nU nh n pHh ? kjb n n n rdG n sM nh sdG e

3 .? n s pH n n rdG o n seoCG o pY qdG t onj nY

4 .. uqd nNBG kfG r oY o nVnCG

: u sdG n n r oe o p n rcnCG

1 .: mI n oe mn r oL a n nf sn o rdG n n p n rdG o uX nhoCG

. l``````` r` nf o o`````` u n oJ `` sdG o s`dG nh : on r odG


18

. o ordG rJ n sM nh : on r odG

. p r` o``dG n```` nN n` rfnCG pI`HoCG n` nN `j : on r odG

. p ne sCG ojnJ : on r odG

2 .:n r nJ x nN p rV r pH n n sdG n nHLpEG oQ rNnCG

. o ndG o ndG o r sdG o r n dG :( p sdG) t pV .Qr ne r nK nK pZK :( pQK) oOe

3 .. n n r ordG ke p rn r oe ( o r o rdG/ o p nrdG) p np n rdG r ne n r nH e nR n ne p ohsdH o uaCG

:( p p nrdG) r ne

:( p r odG) r ne

4 ..F rfpEG r pe mn r oL a uXhCG s oK ,( qSfCG) p n p nc r ne r nY pLdG p n r odG a o p rcnCG

: p n p n rdG r ne

: on r odG

5 .. p nH pc n n nS ku n oe , mI nQ r ne m pdnC pH ke r ne k rSG p peqdG pr n rdG n pe o p rn rSnCG s oK , n s pF repEG nI n pFdG oCG n rbnCG

: oQ r ndG o rSG

: o n sdG


19

: l q pFeEG lI npFa

: mAj pI nQU nY pA rSnCG a oI nQ r nrdG o pdnCG on r oJ

.i og , na : nr pe , mAj r nY o o pdnCG o n p n r odG u pKtdG p rSG a . n r oe ,nr oe ,ihrC ne : nr pe , mA pH o o pd nCG r n r oJ r nd GPpEG m o rMnCG p nKnK r pe p n rcnCG p rSG a

: u spd r na o uYoCG

1 .: snCG nY p rHnCG n pe o ud nOoCG

. r p p oJ nJ nh p n n rdG pI n rM nh r pe r nOGR r nb n n prdG nh nQ rNnCG

. pjQqdG p r na o r oe w pH n nY n ndG

.s oc u nH n n rdG p nrdG p nh oO pI nM n paG ne rndW r nb n n r sdG

. r p pfW rhnCG pI s pY nh r p p sj u oM p nS a m nf nh mZ u o pH n t noj n n ndG

2 .: ou nYoCG

.CG. r p p ndUCGh pdG p nO pI n rM nh nY pcCd pH nI n ndG p pY qdG nAG rHG

.. p nY rh sdG nh p nrd pH p nrdG nQ oK n rU nh


20

3 .:e nR n ne p ohsd pH o p rcoCG

: p pY qdG prCG nQ a p s pH n n rdG p seoCG pA rHnCG n r nH p pHGh sdG n pe . . . .

: p pY qdG n s p r nT r n n nU sdG p s p nW ndG p n pdG n pe . . .

4 .: p s pFjpEG p p nd n pH nr n rdG o pUnCG

o rHnCGo s pFjpEG o nd udG

p````````````````` r` nb r` pe nGP nh , x`````` n ne r` pe G` n```` na ``` r` n` nrfnCG p r`````````````` o rdG o seCG

p nh oO p n r n r o pH ooDh`` s`dG

. p nrdG

p`````` r` o` rd` nc p`` odG prfnCG n````````````` rZ nQ f rh n` nZ `q nM o`````` ordG rJ n sM nh `` nY o```````` nd nCG nh o r``` o```dG

. p pF ndG

p`jpEG p` pd`N r` pe ` s` n o`dG o`` r``` s`dG n` pd nP r````` o t` oc t` pS`fnCG nh

p n`` n`` rdG p```` ob oA```` n``U

.gDh nf nh

pG`````````````` r o` rdG nh p`` o`` rdG ```a k`` n`````` r`` nf r` u`````````````` na nh n rCG n` nH ` nc ````g r```` pYnC` na p``` seoCG pGh n`` n`` pH o ```` rWnCG

. pf pc oG r p rSGh p s pH n n rdG

. r ooHG nJ nh p ndG o ndUnCG


21

5 .: p pY qdG n r nb nh o o p r nj e p rHnCG n pe pg

l````` nW nh o``` t``` oc p```` nHh```` o```` rdG o``````` nW nho` p` n` r` nJ o`````H oQ n`` r`` nH n`` r`` nX , n```` nd

mn``````` nH ````dpEG m`` n`` nH r``` pe o` ` ` r ` nJo n``````` n rdG nh o r`````` n rdG n``````` r pe oh``` r nj


1 ..Q p rNG ou pY oCG nh , n n rLnCG n rqdG oQ rNnCG

. o odG rJ n sM nh . o odG r n s nL

: l s pZnH lI nAVEG

: sCG r sc nnJ

, m scnD oe n r nZ t p n nrdG oc rsdG JrC nj r nb nh , nj rsdG phnCG nj rsdG pa o nrdG o p n r nj sdG n og s p n nrdG nc rsdG - snCG - spEG) : n pg nh , pc rsdG pGh nO

nCG i``` rM pE pH G k sc nD oe J rC nj r nb nh ,(``` r` n` nrfnCG p r```````` o rdG o se oCG) : p pY qdG p r nb n``` r nf

.( r` nb`anCG r` nb o````````j` n`dG) : p pY qdG o r nb pI n nrdG a pI n scnD odG pcGsdG pn p renCG r pe nh ,(` nd - r n nd - r nb

n p nsdG pn sdG o G``` rfnCG o n r nJ nh , n```j rsdG ph nCG nj rsdG p```a o nrdG o p n r nj ``` sdG n og : q```FfEG ```csdG. n tdGh nAG udG nh n r p rSG nh n r sdG nh n re

nCG nh n pL nsdG nh


22

tpF rfpEG oc r sdGo o nd pO

f rh n` nZ `q nM o` ordG rJ n sM nh

p```` r` o` rd` nc p`` odG prfnCG n rZ nQ

. o t nsdG

. o r sdG

. oQ r p rSG

. q nqdG

p r` o`` rdG o```` nN n` rfnCG pI`HoCG n` nN `j

. o rsdG nh o r ndG

. o t nsdG nh o n rg sdG

. oAL sdG nh q nsdG

. pI n r sdG on nW nh o nK p rSG

k`` n````` r`` nf r` u na nh n rCG n` nH ` nc ````g r```` pYnC` na

. oS pdG

. oOT rQpEG nh o rtdG

. o t nsdG nh o nj p r tdG

. o t nsdG nh oG r p rSG

2 .: p p nd n pH s pF rfpEG nc rsdG e nR nh o pUnCG s oK , n s pZn rdG nI nAVpEG oCG n rbnCG

3 .. usdG nY p sj p n ndG pcGsdG n nn nZ e nR nh ou nYoCG

4 .: p nh r nrdG n ra nh p rHnCG a p nf sn o rdG pp nr pd n s pFjpEG n nd sdG o uVhoCG

: o`` o` u n oJ

: l nM

`````` r` nf o``` `` o``` u` n` oJ ``` sdG o`` `` s`` `` dG nh`````f o` rdG p`````````` nrdG ```dpEG l````` nM l````` .CG


23

5 .: oLoCG s oK , nJBG nr n rdG oCG n rbnCG

`` f rh n`` nZ ` q ````` nM o```` o`` rdG `````` rJ n``` sM nhp``````` r` or `d` nc p````````` odG p`````` rfnCG n````` rZ nQ

?g p tM n nJ a n n n rdG o pY qdG n s nT n pH .CG

. p rj n r sdG pc a p or pd o pY qdG n nS nQ sdG n sfdG nI nQ qdG p uV nh.

?(f rh n` nZ) : p pd r nb a o sdG oO nj n nY.

.F rfpEG r pe mj nL m pS a ( p`` odG rfnCG) : pY qdG n r nb o uX nhoCG.O

6 .. pH n pHYpEG n n nS k u n oe , nr n n rY nCG kI nQU n s nnJ k r nH pI n nrdG n pe pg

: oQ`t`dGh

:` o``j nJ

````g rRnCG ``` o` `` ``j` nJ ``` ``` `` sdG oQ` ` `` t` `` dGhp````````` ne snCG o``````````j```` nJ mQ```````````` oK r```````` pe .


24

: uYCG

p r nb r pe o o n ranCG pH nh , pI nrdG a nAL ``` pH G k pT r n r oe , pO sdG pp pH nh , p s pH n n rdG seoC pH RG p rYG p``` nY o``` u nYoCG: p pY qdG

l`````` nW nh ``` d p r````` o````` dG o ````````` oH oQ p `````` oH t``````dG t`````` oc

l```` nb s```` n```` oe l````` `````````` rfnCG o`````` pL r`````` nJ pO``` s`````` ``` pd

kI n``` pd``` nN oO`` s```` dG ``` n``` r``` nJ nh oQ`` o```` o``dG `` n`` r`` nJ

p p``` n``` r``` oe nh `` n`` r`` pe m` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` p` n` r` oe n``` r``` nH ``` ne

pnCG nh mI s` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` nH xoCG o``` n`````` ranCG oO`` s`` `` d`` na

p`` p```` n`` r `` oe pQG q````````dG p````j p```` nZ p```r``` n``` pH `` k`` n``T


25

: u sdG n pe o n rHnCG

: p nh r nrdG n ra nh , oodG rbnCG nh - o G o n pM nQ - mjGR p r sdG o n oN r n s nnJ sdG p s pH n ndG p seoCG n pHGh nQ o uUCG

: o` qdG o nMQ - mjGR p qdG pGbCG re

p spH n n rdG p seoCG opHGh nQ

o n tdGo s pH n n rdG

o ndGo n n r odG

oI n rM nhpV rQnCG

oBG nh oeBGo nc n r odG

o s pH n n rdG o seoCG o o nJ m nRrC ne unCG r pe ph or pd nM n rdG s nrdG spEG{

.z l pMGh n n nrdG snC p ; podnJ a o o r nj

or nM , k pdY p nrdG n rS pG orj nCG nQ nh , n s pH n n rdG n nh t```dG o rQ oR r n nd{

.z nI n ndG neBG n og ofG rNpEG p rn nY ou n oj

oj qdG ``` n r nH o uM n oj p``` s pH n n rdG p``` se oCG n``` pe lA r``` oL ``` n nd rh nO spEG{

.z o n tdG nh ojQqdG nh

s pH n n rdG n nW nh nh n n n r pe o pLGoJ sdG n n nrdG nh tdG spEG{

pO ordG nh pb qdG n``` r nM nh , p pbG nrdG p``` r nJ nI nOY pEG o```s nn nJ

.z p n nLG o pd

GPpEG nh , pAG q``` sdG nh pAG q sdG ``à l pMGh f o ne ``` k nL o rnf{

nY oQ n``` sdG G ng n``` n n rf pG pQ``` rbnCG n``` nMnCG oQ n``` sdG n``ÙnCG

.z p nrdG

p na nrdG n r oH sEG , p nrdG dpEG prdG n pe lI n pMGh f nO pH spEG{

k pFM G k nHnCG n``` p nj rnd pb p r ne nh p``` s pH n n rdG p se oCG p p``` r ne n``` r nH

.z pJuJG nenCG

n pe p rS oh ``à e s oc o n r nf p ndG p``` pWT nY og ``` sfEG{

n p n r nf nh , n pfe nCG nh ndeBG n s pH n ndG n seoCG n pQof q nM , p r ordG

.z p s pH n n rdG p seoCG p r p pd k u n oe G kA r oL n o rfnCG

s oc t o nj p n rMnCG p r n rdG nY ps p ordG p s pH n n rdG p nh tdG n``` renCG sEG{

.z p nrdG dpEG p ordG n pe , p s pH n n rdG p nh tdG

og, m nc n n r oe m s pH n nY mS n neb pEG nh s pO``` p rbG n oesdG spEG{

r o nJ r nd ``` sdG p s pH n n rdG pI n``` rM nr pd t prdG nh t``` p n n rdG o``` nN r nrdG

.z m ne nh mQ n nb n nd nC r ne r n n rUnCG r nH , o r n na k s p r nM kI nQh nV


26


27

oGf

qqdG . nH oVjh , pSJ ieh psdOCG n f oO uoj . tNG qdG oqJGh o ssdG odG oM e ssdG o uj

mLe oH oMCG

odqdG oSQ sdGoIAGdG

: u sdG nf

:JBG pSCG pY oLCG sK , nH qdG nQ qdG o seCJCG

1 .. n sLQdG mLe pH nMCG nee oUCG

2 .? kjb pGQeEG oQ qoJ dEG nHCG sdG oh tdG e

3 .. pQHEGh pdG nf QT rY o sJCG


28

d nC sg e ; oA r pdG o``à qdG pdG oe o p rJh ,```H oJ mL nWGH f pOH ```Y o q G n``` n rfCG

; pdG Y - VdG a - uObG o p pWf a nhj n``` tdG nLh ,kjMh kjb kbe r ne k```fe

pAHCG reh r``` oe nRHh ,(lI n ne n```M qe) rsfCH n```N qQDdG o n nUh ``` qM , r p pbRQ oQ``èh r``` ogoDhGZ p``à

( pdG pSCGQ) nQ pL a nd oh qdG ,( mLe oH o```MCG pj udG oT) pdG oSnCGh nMdG o```T pGQ``èEG

pIS oCG e oQj gh , p qjdG pdGh pd o nJM nghh ,( pId m```fKh nKKh mfK) `g838 n```Y

p pHQJ r pe nO``àCGh , pjjnCG Y sHJ n```dd ,G kQe kM qe o tLh ,``` kahe kf sH oQ oHCG nc ``à , n```HHQ

. p qjdG p pJNh

pdH mjGQ pO Y n ogh , p qjdG pMdG pdHh , p``` qdH lN lge lQ sH mLe oHG p```dG o```SnCGh

. p pFGNh pJGhOCGh pM pdG pBG re mc p r oU a odG oOj pdEGh , p peYh p pUGYh

o oJ pN o r se ra , pMd n qdG nSoCG nVh k pdYh ,G k```jb kM qe p pfc dEG mLe pHG oIT o```LJh

: oc g oTCG ,G k```Th G kf peYh pdG a kHc n```HQCGh mqS rY ojj e pdCJ r``è o```j qdG o``` qjdG

.z pYGdGh pdG pUoCG a oFGdG{

M nj a , pjQqdG p``Ù ah , pQdG paBG ``à kdY p pOH nSG naQ qdG m```Le oH o```MCG ```dP

, ke p qjdGh p``` qjdG pMdG ``à GYa , pQdG p```T pcCG o```g uL pT re k``` q pgh ``` kMW oO```MCG

.L pdGh pdGh pGQdG a p sdG n n nb GhRojh

. p p neh p uHd ke mLe oHG nc c , r uHd Gjh , ndc Gfj rnCG Lf

re lV p qdG ``à nsfEa , nIQ qdG n``` nJ rCG ndG n rcQ GPEG n```Y jh{ : p``` pHc a p``` pdGbCG r``èh

.z p pcP rY r o r nJ a - sLh sY - QdG pVCG

: t sdG


29

``` `` `` n`dG nC``````````````````f nCG p` `` `` `` q` `` d o` r `` ` `` `` ` dG

p``` pa`````ÙhCG r````Y o```` o```````` rdnCG p``` s``` nc ```b

r``` n``` n```Sh m`` ``````Ù ``` a o```````` dEG `` s```Ù

p````````bC````H o``` T``` ``` t``` dG pQGO ```è

` `` `` ``Yh ``d``````````J s`````L m n``` n``````````Y r`````` pe

p`` pa````dnCG r````` pe p``````dG `à i```f r````` nch

r` n`` n`dG p``````N odG u`` s` dG ``Y

p`` `` `` `` q` ` d` H o```````````````f q```dG p```` ````gGh

: oodb , pT eh

p pH kaGYG p```dG dEG GLN e o nd n oY r nj p```dG a pdG ogCG oGj e , pGQ``èEG pYnCG r pe l``` n nY G```g

. p pMUh

: keY ka s sdG oaCG

1 .:vjT oLCG

.CG?GPdh ? pdG nAHCG nN uQDdG nUh nH

.?eh ? mLe oHG ndh njCG

.?oYGHh mLe pHG oIQb osJ na

2 .: oSj H ocoCG , ssdG a pAV Y

.CG. h `H mLe oHG n uod

.. h :g mLe oHG oe nOaCG psdG p s sdG

.. oc mLe pHG psdDe re

: u sdG ne ocCG

1 .:FfEG re mL a o oVCG sK , mOe dEG wN o nJ dG n sdG o uMCG

. pQdG paBG a kdY pOH nSG mLe oHG naQ


30

p paUhCG r`Y odCG psc r`bp padCG e pdG a if rch

p``bC`H oTtdG pQGO `ep sdH o``f t``dG p````gGh

2 .:JCj qe pSdG pdH ndqdG pZGdG oCeCG

d ne jGQ pO bee

CdG rs nc p n pT

.CG. pdG oI rnfh p sdG oGcEG : pdG re

.. pddG phO nH kfe pGQeEG odhO tJ

.. pjsdG pIc re nGj

.O. pAY tdH pdG nj tcCG oJJ

.`g. pI sY nY pGQeEG pdhO nNO oFG qdG oj

.h. pjhOCGh pVGeCH m seJ Y ogdG o qdG


31

: u sd a o uYCG

.CG:JCj e ouYCG

1 .. p sjdG pdGh pdH mLe pHG ndh

2 .. pdG dEG pLh oN nM mLe pH pdG pgCG nAYO

3 .. sLh sY - p H mLe pHG pjEG nY

.: p sdG pZ pIQdG neCG () nIQTEGh , p sdG pIQdG neCG () nIQTEG oVCG

. p sjObG pIdG Y lKCG pdG pWGT pd nc

. p sMdG o pJG pNh p pJSCG pOGanCG pQJ re nj rCG mLe oHG naQ

. pdG pY a kHc nHQCG nh m sS rY ojj e mLe oHG nsdCG

. kIjL nFGNh mBG pMd mLe oHG nVCG

..dEG Yj sdG pdG sgCG oSCG sK , mtH usdG a nOQGdG mLe pHG nT oCGbCG


32

.O: nsdOCG ouMCG

1 . pIFdH G kTe o nYf o uHCGh , usdG ne kdO pJBG mLe pH nMCG pU re mU ud o```SCG

: pJBG p qHOCG

: l s pH nOnCG lI npFa

:eh , usdG p n pa ne oSj H o sdOCG o sJ

1 .. p sdG p odGh pdG Y oJ rJ : l sY lsdOCG

2 .. pIQKCdG pGbCG hCG , p sj udG pgG sdG hnCG , pj sdG pjdG hnCG , pjdG pBGdG ne lde : l sf l sdOCG

3 .. p pYeh qdG pGLh a o uKDJ : l sWY lsdOCG

o udGod sdGpd sdG o f

1 Y oUdGh - dJ - p G ne o ndG

. oe p usdG

re lV p``` sdG ```a nsfEa : o``` odb

. p pcP rY rJ a QdG pVCG. wWY ldO

2. pdG t oM nh pasdG o nS

3. pdG uMh pQHG pGQe oeG

4 a p r sdGh p t```sdG pRGMEG Y o```UdG

. pdG pe


33

2 .?GPdh ? pdG nY mLe HG pcG a kJ ocCG pJBG pd qdG tCG

.CG.(G kQe kM qe o tLh , kahe kf qH oQ oHCG nc ra , nHH nQ pISCG re mLe oHG oQ pj)

..( p sjdG pJGNh pHQJ re nOaCGh , p u nLh pHCG nj Y mLe oHG qHJ)

3 .. pdG nah pQdG nY mLe pHG pJ Y pdO usdG ne oSCG

: psdGh pHsdG pN e pQdG nY p pJ Y ldO

: pgdG pN re pQdG nY p pJ Y ldO

? pd sdG pjg nH pSsdG ie e

4 .. oa qdG pdG oe oJh ,H oJ mL nWGH f pOH Y o G nfCG

:JCj qe xc Y Jee re kdO ocCG .CG.f pOH pIQM pAH a g oQhOh , ojdGh ojdG p G o n pf

.. uObG p sdG pQgORG a og oKCGh , pdh sdG pWGT oL


34

: u sdG nAH ocCG

1 .:JBG p qdG nah pdG nUY o uUoCG

2 .: pJBG pjsdG pU n ra nh usdG n pH o uboCG

oQdGp paGJ oLQO

lIcl uSelIU

1.(lJNh lVYh le qe) lIaGe pdG oUY

2. lHG qLh lIe oe qdG

3. pF sdG p n pd k se nUJ o uj oVdG

4. ooHGJh p n pdG oVh

5. p Vd lSe oJdG

6. lSe o s sdGh o sdG o sdOCG

7. n sFfEG ndSCG oJ usdG od

8. usdG p n pd l uVe o ufdG oQ tdG

9. pQHGh p GHEd lIYO pdG a

mLe oHG

oe qdGoF qdG pdG o n paoJdG

1 .

2 .

3 .


35

: u sdG nZH o shJCG

1 .: psdG nah JCj a n sfdG nQ tdG ouMCG

.CG. pjQqdG pU a kdY p pOH nSG naQ

pIQSG pS Y p pJU re mU Y HCGh , pH n sdG nMh , kdY oaoj mn nH p sdG nSG n``` sT

. p pOH pad mLe oHG ne sb sdG pGRfEG p sgCH oIQ qdG pg MJh , p udG

.. ndG nWGT pdG oe oJ

.. pd o nJM mLe oHG ngh

2 .: pJBG pdG a psdG ne nIQSG o ueCG

.CG.L pdGh pGQdGh pQdG p oY a p sdG n nb pdG ogCG nRMCG

..QdG pVCG re lV p sdG a nsfEG

.. pMd r pLhN nM pdG pSC pdG ogCG Yj

3 .:FfEG re mL a xM mSG dEG pf sdG pd sRdG nSG o uMCG

. p sjdG pdGh pd o nJM ngh

. kdY p pOH nSG naQ mLe oH oMCG

: o scJCG

odSG ng pd tRdG oSG

. od rVh e pZ a


36

: mH mUH pY ojW

njd r ndh , m```FZ mj ``à pAG sdG a n``` njW n rVCG n``` sfCG r``` sJ

, lIHEG , lN , mqa ob) pdG pGhOCG oH n pJRH sfEGh , l``ÙH

.( lc , lW , lWe , me oLLR

? pGhOCG pg pH pGSH n pguJG Y tS nc1 .: oeSCS sdG oGhOCG

2 .: o sJCS sdG oGdG

3 .:dEG o sUJ sdG o sdG

: pdG uM nIQe ocCG

: lY lIFa

n``ÙdG o```dG o```dG n ```NG

, nY nedG pdG ``à n sWdG

o``ÙdGh . p```Md o```J r```fch

Y lQO```b l```S qM w```We lR```L

p```VQCG p```b p``` uJG ```dEG pIQ```TEG

tj p```ddG ``àh , u```HdGh u```d sdG

mI```HEG hCG m```jT r``è p``ÙdG o```YU

pQdG Y kAH m sjH o sJ me

Y lIQOb na dqdHh , pFG sdG a hCG

. pdGh p sdG puJG dEG pIQTEG


37

oGf

qqdG

. onCGb xd p sUdG p p n o pH kJ o u n oj . k se mJh kFQ G k pa ssdG o uj . p p n o pH n n pdG oj nj qCGh , usd k```ec ka p pVY a ou n n odG o``` pj

. u p sdG pVdG Y

x pOS xnf o r nJ

oHG qdG oSQ sdG( x nT mVY oJ) o nKnOoG

: lI nAVEG

,e meCG Y pOSG hCG ,e mbe pjd njNBd m n nM rh nCG m n pbGh pOS dEG nL oe n o rfnCG o pnf e G kc

re o rS hCG , p p r oU a rcQTh , o nKGMCG r njY kbGh kM odG oj bh , p eEGh p n psdG pO s```e hCG

. pR udG a of r ngT hCG , pJGAGb re oM hCG ,f pZ

? usdG p S dEG o oH pJh n pe qdG o u oJ nc rd


38

: u p n sdG pVdG nb

1 . pI nFdH G kT r oe k ue kIAGb , qdG p qe uJGQeEG pJd ( kej 22 a pddG nM) pMQ sf oCGbCG

. p qsdG a pM udG pOCG pS n s n nJC ; p s pHOCG

2 .:JCj e kYGe o o undoCG nh ( n odG oJ Odg) sf oCGbCG

.CG. p n pH sdG pShQ tdG a oaY qdG psdG psJGSEG

.: ojh , pM udG pOCG nUY

.( n pF qdG nSG) nsdG . ndGh ne qdG . pY prfG . pG odG nUh .aG odG . pGg odG nFY .( pdG pGOY) n rLG


: pnM udG pOCG oS

p nHGdGh p sbGdH o nHdG o ps nJh , pGdG nY p pQSCG n pN ljOCG o oj , meH l nN sQDe l sj pf lG```g oe)

. pF qdG uO sdG uUdG pSCGh

aGdG GRdG Y Uf.O


39

, qdG qe u```JGQeEG pJd (``` kej 22 a pddG n```M) nMQ oCG```bCG

.a pM udG p pUY pH peh

ke r nj 22 a pnd n rdG n r nM

nY nKqdGh p```SO qdG p pH qdG a ```J n r oM r pe ornWCG n```fCG rnCG n```b

nr nc o r ng nT nh , mP``` qNCG m n pH g oQG rfnCG oC nrC n``` n nJ sdG ( nIQ``àS) p``` nj ne

o pW r nJ nh , oQtdG a o n r nJ mI n``` nU mI nj nL r pe o nj nrdG nr pJ rQ s``` n nJ

p o ordG nb rQnCG o nJ nh r nH , o pQoJ m nj ne dpEG o s pFG p rSG oJ sdGh oVG renC rG

psndG n s pb o``` nj n rdG o s pH n n rdG ``` of o oe ou no nS ne o``` rdA nJ nh , p``` sHhQ rhnC rG

!? n peeCG nI n pg qdG u pf rfpE rG

, pI sQ nrdG p nJc tdG n``` pe kHc nh p s pFG p rSG p``` pcG ndG n pe G kQ rapEG o``` rd nh nJ

p nr oe dEG o```g nP , l r ne o``` s p nd nh , wQM t``` nrdG , p o r o rdG n``` pe o rL n nN s``` oK

h nCG u```dfddG pRG``` udG ```Y n``` og nh ; pIQ```WGeEG hnCG (```jeEG)

p o rdG pV r n pd ``` vd nM n u oN nh ,1965 n```Y n p oH r nb nh , n```jQ r p rS pG

, u pQ ndG o pV pH p``` sf tdG p sjcnC rG pA``` rHnCG prH n pd ; p s p qdG pQ```KBG nh

. ps u na pV p r ne pa o rg nT r nb nh

,(OQJQhCG) p Q```T a m sjQ pJ m q``è pI s pY a od snJ p``` ndG ``à

ojQudG ocGdG p pfL Y t n rnJ o nM , p njdG a m pQT t ngnCG n og nh

; p sjqdG p sj pdG p```Ld kV p r ne g p nMnCG ``à ogT nh ,i odG

p sa sdG p```n odG nh p sdG p```L tdG pYCGh p``` sStdG pZdG p``` r pe

p sH n rdG SdG o``Ù nc nh , p sj r pdG p``` s odG p rb nCG nh pI``` sdG

! p nHhd pH pcdG sL oC r nj psdG pILCG p nMnCG re o pj qdG

.( o pF sdG o rSG) osdG

. n ndGh ne qdG k u nn oe

, pQ``àEG p```Lh oh```J

p```je p```Lh p q```J o``` qeCJh

bQCG o QJ qdG (IQaS)

a o qqdG sK , p qHhQhCG pdG

.(jeEG) p oe

: oYfG

a p qjQqdG p qdG oUh

pVQdGh (OQJQhCG) p QT

o` V p` r` ne ``èh , p`` qjQ```` u``dG

p qjqdG p qjdG pdG

p`Y`` q``d`H o` q```j ```` qdG

``````SdG o ```````Sh , p qjhdG

e pdG p```````````HdG p qHdG

. pcdG


40

: pG ng odG o pFY

pjdG paf iH oQfG

pO tc dP pSCG oVJh

Y p``Vh```dG pèG` ` dG

pà`` q`dG p` ` ` fCG ``d`` oe

p` n`` dGh ``à p```` q``dGh

`dEG o```fG s`K , p qqdG

u` FG` ` ` SG p``` dG p```Ùh

. uWdG pdG pbCGh

(qjQa udG) pYCG p```L pQ r pe mYe n ne s n nJ pA ndG ``à nh

,( nIQaS) ``à pdG nh p udG p``` nY ojdG nQGOh , x```g mUnCG r``` pe

( pUdG) ; pr pe p sedG pceCG a o uNoj qdG n sdG snCG ```fhNC na

p pJdGh p``` sj pQudG p pcGdGh p``` pY ndGh (``` qdG) pQhOh p``` pY ndG nh

o rfEG seCG ,( xQaS) mQhO (500)g oQ r nb m neG pH o nb oj p s pedG

(1000)dEG oJ r nb m neG pH oboj o sfE na p Q sdG a p pJs oe ej qdG

.( xQaS) mQhO

n n nL e p nasdGh p udH os n n nJ i``` rNoCG peGdG n pe ojdG n ogh

- ( o sjQa qdG) o nedG t``` n nJh , pnddG p o oe p nfCG r pe ( nIQ``àS)

p ne n rn rSG p nb nh , p s psdG p``` n nd pH - pYCG pL pQ o nM nCG f n n rNnCG ``` n nc

, p```jsdG p``` sSh , p``` ordG nh n``` q nYGPEGh n``` qfjqdG p```fYEG

a p n ndG nr pJ o``` n oe r n nnf nh , nddG nY peG n dG p``` nVah

!G k t nnJ nh kf t n nJh kLn rfEG n n rcnCG p p r nL nh p sdG pJ

o sc n nJ , tFGSG o n ndG n nbJh ,( nIQaS) pAS a o r ndG n``` nd

gM r n rSG ``` qdG (e SeS) ufEG p```jOC rG pjGh pQ nh n``` n pb

OH n o oe o scnJnCG fCG nh sY o rZCG , p n pW sdG pI n pWdG p pcenC rG nr pJ r pe

. p ndG p nf r pe ndG Gg r ne p oM sdG nd oS nh nfj rO ph nh ndL nh

``à u```W ndG p``` nr o rdG ```dEG o``` ne nh , p``` odG p``` s n oe r``` pe o``` rLN

pjQJ r nY l``` r pb : r pe ; m```bCG nI s pY a o r``` ng nT ,(OQeS) p pQ```T

peS tdG nh p pFGdG nh p njdG p pFK ndG n pe njdG n r nj nh ,( nIQaS)

nc nh , p sdG a p sjQsdG p``` sjQudG p o od lV p r ne pa l r pb nh , pQ```KBGh

pfGdH G kQh``` oe HhQhCG ```dEG p qdG n``` pe vjH pjdG o```jW n``` nUG nJ

. p nahrdG p sH ndG


41

: oJdG

n``è p```jdG p```dG oIQ```jR

p```H qdH oQ```fGh , p```jdG

```Y p```dG u``èSEG

p``` pYQGT pA```SCGh p``` pJQ pY

. p p pLeh

njU odG ( n``` qjQa qdG) n```f qdG p```YC p l``` r pb kjCG n``` og

m sYfGh m s pSc n```H oS pQGeh ``` odSCG o s n n nJ sdG o``` pJeS pH

r pe d nf k``` sU k noJ ``` nj oNBG lb nh , m``` sjjJh m``` sdjSh

.( pSQdG hCG p rdG hCG pdG) pN

n r nH o rL nN s oK , pAG n dG nW ordhJh , o rMSGh , p```dG dEG o r nL nQ

op r nJ nh , pdG p Q```T a ord s n nJ nh , p njdG n pe pjdG p``` r pdG dEG n```dP

n r odG n pe pf s oS o n r oe oM , o s peSEG oAGLCG p pdG nr pJ Y

n pg n og mIQ``` pY o n rLnCG nh , p```dGh nqfhfCGh n``` qjddGh pO```dG

o r nH nh , p pSGdG p p r nHh , p s p ng sdG p p s ob nh , pdG p pfGQ r o pH (S) o p r ne

o pLe o nLJ nh , nOG```Hh nI s oL : n``` r pe m s pH n nY m o``` oe nASCG o p rnJ p QG``` sdG

p p r ne nh ,( nQ``è) ``à n ordG p``` nYL p p r ne n``` r pe lI``Ù i``` rNoCG

. pW qdG p pQT a nWa p sLrdG

ordG q n oe u pJGQepE rG p pJr pd

.1994/4/25

p nOnCG pJ pqJGSEG ``` kYG oe o o undoCGh ,( nr odG o nJ Odg) ``` qdG nIOZ pJdG pMQ snf oCG```bCG

: pM qdG

: nY pVdG a o uc nQoCGh , s oe oVYCG .CG: pdGh pe sdG p o r oYh ( pF sdG p r p rSG) psdG

n ra nh p oJh pGg odG pQ``è ojJ r nj Gd ; pKGMCGh p```M udG p pbGH odGh oe sdG o```Jj. pJdG p rU nh

..( p tdG pOYh p nM r pdGh pdG) aG odG


42

.. nOdg pje a pG ng odG p pFY pUh

.O. pYfG

n odG onJ ( oOdg)

n nMh p ndG nQG```SCG o pJ qdG pI``` sdG (Sfj) pcT ( p```gjSEG) a ( nOdg) ``à nfCG ```g

, pdGdG nAGQh m sF rS pG mMQ a n r nMCG ndW manC p sF udG p n pdG a kjT no n r nJh , n``` sLdqdG

paCG pjH l sUN ( lGQjO) oM ,(SfCG Sd) Y t poj m n nJ r oe Y mST mjM a pr sdHh

,( ptdG oM) ne ,n r nMCG m oe nh maCG re G kA oL nnd ;n pNGO o nM r nJ pB r odG n pe lYe o oR u noJ

.gG pSh ,(J CG)h ( oSdG tdG)h (fc rc)h

, pG rMCG n pe mA r``` o nc p pNG qdG a oJh ,``` qd pAdG p nT qdG n```Hh n nH p rg ndG nQG```L o pJ nfCG ```g

pe tj mjW x``Ù a o p nJ ( p odG dEG oIO```dG) p pa nNGO pn rM udG p``` nY o sf p pdG p```S ```Yh

n pe pYCG hCG pb sdGh p sdG pLh rhCG pdG pVGeCG nUCG oQ u noJ ma oCGJ nfCGh , n nQhO o pn r nJh , pS qdG

- n pH l oe o nb r pdG oT qdGh - pQfG n pe kbO (45) p rnf nHh , pWCG nNO kW o n r nJh , pN tdG

. p s pF n ndG p n nc r ndG a n p n re a op r nJ , keJ me maZ dEG oeh , mg pO dEG o sXdG n oOj

t nJ oOJ no nbQh , n``` pH o pnJJ o nHdGh , pAdG a k p n r oe n```f o pn na , pQGfCG pAWEG n```H o bEG oCG n``` r nj

2015 nS p ne sdG n pLM o pn r nJ nrfCGh n pMQ a pGgCH t o nJh , n nfPoCG t poj p bEG oUh , n p```L r``` pe

, o s nnjh o pnJjh , pQhdG a ohQ``` qdG o oNjh , udG pdG dEG G kFY up n r odG p pdG OGh n``à

Jh ,G kQYe o o``` rnJ mcoH n pNGO o``` n ncdG o poJ nMh , n p``` nH o s n n nJh o```Jh , n oe pY n``` o pdDJh

oOJh oGQUj sdG n```c ndG o pLoJ nM nG tdG o pH oJ nh ,(```S a S)h ( md a l```d) n``` s pdG qCG

(50)h (G kJc) njY nja n r oc n sdh , n na r o dG pQ pOoJ rd n n nc r ndG sC ; o s na , oQ qdG oAoj . n op nJ

( mae) (300) p pf`L ```dEG Gg , nA sdGh nIQ sdGh n sdG o u``` noJ qdG p s pFHdG pSCG n``` pe k``è

. pGQ ordGh p r sdG pTT Y m nY sRe ( mQd) pjT (20)h

LCG IT - qH qdG IOZ


43

:YGQoCG pVdG pjJ pAKCG a

:. oJh , pVdG paG nIQe

: ne , pqnd nIdG nSCG ?qo poJ qdG p qnF qdG ( paCG) a pdSCGh pYN p pFGWh Ldq pdG pQGSCG rY oJ GPe ?GPdh ? n n sdGh n nM udG t oJ g .iNoCG pGr odG pIQjRh p n sdG p pFGa r nY n nAe oR r p rNnCG p qn qndGh p qnjdG p dGh qdG pYU a LddG nQhO o sj xFKh ma re G ke rVYG

.a pedG

. nj qndG pe u odG pqJ .: pVdG oVh

. pM udG p nOCG p pUY oenJ oM r pe o oJ rOYCG qdG ( n odG o nJ oOdg) pM udG p qnH odCG . nQ n tdGh n pFGdGh p s n odG o uX nhoCG . pjdG nL G k oe p pg ndGh p pFbdG n ne o nYJCG .iNCG pG odG pIQjRh p n sdG n pe r s nj rd rd mMGbG pjd ;FeR oQ phMCG

.: pVdG oNG

na ,( nOdg) dEG pnM udG p pge pVY a n pFe oR p p rfG pPG r p rSG nY kj nM pjGdG ```a n``` rc GPEG

p t n n pd ; r o oJ nQ nh oe n nY n r nj G pd ;n rVY qdG pn rM udG p pg pH n pFeR ptJ r pe G k ucC oe r oc p``` n pJrdG

.a r o r p r oj rd eh ,( nOdg) a r o n nYCG e


44

: pVdG nH

: pJBG pj nd k ra nh VY njJ Fe oRh u oe dEG oWCG

oQdGp paGJ oLQO

lIcl uSelIU

1. o VdG oM re pVdG oVh

2.( oF qdG oSG) osdG

3. pVdG a tdG oHsdG

4.( p qdG pOYh pMdGh pdG) pdG p saGL oUh

5. pdsdGh pGOdGh pGdG oUh

6. p n uV n odG pQ tdH keYe pGgdG o pFY

7. oYfG

8. prdG p sHdG p tdG oGdG

9. o oY qJh , p sdG oVh

10. njNBH tdG ouJG

11. pY uOdGh , pAe tdG pNG oe dEG pAUEG oM

12. pO sdG pbdG oG pd pG

. pn p ordG pVhrdG a n sJC ;Fe oRh q oe nM qdG pX ndG nRHCG o uhOoCG .F ne od o ofCGh ,( r oJ lM pQ) o ofG r oY xn pe a mee re o rL e oVCG


45

: n n pJBG pG o ordG o p s nf ( pLrdG p n r ordG) a p n p n rdG r ne r nY p r nr pd1 . rhnCG k``` r pa r``` nfc GPpEG ```dpEG n``` n p n rdG tO o``` nf

, k r nL r``` nfc rpEG ```dpEG nh ,

. ph oM r pe g oO q nof s oK

2 ..( pAdG phnCG phG rdG) d pEG g tO o nf , l pd nCG g p pNBG a rhnCG , p nS nh a nc GPEG

3 .. nZ rOpEG t o nf

4 . p s p rUnCG n``` pe n shnC rG n r nrdG oO u``` nof

. p n p nr pd

5 . p``à nrdG p```J r nJ ``à o``` o r nf s``` oK , p r``` nrdG ``` nY n``` n r o rdG o``` n r nf

r n rdG oQ``` r nf s oK , uF prdG p```J rsdG n n nM ```à

. p n p n rdG p pd n pS ordG

: pL n rdG p n r ordG pG r p rSG a J nQ ne oR u nYoCG1 .: p prdG n ra nh pI nOj qdG ph oM p r nM n r nH p n pJB rG pp n rdG n rUnCG oo rcnCG

oGf

qqdG . pSdG pdG a pdG pY p rdG njW o qj . pSdG pdG a pdG fe rY oj

pS n rdG p n r o rdG a o r n rdG

oeG oSQ sdG(1) oqdG

: o scJCG

nY n r nj ``` sdG o``` p rdG n og o``` n r o rdG

.f ne nh , p n tdG pGO n r oe

1 . m`````` n pf nK r```` pe o`````````````` n r o rdG o s n n nj. kHH h

2 . pJnJ n ra nh k``` n pH n oe oG rHnC rG p``` n uJ oQ m r nM u o pd nh ph ordG

. t p n r oe

`g

O

jGg de LY

IhZ G qdG fG

151 :hdEG iG oeQ


46

o n r o rdG nh lTGQ . pL n rdG p n r ordG a g r p nj rn na , o n ne r s ne sdG pI nj nrdG pp n rdG p r nJ r nY n nnH nh , n njGh udG l pTGQ nCG n nb ou n o rdG n nr n rS pG , n n rc nCG m n r oe a r nY p r nrd ou n o rdG o n nT rQ nC na , p q pH n n rdG p``` n tdG pu n oe nY o nn p r oe lTGQ n```V n nY

. pS n rdG p n r ordG a p r n rdG nS rQ nO n s n na , nn p r o rdG pg

p n r ordG a r nY p``` r n rdG p nj nW n ra nh pS n rdG p``` n r o rdG a pI nj nrdG p n rdG p``` nY m pTGQ n ne o``` nn sdG n``` n nH. p sH n rdG p renC rGh , p sj p n sdG pjOMnCG nh , pj nrdG pBG r o rdG n pe n pgG pH k n sY n oe nf ne Gh o nL n na , pL n rdG

: l sjd lIFa

:JCj a pdG uOG ne pJJ a p qHdG p tdG o n r ne o n n nf sdG odG o qj

.1. pASCG Y paCG ojJ

.2. paCG ne pjdG Y pO q n ordG ojJ

.3. uRdG Y udGh , udG r n rdG Y udG r n rdG ojJ

.4. qdG pdG Y pR qdG pdG ojJ

1 .: pS n rdG p n r ordG a pj sdG q sdG pj nrdG n pe p nf qn o rdG pp n rdG f ne r nY o p rcnCG

o G oJBG mL nQ nh , u nrdG a p p nn ng nY o ns n na , ke o G oJBG mLQ : p n rKG a qEG n n nM { : p G oS nQ nb

.(Y qe) z ou n oj nh pH r nj n o na n n r prdG

: o r q n nJ e ou nWoCG

: pS n rdG p n r ordG p pS

. pp n rdG pJ r nJ nh , p s pF prdG ph ordG pJ r nJ a nh , pdrC sdG a oLrdG o n r ordG p pH n n n rdG pH o p nr nj l n r oe

: o s n nJnCG


47

odGoIOdG odGodG

lSQn pS nQ. p qdGh p udG s oK , pAG qdG oH

2 .: p n pdqdG pZG nrdG a ( n r nH) rhnCG ( n r nb) n n p nc o nVnCG

: n n p nc pS n rdG p n r ordG a o pLnCG. m n r oN n`` pd ne

. p n p rdG p na ne

. mn r n r oe `` rf tdG

. m pLBG n n sdG

: l sjd lIFa

,fqda p qhCG p```d uFdG pJqdG n``` n nM pdG o uJJ sdG n``` pg kSG oSCG o``` qHdG o```LdG

: pr pe r pe pHG qda , pdqda

. p tdG pe peh , pr odGh , p qdG pQeh , pSdGh , pLdG

3 .:k qhCG pSrdG p n r ordG a g pOL oh p or n nJ n n nM pp n rdG o uJ nQoCG

. lB n r oe lL r ne dG nrdG ojQ ne lI nR ne

. .3 . .2 . .1

. .5 . .4


48


49

oGf

qqdG . p sj sdG pI ud n sdG n pF ndG o sj .IdG a IOQGdG dG j

odG pIM a o qdG

oSO qdG oSQ sdGoIAGdG

.CG.a pjdG p n rSG o ocPCGh , pJQ tdG o seCJCG

.?g o pgoJ nfCGh noH r nj qdG oQ tdG e

.vj p n nT oLCG s oK , keU kIAGb ( dG) pddG pc a ssdG oCGbCG

.CG: pSQ sd k pS oe kfG oY J rC nj qe oQNCG

. o uj s odG oIY sdG pIY sdG nY osdG osdGh o sdG o nsdGh o sdG

: pS rQ sdG dEG lN r ne

: o n ranCGh ,oCGbCG


50

.: oS oj pH ocoCG

: p V r nd p nF sdG p n pdG n pe . o sj udG oIY qdG . o u ndG oIY qdG

. .

. .

.: pJsdH p pJ n rY nO a r odG n n sJG qdG pG o odG uSoCG

1 .. nHbCG o nJY r odG oIYO

.2.

.3.

.4.

.O: p qdG pZ pIQ pdG neCG () nIQTEGh , p n sdG pIQdG neCG () nIQTEG oVCG

. pSEG pIYH n n nL e nY p peb a nNh , nI nh r ndG odG n p nU

. pf oH dEG nC nnd eY r odG Y nHQ HG o r nTh o oY n nTnCG

. pSEG pAGY nCG uTnCG r pe md HCG r odG t nY nc

. ndG n pe njL odG nSG p ndG op ne tTsdG nMCG

. pS sdG pI rof a pQhsd pIh sdG pQGO a mj ob oASnDh oQ nLG

: u sdG n n r oe o p ncCG

.CG: x nnH rdpEG pQ odG p nd nSdG rdG oQNCG

. p udG pfh , o nMh p G pI nO pY dEG r ogYj. oY pOHG . p p nbQeh p p rg . p p ogJh p pdGYG . p pdgEGh p pM rW


51

.z p G oSQ nSG{. nI n r pdG nVhCG . pG n ndH o r nY rCeG . pjrCGQ rY n sY . nrdG n n nY

.z r pjO a rnf pjh{. rjO uM a nfhj . r p pjO uH rnfhoj

. r pjO pJ Y rnfgj . r pjO r nY rfh qOj

.z ne rMnCG n sS nh njO nY{. pJeoCG . ndBG . p ndG a fGDhQ . ndY

.:FfpEG r pe mI n oe mn r oL a wN nJ qdG p ndG o uXhCG

. n n sdG G n n na , pI nAh odG pgCG r pe l n nf nb

. o nfhO ojh , o r nY oOh nj mdW HCG nc

.: n udG a pN re p nf s odG pdG nd nO oO uMCG

. :o p nJ r ne dpEG ,qHQ nrfnCG nh , n n rn r odG tQ nfCG{ . : p G a o n r nf i nT r ne n shCG - o r nY o G n pV nQ - wY nc

.O: pINCG pI n r pdG n pe oSCG

. :( o r nY n nnJ rQG) H kc . :( n p nN) sV . :( wdh) nL

.`g:J rC nj a wN oJ e r ne o pdoJ qdG prdG o o rTnCG

?G pd qEG r n nL eCG , pdG nFS d vJ : mdHCG nb.G k r oH keCG kbNEG kf pN k r oV G k r oN kcg


52

: r na o uYCG

.CG: n sYdG g n n pa oo rcnCGh ,( p pF qdG pgCG pI n rY nO) nY ndG qdG nI n r pdG oCGbCG

oIYO

pF qdG pgCG

.: ouYCG

. n se a dG pIYH neBG r ne ns pb

.jGdH k s oe p nrdG pp ne dEG G kah m rj n ob nSQEG

. pdG pY a r odG nY pQ qdG iPnCG nOGTG


53

. pI n r pdG nd r odG pr nd pf r pa r pe G k n nf mjb nSQEG

.. p pMU p s r nT pUh a ; pJBG pbGdG ne mbe uH tSnCG

. r od mdW HCG ojM

. pS sdG p nY kYaO p p r n pH - oY o G nVQ - mH HCG o n p rnJ

. pIdG nd r odG pTGa a - oY o G n pV nQ - xY of

. np r odG njL od pdG pe uTsdG ojM

.O. o pg r nHoCG

. u ndG pI n rY nO nY o nQGUEG oj e r odG pb r pe

o G o n p roj qM oo rc n nJ e neCG Gg nrJnCG rnCG nY Q nj a ndGh nj a n sdG G nVh d p Gh , tYj{

.z oo rc n nJ e a np rgCG rhnCG

1 .

2 .

?(G nV nh) p pd r nb a o sdG oOj r ne Y

.`g: pJBG pGQdG ne mIQY sc oTCG

.z ongCG o p rj n pFG qdG sEG{ : r odG nb

.z!? o G nqHQ nj rCG kLQ no r nJnCG{ : oY o G nVQ - mH HCG nb


54

.h: r pe xc p pb r ne nH o pRGhoCG

pjdG pgCGpF qdG pgCG

mdW HCG peemd HCG pee

oee

odG

: u sdG nZH o shnJnCG

1 .?GP pdh ? p n nrdG pj rnJ a k sb pO ocCG oIQdG e

. r pj pH G kQG pa nqj ndG nQU . r pj pH G kQG pa nhLoj ndG nQU

.z p pJ nO r oH v nY q nS s oK{ .z p pH p pH v nY q nZ s oK{

2 .:F rfpEG r pe mn pH wN o n r nJ e p nd nO r nY o uYoCG

. p seSEG pIY sdG pS a nAGOrCc k n nY oe r nbh

3 .. pAY qdG Gg pe r nY pjS ocCG qK , p pF qdG og nCG o nd n nN rnCG nH pS sdG nAY oO o senCJCG


55

: o nAH o pcCGh , u sdG n f o sJCG

.CG. nFfh nHSCG G kO ue dGh pS sdG pGg o qeC nJnCG

: oHSCG

: oFf

HdG GHdG IjG T

cCG```````dG

`````````Y

``````````N

```````G

G H e

e

IL eG e

````e IQG jG

(``````````dG H) `````````MCG `````````dG

IY f

G HdG

jG

AbH

dG

e

````MCG ````dG) ``````dG ````````H

SdG Ig jW

:oHSCG

: oFf

.: ocCG

. h h mTg H : tsdG g n nc nP qdG m rj ob pb pH re . dEG re rnCGH , kIO se k sjQJ kM tsdG n nU nQ . h h pe , p sjQqdG p pFbdG nH nOSh : pe , obGdGh oG```MCG a r n``` nL qdG p saG odG p```bGdGh p``` odG pH nASCG t``` sdG n nc nP ```c

. h , h

: sCG oSCG

a pQd lLeh ,d ljOQ n pg p sj sdG pI``` qdG a nIOQGdG n saGdG nddGh pFdG nA```SCGh n```jQGqdG

o ogeh o ofh g , pIdG a oojW pH o sn nJ qdG n sjQqdG nFbdG oR p r oJ c , p sj sdG pI qdG p oc

. pH p odG pATCGh pOGdG nf odG o oJcSh o oJGOYh , tdG


56

: oJ

1 .: r odG pK re

.pCGdG nY nqdG . p G pS a n nsdG

2 .: m rj n ob iPCG nY n odG pA oV p r nU eh

.3 njY udG pdHh ``` r odG nY - Y o G n```VQ - mjN pH n```jN ne rD odG uCG p``` r nY ```eh

: o nd ndGh

: u sdG ne oHCG


57

oGf

qqdG

. pdG pn r oL n rMnCG o s n n nj . usdG a nn r odG ndG oq n oj . nn r odG ndG o p r oj . kn oL kM o snJ k n nU k n oL o r oj

o r odG odG

oH qdG oSQ sdG(2) dG

: p r ndH nhdG oCenCG sK , nJBG neCG oCGbnCG

. o sH nQ G k pcT , p p r n pH k pKGh p pn rM pQ a m pLe oH o n rMnCG ne . p rgnCG d pEG p ndG nh pG n rTnC pH p r nn s n oe p n n r p qdG p nn rbnCG .d nJ - p G dpEG np p n r oe r o nj p rjnCG n oUG s n dG n na n na , o n pUdG ps ng

oI nO n r odG odGpG rYpEG oe nYpdG o pMU

: o scJCG

1 . p pH ``` nJrD oj l```U nh oI nO``` odG o```dG

ph oM n pY , p``` p pMU p``` ndM p n n pd

. p pdG

2 . , k nH ne oI nO n``` r odG o```dG o``` o nJ

o nj e rhnCG o nr ndG p rnf o``` ne nY nh

p``` nL nh ``` s n odG ```a oA```dG).Y

.( p pd sdG p sc n odG

: o qc nnJnCG nh, oCG n rbnCG

130 :hdEG iG oeQ


58

1 .: n nJBG n p renCG oCG rbnCG

. p sj p ndG p nM pdG p pd n pH ldY n og nh o nJ nM m pLe oH o nMnCG nb . la nh g o nU o n sdG p nOY . pAd pH s nHG p nb nh oQ s ndG n nbnCG . pQTnCG n nL nCG o p oj p s ndG dpEG o r n nSG .d nJ - p H l peD oe n og nh iOn nj p pH m pLe oH o nMnCG nn nfG

2 .: o pMoCG

, l s p rSG l n oL g ( )h ( )h ,( ld nY n og nh) nf qodG n``` n odG qCG. l sa l n oL n p na ( )h ( )h ( snHG p nb nh) o n odG qeCG

` nb) : oa m```He mIOe mH ``òdGSG o poj ( l```d nY n og nh) dhCG n``` sSG n```dG sCGh mIOe mH p nfqdG pn odG pGSG nYh ,( p sjdG p nM pdG p``` pdH kdY nJM mLe oH o``` n rMnCG

.( ) : oa pdqdG pdG a qeCG ,( ) : oJ mHe

fqdG pdG a o```dG oa ; kjCG mHe mIO``è mH odGSG o p r oj n``` sdG n``` odG snCG nh mH```````è mO`````````è m`````H p``` nfdG p`````dG pG```````SG nYh ,( pA``` nd pH v```è oQ````````` s ndG n``` nbnCG)

.( ) : oa o ndqdG odG qenCG ,( ) : o`````J

o uJ ( l pdY n og nh) oa , p```dG p bh nY n nb mae mSG n ndM r``` n s nH nb n nf qdG n``` n odG p p``` ng snCG nh ndM o uJ ( l``àh g oU) o``` sSG odGh , p```dG o pMU n``` ogh ( n n rMnCG) p qn```dG p```SG n```dM

on oLh ,( oQ qdG) n og nNBG m se mSG ndM o``` uJ ( snHG pbh) o qdG o```dGh ,

. : ndM o uJ (iOn nj) : on oLh , ndM o uJ ( o p oj)

3 .. pdG pn r o pH n nb m s n oe mS pHdG pdG n pb ne o oNC nJ qdG - n qdG nh n qSG - n odG u nSoCG

pMU) nb p qdG pSGh p```dG pL nH kbY n qK snCG oMCa , n nH qdG p```dG n n oL o``` qeCJCG

: o pMoCG nh , oCG n rbnCG


59

pdG a c (AdG) G kgX G kV o na , mMGh mHGQ pN re o qJ nbdG g sCGh ,( pdG

o p oj p q sdG dEG o r n nSG) , pdG a c G ke G kV hCG ,(a nh g o r nU t n qdG p nO```Y) ```fqdG

pdG ````a `````c p qdG pdG a ( rb) ` pH n nYdG pdG ( nhGh) hCG ,(g) oj CG ( pQTnCG n nLCG

pdG a c ( p qdGh pdG phGh) ke pJCj p nHGH oH qdG o qj rbh ,( )

ah ,( p sj p```` ndG p``` nM````` pdG p pd``````` n pH l`````dY n``````` og nh o nJ````` nM m```````` pLe o```H o`````` n rMnCG ``` nb) : p qhCG

.( ) pdG

. p sjndG p nM pdG p pd n pH ldY n og nh o nJ nM m pL ne oH o nMnCG nb

oedGpdG oMUo qhCG o pHG qdGfqdG o pHG qdG

pdG o oL

: oSCG

t n ne nh , o n nH ```JrC nJ nh , m s n oe mS pIOdG p```dG n pb ne o oNC nJ - l s p pa rhCG l``` s pSG - ln oL p```dG o``` n oL. osdG

. pdG p pM pH o pH nj m pHGQ r pe nd s oH na kn oL odG p n nb nh GPpEG . k ne ( n qdG nh pdG nhGh) rhnCG ,( pdG nhGh) rhnCG ,G ke G k nV rhnCG ,G k pgX G k nV oHG qdG JCj


60

oI nO n r odG odGo n r odG odG

: o` u nWoCG

1 .: p nh r ndG n ra nh w nN o n r nJ e o u nUoCG

o n nY p rTnCG o o r nj m```YS r n na , kI s obh ``` kW nf lp n r oe n og nh p r ndG ```d pEG o ng r nj nh ,G k u n oe p pe r nf r```e oO q qdG o``` nj

o sn nj p pQGO pH Y o njCG nQ o sdG ns nN e GP pE na ,G kQh o r ne k pfb o r sdG pnHZ r nb nh p pW sdG dpEG oO nj sK , pj ud

. p r ndG pG rgnCG r pe oBGQ na p p rgnCG dpEG

2 .: n n sdG k pc oe JrC nj pd k n pS oe mM nn r oL oUnCG

. os n n nJ n pg nh nnJ n pdGh r pWoJ . h n pF qdG p p r oJ

. p rsdH ns n nJ r nb nh oS pQdG n n rbnCG. oo tdG n nM nQ

. p p n nH iOn nj nQ q ndG nf r nrHnCG. nj ordG o r p nS

. lQ r ne r o ofP o q odG n nL nQ. nhO sdG nAL


61

3 .: p nh r ndG n ra nh pdG nn r oL p n pJBG pn p renCG n pe o p rn rSnCG

odGpdG oL oYf oMU

pdGoHG qdG

. p nr pd o sg nC n nJ n nY p rTnCG o o tdG p n n nfp nd o qgCJl s r pao o tdGl p n r oe l nV

n pg o oj r nJ

nG re nCG o pQ```oj o nn r nd m``` pLe oH o n rMnCG ``` nb

. p r ndG

. p pn rM pQ r pe nh pFY r og nh nUG q n dG orjnCG nQ

. otdG rJ nQf nCG r nb nh nA sdG o r nrHnCG

4 .: p n qdG n ra nh kG rMnCG n n pJBG n n odG o n rLnCG

. oj udG p n n nS r nb nh pI nj ndG dpEG o qH tdG n nU nh . oj qdG p n n nS r nb . n pf r odG orj nCG nQ . o o pFG na o p nJ r nJ . . pjrjnCG a r o oa oS . . l nM nQ s o oH r ob

o n pdGl sSG l oL o ndGl s p r pa l r oL o ndG. pQ r sdG n p n r oe o sdG n nM nQ. pQ r sdG o p n r oe n og nh o sdG n nM nQ. o oQ r nU n n n rfG p nb nh o sdG n nM nQ

. p rL ndG n p r n r oe o p rodG n n rbnCG

. pdG np nb oj s`dG n n rbnCG

. pG o odG nj nS nAG s ndG orjnCG nQ

5 .: p nh r ndG n ra nh m s pdM m n oL dpEG nI nO n r odG ndG o uMoCG


62

: l sj p rnf lI npFa

. lG rMnCG p pQ ndG n r nH nh l pU pG p sdG n r nH o n odG

.6. p nh r ndG n ra nh p sj p r sdG pI n pFdH kn r oe p r qdG pL r nY pdG nn r oL o u neoCG

o pdGp r sdG o n r oLpdG o n r oL

. p ud pH oR nj kAG q nY o r ngT

. p ud pH oR nj nAG q ndG o r ngT

. oGQepEG pH rnfGO rRG n pFG n pH o rQ n ne

. oGQepEG pH rnfGORG pbh n pFG ndG o nrHCG

. l nf o ob rNnCG kj nU o r naGQ

. ln nf o ob rNnCG nj sdG o o naGQ

.g nY nY oC sc n nJ n pg nh oR ndG p n ng nP

.g nY nY oC sc n nJ lR nY r n ng nP

7 .: p nP sdG n ra nh wN nJ qdG pp ndG o p rYoCG

.(dG) |Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O} :dJ nb . l sd pM : nh .kCG n n r oe m ra nQ u n ne a pr ndG nY w r ne l p n r oe l nV : n og a ( l r ne n og) nh o s p rSG o``` n r odGh , p p pNBG Y oI n pg sdG o s sdG p``` p ra nQ o ne nY nh l a r ne l n nN : l``` r ne

.kM m rnf u n ne

.(243:IdG) |t s r q p o n m l k j} :dJ nb. :h

l nPnfwHG rYpEG


63

. : r og

. : ldoCG

.

. n s ne oG pa o nf rMnCG r nb nh t p sdG n nLg.l s pdM :h

. m rnJ o r nM : r qb

l nV ( oA```dG)h , p pg sdG p``` r ndG Y w``` p r ne mVe l``` r pa : o nf n rMnCG

. pH m r ne p rnf u n ne a u sdG nY w p r ne l ps oe

( n s ne oG pa o nf rMnCG r nb) nh o s r pdG on r odGh , p p pNBG nY oI n pg sdG o s sdG p p ra nQ o ne nY nh l oa r ne l pYa : orG n pa

. mM p rnf u n ne a

. o n r ndG o n ndg r nb nh nj ndG u pf n rdG p a udG oL pQ nC n rWnCG. :h

. :b

. : o n ndg

. : o n r ndG

: sCG o scJCG

ue a n oa pdH n```qJG GPEG n qdG

.H me pf ue a hCG , mYa paQ

:q n n odG nbr o sfnC nc nj nrdG nh t` o` nj n r`` nJnCGo` pFG` nb s` o` nd `e mO``` pH Gh n` n` S

. : nh t o nj

.

. : nj nrdG

.

. :( ) oLh


64

. pj rsdGh pG p rMG n pLGh kj uOnD oe o nd r o na , l pdL nrf nCG nh k p r oe n nu oe n r nrHCG GPpEG

: n rHCG

.

. : k p r oe

. : nh

. : nrfnCG

. : l pdL

. : kj uOnD oe

. :( ) oLh

:kM r n nb nh l r oL o r pe mI n pMGh u oc a , pr nn r o pH m n pJBG mI nQ r oU u oc r nY o u nYoCG .8

: l qSG lL odG

: l qa lL odG


65

: l qSG lL odG

: l qa lL odG

: wd p r ne l nf

.( p r odG p nM) r pe m p r oe mQ r nb n n rcnCG kn uX n oe ,G k pWe ke nj a o pU nCG m o rS nCG p n r nN r pe kI n r pa oo rcnCG


66


67

:g nUY pHQCG re o qj qfCG o raYh , nqdG kHS oSQO

: pe re nYGfCG oaYh

h h h o``` q n odG o``` rqdG

. h h

oGf

qqdG

. n q p r ndG nIQSG o qj . p q p r ndG pIQSG ne nqdG o u n oj . p qHOCG pUqdG ne nIQSG o p rn r nj . k qe kIQSG o qJ kL o oj

o s p r ndG oIQ rSG

eqdG oSQ sdGoZdG

: lJ

: o scJCG

a odG oqdG g : tqdG oR```dG

mfe mjb e m```bd d n pV oh e p```Z

nH obdGh , qdG dG pIOGQEG e

oJ qRdG dGh qdG dG

. nHdG kdZ

n p oM qdG oqdG ```g : odG o rqdG

nbGh , pqdG oIGOCGh p``` qdG oLh e

. pH q n odGh p q n odG pqdG pcQ Y : o r n rSCGh ,oCGbCG

1 .: qd odG mjDhP HCG b```g nQXCG r```fCG o``` qdG GPEGho```J m````J s```c n``````dCG

2 .: oVdG VdG nbofY n``` rM o```jdG GPEGho```eCG s``t`c oh```d`a r``f


68

3 .: pdG a qdG nbodGh naY rPEG naY odGodCG n``` pFGYCG dEG n``` rY nGRh

4 .: qdG oHG nbm```èEG `à ` ` d t```` dG n``` p``` oL```M qdG ```MCGh n```dG n```b

1 .. uUCG p pVe pZ a r p ro rSG k qjRe kXdCG a qCG oLCa , n qhCG ndG o qeCJCG

a qEG ode pd nj rC ke h , nde ( odG ngh) p qd n``à , pdG n qM oY qdG nQ qU r``à

, nde P m oe m```MH n qdG n qT b oj GHh , m``` pY r oe mMh pg a ndG nQ sJ r```b pY qdG p```c

. pH n q n odG nMh

pH o qdG ng pY qdG pb a oh```dG pqdG oa , o qdG hCG oMdG :H o qdGh o qdG :```g o``` qda

. pIQSG ne Ggh , oQXCG ngh , pIQdG a p peRGd re mAT dEG oj hCG pY tj e pAH ne ( oMdG)

k pn r oe pIQSG pg a pH o qdG nc qdh , paW oMCG n p oM lJ ngh , u``` tdG pRdG ne oIQ```Sa

. k qe kIQSG p qdG Gg pJ Y np o rUoG ; pH m s n oe nZ

2 . , pW re rd nMdG sC ; pVe pZ a n p ro rSoG ( pjdG) nd qCG oLCa , nfqdG n``` pdG o``` qeCJCG

. tdG oFdG ngh o qdG g Y oJ r n pH l n s n oe qfCGh , lY d ndh

pY s oO o qdh lh``è ngh pH o qdGh , lOLe ngh ( ) o``` qda

. p qdG pIQSG pS Y (ofY nrM) p pJU re mH CG peRGd re p pRH

3 .: pJBG pSCG Y oLoCG K , nHG qdGh ndqdG pddG o qeCJCG

? pVdG ne odG aoj g ? oM qdG Jh , odG o n r oj gh ? pe vc oJdG n s nT nH . : pM qdG : pdG : pdG ? pH o q n odG n pc oP g ? pY nr nd r n rSG nc

? oJ GPe


69

? pdG pqdGh pIQSG nH odG e

: l s pZnH lI npFa

GQU qfCG p rYR uM dEG p```H p qdGh p qdG nH pGeGh pOqJG pAY qOG pI q```d ; pqdG ne o```HCG oIQ```SG

. lMGh ld pa o n r n r oj G kMGh ke

: sCG oSCG

. paW oMCG n p oM lH lJ : nIQSG

. p pe pRGd re mAH d n pe oQh , pH o q n odG a n p oM e ng : n qdG nIQSG

: ou nWoCG

1 .: ph r ndG n ra nh pJBG peCG a nqdGh n q p r ndG nIQSG o ueCG

oeCGo r qdG oIQSG

o q p r ndG 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 / } :```dJ nb

.(je) | = < ; :

. lWN lH pY qdG a oOGdG

a p pSCGH o ndG nV mLQ re oS j nJ

.z oab nMh rjCG rb kShDhQ iQC qfEG{ : pIQdG p pN a o q ndG nb

. pQj qdc odGh , pQ qdc odG

.z rd vM noJ qCG r oaS r n n rbCG{ : na pY qdH keb wHGYCG ne

. p pH oA r oj lQd nS qdG qEG

r pH pH s nM e nd r pHH o rg sdG s nY


70

2 .. pqdG n ra nh , k qe kIQSG e wc oj oH m n oL a nJBG nASCG oVCG

. oIdG pZH : o r qdG

.z lMS n pOd d{ : pjd ooj :dG

: oQgRCG

. odG nQCGR : o r ndG

: tdG

: odG

3 .. psdG n ra nh nJBG ndG pGQSG oqMoCG

.dEG pdG oGPBG r n rUnCGh ,d p rdG oY rqJ : na k oL nQ wHGYCG n n ne pIQSG pS ```Y ( oY) ngh pe pRGd r``è mA pH pdEG n pe oQh p```H o qdG n p oM s```K , mfEH o```dG n``` u oT

. p qdG

.(154 :jBG GYCG) | } | { z y } :dJ nb

.(e) | h g f e d c b a } :dJ nb

.(jdG) | h g f e } :dJ nb

. lhe ngh ( wM lFc) pH o qdGh , lOLe ngh ( odG) o qda , xM mFH ndG oY qdG n qT

pFY nIch ph```dG Gg nc nqd n```dPh ; o qdGh oAY qdGh o``` qdG ( pJU) pe pRGd r``è mAH nA```Lh

. l qe lIQSG na , pd rH pIc Y tn r nJ rQUh , r qV nGeCG pg sCc qM nGeCG o nbGZEGh

: o pY sdG nb`` q`è p``````````dG o```````Ù s``````` oHr``` ``` `````` njh `````Y`````j o`````````è


71

: m qJ HCG nbm`` q```` oe n```` H o````````eBG p``` n``` ua``` oJo r sdG p n qdG p```Y m r oT a nUCa

.z ot pofh t poj lL Gg{ : m oMoCG pL rY G oSQ nb

4 ..dqdG phdG n ra nh o` u nM oCGh , m qe mGQSG ne a e oSnCG sK , nJBG nI r pdG oCGbCG

, nI s n odG nStdG oV uh n ojh , nFqdG n```NCG o u ojh , na qdG ngGdG o u n ojh , nF qdG ndG obj o```qdG

pOdG YdHh , p`` t nqdG pe pd p t nqdHh , p```dG pj r nd pdH ndG o``` u ojh , nM qdG nQaCG ``` u n ojh

. p p ndG p sdG Y pAd

oeCG oJ pudH , n```gGdGh nQdGh ndG oj oZh , w nY oj ``` kHbh kSf oj , oudG o``` qfEG

. oWhCG bJh

o s p r ndG oGQSG o rnJ


72


73

oGf

qqdG

.nCGb xHOCG xd kHSG vJ vf oj .iNCG mUf r pe hCG usdG ne msdOCH neMCG o nY r nj . mIO qe nje nah uJG sdG pjsdGh pLGdG pdBG o uj . k ueCe k ufCe kIAGb oJGJh oHc oJ

t sdG odG

oSqdG oSQ sdGoHdG

dG iJ) pfGL re mfL r```Y snJ ke ocCG sK , nJBG usdG pdG p``` nHc pLJ oCG```bCG

:H G k pT r n r oe ( pgRh

. mIb hCG , m q pb hCG , me e kfL oQNCG . k ufCeh , kYGh kIAGb nfdG Gg oCGbCG , o n sgCG o uHoCGh , o```Y nHdG oNG sdG nfdGh , pJc nSGh , p```dG nGY a ocPCG ke qe o```cCG

. pa pJdG nCGQh

. k se mJ kueh ,G k u n oeh , kM pQT oJdG dEG n sJ sdG n pdG ohJCG . pJdG pf p n rLh pcCJ a g nKCGh , pV hCG pJ qb ie o uHCGh ,g nOQhCG sdG n sd pOCGh ngG sdG oO uMCG . psdG pVe pdG pY mVGh mIQU pjJ re nQdG o uj msJeh me mH de o unfoCG a sdG sYVdG nSCG o p sJCGh , pdG a p sJG sdG pY o```HCG

.J

, kfL e o pZoCG a , pJdG p``` n pa pVY a nfeCGh n sb udG i s```JCG. o rcj rd kT d oVCG h

a jCGQ pHoCGh , pJdG n n pa a o udCG mILe mJH de pfoCG. o nc

: o scJCG

: tqdG odG

me n```M e lT o``` oj le n```g

pdG nI``` r pa p```a o uj , o nCG```b n```NBG

p sdGh pI s```dG nf o``` ujh , pAh```dG

. osdOCGh oedGh o n pdG oM re pa


74

: pHdG nb

:dhCG oIdG

1 ..( pgRh dG iJ) uf pfGL re kfL oQNCG

2 .. k ufCe h kYGh kIAGb nfdG Gg oCGbCG

3 .: pe re , ssdG nde pHc Y ooJ kSCG oWCG

? dG pIM re pfdG Gg a pJdG oCGQ e ? nfdG Gg n uVod ; oJdG ndhJ sdG o n pdG e ? k s p oe kWf nZCG sfCG rCG , pfdG Gg pRGHE kac oJdG ndhJ sdG o n pdG pfc rg ? p p n pa pYd oJdG neSG sdG oedG e ? k nbO nh k n p r oe pQaCG pcCd oJdG g nOQhCG sdG o sdOCG pfc rg ? oJdG d rV sj rd sdG o qdG e ? k pVGh ve kJ o n n pa oJdG n sf rg ? pJdG nd oJ nc ? pdG a nJ rLh sdG pI sdG pf oRHCG e ? pdG a n rM sdG p sdG ofGL e ? pJAGH njNBG oJ rgh ? xY mH pdG a nojCGQ e

4 . kT pJd ofCG a ,VY a nfeCGh nb udG kYGeh ,JXr ne k ue pH sdG pSCG pY oLoCG

. o`rj d


75

: pHdG nAKCG: ofqdG oIdG

. pdG pG r pa re mI r pa uc a ocCS e a oO uMCG k s n oe oSQCG

oO uMCGh , kI sc n oeh , kFT n```J rCG Y oUMCG

nfdGh ,``` pJc n```SGh , pdG nG```Y ``à

o uHCGh , uqdG ```de a pY o ucQCS ``` sdG

.a pJdG nCGQh ,f pLh e o n sgCG

o uHCGh , o```JdG ```g nOQhCG mI``à sc o```cCG : k qhCG

hCG pJ sb i``èh ,g pcCd ``` nbS qdG n``` sdOCG

. pV

sfCG p sdOCG Y o rM n``` pd mVH ocPCG : kfK

? mac oZ hCG , lV hCG , l qjb

pJ r```Y p```jd kI``` r pa o``` u nNoCG :``` kdK

.p or n nJh pJG pa pHGJ ieh , pdh , pdG

, pdG a jCGQ p```H sqdG nde ``` oNCG

? nIAGdG tj oj qdG eh

oe udG

oVdG

oJdG

: odqdG oIdG

. pJh pV r ndG pVh re o scCJCGh , sqdG ndd dhCG nIO s odG ocCG


76

: pHdG nH

oJdG g nOQhCG mqdOCGh ngGT re o o sj eh , p pa p or n nJh , pFH a o uaCGh , uqdG pdG nIAGb oYCG. psdG nVe pde a

. p sbOh , p qYVe ieh , pdG p pa M oc sdG pGqdG o seCJCG .nZU oYCG hCG g o uZCG bh ,p n oLh , pJGOe a o ucQCG . n sjqdGh n sFeEG nANCG o uUCG . pbsdG peYh pqdG pIYGe re o qcCJCG . psdG nVe uUCG pd kIQU ne oaQCGh ,G k uL kLGNEG o oLNoCGh ,o rc e oWCG . pdG a psdG nU k uX n oe de o ubCG r obfCGh , pFeR Y sqdG nde a oVYCG ; p sdG peR re mbh nJ e ```Y o```bCG

. pa nAL a

. n sjjqdG o pJMGbGh ,FeR nAGQBG o sJCG

: uqdG pdG pJ oje

oQdGp paGJ oLQO

lIcl qSelIU

1 sdG pfdG n sgCG ```a o r qVh , mFT me uH sqdG n```de oaG

. pa pJdG nCGQh ,oJ rNG

2. mIa uc Y kueh kMQT oJdG g nOQhCG qdG n pdG ordhJ

3 ie osHh , pn pa pYd ; oJdG ne n rn rSG sdG ngG sdGh n```eCG o r sXh

. pV hCG pJ sb

4. pcqdG nSh , kVGh mGQY o rc5. nSdG pH sdG pGhOCG o r sXh6. pdG a jCGQ a o rVhCG mJH de orfCG7. n sFeEGh , n sjqdG ne sdG orYGQ8. ppsdGh pJsdH orYG


oI n rM ndGo n pedG

pdG a

5Arabic_G8_F77_T154.indd 77Arabic_G8_F77_T154.indd 77 12/1/14 12:10 PM12/1/14 12:10 PM

78

Arabic_G8_F77_T154.indd 78Arabic_G8_F77_T154.indd 78 12/1/14 12:10 PM12/1/14 12:10 PM

79

oGf

qqdG

. p rsdG nh pXr ndG o uh n oj n n nj nW nh , p```p n rdG nQ``` p rNG nh, p n pdG n``` r nJ m```V o pH o u``` oj

. peG r p rSG

. usdG pV n nZ nh p ne n rn r odG pp n rdG n r nH o pH r nj . m p rgG nh m p rf pH n nY r ndG nI sOdG o pH oj

o sdGh o sdG

qhCG oSQ sdGo SG

: u sdG dpEG p p rS pG n r nb

1 .? pr nJ nQ qdG a o pgToCG GPe

2 .. nHLpEG ouYCG ? k nf ka n ng i qOCG pS qdG pADg r pe r ne

3 .? p pe n pH n u n n odG o pnJ n pHh ? n pQ qdG nL sdG o pnJ n pH

4 .. pS rQ sdG pG r pY nh p r nJ nQ qdG a oGQnCG e nr nH o pH rQnCG


80

: u sdG dpEG o pSG

: s oK, veY k r na o o n ranCGh, usdG d pEG o p n rSnCG .CG: udG ne oSCGh , o scJCG

:H kc . :SMEG . :a . :U . . : p nJ qOe pnc . . : r nQ qJ mc ncCG

.:vj n n nT oLoCG

1 .? p pJdrG prCG nQ a po or pd t nrdG r n rdG e

2 .? n rNnCG nS qdG ou n of nr nc

3 .? kjT o pddG oj ne

4 .? pQ pd p pJrdG o sU nh r sJ GPe

5 .?GP pdh ? usd lS oe oG o rdG p ng

6 .? usdG pjGH a oJdG gQKCG sdG on p r o rdG e


81


1 .: p nY nd nS odG nG odG oVnCG s oK , nN sdG n n p n rdG o o rTnCG

oo odG

o sdG

onjP sdG

t pHnCG

o ndG

odG

oj

oj

oj

t o nj

o n nj

e r nj

2 .: nJBG pp ndG o u naoCG

. : o o rnj . : oA oN . : oasdG

3 ..FfpEG r pe mL a ( tYCG) nc o uXhCG

: pf qdG pI sdG a u sdG ne o o rS d a o uYCG

1 .: p sdG pIQdG neCG nIFG qdG o qdoCG

: pSD odG p pX ne r pe me nY pM sdG oY r nbh sc. o sj o pb r noj nj o sdCj


82

: oj e nY ljT oLqdG. k p nj k oe G kge kb u oe

: o sfCH usdG nJc o pUCG. wYLG lp oe wSS l u oe

. lF oe ljOnCG wHOCG lbf

2 .: uFGKEG paG sdH G k pTn r oe , oq nMoCG

: sK , usdG n pe pINCG pI r pdG dEG oSCG .CG: nJBG nSCG vjT FeRh obfCG

? pI r pdG a o sM pdG odG e ? oF sdG oI pdG e ? pI r pdG a oJdG g ncP qdG o sffEG oP sdG e ? kjT pP sdG p ng r pe mMGh tc oj e ?v ne k nJ k oe nh k q oe pI r pdG o n pa r nAL g

. pI r pdG p``è ``à nf n```Lh ``` k u oe n```dqdG nP``` sdG oC``èCG

: pH rSoCGh

wFGKEG laGQ

: pXdG pjhJ oJGSEG

l``` s pH pc l``` s nY p```XdG o```jhnJ

p nJ e ``` pdN r pe oqdG o``` sj

nM dPh , mQNH p p r pah , p pJYfG

. ooDhjh o ojh oGj e uc

pIdG pjJ ``à o sdG ```g oYJ

p``` sdOCGh p```F sdG p``` n pdGh p``` sjQdG

``` qdG p``` sfGLdGh p``` s sdGh p``` sYbEG

. tsdG o sj

pjhJ a p```s odG pqJGSpEG n``` pe

: pXdG

. p sMdG p ndG oHc

. pIdG pdG oHc

: pj nW iMEH ojh , osdG

. mSCG dEG pFdGh pgdG ojnJ

m n pa dEG p```FdGh pgdG o```jJ

. m sjjJ

pM odG pbH oPnf

p ndG nM lM oepSoCG nM l nM oeo sdG


83

.:JCj qe mI r pa u oc pcGJ nh GOe nM pKG pXe pJ a - eR ne - ohJnCG

1 . peN a p pMGQ hCG pde hCG p pJM pH ofEG o` odj qdG ng tdG o sdG ? o sdG ng e QJnCG

. u ndG p odG

. :dhoCG oXdG . : ofsdG oXdG

2 . pVe a nMEG o nj qdG o p odG nh , o nJBGe o onjh , uffEG pdG nCGU r nj o qnfC ; ljT o``` pddG

. nFdG n ofCG ojh , pA tdG jCH o oNCj o sfC ; ljT

. :dhoCG oXdG.

: ofsdG o nXdG.

.O. pYS pIOYEG nH usdG pJN Y ou nYCG s oK , sFGKpEG naG qdG oCGbCG

: osdG

.

: oq nWCG

wFGKEG laGQ

: pY ndG pI qOdG nY pqdG oGN

. p ndG d pEG mgH oSnCG

pI qO```d p```F qdG pI``` pdH t``` pdoCG

. pY ndG

hCG k``` nb : o rS ``` qe ```be oO u```MoCG

. kaQ

, meT mI```Le mIQ```H jCGQ o``` ucDhoCG

. k`u n oe

.1: mSCG pKnK pOhM a k nJ oocCG s oK , u qdG pdG pe nH nh usdG a pI nO pQGdG p n pdG nH oHQnCG

o` o` pL r` ne p`` rNnC`` pd n p``` renCG o` n`Up``` p n r nJ p``` rNnC pH n``` r sdG p u``` na


84

2 .: pJBG pj ndG n ra nh ,FeR nh u oe n ne b oe pN r pe ssdG o uboCG

oQdGp paGJ oLQO

lIcl qSelIU

1. pMh ndG pIdG o sffEG2. tr ndG o nJ nh o sdTh p n pdG oJ3. psdGh pH sdG pGhOCG Y oOYG4. ueSpEG pj qdG pdH pJdG otKCJ5. p sdG nh p sYbEG p sdOCH p n pdG ojCJ6.oSSh pdCG o ndS7. pdCG oMa8. oVZh pdCG oHGZ9. p sjdGh p sFfEG pdSCG a ojsdG

10. p sjRdG pGsdG Y oOYG


85

1 .. pIQ tdG a oGQnCG q nY o u nYoCG

2 . , p pY qdG pI``` nM nh , pI nQ qdG nh , p```S rQ sdG pG``` r pY nY pO``` p rY pH

. pI ndG p p ng p V r ne nY s pn rS nCG rnCG o phMoCG

oGf

qqdG

. oo` u noj nh s udG ssdG o n r nj . p p r nf u pH nOnCG p r nrdG dpEG p p n r nj p r sj p r pT p r snf n r nH o pQoj r pe pj nrdG p``` r n rdG a p ud n s udG p``` udG o```p rn r nj

. p r sj p r pT p r snf p pN

. m rHnCG nI nY o n r nj

l nM

qdG oSQ sdGo r udG

: u sdG n rnf

: t sdG```````````````````````````````` nW n` rdG `````` pbG``` pa n``` r``` nH o``` r``` n``` rdG

``````` nn`````````````````` rbnCG p```````````````````````` re s`````````````d pH l```````````````` nf qj nQ

m```` n```` pf```` ````S u``````````` oc `````` a i``````````` nJ r``````` nf``````` c

G`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` p` nY r````` o````` t````` pMoCG n`````j````` sdG n```` r```` nd

r``` o``` nb pQ`````` oe ```````````````````````````` o`` n```` rMnCG o```` r```` oc ``è

m``` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` n` na `` ````` nY ``` q``` nZ G k```` pF````W ``` j

o``````````` nj pOGh nh (iO n``` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` nH) ` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ` nJ r` nc rPnCG

``````` o`` p`` r `` nj nh , o` `` o` pd` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``ZoCG GP r````` nc

o`` o ````` ``` ``` ``` ``` ``` ``` ``` pY``H oQ ``````à l`````````j n````````` rc pP `````d

G k````````````` nHnCG l s``````````````````````` n` oe n``` `` `` ``j` n ` rdG sEG

n````````````` nS nh r``````````````````````````````````` n pdnCG k pc```````````````````S

```` `` `` `` `` n`S nh nh ki n``` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` nc s```` p`` oJ qnCG

```` n```` nM i```````` nJ r````` ``` ``` ``` ``` ``` ``` nJ```` na ,``` k``` r``` ``` oM

`` og o``` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ```` ndè n``` pd`````` og o`` ``` ``` ``` ``` og nh

````````f n````` n`` rdG n```````` pMhQ n pQ`````````` oJ ` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` q` nM

``````````````````````` n ndG n````````````` pd nP ````````````` r nj ( o``` qdG) nh

````````````````````````` oK nh p````````````` pH G kO``````````````````````````MBG n``````` r sdG nh

` `` ``` n` ng o`` o````` r````` n`` r`` nc GPpEG l` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` re nO

```````````````` nS nh ktdnC````````` nJ oI``````````````````````` ndG s````````````````````` og

`` n` nX rpEG nh r` n` `` `` `` r` nj r``````````````` nd s````````````````````` nM rpEG

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9.10


86

: veY k r na s qndG o n ranCG

1 .? oY qdG nH GP pd

2 .? p pY qdG p r nf a o pF qdG g nQKnCG sdG oj n rc udG e

3 .? n pd ? p nMG qdG nh pQG r p rS pH oj n rdG o o r njnCG

4 .? p p nW n pH os n n nj n rfpEG o n r nj sdG e

5 .. usd k pS oe kfG r oY o nVnCG

. qp rc pQ udG mO r ne oH pj udG o r nN : p pY sdG oI nM .(1893) nY pr s p r ne pO pj r nHnC p nhr nH a n pd oh , ljO nCG nh l uQ nD oe nh l pYT , o qfr odG o ne ordG rJ nQ nOU q nM r s n n rSG nh ,(1912) nY n r ne p pH n s pY rSoCG ( q p n rUnCG) n n nU nQ n rUnCG

.(1920) nY n r ne pO nq p rf n ndG pp rMG q nM r s n n rSG nh ,( p ordG) n n nU nQ n rUnCG s oK

.v pH pZ pG rYpE pH p rn nY n p o na , p p n nU p pN r pe r p p ne nh oe dpEG Y nO nh , pAG nd pH nq rf n ndG tp rc pQ udG n ngL p n rT nC p n pLGnJ nY o p n r nJ nh , mAG rLnCG pI s pY r pe l nYS r ne n og nh , p rYnCG o pc g oR n rHnCG , l qn pr pY nh l s pH nOnCG lQKBG up rc nQ u pd

. p pVG rZnCG nY o qn p nW n rdG p nn nZ , l r ne m r pT oGjO o nd nh , p pfLnCG nh p n n rdG n pe pA udG nh pL udG

r pnJ r nd n nW n rdG nQ nOZ o r oe o o na , n r ne p pH pgnCGh p nW ndG pG p pd p p ndnCG nh p pf r oM r nY p rHnCG p p ng a tc pQ udG o u oj. kfoCG

.(1976) nY hCG jJ - af - 25 a pI n pgd pH tc pQ udG uaoJ

o n rHCG

pIM Y o``` nae njnd (dG ```d) fhdEG p```bdG dEG nO```j rCG p``` ud o```oj

L cCG) QcdG dCJ ,(WdG oYT cQ udG j qdG N) pc pN e pYdG

.2011-1 ,eO ,adG IQGRh ,d qjQdG edG dG GQe ,( ob

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..ccc.c.ccooomhththhhttthttttptp /://///w/wwwwwwwwwwwwwww//


87

1 .: mI n oe mn r oL a n nf sn o rdG n n p n rdG o uX nhoCG

. n nS nh r` n pdnCG k pcS : on r odG

. k r oM m n pfS u oc a inJ rnfc : on r odG

. m` n na ` nY q nZ G k pFW j : on r odG

2 .: pr n rdG n pe o p rn rSnCG

. : p r n na pOGn oe p r n n p nc :fqdG . :( m oH nJ a nS) r n pH k n p nc : p peqdG . : r ndG a pr nJ sOn oe p r n n p nc : p pTdG

3 .. n n r ordG ke p rn r oe (``` nS/ ktdnC` nJ): p np n rdG r ne n r nH e nR n ne p ohsdH o uaCG

. :(``` nS) r ne . :( ktdnC` nJ) r ne4 ..F rf pEG r pe mn r oL a o uXhCG s oK ,( oo r n r nc) p n p nc r ne r nY pS ndG p n r odG a o p rcnCG

: p n p n rdG r ne : on r odG

5 .:J rC nj a pa r nOQh qdG p qdG nah ( mr nY) p n p nc r ne o uHoCG

n nS nh r```````````` n pdnCG k pc```````````````````S ``````````````` nW n rdG pbG pa n r nH o r n rdG : r ndG



88

. pn nrdG p pFG n pH o rQ p o na , nr ndG o rQR : r ndG . o phG nrdG o r n na OGrdG p r pM a or n rdG t onJ : r ndG

6 .:o r pe nh , oAH n oZ z mj nZ{ o r nL

l nS ljnf lnd lnf l na

: o r nL

: u spd r na o uYoCG

1 .: p nH r o r pd n sj p n nrdG nh n s p r sdG nQKBG pHnCG n pe - e nR nh - o p r n rSnCG

o s p r sdG oQKBGo sj p n n rdG oQKBG

oI n r p rdGp r n rdG o nb nQ

. pG n rdG o rg nQ p p nW nh r nY oj n dG

. pj n rdG pI nM a e o n rLnCG p nW n rdG oj n rc pP

. n nW n rdG o pQ oj r ne o pRoj o pFG qdG o r ordG

. p n nr pd ph qdG pG pa or pe p nW n rdG nh p rgnCG oG pa

. nn nrdG pj rc udG nh n rTnCG p r sdG oI nQKpEG

2 .: p n pJBG p n p rdG n pe x o pd p pS ordG pr n rdG n nb nQ oO uMCG


89

3 .:OhQdG eS O ne p pY qdG p r nb n ne o r ne o u n nj sdG nr n rdG oo rcnCG

b rTpEG nh qOh r o nd keG pc k rgnCG pH o rc n nJ r nb G kQj pO rfnCG nr nc nh

4 .: p pH qdG nh pS pO qdG : p r n r n rdG p pN r pe p pO pH p n nW nh p pY qdG n r nH o pH r nJ sdG p nb ndG n n nW o uV nhoCG

5 .. p pTrdG nh p shnCG: pr n r n rdG a nAL e ou pYoCG

6 .: up rc pQ qdG p pY qdG p r nb a p pF qdG pI nQU nr nH - p nY r nrdG a F ne oR nh - o pRGhoCG

m` `` `` n` na ``````` nY `` q`` nZ G k``` pF```W `` j```` n ndG n```` pd nP `` r`` nj o` `` ` q` dG nh

o``````````` nj pOGh nh iO n``````````` nH ```````` nJ r```` nc rPnCG`````````` `` oK nh p```` pH G kO`````````MBG n``` r``` s```dG nh


G kO oe pjdG qHdG p udG nFGQ (1904 - 1838) (OhQdG eS Oe) tdG oYdG t oj qoJ dG (jfS) pI```jL dEG tfjdG odG o nf bh ,``` kfeh kT pHdG pIdG ```a

nVdGh nIM pdG foj n og nNCGh , p qWdG pbGe pH , keY Y S e cC (fjS) ```dG

. pWhh pgCG dEG pMh pdCG e pHdG pT a os oc ndP n qa , nHdGh


90


1 .: prn pHn oe p r n r nd u o pd n sj p n tdG n nd sdG - e nR nh - o uV nhoCG s oK , n s pZn rdG nI n pFrdG oCG n rbnCG

:( k n nM - k oM) :( og - n pd og) :( k n nS - k pcS) :( o p r nj - o o pdZoCG)

: l s pZnH lI npFa

: o sjqdG o nb udG

kW pJQG nh , k sj p nb kn pU f ne nh p``` rdnCG p r nH n r nH s nCG n rh n nj r og nh,f nrdG nY p sdG qdG p``` rdnCH nqj n tdG ``` n rYG

f ne p t n nJ a p s pH n n rdG p n tdG o sb pO o o r nJ nh , p nNBG pH n pe f ne ``` nY t nO nCG p sj n tdG prd nCG n r nH snCG nh ,``` kK nh

, m sUN mrdnC pH pSM nCG nh p``` pY ndG p n rYnCG nh , pUsdG nh , pc n nrdG u nOnCG r nY p rsdGh ,``` pfGR rhnCG n na nh p``` rdnC rG

, l nM ne p n rdG a nh , l nM nU p rL n rdG a nh , lI nh nM pr n r ndG ```a nh , l nL prfnCG a n o na ;( p r ordG) o n p nc n pd nP r``` pe nh

. l nb nd p rNnCG a nh , lI nAV nh pI n n n rdG a nh , l nbT nQ u n rdG a nh , l r nX pudG a nh

: m p r oe p rHG p pY qdG p r nb nh

p pH pG pdG ```````````````````` rjnCG r``` n p nd G k``` pFW jp`` oM GP nh x``` ng GP n```` r``UnC`` na ,```` r`` pe

kH p n r oe , p````W rhnCG n pR``f ,``SnCG ` fGOp`` nW n`` rdG p`` nY G kO`` r`` ne , p``` s``` pMnCG p`` nY


91

2 .:n r nJ x nN pVH pr nS r n rdG n r nH q pe n n sdG n nHLpEG oQ rNnCG

: p shnCG pr n rdG a u p n nrdG p rSoC pd t pZndG oV n n dGo r p rSG nh oM r p rSG o r ordG nh o t nsdG o nj p r tdG nh o t nsdG

.z oo```````` pYH oQ `a lj n rc pP d{ :( ljcP) pc pJ r pe oV n n rdG

oHb g oH oJc o`qb

:z r nc{ r nOaCG z` o p r nj nh o` o pd````````````````ZoCG GP r nc{. pndnCG pI s pT nY n nd qdG n r p rSG p e tdG pI nr nc nY n nd qdG

3 . m r nJ u oc a pc rsdG pGh nOnCG oO u nMoCG s oK , r n rdG pI s ob n r nM n n pJBG pG rsdG - p nY r nrdG a F ne oR nh - ouJ nQoCG

: p nh r nrdG n ra nh

o r sdGoJ r sdGpc r sdG oGhOnCG .G k nHnCG l s n oe njdG spEG .G k nHnCG l s n o nd njdG spEG p G nh .G k nHnCG l s n o nd njdG spEG .G k nHnCG l s n oe oj n dG

4 .:e nR nh o p rn rSnCG

.CG. p rj sOn oe p nj r nJ p pTdG pr n rdG n pe

..v pF rfpEG kc r nJ p pHG qdG pr n rdG n pe nh

5 .. pH n pHYpEG n n nS k u n oe , nr n n rY nCG kI nQU n s nnJ k r nH pI n nrdG n pe pg


92

: o nApH o p n rcnCG nh , u sdG n r nf o sJCG

1 .: usdG oA pH

: n n sdG n nHLpEG o uh nOoCG s oK , p n pJBG pn p rSnCG a F ne oR nh o nb nJnCG .CG? p rHnC pd o sj pQ n r prdG oI n r p rdG e

.: p rHnCG p p ng r pe xnCG a

? p p nW nh nY o pY qdG r nj

? o nH rMnCG nh on rgnCG p p tc n nJ r nY nK s nM

? p nW n rdG a p pJj rc pP r nY n s nY

? p pFG qdG p pn nb r nY n qn nY

:JBG p s n ordG n ra nh , m nF nQ m n pa p nH rQnCG dEG ssdG - e nR nh - o u nboCG , p n pH qdG pHLpEG dpEG pO p rS pH

p nW n rdG dpEG o ndG


93

: p n pJBG p nF sdG pI n r pr pd n sj p nfqdG n n pdG oO u nMoCG

p p nW nh a p pY qdG oj n rc pP

2 .: usdG o r nf

: p r nrd pH n nh r nrdG - F ne oR nh fnCG - oC renCG s oK , n n pJBG n qY rLG nh n s pH nOnCG n udG oCG nbCG

: l s pYp rLpG nh l s pH nOnCG l n pU

pG rT nCG r pe k n pFGQ G kQ n oU t pH n n rdG o r udG r ndpEG n n nM nh , pe rRnCG p n rb nCG o r oe p r ndpEG n nrdG nh p nW n rdG s oM t pH n n rdG n n``` nY

p pR n pd l rc pP rhnCG p nW n rdG ```dpEG l nM a nh qpEG k s pH n nY kI n nb n``` p nJ r nCG oQ o r nj nh , r p pfW rhnCG dpEG r``` p p nM nh pAG``` n tdG

pG p pd p nj nrdG p n pcrdG p``` pSM nCG nh u pH n n rdG p pY qdG pG rL p pH l n pnr oe l``` n pWY . p nW n rdG u o pH n sdG nh pQ```j udG nh

p pU nY nh SnCG p``` pY ne n r nH p p nW nh ```dpEG p p nM r nY p rsdG n``` r pY t pH n n rdG o pY qdG n n``` ne r nb nh , p``` s pMnC rG nh p``` rgnCG

. p nW n rdG p n pd w``` nM l`` rnJ l n sd na ; p n sdG

pj rnJ nh , o pY qdG o nj ``` sdG ptJ n sdG nh pn n rdG p ndM r nY p rs pd o``` n pVrdG o ranCG p nrdG p pF nb ```a o``` o r nJ nh

prdnC rG nh , pn p rNnC rG nh pQ n td pH pa qdG p p rg pG p nY k r na , p q p oe nh p p rgnC pH o o n rnJ rnfc sdG p n pVdG p nsdG

. p n pM r o rdG p nb sdG


94

: ou nWCG

: oLoCG s oK ,qjnCG pT nQ pY sd n n pJBG n rHnCG oCG n rbnCG

OG`````````````` rdG nJ r sc nP r nb o```r nK jO` q``dG p p``` ``j` n ` pd ` k` u`` n` n` oe

OrdG p p r p pH o rn nL r``` nb r` ncp```` o`` rdG p``` s``` nL `à ```` sfC```` na

``` qeoCG `` `` nJ r`` sc nP r``` nb o`` r`` nK ``j``` q ng ``à n``` rsdG ``` r nJ n``` qjnCG

q nV à oQ`` n`` nJ nh k` na`` r`` nepO r`` n`` rdG n`` na```` ne s`` n`` nY `` r` nJ

M rEG n``` sdG ``` nMoCG ``è ```j nM rTnCG n```V rQnCG ``` r nj o``` sdGh

`` nMG q`` nf o``` r`` p`dG o`Y` q`` dGhp``` rT tdG n``` pba n```dsdG ``` r nj

p n rdG p r ppd o s udG opF ndGu sdG n pe l n p renCG. p sj pR nrdG pHsdG nh p nj p r udG pI nQ qd pH o p rg pG

. p nY rsdG nh SnCG p pY ne nh p r ordG n pe m n r ne o r oW

. o n pVrdG o ranCG

. o n pM r o rdG o nb sdG ordnCG

. p n sdG p pU n pH o p rgG

Arabic_G8_F77_T154.indd 94Arabic_G8_F77_T154.indd 94 12/1/14 12:10 P

كتاب اللغة العربية الثامن - الجزء الثاني

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Transcript of كتاب اللغة العربية الثامن - الجزء الثاني