Научные труды ДонНТУ. Серия: Горно-геологическая
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ISSN 2073-9575 Наукові праці Донецького національного технічного університету Серія Гірничо-геологічна Випуск 2(17)’2012
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В сборнике приведены результаты научных исследований в области современных разработок разведки месторождений полезных ископаемых, маркшейдерского дела и геодезии и др. Рассмотрены некоторые вопросы и достижения в области геологических наук, строительства шахт и подземных сооружений, бурение скважин в сложных условиях.
Transcript of Научные труды ДонНТУ. Серия: Горно-геологическая
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ISSN 2073-9575
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2(17)2012
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1999
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2(17)2012
2012
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622+55(06)
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, . : , 7370 03.06.2003. , ( 1-05/1 10. 02. 2010., 3, 2010; 1-05/2 10. 03. 2010., 4, 2010). ISSN 2073-9575 , 2012
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 38.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 38.
, 9 : m41, m40, m2, l8, l7, l6, l5, l4, k8. 215 . 10,6 . (. 1.). 4,93%, 3,71% 7,98 . 700 1510 . (. 2) . : 0,61,12 ., 12,65 ., 0,681,26 . , , . . m2 m11 , m40 l8 , 6 . (. 2): : m2, : m41, l5 : m40, l8, l7, l6, l4, k8. 2 - .
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l8 1.12-1.64
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m2 0.6-1.98
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161,1 50,8 27
m40 0.7-1.54
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m41 0.63-1.68
1.00 730 1280 97,3 30,7
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, , (Vt), 90 % (. 3). (Sv) 0,8 % (I) 3 7 %, 5 %. (L) 4,1 % (. 3). () 48 %. . , . l8 k8. (13 %) . . [7].
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 38.
3 - . , %
Vt
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25 k8 95.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 87.0 1.0 7.0 5.0 7.7 0.45 C25 95.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 87.0 1.0 7.0 5.0 7.7 0.45
l4 98.0 1.0 1.0 - 93.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 3.7 0.48 l5 97.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 92.5 0.5 4.0 4.0 4.3 0.49 l6 98.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 91.0 - 5.0 4.0 5.7 0.48 l7 96.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 92.5 0.5 3.0 4.0 3.3 0.48
l8 95.5 1.5 3.0 - 92.5 1.0 3.0 4.0 3.7 0.48 C26 97.0 0.9 1.6 0.8 92.2 0.8 3.6 3.8 4.1 0.48
m2 97.0 1.5 1.5 - 90.5 0.5 5.0 4.0 5.3 0.44 m40 97.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 89.0 1.0 7.0 3.0 7.7 0.47
27
m41 - - - - - - - - - 0.47 C27 97.2 1.0 1.5 0.5 89.8 0.8 6.0 3.5 6.5 0.46 -
. (Wa) 5,8 % ( k8) 7.9 % ( l4), 6.7 % (. 4). (Wmax) 13,2-15,8 %. (d.) : l4, l5, l6, l7, l8, m2, m40, m41 (10,2 14,3 %) k8 (d.= 16.9%). (d) l5, l6, l7, l8, m2, m41 , k8, l4, l8, m40 . , , . (. 5). m41 (SiO2 41%), l4 m2 (Fe2O3 25-33 %), k8, l5, l7, l8 (SiO2 >30 %) (. 5). l6 (>10 %). SiO2+Al2O3/ Fe2O3+CaO+MgO1 l4, l5, l6, l8, m2 m40 m41 , , k8, l7 . Na2O 0,64 13,2 %, 3,23-11,14 %. Na2O l4, l6, . , . - . K2O 0,3 2,77 %, 1,07-2,14 %.
(Std) 1,1-5,5 % 2,4 % ( l5) 4,5 % ( k8). l5, l6 (2,4 %), l4, l7, l8, m40 m41- (2,7-3,3 %), m2, k8 . 48-75 % .
5 53 % ( m40 m41), 18-41 % . 3-17 % .
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 38.
4 - -
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% Wa %
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Std %
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25 k8 13.2 5.8 22.1 16.9 4.5 0.012 42.0 31,21 -
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 38.
39,4 % ( l6) 42 % ( k8), 40,5 %. (daf): 74,0 % ( l8) 76.1 % ( l5), (daf): 4,9 % ( l4) 5,2 % ( m2), (N+daf): 18,9 % ( l5) - 21,0 % ( l8). . (Y) 0-
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 38.
8
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D. V. Prihodchenko National Mining University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine Description of Coal Composition and Quality in the Northern Samoylovska Area of Donbass
The article provides a general description of coal seams of Northern Samoylovska area. We summarized the information on the composition and quality of the coal in the main seams. Besides we considered grade composotion and the ways of coal conservation. Key words: coal seam, quality.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 915.
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2. .. / .. . , 2000. 330 .
3. (, , ) / . .. . .: - , 1999. 524 .
4. .. : . . . . .-. / .. . ., 2005.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 915.
5. . . / .. , .. , .. // . 2010. . 4. . 363-369.
6. .. - / .. , .. // , . , 2003. . 102-108.
7. - / [.. , .. , .. , .. ]. ., 2005. 118 .
8. / [.. , .. , .. .] // . .-. . . , 2000. . 81-88.
9. .. - / .. , .., .. // . 1999. . 3. . 9-12.
10. .. - / .. , .. , .. // . 1999. . 3. . 13-15.
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13. .. / .. // . .-. . . , 2000. . 129-134.
14. .. , - - / .. , .. , .. . // . . .-. . . , 1999. . 107-111.
16.11.2012
. . 1, . . 1, . . 2, . . 1 1 , . , 2 , . , -
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 915.
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, , - . N. Ostafiychuk1, V. Podvysotsky1, A. Chashka2, L. Kovalevich1 1 Zhitomir State Technological University, Zhitomir 2 Crimean Department of the Ukrainian State Prospecting Institute, Simferopol
Diamond Deposits Prospecting by Schlich and Mineralogical Methods in Ukraine The paper considers the peculiarities of diamonds prospecting mineralogical methods use in Ukraine in
comparison with the best studied diamond areas (Yakutian, Arkhangelsk and Angolan diamond provinces). The specificity and complexity of prospecting situations in each of these regions are discussed. We provide the description of diamond provinces with regard to their individual features, which should be taken into consideration for a reliable estimatation of their prospects. We studied the typomorphic properties of indicator minerals from sedimentary rocks as compared to similar minerals fromh known kimberlite pipes, this study has confirmed the probability of diamond-bearing kimberlite bodies existence. We made a description of the diamond province in Ukraine and the occurrence of kimberlite and lamproite magmatism in its areas. In the most promising regions schlich-mineralogical analysis has allowed distinguishing more local areas for initial geological prospecting works. Within these areas we have found local sites with spark diamonds, pyropes, and other high-pressure minerals. We considered in detail the Azov part of the Ukrainian shield with pipe or dike kimberlite bodies, in which diamonds were found. Based on the results of experimental work in the kimberlite areas we showed the patterns of behavior and distribution of indicator minerals in the sedimentary process to improve the methods of prospecting works on the Ukrainian territory. We analyzed the distribution of kimberlite destruction products from tube bodies through the river system at different levels of terraces development, and, consequently, in different times of the Quaternary sedimentation. We also studied the typomorphic properties of indicator minerals of Azov sedimentary rocks and compared them to similar minerals from the known kimberlite pipes. The paper provides the recommendations for improving the effectiveness of diamond fields prospecting on the basis of schlich-mineralogical sampling of basal sand-gravel-pebble horizons of terrigenous deposits in prospect areas of Ukraine to directly detect diamonds and diamond association minerals. The conclusions about the prospects of diamondiferous kimberlite or lamproite occurrences in a particular region were made. Key words: diamond, kimberlite, sediment collectors, indicator minerals, diamond-bearing formation,
prospecting situation, schlich and mineralogical prospecting methods.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 1623.
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1. . 400 / . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . . 1992, 1.
2. / [.. , .. , .. , .. ] // . 1987. - 5. . 11-12.
3. .. / .. , .. // . 1991. - 7. - . 36-39.
4. .. - / .. , .. // : . . . - : , 1980. - . 139-143.
5. Adams G.R. Petroscopic observation of rock fracturing ahead of stop faces in deep-level gold mines / G.R. Adams, A.J. Jaqer // J.South African Inst. Mining and Metallurgy. 1980. - vol. 80, 6. - . 204-209.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 1623.
23
6. Xu Yuhyao. Integral movement of with surrounding rock project and character of two opposite radial points moving in same direction / Xu Yuhyao // Journal of China Coal Society. 1989. - N 2.
7. .. / .. , .. , .. . : , 2006. 308 .
8. .. / .. . .: , 1993. 256 .
9. . . / . . , . . // . 1992. - 3. - . 7-9.
10. / [. . , . . , . . .] // . 2002. - 7. - . 7-10.
11. .. / .. , . . // . 2000. - 4. - . 30-63.
12. / .. , .. , .. , . . // . 2000. - 4. - . 92-102.
13. .. , : . . . . : . 05.15.02 / .. . , 2008. 18 .
14. C : 62401, (2011.01) E21 39/00 () / .. , .. , .. . u 2011 01706; .13.12.2010; . 25.08.2011, . 16. 8 .:.
15. .. / .. , .. , .. ; . . . .. // . 2011. - . 9, .1. - . 57-79.
16. : 96816, (2011.01) E21D 11/00, E21D 21/00, E21D 11/00 () / .. , .. . a201000705; . 25.01.2010; . 12.12.2011, . 23. 8 .:.
18.02.2012
. ., . . , , -
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I. Sahno, N. Kasyan Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Peculiarities of Rock Convergence and Support Frame Spatial Displacement in the Mine "Shcheglovskaya-Deep"
The traditional notions about contour area rocks displacements do not allow accounting for certain displays of rock pressure in deep mines, in particular spatial deformation of arch support frames. In some cases it makes it more difficult to provide mining excavations stability. The paper presents the results of the field observation of contour rocks and arch support elements displacements. These observations allow estimating the nature and the value of the horizontal component of dislocations in the direction of the excavations longitudinal axis. The causes of the horizontal component of displacements and its features are discussed. Key words: arch support, displacements, deformation of support frames, horizontal component.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 2429.
622.243.14 . .
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24
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 2429.
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Q 0 Qmax. Q = 0
maxmax Q
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max
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QQ
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25
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 2429.
. 3. k k
(4) .k1k Q = 0 01k1k = 1. Q = Qmax -
= 0. k Q 0 Qmax 1 0 2 (k = f(Q)), - D (. 3).
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k = f(Q) ( k = 0) k = f(Q) ( k = 1) (. 3,). Q = const.
k k . - Q Qmax, .. k.
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maxQ5,0Q (. 3,). k 0,5 1,0 ( -
1 (k = f(Q)) k 0,5 0 ( D 2 (k = f(Q)) . maxQ5,0Q (. 3,).
26
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 2429.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 2429.
k = f(t) k = 1,0. - t (. 4,).
k ( k = f(t) (. 4,). t > .
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1. . . / . . . .: , 1975. 184 . 2. .. / .. , . , . . . - : - ( ), 2010. 275 .
3. : ..1724934 F04B47/00/ . . , . , . , . . , . . . . 19.02 1990; .07.04.1992, N 13.
4. : 58961 F04B47/00/ . . , . . , . . , . . . . 29.11.2003; . 15.08.2003, . 8. 10 .
03.03.2012
. . , ,
-. , , , - . - , , . , - . : , , , , .
N. T. Filimonenko Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Classification of the Types of Liquid Supply by Pumps with Mechanical and Pneumatic Pistons Classification of the types of liquid supply by pumps with mechanical and pneumatic pistons is given. It is
proved that such pumps can supply liquids as stationary, variable, pulsing and intermittent flows. Each type of the supply is characterized by a particular regularity of the change during the supply period and is described by means of the parameters having discrete value or the spectrum of change typical of a particular supply type. The article can be of interest for the specialists, who study the problems of drilling technologies. Key words: classification, frequency, bore hole, washing, liquid.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 3035
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 3035
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P1= Q (h + h 1 ),
P 1 ; V , ; ; Q , /; h ; h 1 .
3
, Q h.
, [5].
: h = dD
H g
V 2
2
+H / V + V 0 2 gdl
o
2
,
, - , H/ ; , ; D d , ; V c = (q + F) / F , /; F , ; , /;
3
2
32
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 3035
q - , /; l , ; g , / ; d , , ; V 0 =
3
2
0Fq , /; F
, . 0
2
:
q = dFl31 dFH 0
20.38 [ 1)84.8(
3 Fd
.131
0
Hh
dl
Hdl 2
0
2F].
, q , .
: = 1.6 (1-
200H
)+0.00054 l, /. ,
0,2 0,3 / . :
q 1= VF0;
V , , /.
V=U+C, U , /; . /.
:
U = K1
)( ,
, ; , , /3; K1 , .
: =
)((
1
)2
2
M
FKVF
1
,
F1 F2 , 2; 2 , , ; 1 , , /3 .
q q 1 , q .
max
max
q , :
Q =
a
c
lgPP
Fq
.2
)()1)( max
3
(
,
33
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 3035
q , /; P ; P - , .
max 3
P c = h - P - P + P , P , ; P , .
P = HcV ; P =
0dl
gV2
20 .
/ : / = ( H
h- 2
00
2
2 FHdgql ) 2
2
)( FqFdg
c . : P = Lb
LbPLLP
1
)( 12,
P , ; L - , ; L - , , L = d
1
1
n
, ; d - , ; n ; = 1.5
22 1)( d
d c
; d d , ; b =
22Fdg
; b =2 TRG
TR2sin
; - , =
3
009407.0d c
; G , /, G =d TR
P Q 0; R , / , R=287.4 / ; T , ; 0 0 , ;
-73, - 1. 1 -73
0.050 0.076 1000 10-12 1000 1.0-1.5 1.25 3/ / 40 3/ 1.25
34
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 3035
35
1.
3. /
4.
5. / .. // : -. - 2001. - . 24.
14.10.2012
, .
. Khalimendikov
t of a One Column Air-Lift Pump for Drilling in the Conditions of Washing Fluid Absorp
tion and the technique of using
Key words: well, airlift, bottomhole circulation, fluid absorption, dynamic level.
/ [.. , .. , .. , .. ] // . - , 1976.
2. .. : . / .. . : , 2000. - . 241. .. .. , .. , .. // : . . . . . 9. : . , 1986. 112 . .. / .. , .. , .. // . - , 1982. ..
. . , . . , . . , . . , , , ,
-73
. -73 , , , . - . -73 . , . , , . . , , , . : , , ,
V. I. Pilipets, V. V. Radchenko, S. A. Zinchenko, Ye. NDonetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine Company "Donetskstal", Donetsk, Ukraine
Developmention We designed a one column air-lift pump OEN-73 for creating local bottomhole fluid circulation during
drilling in the areas of drilling fluid absorption in the wells with low dynamic level. In contrast to existing structures the pump OEN-73 allows adjusting the speed of the ascending water-air flow depending on the well diameter, the type of rock cutting tools, pressure and the compressor entry. The presence of the annular slot of the pair "tapered tip - bell" increases water-air mixture velocity at the expense of the jet kinetic energy. irlift pump OEN-73 can be used in core drilling with core selection. In this case the airlift pump provides reverse circulation, which has a positive effect on the percentage of core recovery. The pump can also be used in drilling without coring, for example in the areas affected by mining excavations, for highly fractured rocks drilling, as well as for oil and slurried liquid pumping from wells. The pump is simple and can be made at the workshops of geological exploration enterprises. We propose a mathematical model of its operait in complicated areas drilling, where the fluid level in wells falls.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
622.142.5 . . , . .
, ,
( ). , , Microsoft Excel. . , : , ..
, , . . . , . . , . . ,
. . , . . [13] , . [4], , 65 ( ), ( , ). , , , , , .
, , . , ( ) , .
. . . . . . : . , . (.1) ..: = 0 ; 0
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
: ) "" ; ) ( , ) , ,
) , , , ;
) . . . , ;
) .
(180)
(0)
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,
. , . , , . "", .
(), , . , .
(.2), .
, :
; 1 ; 2,3 ; 2 3, .. Z 2 .
.
37
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
: X1=53,59; Y1=50; Z1=-124,17; X2=63,87; Y2=50; Z2=-34,08; X3=80,9; Y3=150; Z3=-300,33.
I II III
50
100
150
200
250
300
l5
0
-250
-500
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50
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. 2.
38
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
23 , 2, :
;;;23 232323 ZZYYXX ;25,266;100;03,1723 ;;;23 222 CBA , 2,
2: .025,26610003,17 2 Dz 1 (
) 1,2,3:
;01028283,42719009102817,124283,427150
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nkn
;0900928,4271283,42719009
00 jik ;0;9009;283,42713 n 3 : .09009283,4271 3 DYX 3n : ;0;9009;283,42713 n ` 1 3,
:
39
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
;342744228,00)9009()283,4271(25,266)100(03,170)9009(100)283,4271(03,17
cos
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CCBBAA
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, , , . .
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;1092024,22827,4271
9009 tg .8364 : .8364 : ;360 .8134436002808364 . ..
-. , ,
, . . Microsoft Excel. (. 3).
, 344,29 -, .
. , .
.
. ...
, .
40
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
. 3.
Microsoft Excel
( ).
, , , , .
1. .. : / .. . - [2- ., . .]. .: , 1985. 394 .
2. .. : / .. . - [4- ., . .]. .: , 1979. 440 .
3. ( ): / .. , .. , .. , .. . : , 2000. 526 .
4. .. / .. . .: , 1958. 171 .
24.04.2012
41
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 3642.
42
. . , . . , , . ..
( ). , Microsoft Excel. . , : , ..,
, . V. Myrnyy, A. Korniyenko Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Defining the Type of a Disjunctive Fault according to Prof. P.K. Sobolevskys Classification by Means of Vector Algebra.
We developed a method of defining the type of a disjunctive fault in bedded deposits on the basis of analythical calculations of the classifying feature (the angle between the mixers incidence direction and the vector of the conditional shift of the hanging wing of a seam). We propose a simple algorithm to solve the problem using Microsoft Excel. Thus there is no longer the necessity of massive graphic plotting for identifying the type of a disjunctive fault. The developed algorithms have been repeatedly applied for particular cases and provided the high accuracy of results. Key words: disjunctive tectonic faults, geometrical classification by P.K.Sobolevsky, high dip, classifying angle.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
622.23 . . , . .
, ,
-1 , . APM WinMachine v9.7. , - , , , . : , , , , .
, , . , , . , , .
, , (, , ), , , . .
- . , , , , . , , ( ) 1000 , , .
, .
, .
, , -1 (.1), .
.
. . , . . , 2012
43
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
.1. : ; .
6 17
1 10 15 . 17.
7 4, , 3. 13 9, 10 12. , 17 .
1 , , 6, 6 5, 15 , 9 12 8.
8 17 .
, , . 1 6 4 13. 14 9 . 9 12, ,
.
44
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
11 6 5, 3 .
, , 9, 12 . .
, .
, .
: 0)(hzS 01211 hHGHS , (1)
S2 , 2; 1S , /3; 1 , ; . = m g, ; , ;
, /; . G G m
g2G , ;
, /; h0 , ; , . z h
:
0)(hzS 02221 hHGHS , (2) 2 , .
.
, , 1 2 .
0P
:
= k, , (3) k .
, :
)2(
41 SDD
aSEppcc
, , (4)
. = 3, ; 3 , ; Dc , ; .
; D , , ; S (), ; . 20 .
c DDa ,
: lD
Qp
2 , , (5) l , ; Q .
45
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
Q = 3 ; .
:
= 3 ( + ) (6) 3 . 1,11,2; , , .
, , [4]:
c
cccc
nn
gdLV
tQFFPSP
2)(2 , (7)
, , ; , ; , ; F , 2; F , 2; , . = G /2; G , . ; m , ; , ; , /3; V , /. V =
gmG
2
4
c
dQ
; , /3; . =
2
1 2
2
21
dd ; L , ; g
, /2; Q , 3/; . = 1,5 ; d1, d2 , ; t , . t =.
VS2 .
= + H+ gdDLV
c
2)(
2
, (8)
. = = ; ; D d ( ) , ; L - , ; V , /.
510
V =)(
422
c
DdQ ; =
2
22
21 1
dd (9)
= gVHP a 2
)1(23
, (10) , /3; ; V , /; V = 24
dQ
; d , .
:
46
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
3
)( 2222
c
DDdDpp
(11) , ; d
, . ,
, , .
( ) APM WinMachine v9.7., .
: - , , , ;
- ;
- , , - . (1 2) (.2). , . 3. ,
. ( ) ,
. ,
, , 3,7 , . 21323 6074 .
. 2.
: ; ; ; G3 - ; .
. 3. -
47
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
, .
.
. 4. , .
.4. :1 ; 2 -
,
, .
. 3 , 1000 /3, 1000 .
3,5 . 15620 5344 .
. .
, 1000 59 .
1. .. - / .. , .. . .: , 1968.
2. .. / .. . : , 1961. 3. / [.. , .. , .. , .. ] // . 1976. - 9.
4. .. / .. , .. // . 1981. - 7.
48
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 4349.
49
5. .. / .. . : , 2000. - . 241. 6. .. / .. // . : , 1981.
7. .. / .. // . . . . -. - 2000. - . 11.
18.05.2012.
. . ., . . , ,
-1 , . APM WinMachine v9.7. - , , , , . : , , , , .
V. I. Pylypets , . . Ukraintsev Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Improvement of Borehole Fluid Pumping Tools We designed the packer UKR-1 to install a hydraulically driven submersible pump in a well. Besides we
provide a mathematical model of the packers operation and the technique of its application. APM WinMachine v9.7. helped to obtain a finite-element model of the forces influencing the valve and the packers rubber sleeve. By this model we can estimate the stresses caused by the loading on these items and the operating pressure in the deformed rubber sleeve. Key words: water borehole, packer, hydraulic driven pump, pumping, dynamic level.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5054.
622.812.2:622.235 . .
, ,
.
(). , . , . . : , , . . ,
. , . , . .
, . , . , , . . , .
, , .
. [1] , , . . , i:
);;...;;( 1321 nnnp xxxxxFM
, - i. :
. );;...;;;...( 1211 nn xxF
. . , 2012
50
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5054.
i(mBB) , :
1)]([
];([)( nn
nBBBBi xF
xFmmA , (1)
.
. , , Z, :
);()( ZF . (2) ,
, : )]()...();([)( 21 BB mAF . (3) (1)
, .
. , , , . , (1) :
)(),()()( 321 F , (4) 1(m) ;
2(m) ; 3() . ,
. , . 1(m), 2(m) 3() (m, m, ). 1, 2 3 :
(m) = F(m, m, ) = F(m)F(m)F(). (5) ,
. , (1) . :
1)(0 . (6) (m) = 0 ,
, (m) = 1 , .
[2]. [3] . , .
51
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5054.
, . i = 0 , i = 1 , . [4,5], , :
,
npBB
Mm
,1
,0)(1
,
npBB
Mm
,1
,0)(2
.
50
503 ,1
,0)(
: 1,0...0,8 ; 0,8...0,63 ; 0,63...0,37 ; 0,37...0,2 ; 0,2...0,0 . m > m < , :
)()( 1 , (7) m1BB = + 1m.
1 , . 1 i. . 1 . 1 . (7) i, i:
)2932,3452,2()(1 op , (8) )2932,3871,0()(2 BB , (9) )649,4055,6()( 503 . (10)
1 1(m) 2(m) 3()
()
, 50
-
1,2 0,6 0,6 0,1 1,625 1,2
i
0,8 0,2 0,8 0,2 0,8 0,2
. 1 1(m) 1,2 :
V , 0,9 IV . 0,6 : IV . 50% , 1 . 2(m) (m) 0,6 , VI . V
52
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5054.
(mo = 0,1 ). 3() 50, (50 = 1,625 ). 50 = 1,2 .
, :
(m) = F(m, m, ) = F(m) F(m) F(). F(m, m, )
: 3
321 )()()()( op . (11) IV, V, VI
. 2. ,
5 , 13 , 10 . , . 2
()
m, 1(m) m, 2(m) 50, 3() F(m, m,
) (m) 5 (IV) 0,6 0,2 0,05 0,1407 1,44 0,5901 0,0166 0,255 13
(V) 1,0 0,6497 0,15 0,2669 1,44 0,5901 0,10234 0,468
10 (VI)
1,2 0,800 0,60 0,800 1,72 0,86635 0,55446 0,822
, , . , IV , V , VI . , VI , 10.
1. .. : . . . : . 05.26.01. / .. . , 2011. 37 .
2. .. / .. , .. . .: , 1985. 319 .
3. .. / .. , .. // : . . . . -, 1988. . 56-59.
4. V VI / [.. , .. , .. , .. ] // , : . . . . -, 1983. . 14-19.
5. . . / . . . .: , 1975. 333 .
23.03.2012
53
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5054.
54
. . , ,
. (). , ' . ' , . . : , , .
S. Kalyakin Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Safe Application of Explosives for Blasting in Coal Mines Rock destruction with blasting is the most effective. For this purpose only safe explosives can be used.
However, blasting can lead to accidents caused by the ignition of explosive atmosphere in mine faces. Because sometimes, due to the human factor, it is impossible to precisely estimate the hazard level in a face when applying this or that type of explosives. This paper considers safe use of explosives for blasting depending upon their safety class.
Key words: explosives, accidents, safety.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5559.
662.235 . . , . .
, ,
,
, , , . : , , . .
(). (-), ; ; ; . , (, NO), , , .
, XX , , ().
, , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , .
: , .
. , .. , .
. , , .
, , , . , , , 4-5% 6-8%.
. . , . . , 2012
55
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5559.
8097%. , 74%. () , . , , , () 10-20 1 .
, (815%), 10-1- 1 . , . , , , , [1]. .
, .
. , :
4NaNO2 2Na2O + 4NO + O2 ; NaNO2 +NH4NO3 NaNO3+ 2H2O+N2; 2H2O2 2H20+O2 ; Na2CO3+ 2CH3COOH 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2. 0,012,0% .
, ,
,
, (NaBH4). . , .
. 110% , , , , . : , , , , , , . , , , , , . 10-150 7-150 /3
,
56
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5559.
. , . .[2]
, .
. .[3]
, .
, , , , , .
c , t=85-900C. t=75850 t=800C .
( ) 8085, . . , : 1,25%; 1,50%, 1,75%; 2% 2,2% ( 100% ).
. 8-120, . .
, , , , , (d=5), (. 1).
. 1.
,
. ,
57
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5559.
, , . .[4]
. . 2.
, (
) . ,
. , d=50,63 w-1,79. 0, 796.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
W,%
d,
2. .
, 1, 75
2, 0%. , .
, .
1. .. : / . . . - .: , 2004. 397 .: .
2. .. / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1973. 320 .: .
3. .. / .. . - .: , 1963. 142 .
4. / [.. , .. , .. .]; . .. . - : -, 2003. 95 .
5. / [.. , .. , .. , .. ] // . 2003. - 12.
27.03.2012.
58
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 5559.
59
. . , . . , ,
, , , , . : , , .
E. Ilyina, Y. Mangos Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Critical Diameter Dependence on Sensitizer Content in Emulsion Explosives The article deals with emulsion explosives, which are widely used nowadays in industry, and with their
structure, it shows the results of determination of the variation of the critical diameter, depending on the content of the sensitizer. Also we estimated the optimal content of the sensitizer. Key words: detonation, sensitizer, test.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6064.
622.232 . . , . .
, ,
79/21
79/21. . , . : , , . . (), ,
. 90% . . , [1]. - . . , . (, ) .
, , , , . , . , , , , .
, , , 79/21. 79/21 , , , , .
79/21 .
. 79/21[2] , , , () , . , -400, . .
: , .
79/21 - . , ,
. . , . . , 2012
60
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6064.
.
. , , . , , , 0,5 /3 ( ).
79/21 , : , . - . , . , , , , , . [4].
79/21 , 79% 21% .
NH4NO3, 80,05. 35% , 5% 60% , 20 % [3]. : 169,6 , 160 140 1,7 2,5%. . 169,6 18 , (. 1), . 1,725[3].
: , . 79/21 . , . . 1 III, IV V . , . 1
-
. ,
,
. , %
- ,
3
169,6-125,8 16,75 -2,13 1,55 125,8-84,2 12,24 -1,33 1,6 84,2-32,3 4,17 +0,8 1,68 V - 32,3-(-18) 4,99 -3,3 1,7 V -18 1,6 +1,65 1,72
79/21 .
61
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6064.
, . 1, 2 . 2,0%, 0,2%. , , . , , , , . -.
, , (), . 79/21 -20 -1. , 0,5% . 0,24% 1,02%.
. , 15 . , 3,53. 300 . -1 . 2.
2 , % , ,
100 50 300 + 100+0,24 50+0,12 150 + 100+0,48 50+0,24 120 + 100+0,72 50+0,36 100 + 100+0,96 50+0,48 85 + 100+1,02 50+0,6 70 + 100+0,5 50+0,25 500
+ + 100+0,5+0,24 50+0,25+0,12 300 + + 100+0,5+0,48 50+0,25+0,24 250 + + 100+0,5+0,75 50+0,25+0,36 200 + + 100+0,5+0,96 50+0,25+0,48 180
1
. ,
300 . 500 . 0,24% 300 150 . 1% 70 . , , . ++ .
6 , , .
62
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6064.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2
, %
,
+ 0,5%
. 1. 0,5% 0,8%
.
, . 79/21 +0,02, -3,6. 4280 /, 0,5% 0,8% 4710 /.
79/21 . : , . , , - , , . , . .
79/21,
-20 -1. . : 0,5% 0,8% . . -3,6, 4280 4710 /.
, 79/21- ().
63
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6064.
64
1. . . / . . , . . . [2- ., . .]. - .: , 1977. - 253 .
2. . : http://dkzhi.com.ua/index.php?id=12678&sh. 3. . . / . . , . . , . . . .: , 1988. 358 .: .
4. . . / . . , . . . .: , 1973. 208 .: .
27.03.2012
. . , . . , , 79/21
79/21. . , . : , , .
T. Prazdnikova, M. Rogatko Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Improvement of Grammonite 79/21 Composition and the Techniques of Its Production In this paper we investigate the explosive composition grammonite 79/21. We considered the drawbacks of
its pruduction and application. Besides, we conducted a research to improve its composition and calculated energy characteristics. Keywords: grammonite, composition, characteristics.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6570.
622.215 . . , . . , . .
, ,
, .
. . : , , . .
, (NO, CO2). ().
, , , [1]. , . .
, , , . , ( ). , , . , .
.
: ; ; ; .
. , , . , , , , [2].
- , , , , ., , .
: , ( ); ( ).
, .
. . , . . , . . , 2012
65
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6570.
, , 10-5 , , 10-510-2 [3].
, 1 %; 1 %.
, , .
, , .
, , . , . , , . , , . .
, , , . , - , .
, , . , . . , , , . - (), .. . , 813, , . 36 . , [3].
.
, ( , ); ( ) ( , , .).
, (, , , , , .).
: , (, , , , , -, , , , , , , , , - .);
, ( - , , , , .). :
66
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6570.
- () ;
;
. 1 .
. 1. -
:
, , , , , 150, 200, 300, 1000 , , , 2-85, 20799, 7511903-631. ( 15% 150 , 79% 790 , , 1 ) (6%)
1. 1
% % 1 3,5 35 2,5 25 2 4,0 40 2,0 20 3 4,5 45 1,5 15 4 5,0 50 1,0 10 5 5,5 55 0,5 5 6 5,7 57 0,3 3 7 5,8 58 0,2 2
. : 150
790 20 C 90C.
: QNONHHNONH 3433 , .
1. 80-85C. 5 .
67
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6570.
. ( 2). 2 ,
% ,
1 2,5 6,59 2 2,0 7,15 3 1,5 7,36 4 1,0 8,17 5 0,5 9,59 6 0,3 10,38 7 0,2
2. , ,
, 2%. 0,2% .
3 : , 39,08,0 ,
, , 34 NONH 374,156,1
.
6
6,5
7
7,5
8
8,5
9
9,5
10
10,5
11
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 ,
,
. 2.
400
. 3.
3.
68
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6570.
. 3.
3
, % ,
2,5 1 2,0 2 1,5 3-6 1,0 5-9 0,5 15 0,3 18 0,2
4.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
,
,
1
. 4.
69
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 6570.
70
2,5% ( 1 ). 18 .
. . ,
< 0,2%, . 2%,
.
.
1. . :
http://www.masters.donntu.edu.ua/2008/feht/reznichenko/library/index6.htm. 2. . . / . . . - [2- .]. - ., 1975. - . 36781. 3. . : http://ru.teplowiki.org/wiki/. 4. / . ; . . . . . . - .:- , 1972.
- . 448. 27.03.2012
. . , . . , . . , ,
, . . . : , , .
A. Karyachenko, Y. Mangos, F. Galiakberova Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Emulsifier Content Influence on the Average Size of Emulsion Particles and Emulsification Time
The article considers the basic notions about emulsions, their types and the ways of their production. Our study confirmed the dependence of emulsion particles sizes and emulsification time on emulsifier content. Optimal composition of the emulsion was selected. Key words: emulsion, emulsification, composition.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
553.521 (477.62) . .
, ,
,
, , , . . : , ,
, - , , .
-
, , , -, , , , (), , , .
. , - - . : 1700 / [1]. 600 / , 10 / [1, 2].
, , ( ). , , . , (),, , . (. 1).
. ( 1, 6 . 1) [F, ] . . (, ).
, , . , . - , . , . - 1758 / [1, 2]. , . -- , . , . , .. . 2. . . , 2012
71
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
1 (, %) (14) (57)
- -
-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SiO2 32,70 34,85 33,10 33,94 32,40 27,90 32,88
AL2O3 54,80 51,62 53,88 51,10 53,81 54,07 54,21 Fe2O3 0,02 0,67 1,17 - 0,34 0,08 - FeO 0,07 0,12 - - 0,07 0,37 - MgO 0,05 0,26 0,29 - 1,16 - 0,05 CaO - - 2,05 - - 4,90 - K2O - 0,34 0,13 - - 0,02 0,19 Na2O - 0,28 0,51 - - 0,16 0,07 H2O+ 0,49 - 0,54 - 1,18 1,56 5,40 H2O- - 1,80 0,38 1,16 - - 0,08 P2O5 - - - - 0,12 0,09 0,28
F- 20,40 17,50 13,49 12,84 19,20 20,03 12,20 O=F2 8,57 7,35 5,20 5,30 8,06 8,41 5,25 99,96 100,09 100,40 93,74 100,22 100,77 100,34
. - 1, 5, 6 - .. [3]; 2 .. . [4]; 3 .. [5]; 4 .. [6]; 7 .. , .. [7].
2 (, %)
1 2 3 4 5
CaF2 98,9 94,01 91,61 99,52 99,75 CaO 71,1 . . 51,00 51,10 TR2O3 0,15 0,19 0,31 . .
SiO2 0,93 4,02 0,10 0,42 Al2O3 0,10 1,10 0,28
Fe2O3 0,10 0,48 0,30 0,11 0,04 CaO 0,66 0,78 0,65 . . MnO 0,01 . . Na2O 0,05 0,01 0,02 K2O 0,04 0,03 0,03 S 0,02 0,72 0,84 ... 1,00 1,02 0,49 0,45 CO2 0,2 0,43 . . H2O 0,43 99,80 99,95 99,65 100,42 100,38
/F 51,48/48,52 -/- -/- 51,25/48,75 51,23/48,77
: 1 ( ) [3]; 2 (TiO2 0,04%, MgO 0,44%) [8]; 3 (TiO2 0,04%, MgO
0,44%) [8]; 4 (SrO 0,17%) [9]; 5 [9].
. , , , , . , , . [3], 40 /, 100 /.
72
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
, . (. 3), .. . 3 ( % TR) [2]
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tu Yb Lu Y
21,6 45,1 5,6 17,8 2,1 1,9 0,2 0,6 0,1 5,0 , ,
, . 7,1 /, 4,0 / [1, 10]. , . : TR2O3 - 56,3%, P25 35,1%, ThO2 - 1,2% [3]. . - , -- . -REE.
- .
- - , , , , , . [8], . : Nb25 72 % 76 % - Nb25 29 % , , 25 40 % (. 4). 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nb2O5 72,30 68,20 64,32 46,30 75,69 72,15 51,11 29,20 Ta2O5 5,40 10,65 12,23 31,70 2,52 7,05 16,00 42,10 TiO2 2,07 0,25 0,92 1,59 1,10 0,23 2,40 2,30 : 1 6 ( .. ..
[11]): 1- , 2, 4 - , 5, 6 -. 78 ( .. , .. [3]): 7 -
, 8 - . - -
, (), , , , , , , , , , , [11]. -- - , , , .
, (Fe+3) . Ca, Mg, Fe+2 , .
, , , . .
73
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
[12]. /. , , .
, , , , . , : 1) ; 2) - ; 3) ( ) ; 4) -- , ; 5) ; 6) .
, , , . , , , ( ) .
Fe-Ti . . , , . . . - ,. , - ( ) 500 600 /. , , , .
, , - , . 145 / [2]. . () .
-- () . , , .
, , , ( ) ( ) . , , , .
. , , , [13]. , ( , ) (, ) , .
. [2], , . . , . - - . - - .
74
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
- , , , Y-, , , , , , , .
, , Y REE. , , , , , , REE .
. [1] .. . , , . , , , (). . (+) - . - [3].
, , . , .
. Nb, Ta ( TR/Nb+Ta ( ) 5/4) . ( ) ( ) . . [3]. . -- ( -?) [11]. .
. ( ) . . - , . , - . , , , -. , , ().
. [14]. , , , , , , , , , , .
. - , , , , .. -- ( Y Yb) , .
75
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
. , . , , , ~ 190 160 [15]. , ( , 10 20 /) , , , 2 .
. , , , ( ). . REE.
. [1], 374 / ( 200 /). - ( 1900 /), - , , .
, , - , . . , -
- - , (Th, Y, P) (. 5). , , , . ( ) - ( ), . 5 --
TR2O3 Nb2O5 Ta2O5 ThO2 U3O8 Hf 5,7 0,82 0,013 0,35 0,4 2,5
: , . . , --
150 - 350 /. .
() - , - . , . [2] 22,5 / . .
, - - . , , . , ,
76
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
. , , . [16] , (, ) ( ) . Zr, TR Y.
( ), , . 6. 6 ( -) ( )
,
( %) F 0,22; .; CaF2 0,1 ( );
. . F 0,56; 0,2;
0,4
(TR) (/) -
TR 700; Y 280; Yb 30; La 140;
, , , ;
25; 245; 300
TR 170; Y 13; Yb 1; La 30; 5-10; 155
(/) Li2O 30; Rb2O 290;
BeO 5; Ta 15; Nb - 60
Li2O 270; Rb2O 950; BeO 30; Ta 45;
Nb 290; 13 , . 6
: 1.
: - : - + + + + + + , ( ), - .
, , : + - Li-, - , , . .
2. , , , . , , , - ( ) . - . , , .
3. . REE Zr , , - , Nb, Li, Rb, Sn .
1. .. / .. . .: , 1973.
310 .
77
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7178.
78
2. .. / .. . .: , 1967. 447 .
3. / [.. , .. , .. .]. .: . , 1981. 431 .
4. .. / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1965. 204 .
5. .. / .. . .: . , 1956. 68 . 6. .. . . 1 / .. // . .: , 1940. . 171-175.
7. .. i i / .. , .. // . . 1970. . , 11. . 379-382.
8. .. / .. , .. , .. . .: . , 1973. 160 .
9. .. / .. , .. , .. //. . 1969. . , 4. . 322-325.
10. .. / .. , .. // . . -. . . - 1986. 13. . 51 55.
11. .. / .. , .. // . 1968.
12. .. / .. , .. // . . . . 1967. 12. . 1055-1057.
13. .. / .. // . 2000. 1 (1013). . 21-30.
14. .. () / .. // . .: , 1972. . 178-184.
15. .. ( ): . . . . .-. : . 04.00.20 / . , 1969. 35 .
16. - / [.. , .. , .. .]; . .. . - : ( ), 2010. 289 .
14.06.2012
. . , , '
' , , , , ' . . : , , , ,
- , , . Ye. V. Sedova Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Accessory Minerals of Priazovie Rare Metal Complex as Indicators of Its Ore Content In the granites of this metal complex accessory and metallic minerals typical of rare metal granites are
combined with minerals typical of alkaline igneous rocks with rare-earth mineralization. So there is the necessity of distinguishing between rare-metal and rare-earth mineralization typical of these minerals. Based on the detailed description of accessory minerals the author shows the differences between these two types of mineralization. Key words: accessory minerals, granites, rare-earth-rare-metal mineralization, albitization, greysening.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
79
502:622.03:622.015 . .
- - , ( ), ,
( -
)
. - , , - . : , ,
, , , . (, ,
, , , ) (- , , , , -, ). 60 20 . (), . - .
9.06.2011 [1] - , -- - ( ), - ( ). [1] - 486,44 ; - -, , - 533,05 ; 87,39 . 1000 .
. [2] 1 1960 , - , - .
- , - , - .
. , , - .
1967 - , "".
1993 - " ".
. . , 2012
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
80
1975 , 1403,0 . . 1987 11599 . .
- , : -15/90 "-" 15 ., 27 40 . - : , , , ..
" " - - , , . . - , - .
- , , , , - , , , ( ISO 14001:1996, ISO/FDIS 14001:2004).
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. , , .
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
81
, - , , , , . , .
( 4), 7000 , , 5 . - - . .
, - , . - . - , , . - 2 0,1.
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- :
1. , ;
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
82
2. ; 3. ; 4. , -; , ,
131 . () - : () ( - ) () ( - - , , .. ). , -
1 . 1
/
1 1 - 1 2 4 1 3 3 4 1 3 4 1 - 1 5 2 - 2 6 5 2 3 7 114 93 21
131 97 34 . - ; -
.
1 (. 2) , %
13%
87%
/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6/ 7
. 2. -
.2 , 87% -
, ( 7), - , -.
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 , - [511] 2.
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83
2 1-7. , /
- 1 2 3 5 6 7
(NOx) 1,312 1,312 1,451 1,185 0,001 3,409 (SO2) 0,658 0,658 0,725 0,591 0,220
(CO) 3,185 3,193 3,631 2,961 0,002 0,678 - 0,022 0,025 0,054 0,240
. 2 . 3 3() 3() , ( 7) -
(NOx) (39%) - (83%) . - , 7 67 -, 960587,38 3, (). - . - , , - , 2 3
) (NOx), /
15%
15%
17%14%
39% 12357
) -,
/
8% 9%
83%
237
) (SO 2 ),
/
23%
23%25%
21%8%
12357
) (), /
23%
23%27%
22%5%
12357
. 3. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7. 3() 3() ,
(SO2) (CO) ( 1, 2, 3, 5) 2127 %. 8 % (SO2) 5 % (CO). , -
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
84
, (). - , - . , -, : 76,2 , 2998,86 .
( 7), - , - . , ( 1, 2 ,3, 5), - - - .
1, 2 ,3, 5, 6, 7 - . 3. 3 1, 2 ,3, 5, 6, 7
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-
2 -
3
-
5
6
7 -
9,54 9,58 7,84 8,21 0,07 2436,20 3 -
( 7). . 4 , , -
4 , - 1, 2 ,3, 5, 6, 7
1
2
3 -
5
-
6 - -
7
: NOx, SO2,
CO; , -; , -
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, , , : ,
-;
SiO2,
: NOx, SO2CO; :
Fe, Mn, Cr; , -,
, : -, - SiO2,
: NOx, SO2, CO; , -;
,
-
: NOx, CO;
-: Fe, Mn, Cr;
SiO2, , , -
-
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: Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu,Ni, Hg, Pb,
Zn; SiO2, , , ;
- :, ; : ,
-,
7 13 13 7 9 23
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(/ 7). , 90 % ,
. . 5 (/) 7
, 5 , - 2425,68 /. (500 /) 5 . -
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15 34 , - .
3,4 / 1,5 / , 20-70% 70 %, - 3,3 /, (3,0 /).
, 1,5 /, - 0,1 /.
( , , , - (SiO2 < 70%)), (1,5 /), . 5 (/) 7
, / 3,4
0,2 0,7
0,3 (SiO2 > 70%) 3,3
(SiO2 20-70%) 3,3 (SiO2 < 70%) 0,4 - 0,2
1,5 2425,68
6. 6,
(/ 7). , -, .
7 , - 6 -
. / -
NOx SO2 CO .- -
- - /
/ 1 2 3 4
1 + ++ +++ +++ - ++ + 2 ++ ++ +++ +++ + ++ ++ 3 ++ ++ +++ +++ + ++ ++
4 + - - - - + + 5 -
+ ++ ++ ++ - ++ ++ 6 ++ + - + + + +
7 +++ +++ + ++ +++ +++ +++
*+++ ; ++ ; + - ; * - (< 0,001)
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
86
7 / -
/ -
(/) , /
1 - -
2425,68
2
, , ,
4,3
- 0,2
3
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1. -
1,2 . . - .
2. (2), , - . , , - , - .
3. , , : -, , . , - 4,13 . .
4. , 1,2 ., - .
1 . - :
http://www.ukrrudprom.ua/news/Rinat_Ahmetov_osvoit_novie_mestorogdeniya_ogneupornih_glin. 2. . - : http://www.gold.dn.ua/catalog/5/16752/. 3. - . - , 2007.
4. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, - - . 2008.
5. . : 238 84001-106-89. : , 1989.
6. - . - : , 1989.
7. . . 34.02.305-2002. - , 2002.
8. -. - .: , 1986.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 7987.
87
9. ( ) -. . . : , 2004.
10 . - , 1999. 11. - ( ). - ., 1992.
14.06.2012
. . - - , - (), , ( )
- . , - . : , , ,
, , . Ye. Donchenko Ukrainian State Research and Design Institute of Mining Geology, Rock Mechanics and Mine Surveying, Donetsk, Ukraine
Environmental Aspects of Clay Deposits Mining in Donetsk Basin (in Novoraysk Clay Deposit) We analyzed one of the environmental aspects of refractory clays mining the emissions of pollutants and
their impact on the environment. We considered the main sources of emissions and the main pollutants emitted in the process of clay production. Key words: deposits of clay, sources of emissions, emission, production process, ecological aspect, air pollution.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 8892.
88
622.831.1 . .
, ,
. , . , . : , , ,
.
: , , . , , . , , , , , ( ), , , , . .
(. . 1). , [1]. , . 1 , .
. 1.
(PMOS)
[2] ,
4
6
10
. . , 2012
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 8892.
89
(VI) () . : X(1)(VI), Y(1)(VI), (1)(VI), X(1)(K), Y(1)(K), (1)(K). 0.6, [3].
(. . 1) 7- , 7, 0,36 .
. 2.
(7- , , )
: X(2)(VI), Y(2)(VI), (2)(VI), X(2)(K), Y(2)(K), (2)(K). 7- VI (. . 2). : X(3)(VI), Y(3)(VI), (3)(VI), X(3)(K), Y(3)(K), (3)(K). 1 - ,
(1) - (2), . X(1) - X(2), Y(1) - Y(2),
VI -28 +0,278 -0,162
K -28 +2,157 -0,003
2 -
(1) - (3), . X(1) - X(3), Y(1) - Y(3),
VI +14 -0,217 +0,168
K +13 +1,843 +0,091
4
6
10
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 8892.
90
(. . 1 2), ( ), .. , , , , . , ( 22 yx ), , .
, . ( 7- ), .
3 . 3 . 3 -
, X(K .) - X(K), Y(K .) - Y(K),
0,000 0,000 0,000
0,100 0,091 -0,054
0,200 0,176 -0,104
0,300 0,267 -0,158
0,360 0,319 -0,188
0,000
0,100
0,200
0,300
0,360
0,000
0,050
0,100
0,150
0,200
0,250
0,300
0,350
0,400
1 2 3 4 5
,
, X(K .) - X(K), Y(K .) - Y(K),
. 3. 4 . 4
.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 8892.
91
4 -
, . X(K .) - X(K), Y(K .) - Y(K),
0' 0,000 0,000 1' -0,020 0,024 4' -0,090 0,104 7' -0,157 0,182
0,000
0,020
0,040
0,060
0,080
0,100
0,120
0,140
0,160
0,180
0,200
0' 1' 4' 7'
,
,
X(K .) - X(K), Y(K .) - Y(K),
. 4. , 3 4,
: 1. .
2. , . , .
1. . - .: , 1985. - 34 .
2. . . PMOS / .. // . - 9, . 2. - . 37-42.
3. : . . - ., 2001. 264 .
08.06.2012
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92
. . , ,
. , . , . : , , .
A. Grischenkov Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Assessing the Impact of Gross Errors on the Location of the Most Remote Site of a Network We considered the results of the study of how gross linear and angular errors influence the accuracy of
finding the coordinates of a remote point of the plane surveying network. When there is a gross linear error in the reference network, the error of plane coordinates of the remote point is comparable with this gross linear error or makes up more than half of its value. Gross angular errors affect the accuracy of surveying networks less than gross linear errors. Key words: processing of underground reference networks, gross error.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 9398.
621.695 . . , . . , . . , . .
, ,
. , . : , . 1. . C 1980 45%. 2030
70%. .
- , .
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- , .
- , . , .
.
.
, , . . , .
.
.
2. . ,
.
. . , . . , . . , . . , 2012
93
-
ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 9398.
3. . [1],
. , . .
.
4. .
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1
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.
.
94
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 9398.
11nQ
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95
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 9398.
nHhhbb
nHh
hbb
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>1,
1)1)1(
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96
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 9398.
.2, .
. 2.
5. .
.
, .
.
.
1. .. / .. // . 1967. - .9. . 96.
2. : / [.. , .. , .. , .. ]. : , 1982. 64 .
97
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17)2012. . 9398.
98
3. .. / .. , .. // . . -. 2008. - . 7(135). - . 108-113.
07.09.2012
. . , . . , . . , . . , ,
. , . : , .
A. V. Ignatov, A. P. Stegnienko, T. Y. Varavkina, D. A. Atroschenko
Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption during Tanks Draining by Means of Single- and Multi-Section Airlift Units. Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
The paper considers the question whether the use of multisection airlift units will reduce energy costs. We found the dependences for determining the maximum permissible value of the relative depth of the airlift mixer, at which the energy consumption of a multi-section unit is less than the energy consumption of a single-section unit. Keywords: airlift, energy consumption.
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ISSN 2073-9575. . : -. 2(17) 2012. . 99103.
528.721 . . 1, . . 2
1 , , 2 , ,
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V. Katushkov1, A. Lunov2 1 Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kiev, Ukraine 2 Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine
Rectification of Non-Metric, Terrestrial, Raster Images to Phototriangulation In this paper we have analyzed in detail the method of rectification of images obtained in the close range
photogrammetry with a non-metric camera, in order to eliminate the errors of optical distortion. Eliminating distortion is made on the basis of the coefficients of the systematic errors by reverse transformation. Rectified images are virtually free from the influence of distortion and, in most cases, can be used for photogrammetric purposes along with specialized cameras. Key words: distortion, calibration, non-metric camera, rectification.
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