50

. 5 7 7 .

. 1960-70 . . 1980 . , , . . , . . , .

. . . . , , ,

50 2

, . 46 .

. 1978 9 1 ( , , : ) 20 , 2006-7 2 ( , : , : ) 30 . 2008 1 3 , 19 14 , , , 33 4 .

, . .

2011 12

50 3

50 .

. , .

, . .

.

50 , .

.

ICAO

50 4

Forte de plusieurs milliers de membres, la communaut corenne de Montral est active et sa contribution au dveloppement de Montral est souligner. Un ouvrage comme celui-ci nous permet de mieux connatre son histoire et ses ralisations.

Je suis convaincu que nous serons nombreux vouloir prendre connaissance de ces Cinquante ans de la vie des Corens au Qubec . Cest un ouvrage important pour nos concitoyens dorigine corenne puisquil commmore le 50e anniversaire de leur installation ici. Il lest tout autant pour lensemble des Montralais puisquil met en lumire une partie de notre histoire collective.

Je sais que M. Joseph H. Chung, le prsident du Comit de rdaction, a cur lpanouissement de ses concitoyens dorigine corenne et leur intgration harmonieuse au sein de notre collectivit. Je tiens le remercier ainsi que ses collaborateurs de nous permettre de mieux connatre des gens qui ont pris racine dans ce terreau qubcois et lont enrichi de leur culture.

Grald Tremblay

Maire de Montral

50 5

(Epilogue)

. .

. , ? 4 .

. 50 , .

. . 2006 .

. .

2011

50 6

(), (), (), () () . . .

. , (, Korean, ) (, Korean, ) (, , ) . . , ( ) . .

() ( ) ( / ) . ( ) ( ) (overseas Korean groups) . 750 . (, Korean)

50 7

. , , , . () . () ( ) , .

. (1 , 1.5 , 2 , ) ( 1 1.5 , , , ), 7 . (global Korean network) . () . .

, () ( ) 2 3 / , , , . , , , , , .

..

50

8

(Quebec) 1950 . (Laval) . 1967 . 2011 7 .

. , , 1960-80 , , , , ,

. . 10 . . . , , , , . . . .

. ,

..

50

9

. , , , , , , , , , , , . . .

. . . , , . . , , . .

. . . 2011 , , .

. . 3 4 120 , , , . . 50 2 ? 4

..

50

10

.

50

11

() --- 1

( ICAO ) --- 3

( ) --- 4

---(Epilogue)--- 5

--- 6

---(Prologue)--- 8

1 : , QUEBEC !

1 : , , --- 16

2 : --- 26

3 : , ! --- 39

50

12

2 :

4 : --- 53

5 : --- 72

6 : --- 98

3 :

7 : --- 155

8 : --- 197

9 : --- 221

10 : --- 233

11 : --- 252

12 : --- 277

13 : --- 298

14 : --- 310

15 : --- 321

16 : --- 326

50

13

4 :

17 : --- 336

18 : --- 342

19 : --- 353

:

1: --- 358

2: 1 --- 360

3: 2 --- 362

4: 3 --- 366

5: --- 369

6: --- 373

7: (: Sommaire franais) --- 375

8: (: English Summary) --- 401

, ,

50

14

1

, QUEBEC !

2011 750 . 370 , 240 , 65 15% .

7 5 . , , , .

, ? 1 () . 1 .

, ,

50

15

< >

1

, ,

50

17

1

, ,

2010 25 . , , .

1.1

. , . . . , , , , , .

. , , , ,

, ,

50

18

. . , , , (Ombudsman) . , , .

. , , , .

. . . . . .

1,000 km2 100 34 km . (state) (province) . 10 3 . . , , , , , , .

, ,

50

19

10 & (Newfoundland & Labrador) , (Prince Eduard Island) , (Nova Scotia) , (New Brunswick) , (Quebec) (Ontario) , (Manitoba) , (Saskatchewan) , (Alberta) (British Columbia) . 3 (North West Territories), (Youkon) (Nunavut () ) .

. . . 6 .

. . , . 3 1 .

48 . 60%-70% . 2 . .

, ,

50

20

. . (McGill) , (Toronto) , BC . . . . .

, , . . . . . , , .

. . , , .

, ,

50

21

, 15% . .

( ) . ( ). , , /// , . . .

. (Mosaic) . - (Melting Pot) (Mosaic) .

. () .

, ,

50

22

, .

1.2

, . . . 2005 GDP(9790 US$) 9 . GDP . GDP . , . (Gini) . . . 10 0.34 0.31 . .

. . . ( 2 5

, ,

50

23

3 ) . 18 . 2 ( Pension funds Old Age Income Security) . ( 18 10 ). 2 5 . . .

. . GDP 42% 33 % . . 5,000 4,000 . .

, . . . 2003 10 704 , 509 . 32% . 10 (11,152), (10,243), (9,767) 8,042 . . .

, ,

50

24

1.3

(, ) . 1) , , , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) , 6) .

(Index of Liberty) 159 3 , (Index of the Freedom of Press) 180 13 , (Index of Global Peace) 140 11 , (Index of Democracy) 167 11 , (index of Corruption Index) 180 9 , (Index of Environmental Sustainability) 111 6 , (Index of Human Resource Development) 180 14 , (Index of International Competitiveness) 55 8 , (Index of Economic Freedom) 157 7 , (Index of the Soundness of Banks) 134 1 . .

, , . . . 100 4 . . 2 . , , .

, ,

50

25

.

, , , , ... .

2

50

27

2

. 250 ( ) .

50

28

2.1

1534 (Jacques Cartier) (Gasp) . . 1603 (Samuel de Champlain) , 1608 ( New France) .

1608 1760 , 1758 30 3 . 1 5 . 1760 .

1763 1774 (The Quebec Act) . . .

. . . ,

50

29

. 1960 350 .

1776 , 3 . . , .

1791 (Constitutional Act) (Upper Canada) (Lower Canada) . . . , .

, . 1834 1837 (Louis Papineau) (Revolt of the Patriots) .

, 1840

50

30

. 1849 , (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick) . 1867 7 1 (Dominion of Canada) . 226 (1534-1763) 104 (1763-1867) . 4 (, , , ) . 1870 , 1871 , 1873 , 1905 . & 2 1949 .

(British North American Act). . , , , , . , , , . 1 2 .

() . . 1960 . .

50

31

2.2

1960 . 73% . 30% . . .

. 1940 (Maurice Duplessis) (Union Nationale) . . , .

. 1608 1960 . 350 . 20 .

50

32

2 . , , . (George Henri Levesque) (Gerard Dion) , (Louis ONeil) . (Pierre Eliotte Trudeau ) .

(Quiet Revolution)

. , , , , . .

1960 (Jean Lesage) . 1970 FLQ( ) . (Sun Life) . .

. 1960 . 1964 , / 1969

50

33

. 350 .

(CEGEP - ) . 2 , 3 . . , (lUniversit du Qubec) . . .

. 1960 . . . , (course cacique) . . .

1960 . 1960 1990 30 . , , , , .

50

34

. 1960 27% 1990 5% . . . (Bombardier) . . .

2.3

, , . 10 4 1 . 2009 2,657 2 .

GDP

2010 (1000 )

()

1 GDP$ (2008 )

GDP

CANADA 34,108 9,093,507 48,013 100

N. L. 509 373,872 36,653 76

P.E.I 142 5,660 33,333 69

Nova Scotia 942 53,338 36,341 76

N. Brunswick 751 71,450 36,653 76

50

35

Qubec 7,907 1,365,128 39,057 81

Ontario 13,210 967,741 45,194 94

Manitoba 1,235 553,556 42,346 88

Saskatchewan 1,045 591,670 64,534 133

Alberta 3,720 642,317 81,188 169

B. C. 4,530 925,186 45,103 94

Northwest T. 44 1,183,085 114,398 238

Yukon T. 34 474,391 58,429 121

Nunavut 33 1,936,113 48,133 100 N.L.: Newfoundland and Labrador P.E.I.: Prince Edward Island B.C.: British Columbia

2.4

. . 0 % . 66% . 10 .

. 1967 . , .

50

36

(Application for permanent residence within Canada) (Citizenship and Immigration Canada) CSQ(Certificat de Slection du Qubec) .

2.5

, !

2011 800 70% . . . 1763 . 3 . . .

(, , , ) 10 51% 2008 57% . . .

50

37

.

. . (PANA) .

1867 (French Canada) (English Canada) . . . (Nationalists) . . .

1980-90 . . 1980

50

38

--(Sovereinty-Association) 1 . 1994 2 1% . (Jaques Parizeau) .

. , . (Distinct Society) , .

, ( ) 20 , . , .

3

, !

50

40

3

, !

Ville-Marie( ) , Mont Ral(Mount Royal in English) . (?) .

- . , 1 5

( 4,259km2 ).

2011 400 .

. (Laval) (South Shore/Rive-Sud) 120 5

. .

, !

50

41

56% 2 (, , ) 67% 16% .

, , () (Paris) .

.

.

, , .

, !

50

42

3.1

1535 (Jacques Cartier) (the village of

Hochelega) (Samuel de Champlain) 1605 . (Iroquois)

. 1642 (A mission named Ville Marie/City of Mary was built in 1642 as part of a project to create a French colonial empire)

.

1760 Ville Marie .

190 1832 . (Lachine Canal)

. 1844 1849 (United Province of Canada) . 1867

.

1801 9,000 , 1911 467,986, 1951 1,036,542 , 1971 1,214,532 ,

1991 1,017,666 . 1950 -(St-Laurence) , 1967 (Expo), 1976 .

, !

50

43

. 1931 (Sunlife) 1962-64

(Tour de bourse, ), (Place Ville Marie), CIBC , CIL . 1992 ( 350 ) 1000 de la Gauchetiere 1250 Rene Levesque

.

International Air Trasportation Association IATA), International Council of

Graphic Design Association (ICOGRADA), International

Bureau for Childrens Rights (IBCR), International for the

Prevention of Crimes (ICPC) .

3.2

, , , .

, !

50

44

. . .

. .

. . . .

, , 3-6 . .

. .

40% . 2011 1 2,000-3,500 ( 30% ). 2006 100 1 5

. .

, !

50

45

(CEGEP) . 2-3

. . 1980-90 .

. .

.

.

(Montreal), (Concordia), (McGill) . (170 km2) 9 . (Bishop),

, , (Laval) (Sherbrooke) . 2 . 1821 , 1878 .

1974 (Sir George William) (Loyola College) . 1663

(Franois Laval) . 4 H.E.C.( ), (Ecole nationale dadministration publique:ENAP)

.

, !

50

46

.

. . 21

. . ( ) .

. 60% . 2008 120 . (Bombardier), (Bell Helicopter), (Textront) . Bombardier, Paccar, Nova Buseemdmfl 72 3 5 .

. (Auto Desk Media, Entertainment Tooa Boon), . . 8 . Astrazzenneca, Bistol-Myers Squibb, Johnson&Johnson, Pfizer 3 2 .

, !

50

47

10 IT . IT 52% IT 62% . IT Zone IT Building . .

. 33 . . (EUREKA Festival) .

. . 2007

.

. 3

(beach) .

. -

, !

50

48

. (Mt. Royal)

.

. , . 30 km , 2 ,

, 200 1,700 , 37 . 50 .

125 .

. 2 (Mois de noirs) .

(Boat Race) . (Weekend du monde) .

10 (Intercultural Week) .

(International Jazz Festival) 400 50 .

(Just for Laugh) 2 50 . (Franco Follies: French Musical) 1,200

70 180 .

, !

50

49

.

, .

. .

. ,

.

(2001 )

($) ($)

1.

Toronto 84,016 251,528 3.00

Vancouver 70,196 285,910 4.07

Montreal 68,016 125,744 1.84

2.

, !

50

50

Toronto 64,570 251,528 3.89

Vancouver 48,678 285,910 5.87

Montreal 61,445 125,744 2.04

, . 2001

. 1.84 3 , 4.07

. . 2

6 .

2008 . 2008

85% ($258,041) ($593,767) 69% . ( 75% vs. 63%).

. 2008 ($1,124), ($1,095), ($659) . 40%

.

, !

50

51

.

! .

50 52

2

10

Bonjour !

.

4

50 54

4

3 5 1970 . 1967 , .

1967 . .

45 1965 . 300 . 2 1967 . (Expo: 1967.4.28 - 1967.10.5)

50 55

. (KOTRA) .

44 . , 1980 15 1980 () .

4 .

4.1

. 1949 . 5 1954 . 1972 .

() . 1993 1955 1957 4 17 . 1

50 56

1958 . . .

1959 10-20 . 1964 . 1960 1965 300 . 1965 1 10 ( ) .

( 2 UN ) . (1965.2.21). . 8 3 KOTRA (1966.1.28).

1967 5 () (1967.5.30).

50 57

4.2

1970 , , . 1967 (ICAO), . 1972 1974 . 1974 . (1968) , (1970). (1968), (1974) .

(Civil Status) , . 1967 1970 .

1978 154 89.6% 138 1968 . ( )

50 58

. . 1970 1 (220 270 ) .

. 90~110 , . (Perrette Dairy) 200 30% . .

1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

1 0 0 2 0 3 2 2 6 4

% 0.6 0 0 1.3 0 2 1.3 1.3 3.9 2.6

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

12 6 9 10 19 24 33 10 7 4 154

7.8 3.9 5.8 6.5 12.3 15.6 21.4 6.5 4.5 2.6 99.9

: (1978 )

50 59

6-7 2 . 1978 78.9% 123 1967 1975 9 . 1975 33 21.4% 1974 24 15.6%. 1975 1976 6.5%(10 ) 1977 4.5%(7 ), 1978 2.6%(4 ) .

10 . 2 1980 . 88 , . . . 1990 (Dpanneur) 200 . .

1993 7 ( - / ) 3 (1992 ) . 15

50 60

3 . 60% 1986 55% 21%, (14%) (10%).

2001 . 2001 1 1.5 ( 3,130 ) 84.7%(2650 ) 1981 . 1988 1986 10 . .

1. (1 1.5 ) ()

1971 85

1971-1980 395

1981-1990 1,300

1991-1995 570

1996-2001 780

3,130

2. 840

3. 490

4,479

:

50 61

( )

1996 . . 2000 .

:

CSQ

1996 334

1997 554

1998 663

1999 983

2000 715

2001 646

2002 565

2003 246

2004 234

2005 272

2006 329

2007 177

2008 204

50 62

() () . , , , , , . 30-40 .

4.3

2011 6 5 87% 5 7 . (, 2011 7 )

4 1 . . 15 (2006 ) .

? ()

1) (15 15 )

2) (15 13 )

3) (15 10 )

50 63

4) (15 7 )

2001 2006 2011 2017

Canada 92.3 127.7 161.8 202.4

Quebec 4.0 5.3 6.5 8.0

Ontario 51.4 69.6 87.2 108.6

Alberta 6.9 10.0 13.0 16.4

B.C. 27.0 39.8 51.4 64.9

Montreal 3.4 4.6 5.7 7.0

Toronto 41.1 55.0 68.6 84.4

Vancouver 25.4 35.9 45.8 57.4

Calgary 3.6 5.7 7.7 9.8

Edmonton 2.3 2.9 3.6 4.4

: ( 1000 )

? (, ) (15 15 ) (15 12 ) .

50 64

CSQ

:

CSQ( ) 1990 1999 . . ? . CSQ

50 65

42% 5 .

CSQ (2001-2006)

2,292

2006

2001 (3,980 )

+ CSQ (2,292 )=6,272

2006

5,300

972

972 / 2,292 x 100% = 42%

:

4.4

. , .

50 66

. 5% .

. .

.

(2011 )

(%) 2001-2006 2006-2011 2011-2017

Canada 38.0 26.8 25.9

Quebec 29.3 22.6 23.1

Ontario 35.4 25.3 24.1

Alberta 44.9 30.0 26.2

B.C. 47.4 29.1 26.3

50 67

Montreal 35.3 23.9 22.8

Toronto 34.1 24.7 23.0

Vancouver 41.3 27.6 25.3

Calgary 58.3 35.1 27.3

Edmonton 26.1 24.1 22.2

:

2020 1 . .

. , .

2010 899 . 1962 (386 ) 1976 (4 6533 ) . 1970-1980 1960

50 68

. 88 IMF .

10 . 2000 1 2010 1,000 . 2003 (9509 ) 2010 (899 ) 8 90% . .

2010 899 . 2010 , . . , 5 7 2025 4 , 2 .

10 () .

4.5 (Back to Korea)

2010 4 31 .

50 69

63% 1970-1980 70-80 . U-TURN . (17%), (8.8%), (4.9%), (3.2%) .

1990 . 1990 5 IMF 1996 5,436 . 30-40 . 4 .

1 . (25.8%) . . . ( ). . .

. . , . . 1970 2010 ,

50 70

.

1 . . .

4.6

2000 . , . .

(2006 ) . . . ( ) . .

50 71

2010 . (Self Employee) . , , .

. . 3 . .

. . . , . 8 () 18 ( ) .

5

50

73

5

. , . .

. , , . 3-5 , 5 . . .

8 , , .

50

74

( 3-5 )

( 5-10 )

50

75

5.1 :

2003

40 .

. .

8 . . , , , , .

. , (Social Insurance Card), (Medical Insurance Card), , . .

50

76

.

. . .

. . . . , ( ) . (www.montrealkorean.com) . .

. , , .

50

77

. ( , ) , , // . .

5.2 :

1977 . , , . .

. , , . .

50

78

(Networking) . . .

. ( ) . . (Parent & Teacher Meeting) .

-

(%) (%) (%)

25.7 17.5 6.7

45.9 46.3 20.0

28.4 36.3 73.4 : , / (1993)

50

79

. . . (Classe daccueil, Welcome class) . . .

. 6 . . .

. 30% . . . / .

50

80

(:155 )

(%) (%)

54.7 46.0

27.9 8.3

34.9 15.5

23.9 8.3

40.5 15.3

:

. . CEGEP . . . .

50

81

. A+ .

. . .

(:146 )

(%) /(%)

33.7 18.0

16.5 11.5

20.0 6.6 :

50

82

5.3 :

. . .

. 1993 74.4 % . . 75 58.9% (), 5.3% , 6.7% , 4% , 2.7%, 1.3% , 21.3% . 2006 ( 5-4) 1990 . 1990 1970-80 (

50

83

1.5 ) ( 2 ) .

(%) (%) (%)

2001 2006 2001 2006 2001 2006

26.5 15.1 29.5 28.1 28.0 21.6

/ 11.1 13.9 13.2 10.8 12.2 12.4

6.3 4.2 13.2 10.8 9.8 7.5

3.2 0.0 3.2 0.0 3.2 0.0

7.4 13.9 9.5 12.4 8.5 13.2

3.2 10.0 6.4 3.2 4.8 6.6

37.0 35.9 24.2 23.8 30.6 29.9

/ 0.0 1.2 0.0 7.0 0.0 4.1

/ 2.6 1.5 3.7 4.3 3.2 2.9

2.6 4.2 3.7 2.2 3.2 3.2

() 945 1295 950 925 1895 2220

: (MICC, 2006)

50

84

(28.0% 21.6%) . (9.8% 7.5%) (8.5% 13.2%). 1 , . 1.5 2 .

(RBC) 6 2011 1 ( ) . . . .

. . ?

50

85

.

3 , . , , , IT, . / ( ) .

.

40 . 2 (Adult School) 1 . . . 2 (Adult School) . 2 . . . .

50

86

(www.emsb.qc.ca) , , . . . . 3 .

, . . 1 1.5 2 ( ) .

4 () . ( ) . .

6 . . .

50

87

.

(Shop in Shop) . 2 ( 70 ) , DVD/CD/GAME, , , . 50 .

. . . .

2000 . ( 37.7% 27.7%) /( 10.8% 16.2%).

50

88

2000 () , , . 2001-2006 .

(2001-2006) 35.3% ( 3,400 4,600 ) . . (2006-2011 23.9% , 2011-2017 22.8% , ). .

2001 2006 5 . .

50

89

(%) (%) (%)

2001 2006 2001 2006 2001 2006

8.5 4.6 8.9 8.4 8.4 6.1

0.0 1.9 0.0 5.4 0.0 3.4

40.2 29.0 35.3 25.9 37.7 27.7

3.2 2.3 4.7 2.7 3.7 2.5

5.3 13.5 7.4 13.0 6.1 13.3

4.8 9.3 2.4 7.6 6.3 8.8

4.2 9.3 4.2 1.6 4.2 6.1

2.1 2.3 3.7 2.2 2.9 2.3

11.6 17.8 9.5 14.1 10.8 16.2

3.2 2.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.7

5.8 6.2 4.7 7.6 5.5 6.8

11.1 1.5 11.1 8.1 11.1 4.3

()

945 1295 950 925 1895 2220

: (MICC, 2006)

50

90

5.4 :

. , . .

. . 6 12 TV . 7 1 . 10 9 8 . .

50

91

. . 12 . . 3-4 , , .

, . . . 1993 81 . . . .

. . - .

50

92

- . . 1993 .

(:145 )

(%) (%)

53.1 41.9

40.9 42.4

: , / (1993)

3 2 . , , . . .

20 . 2 . , .

50

93

. . . . . .

- . . . - - . . - .

- . - . . - - . . .

(Lee Jee Souk, Intergenerational Conflicts, Ethnic Identity and Their

Influence on Problem behavior Among Korean-American

Adolescents, 2004) .

50

94

-

-

-

-

-

. . . . () . .

1.5 2 1 . .

- ? . . . . 6

50

95

.

. . . , ( 7 ).

( , ) . . ( ) .

2 , 3 . , . , .

50

96

2 , 3 . . , , . . .

. , , , .

, , , , , ( ) .

. . .

50

97

5.5

, () .

. . . . 5 10 .

7 2010 . 1 () . . , , . . () .

6

50 99

6

. , , , 6 .

7 2010 .

50 100

6.1

1 (: 19491964 ) .

2 (: 19651975 ) 10 .

3 ( : 19761978 ) 1976 6 11 , , , , 3 .

4 (: 19792004 ) 25 . , 1.5 , .

5 (: 20052008 ) 20 4 .

6 (: 2009 ) .

50 101

6.2 (1965-1975)

60 1950 20 . . 1964 .

1965 1965 2 21 (1965.2 1966.1) . 1 300 .

1966 2 2 (1966.2 1967.1) . 2 . . . . (2 ) .

1967 2 3 (1967.2 ? ) . , . , . 60 .

50 102

. (EXPO, 1967.4.28 1967.10.5) .

3 1969 6 4 (1969.6 1970.5) . 10 , .

2 1970 6 5 (1970.6 - 1971.5) . 1 1971 6 6 (1971.6 - 1972.5) . () (), (), (), () . , , , , - .

2 . 1) 2) 3) . 8.15 , , . .

7 (1972.6 1973.11) (), (), (), () . (8.15 , , , ) . 7

50 103

. 1 $1,700 (250 ), (200 ), (300 ) . 7 (1973.3.5) .

8 (1973.11 1974.6) 5, 6, 7 3 7 .

9 (1974.6 1975.5) . , , , , , , , . 9 8.15 , , . 9 , .

250 850 . 1967 1970 .

6.3 (1976-1978)

25 , 1

50 104

1970 . 10 11 10 , 11 . .

10 (1975.6 - 1976.9) . . 1966 1 , 10 (1976 6 11 , 3 Libro C-614 Folio 49) . 3 . (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), () .

21 . .

50 105

. . . 10 (1976.4.3) (1976.5.1) .

1976 10 23 , 3 11 (1976.10 - 1978.8) . 2 . 11 , . 1) 2) 3) 4) .

1977 1978 4 5 . ( , /) , 1978 9 16 2 (the korean language school) . .

50 106

1977 2 ( , 22 ). 1978 6 4 . , 33 . 8 Moon Festival(8.24-8.26) .

1976 400 1977 3.1 300 . ( , 6.25 , 8.15 , ) . 1977 6 . . , , , .

1978 9 24 12 . 11 (1976.11.13) (1977.12.17) .

50 107

6.4 (1979-2004)

. 25 (1978 1 2004 6 , ) . .

25 . ( , 7 , , ).

2000 (: 1970 50-60%, 2000 3-5%). 1980 40 2000 60 . 25 ( ) .

( ) ( ) . 2000

50 108

() .

12 (1978.9 1979. ?) 10 . 12 .

13 (1980.1 1981.12) 9 . (), (), (), (), (), (), () 2 , , , , , . . 1980-81 180 765 .

1981 3 , 11 . 13 (1980.8.15, ) 1 56.2% (1980).

14 (1982.1 1983.12) . , , , , . 9 . 14 (3.1 , 6.25, , ) , , .

50 109

14 . . ( , , , , ) . . . 2 (, , , ) . . , . ! ! . . .

. 1982 5 29 4 , , , , . , , , , , , . . 10 . 14

50 110

. 1982 4 1 1982 () 3.1 () () () () () .

14 (1982.6) (1982.8) KAL (1983.9.1). 007 .

50 111

. .

15 (1984.11985.12) 2 . 15 , , , , . 15 3.1 , 6.25, , , .

50 112

, , , 3 . () , () .

1984 .

16 (1986.2 1988.1) , , , , , , . 16 1988 2 18 16 16 .

50 113

16 . . 27 .

16 . 3.1 , 8.15 , , . 3 .

. (1986.11.28) (1987.1.28) (1987.1.31) . .

2 . 17 $7,867.27 .

17 (1988.21989.12) . , , , , , , , , , , , .

50 114

. 3.1 . (Association des Cultures Orientales Inc) 6 (, , , , , ) (1988.5.7) 7 7 . () .

17 . 1965 1988 23 . . (1988.6.4, : 2425 Grand Blvd, Suite 14-15, N.D.G. Montreal). 17 .

30 2 . . 1988 17 1 2 ( $21,070.27, $19,415.30).

88 . 88 ( ) . 6 1994 11 ($2,975.24) .

50 115

18 (1990.11990.9) . . . . 3.1 5 .

17 18 1990 6 (2425 Grand Blvd, Suite 3, N.D.G. Montreal). 17 2 3 . (514-481-6661) .

. 2 17 . 17 18 .

8 . 6.25 . . ( ) .

50 116

1991 3 25 3 $18,800.01 ( 5151-0026: $5,723.64, 5122-0103: $4,023.47, 5122-0104: $9,052.90). 1990 1 3 . 18 . 19 . () . 20 2007 ( ) .

20 .

. . . . , , . . . .

( , 1991.12.16-1991.9.15) 9 . 1991 9 15

50 117

19 . 3.1 . 19 19 3 $14,232.81 ( $4,930.90, S/C/A $3,762.62 + S/C/A 5,539.29).

1991 9 19 (1991.9-1993.9) . 19 ( ), , , , , , , , . 18 19 . . 2 60 19 1) 2) 3) .

18 Grand Blvd 203 . . 1991 11 30 (3480 Dcarie Montral).

. 19 ( 35 , 4 ) 2007 ( 120 ) 15 .

50 118

! . . , , , 30 . 1990 , ? . . .

19 . 17 18 19 . 1991-92 19 $85,449.56, $84,620.36 $829.20 . 19 . 1992 11 19 1992 19 8 12 . . 600 . 92-93

50 119

4 ( $43,983 $39,191). 7 (1992.10.17) , , , , , .

19 ( ) . ( , , ) . 19 . 19 .

19 ($23,900), ($9,000), ($19,500) . 1991.12.14 , , , , 10 19 . 1992 1993 19 ( ) 3 $14,232.81 2 12 17,247.41 20 (: $6,140.98, 2 : S/C/A $7,492.39 + S/C/A $3,614.04, 1993.9.30).

. . , 3 .

50 120

19 . 1992 8 . 1 1993 7 19 . 19 1993 3 8 .

19 . 1993 , LA , . LA . $12,364.08(1992. 6.4 : 5,632,08, 2 $5,922.50, 7 $701.46) . . 21 ( ) 1996 LA $1,000 .

.

,

, 20 (1993.101994.7)

50 121

. 20 , , , , , , , , , . 20 , , , , , , . 7 7 .

20 . 19 . (20 , 1994. 3.26) (, , 1 ) . 19 .

20 (1994.7.23). 20 3 5 $526.77 .

10 29 21 3 (1994.8 1994.10, : , , , , 6 ). LA , 19 , 20

50 122

. 1993-1994 . . 1994 3 -$1,172.00( $7,945.85, $9,118.51) () 21 .

21 (1994.11 1996.10) . 21 . 40 18 . .

95 21 , , , , , . 21 1) 2) 3) 4) .

. 2 . 50 .

21

50 123

. . .

NDG . . .

( , 3.1 , , , ) (12 ), (6 ), 2 (: 2 ), . (1996.10.31) 96 $36,091.73 34,571.88 $1,519.85 2 7 . $12,771.67( ).

.

, ,

1996 10 21 . ( ) 5 (1996.12.14-1997.5.17) , 3.1 , , . 5 17 22

50 124

. $20,682, $12,879, $7,803.29 .

5 22 (1997.5 1998.11) . 22 , 3.1 , , , , . 22 ($2,625) (1997.11.24-11.28) . (), ( ), (), (), (), () , , .

1998 12 12 22 22 19 5 $3,062.65 23 . 18 $13,362.39(National Bank 1 , 5% ) $4,990.00 (Canada Trust 2 , 5%, : 2000.9.18) 2 .

22 IMF (1997.11.21, ) (1989-1998.6) . . 25-40 1991 JC 6 (1991-1997.6). . ( ) .

50 125

.

1998 12 23 (1998.12 2000.12) . 23 , ( ), , , , , , .

23 (, 3.1 , , ) , , , , . 2000 2 (Korea House Project) .

50 126

23 . 23 1999 6 23 . 23 . . .

2000 12 15 23 2 5 3 $5,008.83 . 1998.12.27 $7,000 .

1999 2000 2 . 1990 , . 23 ( , ).

24 (2000.12-2002.10) . 1975 . . . 24 . , , , , , .

50 127

7-8 . 24 . 24 1) 2) 3) .

. . . 2 . . 24 .

50 128

. (2001.4.7) NDG NDG (2002.5.18, Lower Canada College> 200 2,000 NDG . 2001 5 . .

3 . 19 ( ) 1 21 ( ) 2 . 24 . 24 2002 $31,285.50, $36,249.58

50 129

$6,000 $1,035.92 . $14,911.61() $5,972.23( ).

24 2001 9 11 ( 3 ). . 2002 . 4 . 16 8 . 4 ! . .

.

25 (2002.11 2004.9) 24 . 24 ( ), , , , , , , . 25 .

50 130

2003 .

25 2 . . (2004. 8.14, ) , , . .

// .

2004 25 . . (40 ). .

2 . .

50 131

. (2004.3.13), (2004.8.9), (2004.11.20) . 2 .

CCCQ( , Centre Culturel Coren du Quebec, 2004. 7.23) . 2004 12 3 55,443.30 (18 $15,477.22 + 22 $6,142.56 + 25 $33,823.52)

25 NDG . 2003 6 .

50 132

. 25

26 25 2004 $55,062 $39,070 $2,848 .

6.5 (2005-2008 )

2006 1 ( 2 ) . 2000 30-40 .

. 3 6 . 10 20 . .

50 133

. 26 . 2005 4 , .

26 (2004.12 - 2006.10) . , , , , , 26 . 25 .

26 . , . .

. 26 () .

50 134

26 . () 1 . , . 26 .

. ( ) .

26 2 70 . (TFT) . . . 2005 46 . . 26 ? . , 2 26 1) 2) , , 3) 4) 5) 6) .

41 10

50 135

( 2005 : $104,922, $83,684). 26 63% 13% . 40%($40,412), 25%($25,248), 16%(15,960) . 2 26 16 $2,848.23 . $15,979.88(Mutual Fund, ), $6,303.76(Term Deposit, ), $36,920.77 (CCCQ, 26 $3,470 ) 3 $59,204.41 .

. , . 26 . , , (Fte Nationale du Qubec), 19 (Les Week-Ends du Monde), (Moon Festival), , , .

50 136

(performing arts SHEN YUN) ( 6 , 15 ) , . . 2 . .

, $15,000 . , , , , , .

50 137

2005 7 7 26 .

2005 . . Fte Nationale du Qubec , , 3.1 , , . 2005 338 .

26 25 ,

50 138

(26 $3,470).

2005 8 (Tremblay) , .

26 ( , , ), ( ) , , , , , . 2005 5 , 3

50 139

. 9 ( , , , RCMP , , CA, ) 50 .

( ) . . 2006 1 7 4 . (: ) 90 , , , , , , , , () , , , .

26 . 2006 10 , , 26 26 3 . 41 (, ) . 26 27 5 (2006.11-2007.3, , ) . 3

50 140

. .

2006 12 . 19 35 . ( 1 2 ) . , , . 2007 1 8 . .

. . . ($40,279.83) ($13,052.00) ( , ). 16 75 2007 3 3 . 4 6

50 141

, .

. 20 (KoCoMo: Korean Community of Montreal) , . .

50 142

, , 10

.

50 143

.

3 11 . . NDG Le centre multi-ethnique( 13 ) 6 .

16 . . , .

50 144

, . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . .

, . (Home PBX System) . 2007 2 (ISP) . , , VOD, AOD . , . .

1) 2) 3) 4) . 7 8 ( $29,325.28, $77,798.12 - )

50 145

75 2007 1 . 2007 3 3 ( , ) (2007.3.31). 27 (2007.4 - 2008.10) , . , , 27 . , , , . 27 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) .

27 . . (, , , ) , , . .

26 27 ( , , , ) $12,000 ,

50 146

( , ) .

2007 6 , NDG (Le centre multi-ethnique) . . 11 .

7 5 (2006 $12,800) 10 . 2008 10 22 27 2007-08 (2007.10.1-2008.9.30) $124,696.72, $116,287.83, $8,408.89 10 . $47,009.48(37.7%, $42,883.08, $2,195.00, $1,931.40) $19,643.75(15.8%) $34,921.90(30.0%) $21,650.00(18.6%). 27 . 2-3 6-8 .

. . . 120

50 147

, , , U-20 , .

< U-20 >

27 , . , , 2007 5 11 7 500 . /(), /(), (),

50 148

(), (), (), () . .

27 . .

50 149

< >

, 26 / . 50 , 400 .

50 150

,

50 (2007. 11.15)

50 151

( ) 2008 3 8 . 26 , 27 ( , , , , , , , , , , ). NDG , ( ) .

6.6 (2009 - )

27 28 (2008.11 2010.10) . 28 . 28 . , , , ,

50 152

.

3 2010 11 8 . 1965 45 . 2007 2008 . . 2010 11 20 28 2009-10 $134,791 $120,446 .

, 27 . 2010 16,202 . (), (), (), (), (), (), () . .

28 ( , ) . . 28 . 28 , , , ,

50 153

. , 2 .

28 29 . 2008 11 22 28 . 30-40

(http://www.montrealkorean.com 2008 ).

2 2010 11 20 . 2010 , 29 . . 29 29 .

( ) .

50 156

3

(Transformation into Mainstream Society), () . .

. , , , , 3 2010 .

7

50 156

7

. (/ ) ( ). 28 45 90% . 2010 () .

7 . 2011 .

7.1

. ,

50 157

.

(Acculturation) . (Assimilation) (Separation), (Marginalization), (Integration) . . . () .

45 ( ) . (, , , , ) (, 6.25, , ), ( , ), (, , ) .

50 158

1 . . . , . .

. . . , , , . . . ( ) .

1 . 45 , , , , .

[]

() . () . ()

50 159

. . . () . . . .

, . 100-200 . 1992 . 2011 .

[]

1960 . . 1965 , . 20 1987 ( , , ) .

50 160

[]

( , ) 1965 . . 150-300 . . . .

, 6.25 , , . 6.25 6.25 .

[ ]

31 10 1919 3 1 . 5.4 .

50 161

31 . 1946 3 1 27 . . 3 . .

1977 (11 , ) . . 50-100 1 .

[ ]

, , 4 . () . 8.15 . 1945 8 15 2 , 3 1948 8 15 .

50 162

1.5 2 1970 5 ( ) . .

(, ) , . 1970-1980 .

[]

1966 2 ( ) 22 . , , () .

1980 1988 17 ( ) . 2005 26 (

50 163

) .

1976 6 11 . . 2000 .

[]

1977 11 ( ) . . . . (The Korean Educational Foundation of Montreal) .

50 164

1978 4 5 , . . . 1010 St-Catherine St West. #312 Montreal QC. H3B 1G1 .

. 1976 1993 . , .

20 2007 . 30 , 2009 5 28 ( 5 ). 2010 (Multiethnic School of Languages and Cultures) .

. . ,

50 165

. . .

[]

2006 2007 . , , . 13,000 1 . 2 5 . 3 . ( ) .

50 166

5 2007 . , , .

10-20 . .

50 167

[]

, 27 2007 5 11 7 400 . 2011 . .

50 168

7.2

(Visible minority, ) . , . (Profiling) .

50 169

. .

? , , ?. . . .

. . 1763 247 , . . .

. ( ) .

50 170

7 6 (, , , , , ) . 1980 1990 (Association des Cultures Orientales Inc) .

, , . . 1980-90 , , 2000 - , Weekend du Monde .

1990 2000 . 1990 (23 ) (24 ), (25 ) . 26 ( ) 2 45 . .

50 171

, , . . 26 .

[ ]

1982 5 29 4 , , , , , . 14 , , , , , , . . (Association des Cultures Orientales Inc) .

1988 (17 ) 1992 (19 ) . 1992 . 1993 7 .

[- ]

. 90% . 20% .

50 172

(Saint) . - (St-Jean Baptist ). - (Society of St-Jean Baptist) 6 24 . - . - . , .

- . . 2005 - 9 . . . .

2005 6 24 NDG (Fte National du Qubec) . , , , , , NDG .

50 173

. . .

[]

1997 . 22 ( ) (1997.11.24-11.28) (), ( ), (),

50 174

(), (), (), . 2000 .

[]

26 ( ) 2005 8 13 14 . .

1 -(McKenzie King) . . 200 . .

8 14 (Imperial Theater) , , 4 . 2 1 2 . 1 , (Gerald Tremblay) , . . 2

50 175

. . . 1 4 .

4 26 . . , 1, 2 TV (Natalie) . 1 2 7 .

. . . .

[(Weekend du Monde/Weekend of the World)]

. 1967 - . .

50 176

(26 ) 2006 2 . 2006 3 4-5 16 . 2006 7 16 . , . . 26 - (2005.6.24) (2005.8.13-14) , . 2 Journal de Montral . . Bali Drum . .

50 177

4 1 (Welcome to World Festival), 2 (Harmony of Asian Cultures), 3 (Modern Korean Culture Night) 12 . VOKO . 200 (Route Play, Nong Ak & Dynasty Parade) . (Korean Traditional Dance, Salpuri), (Thaw Swordsmanship Demonstration), (Korean Giant Drum Dance), (Korean Traditional Wedding Demonstration), , Korean Rock(K-Major Group) , . ( Bambang) Youth Balinese Dance, (Tari Payung Parasol Dance), Javanese Music , Chinese Waist Drum Dancing, (Chinese Traditional Opera) . (Korean Traditional Plays, Instruments of Korean Music) (Experience making Korean Food, Tasting Asian Food) . Children Sketch Contest Face Painting . (Taking Picture with Korean Costume) .

. , , . 27 28 . Weekend du Monde au Park Jean-Drapeau! , Lets go to Park Jean-Drapeau!

50 178

2006 - .

7.3

. . , .

. 1991 18 , 1991 , 1993 19 ,

50 179

( $33,823.52) 2004 25 .

1991 3 25 18 , 3 $18,800.01 . ($5,723.64) 18 . . (S/C/A $5,539.29 + S/C/A $3,762.62). 19 (S/C/A $7,492.39 + S/C/A $3,614.04, 1993.9.30) , 20 21 (Mutual Fund, $12,771.67) 26 2006 $15,979.88 . 2007 ( ) . .

2000 22 ( ) . $4,990.00 TD CANADA TRUST . 23 24 .

2004 25 . 25 2004 $33,823.52 . CCCQ(Centre Culturel Coreen du Qubec) .

50 180

2007 , 2007 3 31 ($40,279.82) ($6,054.25) 2008 27 $13,797.89(CCCQ ) .

, 1991 15 .

( , , ) 2006 12 , . , , . .

. .

50 181

16 75 2007 3 3 .

11 3 4 6 , , , .

1 . 2 , , .

50 182

.

. , 3 11 $12,800 $8 . . , . 11 80% . . , , , . .

, . .

2000 . PARCI

50 183

. . , .

2006 (PARCI, 26 )

3.10 UQAM, Pierre Fortin

3.31 UQAM, Pierre Fortin

4 .7 UQAM, Pierre Fortin

Quiet Revolution 4 .22 UQAM,

4 .29 UQAM,

5.6 UQAM,

5.16 AMPE, Dr.Didier

Sherbrooke ( ) 6.9 UQAM,

Qubec ( )

9.8 UQAM,

50 184

PARCI , . 2006 2008 3 3 6 . 26 27 3 PARCI . (Pierre Fortin) .

2007 (PARCI, 27 )

4.28 UQAM,

6.2 C.Sarat/K.Larkin

6.28 G. Legault

7.30 UQAM,

8.2 A.Benrhazai

9.30

10.10

50 185

2008 (PARCI, 27 )

5.31 UQAM,

7.30 CIMOI, M. Kachani

10.15 Larkin

10.25 UQAM,

11.8

Concordia Guy Lachapelle

10.4 UQAM,

, , (, next generation) . 1 1.5 ( ) 2 ( ) .

50 186

2000 . .

[ ]

11 . CEGEP 1977 2 26 . , 2 . 50 . . . - .

[ ]

. 13 1990 . 1998 ( ) . .

50 187

[(Korian Community of Montreal)]

(KoCoMo) 2005 6 26 1.5 2 . . 2000 , (networking) , .

2007 (: , : , , , ) 120 .

50 188

, , , , U-20 , . 2008 3 3 .

50 189

7.4

6 . 6 7 . . .

2006 .

. 40 . . 1970-80 . 2010

50 190

. 1990 .

, 1 1970-80 30% 300 . 7 1% ( 60 ) . 30 1 . 30-40 . . . 2010 . . () .

26 27 28 . . () , () .

50 191

( , attention) . 2011 3% .

(Attention Economy) . 3 . 4 . . , , , , . , .

. , , , . 1.5 2 , .

. 1970-80 . , , ,

50 192

. 1990 2000 . , , . , , , IT, , , .

/ 97% . , .

. .

50 193

.

. . . ( ) , , . (Governance).

(Governance) . , . .

1976 6 11 (Conseil dadministration) 2 . ( ) 18 (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ) . 3 (Loi des companies, 3e partie) . 3 () . ,

50 194

.

. . 36 19 ( ) . . . . . .

2007 . 2007 . 28 ( ) .

. 2007 . . () (=) .

50 195

. . .

. () , , , , . . (Conflict of Interest). , . . . . . 7 2 . .

. . .

50 196

. ! ! . . .

, .

8

50 198

8

. .

. (, , ) . .

. , , , , , , , , .

8 .

50 199

.

8.1

( ) . 1980 2 3 , , , , , , , , , , , 12 . (1980), 2-3 (19811983), 4 (1984-1985) .

5 (1986) (Association des commerces corens du Qubec) KBA(Korean Business Association of Quebec) . CIQ . 6 (1987) 7 (19881989) 20 . 8 (1990-1991) . 9 (1992-1993) .

10 (19941995) . 305 . / , . 6200 Notre-Dame West

50 200

6300 . 8% 13% 2% 5% . 11 1 . .

11 (1997-1998) . . , , . 10-12% NAYA , . (Concordia ) (McGill ) . 4 6 17 .

12 (1999-2000) . . . 13-14 (2001-2003) . 1,800 . (UKBA) .

15 (2004-2005) . 14

50 201

. ONE BILL (FritoLay) . ( ) 2006 . . 16 (2007-2008) 2008 5 31 . 200 .

17 (2009-2010) , , , . 17 . 2009 6 7 . . 2009 10 . 6 . 2009 10 19 , Canada Trust, Nestle Cream, Orange Maison, Multimarqaue, Agropur, Alarm Co., Old Dutch, ,Imperical Tabacco . 2009 2010 .

17 2010 4 16 Trade Show . 22 . 2009 6 3 , 2010 6 , 2010 9 27 .

50 202

2009 9 25 MOU . 20% . , , . 2008 .

1980 20 . 2000 . 2004 . 2000 17 . 2011 267 (dpanneur) 57.3%(153) 19.9%(53), 7.5%(20), 15.3%(41) .

50 203

8.2

. . . , , .

. (Promotion) . . . .

. . ( ), (/ / ), ( ), ( ) . ( ) .

50 204

. ( ) . .

( ) . . ( ) ( ), () .

300 50 . .

50 205

8.3

.

1880 Canadian Pacific Railway . . .

1921 , , . . (, , , , , ) , . 1.5 2 , , . 1986 42% // 52% .

50 206

1980 .

1980 . 1987 2,500 ( ) 25 $ (1 100 ) 2,500 . 1987-2000 11,000 143 , 48,000 .

, , , , (Social Capital) . . The President Asian Enterprise B.C President Canada Syndicated Inc. The Pacific Place Development 80 ( Expo ) . .

19 . .

50 207

. . B.C . 1919 B.C 50% . , .

B.C 1941 15% . 1918 12,000 . .

1930 1934 B.C 85% . , .

. , (/ ), , . . 2 . 1986 35% .

50 208

. 18 . . . 1850 . Union Bank of Low Canada .

1900 . 1916-17 . . 1931 (36%), (30%), (10%) (18%) .

. 1986 6% ( 8%), (White Color Job) 56% ( 43%), 43% ( 19%) . Bronfmann, Belzberg . , , , .

, , .

50 209

1960 . 1960 (, , ) . 1970 , .

1980 1990 . 1990 . . . , , , , , .

2011 () , .

19 . 75% . . (Padroni)

50 210

. 1904 1 CPR .

. 50 St-Laurent (Little Italia) . 1946-1963 32 . (76%) . , , , .

1960 (130 ), (400 ), (250 ), /(120 ), , , , , , , . (Santo Maria Cabrini) , 36 /, 20 / , 8 , 4 .

1970-1986 7% 17%, 31% 41% 60% 40% . 86% ( 70%), $ 14,844 ( $15,693) 95% .

.

50 211

.

1975 , , , , . . , . .

1973 . . 7-11 , , , , , .

50 212

8.4

1975 175 . 1970 . .

(Perette) . . .

, . .

50 213

1980 . . . 1990 . () .

. () () . , , . .

. . 98% ( 8-1).

? ? ? .

50 214

. . . .

. 73% . 2011 RBC 32% . . 77%(206/267) . .

. ... 5 .

50 215

?

? ? .

35.8 64.2 28.4 71.6

4.5 95.5 1.4 98.6

: , 1993 ( : 66 )

() . , .

50 216

8.5

? ? ? ? ?

. . .

/ , / . .

46.5%(2001 , ) . 1.5

50 217

.

, , . .

. . .

. , (Project Financing) . . , .

. . 1 .

50 218

. .

. 37.4% 15.3%, 12.2% . .

, 2010 , ( ), .

?

. . .

50 219

. . .

. . 120 , 300 , , , . .

? 30 . .

? 10 20 1.5 2 ? ? 1 ? .

( ) .

50 220

. . 120 20-30 1.5 2 1 ?

9

50

222

9

. .

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( ), , , 4 .

50

223

2 6 . . .

. 3 2 5 .

5 (SSD: Secondary School Diploma, DES, ) . (CEGEP) .

3 (DVS: Diploma of Vocational Studies, DEP, ) . 21 300 . .

1 Y 2Y 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y

50

224

1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y (SSD: Secondary School Diploma) (DVS: Diploma of Vocational Studies ) (AVE: Attestation of Vocational Education)

(CEGEP)

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(DCS)

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: BA : MA

: Ph.D.

2 6 .

50

225

. .

. 3 2 5 .

5 (SSD: Secondary School Diploma, DES, ) . (CEGEP) .

3 (DVS: Diploma of Vocational Studies, DEP, ) . 21 300 . .

(Diploma) (AVE: Attestation of Vocational Education) . 5 .

. (CEGEP: Collge de lducation Gnrale et Professionnelle, College of General and Professional Education)

50

226

2 3 . 2 2 3 . (DCS: Diploma of College Studies, DEC: Diplme dtudes collgiales) . CEGEP .

. . McGill, Concordia, Bishop Montreal , Laval , (UQAM) . 3 , 2 -3 , 3 .

9.2

. () . . .

50

227

. . - .

. .

[ ]

2010 10 (28 ) (Multiethnic School of Languages and Cultures) . 11 .

. . .

50

228

. .

[ ]

. . 1969 1 26 . () , , . 1978 2 5 . , , , .

1990 . . . . 1990 .

2011 , , , , , , .

50

229

.

. .

. .

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(VOD) (AOD) .

50

230

. . 2009 Dance Festival K-POP (, East 2 West ) . . 1.5 .

. 10 . . .

9.3

, . . 2 , 3

50

231

, .

. ( , , , ) .

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. .

50

232

. , , , .

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50

234

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. . 60 . .

. . . .

. , .

. . . . .

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235

10 2010 , .

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.

. . 1 .

. , ,

50

236

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5 10 . 70-80 . . , . , , .

, , , . . 60 .

50

237

, . 2010 . .

. .

. - . . 1980 .

. .

50

238

. .

10.2

, , , , , .

. . .

. , , , . (Somebody) (Nobody) . .

50

239

. , .

. , , (Old Age Security), (Quebec Pension Plan), , , , .

80% . . .

(%)

44.0

32.0

24.0

50

240

(%)

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15.4

19.2

: , , 1992,

. 28% . .

.

50

241

. .

(%)

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61.8

:

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:

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50

242

, . . , , .

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:

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34.6

41.2

:

50

243

80% . 61% ( : 37%), 41% ( 18.3%) . .

(%)

46.2

34.6

19.2

:

(%)

68.3

60.9

40.9

:

50

244

10.3

1978 . 19 . . 1 , 2 , 2 . , , , , , , , .

1978 (2 , 4 , 5 ) , (3 ), (6 ), (7 ) (8 ) . 9 (1992-1993) .

10 (1994-1995) 10 (, 3.1 , 8.15 ) . . ( 1979, 1982-1983, 1984-1985) 11 , 6 12 (1996-1997) .

13 14 (1998-1999, 2000-2001) . , , -CLSC , ,

50

245

, . 15 (2002-2003) . 3 . 2002 3 20 6 12 . .

( , ): , . . . , , , , . ,

16 (2004-2005) . . . 17 (2006-2007) , - , Weekend du monde( ) . 18 (2008-2009) . 19 (2010-2011) .

. , 9 1992 2011

50

246

1 187 . (2010-1011) .

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