كيف تكتب مشروعاً تمويلياً

\f°e�¦Ì¯�0ZÌ¸ËÂ¼e�0Z�Á��»

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.

!"#$%& '()*+ ,-./01 23.4567 891:17 !"#$ : !"#$%& '#(%))*(!"+,-./ 01"2-/ :za.co.nellshap@hixnet(

3.( 4*( !"#$ %&'#(

!" #$%&'() ")*+%,-.) /0121" 1)3045'/(678 9$:;71 $ 1) <=>?'@%0A$ ?'B%'C D1E 27F8 GH />I ?0J K 2(2='1%B$ L0CM() N'O9$:;71$ K P" %Q2FB RB6S471) RFB%'71)/T:M( L0C$ U?'B%'C .$VW67X Y%Z(H R[7\ D1E PQ:( PS(678 9$:;71

]82^%_Q. $2`'Tab%cX d;B %Q G ?'J:FQ ]QeS( f^=X%71) g%h`1)R$ f^ ^$:;Q] $H7i&Q ]' j6c8 GH />IQ;:]^$S(67'1) P .B D&FM8 g%h0k68 UY%Z(H U2`'T$%7)W U?>'O8 GH ]&O7( L0C$ ]^$:;Q fl7Z8 GH ]0S^ Pm>&(

R1+H D1E n-%,.) f^ YoZJ"p6O0q0T ".) R(+%,-(CIVICUS Toolkits)r:st) .GH %h&O7( P'1)u2^%_8 .

)*+,-"./+012 3&-/ "4567 )!" [GE"*+%,-.) /0121) "E PQ:(1 D ]82^%_QE PJQ +)2^R1%[FJ R0S(678 g%^$:; .vJQ25'_8 w&C )W? [2MB oJ UN_=J

H-+%I G6O8 GY) DS^ E V%'X 20qQ PS(678 9$:;Q>SxY% 1^$:;Q +6hk y^2 ]$H ]'7i&Q .E$Q25'_8 w&C )W ? zQ R1+H"p6O0q0T "r:st) R(+%,-.) %7C U_J UY%qX{ :0,MH1) DS^ ]'7i&Q n-2I fQ 2(e''4530t) z7k$ #)6Q|6=X DS^ %h1

[FJ#%.

4./+018) 3&-9-) ):; <9=>?@ AB CD@ E$ )!" }2h'_("*+%,-.) /0121)"1%B U2(2='U H1 f(!1) ]~1$ YoZJ UPS(678 9$:;Q RB%'C DS^ yh8)-2I fQ f0�\)$ )6_0

1$H f^]~ � 2I f(!1) 8n:0>C n:>s yh(21 G6O]1!B /c['( %Q PJ . %7C fO7(H 9$:;71) :(2Q ?Q25'_( G$H1) �(:q y0iF'B �e'S71)7i&71) n-2IR#)6Qt) z7k DS^ . G6O8 %Q Y%>1%@$ /ZJH1)7;:^$S(67'1) g% f7� wm0A P'1) ]S8 R0

�J�:|�n:0mA . %Q2&^ ?XH ]1W[2�( � ?>'C 9$:;Q�)$ �5,3�J 2 �%5,t) �)-{ RJ:FQ D1E PF_1) :Qt) Nk6'_( U f(:s�);B �(:q1) PJdX?$ E?0S^ go(2F8 #%s+.

):; A#F@ G>$"./+018) 3&-9-) "4H)9&I$

! G6O( %Q2&^) ](21 R0`08):'TS1 R070i&8 /(67'B D&FM8) z7`t=X%71) g%h`1) fQ #)6QR) -zk) " /0121)*+%,-.)" �B �SF'71)"T) z�$S(678 R0`08):'R0.(

! %Q2&^8 n:OJ ](21 G6O1 9$:;78='V%D1E =X%Q g%hk fQ /(678 R. ! y(2�8 aX%Q ]&Q NS4( %Q2&^1 �:'�Q9$:;Q /(67'%Q .

R4(:s 2`8 R01%'1) R=qc1) PJ zI6Q )!h1"*+%,-.) /0121)"'1 Uu2^%_?0J #)6`'1) DS^ .

Khaled Hijab

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


2

!"# $%&"'()*+,-

./-%+,-

-0(12,- 34/"++,

354"46- 78-%9,- 8 :;8<"

=">!

! "#$ % &! '()*+,- !.#/'0)12,- 345,- '5()*6,-

786,& 7-9)6,

'1:-;16,-& <)*=,- '1>+1?,-

'5()*6,- @4*AB

CD6,- '5()*B

CE)2:F>5*/ (G162*,-& '()*+,)

*H-C:)6,- 4

IJKL: M4N

O&4P6>, QRH

IC:)6,- M4N

FST6,-

I "5UV4/-&

J*WXY

!"#$% "&'()"

/Z)K6,- 8W&.

![X*\6,

M-.Y]-

'1>65,-

!"#$%&' ()*+/,-./&'

^4?L,-/_`-46,-

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


3

3.4,5 67#8.8 ! "#$ !%#& ' (! )*+,-./)0+12./ ! "#$% #&' ()*+, -../012-34(*%-5%6 -7-12 89:

: (;-5< !=>? @ AB1C0? DEFG #>H 96FI2%6> JKL%6 M)N*3O5%6E F*/P5%6E!

!"#$% &'()*+,- ./0& 123*4

!"#$% &'($)*+,- &)./012*,- 3% 4+567 829 .:;-<=/> 12*,- 0 /?14+@+A B &C7 DE7 "1"F2*GHIJK" #H(LK M ; NO P#HQ5 R56S,- TUV W.(K N%X--NY !/ DE7 Z272@I1- [ISK W/ 4HES; 35-.,- 829\]?1 4 &*7 ^-F/ _`+E%" F2Y" aH5F

NHY)-N@,- Ub% R.

A' QRH"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " 6X7YE-.5.Z[6 \6ETA5%6 -]I-5)? #>H (^-*+; DFG? _! 6X7 6 `4EFG:AB1C05%.

2 aT6=4W-; 9=>%6 `*B4 6b!./:a` [6 cB4 =d6E F]U #>H e: #H -]%Lf Jg=h? _! TC? A5%6 iF5P%6: `4EFGB1C05%6A .E-0<' ajF5Z "0: F*k/%6 8-.]"*$51 -l; J-*h%6 e cB4 l; JCh5% mnHE c%2 (I-); _C/5Z b2 ao*)+%6 lIC%6.

_! `*B4 (^-*+%-; !=>? _! #>H:

! B4 _C/?8F:! e: pCqE c: 6b-0% DEFG0%6 6X7 r5/?e0%Es ! ?X%6 o,-0%6 Q]P? St=$% DEFG0%6 l) VuI6 QRH "6v%6 V-*5f),-0%6 (]a(),-0%6 \-]v%6 ('F$:E (.( ! ?`RP, wF$a ? _! S! _C/e: pCqE cB41C7 a`5!E ex6C: wF$? _CH`?E P$q`) uI6VQRH #*B)?

"\ECZ"( aE _C/? _!VT-Hy6 Q1=h? cB4 !S8V-R: cB4 T-0546 iT-]U A' \@-v:<W-(*%-0%6 iV6T Fz!EFG0%6 \-4E9-P/%6Ei*.h5%6 (iV=h%6E W61V6T((:-$%6 .

! % ay6F*f! aNg3O?DEFG0Ba -"0:A.$1 _! ?{-*R%6 Q]Pg=)?E w6=7[6 Tg0+?E(*B0$%6 Q.

\@-v0%6 |X7 #<Z(*%-5%6 \-)P+%6 A' -]%E-.? SFv*.

3. 4/5+3.4 6 ! rv1 Y6}Z YE! ldF3? _C7 `RP, cB4 :sy-*B1C0? y-4EFG: r5<! 6b-0%

(*%-5%6 A7 Y6}R%6 6X7 cB4 (3*R>%6 (;-IW6:

r5/? n,!)~C+? ( y@-�: DEF�G: E! `�50�.: o.0? _�; -: (]I u.h5% y-*B1C0? y-4EFG: . 6X�7 e�: A�R*�F%6 w=�]%6E

�*�C5%6 �*%E a�*h)5%6E D-.HW6 C7 DEFG0%6 . n�,! -�0*' a`�*B4 a_b2 �-�5)?2 c�%? ��C* DEF�G0%6 � JC�h? _! a `%X; -],�U e: (h1F3;! o,-0%6 u.h? _*%Y-0%6 `*3$.

? �->Z! i=4 8-.7B$v` �_! ?gFh V!"_h1Fx #&'! ( %6 u0v[ Y6C: _! A7 `4EFG0%"l$*>? "6 c%2o,-0% .E #0G? =H

|X7AB1 -: �->Z[6:

! �iF*>< �%->: �CB30%6

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


4

! =h%"FH \V!,l Q]0%6 e: _!"gC.?D "=4-H `?B1C05%6 ae*),-�: ($&; E! ao,-: e: Fk<! `1=% _C/1 c5d a(* e"0:C04=1_`50�.: �

! V-x2 e0q �V=.1 pF5h0%6 DEFG0%6A0*BHW6 E! A.xC%6 SC0.5%6 #0$%6 uZE[6 1 SX%6 a ' 8V-�G T=�4 l�*),-0%6 \-]v%6 e:y-*B$' (.

y-:=H A&0%6 #>Ha B'�=<�5. e�:! _ 6 r�Bx[ 6C�:Y % ��1Fx F�*f C�7 o,-�: e�: ; J=�h5B \6X�%-; DEF�G0%6 6X�] .E #�6=�>%6

#0G?:

! I6 u0[%6 u05v0%6 e: Y6C:SX *Z�=*P5R ! 66 J6=O5Z[ A5%6 Y6C:�"h)0%6 #f=%6 E! V-0k5Z@6 YLf e: -]RP, (0�.0%6 -]?="%E.

) - cdd7 Ndd)`*,- Rdd;#S*,X- 3dd*C, &e-Ndd@, [ddf@b) Mg-.dd%/ W a5NddK,- #ddhb [dd;"iF2ddj>k- &H,Ndd,-" ldd] addES+*,-"3ddm" -E).*K RHCHK-#+9RH.(

!"#$%&' '() *+,- .%&/

("0z1C5R:- _ cB4 (;-I�%Y6}R%6 6X7: ! "e: "?.$ AB1C0? (%-<E e: DC, S!(* -]; F/P?s ! "e: "DEFG0%6 6X7 !Fh1 _! o"IF1 �-OU[6 e: DC, S! A.$?.

.0 123+40 !'567&'5%+&' 89:;53<1=:

)=v5Z A' 6X7"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6"y@E=I ay-hd@ a ! SC5)1-16�:E \@-<C%6 D6C,4E -].: #< ;C*l(.

#=,2+&' >?:@< 'A:%&B !'56C&' 1=3<5%+&' 89:;5&'123+4%/ [", "/055Z ` e: e (,V-h:4EFG:` ;-46F0i o%-+: (%-<E #<?-:-0576EE -] A5%6 �%->0%6 j=% iF'C5: _C/? =H #�<

-].: .E uHC5? =Ha !y-&1aG0%6 �$; L/\�=)? =H A5%6 .2 �B0? @ n�.< 6b iF�>O%6 e�: F�*k/%6 a e�/01! _C�/1 _ e�: %6=*P0tB/5%6 Q: uu05v: \-0�.: A,=:! YCd jFf �B5O: u: Q];V-v?!\@-<C%6 D6C,.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


5

!"#$%& '(&)*%& +%',"%& -". ! !""""#$%& '""""()* +"""", -+""""./+0 1""""$2/+3 45""""6)/7

8#./+3-9:;< -+)=> ?8@)(*> !#<78=>. ! 8AB""): +"", -+""./+0 C;""D E+""FG H#""/> IJ5""/7

-75K L#$6/7!M>8%/7 N, . ! : O+.$2/7 P>8QFR% S;R* ST +UV56W,.

! X7;,Y7 N, 8#ZR/7 +U:5/ S;R: +, -+./+0. ! 5"""=*5""""#[, S;""""R V !""""6$W)%/7 L\+""""(%/7 ]"""J

/7> O+D+#(/+3^/_ `X;a;... ! _ #b#*78)""""D7 1""""D+F: c>8""""d%/7 S+""""e 7f !

!"",;Rg/75""6J5"":h: 7i""G _ N"",""#M+R,! Y78""j k5bl%/7.

!"#$%&'

! m$& 5%)W* +, Vn+& !#.Wd/7 +G5&7;= I"%b/ `X7;"",Y7 +""o%, ]""FW:ToSY7 S;""R* 5""= X7;"",> Vn>5g,/>TWp+A !O+.$6)$/ .

! N""", O+"""qoqr%/7 m"""$& -+"""M+#sT L"""qg* O78"##@)/ Itr*> O+,;Rg/7 u5"g* ]")/7

!,;Rg/7 O+D+#D ]J.

! -+""""./+0 +"""", * ]""""J Ev+""""d V5""""FKT !""""#%F)/7Y7> "#=9AO+ C5""/ ]"")/7 I""%)b%/7 O+""%wF,

]M5%/7. ! Vn+"&3 '""(o)* !""M>8%/7 N"", 8""#.e v5""6 !""Ub/

Xx;%* 7f+,> L:;%)/7 !#[#e.

()*+$&'

! 5= !#$%& S;R* 1$2/7 ':56*!$:;<. ! S;R* ST NR%:V56W, O+.$2/7 ':56* P>8Q. ! o#@)* 5=O+:;/>Y7 8.

! +U:5/#.e y/+., N, V8Y7X7;,+UgF%)/ . ! /7;"""[z;%:> `S;"""J8)g, S"""%U[S; L\+"""(,

7]M5%/7 I%)b%/{*+,+%)G7> . ! O+""U#K;* +U:5""/ +"", SB""d3 !g""p7> N""R%:

{$:;%*. ! 7|/ n75W)DEv+d)$ ! / +U:5!#/>n V8.A.

,- !./)*0 1*234".56

! +"""G;[z;, H#"""/ N#J8""")g, N:i"""/7 }"""~/>Be/7 ]J S;$%W: O+e8d/7.R#8V.

! * | 5=-|7;,T }$%V8#Ze . ! I$2t* 5= !#"qrd/7 O+=9W/7 "3 v>5, '"U

) ST +UFR%: +%e S;R*V5#[,(.

! -78""#Ze ""%#%s O+""=9& LR""d* +"", !-+"",7h)/7> -+#qrQ +, !%wF%3.

! !#$%W/7> �f+%F/7 X+#s !M>8, 8ZeT. ! {/x;%* +%3 �$W): +, ]J !M>8, 8ZeT.

78 !./)*0 1*234".56

! * +, -+./+0)o#@:;/>T 8+U*+ ! T n;* 5=s -+M+# +U$#Z%*H$b%/7 ]J. ! -+./+0 S;R* +, D+(s !-75K �]"Q kT X+"#s

NR%:T5W.: S N##FW%/7N:8A�7.

! +U3 c8.))/ V8#.e y/+., +U:5/. ! S;J8)g, S;[z;, +U:5/ S;R: +, -+./+0. ! 8#375")/7 X+"#s -+g"p7> +"U.$2, S;"R: Vn+&

!#[A �780T +U:5/ H#/> `5:8* ])/7.

9:#;<=" 1*-5>,-.56

! 5K;: |8#Ze X+,. ! |7n>5g, 4+%)G. ! m"""/_ 8"""6l)J7 7f_ L""":;%* E+"""FG S;"""R: | 5"""=

!#qrd/7 O+=9W/7!

! !#%Dv 8#0 !3v+6,. ! !�#$g, O+&>8d%3 ')U*. ! !%U, !#qrd/7 O+=9W/7. ! �;p;/+3 Vn+& V5FKY7 '()*.

65.78 1*-5> =" 9:#;<

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


6

D0 .E F(&' 'A7#G= /H?"#$0 �>Z -: F<X?? `,2 |-.BHE5/r5% `4EFG: +OU u.hy- -: *%Y-0%6 `*3$% 4EFG0`.

s�OG%6 6X7 C7 e: ae/%E

_C$*35R1 e1X%6 �-OU[6 e: _-4C, 8-.7 _C/1 iT-4 i96FH`4EFG::

! SX%6 V6Fh%6 u,-�ZA�-].%6 V6Fh%6 XO5*a cB4 9-.; J"=h0%6 `4EFG: .y-,-*d!_C/1 =H u,-� e: Fk<! 8-.7

V6FHa 6E 8-.7 _C/1 =HEd= jC5�R: c�B4 Q4=�% A�%E[6 V6F�h%6 X�O51 DEF�G: ��C: F�f�E a`4EF�G: E! e*P�C0%6 V->< jC5R: cB4A�-].%6 V6Fh%6 XO51 (.v% .

! A.' F*>f Ch? c"%C511 9-P< QiDEFG0%6 *.h5%6 ' a(u'F*y6F1Fh? 2V6Fh%6 u,-� c% b-�Og?@ y-�v%C: �*% l,! @2 a6V6Fh%.

E A�>.1 6X7! _�1! `�>."_5H6 `d6F rv1 !_C/1 _:

! y-$.h:a ! E�:�P�+yL)*)�E y- %6 (*I-.%6 e:*.h5(.

A' 6X7%6 QRh 6 YE-.51 SX%60% aDEF�G pF�5h, Q�RI c�B4 9-�h;W6 (�*�; a\-�h)B: -]P��C; (�*.h5%6 #*��-P5%6 "Q�&? _!

l%Cx M*d e: y@Ch$: DEFG0%6.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


7

!"#$%& '()* �>Z _! -.% -.GH-,46C,!y- e*),-0%6 e: (PB5O: )[6 A'J-RH:se0%E s6b-0% .(E2 6b< n.; y-"*.$: e**B): e*),-0 `�*B$'

y-k); SFv? _!('F$0%_C),-0%6 `5h3.: A' Q7 e: e1X%63$1_C Y-0%6 SX%-< DEFG0%"?$*>l."

% #:-U V-*5f-; J-*h%6 e: e"/055%E e*),-0B5Z e1X%6 e*>Z-.0%6 #ZF ��$; Q].�4 wF�$? _! `�:�B1 a`4EF�G: Q�]%[6 e��: �tF��h5%6E �Q]?-��:-0576 \E-��P5? _C��PB5O0%6 _C),-��0%-' VC��:o,-��0%6 r��Z-.0%6 F��*^ #��1C05B% y-��>Bx jC��Z �*��%

Q]5HEE `5HC% m($*&:.

DEFG: T6=4WE=*I p6F5H6 –i"CIF0%6 ��-5".%6 A?}�1 mDEFG: S!-=1�0%6 ('F$: c%2 (I-); n,�' . IJ6:%&' K#?

'F$: `*B4 A�>.1 -0% _6F]�: ("0zo,-0%6 e4 l5:

! ? _! `*B4 -: Q]P1=1F|%6 M*d e: o,-0%6 (%-ZF%6E \-1-�\-:-057@6E� ! �%2 an*HC5%6E aA0*�.5%6 �bC0.B% (*B0$%6 #*�-P5%6 wF$? _! `*B4...

"<X�? F! _ (^-*�� 6 DEF��G: F�5H6 p% #��1C05B (�*B04 _C��/1 _! _E=�$1 @" u��*;.". �'tS�m�O��U 1 �0$# u��*>%6 Y-�v: A��'

(��v5%-;)��;{FP0%- ( r��h?F0%6 SV-��G%6 =��1F1 6b-��: wF��$? _! `��*B4 am9A��U u��*; =��1F? -:=��.4 l��",! 8F��>O�1 _! l��./01 .E _C),-0%6"F5G:E_"Q]1=%E a �:-,F;04Ba�-O%6 Q]E e: `%bhdQ].

!"#$%&'() *+,+ )-&. :[6 e: (P�-x _E=1F1 e*),-0%6 Q�$ A5%6 VC:#0G?:

! ! y6Fz! 8F5? _ E! �=)�?F' y-H–! b2 Q], _E=1F1 #�0$%6 _C�/1 _! S! aV"=h�? _!E ��-Rd Q]%6C:[ r�R)�1 _!`%X< l,! e1Ff�6 e: jF�1 _! _E=1F1 -0< ay-)I-, l,C%gC01 SX%6.

! `%X<E ('F$0%6 �r�R�5/�? _!\-:CB$0%6E Q]P%6. ! 1 _!5 8�V-G? Q'F$0%6(\-:CB$0%6E Q]P%6E ]?Ltf=? c%2 ('-&�: (0*H `%X; ��=)�? _!E a0%6 QV-5Oi. ! 51 _!�6=1 7bCP,Q l,EF>5$1 -: (v%-$: A' L/G:\ c%2 (>R.%-; Q%-$%6 E!W6 E! Q*BH =B>%6E! %60%6 (h3."*$0e.

!"#$%&' ()* +$,- (.&/0%12 &314 5% 6,7#897 !'&2:;<=/+>-?37%( @ 2 A.$1 l,a !y@EE ! a9AU #< e: Q7!"_ ! -�]./01 @ Q/?=�.I! _ : _C�/? �PB5Oy( �*k< y6F o,-�0B% A�5%6 `�B? e�4. ��' n�,-< 6b

`�50�.:? =�1} W6 u1F�G? YC�h$0%6 e�: �*�B' �-�]I!_? #��ZF 2 AB1C�05%6 `4EF�G: c�% o,-�: �R*.< #*>��Z c�B4 aAY-k0%6.

! ay-&1! a`%b A.$1 -0<"_ _! rv1 `4EFG: 1"_�; o,-0%6 u.hl04T |-12l,�U e: _! gT}1 S2tf=? c%m#moI-, ag/01 �. l

@6 e:'5O-V `%X< AqF�1E al*' (<V-G0%-; \-]v%6 o,-0%6 =1F1 A5%6 F*z�5%6-]*B4 . Q]�6F��, u�: _C7-�051 �-.%-' . r5/? -:=.4 l",! A.$1 6X7E)~C+? ( y-�+"OB: _C�/1 @!E a(*,-�R,2 (�>�+; Q�R"51 l�B$v? _! r�v1 AB1C�05%6 `�dF5h:

y-'-I.

=1F*�Z -�0< e*),-�0%6 Q��$:! ",��; 6EF$�G1 _Q] EVT-�H ('-�q2 c�B4 _ YL�f e�: (�0*H ; e1F�f�6 (<V-�G: "B$? -�0|C��0 |EF>5f6E F�G: e: E4\- tf=�?E \L (h;-�Z VE=�; -�]*' 6C$B3�q6. A�.$1 6X�7E !", �Z Q�]wC" 1"+O5 �+_C" wC�ZE a

1F A' _C>^ #1C0? `B?FG0%6 \-4EA5%6 �?L �t+O? QQ]+.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


8

E"B< o,-��0%6 e��4 =��1�0%6 n��'F4 -��0a `��./:! V-��*5f6��G0% r��Z-.0%6`4EF E��01=h? lF1 o,-��0%6 #��$v? (��h1F3; A��' r��"l�6FU "(+d l*' l% _C/? _! E!.

/01#2() y-1!: 1F1 -=| o,-0%6 ' C�] |=�1F1 �r*�qC5%6 =�*I A�.$1 6X�7E _! �qF4 ! r�v1 ` y6=�*I _C�/1 _.' -�: TF�v0> ? gF�h! V"_

! E `'6=76?-:-057` u: rZ-.5? `B? A5%6%o,-0B _C/5�R' a (�I-);2 -�: (�'F$: c�%1 M�*d e�: |=�1F 5%6 �r*�qC 6X�7E #0G1 SX%6 #/G%6 ('F$:1=1F ? _! 8g=hJ l*':GFaDE-:E A7 %6 #*�-P5 rv1 A5%6 6b2 -:E a-7F<b �C�B30%6 _-�<

e�*$: Q*0+? J6=O5Z6 A^C�B%6 V-�xW6 #�*B)5< a(LFA) )V u�I6 " -�H �C: \-)B3�+0%6"(a E �: (�h*zC%6 YC�x C�7 -�%2 a-7=1F1 A5%6...

V-+5f-;a : `*%2-rv1 !_ ?'F$ e4 lmo,-:-: :

! QZ@6 E _6C.$%6!E J-HV W6 =�1F>%6 _6C�.4E �<-�P%6E �?-]%6 Q�Z6E A�,EF5/% �O�G%6 ! r�v1 SX�%6"5? _ l�; #�+

l>h%E.. E A5%6 (*%E[6 \-:CB$0%6 A7 |X7(<FG%6 �?-7 �<F: e: -]*B4 YC+)%6 `./01a E!e: o,-�0%6 uHC: cB4"n,F5,W6"E! a#*%T e: �?-]%6 a E!\-0�.: A' `�L:K e: A,=0%6 u05v0%6.

! ! w6=7 o,-0%60]:E6E l5:-057alA' -0; `%b \@-v: -:E aJ-057@6 6X7 gC�01 _-< 6b2 �x-�.: Y �*'6F�I (�.*$: ( ' ar��R)-��:E A��7 ��:-$%6 #��1C05%6 F*1-��$:a( 1 6b-��:EgC��0 s`��%b F��*^ Y E c��B4 YC��+)%6 `��./01 e��: DC��.%6 6X��7

e: \-:CB$0%6" W6n,F5," E! r*5< e:F1Fh5%6 SC.R%6ayL&' 4 eA,=0%6 u05v0%6 \-0�.: A' `�L:K . ! 1 A5%6 (>]%6 Qvd -:-]; D"F>5siT-4 o,-0%6 ! -:\696FI2 A7 o,-0%6 A'V6Fh%6 u.� (*B04a Q<E lHF�5R1`01=h? =$; nHC%6 e:AB1C05%6 `4EFG: . ! A' F�.%6 =*46C:%60GF \-4E �1V6C?EE!01=h? =*46C: -]. ! #7 ("0zQ*0+? �bC0, E! "*$: e =1F18 o,-0%6! `01=h? j=% l:=O5R? _ ("0z #7 E! a`4EFG: ¡T-�>: (�*]*IC?

(.*$: A�>.1 ! E! a-]4->g?6 `*B4",6 `./01 l J6=O5�Z �IbC0, . _! c�B4 e*),-�0%6 ��$;1 c�B4 YC�+)%6 _C�>B3 _! #>H a�IC: A%E! pF5h: DEFG:>B316C G:F/5: y-4EyL:-� '51 6X]Q]% o*(�F' g?6 b-O mV6F�H ¢A�=�>: -�: A�'

6ET6V! C%tf=5%6# J=4 E! £6FO,@6 `$:A' \-qE-P:!Fk< yL*+P?.

! "#$%E e�: A�7 \-�:CB$0%6 |X�7 #�< c�B4 YC+)B% (B*ZE #&' YE}�R: DEF�G0%6 E! �P�C: =�h' 6X�%E �YE}�R0%6 l 2 Q"B/5? _! `:�B1 �OU c% l; #+"5? E!P?-7y-* E! l$: u05v? 1=*]0?y- .E"E[6 Y-+?@6 6X7(1-^ A% A'[6*07(� E =H

g=)1 T-]5$*>xE (HL$%6 (v]%.

+,-.%& /#,01& "<X5, _! Q]0%6 e:y-0�6T F"_! " o,-0%6" i=$; #"k051 �-OU!< a%6 YE}R00E r5/0%6DEFG6 SX*P.5%6 F1=0%6E WA0*BH a

! 9@}7Eb �-OU EEE o%-+:6\-:-057 -7 \->B35:E�B( Q]7->5,6 M*d e: Q]5HEE.

A.$1 6b-:b `% (>R.%-;2%*s`

l",2 A.$1!",l:

! 1 A�>. Y-+?@6 `*B4; o,-0%6 ABk00;�wF5): �CBZ .Q]5HE u&�?E `51-^ C), l"IC?. ! `*B4!]1�, _C/? _y-:E .)5Py- =.4 Y-+?@6Q]; "Qz �y6=$5R: e< D-05ZL% Q]*%2 [6E \-:CB$0%6 YT->?E V-/'

Q]$:.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


9

! `��*B4! _ F��>�?KW6 r��,-v%6 A,-��R, A��'`��B04a c��5d 6 o,-��0%6 u*35��R1tF��$5%w �-��.%6 c��B4 jC5��R0%6 c��B4 A,-R,W6.

;-V-+5fa5%6 _�' A%6CC7 A.:�%6 :

! %6 \-:L$5Z@6 �$>; QH:-$(: e*),-: e4 0�Le*. ! �; u;-? 96FI r5/0%6 e4 YE}R: u: Y-+?6E!DEFG0%6 . ! (BdF: cB4 #0$%-; !=;2: `4EFG3*3O5%6 (*.

"_! =*;y->,-I 8-.7 "0]: y- Q% ,v%-$l =$;H l5v%-$: A�>.? -: C7E a#> Y-+?@6 `�6FI2 6[ u: A%E %6 YE}�R: r�5/0E! DEFG0%6 ��C: .! rv1`RP, wF$? _.. E -: 6X7Z A' lv%-$.QRh%6A%-5%6 .

6A7,8 (.&3%B CDE F %( GC/ HICJ3 B 2C#KE L<C,8 MB; 5 N&CAO(; M?C98 M 6CP QC>: 28R 2C73S$/ GC: T6C1U TR?CV W&CX:05 YC"P

Q%0 Z6[7%( \793%( ];^#/@_;<=3%( ;B

"_! C7 r>R%6"SV-G%6 "u�->%-; e:}1 _! rv1!

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


10

* 234" 5'6 MB +$,- (.&/"2#KE L<,8 "@+>-?37%( 2:;<=/ !`&1a' B6"8 MB Y"P

! A.$1 `%b",! u*35R? @ ` #:�? _"u*;" 6b2 l�v1EF? E! `4EFG: �.< wF�$? @ n-E! u*35�R? @ -! g=�h? _ iVC�� J

`50�.: e4 -]P�C;"i=*I ('K-v:."

�G0%6E \-�0�.0%6 e�: =�1=$%6 rB31F ae*),-�0%6 e�: Y-�0%6 \-4E E (�0]: e1F�*f[6 Y6C�:[6 r�7Ea F�f� c�.$0; E!@6 (*0.5%6 A' V-0k5Za E! 96=Z2m(h1F3; i=4-R0%6-: .E�o,-: J=h1 -:=.4-: y(>7 .%6 6X7 e: DC `%X�; C�]' e�4 M�)>1"i=*I ('K-v:"a DEFG: A' E!(0�.: a ! -],�U e:�? _ =)tf=5%6 #�6C?E y-HF' �#.

�.g/0? (h1F3; `RP, ('F$:E; �*% e*),-0B% `RP, e4 (HCzC: iVC� �F4 e: `[- F:%6 #]�R SX�%61 e*�; #�+) C]' �-7-)qE (B*%B04`50�.: \6V=H 9-.; A' iF05R: (*.

!=>? -:=.4G: (^-*+;F`4EB1C05%6 ! rv1 A n'F4 =H _C/? _ AB1 -:"ETE5,l:

! ! e:s`51C7 A7 -:E n, ! A7 -: ex6C:`P$q e:-/:E `?CHa `]I6C? A5%6 Fx-O0%6E �FP%6 A7 -:E );-V-+5fa 96F�I2 `*B4

#*B)?" \ECZ" SWOT AnalysisaE E! �bC0, (*%-5%6 ()P+%6 A' ("0zQ*0+?`%X% .( ! Z vt# %-04!`) -:!?�v, lE ./01 -:` 2]�-V| [6 e: e*),-�0%6 (�hz A3$5�Z A5%6 (h;-R%6 Y-04;� �, #g/�G?

" iFx-O:i=*I ".(

tQ5*Z \@-v0%6 |X7 #< 6X7 e: (*%-5%6 J-RH[6 A' -]dFU "ST-UVW6 #*%=%6".

78$89:(%& 7;<=%& R5%`*B4 `50�.: (1C7 J=h? _! u*35:

! _! u&? `50�.0%(0]:E y-'=7:-U (B�< a-7TCIE �->Z6 C7 -:E a-]53G,! e: e1=*P5R0%6E -]x->?V ;$05v0 Q]

aw=]5R0%6 C7 -:E-]:6�5%6�*h)5; -]'6=7! e: YLf iVC<X�0%6 (3�G,[6) A�' `�%b YC�d =�1�0%6 (�"0z" #*%=�%6ST-UVW6" ; �gB$50%6N*3O5%-(.

! u&? _! (1C7 (0�.0B%T<*&bE !4;<,/ S! a aV-$U%b "_! @2! �*% `y-*Z-Z. ! (0�.0B% _C/1 _!% F'C1 �Bv: (*.; -])(*B/*7 ( (0<-dF1=Ii (�hk%-; . A�.$1 6X�7E! �, (�I-);2 (�*?6b iF*�Z c�%

�O��U #��< e��4 iF��+5O:a ? ��/$ ayLk��: a #��:6C4: ��<iF>O%- E N;6EF��%66@ E (��*4-05I�v%6�.C ��Z(E @6: �6��5 SF+.$%6%6rZ-.0. j=% _! -0< \-0�.0%6 �$;R: T&(patrons) -: y->%-^ a �,C/1_C E e*:F�5): 'EF�$:e* �-.%6 e*; a%-;Q^Fe: !],Q@ 1 _C/B0 nHC%6 A'-/%6 (<V-G0B% iVC+; (0�.0%6 Q/d A'T Q]",! @2 a(1VE c�B4

Q1=h5% T6=$5Z6 ]04TQE !0ZQ]�- #*>Z A'-1-&H-7. ! 8-��.7 _C��/1 _!��P�C:C_ C*��R*�V _E! ��4C35:C_ %6 e��: Q],-��/: A��' _C��B0$1 ��0�.0( aM��*); DEF��G0%6 #��0$1

A%-�5%-;.-��.7E a !y-��&1a ��Z5 =1F! _g=��h?J %6 (��*?6X%6 Q7F*��Z�IC��0aQ]5��:9L: eg*��>? A��5%6 i,C��< _CB/��G*Z Q] VC��):DEFG0%6

;- aV-+5f! `*B4 _C/*Z? _ 8V->54-; `RP, J=h (0�.: (HCzC:(%E}R:Ea-]'6=7! �*h)5% (B7}: .

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


11

>&'?*@8AB0" CD<E" %6 6X7#*B)5 (SWOT Analysis) i6T! e4 iV->4 3*R;( N*3O5B% ? �$�&%6E iC�h%6 ex6C�: =�1=)? c�B4 8=4-R

A�' �50�.:a yL�&' e��4 Fx-�O0%6E -�]:-:! (��d-50%6 �F�P%6 =�1=)?? A��5%6 -7T"=�]5. %X�; J-��*h%6 =�$; a `��5;-5< j=�%E `4EFG:B1C05%6aA Z VT-�H _C/5y6 c�B4 2 P*< V-�]� `��-.; (�* c�B4 �?CH ex6C�:E (�v%-$: ex6C�: P$�qa` 4E c�B

`:-.5^6�FP%6 E:]I6C(%6 Fx-O0 YLf e: 4EFG:`pF5h0%6 .|X]; o,-0B% eg*>? _! cB4 y6VT-H _C/5Z (h1F3%6 V6F05�Z6 (�*B;-H _-0�qE -]?6V=�H 9-�.>% J��$%6E iF*�+>%-; u�"505? `�,!E a`50�.: e4 y(h*HTE y(*$H6E yiVC� `1=% "_!

-]4EFG:.

A.$? �$&%6E iCh%6 ex6C: _! F"<X?: Y/(?(*Bf6T A.$? Fx-O0%6E �FP%6 "_! e*d A' a Y/(?:(*IV-f .yLk::

iCh%6 _C/? =H : e*:�5B:E e*;"Fv: e*P�C: �$&%6 _C/1 =H:e*P�C0%6 j=% (*.h5%6 \6V-]0%6 A' �h, (�FP%6 _C/? =H: `50�.: l; JCh? SX%6 #0$%6 (*4C.% (046=%6 (:C/)%6 (Z-*Z.

Fx-O0%6 _C/? =H : "_!Q7�*<F? £-h, 6EF"*^ e**%-)%6 e*),-0%6

_C/1 =H =*P0%6 e:A%-5%-< YE=I uqE:

! "!#$%&'() "*)+!,+-()

.*#/0() 1.2()

"_2%6 |X7 YLf e: #0$%6 #�-R0`*P�C: u: Q]*3$*Z (hk%6 ;0�.0%6 �1�$5(FG0%6E ED.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


12

*5'6FG#3HD 2A$6 IDJD "K "<X? F!", l26b -:�o,-: VFH Q4T 4EFG:E a`%X; Fx-O1 -0",2 C]' a`X% 61 _! `*B4 A�>.VT-H _C/?y6%6 Q1=h? cB4 #*%=

-],! n>k5%" iFx-O:i=*I."

£-h, AB1 -: A'\@-v:(<F5G: �; @"= ! _1_C/`54-35Z6 A' -]01=h? yL*%T -],C<: ! E (h;-R%6 ��-5.%6z!F-7. ! 2 i9-P<A' i=*I iV6T B$51 -:FG0%-; �E4\- �-.%6E. ! \6V-]:i=*I W6 A' uqE A' \6V-]:E (*%-0%6 iV6T6#1C05B% (*v*?6F5Z. ! 9-P/%6i.h5%6 *(%-v: A' `)`,6=*:( �-O%6. )e��4 =��1�0%6 (��'F$0%W6 \6V-��]: (��*%-0%6 iV6T u��I6V a"ST-��UVW6 #*%=��%6" ¤��; ��B$50%6"(��*%-0%6 (��;-HF%6 \6ET!

��R0%6E(%�9-" .E��gxL% c��B4 DL =��1�0%66 e��4 (*v*?6F5��Z%6 #��1C05u��I6V "ST-��UVW6 #*%=��%6" ¤��; ��B$50%6" u��qE@6 (*v*?6F5Z%6B1C05(*.("

G/B G--)* +8c(( %6%5Y1 B;G- @F$-;68 G93- F>5$�1"F1Fh? 0�.0%6( SC.R%6 "y-,-/:=*P: y6W 0%6 \-:CB$0%6 |X7 T-v1(,"E= . e"0&51 C]' iT-4G0%6 #*�-P?F \-4E A5%6�v,! a\ E! ��v.�5Z(.R%6 YLf l.t0&? e4 yL&' ae4 #*�-P?! �Bv: 9-&4(0�.0%6 *P�C:E a-] �$;E

YCd ($I6F%6 (1X�5%6[6 Fz%-; �B$50%6N3O .(>R.%-;E 6 c%2 (*%-0%6 \-:CB$0% "_�': (OR, e! (*%-0%6 \-,-*>%6 �=d�0%6�I6F$( ! F>5$?F:y6=*P: M*d ay6 e/01�? _!�V=� �-zC%6 |X7�-]P�C; : \-h)B . ('-q2 e/01EP? #*�-!Fk<a

c%2 (>R.%-; =1=)5%-;E6DEFG0%:

6b2 `50�.: n,-<=1=Ii_C/*Z a-: y-4C, ar$+%6 e: *>? - _ -]H-h)5Z6iFx-O0%6� e4 `%X; J-*h%6 `./01 `%b u:E �1Fx:

! T6=$? A3O%6 =*1�5%6e*HCzC0%6 i-4F%6E (*0<-)%6 9-&4! |-12 `&"): SX%6. ! +)%6Ce*>Z-): e: (%-ZV cB4 Y! =*P? e1=05$:E e*HCzC: ", `!J-�, \�G, 2=*I (*%-: iV6T 8T-054-; y6

e1K6C0%6E N;6C&%6. ! E e*P�C0%6 e4 \-:CB$0%6 F*'C? /E! %6e*4C350a A5%6 ?FG: A' Q]d-v, �/$E4\-(Bz-0: .

YCh%6 (�LfEa _! #>H #+, 2DEFG0%6 #*�-P? c% =1F*Z o,-0%6:'F$( A%-5%6`.:AB1 -: : ! `0Z6DEFG0%6 E! (0�.0%6 A' 8�<F:E . ! (0�.0%-; Y-+?L% i=*P: #*�-P?E 9-0Z!. ! sl; `5B� A7 -:E aJ=O?E w=]5R? u05v: S! ! -]5*v*?6F5Z6E -]51-^E (0�.0%6 (%-ZV. ! \-*B/*]%6 A7 -:)\-*.>%6 E! (Q&? e:E a(0<-)%6. ! <V-G0%6 e*4C350%6E e*P�C0%6 iF>f jC5R:e*. ! l*' #0$? SX%6 {-*R%6 A' (0�.: -7V->54-; a(�-O%6 `50�.: iCH. ! #vZ`B04 V-R: 6 M*d e:[9-P/%6E FziE 2W6E u1V-G0%6 iV6T(*%-0%6 iV6T.

F:! a�=$; a("0zEy6=I Q]: ! #>H l; JCh? _! `:�B1 _C/? _y6�7-I (;-5/%AB1C05%6 `4EFG: :`*B4 N*3O? 4EFG:`#*+P5%-; : 6X7E � A' l% j"=+5.Z -%66 QRh e: A%-5% 6X7"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6."

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


13

0-& L8MND'.$%

e0/?[6 iC3O%6c%EQ*h�? _! A' DEFG0%6 `3*3O? (*B04 A' e*; (1CH (B� `5%-ZV6E (*0*�.5%6 `5*v*?6F5ZE e*;FG:E4`"=)0%6 T .%6 �3O%6 e:E Q*Rv! _AB1 -"0: �B3.?" :-:9AG%6 C7 SX%6 e/01!), _ #+ Y-0%6 cB4

slBI! e:."

"_20�.0%6( A7 6 (B/G0% (;-v5ZE!(�*>%6 A' (�F' E �e: -]5%-ZV u>.? -.7 *v*?6F5Z6E �-]5X7Erv1 -: 6 _!lv%-$? (3O%66@*v*?6F5Z( . _C/? _! A�>.1EG0%6FE4\-A5%6 g3O?N -]B1C0? c%2 c$R?E -]% y69�I e:

6*v*?6F5Za`5TFv: �*%E 6 u0v% (B*ZEY-0% . �/$? _! rv1 `53fAB1 -::

! `0]'% {-*RBP*<E(* 6/$,- �b`%A' (%-ZV 0�.: `5 E6*v*?6F5Z�-]5 ! "=)0%6 wEF�%6{-*R%6 6X7 A' iT? _! -]./01 M*d a �BO%6(B/G0A5%6 w=]1 DEFG0%6 c%2v%-$:a-]5

-]5*7-:E� ! �DEFG0%6 w6=7! ! %6(*B0$A5%6 A:F? 2 �*h)? c% |X76[w6=7.

)�0B% uI6V DCqC0%6 6X7 YCd #*�-P5%6 e: =1"(1T-UVW6 (%T[6 "¤; (hB$50%6" :N*3O5%6 �6F$5Z6 "E"Av*?6F5Z@6 N*3O5%6 "E"#0$%6 N*3O?.( HO'P7Q#83%&

! "#$% "&!'&()% *+#, -./+012 j=%),-0%6*e y6=I iF*k< r%-3: %7TV6C0e: (h1Fx #&'�; -]:6=O5Z6 _�G; 6EVgFh1 _! Q]*B4E �Q (h3.0%6 M*d

Sg=)5%6 E! (B/G0%6 E! (*&h%6 E! Q*BHW6 E! (*'6F�v%6 . (h1F3; `4EFG: {-*Z (^-*� c%2 (I-); `,! A.$1 6X7E |X7 (v%-$: _! F]�? -0< ao,-0%6 \-:-0576 rZ-.? iVC+; -]5v%-$: Q5? A5%6 (�FP%6 E! (B/G0%6 -]*' F]�?

h3.0%6 A' a(�FP%6 `B? YL�5Z6 E! a(B/G0%6 \-*,-/:2 "_!E �(0]: (%�R: aDEFG0%6 A' iT=)0%6 �x-.0%6 E! (y6=I iF*>< QtB$5%6.

y-4C*U Fk<[6 9-*U[6 �$; ? _! rv1 A5%6'F$-] e4 {-*R%6 DEFG0%6 rR);E!p6F5H@6 A7 :

! (h3.0%6 #*�-P?E Q*BHW6E =B>%6 )�%2 a_-/R%6E (:C/)%6E Q*BHW6 A' uHC0%6(...� ! e4 \-:CB$:(%-0$%6 uqEE (1T-+5H@6 (%-)%6 e4E FhP%6 /�(%-3>%6 ! �(Z�C.�v%6 #�-R: ! 9-;E uqE"W6K=1"� ! Q*B$5%6E ()+%6.

2 `50�.: n,-< 6b?5 cx-$-v:y@T=): =h' ay6?C T!&? _Q\-:CB$0%6 �$; jFf[6a <[6 T=$C5? e1X%6 �-OU"' F

Q]1=%�?6C]%6.

�F5P.% C7 J-$%6 `4EFG: w=7 _!:

Z* 8-.7 _C/D-P?V6 (G*$: jC5R: A' �' e**P1F%6 _-/R%6 u*0IA (�h3.: "XYZ" a J-�4 YC�B);2005 a \-ZV-0: (v*5,(*46VK !#&' .

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


14

&/+* 52-B<' 5d&/?>,3%( +7%( M?97e% G1[E&3>% T61K/fW+g !4<,3 &/ G:@h&1#%(

-0;V? =1F! _� V=�?\-:CB$: e4 (,V-h: �x-.0%6 A' (G*$0%6 jC5R: %61F&)(*P1F%6E ( aE!B$0%6 _�G; \-:C[6 (*46V�%6 \-ZV-00%6y-4C*U Fk<A' A%-)%6 nHC%6 a-]?=�-' J=4 r>ZE <6FG%6 e: DC, S! E!( iTCIC0%6e*; �-O%6E J-$%6 e*4-3h%6.

"<X? `,6 F? @ r5/�!(dEFx� C7 `'=]' Q1=h?Z A5%6 i=*P0%6 \-:CB$0%6 (;-k0; _C/5 (*PBf(h*U -hB% a¡V_ET _!

?l/;F @ #*�-P5; %-]% JE� .VEF&%6 =.4i�-5)5Z a? _! c%2 M*); `?-:CB$: VT-+: �>5h?"<X5 F! _?�dL-] T6=4�; `:-*H j=%(:KL%6 �C)>%6.

; `:-*H c5dEY-+?@- YE[6 v%6 u:(]),-0%6 a( `*B4 ! _? =*I QB4 cB4 _C/;4EFG: {-*R`.

E`*B4a !y-&1 ! _?)q6E _C/y- -G; _!4EFG: w6=7l% j"=�+�5�1 -: 6X7E a` A'%6 QRh A' #*+P5%-; A%-5%6" #*%=%6

ST-UVW6 " ¤; �B$50%6";Av*?6F5Z@6 N*3O5%-."

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


15

5&RST& (BdF0%6 |X7 A'a `*B4 _!�?g=)pCqC; `4EFG: w6=7! Ta A/%wF$? -: N>&%-; 6bJ�5$? h*h)? l.E w=]%6 =*v%6

iT-4 �F$1:

! lh*h)? =1F? -:)`?-1-^(� ! -]h*h)? =1F? �*<)`%b c%2 `5B*ZE(� ! _C*R*�F%6 _E=*P5R0%6 Q7 e:.

¤; A.$,E"e**R*�F%6 e1=*P5R0%6 " y6=1=)?"e1F*f[6 e1=*P5R0%6" c%2 w=]1 DEFG: A' _E=*P5R0%6 _C/1 `%X;E �

�*%E 9-.vR%6 Q7 a�6�F)%6 r1V=? �1Fx e4 a-: m=B>; -: mevZ A' 9-.vR%6 D-qE! e*R)?�6�F)%6.

2 F�,! ae/%E e*Bk: c%! YCdw6=7(*%-5%6 :

1. ("0z (G*$: jC5R: A' iT-1KA' �1F%6 _-/Z u*0I "XYZ" J-4 YCB);2005av*5, y( \-ZV-00%(*46VK! #&'.

2. egR)? \-;V 9-R.%6\C*>%6aA?6CB%6 1G$e(h3.: A' "XYZ" a]5G*$: jC5R:e ; (1-], YCB) J-42003`%bE aC3? YLf e: >Z-.0%6 (*46V�%6 \6V-]0%6 F1(.*/05% e] e:J-*h%6; (46V�%-%6 (1C*)y-1V-v?

E(:6=5R0%6 y-*�*;.

-"+3(412 "&5, "+6 .7812 9, /: sy6=I y6T=): E=>1 Ff�6 -0*' y6=I J-4 -07=d! "_! (�dL0%6 `54-35Z6 A' #7

w=]%61 AB< w=7 C7 E! aJ-4 ) y-&1! c"0R1 _-*d[6 �$; A'E"(1-^.(" w=]%62 T=): ) y-&1! c"0R1 _-*d[6 �$; A'E"DEFG0%6 �F^.("

e1X7 w6=7[6 A4C, c%2 �-5)? \-4EFG0%6 #<E.

-]:6=O5Z6 u*35R? A/% a`4EFG: l% ~C+? SX%6 ao,-0%6 -]:=O5R1 A5%6 \-)B3+0%6 ('F$: =*P0%6 e:E .

-0, A' iTCIC0%6 \-:CB$0%6 i96Fh; `%b ('F$: `,-/:�;E ��C0%6 e: -].4 V-RP5Z@-; E! a#1C05%6 \->Bx �b cB4 Q]$HC: iV-1�; E! aDEFG0%6 e4 YE}R0%6"n,F5,W6."

Q]1=% _C/? =H aQ]*%2 J"=h0%6 `>Bx A' Ah3.0%6 #0$%6 V-x2 #*B)? J=O5R? _! `.: _C$"HC51 e1X%6 e*),-0%6 "_2w6=7[6 e4 -]; F">$�1 _! _E=1F1 (�-f (h1Fx .=v5Z e4 =1�0%6 "LFA" A'"\-)B3+0%6 �C:-H " A'E

"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6"N*3O5%6 �6F$5Z6."

"; </=12 >(412 �-O%6 DEFG0%6 �F^ =1=)? A' Q]R*Z -: C7E ai=4-R0%6 e: w=]%6 E! (:-$%6 (*0.5%6 J-$%6 w=]%6 �F$1 .

w=]%-; �B$51 -: A' -7Ft<X? rv1 A5%6 (0]0%6 VC:[6 e:EAB1 -: J-$%6 :

! (0�.: E! y-4EFG: `P�C; a(*B/%6 `51-^ E! J-$%6 `'=7 �*h)? `./01 @ . �*h)? A' Q]R*Z `4EFG0'`%b.

! Fg'C1w=7J-$%6 `% (*B/%6 `51-^ E!: p-v, j=: l; �*h? _! `./01 y-0B$4EFG:` e1Ff�6 \-4EFG:E [6 \6bF^6 �%6Bz-00(.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


16

! 1 (*B/%6 (1-�%6 E! J-$%6 w=]%6 SX%6 o,-0%6 (%-ZV u:E `50�.: (%-ZV _L42 u: e*h'6C5: -,C/1 _! rv#1C05B% y->Bx l*%2 lIC5?.

! yiT-4 -: 1{F�5R J-$%6 w=]%6 �*h)? y-5HE (*B/%6 (1-�%6 E! YCx! e: �*h)? mDEFG: �F^"=):T.

";>(412?/@12 A(B#12 "_2 �F^ C7 T"=)0%6 �-O%6 l'=7 E! DEFG0%6 iT-4AG%6e/01 SX%6 9 4EFG0%` !y6VT-H _C/1 _cB4 ? lh*h) e:

YLf%6#0$ . l,2 (v*5,_! rv1 _C/1%6 e: e/00#�C5%6 A' -]*%2"=): nHETa E7@6 C*v*?6F5Z( -]>x-O5Z A5%60�.0%6( DEFG0%6Ee*$: Y-v: A' (.*$: (B/G: #)%a 2y-:-]Zw=]%6 �*h)? A' (1-�%6 E!:-$%6e* . _C/1 =H

mDEFG0% -:Fk<!T=): �F^ e: a[6 e: e/%E #&'! _?g<F A' �-].*; e: Q7[6 `%b `4EFG:.[6 �$; VC:0%6(0]_! rv1 A5%6 ?"<X5F-7 �F^ e4 DEFG0%6 E!'=7 l %6 �-O%6T=)0AB1 -: :

! #]Z! lh*h)? (*B04 Q*0+? o>�! ay6T=): DEFG0%6 w=7 _-< -0B<. ! %6 T=$< aiT=): y-'6=7! #0G? _! YE-d s`%b (PB< Q<E e]5G*$: jC5R: "egR)�1 A?6CB%6 FZ[6 \-;V 9-R.

`:t=h? �-*h% -]:6=O5Z6 e/01 \6FgU}: #f=�? n,�' a`%b #$P? -:=.4) uI6V"\-)B3+0%6 �C:-H " Q]P% oB3+: _C0&:"\6FU}0%6.("

! lh*h)? (*,-/:2 cB4 Q/)5Z A5%6 (v*5.%6 C7 DEFG0%6 w=7 �*h)? "_2 .; = $�? @ A' A%-�? @E #*)5R0%-`?6V=H E! `?6V-]: F1=h?.

1 2C/#()D=% ! '4#12 ": EF! G%BH2I G9$J/K6 L G!32(,M *N/+O PQR-ST&9#D12 M;I7K: ! `'6=7-"04 iFU->: o,-0%6 ¥>.�5Z:

! 26b e0q �V=.1 DEFG0%6 _-<!l?-1C%E� ! j=:E qC p `1=% F:[6YE-)? -: YCdh*h)? l� ! 6b2 n.<*$H6EJ! y-C7 `%b "_!E a@ [6 F:=*P: #05): Fz! DEFG0B% _C/*Z l",!E al.*$; .

*OU@12 S3: ! [6cB4 8=4-R? w6=7o*qC? `51-^E 5Z6*v*?6F`507-R0B% ( �*h)? A' `B?%6(1-�. ! 6[ w6=72 F'C?V-x #04 Q*0+5% (*B04DEFG0%6. ! [6'C? w6=7 F"?y-*$H6E y-hth)" y6VT-H o,-0%6 _C/1 M*); a(1¦V cB4 2 j=:/:_-p-v.%6 . ! 6 N;F? w6=7[ DEFG0%6 (0�.0%6 (%-ZF;E!'6=7 (%-ZF; `%X<E a-]o,-0%6�F5P0%6 . ! w=]%6%6 %6 E! AB/F'C1 J-$ (*0<6F? (1-^ #1C3%6 j=0%6 cB4. ! F'C1 DEFG0%6 �F^'=7y-+H * Fj=0%6 y-'=7 #/G1 S! aFU->:y6.

u:6 o*qC?[w6=77 (*%-5%6 iC3O%6 _�' a Q*0+? A (*B04DEFG0%6.

!"#$%&'

"_2 N*3O5%6 (*B04 Q*0+? A.$1 �*< SC.?�*h)?�F^ DEFG0%6 .

-":! (*B0$%6'A] BdV (*v1V=? ()iC3f iC3f( 5Z A5%6c%2 `B�C �*h)? DEFG0%6 �F^ .E (*B04%6Q*0+5 A.$?W6;-I ( cB4(B�Z! e:#k::

! s#$P5Z 6b-:)Y-04[6( ! s`%X; JCh5Z e1!

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


17

! *<s`%b #$P5Z � ! s8V-G*Z e: ! Qv.5Z A5%6 \-I�FO�0%6 A7 -:) uI6V"\-)B3+0%6 �C:-H("s ! s(PB5O0%6 \-I�FO�0%6E (3G,[6 #+)5Z c5: ! sJ=h5%6 =��F�*Z �*<) uI6V"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6"Q1Ch5%6E =�F%6.(" ! sDEFG0%6 J"Ch*Z �*<) uI6V"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6"E =�F%6Q1Ch5%6.(" ! s(3G,[6 SFv�5% -]*%2 �-5)5Z A5%6 TV6C0%6 A7 -:) uI6V"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6" uqE

\-,K6C0%6.("

cB4 y6VT-H _C/? _! rv16W;-I( |X7 cB4 (B�Z[6 #>H ! !=>? _(^-*+;%6 DEFG0.

=H -7�6 -.B�E _2%6 (1-], c%6 QRh #>H lB04 A�>.1 -: YE-.51 SX%^-*�(%6 DEFG0. 1 2C/#()D=% ! EF VWI7X12 ":! PQR M1C PY P=8% G*N/+O2 K#17ZI-

\F/' -0B< e0% ? r5/e:E n,! -:E=1F? SX%6h*h)? ! `4EF�G: 9-�I al #�&' . e�:E6 [ o�IV! _1 _C�/ `4EF�G: y-/Z-0? Fk<!h3.:Ey- L:E9: y(v,E-dy-.

B% j"=+51 SX%6 =1=v%6 QRh%6 ($;-50% �7-I _�6 n,!EAh*h)%6 DEFG0.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


18

1&U&'(V

!"()&') *+!"#,"-&'( AB$P%6 DEFG0%6 c%2 _�6 -.B�E . e: QRh%6 6X7 A'"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 "A?�6 u: #:-$5.Z:

! �IC:E \-1C5)0%6aE A' uqC1 -: |X76 (16=;G0%FDE. ! jC5)0%6 #*+P? `%b A' -0; aDEFG0%6 QRI (;-5<. ! \-I-5.5Z@6 (;-5<)(0?-O%6 (*0%6E(*,6�. ! �'F�5Z A5%6 \-h)B0%6 _�G; V6FH b-O?6.

26b=H n.< [6 u*0v; n0H [6 Y-04 (*%E (^-*� e: QRh%6 6X7 _C/*Z%6G0FyyL]Z DE . e4 iV->4 F*f[6 6X]'

(h*zE]:"0y6=I (! i=$% �->Z.

F>5$? 6b-0% (h*zE(0]: DEFG0%6s

oq6C%6 e: =d! "_![6 C7 �->Z!"_ (h*zC%6 |X7 g/G5Z #!o,-0%6 V6FH �-Z #1C05; DEFG0%6 E!@ . 8-.7 e/%E A�>.1 Ff� r>Zy-0�6T |Ft<X? .'TFv0> YC+d �C5/0%6 p6F5H@6cB4YC>H e*),-0%6 aV-x2 o>+1 #04 DEFG0%6a

E SX%6 _-/0%6 l*' T"=)�?VETiDEFG0%6 a SX%6 �-Z[6E �*ZlBG' E! DEFG0%6 p-v, l*B4 y9-.; J"Ch. A'E `5^-*� 6% `,�' AB1C05%6 DEFG0�? �B `RP, J; DEFG0b SE \-1-^!w6=7e1T"=): (*B04E #/U SbE a.

=05$5Z `5^-*� (h1Fx6%2 aDEFG0¢=d c%),-0%6 \-]v%6 \->B35: cB4 a-: ( .EAB1 -: #0G? \-*,-/:W6:

! gOB? i=d6E ()P� e: (h*zE -: � a`%b (*P*<E lh*h)? #:�?C3O<i1=*]0? (%B o,-0*%gFh_-< 6b2 -: V y-05]:

; cB4 YC+)%-%6J! \-:CB$0%6 e: =1�0 @ .-.7ag<F5Z cB4 �! w6=7 i-"fC50%6 (*B0$%6gOB:E+-]. ! �bC0,:�o,-0%6 l$qE SV-*$ E7 CZ*g3� F*k/%6 Ae: \@-v0%6 -]RP,6 `B5< A5%E �>Z-7-.GH-,ayL&'

`B? e4 A5%6 -]GH-,QRh%6 6X7.�-5)5Z 2 c%�6VT2-: =1F? l%CHn)? "=)0%6 e1E-.$%6iT. ! �bC0, =dC:`4EFG: #*�-P? #< Q&1 _! rv1. EX7 6"=):T! F*k/; Fk<%6 e: -: e/%E a�;-R%6 �bC0.

Y6�1 e/00%6 e:!? _! �F$8V-/'3*3O?E ` `)%-+%. ! `IbC0,�-O%6 C7E a`% o*5*Z!E `33f Q1=h? 8V-/' cB4!lIE #&' .B$%E e: l1F�%6r! _C/1 _

r$�! 6X7!C,6D -]5;-5< `*B4 r"IC51 =H A5%6 \-4EFG0%6 .[-' F: _! A' `% =�-4gFh? -: V?YChE �*< C7 -:E>*?F?l E%Cxl. QRh%6 6X7 A' Z%6 e: DC.%6 6X7 cB4 �<F. \-4EFG0.%8=4-RcB4 uqEB/*7* l5

! cB4 l5;-5<E `4EFG:e/0: lIE #&'.

)P+%6 A' ( J=h, (*%-5%66F5H6 p%: N3O0GFaDE Ehd@y- A'6X7 Z QRh%6[6 e: =1�0%6 `% J=h. (*P*< YCd V-/'"#:9 "%6B/*](*=.4 5<-;5]-.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


19

!"#$% &'()*+%,-.*/+0 !"#$%&'() *+,-() ./#()

!""#$ %&'""()*&+$ %"", -.. /01"",2*& 13'""# 4&567""89 :;9""<= >""?2@ 0+:1ABC . -D<($+EF$'G %'H$ I.

! /01,2*& %&'(= ! J8&/01,2*& 9K* 4L5MN$ -7*& >*9O'*& ! 93;9)P QHR+ &ST0 9KU&'(=0 V72W(R J8& ! /01,2*& XC9($ %+ Y(H2$ Z6P [\]+ J8& QAA)^ ! _$;97*&

!"#$%&" '()*

QA./'a'2*& 13'@Q= b$1B7*9. V*S0 c: ! >A39Rd9Ae*&fa'*& 0+ -*9g*& . ! 9R )2* h&1"<6*& >?A"80 V"72W(R 9"KA*T i1" -7*& >M$1j*& -3 >"#*9

kFH,2*&. ! *& lm3 &S92*:5A#*& -3 >M$1j. ! R9 1no& '3 8 pm*&A7qLMg. ! 5Ar7e2*& %'HA8 QR$A898o& QAQ. ! YR92^s >A(Rt*& :17r*&. ! r?H*&>>A*92@s& .

Q= 5$t$ I 92. u17M2*& ZA6?^300>2?O . +,-.&" '()*

&m39L2R ;9M*& 5=9eA8 v>=1e. Y(= wg<$ 9R x9#$T y?=. 5=k9grB*& 49C;+0 >AeAz1*& Q$09()*& x. /01#2(.&" '()* ! !. d9Ae*& {|} fR c~9#$To& h9j=>?B*& k&S 49C;. ! T -7*& >|1r*& 0+ >?H,2*& kx5� {AO u1P�9� l5@'. V2K^. ! e]3�$ 9R 19$9\M*& V?^ >#*9)2* V72W(R [ ! T u1P+ �&53 /01,2*&*&0 >R9)*&>|96 ! 2*& >A?2)*& Z6*>$'(. 2$ /'@1*& JH(HT GF* kFA$m7*& y* [A"|9r7*& Q"R 5$t2*& y?= /F .T &S

�9(3 %9O QR . q?)7$ 1B(= Y"A?= �?"8 >8'N(N#*9 h'"\*&. 0 �"U9O &ST �9(3 QRx5K^ 1G96R /01,2*&+1OS93. } ~9#$ fRrAO>A *&5B7 c9K* p

bU92*& QR >.'?j2*& >U012*& >@;x -3 9R0. /01",2*& >R&57"8& XC9"U0 /0+1n+ l.

! !"#$%&)'()&* +,-. /,0(1 ! 0 :x5""g2*& �1""r*&/ ><""e(*9. >?""B*& k&S kFH"",2*& 0+

bU92*&0 >2W(2*& y*T)>gr| {BU 'gU(� ! �&5"""3o&) >gr"""| {"""BU '"""gU( bA"""a'^ 9"""KA] 9"""2. c

�Q$5Ar7e2*& ! :x'BM2*& >A?2)*&)k9gr| f.;+ 0+ �Fn 'gU.(

3456.&"- 3456.&" 789

AU&tA2*&> <($ >A?ABr7*& -D+ 1Om^ % kFA$m7*& -]k9Mg?2*&0 . %+ y"?= c1Om^9(3c�M] c + 2*& x'"(. J"3 >"AU&tA * /'"2#2*&0 :5"2 /01",2*& . "30 '

+E9\$[$'2^ >j� ZA6?7* 5A@ %9HR /01,2*&cL2R0 [$'27*& !?j^ Q+\$E9�

&S9""2*0 >""*9O'*& Q""R Y""<?j^ 9""R ~9""#$}. QA"". . E&t@'""R LJ""a>AU&tA2*& Q= E9<\7MR.

902$2:;" '<="><.&"4 /0

cV(H2$9(3 + c % x;' [A|9r^ c/01,2*& Je@U0x92[$'j^ . T �(O &S >""j� 4567""e^"LFA" 9K)""a'* !"""89(2*& %9""H2*& '""3 &m"""K] ) .+ 1"""WU

"R9C�' k9g?j"B2*& "0 " px9"P;s& [A*5"*& " �". q"?)72*&" �&1)7"8&�Aj67*&.("

-"(Rt*& �05#*&0 qz&1j*&0 /01,2?* [BrR -(M^ {|0 >""AU&tA2*&0 >""A*92*& k9""U9A<*&0 p'(""e*& 1""$1M7*&0 >?""LBr2*&

&1#2?30 >MLC52*&...

/0?(-.&"4 /@<1A2&"

x5= -7*& >gU92*& ;x9B2*& %+ bU9"2?* Q"H2$ 9"KA?= ��1")7$ 9"3;9<7=9. EF�R c>C'n'R0 :527)R ;x9BR" :o& �R9U1.s& :5g72*& JR-z92U."

pm*& !A^17*9. c9KA*T k5(78& f@&1R p+ x5= -"] Y" 527=&Z(*&.

B9"5.&" '.C0D

!"#$%& '()* –+,-.$%&

9�v%6 DEFG0%6 QRI #g/G1 ¤; l*' JCh? SX%6 AR*�F%6"%6 (*B04u*>"� u.h? l*P'; o,-0%6 iVEF&:`4EFG |6E=IE.

"_2@-v0%6 �-5)? A5%6 (*R*�F%6 \2*3�? c%-]5 -.7 )E; n0H `,! ��F�5P�1[-1F*&)5%6 Y-04( (A7:

! 6 {-*R%)()P� C),(� ! �FP%6E /(B+%6 \6b \L/G0%6 E! / o,-0%6E (0�.0%6 c%2 (>R.%-; iT"=)0%6 (�-O%6)()P� �+, C),(� ! w6=7[6)()P� �+, C),(�e1=*P5R0%6 o*qC? -]*' -0; a ! iTC+h0%6 (*B0$%6)\-)P� u;V! E! �Lz C),.(

(0B< wEFd #�6E! J6=O5Z6 6X7 Ft<X5% {F3%6 j=d2E"F<�E "(1�*B/,W-;" S! a"CROP":

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


20

C = Context = {-*R%6 R = Relevance = o,-0%6 c%2 (>R.%-; E! `*%2 (>R.%-; (B+%6 (H-zE O = Objectives = w6=7[6 P = Process = (*B0$%6

!"# $% &'()"CROP" *+ ,-./0)1 e/01 ¤% "CROP" !=4-R1 _8 e0&*Z l",! A' [6 \@-v0%6 Ag3�? _! �;Vu %6 (*�R*�F A�5%6I-5)? -�] % #*/�G5 Q�RI

`4EFG::

! �>Z % ! _! n�*h% F��, c�B4 i DEF�G0%6 {-*�Z .E Q�]0%6 e�:a -�.7 a _! g=�)? u�HC: T {-*�Z DEF�G0%6 �*B):y- E2*0*BHay- 6b2E e/:!*%ETy-. _C/1 =h'"05]: o,-0%6y-'F$0; ( -: 2 _-< 6b% DEFG0B! S!|X7 cB4 Fz \-1C5R0%6

(PB5O0%6. >Z cB$'Y-k0%6 #*a 8-.7 w=]1 DEFG: 2 c�%2 u�05v: 9-�G, �1-4F%( ! J-�51"W6 K=�1" �' A �x-�.0%6 F*hP%6 2 A' aij=d jF>/%6 _=0%6 a ./01 l ! _1g%C= :$ ('F0]: (A%E=%6 =*$+%6 cB4. �' o,-�0%6 _-�< 6b �1Q4= G0%6F 9-;C; (hB$50%6 \-4E"K=1W6 " A'! e<-:!jFfa ' =�h? _C�/ |X�7 " (�3h, " (�*B04 o%-�� A�'" l�$*;." 6X7 _-/: %'F$0( m9AU-: e4 A' 8=4-R? =H o,-0%6! VFh? _5Z JL4g<F�.

! TFv: AP/1 @? _-�*> {-*�R%6� �' (�I-d A�' n�,2 c�% N;F�? _! e*�; e�: ¢#�< E {-*�R%6 (�3h,<F? �*� �50�.: E#vZ e4 yL&' a-7V-R: (%-ZV o,-0%6 . EV->$;i !jFfa `*B4 r*v�? _! A%-�5%6 Y6}�R%6 cB4: �: _b2 6b-

y-.Rd s{-*R%6 c%2 (>R.%-; . "_2 V-�G5,6 9-�;E" K=�1W6 " S! e�: F�k<! (�*h1F'[6 96F)�+%6 �C�.I _6=�B; A�' (�H-zEE 6X�7 (�*07! e�0/? e�1! e�/%E �(B�&$0%6 |X�7 C�0, u�: r�Z-.5%-; C�0.1 J-51[6 T=4E a=*I �Ff� _-/:

so,-0%6 c%2 (>R.%-; `%X<E a(0�.0%6 c%2 (>R.%-; al5B� ! "_2[6=7 w6 A' _C/? _! rv1:=h:("HC5? -: u!"_ `4EFG:gh)1hl l�.4 Qv.*�Z SX�%6 F�z[6 C�7 -�:E . ��'6b

�< r5 DEFG0%6 =*I �CBZ�;a w6=�7[6 |X7 eg*>? _! ay-&1! arIE% o,-�0B6 *v*?6F5�Z E (*�R*�F%6 `5 Q�7 e�:=*P5R0%6EDEFG0%6 e: _J-4 lIC; . 6X7E!y-&1 rZ-.: _-/: %� iV-U2[6 c% Fz6 e:-/% M*d e: #05)0%6V6F/5%6 (:6=5Z@6E (1) ! F�,"-H �C:\-)B3+0%6"(. E a=�*P0%6 e: -�.7a ? _! �]� F! �,` =�H \F�/';P*/ (�*

`%bE aDEFG0%6 e: `50�.: �-)R,6 (h1F3;(0I-.%6 =�6CP%6 cB4 (�'-)0%6 e: e/0?. ! �>Z _! -.%-.0B/?(*B0$%6 cB4 .4 Q*0+? Q1=h? c%2 `4EFG: A' �-5)? =h'e*5h1F3; `5*B0:

o iT"=��)0%6 (��*.:K (��3O%6E iT"=��)0%6 (3��G,[6E (��*.h5%6 #*��-P5%6 A��3$? (*B*��+P? (��3f T6F��12

-].: #/% (1VEF&%6 TV6C0%6E aiC3f #< \-I�FO�:E .�)B0%6 c%2 "Q&�1 _! e/01 6X7E. o (:-$%6 (3G,[6 eg*>1 �OB:)#04 §VE (:-H2 ayLk: (.. ("0]: \-I�FO�:E)6 ayLk: J-51[ ¥IL0%

"K=1W6" |-�*0%6 Q*�h$? (*P*/; (hB$50%6 \-h+B0%6E a ( TV6C�0%6 D6C�,!E) e*;V=�: e**'-�q2 e*P�C�:e*1V-G5Z6 e*Z=.]:E �->G%6 u: #0$%6 cB4 .(F1Fh5%6 QRI c%2 "Q&�1 _! e/01 lB< 6X7.

23 /4+ 56/7%8 5"(319:;4< 5";"=>? 5@A B%C

�BO1 l,! A' �"OB0%6 (0]: e0/? j=% V-h%6J-057@6 ¡ _ET c%2 l5I-d#*�-P5%6 A' �C�%6 . a�OB0%6 S! aC]'V6Fh%6 u,-�6 #gk01 �)B0%6 -0*' a V-G5R0%A.h5%6.

¤; ay6T"=v�: a`RP, Fg<b (*,6�*0%6E �"OB0%6 c%2 Y-h5,@6 #>HE"CROP"l*.$1 -:E :

C = Context = {-*R%6 R = Relevance = .%-; (B+%6 (H-zEo,-0%6 c%2 (>R.%-; E! `*%2 (>R

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


21

O = Objectives = w6=7[6 P = Process = (*B0$%6

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


22

/0#0-1-23&456&75$%&* /4 23 56/7%81D0E%8 8F3 B%C

n�,! (��I-);2 c�%u��0I V-��/'! ¡V-�h%6 r*v5��R*% % �%Ch? -��0lE ?3Bl��> . ? \-I-5.5�Z@6E8=4-��R �%b c��B4 A��3$1 -��0*' a �OB:*,6�*0%6 ¡V-h%6 (iF/' q6E Qvd e4 () `>Bx,C0&:El.

K-v1�; �OB? _!E `vvd £-h, #< \-I-5.5Z@6 u0v? _! rv1 a6X%E)()P� �+, (V6F/? -0,ETE:

! siVEF&%6E (*07[-; DEFG0%6 QR"51 6b-0% ! sDEFG0%6 6X]; J-*hB% o%-+%6 uIF0%6 `50�.: #gk0? 6b-0% ! V->54@6 e*$; DEFG0%6 6X7 o,-0%6 Xf�1 _! rv1 6b-0%s|F�, (]IE e: ! slh*h)? e/01 6b-:

6C0%6 r"B35?E a6X7K (,"yL*%T2 1T-UVy-"�-f e0�q l�*%2 DC�IF%6 c�IF�1E a#*%=�%6 6X�7 #�k: -,T=�4! =�h' 6X�%E �-]; y-|X7 (%T[6 (4C0v: .-]+OB:E (*,6�*0%6 YCd (:-4 y-x-h, 8-.7 "e/%E:

! y6T"=): e< .,-0%6 l%gC01 _! =1F? -: pCqC; eg*;l.: y69�I J! lB< DEFG0%6 `%b _-<! ao. ! y-*$H6E e< . o.�0%6 Q�vd YC�d iF�/' `1=�% "_! "=��; L�' aQ*B�R%6 C�).%6 c�B4 `�B04 V-�x2 \�v,! =H n.< 6b�'

#0$%6 6X7 #k0% o,-0%6 -]>]1 A5%6 iT-5$0%6. ! #*�-P5%6 #f=? @)=*.>5%6 ( (.�Z #�/% =��-$B% DC0v0%6 cB4 �g<V #; aDEFG0%6 QRI A' a(�:-4 (��' #�/%E

Y-k0%6 #*>Z cB4"\6V=h%6 9-.; "(*>1V=5%6 #0$%6 §VE T6=$? A' �C�%6 e: y@=;. ! J! y-��1T-: Q4=��%6 6X�7 _-��<! ay-�&1! Q4=��%6 r�B3? e��"0: yLk�: �(��*%-0%6 `4EF�G: (*v*?6F5��Z6 e�4 iVC�� Jg=�H

�%2 a=4-Z e:E Q4=%6 V6=h: E! �B>0%6 _-< Q<E l:"=H SX%6 e:E ay-1C.$: ... e: Y-0%6 u0I (*.%6 n,-< 6b2E-]$>55Z A5%6 (h1F3%6E `%b r>Z pFG? _! `*B$' e1=*P5R0%6.

! %6 (%�R: (v%-$:(PB/-: ($P.0%6gF>Vy6 %6 M*d e: (PB/:-u'-.: e: lz=)�? .

-:!*,6�*0%6(*B*+P5%6 ( \-h)B0%6 =d! A' -]IVT�' .%6 A'DCqC0%6 6X7 cB4 Fk<! QB/5.Z A%-5%6 QRh.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


23

* /08.9$%&/:5;<-%&

G/H7? 8I/(%C%8 DJ B%K/E7;(1 ! rv1 _?$ wF r*v? �*<Y6}R%6 6X7 cB4_�6 .? \-h)B0%-'g/0. _! e: `h>?A Qv); DEFG0%6 QRIYCh$: a u:

_-0q ¡V-h%6 YC+dQ5]0%6 %6 cB4 #�-R50%6E#*�-P5%6 e: =1�0. �7EA ! y-�&1 _-�/0%6 SX�%6 `�./01! _ "Q�&? l�*'6 ��-zC%6W*'-q(5%6 (:KL%6 \-:CB$0%6 F'C? Aa6 _ET @ V6F3q2 c%2 (;-5< iT-4!].: iF*>< 96�I-.

#0G? A5%6 \-h)B0%-; (�-O%6 i=*P0%6 V-/'[6 �$; AB1 -: A':

! SC.R%6 F1Fh5%6 ! A^CB%6 V-xW6 r%-H(LFA Matrix)] VuI6 "-H: �C)B3+0%6-\" A�' " ST-�UVW6 #*%=�%6" ��B$50%6

¤;" �6F$5Z66N*3O5%[" ! (*B*+P5%6 (*,6�*0%6] uI6V"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6"(*,6�*0%6[" ! (h"H=�0%6 \-'CG/%6 �=d!. ! E {-*R%6 F]�? VC�/DEFG0%6 E! ! DEFG0B% #"+P: A.h? �*�C? ! #"+P: A.:K YE=I] uI6V"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6"#0$%6 N*3O?[" ! h5%6 F1V-h?C(B+%6 \6b Q1 ! $::CB \-2[6 e4 (*'-q%6 �-OU A' TF1 -: AP/1 @ M*d e*xFO.0SC.R%6 F1Fh5%6

(:CB$0%6 c%2 YC�C%6 #]R1 M*); `?-h)B: QgHV .\-1C5)0%6 ()P� A' -]$q.

y-ZF]' SC5)1 y6�IC: y69�I "Qq ay6F*f!E /A%-5%6 QRh%6 A' lv%-$.Z -: 6X7E �uI6F:E.

=#&($%&* >(?@%&

A�>.1 6X7! _C/1 _ y-0RHF*+Hy6y6=I .`,! F<X? @ ? r5/�!y(dEFx E!;-5< y-.

L*IC 8I/(%DJ D0E%8 8F3 1MN/(6C C7 `%X% AR*�F%6 r>R%6t<�5%6 e: =!"_%6 A5%6 ��-h)"=H 5:-] i=�.R�: ;-]; {CzC: VT-+0.

:=O5R? A5%6 (�*+%6 n,-< 6b2 �Bh? @-]% @ `$I6F0 ?g>B \->B35: A!*01T-<( .rv1E_! g<F? cB4 �AB1 -: :

! pCqC%6 ! `Z-05%6E

�VT!:

! �%}0%6 QZ6)e*P%}0%6 E!(�iFU-.%6 (0�.0%6 QZ6E a ! �VCG.0%6 QZ6 ! �FG.%6 �1V-? ! FU-.%6.

`%b F:[6 c&5H6 6b2 uI6F0%6 J6=O5Z6 e: o,-0%6 et/0? `5*, _C/? _! rv1.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


24

(*%-5%6 96�I[6 cB4 DEFG0%6 SC5)1 aV-+5f-;:

! )P� (0%6% \-1C5) YC�C]Z #2 c%!"=): J-RHiT ! l$tHC? e/01 -: utHC? e: o,-0%6 #k0: e/05*% �OB0%6 ()P� ! E! DEFG0%6 QRI,C0&: aly-h'E% ¤"CROP" ] uI6V"\-)B3+0%6 �C:-H.[" ! (*,6�*0%6 �OB:E \-I-5.5Z@6 ! (1VEF&%6 #*�-P5%6 e*:�5% \L*1X5%6E \-h)B0%6 ! �F]P%6 /)%6 T-.ZW uI6F0%6��-h.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


25

!"#$% & '() !"#$% '( �6 _ n)>�! 6b-: wF$?? _! rv1 u&A'6 DEFG0%. Ee/%a !-,-*d t#h? @ a"�*< " e4"6b-0% ." QRh%6 6X7 A'Z: �$; cB4 iF�, AhB.AB1C05%6 `4EFG: (^-*� A' #$P�1 @ -:E #$P�1 -:

! "#$%: &"#':

! !"#$%& '()*+ ,-" ./01& !)23 4562789 :5;<= "- >5? 9@ A5BC D55E A552E" F9D556G H55I2J!558$CK89 L55=K2+ ,M551" $55& N9D(*55O9 PJ+Q?0 !8$CK89 R8S !TUB8$" F$2;<& ./01289 LJ78.

! ,-"VWXTY+ "6Z9[6&H* #K&M" $\8 !I] ^"./0128$. ! - _7= `$&KIJ& ab(+ ,-cZ$289 $\?0J= ,. ! - d06eC `$&KIJ& LO0+ , LI& 06e+#$%89f. ! g0*b+ ,-),- cZ$289 hai LC HBj k0J= QZ-/ P88' H

!G$l ,- R8SWD%+HUbZ N. ! - ^ !6l<X]9 !m8 ND(*U+ ,F9Dl- :\+. ! - & _O$B= ./01289 LJ7+ , $5& n$5Ul RIj cZ$289 06=$J

- D%*J+Q" N$6%89 _7= QZ.

! " L55o+98$ p(551"89a55%6%q") nK55IX289 p(55189 r-(P s3 V&/):WG/ QS Hj/01& Q68)$\68S.(

! 5WXtF$%T55U& u 5= ^ a55C a+M& Hj/0551W055U*&55XT+0& /- F$jF$ !&vM".

! W6" V- L52J= w056x V5& k0J+ HZ a5? 9@$5&/ y$57289 9'5zLJb=.

! -289 0=0q+ a? V=0t{9 w0i./01. ! 9 0WU?`90o*(289/ vK&08. ! -|}55"Hj/0551& F90655oE D55=[= $55& Q255UG L55*q= ^ ~556q" P

RIj`$qb] 01J89S LE- ,K�= ,- L)�bY=/ P 9@-V�&. ! W6" V-L2J8$" :*\+ HZ :- 0\�y$JbZ^9 �J". ! 9 ND(*5O"89!552mB" 89q6q55o!: r- V55CSZ$55UZF$ ^-5562=�$CF$ P

/+ !o%89 .�S /DT+/ L)�1*F$6Z$UZ S ,/�0O9 k"y$JbZ^$.

!Ey6F*f a! ; r5<� E K-v1C; E pCq;(x-R>a gHE J=9EFh: �CBZ�; `4EFG: . =v5Z A%-5%6 QRh%6 A' ��$; o�-�+.%6B%(;-5/ aQ*0+5%-; c.$�? jFf!E ]V uI6"ST-UVW6 #*%=%6 " ¤; �B$50%6"(;-5/%6 %6(%-$P.["

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


26

!"#$%&'( )*+%,&' -. /0+$1

&()*+,-. /01234

&01234/562,7-.

! !5556j0b89 V=/$555BJ89/ V=/$555BJ89 N9D(*555O9P ,K555�+ ~5556q"

M555" V=/$555BJ89555)lK& k0ldDP/ + 555� ,K !5556j0b89 V=/$555BJ89"lM- k00t�.

! b] :WE#H+$q. ! W3/ } $\UW"�/ H*%63/c6qo89 _6+0*8$". ! !�=0j ai9Kl/ h$�6" `$l$U& ND(*O9. ! pB89 D1q+ ^QI%e+/ . ! ?/0l ND(*O9F$dh90%89 !I\O .

! -!�$UT" _*CP)B7+/ ^9 !mI89 _!6l<X]. ! F<2G ND(*O9E d06o. ! !m6] ND(*O9 - 9@S yK\7289 !m6] V& F D" NKIJ289 V5�&

)F<e&:" 0? NK%6O )#D5& �$t }= " n L5� 9#/D589 "P F D5" V&:" LC)#D& �$t }=0? LTE V& N$%*O `9#/D89n.("

! V55& }55)%q+ h$55Xt- �K55G/ ND55j !55=Dj9KE/ !556;$7z 9@S/ �- 0&�9 R�*E9H8'" N$6%89 0t� p(i V& _I�.

! 4G9#S $zDj-/ !x$6o890&�9 R�*E9 9@. ! �8$T+ ^. ! -#$%8 _*Cf p*(& 06x) r-aB%+ 06x.(

% -EHO? 8I/(P*+4 .<QR ST) U+ *V') *"PJV4WM/>"XY< M/"1

"#�01 @! rv1 M*); ay-;6"XI _C/1 _! `4EFG: J�B1 V-�h%6¡ E1 �".v56FH r l�?9. 1 -�0< r�v ! _ (�>^F%6 l�RP, A�' =�v1 % ('F$0 l?96FH "_! F$G1 _!E al%Cd VE=1 6b-:B]Z(F*k:E i l,!E 1FOP_! 2 _C/1=dj),-0%6 \-]v%6 ( FG0%4E`.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


27

*"+',-./ 4C, 8-.7- (^-*� A' ($;-50%6 e: _%60 \-4EFGB1C05%6(* .!y@Ea DC, 8-.7 FRP5R1 ($;-50%6 e:"s#+)1 -"04 "

iF5P% TF%6 \F�5,6E DEFG0; n:"=h? =H _C/? _! =$; . 8=4-R? ($;-5: ("0k' a`>Bx ov,E y-�C�): n.< 6b2 ay-*,-z e*; (046TE (1CH \-HL4 9-.; cB4o,-0%6 e*;E (0�.0%6 E! DEFG0%6.

("+',*-./ 012)

DEFG: Q1=h5; n0H =h% a_b2; AP1 #/o,-0%6 F*1-$:E A' rZ-.0%6 nHC%6 .#+)? =H(;-I2 cB4 $1FZ @ =HE a(`%b #+)1 .%6E nHC1F0an,!E nR%y6=<�5: `'CHE _-/: e: ..

3 /42%8 5E)Q@WZ/[(%85 \<QR(% <+]4 ^4/OH;% 5(X[4 F3 _ %85%/71

"<�?! e: ="_F�5,6E ao,-0%6 c%2 #�E =H `4EFG: . iT"=): (*.:K iF5' =$;) o,-0%6 #k0: #>H e: -":2 T"=)�? |X7Eu*;-Z! (5Z E! F]U gA&: =$>' y6=g<�5: e/? Q% 6b2 E! a(;-IW6 u"HC5? _! A�>.1 c5: `% YCh1 M*d( u;-5? _! `*B4 a

; J-*h%6 `,-/:�;E aDEFG%6`%X: ! ��6CI cB4 #+)? _! `./01 c5:E rB3%6 e4 l%�R?E o,-0%6 #gk00; #+"5? _! -":2 ! �6CI cB4 YC+)%6 `./01 c5:E arB3%6 uqE e4 Y�R?E y-*;-5< u;-5? _! -":2E.

_C/? _! rv1 DC.%6 6X7 e: \-$;-50%6E:

! �(P*3%E (;T}: -]5^-*� ! (*,6E=4 F*^E ($.h:.

F<X?!"_ o,-0%6 : �*% y-.1=; `% S�9AU. ("0z �*% e/%E aJ6F5d-; `B:-$1E y-,E-$5: o,-0%6 #k0: _C/1 _! #:�? =h'

`%X% (,-0q . iFk< w-�E! `*B4 ��B3�? M*); a`5$0Z c%2 i9-ZW-; `% o0R1 muqE A' �nR% aY-d S! cB4 ().0%6 8V->546E rtB35%6"y-hd ."-0%6 £-ZE! A' (4FR; FG5.? ($0R%6 |X7 #k0' (*B>h5R0%6 \->B3%6 #$v?E ae*),

(),-0%6 \-]v%6 �gF�? _! =1F? @ `,! -0< �y-d-v, #H!.

o,-0%6 u: `5HL4 (1-], c%2 nB�E `,! A.$1 @ 6X]' a(*B0$%6 (1-], A' (*>BZ (;-IW6 n,-< C% c5dE . -: iT-$'6 (%-d A' V-RP5Z@6 `hd e:E a(*>BR%6 (;-I�% (]*IE �->Z! 8-.7 _C/?F*RP? `% J"=h�1 Q% 6b2 r>R%6 e4 �'F% .

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


28

AB1 -0< �'F%6 �->Z! �$; _C/? =HE: ! �#1C05%6 Q1=h5% -7=05$1 A5%6 o,-0%6 F*1-$: `4EFG: �'6C1 Q% ! o,-0%6 \-1C%E! Y-v: A' DEFG0%6 �*%)(*4CqC0%6 E! (*'6F�v%6(� ! @6 (*B0$; J-H SX%6 o,-0%6 #k0: A' a-: r>R% aDEFG0%6 Fgz}1 Q%�A%E[6 V-*5f ! DEFG0%6 6X7 Q4=% y-*%-d (*'-/%6 Y6C:[6 o,-0%6 j=% �*%.

(:T-h%6 iF0%6 A' �3O%6 V6F/? Y-05d6 "�f a�'F%6 r>Z YCd `?-:CB$: \T6TK6 -0B< . �`?->I6C; J-*h%6 F"<X?

u*0v%6 nHC% ($*&: Q�L: F*^ DEFG: Y-ZV�'. ("+',*34-./ *

n$0Z!V->fy6 V-Z i �; =*P? `4EFG: "_"hd�y-d-v, � "_!E =*$Z o,-0%6l; .6C%6 e:E oq!,_-< l 96T[6 =�*I yL�04 .-.*,-]?!

F3 ^3 23 _ 15";(O%8 5)/`Y

L< .! uH6C%6",-] (16=>%6.

ajFf! ()I-, \-4EFG: J=h? _! u*35R? A/% ao,-0%6 u: (.*5: (HL4 9-.; cB4 #0$? _! `*B4 y6=4-+' _�6 e:F05R5%Ee*'F3%6 ()B+: l*' -0; l$: (HL$%6 .

o,-0%6 u: (.*5: (HL4 9-.>% `:�B? A5%6 VC:[6 �$; `*%2:

! |F1=�h? S=�>1 C�7 -�0,2 `4EF�G: Q�4T c�B4 l�5h'6C0; l�,! `�%b �A;-v1W6 |TV cB4 o,-0B% 8F/U e4 F">4

`B0$% .?=,-R:E l:6�5%6 Vg=h: `,! o,-0B% -]$: F]��? (h1F3; TF? _! `*B4l. ! E DEF��G0%6 {-*��Z A��' SF��v1 -��: Ff¨��; Q��B4 c��B4 o,-��0%6 ��;!/ F1V-��h? Y-��ZV2 A��.$1 6X��7E �(��0�.0%6 E!

(1VET iVC+;E J-�5,-; o,-0%6 Q]? =H \-:CB$:E . J-�*h%6 `�,-/:�; _C/*�Z ay6=�*I `�RP, \T=4! =H n.< 6b2 (%C]�R; l�; JC�h? -: iVC� J-:! o,-0%6 uqE (*B0$; .. yLk�:" : �? Q5,��' Q�B$, -�0< A�' (];-�G: y@-�04! _C04=

¤; (hB$50%6 -.5Z6V=; _C05]? =H Q/,! =h5$, -.,�' 6X%E ajFf! (*:-, YET"K=1W6 J-51! DEFG:." ! `53G,! c%2 e*),-0%6 �DT6–VC&)%6 e: 6C."/051 e% Q],�; =h5$? n.< _2E c5d . ! gr%\->B35: o,-0%6F1V-h5%6 Q1=h? M*d e: .:CB$0%6 F*'C? A.$1 6X]' ()*)+%6 \-)y-*%-:E y6TFZ ( #/G%-;

rZ-.0%6 nHC%6 A'E o*)+%6 . F1V-�h5%6 Q1=�h5% �1V6C�5%6 _gET o,-�0%6 u�: =�h$%6 `�$*HC? TFv0;E . A�' _gET e"*�$�0%6 n�HC%6 A�' i�7-�I _C/5% aF]G; =4C0%6 #>H �1V-5%6 `?F/P: . ��q �0v% \-�*%� u A�5%6 \-�:CB$0%6 u

(��;CB3: _C/5��Z .! n��,(��I-); 2 c��%-��, JE =��V��h?CQ1] V u��I6"ST-��UVW6 #*%=��%6 " ¤��; ��B$50%6" =��F%6h5%6ECQ1" .(©P5d6 ; ��-zC%-(;CB30%6.

! e<y6�7-I =h$% ABk0: u: \-4-05I6 o,-0%6 . (�*,6=*: \LdV Q*�.?E (B�Z! cB4 (;-I�% T6=$5Z6 cB4 e<E /#*�-P5%6 pFU E! ../:! -0k*d F&d! a` o,-0%6 ABk0:c%2_6=*0%6 ./05*% D-05I@6 e: 6C ; �-.%- e1X%6

Q7=4-R1 o,-0%6. ! \-HE[6 #< A' y-dC5P: Y-+?@6 �;!. ! l�:g=HE (�HL$%6 e: o,-0%6 lB:�1 -: ('F$: e: ="<�? . o,-�0%6 |=�1F1 -�: wF$5�Z a`�RP, \T=�4! n�.< 6b2 . =�H

Y�R?" :s`B04 A' `?=4-R0% #$P, _! e/01 6b-: ."}: A' (<V-G0%6 E! \-:CB$: _C/? =H YT->? E! \6F0?o,-0%6 (HL4 o>+? `%X;E �\6F>O%6 /(*h*hd (<6FU DEFG0%6.

!"#$%& '()* +,-.,"/ 01/2340,56 7089* :;- <=;'>?@A"2/B% CDEFG .

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


29

! "#$%#&&'()*+'! :,-# ./012- ()3 2y@-k: `*%(B4 : mDEFG=*I.Ff�6 e4 �B5O1 mDEFG: #< "_! F"<X? ae/%E .

!"#$%&' ()*+

45$6&'"7-81798:" (MERVES Foundation)

:"=hJe: : ,*-.)"-/*-012 345 "(ASOC)

C.$%6_6:

234 Amilcar Avenue 3456 Capital City DEVELOPING COUNTRY

�?-]%6: +78 23 789-6543 �<-P%6: +78 23 789-6542

W6 =1F>%6A,EF5/%: dc.org.asoc@connect Y-+?@-; �%C0%6 �OG%6 QZ6 :A,-]? (.*:!

/012&'! ;!<=3:

&67&*8 9-: ;-6<2 -=&45 +>"?@<A8:" v0%6 r1V=�5% DEF�G: �' (�*B)0%6 \-�$05A 1F�&)%6 �x-�.0%6 ( 1F�&)%6 l>�UE ( �1-4F% ! ( J-�51"W6 K=�1"_ET ��1FP?

FZ[6 E! (RZ�:6[Y-Px.

V6b�)�V-:( 2003

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


30

>?)-!'/012& Q*h?" -.%-Px! Q4T (%-<E"] "8CZ� "ASOC [y-4EFG: w=]1 2 c%2 Q4=�% (�*B)0%6 \-�$05v0%6 T6=4! J-�51" W6 K=�1"

*>%6 A'C\ E A$05v: {-*Z A' . X"P.�*Z=B; A' DEFG0%6? e*A' -076=d2 ae*5*IbC0,.: h3(1F&d a( A�' jFf[6E2=dj %6e*5.Z j=: cB4 Ad6C&.E %6 #0G*ZDEFG0:

! ST-0%6 Q4=%6) 5ZC5|@ 2iV6T" 8CZ� "ZE0%6 \-:C/d -]:=h5\-$x-h(� ! J-�51[ wF�5)0%6 Q4=�%6 e*:��? e: 6C./05*% aA$05v0%6 jC5R0%6 cB4 e*'F5)0%6 r1V=?" K=�1W6" e0�q a

Q]hx-.:. ! �*R.?!3G, (DEFG0%6u05v0%6 #f6T .

e*; -: DEFG0%6 6X7 #+1 _! uHC50%6 e:150 c%2 300: E wF5)10000 Q*51 "K=12."

g<F*Z �A%-5%6 cB4 y-*IbC0, F>5$1 SX%6 DEFG0%6:

! [6 e*/0? �*h)? e: Y-Px2(B:-/%6 Q]?-,-/:a1T-0%6 TV6C0%6 F*'C? YLf e: (Q4=%6E (*RP.%6E A4-�05I@6

� ! %6P)- ª `Z-0? cB4 \L�-$%6 -]&$;�$; u: A$05v: {-*Z A'� ! 2G: (:-HF \-4E*$05v:(R.?E 6 _-0&% #<-*]%6 �*@:6=5Z(� ! =�F%6 �*H=%6h5%6EC #*vR5%6E Q1 F*R*? (*�;-7V6F/?.

"_2"8CZ� " A3�5Z #<6 �*%-/5%6W1V6T( \-4F>? �1Fx e4 u�0v�? e:!9-&4 6[ \-*�UF; .E Q4=�%6 r�B3, e�),

(RZ}: e:" :�F '��"r1V=5%6 �*%-/? (*3�5% *R.5%6E�.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


31

'!"#@<AB& 4B+C'!

>?)-2&'!/01 1 "#@<AB&'! 4B+D 2

E5F'!1 :G#H5'! 3 1.1 . ,B0CD ,BE-F)"?@<A8 "B!-/*8 G8@CH*8 +>, 3 2.1 .,B0CD I&4 " ,*-.)3452 -/*-01) "J%KL( +> ,.M-"&*8 I&:*8 N!2 ;-6<"A8?@<" 3

E5F'!2 :I "#J&AK- L!MN"O<$P "012- E3Q R9 /I@A S#"!TUM@" 5 E5F'!3 :VW<A&'! 4H)&J'!X# 6

3.1 .;-4 O#4 6 3.29-PQ#RS&*8 7

E5F'!4 :Y!"#Z#A=A$ 8 E5F'!5 :4H[!\H&'! >?)- 9

)&'!FB"# : 1 TC7! U-V42 ,&E-W" ,*-.)3452 -/*-01") ASOC( 2 #<#X'"J%KL " ;-:* Y%/Z*82001 3 *8 U-V42 G%BZBE#*8 J[&–,\]RC! ,B'8^ #BK 4 ,C]\0! ,B_8`B! 5 9-:1-X&*8 9-!%ab c! 345 ,*-KM 6 NP8#&*8

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


32

! "#$%1 : &'(#%!

1.1 )(*+, : )-(.'/0"1234! ")(5'6%! 7!2+8%! 9: 9-;E V-G5,6 =4-+? (*q-0%6 y-:-4 e1FG$%6 j=: cB4"K=1W6 "�*k< C), cB4 -,TL; A' . F1Fh5% y-h'EE" (0�.:

+%6(*0%-$%6 ()) "2001 ( y-*%-d =IC16 (zLz #< e: =d6E �-+: ("0z E! a=B>%6 A' _CG*$1 �-+: e*1L:e*.x6C: . o>�! a(*q-0%6 FG$%6 \6C.R%6 j=: cB4E"K=1W6 " \6C.R%6 YLfE a=B>%6 A' AR*�F%6 \-*'C%6 r>Z

¤; (HL4 \6b i-'E (%-d _C*B: C), 8-.7 _-< (*q-0%6 �Lk%6"=1W6K"] "(*0%-$%6 ()+%6 (0�.:"a 2001 .[ F1Fh? Vg=h1E"(*0%-$%6 ()+%6 (0�.: " 8-.7 "_!250,000=B>%6 A' 9-;C%6 96FI #H[6 cB4 Q*51 . e:E ae/%E

i=1=v%6 \-;-�W6 (>R, cB4 a(*q-0%6 �Lk%6 \6C.R%6 YLf !Fx a�-PO,6 ("0z a(B�-P5: F�, (]IE� e*d A' _-<, A' T-1TK6 8-.7 (;-�W6 (>R 4 YLf J-1998 C).;10 % y-1C.Z £-ZE! A'e1=U6F%6 c%2 N>]5% a5 % A'

J-42001 ]()+B% (*.xC%6 iV6TW6 F1Fh?a 2001[ . E�$1E ()+%6 96F>f Q�$:@6 6X7 Y=$: A' �-PO,W6 \-;-�2 (B0)%6 c% (1C4C5%6(*P*hk5%6 5%6 (1Ch%6A -]?FU-;@-<C%6E (*:C/)%6 F*^ \-0�.0%6=B>%6 A' (*:C/)%6 \

(*q-0%6 �0O%6 \6C.R%6 j=: cB4 .W-;E ('-q2`%b c%a '�"_t'C? \6T-&: F aA�-;C%6 �EF*P%6_�6a A' #< (*:C/)%6 \-P�C5R0%6! A' iFG5.0%69-), TL>%6a A.$1 !"_"=$: e4 (0I-.%6 \-*'C%6 Y"W6K=1" _! #�05)�1 1 �PO.

YLf (B>h0%6 (B*Bh%6 \6C.R%6.

l,! @2 e: F*>< T=4 #$P%-; -.1=%!J-51" W6K=1"=B>%6 6X7 A' .=h%E !F]� \)>%6C � n1FI! A5%6 (*:-, _6=B; A'! jFf!", �%-$? @ -:=.4 l%6 |X7p-v.; (B/G0ajFf! iF: D-P?V@-; jE=$%-; (;-�W6 (>R, !=>? a #+1 -:=.4

9@}7 [6J-51 c%2 geZ~CB>%6 .E[61 e1X%6 Y-PxG.�_E e: e*:EF): Q4T E! e1=%6C%6 (1-0d Q7 (*B)0%6 \-$05v0%6[6tF$? Fk<y-q�F0%6 6X]; (;-��% e1X%6 9@}]; (,V-h: a"5051|X]; _C$ (1-0)%6] �:-,F; F1Fh? i=)50%6 Q:[6

aA�-0,W62000[.

!"-,=B;("0z ay6=I #*BH T=4 \-:=O%6 E! #�-ZC%6 e: 6% c%2 (*:6F (v%-$:! (%�R:J-51 "W6K=1" .'TV6C0%- %6 iTCIC0 #/U cB4 A7\-RZ}:%6 Fg'C? Y-Px[6 e: y6=I #*BH T=$% (1-4F."e/%E \-Z6V=%6 ) -7V=�! A5%6 `B5<" �:-,F;

[6 i=)50%6 Q:A�-0,W6 "VC<X0%6i !|L4(g<}? cB4 =!"_ [6G.1 e1X%6 Y-Px� A' _E \-RZ}:! Q7 (qF4 Fk<�% e: (;-�!%EQ7-4F1 e1X%6 `� u05v0%6 .'1-4F%-((*RZ}0%6 e/01 ! _?gT} S2t/P? c%[6 ` A5%6 (;-G%6 FZ n>*�!

; �;-R%6 A' _6=h' r>R; V-:=%-! E! e1=%6C%6 =dy-$: -0]*B<. "_! -0<"$P%6E (>$+%6 (*5RICB%6 (%--e: (PB/5%6 M*d6 c%2 (>R.%-;-4F%6 \-RZ}0%�(*-y->%-^ A.$? -: [6 #+'[6E iCfY-PxM*); a_E=hP1 Y-+?6 Ff�; Q]% Q4=%6 J-�.

AB�-$%6. E�>z =H n!"_y6=I (P B/�: (1-4F %6 \-RZ}: n."*; 6b2 � \-Z6VT! n1FI A'(*:-, _6=B;! jFf)"[6 �:-,F; i=)50%6 Q:

A�-0,W62000( "_!Q4=%6 Q1=h? (PB< [1 u05v0%6 #f6T K=1@6 J-51B]5R ` C),e: MBk%6(1-4F%6 �*%-/? (*RZ}0%6 a Q4=%6 6X7 XO"51 _! e/01 M*d–Y-k0%6 #*>Z cB4-#/U o.: Q1=h? %«FZ - -]Z!F1 A5%6!�T6F'h76F: _C- �<6F:E

-4V�"* ( (�-f'A ! e<-:-<\6T-*$%6E �V6=0%a Q4=%6E l*IC5%6 Ah�B? \L�-$%6 |X7 u*35R? M*d E!T6=Iy6 9@=;.

2.1 .)(*+, ;<=" )%'>0"=?@ '6%'*A) "BCDE( 9: )>F'G<%! ;<H%! I5@ J'K3"4!123" ! J-4 A' (%-<C%6 n�G,1995 S=1 cB4 #0G? A5%6 (*.1=%6 \-0�.0%6 e: (4C0v: #<(*R*�F%6 _-1T[6E ��6C3%6 aEv: Q&1 �B-.:! -]� iKV-; \-*+OU e**%-)%6W6 e*5P�-3%6 A'(*)*R0%6E (*:LZ )VuI6 " (0�-H! �Bv0%6 9-&4

%6 A'�)B0 1.( -,�"<V =HE[ Q4=%6 Q1=h? cB4 (*q-0%6 nR%6 \6C.R%6 YLfJ-51" W6K=1" -.P�6Cx _-*< YLf e: (*.1=%6 .EnB0U |X7AB1 -: :

! W (:=f VET T-v1%g.>59@}7 A[6 J-51a M*d ! n.g:!% e<-:C). 12500*51 y-� ! DEFG:6% A' Q4=%6E (*;F5(0�-h%6 \-RZ}0%6�

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


33

! 4EFG:y-1C;F? y- e*ZV=0B% #< A'!-]]I6C1 A5%6 \-1=)5%6 u: #:-$5%6 cB4 Q]?=4-R0% =B>%6 9-), ! J-51"W6K=1"wCP+%6E �V6=0%6 A' .

#*�-P? #0$%6 6X7 -7TVE!"SC.R%6 F1Fh5%6" J-$% 2002) VuI6%6 �)B0 2.(

_�6 c5da e/:! \-4F>? e: #0$%6 #1C0?[6\-*UF;� 2 @!-., =h5$,!"_ F'-&?%6 TC]v%6"<F0�i ! Fk< e: SVEFq

\-1=)5%6 u: #:-$5B% \-$05v0%6 (�*]5% .6X%E -.,�' a pF5h,6 �].0%6 u*ZC?0*B$5%aA =h5$, SX%6! Q7-R*Z l,!y-&1 A' N*G.? [63G,((%-R0%6 |X7 (v%-$0% (*$05v0%6 .%E X*P.5 DEFG0%6 6X7 #k:Z.I-); _C/ (2TV6C: c% ! @ Fk<

[6 u*35R?-].*:�? \-*UF;a[ _ -7Fk<!F*h' .25%6 iK-500%6 Y-04[-; QB4 cB4 -., A! e: J=h0%6 Q4=%6 #&P; \�v, (RZ}:" :�F '��"A' -.% iVE-v0%6 _6=B>%6 . aQ]B5R, _! e: -"./0? =HE l; n:-H SX%6 #0$%6 a�C+O%6 lIE cB4

" Q4T (*$0I!K=1@6 J-51"A' VE-v0%6 A:-.%6 =B>%6) 1 .(E0; -!"_; F/P, SX%6 DEFG0%6 1 |X*P.5G l>2¢=d c% =*$; DEFG:"(*$0I 8CZ� %[6 DEFG: Q4=J-51"' a�p6F5H@6 6X7 Q/% #ZF, -.,a cB4 ! #:!_ Q4T cB4 e1VT-H 6C,C/?

-.B04.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


34

E5F'!2 :I "#J&AK- L!MN"O<$P "012- E3Q R9 /I@A S#"T!UM@" �*OB? e/01(1¦V" 8CZ�"(B:-G%6 B1 -0< A:

#0$?" 8CZ�" u05v: �Bf cB4 #�P�5)�1 l*' #�Px #/; lP��C; aBf ¬6 e�: y-�h =�1F' y6 (�0*HE c�B4 JC�h?E al�.: v�G?* u; 9-'C%6 l,C0/#:-/%6.

2�1Fx e4 `%b #$P, -., :

! E \-$05v0%6 86FU2;[6F\-*U[6 Q4T A' �J-51 ! ; J-*h%6 \L0)*4C?( A' !e*'F5)0%6 £-ZE w=]; Q7T6=42%6 (]I6C0i=1=v%6 \-1=)5%� ! 2 �Z! 9-ZVtIC? \-]*g,=5:%6 (iFZ«% (h1=�E (PB/Q]51-4VE J-51«% y-04T a.

"_2 (*B)0%6 \-$05v0%6 e: w=]%6 c%2 A:6F%6 Q4T" DEFG:! J-51W6K=1"A%-5%6 C).%6 cB4 l,-*; e/01 :

(:T-h%6 �0O%6 \6C.R%6 _C&^ A'a"51 #Px #< *$*Z l0"W6K=1"6X7 A' A' =B>%6 AB�-4 V-x2 u05v0%6 l04=1a

u5051E YC>h: jC5R0;6y-*4-05I(1T-0%6E (*RP.%6 (1-.$%6E . E iVC+;!y6=1=)? Fk<' a�"_C7 DEFG0%6 6X7 e: �F�%6 :

e*5.Z _C&^ A'a*Z e/00%6 e: _C/% (1-.$%6E Q4=%6 e*:�?! u*0v J-51"K=1W6" a A)%6 A' _CG*$1 e1X%6"!") A'%6*d-&( ( A)%6E"�") (h3.:F&d(1(a (�B�-$%6 i=�dE cB4 ª-P)%6 cB4 =1=G5%6 u: a (�1-.4 TC�IE c�B4 =�*<�5%6E

J-51[6 u*0v% (*'-< (1T-:E (*RP,E (*4-05I6.

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


35

E5F'!3 :VW<A&'! 4H)&J'!X#

1.3 J'= LM= "5? (*.%6 lv2 .: J6=O5Z6 c%h3 A5"! "E"� ") M*d -:[6 T=4 Y6�1J-51P?V6 Fk<[6 ay-4-y-h'E F1Fh5%" ()+%6 (0�.:

(*0%-$%6" V-G0%6 2 l*%!|L4 ( 9=>%i=�6F%6 -.5;Fv?. e:E %60"=hV !"_("0z 5000' _CG*$1 Q*51 A($x-h: #< . =�0$�*ZE c%2 =�V #tf=5%6h?EC01 (1-.$; lB*vR?E l)E =h% n�1 FI�! \-�Z6VT! (*�Z-Z ( jF�f! �x-�.: A�' |V6F�/? #�$v%! �: y6F

y-./0:. E% ' p-v.%6 �*h)5AG0%6 F =h' a(*IbC0.%6 \-4E\-$x-h0%6 \-:C/d u: (<6FU A' -.BfT a =�h? c�B4 nh'6E A5%6 Q1

6 (*3�5% o.: \-I-*5d J-51[6 �0f i=0% (1T-0%6 \6C.Z . F1=5ZE/: o.0%6- r?"8CZ� " TCIC0%6 (1�<F0%6 #< A'(h3.: . [6 J�=O5R�5ZEY6C: -]$0v? A5%6 "8CZ� "[6 e:&4[6E 9-*3�5% \-*UF;W6 �*%-/5%6 (V6T1( . _C/5Z -0<

r?-/0%6 |X7!" $x-h0%6 \- [6 _-�/: =�1=)? e4 (%E}R: J-�51aE �Z (�0�L: iVC�+; o.�0%6 u�1KC? #P/5 M�*d � �5�Z "=h J "+P: F1V-h?(B 2\-$x-h0%6 \-:C/d c% . 6X7 �*h)5%E w=�]%6 J=O5�R5Z" 8C�Z� " C�), F�G4i e*B:-�4 "V=�: A�' e*;

$05v0%6(h3.: #< A' (*B)0%6 \- . c"3��5ZE9@}7 �*%-/? F>4 {E=.�"8CZ� "W6V6TS.

`%b u:E-.,�' a =h5$, !DEFG0%6 6X7 ov.1 A/% l,a.Z �-5)2c% "ZC: r1V=?\-$05v0%6 A' ua tf=�? #/�U c�B4 \L"k/: u: (P: e*'F5)(*%-5%6 e1T-*0%6 e::

! �:g;F�e* ! =%6 \-$05v0%6 e: (*.1T \6T-*H (*.1)%6E (*?C.]/%6*,-0B$((� ! f65-+��e**)� e** ! e*B:-46�e**4-05I ! A' jFf! \-�' e: e**:C/d e*%E}R:%6(h3.0.

c$R, #0$%6 6X]%E2%6 #*, c (RZ}: e: Q4=%" :�F '��"a[ -., 8V=, !g<F? Q/,r1V=5%6E Q*B$5%6 cB4 _E�.

_C/*ZEr1V=5%6a0G*Z SX%6 # A%-v: #0$%6 $%6E SF�.%6AB0 y6T"=): a(4C0v: #/% l,! @2 ag3�*ZJ-4 lIC; A -:

AB1:

! =1=)?! J-51"W6K=1"u05v0%6 A' � ! 9-;E"K=1W6 :";->Z!lV-z�E |� ! \-I-*5d6 F3OB% e*q"F$0%6 Y-Px[61-4VE�Q]5 ! (*)+%6E (*4-05I@6E (*RP.%6 iVCG0%6�F3OB% e*q"F$0%6 Y-Px«% o�-+.%6E ! Q4=%6 Q1=h?2[6 c%h76F: -]Z!F1 A5%6 FZC�_ ! 2E \-4EFG0%6 (^-*�V6T�-]?

5Z5�"% #< � e: (4C0v:t#h1 @ T=4 e4 15E y-<V-G: cB4 =1�1 @30 y-+OU. E 8-.7 _C/5Z #< A' \-4C0v:

($x-h: . "#$%E t�C5%6 A7 `%b �Bf (*.%6 #2 TCIE c%150-300: 'F5) y-e*5$x-h0%6 F>4 .[ y6F�,E 86F�U2 (*07IF%6 cB4 9-R.%6E Y- ¢=dA' 96CZ #0$%6 6X7a ' cB4 #0$.R! 8-.7 _C/1 _50�.I #< e: e*<V-G0%6 e: ®.

A' r1V=5%6 SFv*Z! \6VET u;V {F�5R1 e*:-�4 j=�: cB4 (.R%6 A' J-1! (zLz -].: #< _C�/*' a DC�0v0%6 `%X�;

24 #/% r1V=5%6 e: y-:C1 (4C0v: (�$x-h: #�< A�' .E n�h'6E =�H" (�RZ}0%6 C%6 (�*.h5%6 (�*.x") NTI ( T-�0546 c�B4 iT-]G%6 jC5R: cB4 r1V=5%6. A.$1 6X7E! r1V=�5%6 Q1=�h? A�' iTC�v%6 (�>H6F:E T6C0%6 cB4 �'6C5Z -],. -�:! iT-]�U

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


36

#*7�5%6 A' J"Ch5R' e*5.�R%6 iF�5' (1-], a YL�f e�: `�%bE �HC (<V-�G0%6 Q1 A�' �G0%6F e�: X"P.�*�Z SX�%6 F�:[6 a\-4E YLfAP�C:" 8CZ� "Ee: iTCv%6 (>H6F:iVC<X0%6 (RZ}0%6 #>H .

('-q22 %b c%h*R.? \6VET =h4 J�5$, a*(*B+' (a A�' iT=�)0%6 \-��P%6 #�< e�: _C�Bk0: -�]*' 8V-�G1 #�< (�$x-h:

%*%T->56C %6\6F>O [6 �*R.? #>ZE(3G,.

-.",2 jF, c�%2 6X�7 l�,! {F�5�R? (�*B04 iF�5' e*:-�4a u�: l�,! =�h5$, -�]51-], _C/5�Z0%6 (�*B)0%6 \-�$05v c�B4 iVT-�H -7TC]I (B�6C: FU->0%6 -.5<V-G: _ET i #< A'(*>1V=5%6 \Lf=5%6a Ew=]5Z 2 (Bh5�R: (�*$05v: �x-.: T-v12 c%

E(,E-$5:_� A' . "_! =*;"8CZ� "\6C.Z �Lz i=0% (1T-0%6 o.0%6 iV6T2 #�6C5Z [6 cB4 (*'-q2#Ha -.H-P?6 rR); �x-.0%6 \-:C/d u:.

JCh*Z B:-4 r1V=5%-; CF]: _iE EEbF>f iAB)0%6 u05v0%6 A'a 6y6T-.5Z ��x T6C�: c�%2 gCV \ #�>H e�: DEF�G0%6 6X�]%

Y-�v0%6 6X�7 A�' 96F�>O%6 .E C�7 `�%b e�: =�+h%66 T-�054 YET e�: T6C�:! jF�fa {-�3, c�B4 -]�qF4E F�>4 u�Z6E"W6n,F5," .% -.,2-; rdF. (RZ}: \-d6F5H" :�F '��"aA' -: �B$516 #$v;e1Ff¯% iF'C5: T6C0%.

2.3 .%!N'OPMQR< "_2%6 \-I�FO�0"3O0%63 (A%-5%6 C).%6 cB4 A7 e*5.R%6 iF5P%:

! \6VET �0f1"C/5°#< _\6=dE A,-0z e: -].: # ! e*<F5G0B% (%T!E F?-'T A'�i=dE #< ! T=4 c%2 cHF1 A%-0I2 \6=dE801 i=dE -].: #< {F�5R3 ! J-1) _C$;V!Ad #< A' �0zE aA,- e�: #�/%

�0O%6 \-4C0v0%6(� ! e*; -:150E 300 �1Ff _CB0)1��:-,F>%6 \6T-]U ! G: (R0fF \-4E[6 cB4*%-$P; #0$? #H (��x-.0%6 #< A' ! =4-h< e*5h3.0%6 e: #< A' (Bh5R: �*R.? _-v%iL% (:6=5Z� ! AB*+P? F1Fh? e4 \6F>f|V6F/5% y-Z-Z! |V-z�E (0I-.%6 DEFG0%6 .

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


37

!"#$%4 :&% '()(*+*, -;f5+V- :

! (RZ}: e: Q4=%6 rB3," :�F '��" J-51! DEFG: Q4T A' -.?-$05v: F�-.4 r1V=5% "W6K=1." ! w=�]1 y6=��1=)? DEF�G0%6 6X��7 Q*�51 #��/% _C�/1 _! _-0��q c�%2 ¤�; �-��+:"K=��1W6 " (��*,-/:W6 =�B>%6 6X��7 A�'

@6(;CB30%6 (1T-0%6E (*RP.%6E (*4-05I. ! -.,2 =�h5$,!"_ {-*�R%6 �gB� A�' #�0$, SX�%6 �: iVEF�q DEF�G0%6 6X�7 #�$v1 l �")By(E a -�.5*,!, _ X�gP. DEF�G0%6

e*5$x-h: A' A>1Fv5%6 e*IbC0, a7V6F/5%0\@-<E r,-I e: - !jFf. ! "_2 %6 (*0.? cB4 �*<F5%6G0%6E �x-.0F \-4E u�05v0%6 jC5�R: c�B4 DEF�G0%6 (:6=5Z6 oIF1 (*$05v0%6

AB)0%6. ! Q�4T c��B4 -.B�+d =�h%! :C�/d e�: A��Z-Z5Ae*5$x-��h0%6 a �0]$: (<6F�U A��' -�.BfTE -E *��Zg:}. _- Q4=��%6 -�.%

[ ST-0%6 J-51"W6K=1"(h3.0%6 A' �V-f a 1-4F%6 JC]P: ((*RZ}0%6. ! 2 =h5$, -.,!E -.O1V-? _ -.?V6T2 (*%-0%6 -.?V6=IE)VuI6%6 �)B02 e4 (OR, a Ff�SC.Z F1Fh?-".4 VT-� a

% e: �th)5B`%b (-.B7}? X*P.5% -]B< DEFG0%6 6X7 .2"_ Z e1X�%6 AR*�F%6 �<F0%6 e: -.*P�C: _C<V-�G* A�'Eb DEFG0%6 EV-]: iF>fE (*%-4 i) uI6VF*Z%6 Q7 (*?6X (h'F0%6%6 A'�)B0 3.(

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


38

!"#$%5 : -./$% 01234%53 *,6�*: ((B:-<a ; a(*B*+P5%6 -7TC.>�:�V=%6 A' (I �)B04 .V-+5f-;rB3, e), a (�RZ}: e:" � :�F '��" ��B>: F*'C�?

70000 V@ET !:*F A<%c%E[6 (.RBaE 100000 % V@ET(*,-k%6 (.RB .E Ag3�*ZX7AB1 -: _-�B>0%6 _6:

!"#$%1 !"#$%2 �-5,W6E (*0.5B% T6C: 20000$ 15000$

#04 §VEh*R.?(* 30000$ 45000$ (*>1V=? \6VET) \-*5RIC%( 30000$ 45000$

e*P�C0B% (*'-q2 �*%-/? 5000$ 20000$

A�.$1 6X7E!"_ e*�; pE6F�51 N�ZC50%6 1133E 567 $ wF�5)0B%a ��B>:E 17$ Q*�51 #�/% r>�R;"W6 K=�1" l�% n%X��;i=4-R0%6 . =1�5ZE P5�Z@6 (>�R,- iT2 C)B: iVC�+; �*%-�/5%6 c�% �� (26b! n�>z DEF�G0%6! |V6F�/? e�/01 l�, -�: C�7E a

l�$"HC5, . �h% -�.>Bx =a ! y-�&1a �RZ}: e�: #�1C05%6 A5" 5�Z ;C].*�# "(Steinhobel Foundation)E " �,EF><-�; >�F �F "(Backbrunberger Foundation) iVC��G0%6E e*P�C��0%6 r1V=��? �*%-��/? (��*3�5% ��G0%6 Q��4T (��PB<EF \-4E

(��*$05v0%6 . #"0)55��ZE"8C��Z� " "#��<"50%6 �*%-��/5%6W-��; (B��+V6T itF>? e��:-��&4[6 \-��49 [6E\-*��UF;� -��0< n��h'6E:C/d5- e*5$x-h0%6 *B)0%6e*54 iFU->0%6 (1T-0%6 o.0%6 (*3�? cB �)B0%6 A' _E=v?E �5 #< e4 iVT-+%6 (%-ZF%6

e*5$x-h0%6 A5:C/d e:. 2E 6b ! Q?=�IE"_ ��B>0%6 6X�7 ! �"0: F�k< /.�/01 -Q al�*' (07-�R0%6 F��.%6 Q/.�: r�B3, -�.,�' A�' #1C0?2$x-h0%6 j=d e*5;(;CB30%6 (*%-0IW6 (PB/5%6 �+..

,yL>h5R: Q/$: #0$%-; Ag.05%6 u: Q<TV TEVE F�5...

&'() 20 *%+)) ,*-.( 2003

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


39

Q%!<&'! Proposals that Make a Difference: How to write effective grant proposals, Oxford Leaning Space,

[email protected]

! "#$%&'()*+, -.#/012$ -.


40

"#B)]C&'! "!"#$ "(CROP) C =(Context) {-*R%6

R =(Relevance) (B� (H-zE) `),-:E `H-*Z( O =(Objectives) w6=7[6 P =(Process) (*B0$%6

%&#'()*+& yLk: ��"h)0%6 Jt=h5%6 Q1Ch? -]�6K�; e/01 Q%-$: E! \-:L4 e4 iV->4" :75 %e: (h3.0%6 A' FZ[6 \-";V 9-R.%6 "=v;! " "e]RP,! J-$x2 cB4 \6VT-H

l?T"=d SX%6 jC5R0%6 cB4 "e]?L�-4E"(*0%-$%6 ()+%6 (0�.: " |V->54-;y-*)� jC5R:."

!"#$%& '()*& +,$-.(Logframe Analysis, LFA) DEFG: N*3O5% J�=O5R�1 T"=): �-f �bC0, e4 iV->4

,-#./*+&% (ZC0B0%6 VC:[6 A7)\-v5.0%6 a(3G,[6 ( cB4 Y-k: �(3G,[6 e: c"?�5? A5%6

`%b" :\-v5.0%6 "�%2 aF1V-h5%6 a\6VCG.0%6 a(*>1V=5%6 #0$%6 §VE #0G?...

012&#34+& Q*0+5% DEFG0%6 6X7 e: l0tB$? jFI -: J6=O5Z6 _C0< E! Y-05d6 A.$?f� _-/: A' y6=I l% l;-G: Ff� DEFG:F.

/0&1234& _! e/01 M*); aDEFG0%6 e4 Qv.1 SX%6 #05)0%6 e:-/%6 Fz[6 -.7 A.$?

DEFG0%6 e: 9-]5,@6 =$; Q1=5R1.

كيف تكتب مشروعاً تمويلياً

Documents

Transcript of كيف تكتب مشروعاً تمويلياً