1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4

1.1 1 N (a1b1)(a2b2)(anbn)aibi(i=12n)

N(aibi) 1in

234 P3

1.2 (Data):(Data Element): (Data Object)(Data Structure)

Data-Structure=(DS)DSD Complex=(CR)CC1C2R={P}P{C1C2}

:

1 FORTRAN 2C3{-3-2-10123}{ABCDEF}

1.3 P11

1.4 1 2 3

4 5 1.4.2 :(1) (Correctness ) (2)(Readability) (3)(Robustness)

(4) 1.4.3 cn0nn0f(n) cg(n) f(n)=O(g(n))

n T(n)=O(f(n))for(I=1I

1n: nnn=n3T(n)=O(n3) {++x;s=0;}x(1)s=0(1)for(I=1;I

for(I=1;I

1+2+3++n-2=(1+n-2) (n-2)/2 =(n-1)(n-2)/2 =n2-3n+2 O(n2) . O(1)O(n2)

O(1)

Void bubble-sort(int a[]int n) for(I=n-1;change=TURE;I>1 && change;--I) { change=false; for(j=0;ja[j+1]) { a[j] a[j+1]; change=TURE} } 0

1+2+3++n-1 =n(n-1)/2 :O(n2)

1.4.4:: S(n)=O(f(n)) n()

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4

2.1 (Linear List) n(n)()a1a2 annn=0(n>0) (a1a2an) ai(1in)126 ABCZ219781983 617285092188

3

4 234JQKA a1a2ana n-1ai(2in-1)a i-1a i+1 P19

2.12-1 LALBABA=AB void union(List &LaList Lb) { La-len=listlength(La); Lb-len=listlength(Lb); for(I=1;I

2.22-2 LALBLALBLCLC

void mergelist(list lalist lblist &lc) initlist(lc); I=j=1;k=0; la-len=listlength(la); lb-len=listlength(lb); while((I

getelem(laIai);getelem(lbjbj); if(ai

2.2 2.2.1 lI+1LOC( a i+1)iLOC(a I ) LOC(a i+1)=LOC(a i)+l iai LOC(ai)=LOC(a1)+(I-1)*l

C # define ListSize 100 typedef int DataType; typedef struc{ DataType data[ListSize]; int length; } Sqlist;

2.2.2 i C0LSqlistil.data[I-1] 1 I(1in+1x

n (a1a i-1aian) n+1 (a1a i-1xaian) 2.3Void InsertList(Sqlist*LDataType xint I) { int j; if(Il.length+1) printf(Position error); return ERROR

if(l.length>=ListSize) printf(overflow); exit(overflow); for(j=l.length-1;j>=I-1;j--) l.data[j+1]=l.data[j]; l.data[I-1]=x; l.length++;}

O1=1n

On niEis(n)in-I+1 Eis(n)= pi(n-I+1) (1in+1) p1=p2=p3==p n+1=1/(n+1) Eis(n)= (n-I+1)/(n+1)=n/2

nEis(n)nO(n)

2 i(1in)n (a1a i-1aia i+1an) n-1 (a1a i-1a i+1an)

Void deleteList(Sqlist*Lint I) { int j; if(Il.length) printf(Position error); return ERROR for(j=i;j

ni I=n I=1n-1O(1)O(n) nEde(n)in-i Ede(n)= pi(n-I)pii

p1=p2=p3==pn=1/n Ede(n)= (n-I)/n=(n-1)/2 O(n)

2.3

.(Linked List)2.3.1 (pointer)(link)

datanextnSingle Linked) nexthead null^) 1:(batcateatfathatjatlatmat)

datalink

110 130 135 160 head 165 170 200 205

hat200.cat135eat170.matNullbat130fat110jat205lat160

165

headbat cat eat mat ^ headheadCTypedef char datatype;

Typedef struct node{ datatype data; struct node *next;}listnode;

typedef listnode *linklist; listnode *p; linklist head;P p=(listnode*)malloc(sizeof(listnode));malloclistnodepp free(p)

P*P

\n 1

linklist createlistf(void) { char ch; linklist head; listnode *p; head=null; ch=getchar( ); while (ch!=\n{ p=(listnode*)malloc(sizeof(listnode)); p>data=ch; p>next=head;

head=p; ch=getchar( ); } return (head); }

listlink createlist(int n) { int data; linklist head; listnode *p head=null; for(i=n;i>0;--i){ p=(listnode*)malloc(sizeof(listnode)); scanf((%d&p>data); p>next=head; head=p; }

return(head); }2 r

linklist creater( ) { char ch; linklist head; listnode *p*r; //( *head;) head=NULL;r=NULL; while((ch=getchar( )!=\n){ p=(listnode *)malloc(sizeof(listnode)); p>data=ch; if(head=NULL) head=p; else

r>next=p; r=p; } if (r!=NULL) r>next=NULL; return(head); }

ififheadr*rhead*r a

b linklist createlistr1( ){ char ch; linklist head=(linklist)malloc(sizeof(listnode)); listnode *p*r

r=head; while((ch=getchar( ))!=\n{ p=(listnode*)malloc(sizeof(listnode)); p>data=ch; p>next=p; r=p; } r>next=NULL; return(head); }

p=(listnode*)malloc(sizeof(listnode)) if(p==NULL) error(No space for node can be obtained); return ERROR; O(n)

1 iinexti ni1ini0

Listnode * getnode(linklist head int i) { int j; listnode * p; p=head;j=0; while(p>next && jnext; j++; } if (i==j) return p;

else return NULL; }

2 keykeyNULLkey

Listnode * locatenode(linklist headint key) { listnode * p=head>next; while( p && p>data!=key) p=p>next; return p; } keyO(n)

xiai-1aiai-1px*p*paiai-1xai

void insertnode(linklist headdatetype xint i) { listnode * p*q; p=getnode(headi-1); if(p==NULL) error(position error); q=(listnode *)malloc(sizeof(listnode)); q>data=x; q>next=pnext; p>next=q; }

n1in+1i=1getnode i=n+1getnodeani-1getnodegetnodeO(n)

iaia a i-1next

a i-1pp>nextaiaiai

void deletelist(linklist head int i) { listnode * p *r; p=getnode(headi-1); if(p= =NULL || p>next= =NULL) return ERROR; r=p>next; p>next=r>next; free( r ) ; }

ni1ini=n+1*p*pp!=NULL*p p>next!=NULL O(n)

2.3.2 NULL

a1 an .head a1O(1)anO(n)

.reara1an(rear>next) >nextrearO(1) NULLpp>next

(a1a2a3an)(b1b2b3bn) linklist connect(linklist headalinklist headb) { linklist p=heada>next; heada>next=(headbnext)>next free(headb>next); headb>next=p; return(headb); }

2.3.3 (Double linked list):prior typedef struct dlistnode{ datatype data; struc dlistnode *prior*next; }dlistnode; typedef dlistnode * dlinklist; dlinklist head;

p (p>prior)>next=p=(p>next)>prior *p*(p>prior) *(p>next)

void dinsertbefor(dlistnode *pdatatype x) { dlistnode *q=malloc(sizeof(dlistnode)); q>data=x; q>prior=p>prior; q>next=p; p>prior>next=q; p>prior=q; }

void ddeletenode(dlistnode *p) { p>prior>next=p>next; p>next>prior=p>prior; free(p); } O(1)

3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.5

3.1.1 3.1.1 (Stack)(Top)(Bottom) S=(a1a2a3an)a1ana1a2a3anLIFO

3.1.2 top

P44

a n a n-1

a2 a1

top7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -1

toptop # define StackSize 100 typedef char datatype; typedef struct { datatype data[stacksize]; int top; }seqstack;

SSeqStacks>data[0]s>tops>top1s>top 1s>toptop =stacksize-1;

3 int stackfull(seqstack *s) { return(s>top==stacksize-1); } 4 void push(seqstack *sdatatype x) { if (stackfull(s)) error(stack overflow); s>data[++s>top]=x; }

1 void initstack(seqstack *s) { s>top=-1; }2 int stackempty(seqstack *s) { return(s>top==-1); }

5 datatype pop(seqstack *s) { if(stackempty(s)) error(stack underflow); x=s>data[top]; s>top--; return(x) //return(s>data[s>top--]); }

6 Datatype stacktop(seqstack *s) { if(stackempty(s) error(stack is enpty); return s>data[s>top]; }

3.1.3 . typedef struct stacknode{ datatype data struct stacknode *next }stacknode;

Void initstack(seqstack *p) { p>top=null; } int stackempty(linkstack *p) { return p>top==null; }

Void push(linkstack *p,datatype x) { stacknode *q q=(stacknode*)malloc(sizeof(stacknode)); q>data=x; q>next=p>top; p>top=p; }

Datatype pop(linkstack *p){ datatype x; stacknode *q=p>top; if(stackempty(p) error(stack underflow.); x=q>data; p>top=q>next; free(q); return x; }

datatype stack top(linkstack *p) { if(stackempty(p)) error(stack is empty.); return p>top>data; }

3.2 3.2.1 N,,: N=(n div d)*d+n mod d ( :div,mod) (1348)10=(2504)8

n n div 8 n mod 8 1348 168 4 168 21 0 21 2 5 2 0 2

void conversion( ) { initstack(s); scanf (%,n); while(n){ push(s,n%8); n=n/8; } while(! Stackempty(s)){ pop(s,e); printf(%d,e); } }

3.2.2 , 3.2.3

: void lineedit( ){ initstack(s); ch=gether( ); while(ch!=eof){ while(ch!=eof && ch!=\n){ switch(ch){ case # : pop(s,c); case @ : clearstack(s); default : push(s,ch); }

ch=getchar( ); } clearstack(s); if(ch!=eof) ch=gethar( ); } destroystack(s); }

3.2.4

3.4 3.4.1 (Queue)(front)(rear)(First In First Out)FIFOa1,a2,ana1ana1,a2,an

a1a2an593.4.2

0 1 2 3FrontrearFront rear (a)bA,B,C

abc

front rear front rear c) a (d) b,c

b c

Circular Queue)1QueueSize-1101 if(I+1==QueueSize) i=0; else i++; i=(i+1)%QueueSize

front=rear 1rear

#define QueueSize 100 typedef char DataType; typedef Struct{ int front; int rear; int count; datatype data[queuesize] }cirqueue;

1 void initqueue(cirqueue *q){ q>front=q>rear=0; q>count=0; }2 int queueempty(cirqueue *q) { return q>count==0; }3 int queuefull(cirqueue *q){ return q>count==queuesize; }

4 void enqueue(cirqueue *q,datatype x) { if(queuefull(q)) error(queue overflow); q>count++; qdata[qrear]=x; qrear=(qrear+1)%queuesize; }

5 datatype dequeue(cirqueue *q) { datatype temp; if(queueempty(q)) error(queue underflow); temp=q>data[q>front]; q>count--; qfront=(q>front+1)%queuesize; return temp; }

6 datatype queuefront(cirqueue *q) { if(queueempty(q)) error(queue is empty.); return q>data[q>front]; }

3.4.3 LinkQueue typedef struct queuenode{ datatype data; struct queuenode *next; }queuenode;

typedef struct{ queuenode *front; queuenode *rear; }linkqueue;

void initqueue(linkqueue *q) { q>front=q>rear=null; }

int queueempty(linkqueue *q) { return q>front==null &&q>rear==null; } void enqueue(linkqueue *q,datatype x) { queuenode *p p=(queuenode * )malloc(sizeof(queuenode)); p>data=x; pnext=null; if(queueempty(q)) q>front=q>rear=p;

else{ q>rear>next=p; qrear=p; } }

Datatype dequeue(linkqueue *q) { datatype x; queuenode *p

if(queueempty(q)) error(queue underflow); p=q>front; x=p>data; q>front=p>next; if(q>rear==p) qrear=null; free(p); return x; }

datatype queuefront(linkqueue *q) { if(queueempty(q)) error(queue is empty.); return q>front>data; }

12341push(1)pop()push(2push(3)pop()pop( )push(4)pop( )2423432312342423

4n5sint stacksize(seqstack s)s6S7

8rearquelen9 (1) void demo1(seqstack *s){ int I;arr[64];n=0; while (!stackempty(s)) arr[n++]=pos(s); for(I=0;

while(! Stackempty(s)) if(I=pop(s)!=m) push(t,I);While(! Stackempty(t)) { i=pop(t); push(s,I);}}

4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3

4.1 (String)S=a1a2a3anS ai(1in)(Empty String) (Blank String) 10

AB A=This is a string B=isBAABA3BA3

Error(overflow)overflowC++ const char path[]=dir/bin/appl;path P71

C char s1[20]=dirtreeformat,s2[20]=file.mem; char s3[30],*p; int result;(length) int strlen(char s); // printf(%d,strlen(s1)); 13

2(copy) char *strcpy(char to,char from); fromtoto strcpy(s3,s1); //s3=dirtreeformat(3)(concatenation) char strcat(char to,char from) fromtoto strcat(s3,/) strcat(s3,s2); //s3=dirtreeformat/file.mem

(4)compare) int strcmp(chars1,char s2); s1s2000s1s2 result=strcmp(baker,Baker) result>0 result=strcmp(12,12); result=0 result=strcmp(Joe,Joseph); result

strncpystrncatstrncmpstrnchr

1 SposlenT void substr(string sub,string s,int pos,int len) { if(posstrlen(s)-1 || len

2index(s,t,pos) iTTi1ST

int index(string s,string t,int pos){ if(pos>0){ n=strlen(s); m=strlen(t); i=pos; while(i

4.2 4.2.1 , #define maxstrlen 256 typedef char sstring[maxstrlen]; sstring s; //s255

C\0maxstrlen256255\01 typedef struct{ char ch[maxstrlen]; int length; }sstring; //

4.2.2 C typedef char *string; //c typedef struct{ char *ch; int length; }hsring;

status sinsert(hstring s,int pos,hstring t){ if(poss.length+1) return error; if(t.length){if(!(s.ch=(char*)realloc(s.ch,(s.length+t.length)*sizeof(char))) exit(overflow); for(i=s.length-1;i>pos-1;--i) s.ch[I+t.length]=s.ch[i]; s.ch[pos-1..pos+t.length-2]=t.ch[0..t.length-1];

s.length+=t.length; } return ok; }

int strlen(hstring s){ return s.length; }

status clearstring(hstring s){ if(s.ch){free(s.ch);s.ch=NULL;} s.length=0; }

status strassign(hstring t,char *chars){ //charst if(t.ch) free(t.ch); for(i=0,(c=chars;c;++i),++c); if(!i) { t.ch=null; t.length=0; } else{ if(!(t.ch=(char *)malloc(I*sizeof(char)))) exit(overflow);

t.ch[0..i-1]=chars[0..i-1]; t.length=i; } }

int strcmp(hstring s,hstring t){ for(i=0;i

status concat(hstring t,hstring s1,hstring s2){ if(!(t.ch)=(char*)malloc(s1.length+s2.length)*sizeof(char))) exit(overflow); t.ch[0..s1.length-1]=s1.ch[0..s1.length-1]; t.length=s1.length+s2.length; t.ch[s1.length..t.length-1]=s2.ch[0..s2.length-1]; }

Status substr(hstring sub,hstring s,int pos,int len){ if(poss.length || lens.length-pos+1) return error; if(sub.ch) free(sub.ch); if(!len){ sub.ch=null; sub.length=0; }

else{ sub.ch=(char *)malloc(len*sizeof(char)); sub.ch[0..len-1]=s[pos-1..pos+len-2]; s.length=len; } }

4.2.3 typedef struct node{ char data; struct node *next; }lstring;

1 1 #define nodesize 80 typedef struct node{ char data[nodesize]; struct node *next; }lstring;

4.3 (Pattern Matching)(String Matching) ST S=s0s1s2sn-1 T=t0t1tm-1 0in-ms[i..i+m-1]t[0..m-1]s[i..i+m-1]=t[0..m-1]

itss[i..i+m-1] t[0..m-1]iis[i..i+m-1]=t[0..m-1]is[i..i+m-1] t[0..m-1]iTT n-m+1i(0in-m)

for(i=0;i

while(j

1 lstring *lindex(lstring s,lstring t){ lstring *shift,*q,*p; shift=S; q=shift;p=t;

while(q && p){ if(q->data==p->data){ q=q->next; p=p->next; } else{ shift=shift->next; q=shift; p=t; } }

if(p==null) return shift; else return null; }

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.4 5.5

5.1 a11 a12 a1n a21 a22 a2n am1 am2 amn Amn=

C typedef elemtype array2[m][n]; typedef elemtype array1[n]; typedef array1 array2[m];

5.2

i+1i a11,a12,,a1n,a21,a22,a2n,,am1,am2,,amn PASCALCj+1jAm*na11,a21,,am1,a12,a22,am2,,an1,an2,,anmFORTRAN

Amnd aijaijaijiji-1(i-1) niaijj-1(i-1) n+j-1aij LOC(aij)=LOC(a11)+[(i-1)*n+j-1]*dAijkLOC(aijk)=LOC(a111)+[(i-1)*n*p+(j-1)*p +(k-1)]*d

1A[c1..d1,c2..d2]c1,c21aiji-c1d2-c2+1i-c1(i-c1)*(d2-c2+1)iaijj-c2aij LOC(aij)=LOC(ac1c2)+[(i-c1)*(d2-c2+1)+j-c2)]*d C0C LOC(aij)=LOC(a00)+(i*(d2+1)+j)*d

5.3 11

5.3.1 1 nA aij=aji 0i,jn-1A5.15

1 5 1 3 7 a00 5 0 8 0 0 a10 a 11 1 8 9 2 6 a20 a21 a23 3 0 2 5 1 .. 7 0 6 1 3 an-1 0 a n-1 1 a n-1 2 a n-1 n-1 5.1 ii+1 (i+1)=n(n+1)/2 sa[0..n(n+1)/2-1]Aaijsa[k]

ijai j ai ji0i-11+2++i=i(i+1)/2i ai jjai0,ai1,ai2,,aij-1 k=i*(i+1)/2+j 0k

aij LOC(aij)=LOC(sa[k]) =LOC(sa[0])+k*d=LOC(sa[0]+[I*(I+1)/2+J]*d (ij)sa[k]aijk=0,1,2,n(n-1)/2-1sa[k](i,j)sa[n(n+1)/2]A

k=0 1 2 3 n(n-1)/2 n(n-1)/2-1a21a12 sa[4] k=I*(I+1)/2+J=2*(2+1)/2+1=4

a00a10a11a20an-1 0 an-1,n-1

2 a00 a01 a 0 n-1 a00 c c c a11 a 1 n-1 a10 a11 c .. .. c c a n-1 n-1 an-1 0 an-1 1 an-1 n-1 (a) (b) 5.2

cn(n+1)/2sa[0..n(n+1)/2]c p(0pj

k=

sa[k]aij i(i+1)/2+j ij n(n+1)/2 i>j 3 a00 a01 a10 a11 a12 a21 a22 a23 . .. . 5.3 an-2 n-3 an-2 n-2 an-2 n-1 an-1 n-2 an-1 n-1k=

(aii,0in-1(aii+1,0in-2)(ai+1 i,0in-2)i-j>1aij=0k(k)Ai-j>(k-1)/2 aij=0

i=0j=01i=n-1j=n-2n-11

LOC(i,j)=LOC(0,0)+[3*i-1+(j-i+1)]*d =LOC(0,0)+(2i+j)*d a34sa[10] k=2*i+j=2*3+4=10 a21sa[5] k=2*2+1=5sa[0..3*n-2]A

5.3.2 AsssmnA

As e=s/(m*n)ee0.05i,j)(i,j,aij)A

((1,2,12)(1,3,9),(3,1,- 3),(3,6,14),(4,3,24), (5,2,18),(6,1,15),(6,4,-7)) (6,7)M 0 12 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 18 0 -3 0 0 0 0 14 0 9 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 15 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4 MTM=T=

#define maxsize 10000 typedef int datatype; typedef struct{ int i,j; datatype v; }triple;

typedef struct{ triple data[maxsize]; int m,n,t; }tripletable; Atripletable5.4 i j v 1 2 12 1 3 9 3 1 -3 3 6 14 4 3 24 5 2 18 6 1 15 6 4 -7

mnABnma[i][j]=b[j][i]0im0jnABAB ABAa.dataBb.dataa.dataijb.dataBb.data ABa.dataBb.data

A col(0coln-1)a.datacolb.dataB i j v 1 3 -3 1 6 15 2 1 12 2 5 18 3 1 9 3 4 24 4 6 -7 6 3 14

Void transmatrix(tripletable a,tripletable b) { int p q col; b.m=a.n; b.n=a.m; b.t=a.t; if(b.t

for(col=1;col

pcolO(n*t) for(col=0;col

t

MBMMB num[0..n]cpot[0..n]num[0..n]Mnum[col]A

cpot[0..n]MB cpot cpot[1]=1 cpot[col]=cpot[col-1]+num[col-1] 2

A i j v numcpotq=cpot[col]pp

1 2 v

q

2 1 v

void fasttranstri(tritupletable b,tritupletable a){ int p,q,col,k; int num[0..a.n],copt[0..a.n]; b.m=a.n; b.n=a.m; b.t=a.t; if(b.t

cpot[0]=1; for(col=2;col

#define maxrow 100 typedef struct{ triple data[maxsize]; int rpos[maxrow]; int n,m,t; }rtripletable

Q=M*N Mm1*n1Nm2*n2n1=m2 for(i=1;i

MNMN 0 0 50 -1 0 02 0 0 0M= 0 2 1 0-2 4 0 0N=Q=M*N 0 6-1 0 0 4Q=

i j v i j v i j v 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 6 1 4 5 2 1 1 2 1 -1 3 2 -1 3 1 -2 3 2 4 3 1 2 3 2 4 q.data m.data n.data

MMN QM

void multsmatrix( rtripletable a, rtripletable b, rtripletable c){ if(a.n!=b.m){ printf(error\n); exit(0); } c.m=a.m; c.n=b.n; c.t=0; if(a.t*b.t!=0){ for(arow=1;arow

c.rpos[arow]=c.t+1; for(p=a.rops[arow];p

for(ccol=1;ccolmaxsize) exit(0); c.data[c.t]={arow,ccol,ctemp[ccol]}; } } } }

5.4 Lists2n>=0a1,a2,a3,,an n(n>=0)a1,a2,a3,,anaiLS=a1,a2,a3,,an)LSnaiLS

6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2

LSn>=1)a1LS(a1,a2,an)LS 1A=A2B=eBeB13C=a,(b,c,d))C2 a(b,c,d)4D=ABCD3

D=(( ),(e),(a,(b,c,d)))5E=E2EE=(a,(a,(a,(a,)))). 1P10824ABCDD3

gethead(B)=e gettail(B)=( ) gethead(D)=A gettail(D)=(B,C) BC gethead(B,C)=B gettail(B,C)=(C) ( ( ) )01

5.5 (a1,a2,a3,an) 1

tag=1 hp tp

tag=0 atom

typedef enum{ATOM,LIST}elemtag; typedeg struct glnode{ elemtag tag; union{ atomtype atom; struct { struct glnode *hp,*tp; }ptr; }; } *glist;P109

2

tag=1hptp typedef enum{atom,list}elemtag;Typedef struct glnode{ elemtag tag; union{ atomtype atom; struct glnode *hp; };

tag=0atomtp

struct glnode *tp; } *glist; P110

6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2

6.4.36.6 6.6.1 6.6.2

6.1 (Tree)n(n>=0)TT 1(Root)

(2)m(m>=0)T1,T2,T3Tm(Subtree)

6.2 6.2.1 n(n>=0)

6.856.8(C) 6.8d

(a)AABABACB (b) (c)(d) (e)6.8 5

6.2.2 1 i2i-1(i>=1) i=12i-1=20 =1, j1

2k2k1k>=1).k1 EkI=1i= EkI=12i-1=2k 1 3 n02n2n0n211n1N2Nn0n1n2 (6-1)B NB1

12 Bn1+2*n2 NB1n12n21 62)6162 n0+n1+n2=n1+2*n2+1 n0n21 k2k-16.9

knk1n

24536716.9

12345612345712367(a)(b)( c)6.10 6..10bc2

1)kk1 211l1 4n[log2n]1xx k22k-11

5 n1log2n+1),i1ni2i 32i1>ni2i1

[I/2]iI+12i2i+12(I+1)2i+3I+12(I+1)2i+3i2i2i+16.11 Ii+1(a)Ii+1 (b)Ii+16.11

23123 i122>n2ii333>nii>1 1j1

j12i12i+1>n 2j1

6.2.3 1. #define max-tree-size 100Typedef telemtype sqbitree[max-tree-size];Sqbitree bt HH2h-1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12abcdefghijkl

ABCDEFGHIJKL

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

ABCDEFG

Status CreateBiTree(BiTree *T) { scanf(&ch); if(ch= =") T=NULL; else{ if(!(T=(BiTNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTNode)))) exit(OVERFLOW); T>data=ch; CreateBiTree(T>lchild); CreateBiTree(T>rchildd); } return OK; }

2

A

^B

C^

D

^E

^F^

^G^

^H^

lchildDatarchild

Typedef struct BiTNode { TelemType data; struct BiTNode *lchild,*rchild;} BiTNode,*BiTree;,Data ,lchild,rchild ,;

6.3 6.3.1

bca()()()

LDRDLRLDRLRDDRLRDLRLD DLR LDR LRD1123212

33123

1(a+b*(c-d)-e/f),,-+a*b-cd/ef ,a+b*c-d-e/f

,abcd-*+ef/-,, 1

*a/b-dcfe

TREENODE *creat_tree(){ TREENODE *t; char c; c=getchar(); if(c= =#) return(NULL); else{ t=(TREENODE *)malloc(sizeof(TREENODE)) t >data=c; t >lchild=create_tree(); t >rchild=create tree(); } return(t); }

: #include#include#define NULL 0Typedef struct node{ char data; struct node *lchild,*rchild; }TREENODE;TREENODE *root;TREENODE *creat_tree();Void inorder(TREENODE *);Void inorder(TREENODE *p) { if(p!=NULL)

{ inorder(p>lchild); printf(%c,p>data) inorder(p>rchild); }}

3

P127

lchilddataparentrchild

,,,,,;

: 0 lchild ltag={ 1 lchild 0 rchild rtag={ 1 rchild ,,.

lchildltagdatartagrchild

: Typedef enum{Link,Thread}PointerTag; Link= =0:,Thread= =1:Typedef struct BiThrNode{ TelemType data; struct BiTreeNode *lchild,*rchild; PointerTag LTag, Rtag; }BiTreeNode,*BiThrTree; ,,lchild,rchild;,lchild rchild;,,.

Status InorderTraverse_Thr(BiThrTree T,status(*visit)(TElemType)){ //T,lchild //, //Visit P=T>lchild; while(p!=T){ while(p >LTag = =Link) p=p >lchild; if(!visit(p >data)) return error; while(p >RTag = =Thread&&p >rchild!=T) { p=p >rchild; Visit(p >data); } p= p>rchild; } return OK;}//InorderTraverse_Thr

P134 : Status InorderThreading(BiThrTree &Thrt,BiThrTree T){ if(!(Thrt =(BiThrTree)malloc(sizeof(BiThrNode)))) exit(OVERFLOW); Thrt >LTag =Link; Thrt >RTag =Thread; Thrt >rchild=Thrt; if(!T) Thrt >lchild=Thrt; else{ Thrt >lchild=T; pre=Thrt; InThrTreading(T); pre >rchild=Thrt; pre > RTag =Thread; Thrt >rchild=pre; } return OK; }//InorderThreading

Void InThreading(BiThrTree p) { if(p){ InThreading(p >lchild); if(!p >lchild) {p > LRag =Thread; p >lchild=pre;} if(!pre >rchild) {pre >rchild){pre >RRag =Thread;pre >rchild=p;} pre=p; InThreading(p >rchild); }}(Ins_lchild)(Del_lchild)