第五章:多电子原子 : 泡利原理
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Transcript of 第五章:多电子原子 : 泡利原理
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: Atomic Physics
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H H
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()HeZ=2BeZ=4=212+2MgZ=12=2(12+22)+2CaZ=20=2(12+22+22)+2SrZ=38=2(12+22+32+22)+2BaZ=56=2(12+22+32+32+22)+2RaZ=88=2(12+22+32+42+32+22)+2
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,n,l,j, ,
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1. 1s 1s .3. 1s2
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::S, P, D, F----S, P, D, F----2
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, 1sn
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:11s1s 1S03
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41s2s1S01s2s3S1, 21s1s 3S11s1s 1S01s2s3S13 3S1
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5 Be(4)Mg(12)Ca(20)Sr(38)Ba(56)Ra(88)Zn(30)Cd(48)Hg(80)+2.
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1. 1s1s1s 1s 2s2p 3s 3d, , n1
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2. n1l1n2l2 1s1s 1s2s1s2s 1s2p
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nl; nl n2Lj1,n2Lj2; n1l1n2l2
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Enlj
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l1,l2,s1,s2G5,G6 G1,G2G3,G4G1(s1,s2)G2(l1,l2)G3(l1,s1),G4(l2,s2)G5(l1,s2)G6(s2,l1)
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:1.
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1): k1=l,k2=s,k=j j=l+s, l-s
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2): ::::
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s=0,1 .s=0j=l;
:s=1
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l sjl jl l1 l2 ss=0s=12s+1=1,3;
:s=0,1 .s=0j=l;s=1
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3) (L,S,J)::
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33p4d12
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1 1s 1s 1s1s 1S0Review 12 3s 3s
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:2: 1s1s: 1s2s: 3s3s: 3s3pn1l1 n2l2 n3l3)
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G1(s1,s2)G2(l1,l2)G3(l1,s1),G4(l2,s2)G5(l1,s2)G6(s2,l1)G5,G6
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S =0 , 1L J S=0 J=L L J S=1J=L+1LL-1 L J
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e1 e2 L S=0 S=1J J 1s 2s 0 0 1 1s 2p 1 1 012 1s 3d 2 2 123 1s 4f 3 3 234 1.
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n=2,3
n=2,3n=3,4n=3,4n-4,5 2.
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n =3,4n =3,4
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2.
:New
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jj
:JJ
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4j-j3p4d
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:3p4d 12
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l j
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2) Laporte Laporte
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l =1, Laporte
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21 2 Laporte He
:Hg
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He1s1s
(1s1s)1S0(1s1s)3S1;
1925Pauli
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Pauli1) 1869 Mendeleev11Na
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Wolfgang PauliPauliZeeman1925Pauli1940PauliBohr
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1945
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1n n2 ll . n ln=1, 2, 3l=0, 1, 2(n-1)
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32
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2Pauli Pauli
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3Pauli He1s1s
S=1 .(1s1s)1S01He
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s1 s2 S=1Pauli
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Pauli
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Z
Pauli
Z
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Pauli345
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n l , nl m :1
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l 1s2s
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l, s
slater
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Z
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,,,18,8
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n n l n l ,KLMNO..
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1nl n 2 3
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: 28183228818 2818Ar3p3d193d4s
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4s, 3d3d4s4s 3d4s
- nn n l nn n l n+0.7l )4s < 3d4f
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1 S 2 S L 3 nl J J |LS|> JL+S1 Hund
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pppd LS213
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L-S J J J+1JJ-1
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ML=0MS=0L=0, S=0, J=0 l=1pnp1np5 np2np4 Hund
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(1)S (2)L (3)J (4)2s+1Lj (1) (2)(3)(4)
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LSZ6Z7Z17:SLL-SJJ
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: The end
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npnp nl npnp +10-1 -1/2+1/2
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MsMLML Ms221131111MsMLMLMsMLMsMLMsL=2S=01D2L=1S=13P2,1,0L=0S=01S011
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npnp1S01D23P210 L=() S=0 L= S=1
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17, 6Pauli
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1 2
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2 l
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n nn: 1) n, lml(2l+1)mlmsl nl=2(2l+1).3
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2 j 2j+1
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19KK181,KK
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...... 1
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1n n Zn (Moseley) 3d32D ZT32D (Moseley)
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4S 42S (Moseley)(Moseley)32S42DE=-hcTT
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n=3 n=4 Z=20~2121 1920 4s21 3d .1920
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