()

1n1n22RD() RD=1-1/CRCR CR=n1/n25125128 n1=51251281 n2=5125121 RD=1-1/CR11/8=88% CR=n1/n28

2[0,1]skskps(sk) ps(sk)nk/n k=0,1,,L-1L nkknskl(sk)()

(P136) RD=1-1/CR1-0.91=9% CR=n1/n23/2.7=1.119%

31)2)

34

01011 0 1 0 0 1 0c4c2c1h3h5h6h7

() Huffman

1 21) 2)

3 8 pini/n i=0,1,,L-1ii0~28-1HH

4()()

w1,w2 ,wNp1,p2 ,pN()t1,t2 ,tN () R

R1 R2R2R1RR0

mnpmpn pm>pntmtn tm>tn()

5()() KraftnDtii

C=[00, 10, 0(0)11, 101][a,b,c,d]

CKraftCC=[101, 10, 00, 10] dbabC=[0, 01, 1,11][a,b,c,d]CKraftCC=[0, 1, 11, 0, 11] acdad bdbc ?

01 1

(a2 a6 a2 a6 a4 a5 a2 a3 a1)1 00 1 00 0100 01011 1 01010 001 24327

a10.1a20.410.410.410.410.60a20.4a60.3000.3000.3000.3000.41a30.06a10.10110.10110.20100.301a40.1a40.101000.101000.1011a50.04a30.06010100.10101a60.3a50.0401011

H = 2.14 Lavg = 3 = 71.3%H=2.14

12346.3.1()

2A()B()(P152)M0

1f2340324012823403240750Mbit3050301500MbitAfA(23403240) (23403240) f (23403240)1 g(23403240)1

()

A()16c1 c2 c3c16 c10000 c20001 c30010 c16111114c2 c3c15 c1 c16 f = A-1g4.3613.550

0678202135c9c15c16 c2c16 c3c16c15c16c16c2c16c16c16c2

-36-35-23-222198-7c1c1c1c15c1c1c2c1c1c14c1c1c15c1c2c1c14c1c15c2

2()IIPII

ARRD

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

IPADRIIPIAIPA

IP1RRRRRRDARRRRRIDARIP2RDRARDRARAIDDAIP3DAARADDRRDADAARRRDADRDAARRRDADRR

DADRARADRDRARRDDAARDA

FlameFlame788448bit31621692172bit8

00000000000101010101010110101010101000000000111110100101010010010110101111000010100111111010101100010000

3ik(li,gk)() (l1,g1)(l2,g3)(l3,g2)(l4,g5)(l5,g4)g1g2g3g4g5

4{a1, a2, a3, a4}p(a1)=0.2 p(a2) =0.2p(a3) =0.4p(a4) =0.2a1 a2 a3 a3 a4[0.06752,0.0688]()0.068(0.04/10)4+0.04=0.056(0.04/10)8+0.04=0.072

0.0676059 a1 a2 a3 a3 a4 a1 a2 a3 a3 a4

1(WBS)CCITT()1728/(8/mm)3.5/mm1728/(8/mm)7.7/mm

190mm270mm5/mmbit19027052=1282500bit1.3Mbit2.4kbit/s9CCITT19

1)n0n+11n

11001 0nPwWBSbn40(40)n=4 0 0 11110 0 11111 0 0 0 16n=8 0 111100000 111110000 0 20n=5 0 100011 110000 101111 0 0 0 0 23

2)WBSMN0MN1R44505(16+1 )190Pw4160

3)WBSWBSWBS10WBSWBSbit

2

1)(RLC)(RLC)1, 2, NN(0)

(RLC)17444122731244372412141747144444417212 3(P150)00011111010100100011010110101011010110110100100010000100011101100111111319271170 (128)

411007011201001201010301011

2)(RAC)RAC1744412RLC113444212412141331143434P156

3)(PDQ)PDQRLC

I2

I1

=I2 - I1

()

1

XM XM-1 XM-2 X1 Xn Xn+1 Xn(XiX)en2ai=0

i=1,2,,MXiXjRij=E[Xi,Xj] |ai|

Rij=E[Xi,Xj]ij= E[Xi,Xj] / E[Xi2]0ij1RijXn

M=100m

2DPCM

()a1=1

3DM()DM a1=1+c=1 -c=0()

DM()c4()M>1|ai|

A/Dss[s0,s1)t0s[s1,s2)t1s[si-1,si)ti-1t0t1t2t3tk+1tk-1tks

si tisisp(s)siti sitiA/D

p(s)titi+1s[si,si+1) LaplaceLloyd-Max(P165)

Lloyd-Max8-2.994~2.994256501100 1011 1010 1001 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 00111 00011 00000 111 10 110 0101 00001 0011024

5

12223334444441222333444444

10 0

2DCT()( DCT) ()

3nn()75

131664

4JPEGJPEGJPEG(Joint Photograhic Coding Experts Group)ISO ()CCITT()19861991ISO CD109181992ISO/IECJPEG JPEG()JPEG

5JPEG61)882)88FDCT

3)DCT4) 5)ZHuffmanS(u,v)

7JPEG79,0,-2,-1,-1,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,.,0

JPEGF(0,0) F(0,0)=Fi(0,0)-Fi-1(0,0)F(0,0)2()2 22 011 100()0 0,-2,-1,-1,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,.,00,-2 3-1EOB(/)()00

()

6)HuffmanDCTIDCT

S(u,v)JPEG

79,0,-2,-1,-1,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,.,0S(u,v)

IDCT

8JPEGYIQ(NTSC)RGBYIQ

B

G

R

Y

I

Q

RGBYIQ

88

DCT

DPCM

RLC

01101

Huffman

9JPEG

1

restart

2

restart

.GIF1(dictionary encoding)(dictionary of the phrases)

2LZ781.P 2. C() 3. P+C(-)a. P P+Cb. PC P+C() P c. goto 2 i. Pii.

C()P+CP A1AA AB2BA+B C3BBBAB4AB+A BA5BBB6AB+ABA7BBA+BBAB8AAA9CA+C AC

123456789ABBABABAC

3LZ781. PCcWpW2. cW= (cW)3. string(cW)(string(cW))4. pW = cW (pW)5. cW = 6. string(cW)a. string(cW) P=string(pW) (string(pW))C=string(cW) P+Cb. P=string(pW) C=string(cW) P+C7. a. goto 4b.

A B B A B A B A C

cWString(cW)pWPCA1AAB2BBABC3BBBBAB4ABABBABB5ABAABABA6CCABACABA7ABAC8

12RGB34PDCM a1=15DM a1=1cc 45Z