,

KJ/mol

-

250c101kpa slg

H H+kJ/mol HH

6

125101 kPa393.5 kJ/mol285.8 kJ/mol890.3 kJ/mol2 800 kJ/mol, A.C(s)+O2(g)=CO(g);H=-393.5 kJ/molB.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g);H=+571.6 kJ/molC.CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(g); H=-890.3 kJ/molD.1/2C6H12O6s+3O2(g)=3CO2(g)+3H2O(l); H=-1 400 kJ/molD25,101 kPa1 mol

2HC(s)O2(g) CO2(g)H1 C(s)1/2O2(g) CO(g)H2S(s)O2(g) SO2(g)H3S(g)O2(g) SO2(g)H4H2(g)1/2O2(g) H2O(l)H5 2H2(g)O2(g) 2H2O(l)H6CaCO3(s) CaO(s)CO2(g)H7 CaO(s)H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s)H8 A B CDC

3A BC DA

1243

13 1 22

4pH1pH 2pH3 pHpHpH H2O

3.xy,a,b,A

----CuSO41

4 12 3 Fe -2e- = Fe2+ 2H2O +O2 +2e-=4OH-Fe -2e- = Fe2+ 2H+ +2e- = H2

----1>> > >>2

5., .FeFeCFeZnA()B()C()D()F()E()

----

AAg BZn(OH)2 CAg2O DZn

2Ag + Zn(OH)2

Ag2O + Zn + H2O

7

D

8abbAXYBXYCCuSO4PHDCuSO4PH

AC

9AaBb4OH4e 2H2O+O2CD

BD P25

10ABDC

..

:mol/ L.min mol/L.s v= C/t:

.

1N2+3H22NH3:[N2]=3molL-1,[H2]=9molL-1,[NH3] =4molL-1N2H2

2CO+H2OH2+CO2773KK=9C(H2O)=C(CO)=0.020molL-1CO

1234

14NH3+5O2 = 4NO+6H2O5LNO0.3molx A(O2)=0.01 molL-1s-1 B(NO)=0.008 molL-1s-1 C(H2O)=0.003 molL-1s-1 D(NH3)=0.002 molL-1s-1 C D

2C()+CO2()=2CO() 1 23CO24N25N2 13

32A + B = 3C + 4D( )AVA =0.5mol / (L.min) BVB =0.3mol / (L.min) CVC =0.8mol / (L.min) DVD = 0.6mol / (L.S)D

(1) (2)(3)=(4)

a L1mol X2 mol YXg2Yg 2ZgA B C XYZ122D 0.1mol X0.2mol ZAB

,,: A()+3B() 2C()+D() ( )A. B.C.B D.

BC

(5)

nc

(n(g)0)

1 4 2 ()pHpH3 ()

12 CH3COOHH2SCu(OH)2H2CO3KHCO3KHSO4NH3H2O34

0.05molNaOH100mL A. B.0.5mol/LNH4Cl C.0.5mol/L D.0.5mol/L B D

n(H+)C(H+)HClNaOH

CH3COOH == CH3COO-+H+H+

CH3COO- + H2O === CH3COOH + OH-

______,______,________,_______.a. b. c. d.NaCl e. f. g.CO2 h.Na2O i. j. k. l. m. n.o. BaSO4 a.c.e.d.h.l.oi.j.k.m.f.g.

a b c______H2_________ b a=cba c

H+a b c______H2_________ a=b=ca=b

HAHB(1)pH(HA)pH(HB) (2)pHCHACHB(3)pHpHHApHHB

pH pH NaOHNaOH pH NaOHNaOH

A.NaOH() B.H2O C.NH4Cl() D.CH3COONa () BD

7 A1mo/LPH2 BC DAD

100.01mol/L ABCPHDCD

11.0.1 molL1NH4Cl A. B. C. D.C

1 220

06110.1molL-1CH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COO-+H+ABNaOHC0.1molL-1HClc(H+)DCH3COONa

1w23PH4

pH=3HAcpH=4NH4ClpH=11NaOHpH=10Na2CO3

pH7

100KW=110-121NaCl[H+]= pH = 20.005mol/LpH= 0.01mol/LNaOHpH=

pHpH

pH=1HClpH=10NaOHpH= pH=5H2SO4pH=12NaOHpH= 20mLpH=510.05mL0.004mol/LBa(OH)2pH=

pH=3HCl100pH pH=3HAc100pH pH5 100;pH=10NaOH100pH pH=10NaAc10pH

(1)100mLpH=3H2SO410mL0.01mol/L

( 2)pH=3HClpH=11

1)2)2~32~3

3)[]

:

4). ..2~3

5VC A B C D E

1 ( )AB CD

0.1molL-1NaOH1.0mL 11.0mL ( ) A.10.0mL B.10.0mL C.10.0mL D.11.0mL pHBaOH2NaOHNH3H2OV1V2V3 ( )AV3>V2>V1BV3=V2=V1 CV3>V2=V1DV1=V2>V3A

1

2

3PH

60.1mol/L NaOH0.1mol/LNH4Cl A[Na][Cl-][OH-][H] B[Cl-][Na] [OH-][H]C[Na]= [Cl-][OH-][H] D[Na]= [Cl-][H][OH-]C

cH+=110-14mol/LA)NH4+,Al3+,Br-,SO42- B)Na+,Mg2+,Cl-,NO3- C)K+,Ba2+,Cl-,NO3- D)K+,Na+,SO32-,SO42-C

1 2 HAcNaAcNH3H2ONH4ClHCNNaCN

pH=3pH=11 A [NH4+][Cl-] [H][OH-] B[NH4+][Cl-] [OH-][H]C[Cl-] [NH4+][H] [OH-] D[Cl-][NH4+][OH-][H]B

Mg(OH)2NH4ClMg(OH)2NH4Cl

Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2(s) Mg2(aq)+2OH(aq)HOH-,c(OH)Mg(OH)2NH4ClNH4HOH,c(OH)Mg(OH)2