第六章 蒸馏
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Transcript of 第六章 蒸馏
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1. 1 ( 2 3 4
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3. 1 22.
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(): : 1-1-
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T--
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Raoults law pA = p0AxAABAB pA =pA0xA pB = pB0xB = PB0(1-xA)
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t-x-yx-yt-x-y
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2:t~yty()t~xtx32tAtBAB
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xf y1D bubble pointt/Cx(y)01.0DxAyAxfyy1xcVVLSC
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yA xA yA= xf xcL kmolV kmol,
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y-x t-y-x x y
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1-AB pA pBxAxBt-x-ypA= pAo xA pB=pBo xB: p = pA + pB pA = pAoxA = pAox pB = pBo (1-x)
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p = pAox + pBo (1-x) tx pA pB
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2t-x-y
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3
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ptyx4Antoin4t-x-y
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-t=100x=0.3yp101.325kPax=0.4ytx=0.5y=0.71
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y-x1.volatility A=pA. A=pA / xA B = pB / xB A B AB
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A = pA / xA = pA0 xA / xA = pA0 B = pB0
** , .
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2. relative volatility =f(t)
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3. x-y
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>1AB =1
[] t--x--y x--y ,
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[] ,:36.1 68.7 t = ( 36.1+ 68.7) / 2 =52.4
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50 pA0 =159.16 pB0=54.04 1 = pA0 / pB0=159.16 / 54.04 =2.9555 pA0 = 185.18 pB0 = 64.44 2 = pA0 / pB0 =185.18 / 64.44 = 2.87= ( 2.95 + 2.87 ) / 2 = 2.91
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52.4t1 = 501 = 2.95t2 = 552 = 2.87 t = 52.4
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xy x6-1
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ABaAA aBBaABpA>pA0 xA pB> pB0 xB
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-pA>pA0 xA pB> pB0 xB
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-t-x-yt-xt-yMMx=xM1
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x=0.89478.15-p-x-t-x-y-x-y
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-x-yx-yMMx-y
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aABaAA aBBPx0-1M1atmMx=0.894(95.6%)78.15C
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x=0.383121.9
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1 2, =1 3 4 t
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1. 2. 3.
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yAxA Q
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Rectification
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x1 x2 x3 x4t4 t3 t2 t1 y1 y2 y3 y4
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xnyn---
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123
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. F=D+W FxF = DxD+ WxW:
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123 2. 1.
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V1=V2=V= V1=V2=V=V------kmol/h; V-----kmol/h 1
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L1=L2= L=L1=L2= L=L------kmol/h;L-----kmol/h 2
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q1.(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
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q
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F+L+V' =V +L' V-V ' =F-L' -LV ' =V+q-1F
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q11kmolkmol21kmolkmol q
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FLFVFF=LF+VFL=LF+LV=V+VF
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q
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V = L + D Vyn=Lxn-1+DxD L/D=R, q
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nxnyn+1 DxDL,Ryx
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1R/R+1XD /R+1 xy20xD /R+1xDxDR---- L=RD V=L+D=R+1DL/V---- L/V=R/R+1 RL/Vyn+1 xn
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6-50.95()50kg/h1.62 :(1) ; (2) (3) ;
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(1) y1 = xD= 0.95(2)
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3 V = ( R + 1 ) D = ( 2 + 1 )50 = 150 kg / hMm= x M(1-x) M =0.95119.35 + 0.05153.8 =121.1 kg / kmol V = 150 / 121.1 = 1.24 kmol / h L= RD = 2 50 = 100 kg / h L = 100 / 121.1 = 0.826 kmol / h
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6-6n0.8()0.72.421
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L=V+W Lxn=Vyn+1+WxW
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R=V/W
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R
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1 L/LW-WXW /LW XY2 0 -WXW /LW XWXWLL
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q . V y = Lx + D xD (1) V y = L x - W xW (2)(1)- (2)( V- V ) y = ( L- L) x - ( W xW + D xD )
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V =V + ( q 1 ) FV - V = ( q 1 ) F L = L+ qFL -L= qFW xW + D xD F xF ( q 1 ) Fy = q Fx - F xFF xF = q Fx - ( q 1 ) Fy = W xW + D xD( V- V ) y = ( L- L) x - ( W xW + D xD )
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( q 1 ) F y = qF x - F xF ( q 1 ) y = q x - F xF
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1 q12 q = 13 1q04 q = 05 q0
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1.1 3D (xD,xD) b= xD/(R+1) 4F (xF, xF) K=q/(q-1)q2 xDxFxWDFW;5 Q (xq,yq) W (xW, xW) 6 D, N-Mccabe-ThieleM-T
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12.85.7=11.8-5.7=6.16
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5) NN xDxWRxFqTP xD xW N
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2. y1=xD
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y2,xnxF(),n-1 xm xW m-1,m
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1XDXWRXD/R+1NT 2V=(R+1)DV`=V+(q-1)FR V VRmin
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1. 11D=0F=0W=02R=L/D=34
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2NminNmin Nmin()+1= lg[xD/(1-xD)(1-xW)/xW]/lgm
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2. 1) D, DD
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yqyxqxFxD
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xFxWxD
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2) xqyq xq = xF yq = xF= yF
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3. R RR= (1.2~2.0)RminR
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6-12300kmol/h 0.50.950.1 ()2.51.5
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R V1.5;Rmin V'minVVR
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D:D=141.2 kmol/h: q=0, yq=xf=0.5 : xq=0.333 Rmin=(xdyq)/(yqxq)=(0.950.5)/(0.50.333)=2.7
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Vmin=(Rmin1)D =(2.71)141.2=522.4 kmol/hVmin= Vmin(1q)F =522.4(10)300=222.4 kmol/h
V=1.5 Vmin=333.6 kmol/h
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V=(R1)D(1q)F 333.6=(R1)141.2300 R=3.49
y =0.777x0.212 y=2x/(1x)
y1=xd=0.95
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y1x1 x1=0.905x1y2 : y2=0.915y2 x2 : x2=0.843
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RRminNTNmin(Gilliland)1.
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NTNmin2.1Rmin 2FenskeNmin
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[] -0.450.95,0.05,1.632.45
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760 mmHg 1540 mmHg 1093 mmHg 330 mmHg 760 mmHg 496.4 mmHg () =760 / 330 = 2.28 () = 1540 / 760 = 2.06 () = 1093 / 496.4 = 2.2 = (2.282.06 )1/2 = 2.17 () = ( 2.282.20 )1/2 = 2.24
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( N Nm ) / ( N + 2 ) = 0.4 N = 14.3 ()
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6.5.8 1.2.
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qVsVsDD
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1 2 3
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EWS EW
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12;3
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- 80.1 80.73 0.98-161.7
x0.00.980.21.380.41.860.52.070.62.360.72.7
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