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教授:陳文山 學生:林晏羽 班級:碩研電子一甲 學號: 9930228
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Transcript of 教授:陳文山 學生:林晏羽 班級:碩研電子一甲 學號: 9930228
教授:陳文山學生:林晏羽
班級:碩研電子一甲
學號: 9930228
THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
EVOLUTION OF RFIC HANDSET PAS
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手機業務增長 / 預計增長 2002 年至 2013
圖 1 。手機手機部門的增長,較去年同期預測全球(百萬)。
3THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Requirements for Power Amplifiers
4THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Semiconductor Technologies for RF Integrated Circuit Handset PAs
5
1.III - V 族化合物為基礎的技術和矽為基礎2. MESFET3. PHEMT4. HBT
半導體技術可用於 PA 的應用:
砷化鎵( GAAS )優點: 1. 高擊穿電壓 2. 高增益 3. 線性度好 4. 加強 PAE 的高產量 Vcc
THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Semiconductor Technologies for RF Integrated Circuit Handset Pas
6THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Handset Power Amplifier DesignMethodologies and Architectures
Saturated Power Amplifi er DesignMethodologies and ArchitecturesPower Amplifier Design Methodology
7
Match
Match
Match
Match
COMSConroller
HBTPA
HBTPA
圖 2. 方塊圖,四組頻帶 GSM / GPRS 功率放大器。 CMOS 控制器提供直流偏置,邏輯控制,功率控制的兩條平行異質結雙極晶體管。阻抗匹配電路用於輸入和輸出的放大器。
Automatic Bas Controller
Vcc
RFoutRFin
Vapc
圖 3. 方塊圖三個階段功率放大器。第一階段提供線性增益,第二階段提供足夠的功率來驅動第三階段為飽和模式操作。
8THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
圖 4. 顯微照片一個四頻的 SiGe HBT 功率放大器。這樣的設計集成了控制階段和擴增階段在一個芯片上。
9THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Saturated Power Amplifier Design Architectures
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PA
Ramp PAC Vcc
Vbat
兩個主要的架構是使用在 GSM 功率放大器,一個是可變增益,另一種是固定增益架構。在可變增益架構, [ 功率放大器有固定的輸入功率,通常由一個壓控振盪器( VCO ),輸出功率為通過改變增益功率放大器通過偏置控制。
圖 5. 電流控制,可變增益電路。調整後的增益是通過改變偏壓的感應電流在輸出。
THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
PA
Ramp PAC Vcc
Vbat
圖 6 。電壓控制,可變增益電路。集電器的電壓是感覺到的,以及一系列 FET 的電壓調整設置集電電壓。
11THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Linear Power AmplifierDesign and Its Architecture
12
DriverStage Bias
OutputMatch
lnterStageMatch
LnputMatch
PowerStage Bias
Vcc1
GND GND
Vcc1VCONTVREF
RFln RFOut
ModuleMMIC
DA DA
圖 7. 簡化的兩階段線性功率放大器手機框圖。第一階段由一個驅動放大器(大),其次是功率放大器
THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
CamierMatchin
gCircuit
Load
λµTransformer
Peak
圖 8. 一系列的簡化結構型功率放大器 Doherty 輸出載波信號分離和通過路徑 1 和路徑 2 ,結合在負載。
13THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Load
M ·ZLoad
M ·ZLoad
M -1
ZLoad
M ·Z
Load
Q1 Zo90o
Q2
( A )
14THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Load
M ·ZLoad
(Open)
ZLoad
M ·Z
Load
Q1 Zo90o
Q2
8
2
圖 9. 一種簡化結構的開關 的功率放大器。 ( A )高功率模式。 ( B )低功耗模式。 15THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION
NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
圖 10 。測量的功率附加效率的系列型功率放大器(實線)相比,一個典型的 AB 類功率放大器(虛線)。
圖 11 。測得的功率附加效率( PAE )和相鄰信道功率比( ACPR )在 5 MHz 偏移使用寬帶分碼多工存取計劃( 3GPP 的WCDMA 的 rel.99 )。載波頻率為836.5MHz16THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION
NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
I/M
O/M
I/MO/M
AdditionalMatching
Point 1
Vd2
Q2
Vd1
Vc1
Pin
Point 2
Point 2
Point 1
Id2
Q1
Id1Vc1
SW2
圖 12. 框圖步階功率放大器。開關是用來改變功率放大器周邊設備。 I / M :輸入匹配。 O/M :輸出匹配
17THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
0
BiasCircuitSecondStage
Switch
BiasCircuitFirst
Stage
LnputMatchin
g
LnputMatchin
g
lnterStage
Matchin
lnterStage
Matchin
Switch
dcFeed
dcFeed
dcFeed
MMIC
+45Phase
-45Phase
0
dcFeed
dcFeed
dcFeed
ldc Feedand
HarmonicsTuning
-45Phase
+45Phase
0
0
ldc Feedand
HarmonicsTuning
50Ω
20-25Ω
6-10Ω
dc Block
RFln
Vctrl
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Y1 Y2
Y1 Y2
Y1 Y1Vctrl
圖 13. 示意圖的開關負載不敏感的功率放大器。該裝置周圍是改變部分關閉輸出單元。
18
S/WCNTL
VmodeBissCNTL Biss Circuits
MatchCircuit
MatchCircuit
VCC1A VCC1B
High-Power Amplifier Chain
Low-Power Amplifier Chain
MMIC
ln
MatchCircuit
DA2
DA1
PA2
PA1
VCC2A VCC2B圖 15. 示意圖並聯功率放大器19
圖 14. 測量 ACPRI 和 ACPR2 和 PAE 為低( LM )和高( hm )的功率模式在載波頻率為 1880MHz 的步階功率放大器。
圖 16. 測量增益和功率增加為低效率( PAE )和高功率模式在載波頻率為1880MHz 的電路如圖 15 所示。
20THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Future Handset PAsMultimode and Multiband
PAs
21
High Band
SPl
Low Band
DCS/PCS
WCDMA HBWCDMA HBWCDMA HB
WCDMA HB
WCDMA HBGSM/EGSM
Vdes
圖 17. 單一路徑,多模功率放大器架構。開關是用來改變不同的解調器電路
THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
Summary
22
由於功率放大器在手機使用手機電池供電操作,高 PAE 是必不可少的電池壽命。同樣重要的是對熱管理在手機上。線性是關鍵 3G 的應用或超越。此外,成本,尺寸和可靠性也非常重要的考慮因素。III - V複合技術在今天仍然佔主導地位的手機市場,由於其優越的性能,如 PAE 的,線性度和耐用性。矽 CMOS 技術是在追趕。進一步的性能改進和更新穎的設計方法都需要置換優勢的 III - V 族化合物的技術。矽材料製成的技術提供了很好的解決方案的單芯片集成。矽的 CMOS 多模 / 多頻段手工訂功率放大器可提供移動電話製造商以最低成本,最小尺寸,大多數的功能。巴勒斯坦權力機構最終可能會集成收發器和基帶芯片,以進一步縮小體積,降低成本。
圖 18.GSM 功率放大器模塊 圖 19.WCDMA 功率放大器模塊
23THIS PAPER APPEARS IN: MICROWAVE MAGAZINE,IEEE .ISSUE DATE :FEB.2010 .VOLUME :11,ISSUE:1 .ON PAGE(S):60-69 .INSPEC ACCESSION NUMBER:11148040 .DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER :10.1109/MMM.2009.935214 .DATE OF CURRENT VERSION :29 一月 2010 .SPONSORED BY :IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
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[22] T. Apel, Y. L. Tang, and O. Berger, “Switched Doherty power amplifiersfor CDMA and WCDMA,” in IEEE RFIC Symp., Dig., June2007, pp. 259–262.[23] J. Jung, U. Kim, J. Jeon, J. Kim, K. Kang, and Y. Kwon, “A new“series-type” Doherty amplifier for miniaturization,” in IEEERFIC Symp., Dig., June 2005, pp. 259–262.[24] K. Narendra, L. Anand, P. Sangaran, S. Anbalagan, and G. Boeck,“Impedance adjustment for constant efficiency power amplifierapplying stage bypass method,” in Proc. 14th IEEE Int. Conf.Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS‘07), Dec. 11–14, 2007, pp.266–269.[25] G. Zhang, S. Chang, and Z. Alon, “A high performance balancedpower amplifier and its integration into a front-end module at PCSband,” in Proc. IEEE RFIC Symp. Dig., June 2007, pp. 251–254.[26] Y. J. Jeon, H. W. Kim, H. T. Kim, G. H. Ryu, J. Y. Choi, K. Kim,S. E. Sung, and B. Oh, “A highly efficiency CDMA power amplifierbased on parallel amplification architecture,” IEEE MicrowaveWireless Compon. Lett., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 401–403, Sept. 2004. [25] http://www.google.com.tw/images?hl=zh-tw&q=1G%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&biw=1032&bih=938 [26] http://www.google.com.tw/images?um=1&hl=zh-TW&biw=1032&bih=938&tbs=isch:1&sa=1&q=2G%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai= [27] http://www.google.com.tw/images?um=1&hl=zh-TW&biw=1032&bih=938&tbs=isch:1&sa=1&q=3G%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=27
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