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Transcript of استاد راهنما: دکتر علی موقررحیمآبادی استاد مشاور: دکتر...
تایی در k بررسی و ارزیابی پوشششبکه های حسگر
Study and Evaluation ofk-Coverage in Sensor Networks
استادراهنما:دکترعلیموقررحیمآبادیاستادمشاور:دکترمحمدقدسی
مریمبوشهریان1385دیماه
2
فهرستمطالبشبکههایحسگر•پارامترهاییکشبکهیحسگر•اهدافگوناگوندرشبکههایحسگر•مسئلهیپوشش•مسائلمختلفدرپوششحسی•پوششبامصرفانرژیبهینه•الگوریتمهایارائهشدهبرایباالبردنعمرشبکه•شرایطويژهیمسئلهمصرفبهینهانرژی•روشپیشنهادیوزمانبندی•
3
شبکهیحسگرمجموعهایازتعدادبسیارزیادیحسگرباتراکم•
باالهدف:درارتباطبایکدیگریکوظیفهیحسیرا•
دریکمکانایجادکنند.
4
(1پارامترهاییکشبکهیحسگر)
ساختارشبکه•مسطح–سلسلهمراتبی–
نحوهیچینشحسگرها•تصادفی–توزیعهایمختلفآماریمانندپواسون–
مدلردیابی•
5
(2پارامترهاییکشبکهیحسگر)
ناحیهیحسی•بعدی2–بعدی3–
محدودهیارسالی•همگامیزمان•مدلخرابی•تحرکحسگرها•اطالعاتمکانی•
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اهدافگوناگوندرشبکههایحسگر
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مسئلهیپوشش
بررسیمیزاناحاطهیحسگرهابرمنطقهی•موردنظر
تعاریف:•نقطهیکور–پوششمنطقهای–پوششنقطهای–پوششحصاری–
8
مسائلمختلفدرپوششحسیتعدادحسگرهایکمینه•تاییkبررسیپوشش•تاییkدرپوششkتعیین•بعدی3پوششدرفضای•اتصالوپوشش•حرکتحسگرهابهمنظورتامینپوشش)تکییا•
k)تاییپوششبامصرفانرژیبهینه•
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پوششبامصرفانرژیبهینهچینشحسگرهامحدودیتدارد:•
هزینهبراست.–درهمهیزمانهاانجامپذیرنیست.–
چینشخیلیوقتهابهصورتمتراکمانجاممیشود.•
حسگرهامحدودیتهایزیادیدارند.•عمرمفید–محدودیتمنبعانرژی–
طوالنیکردنعمرشبکهبدونازدستدادنپوشش•مطلوب،اهمیتدارد.
10
مثال
11
مثال
12
مثال
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پوششباهدفافزایشدورهیحیاتشبکه
هدف:باالبردنطولعمریکشبکهیحسگر،با•درنظرگرفتنپوششاولیهیآن
فعال
واحد حسی فعال
گیرنده ی فعال
غیرفعال )خواب(
مراقبشنوا
کامالغیرفعال
حسکننده
خاموشیاروشنکردنواحدحسی
خاموشیاروشنکردنپردازنده
خاموشیاروشنکردنپردازنده
خاموشیاروشنکردنپردازنده
خاموشیاروشنکردنواحدحسی
خاموشیاروشنکردنگیرنده
خاموشیاروشنکردنگیرنده
خاموشیاروشنکردنواحدحسی
خاموشیاروشنکردنگیرنده
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الگوریتمهایارائهشدهبرایشبکه باالبردنعمرشبکه ویژگی
از الگوریتم اطالعفاصلهی
حسگرها بین مکان از اطالع
حسگرها تحرک همگامی یزمان
محدوده ی
حسی منطقهیحسی
تراکم باالی
حسگرهاچینش حسگرها
ساختار شبکه
یکنواخت بعدی2 یکنواخت مسطح RIS
یکنواخت بعدی2 - مسطح Sponsered
Sector
- بعدی2 - مسطح MSNL
یکنواخت بعدی2 یکنواخت مسطح LDAS
- - یکنواخت مسطح PEAS
یکنواخت بعدی2 - مسطح OGDC
یکنواخت بعدی2 - مسطح CCP
- - - مسطح ASCENT
- - یکنواخت مسطح PECAS
- - - سلسلهمراتبی LEACH
- - - سلسلهمراتبی E-LEACH
- - - سلسلهمراتبی ESS
یکنواخت بعدی2 پواسون سلسلهمرات
بی LDS
یکنواخت بعدی2 پواسون سلسلهمرات
بی BS
15
شرایطويژهیمسئلهمصرفبهینهانرژی
اجرایالگوریتمبهصورتمرکزیبسیارهزینهبر•ودرمواردیغیرممکناست.
واحدهایپردازش)حسگرها(ضعیفهستند:•پردازنده–حافظه–انرژی–بردانتقالاطالعات–
-NPبسیاریازمسائلمطرحدراینزمینه•Complete.هستند
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روشپیشنهادیدرصورتامکان،ارائهییکالگوریتمبهینهیا•
تاییباهدفkنزدیکبهبهینهدرزمینهیپوششافزایشدورهیحیاتشبکه
پیادهسازیالگوریتموشبیهسازیآن•NS-2استفادهازابزارهایشبیهسازیشبکهمانند–
پیادهسازیالگوریتمبهصورتمستقیمباکمک–زبانهایبرنامهسازی
مقایسهینتایجباکارهایمرتبط•
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زمانبندیموردنظر
دی بهمن اسفند فروردین
اردیبهشت
خرداد تیر مرداد
بررسیمقاالتوشدهکارهایانجام
نوشتنپایاننامهودفاع
ارائهیکروشبهینهیانزدیکبهبهینهوپیادهسازیآن
18
منابعاصلی1. S. Kumar, T. H. Lai, J. Balogh, “On K-Coverage in a Mostly Sleeping Sensor Network,” in
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5. F. Ye, G. Zhong, J. Cheng, S. Lu, L. Zhang, “Peas: A Robust Energy Conserving Protocol for Long-lived Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS ’03), pp. 28–37, 2003.
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7. X. Wang, G. Xing, Y. Zhang, C. Lu, R. Pless, C. Gill, “Integrated Coverage and Connectivity Configuration in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys ’03), pp. 28–39, 2003.
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منابعاصلی9. C. Gui, P. Mohapatra, “Power Conservation and Quality of Surveillance in Target Tracking
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منابعدیگر)ادامه(1. A. Boukerche, X. Fei, “Coverage Protocols For Detecting Fully Sponsored Sensors In Wireless Sensor Networks,”
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6. B. Chen, K. Jamieson, H. Balakrishnan, R. Morris, “Span: An Energy-efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad hoc Wireless Networks,” Wireless Networks, vol. 8(5), pp. 481–494, Sep. 2002.
7. B. Liu, P. Brass, O. Dousse, P. Nain, D. Towsley, “Mobility Improves Coverage of Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking and Computing, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, pp. 300-308. 2005.
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9. C. Trefftz, J. Szakas, “Parallel Algorithms to Find the Voronoi Diagram and the Order-k Voronoi Diagram,” in Proceedings of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 4 pp., Apr. 2003.
21
منابعدیگر)ادامه(10. D. Lee, “On k-Nearest Neighbor Voronoi Diagrams in the Plane,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. c-31(6),
pp. 478-487, Jun. 1982.11. D. Tian and N. D. Georganas, “A Coverage-Preserving Node Scheduling Scheme for Large Wireless Sensor
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12. E. Onur, C. Ersoy, H. Delic, “Finding Sensing Coverage and Breach Paths in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE 12th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, pp. 692-695, Apr. 2004.
13. F. Ye, G. Zhong, J. Cheng, S. Lu, L. Zhang, “Peas: A Robust Energy Conserving Protocol for Long-lived Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’03), pp. 28–37, 2003.
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15. G. Wang, G. Cao, T. L. Porta, “Movement-Assisted Sensor Deployment,” the 23rd AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM'04), vol. 4, pp. 2469-2479, Mar. 2004.
16. G. Xing, C. Lu, R. Pless, and J. A. O’Sullivan, “Co-Grid: an Efficient Coverage Maintenance Protocol for Distributed Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of IPSN’04, Berkeley, California, USA, Apr. 2004.
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18. H. Gupta, Z. Zhou, S. R. Das, Q. Gu, “Connected Sensor Cover: Self-Organization of Sensor Networks for Efficient Query Execution,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 14(1), Feb. 2006.
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22
منابعدیگر)ادامه(20. H. Zhang, J. C. Hou, “Maintaining Sensing Coverage and Connectivity in Large Sensor Networks,” in
Proceedings of NSF International Workshop on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks, invited paper, 2004.
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23
منابعدیگر)ادامه(30. M. I. Shamos, D. Hoey, "Closest-Point Problems," in Proceedings of 16th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of
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44. S. Megerian, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak, M. B. Srivastava, “Worst and Best-Case Coverage in Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Comptuing, vol. 4(1), pp. 84-92, Jan./Feb. 2005.
45. S. Meguerdichian, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak, and S. M., “Coverage Problems in Wireless Ad-hoc Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM’01, Apr. 2001.
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47. S. Yang, F. Dai, M. Cardei, J. Wu, “On Multiple Point Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS’05), Washington, Washington D.C., USA, 8 pp., Nov. 2005.
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50. X. Y. Li, P. J. Wan, O. Frieder, “Coverage in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 52(6), Jun. 2003.
25
منابعدیگر)ادامه(51. Y. Huang and Y. Tseng, “The Coverage Problem in a Wireless Sensor Network,” in Proceedings ACM
International Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, San Diego, California, USA, Sep. 2003.52. Y. Zou, K. Chakrabarty, “Sensor Deployment and Target Localization based on Virtual Forces,” IEEE 22nd Annual
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