بسمه تعالی
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Navigation
: 86415173394
:
90
ADFADF(Automatic direction finder)
ADF
ADF
ADF . ADF :
ADF
.
(Non Directional Beacons) NDB
(BEACON) ( ) ADF ADF ( (LOOP .
LOOP
. LOOP
. LOOP
Sense .
ADF LOOP
.
LOOP .
LOOP
. (Fixed
Loop) .
ADF
ADF
ADF
1- (Quadrantal Error)
NDB
. LOOP
.
ADF
2-
. ADF UHF
.3-
(Refraction) .
ADF
4-
LOOP .5-
:
180 .6-
ADF
ADF
7- NDB
. ADF
ADF NDB .
.
VOR
ADF
VORVOR(Very high frequency Omnidirectional Range)
1949 VOR .
.
VOR VHF 108MHZ 118MHZ
. 50KHZ .
200 160 VOR 40
ILS .
VOR
VOR
( )
45 45 .
.
VHF
.
VOR
VOR
. VOR V
. VOR 5 .
VOR
VOR
DVORDVOR(Doppler VOR) VOR .
.
VOR .
DVOR VOR
.DVOR 30HZ
+-480HZ 8
VOR
DVOR
GPS GPS(global positioning system)
1960 .
GPS . GPS
.
. GPS
)
21 3
. 6 55
. ( ) 4.5
.
7.2 .
: NAVSTAR :
INTERNATIONAL : RACKWELL
20183KM :
: 860KG
: 7.2
: 12
: 55
GPS
GPS
)
5 . :
GPS
GPS :
:
.
:
.
:
. :
.
():
.
-
-
-
-
GLONASS
GLONASS(Global Navigation Satellite System)
GLONASS GPS . 24 19100 . 11 15 . 64.8 . GLONASS .
GLONASS
GLONASS
GPS GLONASS
GPS GLONASS