سحر التصوير
of 89
-
Upload
hasan-sarakbe -
Category
Documents
-
view
185 -
download
11
description
The image
Transcript of سحر التصوير
-
- . -
-
- . -
: -
:
:
: -
.
.
.
.
-
- . -
/ S.P.R.F
/
.
.
.
.
.
/ S.P.R.F
-
- . -
:-
.
.
)
) (
)(.
)
()(
.
-
- . -
)
()(
)(.
) ()(
.
)( :
- :
- .
- .
- .
- :
- .
- .
- .
- .
)(:
- .
- .
-
.
- .
-
- . -
- )(
.
.
) (
) (
)( ) latigiD
) (
)( )
) (
(
)
()(
:
)( :
- .
- .
- .
:
- .
- .
-
- . -
.
.
.
)(
.
:
) otohP ( .
) hparG ( .
) ( ) (
..
.
.
-
- . -
.
.
.
)
aremaC(.
:
.
)(*
)evitageN(
)
)
evitisoP(
.
) (
)
) (
)
) (
) (
)
) (
)
()(.
()
-
- . -
) ()(.
:
- :
.
.
- :
.
- :
.
)
)ycneuqerF( )htgneL evaW(
()(.
)(
.
)erutrepA(
) lipuP( .
-
- . -
)egamI lausiV(
)
yromem mret trohs (( ) (
yromem mret gnoL((
)tuptuo(
)sesnopser(
) erawtfos (
GEPJ(( )CDCA ( gnigamI ( ( )tniaP(
))retnirP yromem mret gnoL( (
.
@@@@@@
)sdoR( )senoC(
)ebol lacitpo( )(
)
)msaihc citpo(
)evreN citpo( .
@@@@@
) (
.
)(
erutrepA erutrepA erutrepA )(
rettuA )(
-
- . -
)(
.
:
-
-
-
- .
.
)
( ) (
)
( ) (
)
)
(
)serutcip noitom(
)
) (
) ( ) (
( )
) ( )
)
.
.
-
- . -
.
)( MOOZ
)(
)M ( ) M ( ) M ( ) M (
.
)DH(
) (
)REYALP( )REDROCER( )TCEFFE LICEPS(
)M07( )M53( )M61(
-
- . -
.
)SGNIR FO DROL(
.
...
YNOS( )DH - NOITNEFFID iH ) YNOS( )DH - NOITNEFFID iH ) YNOS( )DH - NOITNEFFID iH(
.
)LATIGID YBLOD ( )STD- DNUOS RETAEHT LATIGID()SDDS- DNUOS CIMANID ATIGID YNOS (
)M07( )M53(
.
.
.
.
)rexiM(
.
-
- . -
)rexiM(
)etinu lortnoc aremaC( )U.C.C(
)rexiM( )kcabklaT(
)rexiM(
)srotinoM(
.
)rotarpo aremaC(
)ecnalab etihW( )retliF(
.
)noitnefeD hgiH( .
.
- .
-
.
-
.
)naP(
) ()(
-
- . -
)
()( )
()(
otohP latigiD otohP latigiD otohP latigiD
.
.
:
- .
- .
- .
@@@@
)& rettuhS
)
erutrepA ( ) hsa (
.
)redn weiV(
)dopirT( )erutrepA(
-
- . -
)niarg(
)tamroF( )csiD yppolF(
)csiD tcapmoC( )maR hsalF( )krow teN(
)tenretnI(
.
)etinu rossecorP lartneC( )U.P.C(
)xaM snoitnemiD(
)erawtfoS( )leroC(
)pohSotohP( )CDCA( )gnigamI( )tniap( )tnioPrewoP(
)()(
.
)rossecorP( )rossecorP(
)retem thgiL( )retem erusopxE(
)rettuhS( )erutrepA(
.
)yalpsiD latsyrc diuqiL( )D.C.L( ) (
)diuqiL( )latsyrC( )yalpsiD(
)ecioV(.
)redn weiv( )D.C.L(
)DCL(
.
-
- . -
)lleC( )rosneS( )tamroF(
)rossecorP( )snoitpO(
)uneM( )uneM(
.
)latigiD(
)pohSotohP(
)leroC( )CDCA( )tnioPrewoP( )tniaP( )aidemitlum( )tnemniatretnE(.
)retupmoC(
)GEPJ( )FIG( )PMB( )GNP( )XCP( )AGT( )FFIT(
)tamroF(
.
:
* sneL.
-
- . -
* hsalF.
* .
* ) dopirT(.
*
)enohporciM(
.
* enohporciM ) (.
*
)(.
* )launam / otuA sucoF(.
*
.
* .
* .
* ni CD
.
* )DCL( )DCL(
.
* )emuloV+/-(.
* )llitS/yalP/eivoM(
)yalP( )llitS( )eivoM( .
* )sucoF(
.
*
)thgil kcaB DCL( )thgirB DCL(
.
* )erusopxE citamotuA margorP(
)erusopxE citamotuA margorP(
-
- . -
)latigiD(
)rettuhS( )erutrepA(
) )nonaC
)EA-/margorP( )nonaC( )VA( )soE( )FnokiN( )DX atloniM(
.
:
-
.
- .
-
.
- .
-
)(
-
)(
-
.
* )( )( )(
)ksiD yppolF( )maR hsalF(
)VD( )kcits yromeM( .
* )tcejE ksiD( )tcejE(.
* )rewoP(
.
* )latigiD(
.
* )yalpsiD(
.
- EA )erusopxE citamotuA(.
- .
- .
-
- . -
- / .
- .
- / .
- EA margorP / .
- )ecnalab etihW(.
- .
- VE.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- / .
- .
- .
.
)gnipoleveD(
)gnixiF( )evitageN( )( )evitisoP(
)DCL(.
)wohs ataD( )krowteN(
)liam cinortcelE(
.
)erusopxE( )gnisucoF(
)evitisneS( )deeps rettuhS(
)hsalF( )erutrepA( )noitazinorhcnyS(
-
- . -
.
)erutrepA( )sneL( )deeps rettuhS(
)sucoF(
)rossecorP(
) noitacinU ( )noitasilamrofinU (
)noitazilabolG( )
(
:
- )eivoM , llitS & yalP(.
- .
- .
:
)ezis egamI(
)llits(
)ELIF( )EZIS EGAMI( )EZIS EGAMI(
:
.
.
)ezis egamI(
)
(
-
- . -
)ezis egamI(
)I.P.D( )etoD( )reP( )hcnI( )(
.
)ezis egamI(
)
(
ASA)(
ASA)(
ASA)(
.
)rennacs(
)rennacs(
)ypocotohp(
)rennacs(
)rennacs( .
)rennacs(
)rennacs(
)rennacs(
)gnizylanA(
.
)rennacs(
)krow teN( )tenretnI(
)latigiD(
-
- . -
)rennacs(
)rotinoM(
)csiD yppolF( )csiD tcapmoC( )mar hsalF(
)(
)snoitpo(
)IPD(
)noituloseR( )evitisoP( )evitagen(
)etatoR( )rorriM(
)rennacs(
)noituloseR(
)noituloseR( )IPD( .
.
.
)tnof(
)(
-
- . -
.
)
retnirP resU( ) resU( ) resU( )
rennacs( )retnirP (
.
)RESAL( )noisnemid eerhT(
) snoisnemid owT(
) rennacs( )snoisnemid owT( .
) rossecorp(
)cihparg nocilis(
)tlaboc( )cihparg nocilis(
)cihparg nocilis(
)noitamina cihparg(
.
)daeh( )( skcarT )skcarT(
.
-
- . -
)saremac ro srosnes(
)revres(
)revres(
) noitats yalp(
.
.
.
:
*
*
:
-
.
-
-
- . -
.
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
)noitalumiS(
)snoisnemiD( )ytilaer lautriV(
)noitalumiS(
.
-
)ytilaer lautriV(
)noitalumiS(
.
-
-
- . -
)erraJ lehciM naeJ(
.
.
.
.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
.
.
.
-
- . -
)rednweiv (
.
:-
- :
)rotarepo aremac (
.
.. .
) ( )hguone ton si dlrow ehT ( )yaD rehtona eiD (
.
-
-
- . -
) (
.
- :- - :- - :-
.
-
- . -
.
)reweiv ( )redn weiv (
)gnisucof(
.
)redips loopS ( )( )enarc (
)enohporcim mooB (
)(
.
.
) (
)
.
()(
.
. :
-
- . -
.
)noitalumiS
( )noitamina cihparG ( )-snoisnemiD (
)cihparG nociliS ( latniuq ((
)yad ecnednepednI ( )rotanimreT( )seraw rats(
) (
)rotanimreT (
)sgniR fo droL ( )scihparG nociliS (
)rotanimreT (
)noitcaf ecneics ( )sgniR fo droL( )ysatnaF (
.
)tohs pu esolc (
)pu esolc (
)tohs muidem ( )tohs pu esolc muidem (
)mooz (.
-
- . -
..
)noitcA eR (
)(
)tohs pu esolc giB (.
.
.
emertxE E
giB B
pu esolc C
tohS S
muideM M
gnoL L
naciremA A
yreV V
-tohs pu esolc gib emertxE = S.PU.C.B.E
-tohs pu esolc giB = S .PU.C .B.
-tohs pu esolC = S.PU.C
-tohs pu esolc muideM = S.PU.C.M)(
-tohs muideM = S.M.
-tohs naciremA = S.A.
-tohs gnol = S.L.
-tohs gnol yreV = S.L.V.
- )tohs gnoL (
-
- . -
.
)level eyE(
.
)xirtaM(
)( )weiv eyE sdriB(
)tohs retpocileH(
)resarE( )hguonE ton si dlrow ehT( )slegnA seilrahC(
)sgnir fo droL( )nam redips( )syoB daB( )eyE nedloG( )yort(
.
@@@@ elgna hgih
)emertxE
elgna woL( )tnorF(
)dnuorgkcaB(
)
()(.
@@@@@@
)enarc(
) (
-
- . -
)(
.
@@@
) (
)enarc(
))enarc
)enarc(
)enarc(
.
)(:
* level elgna hgiH
* level eyE
* level elgna woL
:
- level weiv eye sdriB.
- level elgna hgiH emertxE.
- level elgna hgiH.
- level eyE.
- level elgna woL.
- level elgna wol emertxE.
-
- . -
.
.
) tcejbo (
.
-
- . -
.
.
)(
.
.
.
.
-
- . -
)S.B.C( )C.B.B( ) ( )( )NNC( ) (
.
.
) PA(
.
)PA(
-
- . -
)NNC( )SBC( ) (
.
.
.
:-
* :
.
.
-
- . -
.
) sehsuR(
.
* :
.
-
- . -
.
* :
.
.
* :
.
* :
-
- . -
)evitcA(
)
()(.
* :
)ylppus rewop( )enohporcim(
.
.
)
()(
.
-
- . -
* : )sserp
retnec (
(
(
.
)(.
)tropssap(
-
- . -
)asiV(
.
* :
.
.
.
.
) (
.
* :
-
- . -
.
.
.
.
.
-
- . -
.
.
.
.
)
()(
-
- . -
.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
)erreuqoD - ecpeiN(
)( )nnamppiL leirbaG (
.
llewxaM krelC semaJ
.
.
+ + )aremaC roloC rorriM elbuoD (.
)( )sevI kcirederF(
. )(
)yloJ nhoJ renilbuD(
.
)( semorhC otuA
)(
)roloC yafuD(
.
.
)( )(
-
- . -
.
.
.
aremaC xoB aremaC swolleB
saremaC sesneL elbaegnahcretnI .
rettuhS
.
.
)gnisucoF(
.
.
)(
.
.
.
-
- . -
SESNEL
)( )onadroG(
)
)
.
)( )notsolaW(
)( )reilavehC( )(
)evitisoP( )evitageN(
.
)-(
)lavzteP.J( )(
.
)nogadzreoG( )(
)(
)nattuS samoT(
)( .
)( )ebolG(
)reztinhcsS nosirraH( )( . )(
)R.R( )( )( .
. )rolyaT.D.H( )ekooC(
)amaC( )(
.
)otohpeleT( )elgnA ediW(
)sesnel tamgitsnA( .
:
)retemaiD fo woL(.
)sesneL otohpeleT(
-
- . -
)4191( )ssieZ(
)reyemllaD( )2F( )7.1F( )53(
)4.0 F(.
.
)saremaC erutainiM ( .
)dopirT(
)sucof fo tuO(.
.
.
.
.
)sesneL elgnA ediW (
.
)( )ediW repuS
elgnA( )sneL eye hsiF(
.
) snel muidem( )lamron(
) ( ) (
.
)sesneL mooZ(
)( )(
.
)( )snikpoH( .
-
- . -
)mooz hcuot enO(.
YROTSIH AREMAC
arucsbO aremaC ehT
)(.
)( )(
nocaB regoR
.
)( onadraG
. ssalg nworC .
)( orabraB lainaD )( itnaD
.
)(
mrutS nnahoJ )(.
.
ssalg dnuoarg .
aloS olegnA
)( . )( ezluhcS nnhoJ
(
( . ) (
( . )
leehcS lraC
.
)soogdeW samoT(
.
)( ecpeiN erohpeciN hpesoJ
.
semiT
-
- . -
.
)(
.
)(
)(
.
)( )toblatxoF yrneh malliW (
doogdeW ssamoT
evitageN
) (
.
lehcsreH nhoJ riS yhpargotohP
gniwarD cinegotohP evitageN
evitageN
evitisoP
.
)( )sepytolaC( )sepytoblaT(.
)sepytolaC(
)drarvE-trauq nalB siuoL(
)etalP nemublA(.
sepytolG
)( )rotciV tniaS eD ecpeiN(
!
)
!
)
.
.
)erreuqaD siuoL( )(
)reilavehC selrahC dna tnecniV (
)notsalloW( )(
)ecpeiN( )(
)(.
.
-
- . -
. )(
)( .
)-(
.
)( )rehcrA ttocS kcirderF(
)noidolloC( )(
. )(
)etalP teW(.
)( )ttenneB selrahC(
/
)dopirT(
.
)(
)kadoK(
)
( )(
)( .
)( )dlefirD dna retruH(
.
)legoV namreH( )(
. )citamorcohtrO(.
( : )citamorhcnaP(.
. )
( : )
. )
)
)P.O.P( )srepaP tuO gnitnirP(
.
)repaP thgilsaG(.
)( drawdooW divaD
.
-
- . -
sneL citamgitsanA .
mailliW
silliW )(
)( .
) (.
saremaC erutainiM
)2F(.
acieL )( )(
)( / kanaraB raksO
.
aremaC evitceteD
nomolaS hcirE .
sregraluC )niarg-eniF(
)( .
)(
.
)(
)(.
)( . . ).dloraH .rD
notregdE .E( )/(
)epocsobortS(
.
)(
) /(
)hpargoropavE( )AVE(
.
)( .
.
-
- . -
)(
.
.
)-( .
)(
. )-( .
)( )(
.
SNOITROTSID LACITPO
)evitageN(
)(
.
.
.
:
: ) noitarreba lacirehpS ( :
: )noitarrebA citamorhC ( :
.
: ) amoC ( :
-
- . -
.
: )dleiF fo erutavruC ( :
.
)noitrotsid derraB (
)noitrotsid noihsuC-niP (
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
) (
)sneL evitisoP ( )sneL evitageN (
.
.
)gnittengiV (
)rewoP gnirevoC (
)(
-
- . -
)( )F( )F(
)( )(.
) oN.F( :
:
. )
( ----------- f f )
(.
)dnuopmoC (
)oN.F (
)n noissimsnarT( )oN.T(
.
. .
.
.
.
)(.
GNITSET SNEL
.
.
-
- . -
:
:
) (
) amoC(.
)ksid thgiL( )noisufnoc fo edriC(
)(
)f( )(
.
:
.
.
)erutrepA evitaleR( )f.( )f(
.
.
.
)( . )(
)( / )( / .
)M(.
-
- . -
weiV fo elgnA :
.
.
sesneL yratnemelppuS :
.
. )sesneL yratnemelppuS .SOP(:
( .
( .
( )
( )
)
)sucof dexiF(
) (
.
)RLS(
.
. )sesneL yratnemelppuS .geN(:
.
.
.
.
-
- . -
)DOOH SNEL( :
.
)egami tsohg( .
.
.
.
)paC sneL( :
. )rettuhS(
.
.
.
.
.
)sredn weiV( :
:
. )redn emarF( :
.
) xallarap(
)( .
. )rednweiV adablA( :
-
- . -
.
. )rednweiv lacitpo tceriD( :
)notueN(
)xallaraP(.
. )redniF weiV xeeR tnaillirB( :
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.
)(
.
)(
.
RETTUHS :
.
:
-
- . -
. rettuhs mgarhpaiD .
. rettuhS enalP lacoF .
)erutainiM(
.
.
.
B / - /
/-/-/-/-/-/-/... .
mgarhpaiD ehT :
)sirI(
.
.
)esuoh retaW( )(
.
.
:
. .
. .
)f(
:
)oN .f( =
.
:
- -
-
- . -
) ( )4.1f(
)6.1f( )8f( )9f( )46f( )27f(
/ f
/ f
.
8f )23( )4.1f( .
)2f(
2f
5.3f 5.3f.
4.0 8.0 2f 8.1f 7.1 f 5.1f
.
)metsys mrofinU( )ON.S.U( )1( )4( )2(
)6.5F( 4 )8F( .
)kadoK(
.
)ON.T(
.
gnisucoF :
)( .
.
)xallaraP(
-
- . -
)redn egnaR(
.
sreteM erusopxE ehT
.
)erusopxe rednu(
.
.
)
( )reteM erusopxE cirtcelE otohP (
)orciM
reteM erepmA (
.
.
:
. aremaC xoB :
.
)(
-
- . -
.
)1/52( )T(
)11F( )01(
.
.
)(.
. aremaC gnidloF :
/-/ .
.
. aremaC dnats no dnaH:
.
.
.
)( )/(
.
)cihparg deepS(
)foh niL(
.
.
.
-
- . -
/ /
.
. aremaC xelteR sneL niwT
)(
.
.
.
)(
.
.
)
xallaraP (
.
.
)/( )T( )B(
.
. aremac xeer snel elgniS
)(
)sesnel lbae gnahcretnI(
)kadok(
)aremaC erutainiM(
.
-
- . -
)(
.
yhpargotohP thgiL hsalF
/
.
.
)(
)oN .ediuG( )oN.G.( :
=
)(
:
=
)talF(
.
.
.
)thgiL hsalF cipocsobortS (.
)B (
.
)hsalF orciM(.
.
-
- . -
.
.
sretliF
.
)hciwdnas ssalg nitaleG(
.
.
:
. )sretliF noitcerroC(
)(
.
. )srettiF tsartnoC(
.
.
.
. )sretliF gninalaP(.
. )sretliF gnitsnepmoC ruoloC(.
)diuqiL
sretliF( ) (
.
)(
.
)rotcaF retliF(
:
-
- . -
- - - - -
...
-
- . -
thgiL yaD ehT
.
/ )(
)( .
.
)( )(
.
.
.
.
.
.
)
!(.
.
.
)retl.V.U(
.
-
- . -
- :) tiartroP(
)
snoitisop (
.
.
)tiartrop(
) rednweiv(
)
(
(
) rednweiv
)EPOCSDNAL(
)
(
) (
)
.
.
.
-
- . -
.
) ASA( ASA( ASA )( )( ) ( )sucof(
.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
.
- .
- .
- .
)(
.
.
.
-
- . -
:-
- )ecaf ralugnairT(
)gnithgil prahS( )yek woL(.
)ecaf lluf( )elorp(
.
- :
)ecaf lluf( )elorp(
.
- )ecaf erauqS( :
) ( ) (
.
/
.
- :
.
- :-
-
- . -
)aremac elgna woL(
)ecaf retrauq eerhT(
)(.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
-
- . -
:
.
(
(
) sucof fo tuo
.
.
.
-
- . -
:
.
.
) (
)elorp(
)
)
.
)ylecaeps fo htpeD( )dle fo htpeD()(
)(
.
)
( ) ) (
) (
( ) ) (
) (
( ) ) (
()(.
.
) ecaps fo htpeD ( )(
-
- . -
.
)tnorf(
)tnorf( )laidem( )dnuorgkcaB(
(
(
)nisucof( )sucof fo tuo
)snel otohpelet( )muidem
snel( )( )( )(
.
.
)3 snoisnemiD(
-
- . -
.
-
- . -
:-
)()(
)sretliF(
)resuffiD( )srotceeR(
.
)
()(
)
)
)(
)(.
) )(
)(
)hsalF(
)allerbmU(
)K(
)thgilyaD( )nosra( )roineS()(
( )
( )
-
- . -
)(.
:
-
:-
.
)noitisop (
..
.
)(
)rednweiv(
.
)reweiv(
.
-
- . -
)erusopxE (
)serusopxe rednu ro erusopxE revo (
)
.
.
)noitisoP(
-
- . -
.
!
.
.
.
.
)dnuorgkcab(.
.
. .
.
.
)srotceeR(
.
. .
.
!
!
.
.
-
- . -
:
! !
-
- . -
sepacs dnaL :
.
!
.
.
.
.
.
.
. / /
.
.
)( .
yhpargotohP thgiN :
)51( )6.5f(
-
- . -
.
.
.
.
.
)F( )F(
)f(.
yhpargotohP larutcetihcrA :
.
.
.
.
margotohP :
-
- . -
.
) )doowgdeW
)toblaT(
)evitisoP( .
.
)regralne(
... .
hpargoisyhP :
.
.
.
)11f( )01f(
.
)v( .
.
.
.
yhpargotohP D3 :
)yhparg otohP cipocsoeretS( soerets , sopocs
)enotstaeW(
.
)ecnatsid yrallipupretni(.
-
- . -
.
)(
)xallaraP(
)xallarap cipocs oerets(.
.
)cipocS oeretS
reweiV( .
)( )erutainiM(
.
)( )edilS oeretS( )(
)( .
)(
.
)( )toillE.A.F(
. )(
)enotstaeW( )(
.
:
. :
)( )(
.
. :
)( )( ):(
)( )( .
.
. :
)(
-
- . -
.
. :
)( .
)( .
.
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.
)(
)RESAL( noitaidaR fo noissimE detalumitS yb noitacilpmA thgiL )
(.
.
.
-
- . -
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
- .
.
- .
.
- , ,.
- .
.
- .
.
.
- .
- .
- .
. .
-
- . -
.
.
. ( )
-
.
Maveca ()
1. Advanced Photography Andreas Feininger.
2. Photo Techinque. H.J.Walls.
3. 35 mm Photo Technique. H.S.Newcombe.
4. The Lecca Way Andrew Matheson.
5. All About Filters C.I.Jacobson.
6. Light for Photography Walter Nurnber
7. Lasers and their Application. M.J.Beesley.
8. Ritsko ( Aian.j ) Lighting for location motion pictures , USA. 1979 P.8.
9. The history of photography Gernsheim helmut.
10. Engineering Optics Habell. K.J.
11. The English Cathedrals Herbert Felton.
12. Faces Before my Camera. Moath. Addf.
13. Physiograms Smith , Leonard.
14. All About Partraits. Wadenoyen , Hugo.
15. All About Partraits. Wadenoyen , Hugo.
16. The History of Photography Beaumont Newhall.
17. The History of Photography. The focal Encyclopedia.
