-FLL/PHDURD/F-

2

'' : () : () ' ' :Textual criticism,the technique of restoringtexts as nearly as possible to their original form. () () :Study of manuscripts: the study of a group of manuscripts, especially of the Bible or works of literature, in order to determine which the original or most authentic one is. Literary analysis: the critical study of a work of literature involving a detailed analysis of the way in which it was written, e.g. its context, use of language, and principal themes. ()

:textual criticism A branch of scholarship which is devoted to the studyand analysis of extant texts in order to determine authorship andAuthenticity and, where there is a multiplicity of texts of one work, toDetermine which one is the 'best' or the original'. () ( ) :Textual criticism, a branch of literary scholarship that attempts toEstablish the most accurate version of a written work by comparing allExisting manuscript and/or printed versions so astore construct fromThem the author's intention, eliminating copyists' and printers' errorsAnd any corrupt in. () ' ' : () () ' Textual criticism' 'Higher criticism' : : () : "" () : () '' '' ' ' : Companion to classical text (Oxford, 1913) 80 () : () '' '' : () ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' () : ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' () () : () : : ()

() : 1967 17() : 1967 19()http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/589489/textual-criticism.()Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.() Baldick, Chris, oxford concise dictionary of literary terms, oxford university press, 2001.() 2007 397() 2007 397() : 2009 131() : 2009 143() 2007 399() 2007 400() : 2009 143() 2012 32() : 2012 10() : 2009 199))http://fridayspecial.com.pk/17786 .() : 2011 86