1

(. . )

1

50,000 2 2 50,000 1. 2. 3.

2

-

""

Information Technology Information Technology

3

. --

Technology

Technology Technology

"" Faculty

4

- -

6 "" 6

"" 3

5

6

-

"" ""

"" "" "" "" "" ""

7

()

8

1 2 4 - 99

50 -50 70 % 30 %

""

()

9

--

..

10

-

11

..

child-centered education

? catalyst

12

Information

Information

--

13

""

14

" "

"-"

() ()

15

emotion

emotion "" negative emotions

"" "" positive emotions emotions emotion

"" "" "" ( "" ) positive emotions "" "" "" ""

16

4

17

18

"" ""

()

()

()

19

20

. . ()

-

21

" " " " " "

22

. --

- ""

23

-

""

24

()

-

25

"" "" ( ) ""

26

()

""

?

27

-- - -

model

( "" )

separate from nature ()

Where did our attitudes toward nature come from? Most historians exploring that question have been primarily interested in the origin of the view that humans are "apart from and above nature" and "here to dominate it."

()

Daniel D. Chiras, Environmental Science: Action for a Sustainable Future

(Redwood City, Calif.: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1991), p. 456.

28

"" "environment" "surroundings" nature ()

conquest of nature (); mastery of nature/mastery over nature (); dominion over nature ()

A Green History of the World (Ren Descartes) (Francis Bacon) Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (New York: St. Martin's

Press, 1991), xiv + 432 pp.

29

Francis Bacon, 1561-1626; Ren Descartes,

1596-1650 ('them' ); M.N. Pokrovskiy, 1931 ( A Green History of the World, pp. 148, 158 )

Nature being known, it may be master'd, managed, and used in the services of human life.

we can employ them in all those uses to which they are adapted, and thus render ourselves the masters and possessors of nature.

It is easy to see that in future, when science and technique have attained to a perfection which as yet we are unable to visualise, nature will become soft wax in his [man's] hands which he will be able to cast into whatever form he chooses.

(mastery over nature) (science) (technology) (industry) (prosperous economy/economic prosperity)

30

Environmental Science Environmental Ethic

restraint negative

31

environmentally friendly

man-centered

frontier mentality frontier

32

""

) ) ) )

" "

33

( )

at a given moment [ ] () () ( )

[ ]

34

() () Earth Summit (1972 1992)

(Liberty) (Equality, ) (Fraternity) Fraternity

equality liberty (Individualism )

35

( human development )

36

37

38

-

- Information Information Information Information Information

Information Information

-

Information

39

-

40

(hijab) % (secular state) (..1999) .. 1985

- -

""

41

child-centered education

-

-

42

()

()

43

"" ""

44

.

. --

45

- "" "" "" "" "" ""

"" prefix "" ""

46

Information Data Data Information ""

- - -

.

47

.

( )

.

( )

48

3 - . . . .