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odD u? V( sJ U?B??H b?u? Wd?H s d???K? d?

c UD u? tLO?L w V(U? UBH Wd?G WN?u* q_

pu????? vK? qOb? b????I? pS???? w?DF 5? X U?????F????H q?F????

w u?Lu?? U?H?F?C 5 v?K pu?B? pzd? pb?I?

vM UDF ud?F Uu_ b$ UU?O{ UbI d?I UDF

U?????? sJ V?N `M1 i?O??H u?? pK1 V(U?? b?e d

t b??I???U?? sL Q t??OK uK?B? V?( s e?U??F U??

qb U* UM? s d?O?? b??I??F?O? d??

d??A U?? W?FK

`C? rNzUL? UM nu? d?A tub???O W?HU?F VK

WOU W ULM w p

Love Buyer V( dA U? WU w uKU?H V( s eUF d?_ U U dO?

ULM? s b w p b? U*U V( d?A sd l WO?U

bze? qOb??? charity W???b???B Prostitution U???G??? w W???O???uK?W?UO? w v? WeU e W?? 5M' 5 W?F U?H

b l WO?d dO W?OM W dH? rOI UG wH U?U w

d W?b??B w U* s mK? q?U?I? sU??Q? d?U? w UU??G?

rN????( U???K UM s? d??I??H vK? rNu??Q u??b??B??? 5I??UM?* iF

v dI? sb s lb fO sd s V( U? e

rN?M0 U?L?NU?H? bu qb b?I? U?H_ qOb v W???MU U? tK

Q bu? d??F??A U??bM W??U?? V?( d?? q s u??IM? Ub??N

V??M b U?H?_ V W?O??K UU??& U?Lu?? U?H_ U?U?&

UOA UO

44

U* WO$u3uJO'

5M' 5 W?F w u `{ w U*U V( d? `C

U??N???D bd w? d* UE XH U?? c q?d 5 W?U??

V U?? tU? s XFM9 t?K?I? r S? UN? e bd w

t nO? UM d U?N dNEO? V( c d?A U* v Q?'

c k U?M U? d?O??? W?d W??OU?d qzU?? s d?O??? pK1

WDK Ud b bI 5 WOKI Wb UFL: w uLM

u qd t u?I U? S WK?O?I w U?O?H b?S e

tzd vK b U?2 Ud?O? dd?( WC?H? Vc s Ub d?F

WOU* tb

U?F 5?e 5 W?F w U*U V?( d u/ b?$ U? d?O?

iF od s t?? w{d W?OB??A nO?F?{ d e U? U?

UM v??? Ub??N u???_ s U??C??F U??N???M0 Vc s? wK(

u V( VJ? WuMF* VOU??_ dD 5{d U?e s U??C?F

vK? u????I U?b qJ? w p? U???? u???? U* s ?b 5?{d

? s? tu? U??N? V V?J W?e U??% b? p s? fJF

eU U?N?? Ud_ s? We XU? W?U? U t?M9 c U*

wL??OKF??? wU??L???? u????* s YO?? s W????UJ?? d??O?? W????

wU??L?? u????? e s UM d??? W??e XU? S?? wU?I??

UF U?% VUG w UNS? UNe WU?I*U iHM wU?I wLOKF

U* tM s eU WF

UN? s dH U w d?_ WOuK U/_ s d?OJ UM

Wb W?U? UN?UJQ UU? w U?b$ U*U s?d V d??A

ld W??d?? u??uU WU??N 5??d* iF W??KB* u??_ d?? s

UHM e UN ud uK w UC Ub$ u_

Love seller V( lzU U???L??? ??? V(U b???F U??? U???Lz U?M s W?????? w

U* vK u?B( qU?I WU? UOR?* U?_ qL? dUE

dUE? rNM?J wb??F l?UD U??N??O?K VKG? sd??U rN???????

45

w?HM3 qOK=:3 W7dE5

WU? w sd U rO?C v b?LF U U?Lz V( u*U

5IUM* b u?LM c k U dO? ru WOdJ U?H

b?O??? wu??u nu* b? `U?B* U??? 5KK?N* 5zd*

WU?B??? rN?U?J* sd? u?d??? sc p U?* WDK

V( u?F?O? rN V(U U* d??A rN? U? s tuJK1 U?

U* vK uBK

The love stealer V( U rNU??H d?F??A wJ rNu??? rN_ U* r?NU?H U `?M1 b?

b V?K e? U s d??O?? b U?* `? v? U?M( V(U

s V( rNLOKF UM rNH uHKJ s rNUH tuM1 tM

u qHD d??JO? qU?I* UE s UD V?( ru?LKF

tzd? V( c lO vK d?? t??H b? V( vK U? dO?

Kleptomania W?d? u?N d?F U? w V( W?d? d?NE t??d?s w W??d?? u qJ t??OK U??F??* vMF?*U W?d?? wM?F c

s Y????K u???d???? U/ W???d???? u uU???F? sc U??? U?* q

s tb?I??H U?L qb? wN rN?O W??MU We? W?L?O? UN? Uu?{u?

U UM vK? r dO? Wb V( s ud? rNM d?OJ V(

q9 V( Uu{u X v U?d( c q uI rNQ

WO?IOI WU?F WNu? UNN?u VFB b?I dO? UOH e?U rN

s b rN?U?O?? b??N dD V( U??u?{u?? s d???? `?Q??

u???IM u???d??? dUE? u?????; vK r?b??$ p?c dU????? V?M&

UNMJ UNub? WLO UN XO w UO?_ tu v lzUC

rN uI?H* VK e UN dO? WLO rN q9 wML?C u; vK

V( ud U/ U* ud

wHM qOK? fHM rK Wuu w UIb? 5 d

VO??B d?? u? W?O??B????A? VO??B u?? WeM0 u? W??d?? u

We??? nu? w? rN?F?u? U2 rd?O?? VO?B U??L? UM s U??OM_

tKF?? id* U??L?? w u? l?b e? w? WU?( c w? W?d??

46

U* WO$u3uJO'

dA qJA U u UL dA dO qJA uIU U e qCH

lOD?? YO?? U??( u?I s W??d?? u?N id?* l uJ

b* b?I dO? t lC U? u cK b Q? tM dN? tU?I

w? Ud?D{ r?Nb? W??????d?????? u? uU??????F? sc? v{d?* lu?

VF??B? c u??NK l t???HU??% vK_ U_ n?F??C e??O??L?? W???O??B????A

qO?? s t?MO?F e? lU rN???d? uJ b? q??? r rN??

wM' U??? s ?b uJ b? U2 b???U e??O?L?? U? W??d?

W?d u 5'U?F* s d?O? d Wb?O?O U?A?U U??UB?

uF u w V( bI vK qO

Freedom Wd( s U?? q s b??O?F? lL???: sbu? nM w U??O???O d??H

WOR* dN?E U Ud sJ U l{u t?d lC tQ

b??????? t?O?? gO??F U?? c s U??O?? c e??L??? tu?? s

rUF b?O Vd? oKI u)U WMOQL?D dU?A

d?O U q?FH vK U? d?O? tKF& w u?O?IU uK2 t jO?;

b???I? W???I?KD t?S??? d???? U qF????H s? UM???? vK? U???

U?O?U bO?I X?? WOUM? tU?O? b? X?

uK2 t?????I???O??I?? v?K d??HK? rU??F? d??NE U?M rN s?d??

pH ULz U w WUB WOUL WOHM uGCU

d????' U??? t????H s i?HMO?? U??NM tc? qI??? U??Nd??H??

e dI

w Wd??( UM fO c b??O?u wA? w Wd?( XU?? U*

U?ub? uJ U U?Lz d?H S dU? dO?F b? vK tM vK?

tM UM WOuHD t?d UOb? WuF WuF? uB Uu

_ uC) b wUM UO WIKD* w Wd(

UJ q?F??H w W??L U?? U* p?c? d??_ U?? u? wU?? jG??{

W?U) bI?F* rO?UH* pK oI? v? wA bd wHJ

W?U b? v U?O_ s d?O? w dH u?I w w

47

w?HM3 qOK=:3 W7dE5

UM 5 U??u?O? _ c? d?? s W??u?e* Wd??( oO?I???

c b?O?u? wA u U* UM s d??O?? b?I??F? YO? U*

U? u? W?U u?O?I u?G?C s W?IKD Wd? d? d?H qF?

b? s?d???U t??U?????? w?? e?M* w q?L???F w? p

w W?d???( s 5u? UM pi U???F f?u db?u??? k

U*U UN

The Freedom Buyers Wd( dA w W?IKD* U* b?I b?I??F sc s W?? r Wd?( d?A?

dH Wd d?A bI0 U* bIF rN? w q oOI%

?I?? rN oI? U2 u?O?I wuM d?_ U?OR?* s

rdDC? u rN?H??O? U??L? sd?? vK U?L??? b?? wc

b????I0 b??? U?* sd???? vK U????L??????? v d?E

u??F?L??I rNS? s?d? v W??U?K? dD{ p s rd??

tudJ U? W?OI??U uF?A u t?O? u?d U?L W??d pK

q1 U? b?I Q?UJ rN?O W?MU q1 d?U? sd? V u

bbNK dBM

Freedom Fighter Wd( q s uKUI* w V t dA qJ UH u U* bIF d_ s W w

d???uMJ? W?????H c q?9 u??B???F U???_ q w d???A??? Wu?????

5OUO 5OUJd

d??? rN????H s uKF?? UM s? d?O??? U?M `C?? cJ

W??O??G U??L????? l{u?? W??O???H?M rNb?? ru?? u??F??C W??FK

W??U?? t wC??I? U* U??I?? `d s sJ?2 b?? d???? vK u??B??(

qF???? UM R? s d???H b???$ Wd???G? s b???F r? u???

u? v U?I?U U?M Wd?( u?IU t?U?? W?O??HM? t?MOQ?L

qJ dU? VO s u??I u?C?K bF?? vK U?Lz rN? U*

uKQ? rN?H?zU R uKL??F u??d??? rN? v? w?U? u U??

48

U* WO$u3uJO'

u b? b? U w rN?d? U u?C?I u? ud?A

w q W? _ p w qJ d?* dDC b?? U?M U*

* Tunnel vision W??Ou?? W U* W??Fd?? o X????U* tU d dH

s d??O????F t??H??u U* v WU?* dEM U???? dEM U?? U??

c sJ tKQ U? d?H b? u rdE w Wd?( nd?F? Wd?(

? s ?G?? UJ? v u???? sd? vK VKIM b? Wd?(

s d??H s?J9 b?? U* d??J rN??O?? r?J?? rNUd?? s?d?? VK

d??H d????A b??I?? d??A?? s U??H??F??C UJ?? U0 lK? UJ??

t?KB* rJ( W t?u Ue nR U?*d qb 5?UM u

vK rNb? e? rN?FUB? qOG?A d?( UM iF qF?A U0

Wd?? b??O??I U* WD?u d??HK sJ?1 U? s?d?? Wd?? VK

bOI b U c `B U0d WOIOI( rN bF sd

ULK tb s UC Wd(

d? b b?$ d u? U* U?BU d?F U? Tunnel vision W?Ou?_ Wd (*)U* c UD U d tOMO? l wu U vK UO_ d id* bM Ud?ON

d V U W VM pc

49

w?HM3 qOK=:3 W7dE5

q?zU?????? r? b?????? U?*

rOb rOLF

dMJ

WOuK WdEM

W?OH?OJ YO? s U*U WO?uK WdEM XL?

WLO Uu{u UOd ULb U* UN `B w

WKO?K U??: c w W??O??uK? U?b? vMF??

iF vK d?B?I U?N b w WDO?

W?OU* ud? iF vK uB?( qU?I? UuO?(

jDI? eU???L??A u??b?????? u????U?? UJ

dJ? UJ? U???F? U????Nu????LK?F d????????H

U? UN q9 XU? w bb( U?O Wbb?(

UFD vK uB( q s tb

U???F wU??? uK? rKF t?U????? w

u??{ w d????H? sJ1 U* dM?J d pi

wzd? d?? u??N?H* U?I? W?O?uK? WdEM

s W?KO?? U?* U????????U operant conditionedV??J s?JL* sL?? rO??b?? rO??L??F?? qzU??

rO?b r?OL?F? od s WO?d WU?? d?H

vK b?U? 5F? qF? u? U d?H t?u c

bN v uu

dH sJL

wzd d dMJ d

U? s U?F s d?O? U?? s

b ? s? W?Lz W?O?KL? UMN?? d?

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50

U* WO$u3uJO'

vI rb V WOdA WU? p s wzd d qFH

uK b??F wQ d?MJ tM b??? c? rO?b?? U?H?D U?N b??

uJ rO??L?F? rO?b? od s? b?OKI? d?? w U?L? t?K? fO

b WU nu w UOb uJ wN? UMU WOHM UMUU& VK

Skinner , B. 1953 d_ nu* v p bF Ud b1 r d_ bFwzd?? d?? W??Ozd? W??O?uK W??b* U??? b?

ULK? WOL?Ob? uI UM d?H sJ1 r?OLF? rOb? w qL? c

w U??LK W??O?L??O?b?? u??I d rNS?? wd??F* fHM U??LKF U??I?u??

d? b? WeM0 U?LK W?Od?? WdEM u?J pc wzU?NM b?N

W?'U?F? U?? U?C d? wd?F* fHM U?LK sJ? _ WdE s

s d?O?? bb??% v R b? d?c information processing U?uKF*U* l UN qUF w UOuK

rO???b??? wd???A? rO???b??? s b???% s u d?MJ sJ? r

s t s C U* vK W?OuK WdEM o s tMJ uU

oH b jdAK WOJOUJO* U* uLM ULK WOU' v U

u?I??H?? U?H c??N r 5O??uK U??LKF s b?? d p w t??F?

Drug Theory UIF WdE t U U l UCW??FU qB? U* w d? b?' WO?uK W?b* U?LKF U? b?

s bbFU tU dO WOF u q1 U* d U* WOFb 5

U U?Nzd U?Nzu vK t?b lzUC? Ub?) _ qzUu

U u lb c s U?OHO ?I qI? b tS? lbU jd U*

The Functional autonomy of drives lbK? wH??Ou ??I?????U d??FUF w?H dO?H W?OB?A tU? w uN?H* c u UM? `{ b

Q?AM w lb UM d?H?O wH?Ou ?I? `KDB? U YO? pi

lbU W?F uJ YO UU9 U?NM qI r r?' w WLE_ iF s

Uu? bb?' lb uJ b? W?O?H?O W? X?O W?O?U W?? wK_

b U{ WKO uJ b U*U tM QA c wK_ lb s dOJ d

c s q?I??? u??_ d???? w tMJ U??F?? W??????J* WdDH l?b s

jI? tc U* w W?d `B YO? t UU? UF? q1 lb

p bF dDO WI?A l wLM b Wed uI U?ub U c uK

UO qI u vK qLF WO_ lb vK

51

ULK3 WO?HM3 W7dEM3

d?????A? WK?O????? f?O U?*

W???L??O??? U??C? u q lK?

WOUL WOH WOUFH

w

ULK WOHM WdEM'w WdE

iF? pi U?????F w? U????? w X?d

s W??O??uuJO?? u??B?? rO?U?H?* UJ_

nO?? W?O??U??L??? W?O????HM t??HzU U*

R We???d b W???O??U???I?? qu???F

UL U* u WOHM UU& bb% w dO

s W?LO?I s d?O?F? w U* U?C XA?U

pc??? U???O???I Uu????????? s bb???F ???

W?HK??

52

U* WO$u3uJO'

WO?U dJ vK e?d U* s WO?HM WdEM d

_ d? w d

qU?F? q U??? wU* uK w W?O?IF d?O? W?OI?F UR?

b? 5O?ID?M d?O? rN W?OU* r?NU?O?uK w oDM?* s wA d?_

rK? U???O???u?ud????_ fH?M rK? s q R???? c s? WU??? U?M

w uK?F c 5 W?du??' d??H? b?? w WU??? XU?? U??B?????

U*U rN?U??? w d?_ d? U?O??uud??_ U?LK?F? U??LK U??NUM

U??F U??N??L?J% W??OU* r?NU??O??uK _ d??O????? W??b 5O??I?? u?uJ

WOMb u?ID WOF{u 5uI V?U v WOUL? dOUF* b?OUI

WOIF dO v rNM WOIF v d rN c WOUL

U*U rNU?? w UM X?{ bI? W?O?HM U?b U?

U??? U????H u?K w p? U??? u??? 5?O???I???? u???????O

w 5O?IDM dO? u? b? rN v ub d? Vzd?C

rNb XO d?_ dQ U* U?LN uJ? scK uK WIdD

U??? u?U??I b?? rN W?b U?* l ZCM qU??F?K? W?O??U? d???

qN ld? wU* VJ* w W?d s lb WUB? U?ONb

b?I??F Uu?_ u Wd?G v u?b c d?_ U?C d?O?u

W?O??IDM0 U??N?F? u?KU?F?? rN rNu?? vK W?O??uK rNb??I

u??d???F rb??M 5O?Uc 5Mb* s? Uu?_ d??O?? U? bb??

vK rN?? U* l qU??F? w? 5O?I?? d?O?? 5O?ID?M d?O?? rNQ

rN t Xu w u?b WKU? W?OU* rNU?O?uK Q W?U W?dF?

UN vK sU dO

oI sJ1 WLOI s dO?F w U* WHO U w d

UOI s bF Uu s

Nominal wL u* WOu ? sL jI RUJ u? vK U* qLF u?* c vK

U?b) lzU?C? s W?U W?O?u d pMJ?1 U* s WU?

q_ U??O?IK v_ b??( u wL? u???* W?MO?F? U??FK qU??I U*

o nOMB W?OKL?F u?I t? s U?L? l qU?F? UM wMF u?N? W?

53

ULK3 WO?HM3 W7dEM3

U??I??F? W??C??H V?c q?? U* s?L??{ qb U?? q? q??M? uM

U* U?J 5? U????I? lO?D????? t????? s U?JK?????L?* w{_

W?H?O U?N X?O UM? U?_U? W?O?L W?O?L? u?B? t?u tU?H?OMB

Q? p w UNQ? tUJ U* u 5? eO?OL? vK qL?F q Wdb?I

U UF

UJ nMB V? UI?O? U?O?L? UO?U U?U?O? rO?I

U

W l W?OU W qb YO b? U qJ w UIO? UHOMB U*

W?OU W??? w W?C?H W?? w V?c nMB U?* qO??? vKF? d?

??L??F W???? w U??I???F w{_ s ?? W??U? W???? w U*

a W w WOu

t??u U* UJ? qJ ??U?? nOMB?? uJ? V pc??

vK Vc W??O?I?? v d?O??A YO? VOd?? W?OKL? U????( w lC

UOI c bOH d rK U* vK WCH W?OI WCH

W?OzU?B? ?U?F* iF U?? dJK Wu?* W??M U?? w

uM*U

Ordinal wd u* W?L??O?I YO?? s b?F??? UJ U??LK `??B u???* c w

WU WDu? WLO? u WOU? WLO u? UMN

b? U* nMB U?O?I s u??* c wH? W?C?H?M W?L?O?

YO? r?( W?OLJ? bI* o? tUJ 5 WU?I* e?OO?L?

VOd?? wMF qK??? VOd w W?LEM? U?H?OMB UMb? `?B

?? UMK S? UU? U?UE U?M t?u U* UJ 5

cN? r? Vc W?FD s? U d?? r Vc W?FD

r W???FD?I 5 d???H?K U?????? 5???FDI? 5 d???H wM?F

dEM iG jI? VOd w UM U?_ WH?Ou r W?FDI

iF? u?I lOD? UMS? p V? UO?_ 5 d?H s

dD lL' q n?OMB c w U* UJ_ WOU?( UOKLF

WLI dC

54

U* WO$u3uJO'

interval / ratio dH u* W? U?OI? wIO?I? dH? UMb `B? UO?I s u?* c w

5 dH t u u 5 dH L? rOI 5 dH qI UMKF

c q W??d? U??? s U??O?I? u??N? u??O t qL?F U?? c

WU d UN Wd* U_

u???????*U U?U??? j?d? U* U???? w X????{ b???

UM?OKF??? U??L?K We???d W?b rN???H U U?M d???HK e???d

s d??O????? e?? _ p Wu??HD? WKd?? w d???H aU vK? d??F??

b?I? U?bM v? X? WKd* c w qJA? U?LK We?d b

UMU? qB? qu?? W? U??O?uuJ?O? U* jd d??L?F w U??

UNUO wK U w w ed

ud uD WKB* quF U?ud uK q?JA s u?IM W?LO? b?% UU?I? iF?

UdD{ iF? d? w b iF w p? `C? UN?OK W?u?IM*

w W??U??F? U??U??O?? U??u?J( Ud vK? d??O??G w U???I

U?O??u w oU? w?OO?u? U?% w U?{ p b? Wb

b c w U?dD{ W???O?M d??F w b?? U? W?IU??

W1b?? W1b?I ??L?F? XKF? b?b? ??L? d??N ?L??F d?O??G

uK qJA ? s LF c 5? eO1 UM lOD? bzUH

UNOK WuD* uIM

t edU qB w quF XU? u ?LFU? vMF? W s ed tML?C? U YO? s p

W?OK W?OU? Wb ud iF? UN?OK gIM W?ObF? WO?

UM b W?????? u??d c uJ? U? U??U? U??O?( vK u?J w

s ?? d? sc? 5K{UM* U??L?e b?? u? gIM? Q? U??F?O??L?

u??C??N sc U??L?KF U_ W??H????H b?? u?? U??L??F????

e?d?U? U?OU?? Wb r XF?? w U??b?) s b?? u?b? ??U

55

ULK3 WO?HM3 W7dEM3

UU? uF qIM UNQ? s w WO?HM t t L?F vK uIM*

U?O?( vK lI? c wK wU? U?& 5? d? UM b

U?u?J( Ud vK d??O?G U??I U?N??O? Xb?? w b b??$ pc

UF U?& UN? o ud c dO?OG v bL?F U U?d UU?O

?LF vK W?u?IM* W?OU* ud XU? U?uB? Wb w d?

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أكرم زيدان - سيكولوجية المال

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