WELDING DISCONTINUITIES AND DEFECTS

Porosity Worm hole Inclusion Wagon tracks Lack of penetration Cold lap Lack of fusion Internal concavity Burn through Lamination and delamination Seam and lap Under fill Lamellar tearing cracks

)) POROSITY ) ...( ) .....( ) ( CO2,ARGON ) (..,GTAW )( UNIFORMLY SCATTERED

o

CLUSTER POROSITY

o

WORM HOLE

o

ALIGNED POROSITY

o

) (.........

INCLUSION ) ( )(POWDER ELONGATED SLAG LINES

WAGON TRACKS

INTERPASS SLAG INCLUSIONS

) (.........

( INCOMPLETE OR LACK OF PENETRATION ( LOP :

) (

INCOMPLETE FUSION ) ( :

o

o

INTER PASS COLD LAP

LACK OF SIDE WALL FUSION

INTERNAL CONCAVITY

BURN THROUGH

) (

LAMINATION & DELAMINATION LAMINATION DELAMINATION

SEAM & LAP

)( MPI

UNDER FILL )( METALLIC INCLUSION )( GTAW , PAW UNDER CUT :

) ( o

CRACKS : 1.

) ( ....... ) ( )(HEAT INPUT ) (HOT CRACK " )(COLD CRACK )(DELAY CRACK

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 01. 11.21.

31. 41. o

:-1. 2. 3.