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,,HWKOMAXOBA ETuKA'. HA APWCTOTEI

1, Cpeg npouzhegeuusina rua Apucmome.t,mpemupaqunpodtenume Ha m.Hap. npakmuaecku uayku, ce omkpoa-Bam emuveckume 'uy mpakmamu. ,,Huko.,naxoha emika",,,lorfltna emukao u ,,EBgetno\a emuka" cncmaLlnham,,emuveckrw kopnyc" Ha ozpolnHomo tumepamypHo Hac.ne-gcm0o Ha aHmuvHus. "/nuc.numet Me*gy mflx cbulecmByBaHege.durna Bpnska: tne ca ctgrp*ameluo 6tusku; kou\en-myalHo u ga*e mekcmyatno omvacmu cthnagam. B ,,fo-tfl/ila emuka" &Hatugbm ua codcmqeHume Bunpocu Ha emu-kama ce npeguecm0yha c kpamko ucmopuvecko Buhegeuuesa emuveckama /nucb./t Ha npegwecm7y\auqua nepuog HaaHmuvHnma ky.omypa. Ta gonrtha u koukpemuzupa c gefu-uumu0uu onpegeteHufl nnkou nocrnauo9ku uu ,,Huko-/naxo-Bs. emuka". Tpu knuzu ua ,,Ehgerno\s emuka", a urneHHo4,5 u 6 ca eguakhu c 5,6 u7 knuzu ua,,Hukonaxoha emuka".Ho npu Bcuvku ctyvau ahmopom pazzte*ga ,,Huko'naxo4aemuka" kamo ocuohuo c9oe emuvecko npoushegeuue. IIogodt4omo gazrtahue ,,Emrtka", koemo nougkoza uznotzha,moti pas6upa npegu Bcuuko ,,Huko'naxoha emuka". ItI akoahmopcm0omo Ha,,fottfl.tna emuka" u ,,Ehgenoha emuka"nounkoza ce c|npsha c nepunamernuveckam& mpagullufl.,mo ,,Hukonaxoha emuka" ce npuena cq..,no 3a Heioho tu't-uo mBopeuue.

E muvec kume mp a km a mu u a g p e B uo z p u q kua ./n uc tume/tnpume* aharn npo6t etn amuka, koa mo utna u g kilovume./Lvo?OLflrno SHAqeHUe He CA4nO 3A AHmUVHUA cBAm, HO U gAe9poneiickama kytmypHa mpaguqun ueo6u1o. B pa,nkumeu a,, np a krnua e c ku me n ay ku " me np eg.4 a z am u o np eg ert eHu-fl ,koumo gouzacuaham u ruloaucupam runkou om me./nume Hanortumuveckama futocofua. Apucmomet cnasBa eluHc-kama mpaguqus. sa Bsaurnuomo gontahaue Ha nucaHurne uHenucaHume zakouu, uecnazhauemo H& koumo nopalkga nogyrnume na Tykugug (II, 37) ,,npe3peHuemo Ha-xopama".O6ave zputkama 3a sauluma na cho6-oguume zpa*giuu u Hqgo6pe op?aHusupaHomo npahoho odulecrnh6 noCmaBa uanup0o ./nfl.cmo Bonpocurne Ha nolutnukama, cxharuama ukamo yueuue za kytmuhupauemo ua Bucoko upaBcmheuo-emuqecku uepmu, Bcecmpanua ofpazohaHocm u go6po Bnz-numaHue. Emo eau4o emuaeckama npo6teruamuEa za f uto-c o { a e B u e B e-c meu c./nrtc b-/t q&c m o m no -t u m uv e c ka ma Q u,,to -cofun. Emukama sa He?o e ctcmaBua aacm otn notuinuka-

tttt (l tr.tttrrut ernuka, f, 1), neiltrc1 t t,, L,,t t i ii s o" ; ; ; i;, i, ; i : oiil yi 1rT; : I : "T I "!lt;gnf:tne rutsoBauusi;;,;";;;;'7,,'if :::#;f """'";!:,f3wt:r;!,:*;,;:;;ugx c ua Bau"*" ::.:y :u*" rpidii*u ( IIo,t umit ka, ki. 7, I 2!..{!.:): Ho nogofiuo o6cmoarh"n",i'bo npugaha ua ust o*e_H u e m o H a e m uu.e_? k a m a np o 6 t, ; ;;" i;*; ; 6 ;";Z;;ii"i

" * _HOCW U qerteH$coakHocm.

2. ,,Hukorno,r.?!! :i"ka,, npegcmaLtaha cunmes Hanocmu*euunmo, Ha aHmuvHr*" fiinorofu B oLttacmma ua1I ! : * ", "p " s ::: "^ yio r ;; rr tfL

^ o r o m e o p e m u v e c k u _me saHu./naHua Ha gpyehme

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s" ;;i; ;';; ooj e,nlt, auz a* upa c e ctn, x H o m o o np e g e 4 e H u e u np e g /, a 2a ; ;B ; ;, g;: ;:6;t;1; ; " p -Jtc a mert H a no s u m u BH a me o f e rfr ua

" i ko np o, p a,a a. Kp u m u k a -ma Ha gpyzume cxhat4auu.t 4elu ps4y6Ha.,rHomo u koucm_pykmu^noo^ozama^aHeHa;;;T";:s";;:;;;:;.;"t";;;"*"-

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. a - -Irap4uam gpehnoepaqku Qutocof, koilmo nocmaba noo_, oj:^! za go6poseme)ma, ; n;;;;;;.-ii;";;"s;;;k";",;L

"ool4 c/ttucb" ""rg^!:f! ugea e i"ioprr""ku u ttozuveckuc0zpsaua crc cxhauqanu_nha na ciije)na'Enisa-.-Vi'ioro^uannkou"r;T"#f::!:"lk1"oT!;

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_z a ry np u Ht1 u n s a v u c r, o m o u - n p u s o o ii;" ;; ;;ft""2i,iZt *,cJnucb./t, a anorrono Bc komo ra,rhn;-i

i1";::tr::fr'/::""'{;iw::f:'"#:#::rhi:,1:#,"#.,mu Ho ko tuve c mBu

" " np ii aii ii' f "" " " o Q c kam a .,nucb.,t.Eguo cmo^emue ""1iiill,"i;{"'^" ce ocb,4ecm,s,anp e x o g b m o m k o c rn o -,t o z uv e c k us ki i' a n mp o n o ",t o z uu e c kun,r".:ru:f,#:;":#:f#;::t##:;:::il#ffi .viil;.om ltuqepoH ,,cHe./rraH"" "; O;;;;;"[u"*o om uefuemo iase./tt*ma ce ocbtuecrlBaha pigulcaiia nponeHa B uea u cmona c_e omkpuda "gu*

rob kb;r;;|:;;;;"-s;;';'r{ii{"*"pHuoHmo.,torrr";i';u":#t:#"!:#t:u up a B c mB euo - a kc uo tto

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" "*. C o kp am o6 o c -uoaana uona o6tacm:: q;;;;T,;r,;;, _ emukama, onpe-ge,oailku ueiluua cmamyb, o"robnu Eome?opuu u ztqbuu

u,(lilqu. Bunpocnm sa go6pogemertma ce ym0ap*gaha kamo, 1 r: i u n p arr e u np o6 m n i a io p a.t n am a S ut o c o O u4, o c -/n uc -/t e H

il gia ua adcoilomHua pa4uoHarusu'rr. Om c0oa cmpauarttripagcmhon choe petamuhuearn nnkou om coQucmume,,'triptiaham coflcm\iua nTeHgeHuua B.masu futoco$ua- A,tt,ti:t Kupeuckama u Kunuaeikama wkotu ,,ineopemuveckari t t t il<. g a nc m B eHo c m " no ty va B am g o c m a g e Q o p'n up a Hu z rt e -

lluula 3a godpogemettma - Ha xegoHu3rna u Ha emuvecKufl,trlXlllUSb/n.

Eeecnopeu npuHoc B rnasu uacoka u'na lTtamou, koiitno,rrtttmesuDitiku

-B choama meopemuttecka cucmena Hamyp-

fittocodckorno u aHmponoltoVuveckomo Havarro B aumuv'i,u,rro $unocofcka,nlucu4 pasutupaha oHrno-tozurteckunrilpusoHm HA AHAT\UsA U nA npo^'ternume ua emukama u' no-t:naryuatuo mosu na gofipogemeltma. PasztQcgalenTo Ha

tt4tbcmheuo-emuqeckltmi Bunpocu ce nocmahn B sahucu',ti t t c m o m o c u o Bo n o rt a ? aula m a ko uqe nqufl' H a n-/t a, no H u s /n auil ugesma sa itazomo kamo o6ekmuhno ocuohanue sa'goiplogemertma u Bcuuku Btpxohuu kavecmha utu ko'nno-ttrtt trnu Ha rtOpArtHOrnO cbSHAHUe.

BrB Bcuqku mezu cxhaupaHun ce ornkpoaham gBe ocuo-hru ofieguuahaugu mesu. Ilaphama e c9tpsau,a c e&ge'nouu'tna kaino yvenue za goflpogeme/tHua.

-*uhom-, B koiimortahuunm homu| Ha pasHocmpaHHama uoheutka geiiuocme ctnpe'ne*um kun ulacmuemo. Bmopama e ugefl.ma 3aru.'noctsuaHuemo kamo uati-Henocpegctn^en ugeiiuo-meo-pamuvecku opueHmup u momu0 Ha onpegerteHue,md Ha em_u-'kana

- cy66kmnm imaha ctulecmheu o6ekm ua uac'tegha-tultno, npu koemo coquartHume gemeprttuHaHmu vecmo oc-maham carno eguH om BmopocmeneHHume e-/te./neHmu Ha

t:o4uokytmypuu? 6on na v6hewkomo nosHauue. Bosz"e'It'btn 34 casrnono?HallUemo * npovyrnorno'rnosHAii- Ce6e'iu". uukovcmuDaHo Ha xDalna ita Anoton B netdu -.\faqa"'iohetikama ,nucir, ka'u ce6e cu u ce uataea- kamo.tgHo om usxogHume noto*euua ua emukama, uzpazeuo Blirtztuvnume xapakmepucmuku na gyxohnume ryeuuocmu u Btta tnatko onumu ga ce u3zpagu egHa qeHHocmHa cucme-lnatru qoheukomo 6umue.

3. ltahuomo emuvecko npoushegeHue Ha Apucmomett,,llukornaxoha emukau e cBoeo6-pasua fiultocofua ua 'no.-pilrtHomo cbsHaHue u npa^cmn:eno-npakmuueckama geii-'ttocm

Ha ungu\uga. To sae'na ne*gy m.Hap. npakmuve-cku,rmyku ma,koha macmo, kakhomo ,,ntphama Su.,tocofun"

(.rnemafuzukama) cpeg meopemuueckume wayku, ulna xapa-kmep ua (iyuganeumatua uayka 3a oHesu kttouohe Ha q.ohe-utkomo nosHaHue, koumo uiyvaharn pas./tuvHume acnekmuua uoBetukomo 6utnue.. AHattusupaiiku sagtt6oveuo u oqeuahatiku. kpumuvec-ku cxhauqaur4sma rua cbourne npegruecmhe*uqu u iuhpeneu-Hurlu u o6o6u1ahafiku 6ozamis onum Ha. aHmuqHua cLam,Cmazupum qeteHacoveHo u.tto?ut4ecku gocmuza go got6o-ko ctgup*ame.tHu onpege/teHun Ha cbulHocmma u nHo?oa-cnekmuocmtna Ha upahcmheuua *uhom, gefuuupa ocuob-uu munohe na gyxohnua c\am na uugu4uga, ,,'rnucrtohuonpouukha" B paztuuuume ,,n"4acmo4e" ua iohewkomo 6u-mue kamo cbsHamertHo-Bo"oeho u mhopaecko cuulecmho. CmoAa moil onpege./rfl. fl.cHo u nb.uHo cmamyca na emukama,nefiuua npegrnem, koukpemnu 3agavu u no-ga/Levtr,t qeru,no ka s B a 6 o z amug rne ma S ue uve c Eu c./wltc b./t H a /no p a I Ha tnafut.ocofua: ef!4\*qf!,g qtlqa Ba*uo -/nflctno cpeg pas/tuqHu-me klouobe Ha HayvHorno no3HaHue; tnfl usyua0a cbulHocm-tna u omgetHume npoahu H& /nopa4Homo cbsHaHue c o?.tegueacus0auemo kpumepufl. Ha uo6ewkomo nohegeuue; ocud-Bua ueilrua sagaqa e ga oc.lnucta *umeiickume-fiakmu u ?umpaucfoprnupa B meopemw&cku onpege"teHufl; npegta?acpegcm0am& 3a pealu3upaHemo ua npahcmheuua -*uhorn;emukama e no3HaHue, koemo meopEmuuecku ,nomuhupauoheutkqrna npakmuka. 3auqomo u BtpxoBuume upahcmbe-uu kavecmha na unguhuga npume*a4am npakmuiecka ua-coqeHocm, c./nucbJt u 3HaveHue.

Cnryecm9eua cmpaHa ua mpakmama e, qe ueeohuflmahmop nocmaLn BnB Bnmperuuo eguucmho emukama c oH-moto?uveckume npo6,te/tru Ha QuTocofickama ,nuczrt. On-pegereHufltna ua ernukama ca co.dugHo oHmo./tozuaecku fyu-gupaHu. Te ua'nam xapakmepa Ha Hop/nume na odukuohe-ryqma *umeilcka npakmuka, ne ca npigtto*euu kamo usuc-kbaHufl Ha nony.ttpHun tnopa.4nsbrtt, a uzpasaBam Bumpeut-Hama cmpykmypa u to?oca ua upahcmhinua cLam Ha-tuq-Hocmma, oc0o6ogeu om za9ucu./nocmm& u npomekquoHuz-./n& Ha Henocpegcmqeuo gageuume peartuu, C msx Apucrno-met gryaky9a mpuBua,oiume npegZmahu gq *uhon;a u qe/tti usheskgauemo Hfl uoheka om codunheHama /ny o?paHuue-Ha neulepa, za ga ?o Hacouu ka",n no-euavurnu qeHHocmu Ha/t4 a m ep ua J, uo - g y xo B uua c Bs m. E mu ka rn a lq t mu B up a Buc o -ko np a B^c m B e uu kave.c m B a, o 6 p a s o B a H o c m,'g y xo B u6 y cu Bu p -uteucmhane ua uoheka kamo Bucue ctsuamertuo ctiqecmdo,

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d *oertttt :tna,tuetno odtaeopoga\a gyxa, a moii omkpuhafitttltt ttrlttt:toHrnu sa nosHaHuemo. Emo sau4o, ttozuveckudltt-v r,(,unuPatru, uart-o6u1ume onpegeleHua rua emukamat, t,tut rtpakmepa ua eagut*umetHuttop/nu ga uoBeutkornonertleueitttct u geilcmLua. Crcg gBycmotemHo cbulecm0y0ane$tt tttt'o(icku,na lnucb./t rlpegJtaza u upa0crn0eHume u/nnepa-iltttflu ttn rtail-qeuuorno cnopeg aHmuvHua. rnuc.tumelt a&te-t,te ,r., kocrnoca - voheka.

il ,,llttkonaxoha emuka" ce ocbulecmhs9a odekmuhuaatsenkt ttu 'rcBemkama gertuoctn, Ha uetiuume pag./tuvHuil.tttt'tno(la, acnekmu u ubaucu. Iemafituo ce oc./nuc",tfl 40-6eittktrtttt npakmuka u ce ueL.,tuvam ocuoBnume e.ne./neHmut*a upullun\eHatna cmoilruocm ua qo9erukomo 6umue. Ana-.lu t'filt ( co/tugHo nogkpeneu c .ttuozodpofiuu f akmu om*wnellckuna npakrnuk& u onutna H& aHmuvHama kynnypat .'.rtltt.tlrtatna geficmhumeiHoctn. Itlerto*euuemo e npeg-tt€tttno u koukpemuo u kouryennTyartHo uskttloaume.tHo cb-

flaptl< ume'ttto u geSuuumuhuo qerreno.ra?au1o, uepazeuo Bknp11u nattttu u yuu0epcatHu onpegerteuua, napkupat4u acHoIt httttttopuvuo *uzueuama u HayvHa nosurytts ua Betukus.1lttttt tt.tt QuttocoS. B ocuohnama rnukau ua usto*eHuemocp o,telttna0am gBe /tuHuu. Om egua cmpaHa mo utta npegEilg oiufuto^euus 6umoq /nopai Ha aHmuvHomo o6upecm^o,Snkmuurc na koiimo ce oc/nuc./tflm u gohe*gam ahmopa go6nr,flttttt cagap*amertHu ugeu. Om gpyea cmpaHa Apucmo-lll e I ko t t kp emus up a o Hmo io euqec ku me u euo c eo to d uvec ku-in€ nlntttqunu ua {utocoSuama cu Brpxy aHartusa ua upa0-tnlllrttuma geilcm0umetHocm. Ha masu utteHHo ocuohanntl 'tur4umaha chama meopemuvecka nozut4ufl Ha eguH omt t tt I I - y t t u B ep c a"tHume u o p u ? uH a/t Hu np eg c m a B umea u H a aH-trt,ttututna HayqHa u Qutocofcka rnucat. Otn uucmo meope-tttu'trcka ?tegHa movka uezoBuam aHa./tus noctegoBame*Htr tr111glrrrra go6pomo u ulacmuemo, go6pogemertma uso6-ttltt u ttertuume pazuo0ugHocmu, cnpaBegtuAocmma kamottu..tno tryahcmheuo-emuvecko kaaecmBo u npaAuo-notu-Intt'tecka Hop-/fla, rupahcmhenurne chortcmha B cucmernamailtt 'ttntkume o6uquocmu u gtp*a4ama. Tofr za0tputha cpn'tue*gaHetno Ha oHe3u gyxohnu pearuu, cbus/nepu/nu c.ttfitlttktmuomo u Btpxohuomo Havata ua vohewkorno 6u-tttttt:. 'litakmambm Hs ./nucrtumets npeglaza u cmpykmypa-trtil tta tryaBcmheruua chsm ua uuguBuga, ompaseHa B zta0-ttttnrc kame?opuu ua emukama.,Qocmambu.Ho e ga ce npuhe-11um tmkou om mflx: 64azo u dtazogeucm\ue, 6tazopazy-

n

rnue u 6ta*eucmho, Berruq'ue u flegnocm ua uoheutkun *u-Bom, Btgqop*auocm u Botn, gocmoiiucmbo u- gpytlcoa'

;;;;t;;;;; i spa*se6uocm,' z',co u go6po, uzlcvcm0o uioa"oiio, tatka i nninue, /nucbn u ilbgpocm, r'tbJkecm6o uiaaetkaa. cnpaheotuhoctn u uecnpahegtuhocm, npa6 u npa-'6i'iii"""i'"*,'npa"Bgo

u nopok, ca-o6oga u po6cm0o, qet yvecm, qegpocm u n7.H.' i m.n. Bzemo B chosma l+fltocm'i o t o in o' iino p a n a o m' m e o p e muuec ku Q a $n u u o f p e,g

?! e--

nun, uzzpatkgam egna qfllocmHa ,,nemaQiuzuvecKa KoHc'

mumyquh" na gyxohnua3hnm Ha awtnuvwo*o oo4!1?^lorl."'*"/-iii"u*"o'ro eiukama ca cortugHo, meopemurt'eckuo1ocnoqlanu. Te ce ocuoqaqam npegu Bcuvko Ha zla6Hunxei i * o Q u

" rve c ku np u H,4u n u. H a x un e rtt o p S u z'n a

" o "!y: y?.-^

*etuino. Kamo 4ato emukama e konkpemuo npurtolkewueHa oHmorrozuveckume cxqaulauun no omHouteHue Hct Hpab-

cmhenun c\nm na ungu\uga- Hetiuume Hoprryu ca meopentu'uecku koukpemusupaHe ua Btnpocuume cxaaulaHun b cge-Dama ua ,ubpata. Ecmecm^eHo' omHeceuu ktn Hpabcmae-'ni"iii, ochohnume noHfl.mun Ha xur'ernopfiuz'na nmam!1Dn^fl" Lt ..6opma" ganasham z-,tahuufl. ca c/ttucbrt u gyxt Ho'nouao6ibain u konkpemuo geiicmBeuo npegHasHaq'eHue u

iloir"u. B kaqecm\omo cu na cy6cmpanx Ha rnopatHotnocbsHaHue rnamepuflma e crhkynuocmria na uoqewkunxe no-ipiO"oi,"",, p"hnrtupanu B rupahcmheuama cfepa !! t-T:HotaeHue Ha HeuHamd o6ula qe't. B upa0cm0euama oo'tacm

Qopnama uzpaza0a g6.oaml npupoga:'? ?:y!::::.3 1"i:mbn7i np"qr*aBtsha o6ekmuhuopea-/tHuflm npuHqun Ha noc'i^nftuk" u aertcmhu-nma Ha uugu0uga' Om masu ?legHagertcmhuama ua uugu0ug.a- Om masu 2'4egH!

ii":ilii aiiki ipa\cmnewo kauec\nno, koemo e fop'ttvtupa'u,o B emukamai e eguucmhomo rua cy6cmpama u (iopmama'B koemo qohewkume Bus'flolkuocmu 3a onpegeteHo geucm'-Bu"

"" Btntuu4aBam u ocbu4ecm\sham kamo nocmueane Ha

vo\eka u nounmiemo 3& qetlna. Bcako qohewko no9egeuuece momu\upa om gageHa qen, o6ekmuBnuam c'/nucbrt Ha

konmo e ptartusup"auemo Ha egHa urtu gpy?a up,aqcmqeua

cmuilruocm. Taka qelma e -tozocbm Ha vobeutKama geu-

HOcm' A me.neo./tozLs/nbn1 - egUH Om npLHt4LnVme HA emV'

kama.

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" s /n b m H a d p u c lt ?f :i 1.y" :: t:.: : :*:"go"Burpb"rotno eguHcnxho orn ziegua movka ua

U3nA pA3ZrteJK-:g ua kpaiiuumeua qohewkomo

nDuttuHLt u omtruma qeleycmpe/neHocmma Ha q'ooeutKomo

i'o-biiii", u geilcm\ue- IipaBZmBeHomo kauecmho.e p$y/t-iohegenue u geilcm0ue. HpabcmaeHomo Kavecmoo,e pesy/r-

;;;"; ";bu*p"*romb "guucmro ua tmp?"te*y*" !!

L2 l3

5. [Io nntnuemo,,g o6pog eme't" e ntp Bo mo ucmo puveckullutuukuarto u sHaqurro onpegeneHue ua gyxoBnua ihsm uatutaHocmma, B koemo ca ompaseuu zaahuume coquo.rHo-upahcmheuu nosumuhuu nEteuua Ha aHmuvHomo o6t4ecm-8o, Heuqo'no&eve, ugeflma sa go6pogemertma e mpaguquo-uen npo6te'u Hfl rttoparHama Qutoco$un - noHe sa oHesuneiluu paauohuguocmu, koumo sacmtnham u zauqumaAam,tt ywtume ocuo&auun ua eAgemonus/na.

Btto onpegeteHue uIlounmuemo ,,go6pogemelo e ocuohno u koncmpykmu-

onpeeeteHue u B ,,Huko,naxoha emukao ua Apucmo-axoha emukao ua Apucmo-tnet, B kobmo ca cuHmesupanu ofiuqume nosumuhni xapak-mepucmuku Ha rflopatHomo cbsHaHue u geiicmhua Ha ./utv-, K, c tnm a.,Q o6 p o g e mertma e ko u c mumy mu B ru o u np ug o6 umo,,t'rrphuuHo gageHo u kytmuhupaHo /nopflrtuo kauecmho. Ta eBt':t'uo*uocmma, koamo ce peartusupa B npahcmheuamacrf epa, Bpogeuomo npegpasno/to*euue, uus.mo cbu,lHocm cenpoahaha BtB feuorneH.a.nHume Qakmu ua vohewkomo 6u-mue. lo6pogemertma e rnopatHus.m acnekm na o6u4ua npo-ehn u o6ekmuhuatna napaguz.rta Ha uoBeka, sHaHuemo,kocmo oveprnaha nbnta kun nocmuesHemo ua Bucoko tno-lrtt/tttu kaqecmqa u omHorueHua 'ne*gy xopama. ffo omuo-utetute Ha Hefl. nosumuhuume upahcmheuu ahteuus. npugo-6u0am xapakmep Ha Hoprnu u sakouu ua npakmuveikomono$egeuue. flo6pogemetma e u qetma ua odulume ycutustn rtoBeka; B uea uarnupam uspas uaii-daazopogHume iwtHutt o6u4ecmheHu gagsvu, *e.,tauua u HavuH&Hua, tnomuhu u.:biHame./tHu y6etkgeuua. B emukama Ha fu/tocofa ma eo6u,1ama upahcmheno-emuqecka Hoprt&, uauckhauqa ycr-$nputencmhaHemo na unguhug a nocpegcm$o'u nocmuzaue-mo Ha Bucoko /nopalHu kaqecm4a u omHotueHua. O6yc.aa-$xt4a utu no-movHo uzpaza0auqa qetocmHocmma u gyxo0-uama ugeHmuqqocm Ha rtuvHocmma, godpogemelma npu-me*aLa pezytarnu0nu fyukquu, 6azupauqu ce Ha HopJnamu-l)tto-ryeuuocmHama npupoga Ha /flopa./tct. ,\okoakomo cenpoaAaha B nuozocmpaHHume geiicmhuz ua aoBeka, 9o6-poqemetma e u nnkak&a sagageHa upaBcm7euo-emuvecka,rPozparna, npume*a^au4a. cmpo?o Hoplnamu^eu cmamyc.Ilopagu moBa godpogeme.dma B emukama na gpehnozprrq-kua ntgpeq e egnoBperteHHo u cuHmes ua Bucoko npaBcm-Ueuume kavecmha, u kpumepuil u uop'na ua vohetakomonoBe_geuue, u ugea4 ua *usHeuanxa.no3urllts Ha unguhuga,

l-tta9uama sagava, kosmo Apucmomea *etae ga peruul) ,,I:lukonaxoha emuka", e He npocmo onpegeteHuemo Ha

g o6po g emertma, a o c /nucrta.Herno Ha HeiiHufl.- np akmuuec ku""rnhcitt kamo ctgup*anue Ha ,voBeutkomo 6umue.Voherukama aeiiuocm e Haco4eHa kurn peatusaquflma Ha

Btpxohuomo"6no"o - m.Hap. ehge'nonua (u4acmue). Au4icmuemo e go6pe ga ce *u0ee. Ehgenouus/nbm notazaa'o6oomo kario ti1etim ua voBetukume *etauua u geiicm-bui. Hezoaus.m zta\eH clftucbtt cthnaga c qelnxa ua ao0e'wkama npupoga u ctu4ecmByBane. 3au4omo godpomo'He e

mDaHCUeAeHmHA cbWHoCm' A UrnAHeHmHs npupoga u qe/t HA

virg"wir;mo ctu4ecm$yBane. Hpahcmheuume kavecm0a caBampeutua 7e.,t u tnomu\ na io\ewkume geilcmhun' Emo

"or4b ko*o vucma npakmuka ehgemouuzrttbm e cuulecm0e-

ua 6opna ua vo0eukun tkuhom, ct0tpweuo u nb./tHo Hezo-Bo beiatuzupaue. Toii uzpassha codcmBeuama nosuqun Hac 86 6 o g nun vo Be k, ne e o 6 ama gy xo Ana c a -/n o g o c mannbvHo c ft7

u a\niowonHocm, ocruohana- ua vacmHama co6cm0euocm(Ilotumuka, II, [ 10; il, n, 5-7):' Kamo nbltHa pea-iugaqufl ua Btsrnoi(Hocmutne Ha uHgu-Buga m.nap. ehg'enonun cuHnTesupa B eguo ecmecmheuum-e6uotoeuvnu Bteqenus u nompeOuocmu' gyxobHume cnocoo',{ocmu, npupogHomo u coryua.uuomo. -Tn -e cBoeo6pasuanb./*to. urtu tlfl.nocmua cunfouu.a. Ha \o^ewkume nosumug'Hu oaoeHocmu, a ne nskakt| pumbltt Ha eguH eguucmheu,,n6piten makm". fipehnaam korneumamop nuozen 4o"p'uufi oeslomuDa npu6tu3unxetHo movHo Uuze-tega Ha Apuc'inori"nt ,,76rt n'puernart sa kpaiiua yet notihaHemo Haqo6pogemertma 6 cn7aputeuus-*uAom- Iltacmuemo - kaz-"Boi *"ofr - e ctL,necmHomo nblqo nolsqaue He mpu poga6taza: napho no sHaveHue, moha ca gyutehnurne, Bmopo,moha ta rfiet"cuume, kamo zgpahiimo, cutama' kpacomamau gpy?u nogo6uu u, mpemo,

-moha ca Buuutuume 6taea -6ozamcmhomo, sHamHocmnla, ctaaama u gpy?u om moSupog" (V, 30).' " H; ocuohama Ha ncuxorrozus/na Apucmomet pa3'tuva'-Ba gha ocuohuu Buga godpogemetu - guaHo3muqecku uemiqecku (Huko'naxoha emuka, I, I3). Pasrtukama ne^xqlftLflX npouSmw^a om omHouteHuemo Ha pagyrna katn vo^ew-komo'no Beg euue. I uauo emuve c kume g o6p o g eme4u c e 6as u'pam ugktlovumerrHo Ha paquoHatHume cnocooHocmu Ha'unquhuga, gokamo emuvickume - Ha polflma ua *enauu-

"rio, io'ipefinocmurne ua upaha ua uuguhuga.nuanoimuueckume go6pog eme"tu ca g o6pog emeltume Ha

nxeopemuveckun pazyn; nre ce ocuohaham Ha paquottarHa'

t4 l5

ntu gefluocm kamo nom u cpegcmho kun nocmuzaHemo Hdu(trurtama B upaBcmhe+ama gefrcmhumetHocm, c7tpzauu(il t: yrtcm4euume cnocoduocmu Ha uHguBuga u 6oeamo."r,ll'ttlr*ameLHume pKy/tmamu Ha nosuaBameiuama ny geii-n(t(rn, Om masu ?tegHa movka uaii-npecmu*ua go6poge-tt.tf./, e ../rrbgpocmma, B koamo nosHaHuemo gocmu?a gotl'npxo0uume qeHHocmu ua uoheukus *uhom - uumetik-,nyurtrtume kavecmha (suauue, pas./t4uwteHue, pasy/n). Ca-,tuttutt nosuahameteH npoqec B uezo9ume Buctau ,,emaJkuutt ttuil-6oearno cngtp*ametHu onpege/reHua B ughecmeutitullhl e u npoqec ua Basuukho.He u Ha gtt6oko c./nucrteHoaomu0upauu npe*uAahaHun, Ha cazgaBaue u kytmuhupa-,te ilil Bucoko npa^cmqenu qeHHocmu. V,noepeHuetno -ttttll,tepm-aha aHmuqHnflm futocof - e uaii-nputmHomo unull-npekpacHomo (Memafuzuka, XII, 7).

ll emukama ua Cmazupum sa Bucutu npahcrnheuu qeH-,to(nut ce coqam uzo6u4o gyxoBuume Bteno*nocmu u cno-ct6tnctnu ua ungu\uga, koumo, cnornazaiiku B naii-zotarnar'lilrn(.,t 3a gocmu?aHemo Ha ulacmuemo, ca ocHoBuo uguc-klhtte Ha *uBoma. Om rnnx ua nnpho ./nxcmo e 3HaHuemo -{inkrn, koiirno ge6eto nogvepmaBa sHaveHuemo Ha paquo-Itilnur/na B nart-odryufl crnucb./t Ha gyrnama. E^gernouue-]'t7otlt tru aHmuvHua rnucltume"4 e grtdoko paquoHartucmwe-eku, taulorno cbz.4acHo c moha Btpxo-Buume npoahu uavo[Jerukama geiiruocm ce omkpuham-B ucmuHama u o6pam-no * Qakmum,e Ha sHaHuemo ce rnamepuatu3upam B masug etl t rc cm. Paquona,tuz lnb m,n ap kup a,, Ba puama cueHamy-1tn" ila Bcnko 'nopatuo geilcm|ie, ru1zohotito lnflc.mo nefl<-gynteopetnuveckun u npakmuveckus c'nucttt, sH&Huemo u gefr-(ltt0uemo, gnl*utnomo u peatu3upaHomo, emuueckamanpenopuka u ueilu9mo pes/tHo nokpimue, ugearta u geilcm-{lumetuoctnma, *etanuemo u gbtza - ugea, konmo ce,t(ta?a kamo koncmpykmuhen meopemuvecku npuuqun utlelenolazaula Hoprna ua eqponeiickama ky.omypa. Paquo-I t tt 1 tt 3 /nb m

-H 4 ap uc mo m el u 3./r, a. c Brp z B a o 6 ulaa np a B c mB e-

tto-emuvecku npuHqun B kavecmhomo ,uy Ha ugear c eguHu-ttnurte Qakmi u npoahu ua *umeficEama "npakmtika,

urtipatnno - nohegeuuemo Ha omgeltHtts uohek 6 Bceo6uqumettolr./nu u ttozoca ua gyxohuua *u^om uzodu4o. Ommyk Btt(,?o e sa/to*euo u paz^upauemo sa gbrtza kamo ,nomir na.uopartHomo noBegeltue, kotimo onpa^ga^a uHmepeca u gefi-cm$uslna ua uugu\uga, gokortkomo omzohapafi ua odqo-, t., It e ut kum e Ho plau Ha xy rn aHu3 rtta.

O6ave za pastuka om Cokpam Apucmome't ue omt*ge-cmLnha HanbrrHo go6pogeme.nma cbc 1HaHuemq a omvunxaportsma u Ha gpy?u Qakmopu, koumo Qop'nupam rnopa.tHuno6pae ua uo$eka, kamo cmpacmtna, Botama, upaUtm (l'o-lrnilA emuka, I, 1).

Emuueckume godpogemertu ca cbulo sHauu,nu upahcm'Beuu.cnocoduocmu ua uuguhuga. Ho mexeH lttamepuaieHcyflcmpam ca afiekmume u gpyzu nogodpu cacmosHlts, cBtp'dauu Z Bo.aama, xapakmepa u uahuka. Te ce omuac'flm no-Henocpegcmheio g'o npak'muveckama geiinocm Ha uoheka unpahitima, cufilogahaHemo ua koumo goBe*ga go goc'mueaHemo na nacta*geHuemo u xaptnoHuama B *uhomaua vo6eka. Kr'n max npuuag.ne*am y.nepeuocmnna, xpa6po-c rnm a, B e t u ko gy utu enio, 6 ia z o p o g c m B o m o, o m kp o B e no c m'ma u np. B kavecm0omo cu Ha ctnatnyc u Hopt a zpa*gaH'ckume'go6pogemetu cttqo cn&gam kurn emuve_ckume 9o6-pagemitu.- Om max sa uati'suavulna u _ynu0epca4ry9 :.e'o

nfu eg "te c np a Beg t uB o c mma ( H u ko n axo B a -emu ka, I I I, 3 ).ttiaiomo oiuuqetmBahane kamo Bceo6u4o 6aazo sa-zpatk-gaHume e egHa om sagaqume Ha notumukam!, lnpazlcuaha--qa

rypahcri\euo-BosnumanrerrHama cu portfl kamo eakouo-g:amituu $yukyuu - oflcmoameacmhomo, koemo nogckae-ba Btmpeiinama Bpreka nelcW emukama.u notumukama Bcucrnertatna Ha m.Hap. npakmuuecku nayku.

,Tpume ocuohuu imt.a6a Ha ilopartHama futocoSux n9Apuimome't ca fiuotozuueckume i gpyeu nogoduu nompe6-nocmu ua unguhuga, pasy.ntbm (znauuemo) na iuauocmrnau epa*gaucliumeiakouu na gup*ahama. Texuus.m cuHmesusirase-Ba nb.nHama uqeHmuvHocm Ha uoheka, ctu4uocmmaui uoptnume ua uoheitkomo 6umue kamo ln-npa ua o6t4ouo-Beutkomo u unguhugya-/tHomo, ofiekmuhnomo u cy6ekmu0',rotno Havato, eguniinho Ha npuPogama u uuguhuga, uo6e-utkume Bteno*uoctnu u fttflxHama npakmuuecka peatuza'4ua, ne*gy ugeata kamo Bapxohno 6.aatkeucmho u pasrtu-vuu,me - ikono'nuvecku, co4uatuu u gyxohuu - Qakmopuua o6u4ecmhamo. Tosu ocuoheu uzBog e u ztahuonxo meo-pemuvecko zaheu4auue ua ,,Hukornaxoha emukau Ha zeHu-AT|HUA AHWUA€H TTUCltUmert.

Paga Page0

16

KH'IIA IIJIABA IITPBA

Bcnxo nsxycrno(1) n ncxro r.rscJreABaHe, KaKTo t4 Bcfr,_x.H uocrbnKa (rp&[tg) u cbsuareJren ne6op, H3rJre)KAa cecrpeMu KbM HrKaKso 6raro. 3arona go6pb ca onpeAeJrr{_Jrur qe braroro e roBa, KbM KoeTo nc"qxo ce "rp.*i"ej.-i.Ho co BHxra, qe nMa HsKaKBa pagnr,rKa MexAy rlenure _€nHt{ ca geftnocrn (bv6p7eu), a Apyru ca Aerra (6ryorr) npeaynrar Ha rrx. M or rrx HMa HrKolt, rofiro ca'qerrnnTIloJtHO OT nocTbrrKnre; B TaKHBa Cilyqa]f, AeJraTa, ecTec_?BoHo, ca no-go6pn or 4efiHocrure(3). 3. flose:re'"rrq""_TFyhar MHoro nocrbrrKn, r{ r,tsKycrBa, u nayxu( ), ro rls_gHKDf,T H MHOrO qenl

- 3ApaBgTo e rlen Ha MeArrqnHaTa,xrtpn6r'r - Ha fopa6ocrpoHrercrsoro, no6egaru _ ,ilc'r'poTcrt,lflTa, 6orarctngTg- Ha r.r3Ky_crBoro Aa ce ynpaB_lf Hna ,qoMaKnHcrBoro. 4. Bcu.rxu re(5) ca nol.rr,rn6Hr.r HallnKrlKna cnoco6nocr (Ddvcpr6), rarro Ha esAaqecKoToH$KycTBo e no,qrrr,rHeHo r,r3KycTBOTO Aa ce [paBrT ro3Ar,r 14Hc H rt K tr Apyrrl es4arr ecKE npncnoco6Jr eulrr, a nocJreAuorolltrK, KaKTO r.r BcrKo BoeHHo 4eftcraue, ca IIoAqI{HeHH Hac1'paTerr,tsra; no cbrqufl r.aqur r4 ocraHaJrrate gefinocruBarHcnr or Apyrfi [cnoco6Hocrn].*. Btn Bc]rqKu r.flx rleJru_Te H& BcHrrKn ocHoBHu gefiuocru ca no-rrpe[noqnTauu orl(exHTe Ha Tegu, KotrTo ca noArruHeHI,I - saITIOTO I{ KbMn(rcflegnuTe ce crpeMfrT sapa1v ntpnnre(6). 5. O6auelrflMa Hr.rKaKBa pa3JrrrKa Aa,rvt resu gefiHocrn carleJrLrre Harl()c'r'bnKnTe I,IJTI{ Ca HeIIIO Apyro, oTIeJIHO OT Trtx, KaKTO ellcHo oT cnoMeHaTI{Te HayKr{.

IJIABA BTOPA

Aro rlenra Ha Herrla"a, Konro rrgBbprrlBaMe, e )KeJraHao'r' Hac 3apaAlr caMaTa Hefl, a Apyr.r{Te ca, gapaA]/- Hefr,.n HencurrKu qenr rns6up. aMe 3_apaarl apy"o (sarqoro ,raKa ce:1'"lu rrvr 6esxpafinocr(7), ,a*i '""

"rp"*e)Kbr Hn etrc,3cbgbpxareJreH u_ 6ee-goleseq), ro qcHo e, qe u rrle Aae 6raroro, u ro Hafi-s4Eurero. t'-'M rr:n;"narn.."Hr"oibio' r roflcHeHufi Ha npeBoAarra. )

L7

'' il il I.-1 :'l ;; :., , :::.' :::i ,.:i{.: .,

v9/av

rIo3HaBaHe lIMa roJIflMO 3HaqeHl',Ie 3a xHBOTar I',I TaKa -Karo crpeJlql{, HMaIrlu IIeJITa' - no-Ao6pe JI}t [ocT[IraMeToBa, roero e seo6xoAllvro? 3. Axo rosa e raKar TpfloBa Aa

ce o[]ITaMe Aa KaxeM HaKparKo KaKBo, nafi-cerue, e

caMoToToI,IKbMKOflOTHayKUTeI',IJIt',tKbMKO.floTcrroco-6noctnte (D6vcpt€) I'lMa ornollrenne(8)' 4' Mo:re 6u ule ce

npl4eMe MHeHlreTo, qe KbM Hafi-sucuara n naft-ocHoBHaTa

"'"v""igl. .5. A qcHo e, qe roBa e HayKara 3a,[bpxaBata(10)

lrotrlttrri). 6. 3aqoro nMeHHo rfl rpeArlucBa KaKBI'I HayKn

ipr6na An :awa B lbpxaBnre n Ko]I or rflx l'I Ao KaKBa

creneH BceKH ga ueyvana. Buxgaue onle' qe safi-noqnra-

Hure croco6Hoctl't (D6vclpr€) - TaKnBa Karo crparernfl''Ta' I.t3KycTBoTO Aa ce ynpaBJItBa AoMaKIIHcTBoTO' peTop14-

Kara - cbrlro ca rIoAqI{HeHH Ha :p.eg' 7 ' floHexe ce

SaHI{MaBa I,I c ocTaHaJI}ITe npaKTl'IqecKlt HayKI{' a ocBeH

ToBa rrocraHoBflBa KaKBo rpa6na [a BbpruI{M I{ or KaKBo

rpn6na Aa ce BbsAbpxaMe' io neftsara qer o6xsaqa IIeJII{-

re sa BcHqKI4 Apyr!{ HnyKvt, TaKa qe Tfi HMeHHo ule eqoBelrKoro 6naro. 8. 3a[Ioro MaKap v \r e eAHo I'I cblrtro

6naroro 3a oTAeJIHI'tfl qoBeK I{ 3a AbpxaBara, Bce rraK

lr3rJre)Kla e flo-Ba)KHo I4 no-npaBI'IJIHO [a ce orKpHe v !\a ce

ona3Ba 6laroro 3a.Abp>KaBara. To e xeJIaHo 3a BceKI'I elI/IH

rrooTAeJIHO, a oqe no-npeKpacHo I'I no-Bb38ltrrreHo e Aa roLrMa Haporbr I'I ilbp)Kanara(11). 9-Wrara, KbM Te3u Yeqae HacoqeHo Hallrero LI3CJIeABaHe' Koero e gAI{H nran [uay-rrHo crvuxenrae] 3a Abp)KaBHI'IqecKoro I{3KycrBo

lrohorri;1tz).

TJIABA TPETA

,{ocrartuuo 6u 6nlo Ka3aHoro' aKo ce I'I3JIoxu scHoturi-nnut"puq. 3aqoro He eAHaKBa roqnocr tpa6na ga ce

TbpcI,I BbB BCI,ItIKI{ pa3cbxAerdfifr, KaKTO He ce rbpcl4 It B

galraarqnft cKrlTe npol'I3Be4e sus- 2. B npexpacHvtre ti cnpa-BeAJII{BI,ITeHeIIIa'cKoLIToce3aHI{MaBanoJIlITHKaTa'LIMaToJIKoBaroJI'Mapa3JII,IKaIdHeycTaHoBeHocT'qe}r3rJIexAarv vtna caMo B 3aKoHl'ITe' Ho He u no upupoga(l3)' 3'

Hqxaxsa raKaBa HeycraHoBeHocr vtv.l u upn 6larata,

l8 19

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETUKA. KHHTA I

[orrc)Ke or rffx sa MHogrrua,rtpor{3Jrugar BpeAr4: egnu [xo_lref u unr 3arrrBa,r sapaAv 6oiarcmo, a Apyrn - sapa4r,rr'McJtocrra cra. 4. BnporreM, )KeJrareJrHo e Karo roBopuu ga't'o:rn DHI Herqa u cro6pasHo c T.sx, Aa [aAeM rrrrrpoKo r{rr6il1tr o6gcsesne, a r{ KagBaitxn sa resr{, KoHTo ia uafi-rrcc'lu H ronopefixu rro r.trx, cbrIIO TaKr.rBa ugBoAI,I Aananpauuvr(14). IIo rosr.r Haqr{H qe rpa6na ga pas6uparrae raHcrKO oT KasaHr,rre Herrla. 3arqoro Ha KyJrrypHnr u o6paso-onn (renar6eup6voEl qoBeK e npr4c6rrlo AoroJrKoBa Aa cec1'l)eMH KbM TOIIHOCT UO OTHOITTeHI{e Ha BCeKU OTAeJTeHprrl1 (ydvo6), Aoxomoro rrosBoJrrBa npupoAara Ha ca:vlufl,trl)e/tMer (rpdfpa). Heneuo e Aa ce ri3r,rcKBar eAHaKBrllrut(Ulu or MareMarvKa n oT peropa. 5. Bcerra AaBa npa-rurJlHa nperleHKa Ha oHe3lr Herqa, Korrro 3Hae, u e go6rp(r'r,/lt.tHK uMeHHo ga Trx. Cne4onare.nHo, o6paaonauuxr [anenlo orgenno], crgu qo6pe sa orAeJrulrre n'erqa, a o6pas6-rnur.rrrr BbB Bcr,rrrKlt o6.nacru - sa o6rqoro. 3arona r"rnalu-n'r' rroueK He e roAeH ga ce o6yuaBa B [oJrr{TtrKara, rroHe)KetlraMa onr{T s xr.rreficrure npo6leMn, a ryK roBoprlM,f nrx<lxgaftru] or rflxn sa rar(15). 6..Ocnelr roBa, cneg-nni.irn go6ponolno crpacrlrre, roft cJryr[a JreKoMtrcJreuo rr6eu rrole a, rtfi xaro qelra [na no.rrurlrrara] e He sHaHr,re-'l'(!, o nocrr,rrKara. T.IrL r^sv.a pagJrlrKa AaJrr{ qoBeK e MJIaAll() llt3paCT UJIII MJIaAeX IIO HatII4H Ha MLICJIeHe, 3aIIIOTOllc/locTaTbKbT He Ce A6JrXr4 Ha BpeMeTO, a npor43Tr,rqa oT'l'()ra, qe roft xnnee cro6pasno cbc cTpacrra H npecJreABancrrKaKBH rleJrr,r. Izfr,renso TaKa sHaHilero cTaBa 6egnores-ilo 3a TaKUBa XOpa, KaKTO r,r 3a HeBb3AbpxaHI,rTe, AOKaTOrlll XOpaTa, KOr.tTO HanpaBJrrBaT cTpeMexuTe.crr n 4eficrny-nll'r'B cborBercrBr.re c pa3yMa, MHoro rroJresno 6u 6uno ga:nrarrr regr{ Herrla. 8. A c orJre4 Ha cJryruarerg.u Ha roBa, noKaKbB HaquH rpn6na ga 6r4ar AoKa3anr,r Hetqara, lr KaKBoll1'3HaMeptBaMe Aa lI3JIOXr.rM, HeKa Ka3aHOrO ,4Oryx 6t4e/1()CTaTbr{HO.

TJIABA qETBbPTA

A cera nexa o6gcnr{M, rroAeuafiru orHoBo ropHnref)a3cbxleHws: r,sit Karo BcflKo gHaHr{e Lr cb3HareJreH lit3-6op ce crapae Aa rrocrr{rHe HJilKaKBo 6laro, ToraBa KaKBo

e ToBa, 3a KOeTO Ka3BaMe' qe [oJII{TItKaTa ce cTpeMx KbM

Hero n Koe e Hafi-Bltclllero or BcI'ItIKI't nocrlt)Kl'IMu 6tara?2. Bnpouer"r, roqrl'I BcI{qKI'I ce carJlacflBar c I'IMero; rqac-

Tr{e ro Hapl,Iqar ra o6[rnoseHl{Te xopa' n u3TbHqeHHTe

(L5a), rato crrsrat, ue go6pe Aa )KnBeeIu LI Aa l4Marrr ycrex'e eAHo lI cbrllo c roBa la 6lneur qacrJlr{B' A no ornoruenueHa roBa, KaKBo e Iqacrl'Iero, o6urnoneHure xopa crropflTxlr3Ka3Bar HeeAHaKBO MHeHI{e c roBa Ha MbApellure' 3'

3aulono 3a eAHI{ To e Heqo' Koero e oqeBI'rAHo Ll flcgo'KaKTo HailpuMep HacJraga' nln 6orarcrBo' IIJII/I iloqlrT' 3a

Apyru IIbK - Apyro' a qecro 3a eAI',lH I{ cbrllu tIoBeK

rrlacrl,tero e pa3JI[qHLI Heua - u eAHo' Id [pyro; sa 6orHns

- 3ApaBero, ga 6eunvA - 6oratctroro' a re3LI' i:i::

c63HaBaT cBoero He3HaHI're' IIeHfl:r BucoKo oHeSlI' Kol',lro

roBopflT HeIrIo BaxHo I'I HaA TexHnre Bb3MoxHocrn' H's-

KoH nbK cMffTar, qe ocBeH Te3I4 pa3nlrqnn 6lara' t4ua vt

il;;;;pF" 6ttu.o, cbllrecrBy,Bauro caruro no ce6e cu' noclrrara Ha Koero BclIrIKlr re ca 6lara(L6)' 4' Bepoxtno ga

ee ngcJleABar BclrtIKI'I MHeHut e no-6eenoJle3uo' a e Aocra-TbrrHo Aa ce I43cJIenBar re3I'I, KOI'ITO Ca Hafi-pasnpocrpaHe-Htr I,IJII,I n3rJrexAa, qe I{Mar pa3yMHo ocHoBaH}Ie' 5' tterpr6na [a cKpHBaMe roBa, qe uMa pasJII'IKa MexAy I'I3cJIe-

Anane, roero 3arroqBa oT HaqaJraTa u TaKoBa' HacoqeHo

l"t "u""" ara(L7). flpanunno u flna:ros LrMarue cr'MHe-

HH.r rro ro3lt Bbnpoc u o6uucJlflIrr,e, IaJII'I rrbr,ar e orHaqaJIaTa I,TJIH KbM HaqaJIaTa, noAo6no Ha ToBa, EaJIId Ha

cralfioHa rrbr.Rr e ot ap6urbpa Ha cbcresaHuero KbM

tll;u urn o6parHo(18). Cnelosarelno, rpr6Ba [a ce

3anoqHe oT rIo3HaTI{Te Helqa; HO I',I B TflX UMa paSAeJIefiI',Ie

- eAHIiI ca no3Haru 3a Hacr a ApyrE ca raKuBa raeo6qo

(brfdE). 6. Eeg cbMHeul'Ie^rpr6na Aa. saroqHeM or re3u'KoHTo ca [o3Harr 3a Hac. 3aioea rpx6na ro3!r' xofiro lle;;F; sa go6pure r cnpaBeErII{B,HTe HeIrIa' u,nso6u1o sa

TIOJTI{TIIKaTa, HpaBCTBeno la e 6ul neue go6pe Bb3nll-tan(19). 7. 3aqoro Haqaroro e roBa' Koero e

"ToBa'Koero" [ueu1o] (tri 6ct) Lr aKo ro ce oKa)Ke [ocrarbqHo'HflMa HIKaK Aa e Hy)KHo rlo-HararbK ,,3ari1o" (t6 6tott;'Taxrn qoBeK vJtvr nva HaqaJlarar lIJIll Moxe JrecHo Aa rl'r

npulo6ue. To:u ntr, xoftro HflMa Hl'tro egHoro or lBere'ga ce rc;ryila s Xegnog(20):

20 2l

,,Tocu e safi-[o6r,p or Bclarlru, xoftro BcrrrrKo caMpas6npa,

a cnoco6en rrbK e oH3r,r, rcofiro AorrycKa ga 6tge y6e-Ite H or rosI,r, rofiro roBopu pasyMno (e6);

a xofiro Hr{To caM pa:6npa, Hr,rro cJrymafirra nsxoro/\pyrnro BbgrrpueMa, rofi e Mb)K, HeroleH 3a KaKBoro r{ Ia6nflo.t'

TJIABA IIETA

A npre [poAbJIxaBaMe orraM, orKb,qero ce orKJroHlrx-uc(21). Wran<a, r,r3rJrexga ecrecrBeHo, ve [xopara] pas6u-pn'l 6naroro u qacrr{erq clopeA co6crnenus cn xusor.2.MHognncrnoro H TBbpAe npocruTe n rpy6ra xopa rroA ToBaprrl6npar yAoBorcrBr,rero, garoBa u o6nqar xuBor, roft:roe n3rrbJrHeH c y4oBoJrcrnut(22).3an1oro TpH Haquna Haxnuor(23) r,r3rrbKBar - To3H, sa roftro cera Ka3axMe,lyfoplrt{T - rroJrr4Tr,tqecKH, r'r TpeTr,rtT

- cb3epqaTeJreH

lOeopqrtrfo)- 3. n TaKa, TbJrrrara Han.bJrHo r,r3rJrex/raxa'ro po6ure, rroHe)Ke e uz6pana ga ce6e clr xuBor Karo Hac'raAo [r HaMLrpa HrKaKBo onpaBAaHr,re B IIpHMepa Ha oHe3r{x()pa Ha BJracrra, Kolrro xlrBeffT raro CapAautnxt(2{),K()raro e 6nn BbB BpeMe Ha BJracr H rrlacrr,re. 4. IrIsr.brrre-rrrl'r'e H gefiHnre xopa.rleHrr norrr,rrra; rrfi xaro npn6nn-rrr.r'r'eJrHo rfl e rleJrra na o6rqecr:Bernfl )KHBor. Ho nu cec't'pyBa, qe Tfi e no-rroBbpxHocTHa oT ToBa, KoeTo Tbpcr,rM.lhqoro LrgrJrexra, qe ce HaMupa lo-cKopo y re3r4, KourooKagBar rrorruT, orKoJlKoro y rogl{, rofiro e noquras. IzI'r'aKa, flpelrroJraraMe, qe 6naroro e Herrlo BbrperrrHo npu-0'lrll-fo n eI-Ba JrH r,r3KopeHnvro. 5. Ocnes ToBa, ]r3rJre)KAa, qelxoparal npecJreABar rrorrr,rr, 3a Aa Morar re caMr,rre AalroBflpBar, qe ca 6naropogHr,r; BrrpoqeM Tbpcrr qa 6rgarlt()qHTaHt{ oT pa3cblJlnBIlITe U OT Te3I,I, Ha KOHTO Ca nO3Ha-'r'r4, H ToBa - c orJreA Ha go6po4ereJrra. CreAosarerHorlcHo e, qe clopeA rrx go6pogereJrra e , pa:6upa ce, ilo-;1o6pa(25). 6. A uoxe 6n ugroft gopu 6u 6un sa MHeHne,rrc rq e rleJrra Ha troJruTnqecKl{r xuBor. Ho xsHo e, qe r.f,c:aMaTa e [o-HecbBbprrreHa; 3alqoTo r,rSrJre)KAa e Bb3Mox-no go6poqereJrHtrflT qoBeK 4a npe6ranaBa Karo B cbH HJrr,r

API,ICTOTEN

la 6bAe 6esAeen ilpes cBofl xldBor, lt ocBeH ToBa rB6p[eMHoro Aa rrouacfl ierqacru.f, il \a T 'bpr'v HecrloJryKu. Hu-roft ne 6u cuernaJl xllBeelqvfl aaKa 3a IrIacrJIr{B' ocBeHaKo He garrluulaBa ra3u re3a. Ho orsocno reSu HeIrIa -Aocrartrrno. 3arqoro B eHKHKJII{}ITe e Kagauo Ao6pe uAocrarbqHo zarxx(26). 7. TperuflT Bua )KI,IBor e cb3epltra-TeJrHuflT, xoftro [o-Hararr,K IrIe u3cJIeABaMe(27). 8- AyMegIIIHflT Aa neqeJII{ uapil e HaCI{JIHIAK VI fl,c'Jo e, qe

6oratcrsoro cbc curypHocr se e 6naroro, Koero rbpcllM-3auoro ro e noJIe3Ho 3apaAI,I [pyru Herqa [ygonolcrnraerolr noql{TTa]. Ttft xaro rla o6u.ra:r 3apagl{ caM}ITe rsx. HorcHo e, qe [opII vt Te He ca qeJII'ITe, MaKap H Aa IdMa

nplIBeAeHLI MHOrO pa3Cb)KAeHlIt B TO3I'I CMHCT'JI 3a T'fX'Bnpo.lerr Hr,Ie qe ru ocraBrrM 6eg nHuNIaHHe.

IJIABA IIIECTA

Izlso6ttlo Moxe 6ra e uo-go6pe ga o6ctgrau s vsE*rpHMrro KaKbB HaqLIH ce roBopu [ea 6naroro o6rqo], MaKap ]I [anu 6rre rpyAHo B ToBa rbpceHe nopa[H ToBa' EIe Harlr]l

rrprdflTeJrH ca BIBeJII{ rIAeI,ITe (dDog). Wnce fIaK H3rJIex[a'qe e no-Ao6pe I,I Aopn rpa6na [a orcrpaHl,IM I{ Jr}luHvrre cvtMHeHu.a B rIoJI3a Ha cnacflBaHe Ha HcrIaHara' oco6erro c.neA

Karo lr Hlre cMe Qu.nocoQu. 3aqoro Koraro I,I ABere HerIIaca eAHaKBo lN.dl",.Jllr V cK'bfrvl, cBeIrIeHa qecTHocT e Aa cerpeArroqer e ucrvnar a(28). 2. Teeh, Kour o ca BbB eJI I't roB aMHeHr{e, He ca Qopvrynraparn v$evre (f06a), c orJle[ HaKOLTTO Aa HaplrqaT HeIrIaTa u6pBI,IrIHo u BTopI4rIHo' nopaIHKoero nMeHHo re He cbsgaAoxa up,eusauucnara(2g). A6.rraroro(30) e r,rapaseno I.r B cBo.nra cbrqHocr, H B cBoeroKaqecrBo, lr B cBoero orHolrreHl{e(31), a cr'Ir1ecrByBalrlorocaMo ro ce6e cu I4 caMara cy6craHqu{ no [pupoga cafitpBurrnn cnptMo orHolrreHr4ero, Koero e no4o6no naHerqo rrpeAcro.ffrrlo u cnyuafiHo sa c6rltrecrByBauloro' TaKaqe He 6u uorno ra I,IMa HI{KaKBa o6rqa upefl sa BcI,IqKra rtx.3. 7I oqe, [oHe)Ke 6raroro ce I,IspaStBa uo roJrKoBa HarIH-Hr,r, no KoJrKoro ce Hapuqa cblrlecrByBarlloro (a ro, Hanpn-Mep B Kareroplltra cbrllHocr ce Hapnqa 6oxectso(32) uyr.,r(33), B Kareropntra Kaqecrno -

go6poAereJlll' B Kare-ropuqra KoJII4qecTBo - tvflpa, B KaTeropn.flTa orHorueHl{e

22 23

HUKOMAXOBA ETI'KA . KHUTA I ffi=_ noJre3Ho, B Kareroplrrra BpeMe

- ygo6eH MoMeHT, BK u'r'eropr,rfl Ta rrpocrpaucrBo

- yAo6so nolo:reHne, n r.n. ),'r'() lcHo e, ue 6naroro He 6u uorlo qa 6tge Herrlo nceo6rqon c/lHo - 3arrloro se 6n ce onpeAeJrrJro Karo 6raro srsrfcnqKl,t Kareropnn, a caMo B eAHa eAr,rHcrBena. 4. ltL otge,lr()He)Ke 3a Bcr,rqKu Helqa, cBbp3aHr,t c eAHa vAeA, HayKaTae c/lHa, ro 6u rpa6ralo ga 6rge elHa n HayKara 3a Bcr,rrrKlt6,rana; a r{Ma MHoro HayKr,I sa Herrlara, cna4arrlu KbM eAHaKn'r'croplrfl: Hanpr,rMep HayKaTa 3a cBoeBpeMeHHOcTTa Halroi,luara e crparerr{flTa, a Koraro ce orHacq Ao 6olecr -M c/lH rI r,rHaT a, *t 3a MrpKaTa npu xpaHeHeTo e MeAr,rqnH aTa,n rpn Tpyla - QnenuecKoro HaroBapBaHe [rnrnracrnxa-lrrf. 5. Hsroft 6u ce yqy[nJr KaKBo, nafi-cerHe, LtcKar AaKnxar c roBa ,,caMo no ce6e cu" (abto6rcotov), uoMKll'fo I,IMa eAHo r{ cT,IIIO IIOHrTrre H 3a ,,qOBeK CaM uO Ce6er:u" (rol"rtelu), u 3a,,uoBeK" (cbto&v0pcltro6)

- a uMeHHo

I rroHrruerol,uoneK" (cbro&v0prolto6). 3aqoro H.nr.,ia pas-JruKa Mexgy [nonxrnero] ,,qoBeK" n [nou.aruero] ,rqoBeKcnM rro ce6e cuo.I{ou rora e raKa, To u Me)KAy 6laroroe nMo ro ce6e cn n [orge"nHoro] 6naro HflMa pasJrnKa. 6. Houcc naK [6naroro caMo no ce6e cu] HrMa Aa 6t4e B_rro-r'oJrtrMa crerleH 6laro [opaAu ToBa, lle e BeqHo, ttft xaxto;1l'nnorpaftnoro 6slo He e no-6qJro or eAHoAHeBHoro. 7.I lo-npargonolo6su H uo-y6egnreJrHr.r H3rJrexlar rrHTaro-pciiqure(34), usxasnafiKn ce rro ro3H Bbnpoc, Karo rrocra-nr'r' egrrHr{rlara B Kpbra na 6narara. Izlsrre)KAa Cues-cnu(35) rrr e cJreABaJr B ToBa rrxHo MHeHtae. 8. Ho ga re3nnorqa ule roBopr,rM Ha [pyro Mrcro. A ea rory-ulo Ka3ano-r'o Moxe,qa ce uopo,qu H.flKaKbB cfrop, froHe)Ke He 3a BctKo6naro 6qxa ugragaHr,r MHeHHfl.z L ce Kaga ga IA:a:a B:aF,

l6rara], Korrro caMr,r no ce6e cu ca craJrHo )KeJraHr,t !ro6uvaHu; a or rrx ocbrrlecrBl,tMr,rre uJIH TaKHBa, Kol,rronflKaK Morar ga 6t4ar orra3eHu, r,rJIH Kor,rro nperrrrcrBarI r porr{ BonoJro)KHoro, ce H apr,rqar 6l ara oTHocr,rreJr Ho, qrro-pe4 Tr{xHara poJrr, u rro Apyt HaqnH. 9. C.ne4onareJrHo flcHoo, ue 6larara Morar Aa ce Hapr.{qar raKI4Ba B ABa cMr,tcbJra:c/lHl,rre ca raKrrBa caMr,r no ce6e c*t, a Apyrnre - noo'rHorrrenlre Ha rffx. W rlxa, cJre[ Karo pa3rpaHr,rqlrxMeCrlaroro caMo tro ce6e cu r,r roBa, Koero e cnoMarareJlHo HaHero, ue pa3cbxAaBaMe AaJrn Morar ga 6tgar 6nara,

BKJrIoqeHu B eAHa l{[et. 10. Ho uMa JII{ HflKaKB}l 6nara,Kor.rro rpnGna Aa cMtTaMe 3a TaKItBA ca,M,Vt nO Ce6e cn?Izlru iaxusa, KbM Kol,lro ce crpeMuM Aopu n Koraro KbM

TflX Hr/rqo ne ce go6aBt' KaKTO Hanpl{Mep pa3cbAl'I'rerHo-crra, speHuero, HtKoll yAoBoJIcrBI'It u rtoqnrta? Maxap uAa ce cTpeMI'IM Kt M Tesn lenfa 3apaAl4 HeIIO Apyro' Bce

naK ure rn [ocraB]IM cpeA 6larata, Kol'rro ca raK]IBa caM]ttrot""'0" cu. W.nu HtMa HurIIo Apyro ocBeH ugexta- [sa6raroro caMo no ce6e cnl ? Tar-a qe npasHa ule 6tgeTaKaBa vxes. ll.Alnaue, arb resn [6lara] ca cpe[ 6larataDcaMr,r no ce6e cutt, qe tpn6na Aa noKaxeM' qe noutrlteroga 6naroro e eAHo n cblrro npfi BcHTIKH Ttx, cbrrlo K,aKTo

rroutrllero ,r6erora( no orHoneHne Ha cHera n na 6e'nn-Jroro sa JIHIIe. Ho gpyrn u pa3rnqaBauil ce ca noHtrlltraSanotI}ITTa'pa3cbAJIHBocTTaIdyIoBoJIcTBI,IgTo'AoKoJIKo-To ca 6r,ala. C.ne[onatelno 6.rtaroro He e Helqo o6nlo,cblbpxaryo ce B eAHa l{1efl. 12. Ho roraBa no KaKbB Haq}IH

rnry c6 gona uue? 3aqo'ro ue no4o6aBa' qe ca pa3nurrxHHeIIIara, Koltro no cnyuafinocr I{Mar elHo lt cr'ulo llue' HoAaJrr{ Te [6narara] I{[Bar or eAHH I'I3ToqH]IK vtJ[t4 Bc*tqKvr3aeAHO ce crpeMflT KbM eAHo' IIJIU no-cKopo no analoru'n?Kaxro 3peHl,Iero - B TtJIoro, yMl,T - B ['ylrara, vI BcfrKo

lpyro HeIrIo - B Apyno(36). 13- Ho rroxe 6n'resu Bbnpocrlclia tpn6na 4a 6tgat ocraBeHll 6es sHltI"aHI'Ie; 3alqoroToqHoro ItM onpeAeJlenlle 6u 6nlo rro-ilplrcbrllo Ha ApyraQnnocoQnr. Crrqoro ce orHacfl n 3a v4esra; 3a[loroMaKap n [a CT,IIIecTByBa 9AHO HeIqO, 3a KOeTO BCUqKUgaeAno rBbpAtrr qe e 6laro' ITJIH Hetqo orAeJIHo ct'qecr-ByBaIrIo caMo rro ce6e cu, To Bce naK gcHo e' qe ro He Moxeui 6:,.ue HI{To ocblrlecrBeHo' HI'ITo npnro6uto or qoBeKa'

to"a e, Koero cera rbpcnr"r. 14- Mo:re 6n sa H.flKoro 6u ce

croprlJIo, ue e no-go6pe 4a paeueAaMe tona [6.rraro "caMono ie6e cuttl n cpaBHeHHe c oHe3H 6lara, Kol'tro Morar Aa6rgar npngo6urn IIJIH- rrocrltrHarl'I' noHe)Ke Karo I'IMaMe

TosH npl4Mep, no-go6pe trle BHA]IM KaKB]I HeIItra 3a Hac ca6lara,'n raho rH orrosHaeM' IrIe rn npugo6ueu'-15' VI

HaucrI,IHa roBa pa3cbxreHl4e SByqH npan[orloAo6xo, Ho

lrSrJIe)K[a, qe He e B cb3Byqne C HayK[ITe. 3aqoro BcuqKHHayKr.r ce crpeMtr rtvr uqxarso 6naro x ll3cJleABaftxra ro,Tbpct{T ToBa, Koero He locrllra, a ocraBqr 6es sH[IvtaHI'Ie3HaHrrero 3a Hero. Marap qe He e pas6upaeMo I'I npneM-

24 25

HUKOTVIAXOBA ETIIKA - KHHTA I

ill!lr()r q9 BcHqKH crlerlr4aJIl,tcTtr He Iro3HaBaT eAHo TonKoBailtrin{TeJrHo noMorllHo cpegcrBo rd He ro uac.negnar. 16.I lt:rcuo e KaKBa noJr3a 6u'uual 3a cBoero ngKycrBo lrrKa-ii !,'r' HJr r.r Apyr saHarrqmfr, rofiro rrosHaBa rona 6laro [,,ca-Mrr rio ce6e c*rtt], ultv D,arv ue 6tAe no-go6tp JreqnreJr,nlrlr uo-yMen crparer ro3u, xoftro e o4o6pun u npneJr sar,e6e clt ra3n u[et. Wrrft, rtBHo e, qe reKaptr He pagrJle-FJla lro rosu Haqr{H glpaBero caMo sa ce6e cm, a 3ApaBerong rroDeKa, r,r Aoprd 6es crNrHeHHe 3ApaBero Ha KoHKpereHqrlneK. 3aqoro toft rexyna BceKr,r eAran qoBeK noor,qeJr-itrt(37). W rcfr, sa re3r,r Herrla HeKa roJrKooa 6rge KasaHo.

TJIABA CEAMA

! lcra ornoBo ce BbpHeM Kt,M TbpceHoro 6naro, KaKBoHail-cctHe, e ro? .flcno e, rle ro e pa3rurluo cnopeA pa3JII,I-qnllrc nocrtnKu u usxybtna, KaKTo e pa3rl4rrHo B Jle.tn-'reJrcKo'r'o rr3KycTBo, B cTpaTerr{tTa, a cblllo TaKa H BrrrlnurrrJrHTe [usrycrnal. ItLyui,t, KaKBo e 6raroro sa BcflKort'l'lleJrHo neulo? He e lu ToBa, SapaAH KoeTo ce BlpIrIaTHr'llrrKr.r ocraHaJII4 Heula? B requrencKoro H3KycrBo roBae srtpnBero, B crparervtflTL e no6egara, B [oMocrpoureJr-t:'l'n0'l'o e KbrrlaTa, B Apyro Herrlo rrbK e [pyto, BbB BcflKatlilc'r"rrnKfl n cb3HaTeJreH n:6op e rIeJrTa; n 3apa.4H HeroE('HrrKr,r ocraHaJln Heura ce Bbprrrar. 3arona aKo elHo orE('HtrKr,r Helqa, KoHTo ce Bbplrrar, e IIeJI, t.a e 6naroto,xtt€'t'o Mo)Ke Aa ce ocbIIIecTBI4 qpe3 nocTbflKll, a aKo cafr(rlrcrrc - Te [ca 6lara]. 2. l\pognnxanaftru, Harrrerofla'rc'h)KfieHue Aocrura taMeHHo Ao Hero n'rpr6na Beqe [a.'c lucMeM Ia laneM no-o6urupHo o6.scHeuue. 3. flosexe errr'il(), qe IIeJIHTe ca MHoro, 14 or .Ttx ns6npaue HqKou?nprutu ,qpyrn, KaKTo 6orarcrsoro, Q.neft:rure n tago6u1olf !lc'tpyMeHTvtTe, To.flcHo e, qe He BcnqKI,I Te ca rIeJIu. Toua,n()c'ro e naft-npexpacuo, H3IJre)KAa e Herrlo cl,BbprrreHo.'l'rrxit qe aKo I{Ma eIHo Heqo, Koero eA[HcrBeHo e cbBtp-!!re no, ToraBa ro uMeHHo e rr'pceHoro or uac [6naro], aAKo ca noBeqe - Hafi-crsbprueuoro or rrx. 4. flo-clnop-ilrlrllo Hapr,rqaMe ToBa, KbM KoeTo ce cTpeMIrM .3apaAr,rt ilM()'l'O HefO, OTKOJIKOTO TOBa, KTrM KOeTO. C9. qTpeMHMrirllil/tH [pyro, u cbrrlo [no-ctntpmeno] rona, KoeT_e Hr{Ko-lrr rc l,rs6npaMe 3apaAn Apyio, orKoJrKoro roBa, KbM Koe-

TO- Cp crpe-MrrM.lt 3-apa,4l{-caMoTo Hero, I'l 3apaAl'l lpylg:TaKa qe clnspureuo e flpocro roBa, Koero e npeAMer HA

us6op Br{Har}I-3apaAlLcaMoro Hero u HllKora 1lpautl 4Pyro'5. Iulgrnexna, ue rona e nafi-seqe qacrllero' Hero us6npa-Me BI4HarH 3apaAl{ caMoro Hero u HlIKora 3apaln,Herllo

trpyro, a noqHTTa, yAoBoJIcrBllero lr yMa' u BcttKL go6poge-

i'"i, ".o"puvre

ot egrra crpaHa 3apaAI'I caMure rax (sauloto 1

MaKap I,I OT HllKOfl OT TflX HHITIO Aa He ilpol',I3Jle3e', uue Bcl i

"u" Oin"r" ue6pann KoflTo I'I Aa e ot rax), a or rpyra crp-a1a

rr,r rae6raparure Ia:apagrl uacrl'Iero' 3a [a Mo)Kevr nocruraft-*"-tt*,'lu 6uei qacTJILIBI'l' ,[oxaro suroft ne ur6upaKaro IreJr ulacrnero 3apaAI'I Tflx' Hlrro nso6qo sapaAu

"a-o trpvro. 6. Ye c'rasa raKa e tcHo cl'uo Ll or roBa' qe

;;?"'";;;;""oto 6narol e AocrarbtlHo caMo na ce6e cn'

Ctitp-"to 6naro usrnexga e roBa, Koero e [ocrarr'qgo

"uro ito ce6e cs'. loctarrueH caM no ce6e cI4 HapHrIaMe He

Togl,t, xofiro caM H caMorHo xl'IBee, a c poAlITerI'ITe' LI

AeIIara, I,I xeHI'ITe, u ugo6nlo c BcI'IqKI{ rtpnqreru u rpax-AaHI'r - rIOHeXe ilo [pl4poAa qoBeKbT e o6rqectneHo ct'Ille-cmo(3S). 7. Bce nar tp.r6na Aa ycraHoBrlM HtKaKbB npe-

uen; iauioto npocrrapafiKl'I ce ou1e ro-HararbK Kt'M Ponn-TeJII,ITe, rloroMquTe I'{ BHyIIure' Iqe crl'lrHeM Ao 6esrpaft-Hocr; Ho roBa Iqe orpeAerlnM Apyr nrt(39)' A npery:l-1:raMe, qe AocrarbrlHocaMo no ce6e clt e roBa' Koero npaBI't

)KuBora [ocroeH sa u:6upane H He HyxAaeu{ ce or Huuo'CMqraNIe, qe raKoBa HeIIIo e lr{acruero' 8' IzI rlo-HararsK';;;;;t;"nu"o or BcI,rqKI,r, 6eg Aa rury e npu6aBeHo Apyro'a Koraro r'ry e npu6aBeHo lpyro, [opn u nafi-ualKoro or6rarata, h-cuo e, qe ro e oilre fio-[peArloquTaHo'SalrroroI{so6[rnue,ro or 6lara rlopa)Kla IIOCTaBqHeTo Ha eAHIa npe[

Apyru, a rlo-roJltMoto 6laro BuHarta e no-xeJlaHo' Taxa qe

qBi{o e, qe'ulacr}Iero e Helqo cbBT'pmeHo I'I AocrarbrlYo;;; "'"

ce6e' cu, **o e IIerI Ha Aefrcrnu'sra' 9' Moxe 6lr

I,r3rJlex[a Heoc[opI',IMO [a ce Kaxe'-qe uacTl4eTo e tilal -

Bucrrrero 6naro, so ce H3ncKBa Aa 6l,ue KasaHo oue no-pae6npaeruro, KaKBo e. 10- Hanrpno roBa ue craHe' aKo

6rge pasrneAaHo [erloro (9p1ov) Ha qoBeKa' Karro npnugna6orsanrns $nefttvt u BaflTeJlff Ha craryvt, n npv BceKI'I

*ufictop, u r'rgo6uo B Koero u ga 6uno AeJIg I'I 3aHtrl{ea

;;;;"d;, qe 6raroro 14 cl,Bl,pneHcrnoto(40) e n [erloro'

26 27

't'nxtt 6n ngrJlex,qaJlo, rle e y qoBeKa, aKo r4Ma HgKaKBoiie!'(rrro 1eno. 11. Bnpoueu AaJrr,r Ha glr'aflTqnflTa H Ko)Kapt€ rlluotrl1o H.flKaKBo AeJro r{ 3aHrrr{e, a ua [apyr] qoBeK

-ltu*nKno, a rro npupoga Ha Hero e [prdcbrrlo Ia 6tge6e'l,tlcnuux? VInu KaKTo Ha oKoro, pbKara, KpaKa u ugo6-lllil rlll rlcrrKa qacT oT TrJroTo H3rJre)KAa e ilplrcbrrlo Hr-FHHno l1cno [dpyov - AeftHocr, npelHasHavenue], To rrotitulnr HaquH 6uxue MorJIu ,qa cMqraMe, ve Ha qoBeKa ellllil("hillo HflKaKBo AeJro B no-roJrrMa cTefreH oT Bc}rqKr,rTax. Knruo roraBa e ro, Haft-nocne? 12.Wsrrex[a, qe AaL1e rilffice e Herqo o6rqo 3a BcnqKo )KltBo, a rbpceHoro or!tf,(' e npncbuo caMo Ha qoBeKa. Cre,qorareruo rpa6na gaEC Oc'l'tlr]n HaCTpaHa XHBOTbT KaTO XpaHeHe I{ paCTeX.AHn cc rrpocJregr,r nbK Apyrara crpaHa or irlrBora, cernB-Ha'!'n, 'r'o lBHo e, qe I,t rlt e o6[1a u ga KoHt, u za 6uxa, u tallarlrNo xr,rBorHo. 13. Haxpan ocraBa H.flKaKbB AeeH )KuBor,Eoli'r'rl o ilpucbrq Ha pasyMHoro carrrlecrno. Egnara HeroBarlH("t,cc rroAqr,rHrBa Ha pa3yMa, a lpyrara e r,rMalqara pa3yMIt MucJrcrqara. Trfi Karo rr ce Hapr,rqa [o [Ba Haqr4Ha,T'pn6na /la [ocraBrrM Ha pagrJlex4aHe ra3r{, KoflTo ce orHa-r,i ,tqo ,l1cftHocrra, 3alrloro rt, It3rJIexAa, ce cM.flTa 3a rlo-gair(nu. 14. Aro qoBerrrKoro AeJro e geftHocr Ha Ayrrrara Bt1'lr(l'l'lrC'I'CTBI4e C pa3yMA vJlvl He OTAeJIHO OT pa3yMa, I{Ee'l!illMe, qe ToBa cbrqoTo AeJro cnope,q BHAa cu e ilpr{cbrrloHA 'r'o3u [vonex] r,r Ha ro3a 4o6ponopaAbqeH [uoner],rr'trlrl() KtrKTo Ka3BaMe Kldrapplcr lr go6rp Kvrapuer, ullf loc:'f'o ToBa Ka3BaMe 3a BcVtrKy. Herrla, cJreA KaTo e oflpe-,lr!Jtcuo trpeBb3xorcrBoro Ha go6pogereJrra cnprrMo,qeJro-'fr!: 3lr[loTo Ha Kr{TapncTa e rrpHcbrrlo Aa cBltpfi, a Ha,t1o6grnr Kr{Tapr4cr Aa cBupn go6pe; aKo BcHrrKo roBa e'l'nKn, cMqTaMe, qe qoBelxKoTo AeJIo e H.f KaKbB Br,tA )KtIBOT,xull'r'o e geftHoc,r Ha Ayrrrara H e cBbp3aH c pasyMHr,rllrtc't'trrKH. A na qOnex, xoftro e 4o6pOuOpfiAbqeH, e [pu-{"r,nlo ,t1a nH H3BbpruBa 4o6pe r,r [HponcrneHo] uperpacHo(E6 rcd rct"66). 15. Bcqxo Herqo ce r,rsrrbrrHrna go6per'i,rtGpasno c rrpucr'qara My go6po4eren. Arco e raKa,ir{xrcrrrKoro 6laro e geftnocr Ha Ayrrrara cro6pa:Ho cllo6pogere ilTa, a axo go6pogereJrr,rre ca MHoro - cto6pa-'r!io c TasH or rrx, Korro e Haft-go6pa u saia-c.sBbprrreHa;lh. n oqe B rleJrr,rr xr,tBor. 3alloro elHa JrrcroBr,rqa He

rrpaBu rrpoJrer, Hl,tro IrbK fl npaPv eIItH [cJIbHrIeB] EeH; I'I

cbrrlo raKa HHTO eAUH .[eH, Hlrro KparKo BpeMe rIpaBI{qoBeKa 6na;ren H qacrJII'IB(4L). 17.Wrr'it, HeKa rro ro3l'lHaqr4H 6rge onpegeJreHo s o6qu rvtrvtv 6laroro; 3arrloroMoxe 6ra rpn6na nafi-nanpe[ Aa 6lAe npeAcraBeHo B ocHo-

'

BHn qeprlt, a [ocJle ga 6lge o[ncaHo nolpoOHo' -bI'I MOTJIO

Aa.r,r3rJIe)KAa, qe BceKI{ 6u uortn Aa npo['bJI)K]I Harlpe,q u

Aa paSqJreHu Helrlara' Kollro ca go6pe oqepraHu no-rope'.ir.r qe BpeMero e orKpHBareJI ulr 6laropoAeH cbrpyAHI'IK"3a re3r,I HeIrIa. flo rosu HaqI'IH H HSKyCTBara ca HanpeAHa-

Jrlr; 3aTIIOTO npllcblrlo e Ha BceKn qoBeK ,qa AorIbJIBa TOBa'

Koero JI[ncBa. 18. Heo6xoAI'IMo e Ea cv npu[oMHLtM ]r'ropeKa3aHHTe HeIrIa' n qe roqHocrTa ce T'bpct4 Hee,qlraKBo'

BbB BcI,IqKu HeIrIa, a BbB Bc-flKo orAeJIHo Herqo clo6pasHoc [3cneABaHara TyK Mareput' I'l Ao TaKata crerreH|KaKBa-',To e npucblrra Ha caMoro Il3cJIeABaHe. 19' 3auro:ro crpon-;TeJItT u reOMeTbpbT nO pagJlI'IqeH HaqI'IH TT'pCtT IIpaBI{fllrbJr; nbpBI,IflT - AOKOJIKoT:o tofi e [oJIe3eH 3a AeJIoro

[npaxtuxar:a], a BTop]IflT - c orJIeA Ha roBa' KaKBo HeIrIo

e [paBl{tr srbJl ttJIH KaqecTBeHo KaKBo e; 3aIrIoTo e cb3ep-rIareJI Ha llcrllHHoro. flo cblrlllfl HaqHH rpn6na [a ce

rrocrbnBa H BbB BClltIKo Apyro' 3a Aa He craHar BTopocre-neHHlirg Helqa rroBeqe or ocHoBHure. 2O- F{uto urrtpx6na Aa ce rbpcl{ npfiquHara eAHaKBO Bt B Bc[rqKlI OT-

AeJrHr,r Heula, a e AOCTarbqHo B Te3l',l' KbAeto e 4o6penoKa3aHo, qe e TaKa; cblrloro ce oTHact I{ 3a HaqaJIa-r a{42). 2L. Fgsu or H aqaJl ara rlocrl'lraMe qpes vrr4y Ktil4s -

Ta, [pyrn - qpe3 ceTI'IBaTa, Tp-erl1- r{pe3 HsKaKbB o6u-

uafi, a gpyru - ro Apyr HaqI'IH .22,.Tpn6sa' AL ce saeMeM [a

lpocJreArrM BctKo HaqaJro clo6pasHo rlpapo'qara yy vrps6sa Aa HarIpaBI,IM ToBa ycbp[Ho' TaKa qe Aa 6r,4arnpanunno 4eQuxupanu. 23. 3auloro Haqarara HMar or-porurno r.Irtlfl:H]1re Bbpxy B cllq Ko rrocJIeAB alrlo. flonexe .ng r-JrexAa, qe HaqaJloro e rloBeqe or rroJloBl4nara(43) orBCeKn Bbnpoc H qpeS Hero MHOrO OT lI3CJIe[BaHI{Te HetrIa

cTaBar cbBceM nc'dvr.

TJIABA OCMA

Cre[osareJlHo ilpLIHIInnlr [na qacrnero] rpa6na ga

ce pagrJrexAa He caMo Ha 6asara Ha 3aKJIIotIeHvIflTL w

rilr('/luocraB xnre(44), a cr,rrlo u Ha ocHoBara Ha cblrrecrBy-iialrllr'r'c MHeH[rfl 3a Hero. 3alqoto'ucI4qKu re ca B cb3Bytlnei, lr("runil'r'a, a lacrn'1.ara 6tp:o BJrr{3a B Hecb3Byrrxe cJrtrJ(l'r'n. 2. I/1" raxa,6narara pasAeJrr,rxMe Ha rpr.r: TaKaxalre rreHH're BbHrrrHr,r 6nara(45), 6nara I{a Ayruara$6) ntiniil'll lra'rffJroro, Karo ga re3r4 Ha IylraTa Ka3BaMe, qe carraii-rrrrxsn u ca B nafi-ronxma creneH 6lara. flocrtnxr,rterr l{cillrocrnTe Ha Aylxara orHactMe KbM Ayrlrara. Tara qe'l'trlf ll, KOCTO Hne TOBOpI{M' e B CT,rJIaCue C'bC CbIIIeCTByBa-lrlo't'o c'r'apo MHeHr,re, Koero e Bb3[puero or BcllqKn SNno-r:urlrx(47). 3. flpanunuo e orr1e n ropaln roBa, qe orpeqe-{eun lrocrl,nK}r.lr ,{efinocr}r HapHrIaMe IIeJIH; ToBa cect'lnlcr ;1o 6larata Ha Ayllrara, a He Ao BbHlrrnure. 4. BG'l,tnyqHe C HaIU9TO OlpeIeJIeHVe e v TOBar qe e IqaCTJIIIBqrrheK, roftro )Kr,IBee go6pe v ltML ycfiex, 3arIIoTo ulacrlr-€'r'u lroq'rn ce Hapnqa 4o6rp )Kr,rBor I{ ycuex (eb(ofu rcifirpcf(c). 5.VIrrfi,.flcHo e cbllro, qe BcHqKu Herrla, KoI,ITo!l'tr:Jtc/lBaMe no orHorrreHne Ha rqacruero, ce cbAbpxar B

EA'ilnO'r'O. 6. Ha HflKOr{ HM Ce CTpyBa, qe ilIacTuero eguFpo;1crenra, Ha Apyrld - pa3cb[JlI,IBocrra, Ha rperl{ -u'h,lp()c'[Ta(48), na Apyrn naK - BcI,IqKu re Ltltvt HrrKoe orTet(. HMaqo o6qo c yAoBoJIcrBLIero ]1.jiru He 6eg ngsectHoyilun()JrcrBue; a HtKorI Apyrrl ntr npu6aB.f,T lI BbHIrIHorofr n r l'rr l r or y uue (49). 7 . }{nrou or re3u MHeHI,Ifl ce crro[eJrsrM' Mllo3ltHa OT ApeBHLITe' Apyru [I'LK - OT MaJIIIUHa' HO

IfllrrcJlaBeHfi; ailL 3a HnKoro oT Tflx He e BepotTHo Aal'frcllll'f tlt'B BCI,IqKO' a nO-CKOpO Te Ca [paBu 3a eAHO vrJII{gLilo|lcrtc'ro Henla. 8. Haurero onpeAeJreHr.re e B cbrJracue c're'u,r, KoHTo KasBar, ve [ulacruero] e [o6poAereilTa wn.re e HflKofl 406pogerel. 3au10to Ha Her e upucrrqa gefi-artc'r cr,o6pa3Ho c Heq caMara(sO). 9. Eeg crunesue upralt€MnJrKa pa3Jrr,rKa B ToBa, [aru cquraMe, qe 6laroro e ntafrr4'f'c)KaBaHoro or I1'Lc, vrntl1, r ynorpe6rBaHoro oT Hac, lIJ{n,nH c B cbcrorHuero (tfrE) :arprB gefiHocrra- 3arrloro eri'1, ir M o xHo cb rIlecTByB arrloro cbcrotHI,Ie Aa He ocbrrlecrB rir

ITHKaKBO 6naro, KaKTo HanpuMep B HflKofi qoBeK, rofiror'rn lrJrr,r no HflKaKbB Apyr HaylrH 6egleftcrsa; a sa gefino-r"r"f'a ToBa He e raKa - Heo6xoIr{Mo e La ce AeficTBa, flpn'r'ona lla ce qeficma 4o6pe, KaKTo n Oruunuficrure r,rrpn('r' lanpa)KAaBar c BeHTIH se safi-[o6pvre u H.afit-curtrure,

29

ta Te3I,I, KOHTO Ce CbcTe3aBaT (3aIIIOTO HTKOI{ It3Me)KAy rflx ilcraBar no6eAl,ITern), rara lI Tesll' KorITo Aeficrnar nPa-

'fBI4JIHO, nocrurar I,I npl,ITexaBar npeKpacHltre HeIrIa n il6larara B xI,IBora. 10. I4 rexHnflT )KlIBor caM rro ce6e cn e f

ll;ffi",:l'"'l*JJ,,i15;:Xi*r"li:;#::.1#:#l::;:ilce Ka3Ba, qe e o6uqaHo or Hero, KaKTo KoHtr - 3a .'ao6uqarquq KoHere, a 3peJll,Iuero - 3a ro3ll' rofiro o6nqa lil3peJInqaTA; IIo Ct'qII.fl HaquH ca I'I cnpaBeAJIIrBnTe Helqa 3u Lrbsu, KoftTo o6u.ra cilpaBegJrtrBocrra' u ugo6qo Herllara' fcBbp3aHH c go6po4eteJlTa

- sa o6n'raulnn Ao6pogereJlTa- il11. BnpoueM,3ayEoBoJIcrBl{.flTa cs crlopu; 3a MHosHHcrBo- tTO OT Xopara roBa ca Heqa, Koltro rlo [IpllpoAa He ca fTaKr,rBa, a sa go6pogereJlHI{Te xopa yroBoJlcrBldfl ca HeIrIa- ilTa, Kor,rro ca no npupoAa rIpI4flTHu(52). Taxnna ca nocrb- frlKure, Kol,rro ca cro6pasHll Ha qo6po4ereJrra' TaKa qe I'r 3-a fTfrx ca rtpnflT:n*l, ra iarnrra no ce6e cfi cL nputrHl{. 12. il,{eficrnnteJlHo, TexHI,IflT x}IBor He ce HyxAae or yAoBoJI- LcrBHero B AorrbJlHeHvre a He ce crpeMl4 orrle u KbM gelo tKaTo KbM HflKaKBO yKpauleHlle, a HMa yAoBoJl-crBu-ero B IcaMr,ts ce6e cu. 3atr1oro ocBeH Ka3aHoro AoryK, [TpqbBa Aa ilce Ao6aru, ve] ne e go6po4ereJleH To3I'I' roftro He H3nlITBa .5yAOBoJICTBHe OT npeKpacHuTe IIocTbnKH; HIITO IIT'K uxrOft [lira napexul cnpaBeAJII,tB oH3tt, roftto He I{3nIaTBa pa[ocr tor roBa Aa nocrbrlBa cnpaBeAJIHBo; Huto 6n HapeKbJr Itrle.qbp oH3lI, roftto He ce pa,qBa or lrreApl'tre nocrbrlKn; Il Irro cbrrllrn HaqI{H e I,I 3a ocraHaJIHTe [uo6poaere.nu]- 13. IAro rosa e raKa, caMu rro ce6e cu ocTaHaJIHTe nocrbnKu Icro6pasno 4o6pogete nra 6uxa 6unu rtputtnra(S3)- A nan- tcru*a, Te ca u npeKpactv!, vt 4o6pn, vt BcflKa or: rxx n ITBbple roJIflMa crefleH, aKo 3a rflx npaBI4JIHo orcGxAa Igo6ponopngbqHuffT qoBeK; a r:oft orcbxAa raKa, KaKTo Iragixrure.- L4. CnegosarerlHo qacruero(54) e seqo nafi- Inperpacno n naft-go6po, u nafi-npusrno' H He orroBapt Ha I""":ftX;iff i.#""#'.?f

tJ;*""""'";:ffi t",lTi?;1":?i,l

, so saft-npnrrHoro sa Hac e roBa,;ff;:l: KorIHeeM or I

3arrloto BcnqKr{ Te3I4 Heqa ca cpe[ nafi-nperpacHl'ITe Irefisocrn; a KagBaMe, qe re, ilruea*a- uafi-lo6para or

30 3l

riltx - c rqacrr4ero(56). 15. Bce uar H3rJrexAa, ue [qacru-errrf cc Hy)KAae Ir or BbHrrruu 6nara, KaKTo Ka3axMe;lanln'r'o HeBb3Mo)KHo uJrlr HeJrecHo e Aa Bbprrru go6pr,rii€trln'rosr,r, xoftro e 6es cpegcrna. 16. 3auloro MHoro HerrlatlF ll'l,l)lllOT * KaTO C nOMOIIITA Ha HgKaKbB IIHCTpyMeH'I!

-lrlrclT upurrervl uJr*r 6orarcrno, r.rJrn qpeg o6rqecrseHaE-1*1,[ll: HaJrH KOTaTO JrLrncBaT H'KOH HeIrIa, qaCTLreTO CeilapyuraBa - Hanpr{Mep raK[Ba raro 6laropoAen nporr3-*n;1, ,t1o6po rroroMcrBo, Kpacora. Crrcenr He e 6taxen'l'n!;r, xcliiro e c HarrbJrHo rpogHa BbHrrrHocr HJln e ne6.na-rriltrrllcH, rlrv e 6es6paueu nnn 6esgereH, a oqe rro-MaJrKoacpufl'r'Ho e [a 6tge rrlacrJrr,rB, aKo Eerlara My ]rJr[r np]rrre-nla'r'e My ca cbBceM 6egqecrHn, uJrlr aKo ca6unu go6pu, uogerre Hc ca cpeg xr{Br,rre. 17. CneaosareJrHo, KaKTo Ka3a--Ms!, H3rJrexga [ea rqacrne:ro] e Heo6xognMo orqe r.r raKoBaflr!Fltrcr,crorlr.vei orKbAero craBa raKa, qe HflKolr nplrpa-g;!xnn'f qacruero c ycflexa, a Apyr[ - c go6poAereJrra.

TJIABA AEBETA

A orryx BT,3Hr{KBa cnopHr.r.flT Bbnpoc, 4anu [qacrue-Trtf rro,qrexr,r Ha HayqaBaHe, vntv ce npu4o6nna upes o6y-telrnc(57) Hrr,r qpe3 npr,rBr,rKBaH e,vrJtv! qpes HrKaKBo ApyroyuilnxHeHr,re, yrltvt e AaAeHo xaro 6oxecrBeHa ctg6a(58),ItJnr uo cr{Jrara ua c,nyuar? 2. PeficrnureJrHo, aKo r,rMa 3a$)prlra H HrKaKbB Apyr Aap or 6orosere, To ecrecrBeHo e!!l{(:'ruero,qa e Aa[eHo or 6orosere, noHexe uaft-neue ro,{u' rrcl,tr{Kn qoBelrrK}r 6.nara, e naft-upexpacHoro. 3. TosaHcP()fl'rHo e IIoBeqe npeAMeT Ha Apyro pasrJre)KAaHe; Hof,(:lro e, qe aKo He e AaAeHo or 6orosere, a Bb3HnKBa or11r rfrpo gerel r a uilv or Hr KaKBo 3 HaHr,re r,rJr lr ynpa)KueHocr,'ro c cpe,q safi-6oxecTBexr,rre Herrla; sarrloro Karo HarpaAar! rtcJr Ha go6pogereJrra, H3rJrex,qa, qe e Herrlo Hafi-npexpa-cttrr, 6oxecrBeHo u 6larreno. 4. To 6n r,rorno ga 6r,pe unrrlr(o o6rqo 3a MHogltHa. 3au1or:o, B pegyJrrar Ha HflKaKBooFyveuue r.r saHr,rMa/Hue, e BbgMoxHo [a cbrrlecrByBa ylr(:HrrKH, KoHTo He caucrt4Hcrn go6poAereJrHr,r. 5. I4 garo-llrr aKo e no-4o6pe Aa 6gAeur qacrJr*rB TaKa, orKoJrKoro nor'lrraTa Ha cJlyqar, To BeporTHo SaToBa qoBeK e rrIacTJII4B,lr()Hexe ToBa e ecTecTBeHo sa He[IaTa, KOITTO CnOpeAnl'r.rpo[ara cu ca r.air,-po6pu. 6. flo cbrrlrrfl Haqr,rH e ri npr,r

iltffi'fr'; lAPUCTOTEA

rrIacrJrI,IB noquHaJII,Ifi, - vt Colos HqMa npeABI'lA ToBa' -a KaxeM, qe curypHo ce ctIlITa 3a [lacTJI[IB qoBeK, KOTaTO

32 JJ

t'uil xtt'ro qe JIu Beqe ce HaMl4pa r,I3BT,H 3JIItHHTe H HeIrIa-*l'lltl'l'il, TO l.I B TOBa LIMa HflKaKBO CtMHeHI,Ie; 3aUIOTOat il"ncx/ta, rle 3a ro3tt, Koi,i'to e noquHaJl, HMa lr H.flKaKBoiJl0t r't t{tKaKBo 6.naro, a aKo ToBa e TaKa, TO e raKa r.I 3arrr!!rul, roilto He ycenla, HaflpuMep, rroqHTTa n upe3peHr,r-ts l'o, u ;1o(lprare rocrbrrKr4 Ha AeIIara ra nso6rqo Ha rroroM-

!:l,MncHr4c. 3auoro 3a To3n, xoftrcl e r{3)KHB.flJr )Kr{BoTa c}rll!fl("r'.ll 14 u() .qo cTapocT, H e 3aBbpIuI4JI xI{BoTa cu, KOraTo ellillil,[() l]peMeTo, ca RT,3MoxH]r MHofo noBpaTH no oTHo-tllr!liltc Ha lroroMrurre My u HrKor{ or rr'rx Morar Aa 6rl{arrlri[i;ro,r1c'r'elHH H B x(HBora cn ila HMar ycfiex no Aocrofis-c'run, il 3a Apyru - Aa 6r'Ae o6parHoro. 9cso e, qe Mo)KeItlr lr('ilKitK'bB HaqI,rH Te Aa )Kr{Beffr pa3Jrr.rrrHo B cpaBHeHHeE: f rftr/ptr{'re cu. Haucruua 6u 6uno a6cyp4Ho noquHanvflTI{fl (:c ilPoMeHrr 3aeAHo c Tflx H Aa cTaBa oTHoBo Ty ulacT-duir, 'r'y HerrlacreH. 5. A6cypauo e cr'uro n [yuacrra ua]lln'l'()Mr(r4'fe HnKaK lI rlo HHKaKBo BpeMe Aa He AocTr,rranllrllll'r're. 6. Ho rpa6na Aa ce BbpHeM Kr,M ToBa, KoeroItlrc',lrr 6eule neqcHo. 3arqoro HaBrpHo or Hero rrle cepflr6cpc rrpo6reMbr,, KofiTo cera o6crxgaMe. 7. Axo nau-G1'l'llrl 'r'pn6na [a ce Br,r1n KpaflT u eABa roraBa ga 6rger:!rlr'r'n t.r 3a IrIacrJrItB BceKu, He fIoHe)Ke e 6naxeH, a rIoHe)Kee frtur l'r'arr'u] npegra roBa, HLrMa HflMa [a e a6cypAno, axoainl'n'l'o HrKoii e qacrJrlrB, He ce Ka)Ke Hcrr4Hara 3a HeroBo-.'ft! (r'lr0'l'OflHHe B MOM9HTa, IIOpaA[I TOBa, qe He XeJIaeM Aaa'rilr't'ilMc 3a qacrJlr,IBr,r xlrBure 3apaI(H roBparnre, n rroHg-riF cMc Ha MHeHI{e, qe qacTHeTo e Heulo rpafino u HafIbJI-Hu lrcrrpoMeHJrnBo, a cr,46ara rbpnr.r o6parra npn egr,rH Hritrltlr rtoB€x? 8. 3arqoro rlcHo e, qe aKo cJIeABaMe iloBpa-f'ltrr(:'l'H't'c, qecTo IIIe HapeqeM elHH U c'I)ql4 rIoBeK Tyuln("I'JrHr], Ty - Hanpo HelqacreH, o6xsrrsafirn illac-i'rtilnurr rrogeK 3a HflKaKbB xaMeJreoH u secra6wnen. 9. HonlrKnK He e [paBHJrHo na ce npocJrelxna ctg6ara, rroHe)tre!rr' (l'r' Hcfl zaBilct ganra 4o6pe vilu roruo xr,rBee H.'lKofi,nrirxq) rte H T'I BJIlI9e Ha qoBeruKvfl)xVtBoT, KaKTo Ka3aXMe,!i { r,rlccrtseHll. ctr gefiuocrnre crropeA 4o6pogereJrra, Ha-t orlCllll KTrM [liICTHeTO, a IpOTHBOilOJIO)|(HI,IT9

- KbM

illo't'HBOI|CJJTO)KHOTO- 10. TOra, HaA KOeTO pasc.bx.4aBaMer r'r'ir, /(oKa3Ba ropHoro Haue onpeAeJreHue(61). 3arqoro rIIIIIi('C 0'I' TIORCIIIKHTE AEJIA HflMA TAKABA CHTYPHOCT, KAK-

Baro B AeftHocrr,rre cro6pa3Ho I{o6poIeTeJrTa; n ce cMrrracbrrlo, qe rs ca [o-TpaftHlr or Hayqnr{Te. A or rqx Hafi-tpaftHra ca re3n, KoHTo ca nail-noqnraHl,r, rloHexe npe-lurMHo u uaii-npogbJr)r(nreJrHo B Tflx IIIacrJIrIBr,tre npeKap-Bar xHBoTa cu; l ToBa n3rJrexlla e flpplqnHara Aa HeHSCTtfiH Sa6pana 3a re3H Herrla. 1 l. Toea, 3a Koero pascb-xAaBaMe, e y IqacrJll.rrvtfl. t4'roii e raKT,B rlpe3 lrerur cl,txr.rBoT; 3alqoTo oT BcHrrKH HeI{a BHHarH, I,lJIn IpeA]IMHO,npaBrn u o6prula BHI,tMaHI{e Ha re3H, KoI,ITo ca cto6paeHo,[o6poAereJrra r.r rBtpre go6pe ue noHacfl ctA6ara cncbpa3MepHo BbB BcrKo ol'HoIIreHI,le Ha[bJIHo lqe obnlgeft c:rrureruo go6pogereJleH I,I HeTIoKJI arH Mo 6esynpeuei,Karo xnagpar"(63). 12. Trft raro MHoro HeIrIa craBar,cayvaftxo H ce pa3flHqaBar rro cBoflTa 3HaqnMocr, tcHo e,qe He3HaqHTeJrHLrTe rIacTJltrBlr cJryqau, KaKTo n nporuro- r

[oJroxHt4Te ltM, He oIIpeleJrtT HaKJIoHflBaHeTo BeSHnre Ha.xHBOTa. A guaquunre n rvrtroro6pofttttt 4o6pr,r Hetqa,Korrro ce cryrrBar, npaBflT xr,rBora no-qacrJlHn (sarqoroo6Hruosexo re eAHoBpeMeHHo I,I yKpacaBar xl,tBora, H

TrxHoro r{3noJrsBaHe e npeKpacHo t{ gocroftHo), a cryqBa-rrlure ce [poTHBonoJloxHr,r Ha rflx Helqa noATncKaT H

Bpe,qflT Ha IIIaCTHOTO; Te HOCr{T MlrKlI l{ ilOCTaBflT IIpeqKI43a MHoro gefiHoctn. Bce nar, n rrpla Te3I,I cJlyqan rrpocBe-TBa npeKpacHoro r,I qoBeK recno rlonacfl uHoro6pofiunrer,r sHaqr,rreJrnr{Te Jror[l,r cJryqau He tropa,qu 6eouyncrne=

!9ct, a nopa4n cBoero 6aaropogcrBo r,I AyIrreBHo BeJInqHe.13. Axo Aefisocrure ca BaxHLr sa xLIBora, KaKTo KasaxMe,ro suxofi or rqacrndBr{Te He 6n ce npenrpHaJl B HeqacreH,noHexe Hr,rKora se 6u r,r3n'bp[rBaJr Aocroftnu ga oMpa3a H

JIolrrn HeIrIa. 3auloro cMrraMe, qe ro3H, roftro e Har,IcrlrHago6poge:reJreH H pa3yMeH, noHacq BcrKa crg6a 6raronp*r-croftHo H, AoKoJIKoro rlogBoJrssar o6cro.srercrBarL, rvr-Harn npaBr,r naft-nperpacHr{Te Herrla, ToqHo KaKTo 4o6pu-tr crparer r{grroJr3Ba HaJruqHara soficxa nafi -no4xoAr{Iqosa softHara, ra o6yuaprr or l{a,qeHrrre Koxu npanu Hafi-xy6anara o6ynra; no cbrqnfl HatrnH e I{ trprl BcHqKI,t Apyrur,r3KycHr{ vraftcropn. 14. Aro e raKa, rqacrJrr,rBrrJ{T HHKeraxe 6n ce npeBbpHaJr B HerqacreH, Ho paeGupa ce ne 6n 6nr6naxeu, aKo ro cnoJrerr,r crg6a'ra Ha flpnau. W raxa,HHKaK HrMa Aa e MHOIOJTHK r,r IpOMeHJII,!B; 3aIrlOTO He qeMOXe,Ua Clr OTI4Ae OT UIaCTHeTO HT,ITO JregHO, HI,TTO nopaln

34 35

HUKOMAXOBA ETIIKA - KHUfA I E,litllltt c:Jlyrlal{, a nopa[I4 SHaqItTeJIHlt ll MHoro6pofiHlr, orElrlt'r'o lttMa Ila ce BbpHe B filacT]reTo 3a MaJlKo BpeMe, aanu ltiofiulo ce BbpHe, ToBa rrle e 3a roflqM H 3aBbprrreHalelllrurtt H c Kororo e craHaJro Taxa, roii rue BJra,qee roJreMlrii rrlre KpncHH Heilra. 15. Bcr'rqHoc'r, KaKBo npequ Aa Hape-trFM ilulc'r'JrHR To3n, rofiro leficrsa cro6paano crc cbBbp-itfern'r't ,l1o6poge'ret$a) rd AocrarbqHo e no,qKpeneH cdlrrttilln cuara He 3a rrepnoll oT BpeMe, a 3a qeJrnfl cprilllrrlr"l .[ann rpl6na ga npnCranvlr.. vr ro3n, rofi:ro rue*UllCLllAKa I{ CtOTBeTHO IIIe 3aBbpIUH XHBOTa Cn KaKTOl'p{Frlilr, uoHexe 6r,,uerueto e Hen3BecrHo 3a Hac, a cM.flTa-Hts. 116 nlitc'fHero e rleJl u Heulo, Koero e ulo6rqo BrrB BcfKoHllr{nucune cr,nbpfireHo. 16. Axo roBa e raKa, 6la;reHultalflltfurMc Te3H or xr,rBnre [xopal, y Kor,rro nua 14 rrle ItMallr!r'r!rrelu're or Hac Ixauecrna], H rqe rH HapnqaMe 6.naxe-Hn, llo o'r'HoureHlre Ha re3n Heula Hexa 6r'ge onpegeJreHo?rlfl t((l8a.

TJTABA EI]THAAECETA

Jlu cc rBT,pAr{, qe npeBparHocrr,rre sa crA6ara nallr|'t(lMltHTe n Ha BcuqKH npntTeJrlt HnKaK He BJrnnrT Halllnr:'r'Hc'r'o, e rBbpge He6.naro,4apHo H rrpornBopeqarr1o Haodltlrrttpuerr{Te MHeHuq. 2. Tria Karo B ulroro6poilH*rre€Jtyt|11 11 ]{Ma TB'LpAe MHOrO pa3Il,ltll,tfl l,l HTKOH OT TflXlitll!€rlC' a /Ipyru ilO-MaJrKO' Hl'l CIIII'bTC'I'BaT' TO AA Ce [OBO-

lilt 'ur rrclKo u3rJrexla AbJrro u 6erxpaftHo, u aKo KaxeMtrfilrlo n HaKparKo, 6u 6uno [ocrarbr{Ho. 3. Kaxro orJlrrlilH't'c 3a HtKoro cryqau, elHH HMar HtKaKBa TexecT I,I

llrlx,rllllltrt' Ile3HuTe HA xuBOTa, a Epyru u3rJIexAaT nO:,neHH, 'r'oqHo TaKr4Ba ca u romuTe cJyqau 3a Bcr,tqKH npH-$'r'eJr!r. 4. A aar'u BcqKo crpalaHrde gacrra )KuBlrre xJrr,rllttrililraJrHTe(65), e BaxHo B MHoro flo-roJrflMa cTerreH,r!'l't{oJIKoTo ToBa, AaJIU [poTHBO3aKOHHI{Te r,I CTpaIIIHH He-rlln n 'f'pancEvtvre ca 6nnu Beqe H3Bbp[reHn vrta ce n3Bbp-lrtirn't n MoMeHTa. 5.W'rarca, tpx6na ga o6r,pneu BHHMaHr,rer;r 'l'olra pa3JIr{qfie, a Moxe 6u nose.re na xole6aHnero noU't'iloliloHr4e Ha rroqHHaJrI{Te - [aJIu Te yqacTBaT ts HqKoe6,rlrrrrr lrJrr.r B [poTr{Bo[oJroxHoTo Ha Heto. W,rar.a, tcHo e,lrc lrKo Herqo Aocrr,rra Ao rrx - 6nno 6laro, 6nlo nporn-rrolroJroxHoro My - T'|o e 6escnJtHo lt HegHaqHTeJIHo I,rJIIt

il,,rtI

r,rso6uro, uilv ga rflx, a aKo He e raKa, To e Ao raKalla creneH ':,flr rro raKbB HaqHH [CresculHo ]I He3Haqurerno], ve He:r,;fMO)Ke Aa HanpaBI4 UIaCTJII4BI{ Te3u' KOHTO He Ca' UII'I Ia, if,orHeMe uac'rne'ro Ha re3r,r, Kolrro ca [ulacrrnnra]. 6. Cne-'.trilAO B aTeJr Ho, ltSf JIe)K,IIa, qe ycnexu'[e H a IIpHtrTeJl I4Te, xaKl'o L]FH Heycnexnte r{M, c Heruo Bntvtnfl"t' Ha rlortI{HaJlure, n're ca .flTaKHBa I{ AO TaKalta cTeIreH I{Mar 3HaqeHile, qe HnTo iftuacTJIHBrrre llpaBrl'r HeuIacTHH, HH'fO hMaT HflKaKBo Apyro ,f"'::::::{fi:::r:::;:::"^",

A,- ilcrnero npr,rHalJrex[ K'bM gocroiiHn're 3a rroxBana xeuta flI{JIH IIO-CKOpO K'lrM IIOTIUTaHHTQ; 3aIIIOTO flCHO er qe He LrrprrHa[Jle)K]r Kl,M Blb3MoxHocrlrTe. 2. l[, tarca, rasrnexqa fBcqKo Herqo(66), gocrofino 3a [oxBaJIa, e raKoBa sapaxu fKaqecTBo'fo cil u 6usa xnareHo cnopeg orHolrreHllero uy fKbM Herqo lpyro. 3arqoro cnpaReAJII,tB]tr{T, cnaennRr, u ,i[ugo6uro 6,raroro u 4o6po4ere"nra 6uua'r xBafleHn sapann fItocTT'nKlr'rc H AeJIaTa, acvItts,l AT u 6r,psoHorl,ttlT, H ncxxo foT,4pyrr,rTe Herqa - 3aToBa, qe rto npupoga HMaT HtKaxno f,KatrecrBo lr orHorrreHr,re cilpsMo HflKaKBo 6.uaro ra go6po= [rroprAbrrHocr:. 3. Tosa e flcHo l,r or rIoxBaJIHTe KbM 6orose I- C'ITOTHeC€HLI Kl,M HaC' Te Ca CM9IIIHII ]1 TOBa e faXa, I3arrloTo KaKTo Ka3axMe, noxBaJIaTa npeAiloJlara c'boTHaeg- [ue(67). 4. A aro noxBaJrara e 3a raKHBa HeIIra, 'ro rcuo e, !qe sa Haft-[peKpacHr4Te Heula HtMa rIoxBaJIa, a HeIrIo no- IroJrrrMo n no-go6po, KaKTo ce H tsHxla; HaJIla 6oronere IcM.rrraMe sa 6naxeHu H rqacrJlrasr.r(68), a o'r' Mr'xere - |T93H; KoHTo ca saft-6o)KecrBeHH cMsTaMe ga 6laxesu- flo tcr,Illilrr Haq[H e H 3a 6rarara; 3auloTo uuxoft He Bb3xBaJIt- |-Ba lrlacrrdero raKa, KaKTo crrpaBeArI4Bocrra, a ro crasu IKaro Heulo no-6oxecrBeHo u no-4o6po, 5. Izlerrex,4a cno- |JryqJrHBo Euaoxc(69) e eanlraraBaJr y[oBoJrcrBliero Karo IHarpala. IIoHexe unxoi.i He xBaJrr4 y,qoBoJrcrruero, MaKap Iqe To e B Kpr,ra na 6narara; cMrrTaJI, qe e [o-Io6po or IfloxBaJl]rre, a raKHBa ca 6orosere [r Buclrrero 6raro; c rax Ice cborHacr BcuqKo ocraua.no(70). 6. lloxnarraTa ilpnJlJ{ra fHa 4o6po4ereJrra; 'rrfi raro 3apaAu Hefl xopara ca cKJroH-HI{ KT,M IIpeKpacHH IIocrT,IlKH; a SapalH IIpOCJIaBtIHeTO -

36 37

H'lrM /[CJlO, npOn3THr{ailIH 9AHaKBO }I OT f'flJIOTO, H OT AyIIIa-t'rr. 7. Ho Aa 3Harr rbHKocrr,t rro re3tr B:brrpocn e npuc:brrlolclx)fl'r'Ho Ha Te3u, Kor,rTo ca ce [oTpyavilu HaA flr,rcaHeToulr noxnaJrHn peura(71). Or xasaHoro Htr e qcHo, qe uacrrr-r:'l'() ilpHHaAJIeXl,I K'bM IIOTIHTaHnTe I,I CbR]prXeHnTe HeI4a.H, 143rrexAa rro'r'ogrr HaqHH crorr Heu1a'ra v JapaEH ToBa,ilG c HaqaJro - 3arrloTo 3apaAH Hero Bcnr{Kvr Hve npaBr,rMlr(:r'rrrKI,r ocraHaJru Herrra lt cMflTaMe, ue Iulacruero] e npu-illlHil'tr'f H [pl4rruHara ga 6laraTa) t4 cMflTaMe, qe e Heulo11or:'toiiuo 3a noqnT n 6oxecrBeHo.

TJIABA TP'IHAIECETA

l-lo,'rr,ii Karo rrlacrr4ero e HrrKaKBa 4efiHoc'r Ha Ayrrrarar"t,o6pa:Ho c rlrrJrocrHa'ra 4o6pogereJr, To rpx6sa Aa pa3-l',ncJ(aMe go6po4ereJrra; Mo)Ke 6u uo ro3u HaquH qe pa3-r'.,rrr/laMe uo-go6pe il qacrrrero. 2. Tosn, rofiro e HaucrlrHattIItl'fcH B IIl'pxaBHnq€CKOTO rl3KyCTBO, H3rJIe)K,qa, qe gaft-,r1o6po nle ce rpyAu sa go6pogereJrra. 3anloro'rofi xenae,lir HarrpaBr.r rpax,qaHr,rre go6pogeTeJrHl,r H nocJryrrrHr4 Ha:JllKoHH're. 3. Ilprarr,rep 3a Te3n Herqa uMaMe B 3aKoHoAaTe-Jrlr'ro Ha KpHTrHr4Te H JraKeAeMoHrrr,rre, H B Apyrn no4o6Hulrl 'f'lx, aKo ca c:bqecrByB anu(72\,4. Axo rorJa pa3c'bx,[e-llHC e IIpIIC'l,lIlO HA IIOJIHTI4KaTa, flCHO e, qe H3CJI9ABaH9TOltlc 6r'4e B cborBercrBne c nocoKara, n:6paua or Hac BlrilrraJroro. 5. flcno e, qe qoBerrrKara go6poge'reJr e ra3r,r,K(,r'r'o rpn6ra Aa ce pa3rJreAa, TaKa KaKTo rigcre/IBaxMe r,I

rroncrrrKo'r'o 6laro, H r{oBeruKoro rqac'r'He. 6. Bnpovevr,rl(,lrcrrKa HapIrr{aMe He go6pogereJrra Ha r.sroro, a ra3H Ha,lyurara. A sa rqacruero Ka3BaMe, qe e Aefinocr Ha Ayrrrara.7. Aro e raKa, To scHo e, ue rpx6na [oJrHTrlrKbr,4a 3Hae nolrilKaKbB HaqlrH HeqaTa, oTHacrqn ce Ao [yilraTa, cbrqoKaK'l'o JrgKyBarrlHrrT oqr{Te fipenJrexAa H rlrrJtoTo TrrJro;.orqeuollcqe, qe [oJII,rrHKara e no-gocrofiHa 3a noqnT L e no-nl4cr[a or- MeAr,rrlnuara. Oue3]r JreKapl,r, Kou'ro ca Hafi-rrcrln, MHoro ycr,pAHo pa6ornr ga orro3HaBaHe Ha qoBerrr-Ko'r'o r.trJro. 8. Tara qe ,r noJrnruKtT 'rpn6ra ga o6tpHeililrMaHrre Ha LISyqaBaHel'o Ha AyruaTa B TaKaBa cTefIeH,KilKuaro e Aocrara,qHa 3a lr3cJrelBaHHTe ryK Herqa" 3arqo-'r'o lla ce I,r3BbpruBa B rro-roJrrrMa cTerreH oT npeAJro)KeHaTa{)'r' Hac, rJeporrHo e rB'bp.[e rpy/lHo. 9. Bupoueu, 3a Ayuara

ffi=fl APT CTOTEA .qrul

"" -"ap" "ca,rrlo ga 6rgat I43rIoJI3BaHn - KaKTo HarIpHMep [rasano-rol, ue e[Hara qacr Ha Ay[Iara e HeManla pasyM' a Apyrara

- nvranla(73). 10. B Hactonnlnt MoMeHT HtMa HItKaKBo3HaqeHlre, AaJIn Te ca pa3rpaHIlrIeHu TaKa, KaKTo qacTuTeHa TTJIOTO U Ha BC'KO,4eJIHMO IIflJrO, I,IJII,I OT rJIeAHa TOqKaHa pa3yMa Ca ,qBe nO npHpOAa H€A9JII'IM14 sQrIlOl

- CT,IIlo

KaKTO B OKpT,XHOCTTa It3nbKHaJIUTe n BAJIb6HarI4Te qac-Tn. 11. Bnpouernr HtMauara pa3yM qacr I4Ma o6qo c 'ra3n,KOqTO e O6qa 3A )KUBI'ITe HelIIa, T.e. pacrl4TeJrHaTa

(t6 gottx6v) - ucrar.a [a Kaxa, qe rtl e npuquHara 3axpaHeHero lr pacrexa. Sauloro raKaBa cnoco6Hocr salyllraTa ce rIpHnI{cBa Ha tsctrqKu, KoI4To ce xpaHflT' BKJIIO-qllTeJIlIO U Ha 3apO,qHUILITe' U Ct'UIaTa Tfl e I'l B Te3Ur KOLTOca Berre r43pacJlI,l. flo-oepoxrHo e Aa e rfl, orKoJtKoro HflKoJ{

lpyra. 12. Iulsrnexga xeftnara go6pogereJl e HtKaKBa 06-ilI&, I He CaMO qOBeIIrKa, noHexe Ir3rJIe)KAa Hafi-Beqe Ta3Hqacr H Tasu cnoco6soct geficraynar rlo BpeMe Ha cr'H Hafi-MHOro, a go6poge:reJlHllflT H rIopoqHI{fT t{3o6lqo He MorarIIa 6bAar pa3rl4qeH[ B cbH.fl, ]I 3aroBa ce Ka3Ba, qe npe3rroJroBr.rHaTa or xr4BoTa cH IIIaCTJILtBI{Te He Ce pa3JIHqaBaror HeuacrHare. 13. BepoxtHo roBa e raKa; floHexe cr,HflTe 6esgeficlBr,re Ha Ay[rara - [opaAlt Koero rfl ce Hapl{qago6pa 14 Jror[a - ocBeH aKo HtKb[e B Het He npoH]IKBarHffKaKBH JreKLr ABLlXertnfr, or Kollro npoI,l3JIH3ar no-Io6p[ct,HHrrla sa go6pogereJrHHTe, orKOJIKoro sa o6urHoBeHH-Te xopa. 14. Ho 3a re3H HeIrIa - Aocrarbr{Ho. A xpaHlate.n-nata :rpx6na Aa ce [ponycHe, r:tfi rarQ no cBotra np[po4aTfl HsMa Hnrrlo o6ulo c r{oBeIIJKa'ra ao6polereJl. 15. Holr3rJrexAa, qe n HflKaKBa Apyra qacT oT Ay[raTa, KotTo eHepasyMHa' BCe IIaK no HflKaKT,B HaqltH yqACTBa B pa3yMa.3arqoro y Bt3,qbpxlrnfl vr HeBb3trr,pxarvfl Hlae XBaJII,IMpasyMa u r,rMarrlara pa3yM qacr Ha [yIIJara, Tbfi Karo rtr,rcrnHcKr,r rroATr{KBa KbM Haft-Ao6pnte HeIrIa. Ho usrrex-Aa, qe lrMa u H.sKaKBa Apyta qacT y'rtx, KoffTO nO flpupoAae nporlrB pa3yMa, Koqro ce 6opH cpeuy r ce nporl,IBouoc-TaBe Ha pasyua(74). flpocro cbtrlo KaKTo IrapaJlI,I3I,IpaHI{-Te qacTl,t Ha T.flroro, cJrel KaTo cvre nr6pann,qa ce ABU)KaTHAATCHO, Te Ce OTKJTOHflBaT O6parHo - HarqBo, TotIHOTaKa e !{ no oTHorrreHne Ha ,4ytuaTa - 3aIrIoTo cTpeMex}ITe

38 39

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA. KHUTA I

lun [oB'b3[bp)KaHr4Te ca nporr.rB pa3yMa. 16. Ho B TfJrorotsltx,|luMc re3r,r oTKJro'deldvtfl, a B Ay[raTa He rI4 BI,IxAaMe.lle;lu'rHo rpx6na Bce naK Aa cMrraMe, qe u B Aylrrara I,IMaHL1ill(], KOerO e nportlB pa3yMa r-r My ce ilporltBoflocraBfl, L\

(l'hrtp()'r'HBJr flBa. \7. A uo rarrs HaqnH To e pa3nr{qHo, He eEHxHo tyx. A rr cbrrlo r{3rre)Kga r{Ma o6tr1o c pagyMa,HnK'r() KaSaxMe: y Bb3.q,bpxaHHTe rr HecbMHeHo ce roAqH-Hf,lrn Ha pa3yMa. ocseH ToBa, BeporrHo npn 6laropa3yM-H]ilt r,r cMeJII,rf e no-cr.{JrHa; Sarlloro y Hero BcLIqKo e B

Ctrt'JhlcH€ c pagyMa. 18. CneUosareJlHo, scHo e, qe H Hepa-iyMnttTa qacr e AsoftHa. 3aruoro np]rcbrrrara Ha pacreHlt-5r'll n HnKaKBa cTeneH He yqacTBa B pa3yMa, a ra3H, KotTolrMn npoAeHo qyBctBoro 3a BJreqeHI,Ie u LIgo6u1o xeJIaHxe-'l'(), il(.) HffKaKbB Haqr,rH yqacrBa, AoToJrKoBa, AoKoJIKoTo ceg(:JryurBa B Hero u My ce no,ErII,IHgBa. W raxn, Koraro*RltlrnMe, qe HMa pa3yM y 6aulara ra y npnrrreJlnre, ToBa Hec t{nK't'o B MareMarurara(75). A ue pasyMHara qacr noltfrKnKbB HaquH ce flo,qquHflBa Ha pa3yMa HI,I noKa3Ba I,I

HnrroMHrrHero, r{ BceKI,r yflpeK u HacbprreHue.'l.,9. Axo utx'rltnfinn ,qa ce [oKa)Ke, qe I,I Tfl HMa pa3yM, To roraBa IrIe6t,lle l(uoftncrBeHa r{Marrrara pa3yM: or eAHa crpaHa, Tt eH€38tlr.rcr{Ma u HMarrla pa3yM caMa IIo ce6e cH, a or Apyra{1',r'llltHa - KaTo HrKaKBa Qyuruun, no,406Ha Ha ra3H, ct{r)n'r'o Aerero BHr,rMareJrHo cJryrua 6atr1ata. 20. Cnopegr'6!H pa3nHKa ce pa3rpaHr{qaBa r,r go6po4ereJlTa. 3au{oroailrrrraMe, qe or go6pogereJrr4Te e[H]r ca AuaHoerI{qecKI,I(trovoryrrdE), a spyrn - eruqecxu (!Omdg)(76); rrr"r,lHrHoerprqecKnTe cragar MbApocrra (oogia), cro6paen-'r'crrHocrra (o6veoq) n pascbArrr.rBocrra (gp6vqoq), a Kr,M

e'i'HrrccKHre - rrleApocrra (bleu0epdqto) n 6.naropasy-MHo'ro (orogpoo6vq). fooopefiru sa HpaBa, HHe He KasBa-Mo, q9 xsxofi e MbAr,p nlu cro6pa3I{TeJIeH, a qe e KporbKu,nn Crraropa3yMeH, r{ xBaJr}rM Mbgprrr sapa,qr.r ,qyrrreBnl{TeMy KaqecrBa $fq;. A nueHxo re3r4 or AyrrreBHnre Kaqec-'r'nlt! Kouro ca gocr:ofiulr 3a rroxBaJra, Hapnqarrae go6po4e-'t'cJt n.

KHI TA IITJIABA TIbPBA

I/f rT it, go6polerenra e gaofiHa - AtlaHoernttecKa,-or.

eAHa crpaHa, rr err{qecKa, or Apyra. ,{uaHoeruqecKara I,t

npoHsxor([a, r4 HapacTBa [peAHMHo oT y[paxl{eHue, rro-/pagll KaeTo I,IMeHHo ce Hy)Klae o.T orlnTHocr u npeue. Aerr,rqecKara rrpou3Tr,rrra or HaBI{K:i, orrtgero ce o6gcnr{ba!I I4Mero fi c r"ranro orKJIoHeHue or AyMara ,rHaBIlKt!('6OoE)(t). 2. Orryx craBa flcHo, qe HlIKot or eru.qecr<l4:{s4o6pogereJrl4 He HI{ e BpoAeHa rro [Pt{poAa; 3auloTo Hltlqoo'r crrqecrByBarrll,ITe no ilpllpoAa Helrla He ce npuyqaBa AaCbIIIeCTByBa IIo ,{pyl HaquH, KaKTo Hanp[Mep KaMbKt,T'xofiro ud npnpoga ce Hoclr HaAoJIy, He Mo)Ke ga 6l4ertpuyqeH [a ce I,IsAI{ra Harope, HI,ITo HflKoii, roft'ro roxBbpJrr AeceT xvlltfl,\u IIT'TH Harope, Mo)Ke Aa ro llpnyqn'Hrrro nbK orbHqT - AL ropl4 HaAoJIy, Hltro nbK ApyroHeruo, Koero IIo npnpola e cbs[aAeHo Aa cbqecrByBa noeAnH HaqnH, Moxe Aa 6bAe npnyrleHo Ia cbulecTByBa noApyr. 3. CrelosareJlHo, HHTo rro [p]IpoAa, Huro BbrrpeKlanpr4po4ara Ao6pogereJlI,ITe ca HI,I BpoAeHu, a no rtpupaAgcrrae HaAaFeHH Aa ru npil[o6l4BaMe 3a ce6e cu I4 Aa cTaBaMecrnrprngsr,I B T.sx 6.rrarogapesue na npIiBlIKBaHer:o. 4- IrtocBeH ToBa, u Heulara, Kol,rro npI4Te)KaBaMe rro npHpoAa,Hafi-HanpeA rL I{MaMe BbB Bt,3Mo)KHocr, a cJIeA ToBa rl'tocbrqecrBtBaMe B geficrnnrennocr(2). Tosa HruIeHHo cra-Ba rcHo, Karo AaleM npI,IMep c yceuIaHl4tra (a io0lorg): neor qecroro Blr)KAaHe nrn rIyBaHe ,406usaMe resl.I yceqa-Hl|ilfl, A O6paruo - rIoJI3BaMe ce oT Tflx' fIoHe)Ke rI',I HMaMe'a He rra npu4o6l,IBaMe, rIoHe)Ke cMe rI,I usrronsran4-Ago6po gereJr r,rre nprlo6us alule B rlpollgca H a ynp-a-4 H 9HI4.E-

ra(3), KaKTo e u npu lpyrnre n3Ky\crBa: Helqara, Koltrorpa6oa Aa npaBrdM, cJIeA Karo cMe 6ulu o6yveHl{ 3a rflx' ruycBo.ffBaMe qpeg [paBeHero uu. Tara HarIpHMep resu'KOI,iTO CTpOffT KblIIU, CTasaT crpol{TeJlll, uI TeSvI' KOIITOcr.uprT Ha KI{TapId, cnNpefirn, craBar KI4TapI,IcrI{. flo cl-ulvrlr raaqvu, I,IgBtpHrB aitxu cnpaB eAJI I,IBII HerIIa, craBaM_ecrrpaBeAnHBIt,'a or 6raropasyuHH fiocrr,nKH craBaMe 6la-ropa3yMHu, n or cMeJIH rlocrbnKu - cvrelu. 5. flotntpx-

40 4t

HT,IKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA. KHLIFA II

!tel|fl t'r) H'r'oBa, KoeTo cTaBa B Abp)KaBI,lTe: 3aKoHOAaTeJrr{-| !i ulrRltn'r' rpaxAaHHTe go6pogeteJrHr,r, Karo rr{ cBr{KBar -llilf!er*(j 'l'ttKoDa e xeJraHr{eTo Ha BceK14 3aKoHoAaTeJr; anli€:lli. Kon'r'o He npaBrr rona ,4o6pe, He nocTlrrar qeJrraeit, l,l il() 'r'oBa uMeHHo ce orJrr4qaBa eLHa A'bp)KaBa or;rrf|it. I HMeHHo 4o6po4ereJlHa AbpxaBa or norua. 6.tleuel'l'()ua, or r{ 3apa4ra eAH}r H cbtrln Herq4 u.ce- pax,[a,ri lilr'lililr BcflKa go6pogereJr, a cr,ulo ta scgxo r43KycrBo.Ie IIlr lrr r ( )'r' cB HpeHero na xntapa crana:r- "u- gctFpw;wfi orrrHF|r. ilFllc'l'H, l4 rlo cbxlufl Har{r,rH cTaBa n c .qoMocTpolrTeJr}r-lF, lt c rrc14rrKr{ oc'raHaJrn, rroHe)Ke Karo crporr go6pe, rqeeTntln'l'lqtl6pH crporireJrrl, a or Jrorrroro crpoeHe - Jro[ru.l, A ttxo He e raKa, HflMalre Aa r4Ma Hy)K[a o'r o6yveHne, aF€:llrlFlr rtlrxa Aa ce pa)K[aT nnn l06poAereJrHn, r4Jrr.r Jrorulrf a lnnrllne'ro cul. VIraxa, lro cr,uur HaqrnH croqr HerrlaTail rn o't']lrtrueHHe na 4o6pogereJrure; ?afqo.Io ysntpry.lari-Eil ll{tc'l"r'ilKr.r, Kor.rro Qe-. peaJrr,rsrlpar r ofnorlreHuqra Mex-qy *i|nll't'n, eAHr,r oT Hac craBar cnpaRe/tJrr4BH, a Apyrn -!lEtlllFlllrcllJrvBt4, a nparefixn Herrtro cpeq orracnocrr.r ]r cJre[ta't'fl crHKHeM Aa ce crpaxyBaMe lrJrrr ga 6tgerra cMerx,Eglill u'r' Hac craBar cMeJrn, a Apyrlr - crpaxJrr,rsn. floetlllttlt Harrr4H croflT HeuIaTa u no oTHorueHl,re Ha cTpeMe-alllte, H r{a rHeBa - eAH}r craBar 6.naropaeyrtrii n-rporxu,e npyr[ - HeBb3At'pxaHu H THeBJI]iBI,I, I4 TOBA e TaKa,tlrllie!ric cllHr{Te ce Ibpxar rro eAuH HaqHH, a Epyrr,rTe - rro{Fyr, t4 c cAHa AyMa, AyrrreBHr.rre KaqecrBa (€tq) ce ropa-*J!€'f' cl,oTBeTHO OT eilHId vr cr,flIu [OBTaptHH geftuOcru. 8.?drrurtr tpa6ra Aa onpe,qeJrr{M KaKBu ca 4-efinocrure - r'aitt[T'tt l]ll3Jrr4qHnTe AyrleBHr'r KaqecTBa c'r,oTBeTHo cJreABaTfFxlH'rc pa3Jrr4qr{r.3arqoro AaJrH KbM e,qHo r,rJrn Apyro oue!r'f' M,[ll/locTTA CV rJIe [pr,rBr,rKHeM, e BaxHO He MaJrKo, al'FlilU(C MHOTO, H AOp14 I,I3II'JIO BCI{qKO SaBHCI,l OT TOBa.

IJIABA BTOPA

A rrii, Hacrorrrloro cbtruHeHr{e HrMa reoperriqHattel(4), KaKTo Apyrr{Te (saqoro pa3cr,xAaBaMe He sa AanlUllrM KaKBo e go6po4ereJrra, a sa.Aa crar+€vgo6p_ogerel-Ittt), rtoHexe HHaqe or Hero ge 6n HMaJro HuKaKBa rroJl3a.tl lorr:r e ueo6xo4r,rMo Aa pa3rJreAaMe roBa, Koero ce orHa-

cr Ao nocTbIrKI,ITe, a LrMeHHo - no KaKbB HaquH Tpf6Bace H3BbprrBar re. 3auqoro, KaKTo raeaxvre(5), re ca nax3a TOBa KaKBr,r IIIe cTaHaT HpaBcTBeHI4Te KaqeCTBa.flocr:r,nnauero cburacHo BrpHoro ct'xAer{pre e o6qoHr{e ule ro npI4eMeM 3a ocHoBa, a no-HaTaTbK rrle roBopH3a HerO lI 3a TOBa KaKBO e BflpHOTO C'!,)KA9HHO H IIO KaKHaqr{H ce cboTHacr c Apyrr4re go6po4erern(6). 3. IIIecbrJracrdM npeABapHTeJrHo c ToBa, qe BcrKo o[pe[eJreHnO C?,At'p)KaHI'Ie Ce O?HaCfl AO npaKTHtIeCKHTe HeIIIa Hrpn6na ga 6tge nogpo6Ho, KaKTo KasaxMe u B HaqaJroroqe noHrrr.rsra rpr6na ga 6t4ar cto6paseun c'bc cbrrlHocTa Ha npeAMera. A n nenqara, KoHTo ca cBbp3aHr,t c nnKuTe u KoHTo ca [oIe3HH, HgMa HUKaKBa yCTaHOBeHKaKTo H.flMa [r B Herqara, cBbp3ann cbc 3gpaBero. 4. C"rreKaro raKoBa e o6qoro onpegereHue, To onpe4eJreHuga Bc.flKo orAeJrHo Heulo rr1e 6l;1e orr1e rIoBeqe Jrr,rneHoTOqHOCT,3arrIOTO He npOH3THqa HHTO OT HflKOe HSKyCTHT,ITO OT HTKaKBO npaBHJrO, a Te3r,r, KOTiTO H3BbprXBAnocTl,rrKr.r, rpn6ua BrdHafH Aa ce cto6pa:rnaT c BpeMeCNY'TAfi, KAKTO E B JIEqNTEICKOTO I,T3KYCTBO I,I B I,I3KYCT

Ia ce y[paBJrrBa xopa6. 5. Ho MaKap qe onpeAereHneroTaKoBa, r:pl6na Aa ce oflr,rraMe Aa noMorHerra. 6, HaHanpeg rpn6na ga ce o6tpHe BHHMaHr,re Ha roBa, se,4eTeJII{Te nO npHpo{a Ca TAKr,rBa, Ere He,qOCTI,rrbT u \4Utrur,Kbr rr,rllqqpymanar. Tpx6Ba oqeBuAHnre Herrla Aa

- r,r TBbpAe MHoroTo rr{MHacTr,rqecKH yrrpaxHeHHr,He,qocrarbq H r,rre p a3pyrrraB ar clrJr ara. flo ct nlux H aq 14 H

I,I3T{OJI3BAT KATO_IOKASATEJICTBA 3A TE3I,I, KOHTO HE CA flBHHKaKTO TOBa Blr)KAaMe nO OTHOTTJeHHe Ha CUJIa'Ta H 3,il,pa

HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA - KHUrA II

H fl F a x 6c s.ly sc'rne u. W r tft, 6n aropasyrra lrero r,t cMeJr ocrraFF lla'rpyutarlaT oT pr3JrilmbK nJIn HeAocTUr, a rr,r 3ana3Balilna, $ot:'ro e cpeAHo(7). 8. Ho se caMo Bb3HlzxBaHunrl,Hefl$("t'rrIH14flTa v pa3pyrraBaHvflTa Ina xauecrrara] ca orll llltc'r c,l].rH ]r cl,rrlH Herrla, a n Aefisocrr{Te rqe 3aBr,rcflT oTTflf , 'lnrrlo'l'o.raKa e npr4 ApyrHTe Herrla, [o-rBHHTe, Harrpu-t!€p !!lllr cHraTa - Tr{ ce c63AaBa c [oeMaHeTO Ha MHOrO*Fltttn u H3u'bptuBaHero Ha rexr,K TpyA, a uaft-4o6pe Mo)Ke[e r!r'r,lrloc'rBr,r roBa cnJrHr,rrr. 9. Tara e r4 [pr,t go6pogere-+l!T'F: u()ncxe Bb3[bpxafiKH ce or yAoBoJrcrBr,rfl, craBaMe€flnrrrplltynaHH,, yt cJreIJ Karo craHeM TaKI,IBa, Haft-MHorollqiara /ta ce Bbs/Ir,pxaMe or rffx. TaKa e u 3a cMeJrocrra= r!flr''ll Ka'l'o cMe npr,rBl{KHaJru Aa [peHe6perna*re crpau-Hll'l'F il(: llta ]r Aa cToI4M TB]pAO Cpeqy Trx, cTaBaMe cMeJIr{,* Enclt Ktl't'o cMe craHaJIn cMeJrlr, Haft-usoro IIle Mo)KeM AaH{A hl)xfl Mc cpeuy cTparrrH}rTe Herrla.

TJIABA TPETA

$Ipo.lcu sHaK 3a npu4o6urnre KaqecrBa rpn6na ga€tilF 'i',rna, AaJrr,r Aerrara (6pyov) HocflT yAoBoJrcrBve uiluE?Falllurue. 3arqoro xofiro ce Bb3Ar,p)Ka or reJrecnureHlt'ilRJlrr H ToBa HMeHHo My AocraBr y.qoBoJlcTBr,re, ep{aroplryrraeH, a roftro ce u3MbqBa, e pa:nycnar; r,r cr,rrlo,*nfi't'o cc pagBa, Koraro H3[r,p)Ka Ha onacsocrn, a HeFJ'pttltlr, c cMeJr, a xofiro crpaAa or roBa, e crpaxJrr,rB.Cflcrlorra'rcJrHo, err,rqecKara lo6pogerer lrMa Bpr,3Ka ctgrlErrJlc'l'rll,tnra u crpaAaHHrra. 3auloro or eIHa crpaHai&ltnJtrr y/toBoJrcTBr,reTo npaBHM JroruH Hetqa, Ho oT ApyraeTftAilll 3apaAn crpal.aHvero ce Bb3Ar,pxaMe Aa rrpaBrrMFtlfillf ucnla. 2. 3arona, KaKTo Ka3Ba IIlaroH(8), ipn6,r,aEllltl o't'MflaAn Aa cMe 6uln uayueHH n HacoqeH,n KbM:roBafin sr. nacflax4aBaMe H [a cTpaAaMe or Toita; or Koero 614?lla6rrrrn<1. 3arqoro roBa e npaBHJrHoro Br,snurasue. 3. VIfrlqt:, ltKO ,qo6po4eteJrraTe ce ornacflT [o rrocrt fiKure HE',,l't lir r:'r' 1,1 1'9, a yAoBoJr crB I,r ero H crpa[ aH r,r ero cr e.q B ar Bcr -f B ("r'f)irc'r vBcflKL rrocTbnKa, To roraBa 4o6po4ereJrra r,IMa.lif rlr'r K r c ylloB oJr cr BktflT a. H crpalaH H sr a. 4. Tosa noxag s arlt !rilnniirHHrra, KoHTo ca ycraHoBeHH 3apa4u rnx. 3anloro?F ('rr Jrcr(apcTB_a, a JIeKapcTBaTa ilO ct,rrlHocT,ra cu ca

IaIeHr{Te B noBeqe r,uru no-MaJrKo or neo6xo,qurroro KoJrHqecTBo nnTr{eTa r{ xpaHH Bpe[flT Ha 3ApaBeTo, a ToqoTMepeHr.{Te, cboTBeTcTBarrllt KoJr n qecTBa H cT, 3I(aB aT 3ApABero, r{ ro yBeJruqaBar, H ro 3ana3Bar. 7. flo cbtr(nr Haqe 14 rrpfi 6raropa:yvrlrgro, cMeJrocrra [r Apytr,rre Ao6pogeTeJIH; 3arrloro ro3l,t, xofiro ncnqxo ns6flrBLvt or BcI,IrIKocTpaxyBa, H He ce npoTr,rBonocTaBr{ Ha Hnlqo, cTaBa cTpaxJrLrB, a oHgr,r, rofiro ueo6rqo or Hr,rillo. He ce- 6ov, a orr,rEacpeuy Bcr,rqKo, craBa 6esctpaures. flo cburr,tfl H-Ag-L{_q nTogn, xofiro onurBa BcrKo yAoBoJIcrBue lr or HtIKoe He ceBb3[t,p)Ka, cTaBa paSrrycHaT, a oH3I,t, xofiro 6nra.oalcnxoyAoBoJICTBHe, KaKTO rIpaBtT )KtrBeeIrILtTe Ha CeJIO, CTaBA

43

Kt,M TfiX I,{ rH l{36flrBaMe, npLI ToBa xJIu He reilir-KonTpq6Ba, r,rJrlr He Koraro rpfl6Ba, uJItI He KaKTo rpfl6Ba,/LrIIO KaKT,BTO I'r ,qa e Apyr HaqHH, pa3Il4qaBailI ce oT [rlprrlrcaHr,rre orl pa3yMa. 3aroua u go6pogereJlure ce oflpeJrrrr Karo HqKaKBa 6e:crpacrnocr ('cnd0etcr) n cnoKofinne(9); o6aqe roBa onpeAeJIeHHe He e go6po, IIoHex(eroBopr{ 3a rr{x o6uto n 6es ,4a ce Ka3Ba, xar rpl6na u xHe r:px6na, u Kora, v uptz' KaKBu Apyru o6croqrercrsa.CnelosareJrHo, ocHoBHoro e, qe rasN go6pogeren(10KOflTO Ce OTHaCS AO yAOBOJICTBU'Ta n crpaAaHt4flTa,cnoco6nara Aa I,I3Bt,prusa Hafi-Ao6pI{Te HeIIla' a rlopoKbrnporr4BonoJroxHara. 7. A rosa craBa rcHo orrle [o-Harrr,r ra OT CJIeAHOTO: TpL{ Ca HeIIIaTa, KO}ITO u:6upavre,TpI{ ca re3n, Korrto rag6nreal,Ie - loqreHocrra' rIoJIe3H

T,q 4nBI{_ITnoro(11), a rpl4Te rrpor}rBonoJloxHl4 caUoro, npegHofo lI Hoceqoro crpaAaHI.re; I,I B:r,B BclrtlKI'rgo6pogerefl Hultr nocrr'nBa-[.paBHJIHo, a nopoqHn.flTlrrv, ,r ro Haii-seqe rro orHollreHI,te Ha yAoBoJrcrBlr.qro; Too6uro ga BcnqKH xrIBI,r cblrrecrBa u upH BcIdqKI,I Tflx cbrlTcrBa roBa, Koero no,qJlexn Ha us6op.3aqoro u Ari [oJre3Horo I,r3rJIexg,ar AocraBflIrrn yAoBolcrbne. 8.

rrporr{Bo[oJro)KHocr (Ha sa6o.nnnauero). 5. I4 crrqo, xfio-Hanpeu Ka3axMe, Bo'IKo KaqecTBo Ha AyIxaTa HMa oIIIeHI,Ie KbM tl e BT,B Bp'b3Ka C TOBa, KO9TO MOXQ Aano4o6pr,r r{Jr}r BJrorrru; rroHexe or yJIoBoJIcrBHtra Ir crpfiianra ce nopaxAar Jroluu KaqecrBa, Koraro ce crpeMl,l

OBA ETI'KA - KH'TA Itrlr I l r I rr I /le1,cfl 'r' a ce oTH acfl KbM yAOBOJT CTB t4rflT A U, CTp AAA:,lj,1l-ft t rt, tt rte o1'TrIx Bb3HlrKBa, 14 ce yBervqaBa, Ho c:blrlo TaKati ,tHl'nnn, Koraro re He ce poAqr, u qe 6larofiapeHrae Ha TflxFts F il(rflBuilA) V e cBbpSaHa c T.gX.

IJIABA qETBbPTA

lluxoii 6H ce yqygr,ur Ha roBa, Koero Ka3BaMe - qe1'Pn6utr. HontprunafiKlr crrpaBeAJr]tBH Heula, Aa craHeM cripa-F€llJluri14, a Lr3Br,prrrBafrrg 6laropa3yMHr,r Herrla - 6naro-lrRlyMnr.t; noHe)Ke aKo Bbprrrar crrpaBeAJrvtBu vr 6laropa-gyrrHn rtcnla, xopara Beqe ca cnpaBegJrr,rsu z 6naropasyM-HH! XltK'r'o oHe3H, KOHTO Ce 3aHI{MaBaT C rpaMarr,rKa I,ttayrltkfl, ca rpaMarr,rqrlr My3nKaHTu. 2. A Aa'nn rro cr,Illtrt!laltttrr c'rofll'Herrlara r4 npr,r r,rsKycrBara? Bctuluocr Br,3-Hctuo c He[tro rpaMarr,rqecKo Aa 6t4e nanpareuo c.nyuafi-Hu lr.nl.t uoHe)Ke e 6u.no ilo[cKa3aHo or HrKoto. B rarrscJ-lyrttlJ.l r{crprHcKr,r.rpaMarr4K qe 6r4e Tosu, xoftro Hanpa-All !!L'lll() npaMaTHqeCKO, BeIqO KaTO e3I,IKOBe,q, T.e. CTrrJIa-€Hri t'llilMarnqecKoro r,r3KycrBo, saJroxeHo y Hero. 3.I4 eroalle erlrra pasJrnKa Mexgy r{3KycrBara u go6po.{ereJrnre:9eUt(l'r'0 ilpor4sBeAeHusra-r*a r€KycrBaTa cbIbp)Kar s ce6e€H.rnrlc't'o cbBbprrreHcrBo -:- t6 e|l ; Aocrar:bqHo e, pax-Aaflxu cc, [a flplrrexaBar r.r3BecrHr{ KaqecrBa. A uocrrn-*H're cr,o6pa3Ho c go6pogereJrure ca cnpaBelJrHr.u u 6na-FapnlryMr{H He caMo a(O caMr.{Te re riO nixaxr,s r.aqvH caTHliluril, Ho r{ aKo to:u, xofit:o rla ]I3Br,pIrrBa, no HtKaKbBHBrililt o t'aKT,B: Hafi:nanpeA, aKo e gHaerq, BTopo - aKo e*iflrr;rrrrun cb3HargJren ns6op, r,r ro gapaAv rflx) H Tpero,&xrr Jle iicrsyBa yBepeHo 14 HelrsMeHHo H, rz.v.afr,Kvt BcI{rrKofutru, I'H lrpaBr.r. Tee u ueula He ce orqu.rar npu oBJraAqBa-ile'l'{i uir /tpyfuTe r{3KycTBa; [ocTaTr,trHo e sHaHuero. A notf'l'lrolilcHHe Ha 4o6pOgeTeJII{Te 3HaHI,IeTO rAMa MaJrKa LIJII4HllRllKBir cr4ra, AoKaTO He MaJrKO, a n3rI.nJIO ilMAT CVIA,f(itrllr'r'c r,rMeHHo ycJroBr,rr sa go6pogereJrnre, rroHexe or.lF("1'(l'l'o HM I,I3BT,pIlBaHe Ce nOpa)KAaT cnpaBeAJII4BI{ I,I

6flulopa:yvtrra nerqa(13). 4. BupoqeM nocrbrrKr{Te ce Ha-plrrnl'r' cupaBelJrr{su H 6naropagyMHrr, Kotaro ca TaK[Ba,ti 6 K n u'r'o cilpaBeAJrlr BVtflT VrilLt 6naropasyrraeH qoBeK 6u tuirln'r,f)nntJr. A _cnparegnnr vt 6naropasyrraeH e He rogr{,inji'r'o lrrpocro] Bbprlu raKuBa Herr1o, &'roftro tn npaBu

oue, y tscrlqKn Hac f vyncrBoro 3a yAoBoJrcrBueJ ce xynnupa oqe or Aella. 3aroga e rpygHo [a I{3xBa,piIHM or c

go6pe r{JIH JIoIro, HMa HeMaJIKo 3HaqeHHe 3a rlocrt,nKH10. OceeH ToBa, no-TpyAHO e Aa ce 6opnM c yAoBoJrcrBl

cv ragv crpacr, Koltro e npoHllKHala 4u6oKo B )KltBHu. 3arona u nplr [ocrbrIKI,ITe - 3a e[HI4 rloBeqe' 3aIIO-MaJIKO

- CT',{HM nO yAOBOJICTBII9TO U CTpa,qaHIreTO.

Ero ganlo e ueo6xognMo llrrJloro HH 3aHI,rMaHI,Ie AaHaCOIIeHO Kt M TflX; HaJIH' ,IaJIH Ce paABaMe UJIH

TO, OTKOJTKOTO C rlreBa, KaKTO Ka3Ba Xepaxnnr( 72), a s nTpy.4HHTe Helqa BI{Haru ce pa)KAaT I,I HSKyCTBOTO, Ll A

TeJITa, I4 C nOJIr{TnKara, HMa orHoIrIeHHe Kl'M yAoBoJIcTBI,t-ero r,r crpaAaHuero. 11. l/1. r'nit, HeKa ce cbrracnM, qe

AereJrra.3arqoro B To3l,t c.rryvail go6poro e no-4o6po.Tartqe u no ra3u npaquHa BcflKo 3aHHMaHI,Ie - v c 4o6po4e'

44 45

TaKsr KaKTo ru npanrr cnpaBe[JrriBure r{ 6"uaropasyvnruxgpa. 5. lrlrsit, [paB]rJrHo,ce Ka3Ba, qe c[paBeAJI]IB tIoBeKCe Cb3[aBa qpeg LI3BbpUIBaHeTo Ha cnpaBeAJIltBH HOII],&; H6naropaeyr'aeH * or n3B'bpruBaHero Ha 6JraropagyMHn. Aoi Hen3BbprrrBaHero Ha raKHBa HeIrIa HuKoft He 6H MorbJrAa craHe Ao6poAerelen. 6. Ho vrHosnHcrBoro or xoparaHe npaBflT HHrrIo TaKoBa, a npH6rrBaftxn Ao pa3cbxAer{I4-eTo, cMflTaT, q9 lro T0SI{ HaqItH, 3aHHMaBaftXn Ce C QUno-coflun, ure craHar Ao6ponopfl[brru-H. flpaneftrra r.oBa, TeLI3IIIIIBaT CbulOTO KaTO OHe3It, KOHTO OT eAHa CTpaHABHnMaTeJrHO Cny[rar JreKap[Te, a oT Apyra crpaHa HerlpaBfir H]rulo or roBa, Koero ]rM e [peAnr{caHo. 14 rlfi,CT,IIIO KaKTO HtMaT 3[paBO TflJIO OHe3It' KOIITO IIO TaKbBHAqI,rH Ce JreKyBar, TaKa H ,4yIIraTa Ha Te3H, Kolrro rro To3i,tHaqr,rH ce saHr{MaBar c 0r{Jroco{rux, HrMa Aa 6b[e B Ao6pocbcTo.ffH14e

TJIABA NETA

Cera rpa6Ba Aa ce pasrJre4a KaKBo e Ao6poAereJl-Ta(14). Bnpoueu noHexe cbuecTByBaulr4Te B AyrlraTa He-

rqa "a

rpu - crpqcq (lu&Oog), cnoco6Hocr (drivcprE), xaqe-' crBo [o6nagaHrae] (tErS). , To Ao6poAererrra ule 6]Ag.e-aHo, or Tflx rpr{Te. 2. Crpaf,f, Hapr,rqaM xeJraHHero, rHeBa,

CTpAXa,,{l,p3OCTTa' OMpagaTa' paAOC'rTa' npn.flT9JICTBOTO,HeHaBI,tCTTa, CbXaJIeHI,IeTO, 3aBUCTTa, CtCTpaEaHI,'{erO *luso6rqo BcurrKr,r Herrla, Kor,rro cbrrbrcrBar y4oBoJrcrBrneroHJrr,r crpaAaHr,rero; cncico6nocrn HapuqaM Te3u or rrx,6naro4apeHl,re Ha Kouro cue cfioco6Hla Aa Ngnfiraueregucrpacrlr, Hanpr4Mep re3H, rropa[r,r KoHTo cMe crloco6nu AaCe rHeBuM vtJlu AA. CTpaAaMe, uilu En LI3IHTBaMe CbCTpaAa-Hr.re; KaqecTBa nbK HaplrqaM ToBa, nopaAu KoeTo B cTpaAa-HrlflTa ce BJraIeeM go6pe Hrrl 3Jre, KaKTo HanpnMep nputrrtB, aKo 6yfiHo r4JIH BrJro ce rHeBHM, ce BJra,qeeM 3re, aaKo cpeAHo ce rHeBlrM -

go6pe; u no cbrr1ur Haqnu e n noorHorrreHue Ha Apyrnre crpacrr,r. 3.I/l tt i't, nuro go6poge-TeJrr,r?e, HI4TO rIOpOtInTe Ca CTpaCTn, rrOHe)Ke [-Le cllo,peA

tErE - cr,rp. - npugo6nro KaqecrBo, cnoco6xocr, cpbqxocr, B

pe3ynTaT Ha KoeTo .r{oBeK r,IMa B6TpemHa HaFIaca E e B c6cTotHEe AaIl3BLpmBa trntr Al3TrpEeMa pa3nI{tIHE He[Ia.

46 47

HI/KOMAXOBA ETUKA. KHUTA II

e'rllxc.lt{Te Ha xopara rn Hapr,rrraMe go6ponop.flAbrrulr r,rrHitl!t!H, a cnopel go6pogereJrr4rre lrJut nopoqlrre, r{ rroHexegtllflltH c'rpacTTa Hr,rTo Hr,r xBaJrrT, Hr{To Htr [opr4rlaBaT(lhulrlto He xBaJrflT Hr,rro ro3tr, xoftro lrgnI4TBa crpax, Hnro*tlll't'o ce rHeBr,r, HHTo rrbK 6una yxopnrau [Hnroft], xoftto€€ t'rtenn rto6u1e, a 3a HaqnHa, no rofiro ce rnern); aCfinpslt;lo6pogereJrr,rre r{ noporlnTe Hr{ xBaRffT HJrr{ nopu-g8nn'r. 4. I/I otge, ToBa, r{e ce THeBHM vrltv ce crpaxyBaMe,H€ e rpe[Bap]rreJrHo o6Mr,rcreHo, AoKaro Ao6pogerelure€l unn HrKaKbB cno6ogex ue6op, Hrr,r noHe He-.6n. ggg

€9tr6oAeu r,re6op. Brn nptsra cbc crpacrnTe roBoprlM 3ageHrcHHfl, a sa go6poAereJrr{Te }r fioporlr{Te - He qe Hr{f,lHxn'r, a qe ca HffKaKBa HaKJroHHocr Ha Ayrrrara. 5. 3aro-lll'l'e rrc ca cnoco6Hocrn. floHexe nopaAr,r roBa, qe npocroll0teM Aa lr3nr,rrBaMe crpacrr,r, He ce HapnqaMe Hurop06po,l1crenHr,r, HI4To Jlorun, Hnro rIoJIyqaBaMe rroxBaJrn,HH-rtt ylrper. I4 ou1e, cnoco6socrr{ uMaMe 3aJro)Ken}t nollpupo,lla, Ho He ce pax[aMe rro nprpo4a go6poAerenn]rf;fllt rropotrHu; Ho 3a roBa KasaxMe ilo-rope(l5). 6. CneAo-EI?eruo, axo 4o6pogereJrtrre He ca Hr{To crpacrr,r, Htrro€noe( )ftH ocrn, ocraBa re Aa ca HpaBcrBeHlr -Kaqec::n3l.( 1 6 ).A rexno e go6pogereJrra tro po4, Ka3axMe: - - --

IJIABA IIIECTA

Fkl tpn6na Aa ce Kaxe He caMo, qe e KaqecrBo, a u*trHo KaqecrBo e(17).2.Tpnfya4a ce Kaxe, cJro[oBitrsJr:Ho, r1s RcfiKa 4o6pogereJr npaBn crBbprrreno onoBa, tra:rter'(! c go6pogereJr r,r AoBexAa Ao nafi-go6rp pe3ynrar;ItnnpHMep go6po4ereJrra Ha 3penr{ero rrpaBH 4o6poxave-a,l ut:n{) }t oKoro, r,r Herororo AeJro, garltoTo nopalu 4o6po-rlF't'€Jt't'tt Ha oKoro Br,t)K,qaMe go6pe(18). flo crrqnlr Haqr,rHqrrfrpollclcn'ra Ha KoHr rrpaBn KoHr roAeH u go6tp u earrrrnltcr t{ 3a HoceHe Ha e3,qaqa,, t4 Aa rrpoTtrBocTou Hatlriatliul't'cJrl.3.W rtti, axo re3l{ Heu1a ga BcLIrtKo crotr noItrrt! tutrtHH, To rroBeluxara gocpoAeTeJr e KaqecTBo, oTF!rr:'l'o rr()BeKbr craBa go6pogereJleH I,t qpe3 Koero ,qo6peii i!n,f urnra AeJroro cu. 4. A rar qe craHe roBa, Beqe*:rrirxmc(19). W olr1e, u rro rogr4 Haqr{H rrle craHe rcHo,F4ril l)nsnflcAaMe KaKBA HMeHHO e rrpupogata nay. Brriir .rh() llCItlO, KOeTO e HenpeKbCHaTO I{ AeJII!MO, MOXe Aa Ce

API,dCTOTEA

pa3JII{qU no-roJlflMo, rro-MaJIKO }r paBHo I',I Te ca UJII{ noorHorrreHl4e Ha caMoro Helrlo, I'IJIH cnptMo Hac' a paBe_H,,c-

,r-Boro 9 HrKaKBa cpe[I,IHa Mqx(Ay 143JI]I[r'bRa- l'{-HeEocrl'l-ra(20). 5. A cpegnHa Ha Heluo HapnqaMe roBa' Koero e.

paBHo oTA,aJIeqeHo oT ,qBaTa My Kpafl, I'I KOeTO e eAHO lreI{HaKBo 3a Bc}rqKI4 He[la; IIo oTHo[IeH]Ie Ha Hac Totsa e

Heuloro, Koero Huro Hu e B I{3JIlIuI'bK' Hllro s HeAocrnr' Too6aqe He e eAHo H He e eAHaKBo 3a BcI'IqKH. 6. Hanplluep,KaKTO aKo lleccr'e-MHoro, iI ABe - MaflKo, uecTHllaracYlTaMe 3a cpellHHa Ha ToBa, 3alqoTo B eAHaKBa GTerr'eH

np-tlnraruana e[Horo u e ilpeBulrleua or Apyroro. 7. Tosa e

cpbguna cr,rJlacHo MareMaruqecKara nponopqrrtr. A noorHoIIreHI4e Ha Hac He no ro3ll HaqlrH rpx6na [a ce cxBaIIIa'3auoro aKo 3a llecer MHHLI MHoro ce flI\e) a 3a ABe MaJIKo,

YTII,ITEIflT fIO TNMHACTHKA H,'IMA AA ONPEAEJI}I XPAHATA AA

6rAe sa urecr MI4Hu. Tosa e cpeAHo, Ho ro e HJIH MaJIKo'HJrr{ MHoro 3a ro3I,I, xoftro urb ce xpaHn. 3a Mranou(21)ToBa e MaJIKo, a 3a rogu, roftro cera e 3arroqHaJl TpeHI'Ipo-BKII, e MHoro. flo clnlng HaqIT H e n 3a 6lraHeto, u 3a

crcre3aHllero rlo 6op6a. 8. 3aroea BceKlI 3Haelq Hs6qrsaH3JrlrrubKa H HeAOCTllra I4 Tbpcu cpeII'IHaTa v fl us6u-pa(22\, I4 To cpeAllHara He Ha Heulara' a rasu' Kotro e

cpeAnHa 3a Hac. 9.I/[rnit, aKo BcflKa HayKa rro raKbB HaquHgb6pe rr3nbJlHtBa cBoero ,qeJlo, cso6pa:xnaitxu ce ctccpelnHlrHara I,I KbM nen nogeftxu reJlara cu, (orrlgero e

HaBHKT,T Aa Ce Ka3Ba 3a ,UeJIaTa' KOHTO Ca CbBT'pIII9HOlISnbJIHeHlI, qe HI,ITO I,IMa KaKBO Aa Ce HaMaJII',I, HltTo KaKBOga ce npra6aBfi, noHe)Ke II3JII{Irrr,KT,T-,4 Hegocrl4rl,T pa3Py-rua_831' C1lBsplllellcrBoro, a Bp"o" lr HH aTa ro s anasn a),-rono6polerenia, raxro flpttpogara, e rro-ToqHa ra no-4o6paor BcflKo HsKycrBo, a ra3I,I Ha cpe,u'IHara6u6uta pa3yMHa-Ta rleJr ga cr,6.nroAaBaHe. 10. fonopa 3a erl{qecKara [go6-pogeren]; noHe)Ke rrr uMa Bpr,3Ka c'bc crpacrvre vI rrocrt'-IIKIIT€, a B TqX Ca H3JII{UII KT,T,. H9AOCTIITT'T n CpeAI4+Ii}-

ra(23); KaKTo HarIpI,IMep r Ea ce 6ou, u ga 6rge Abp3bK' I4

AA XeJIAe' u \a Ce rHeBur Id ,{a I'I3III'ITBa CT'CTpaAA}{III9, vt

neo6rqo ,qa ce paABa u 4a cxlp6u B no-roJlsMa HJII{ n'o-MaJrKa cTeneH Mo)Ke BceKI'l' Ho n eAHoTo' I4 ApyroTo He eAo6pe. 11. A Koraro rpx6na u or KaKBoro tpx6na' u noorHorrreHHe Ha oilpe,qeJleHH Heqa, u 3apa[ld KaKBOTO I'I

KaKTo rpx6na [ua ce H3rIlITBar re3u Helrra] - rona 'e-+l

48 49

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA - KHUTA II Ii:

€F€rtnun'r'n, r,r xaft-4o6poro, Ir.ToBa rdMeHHo e rrprrcbrrlo-Ha.nofllrrr,rlc'r'cma. 12. flo crrqnq Hquun e A B locrr,rrKnre -Fitif ulf JrHurr,K, HeAocrur u cpsgysa.lI rt{, lo6pogereJrrae€ ll p u rl n l n a B c r p a cr r4ae* H,II e p----------------,r b II K u re-i rqc-r G T o B a,tseTil c u H3Jrr,rIIl'b{,. e_ rpelr-Ka* KagT.o rle ao-cTr,rta e.IlpgA-HF't' rn yKop, a cpeAnHara e xBaJreHa u ycnerrrHa; a floe4e-IlHli'l'er ,tuc ca rp14cr,uIH na;lo6pogereJrra. 13. CneaosareJr-Ht t ;tr r61to,rlcreJrra* g Hq Ka KBa _cpear.r ua (2a) n 11_c1 ulgcrqy-ggr ti ir'f'(r cc c'i'penau rrna'u'rianfiipa ciregr.rH ara. 1.4- I4 ou1e,*$H utroro HaqrdHr.r , rro KoHTo rperxuM*tpax'r'c pHa 6eortpegesruocr, KaKTo rB'r,pgrrxa nrararopeii-,g$t'ts(?.5), a 3a 6Jraroro

-'fi.pe'fteJrHoarrft; rroHe)Ke'Aa noc-

lfall ll M r r pa B rr Jr Ho Mo)KeM_caMo tro'eAi,iH-Hftr+r4u. I4MeHHo9*q,ttFtr c/lHo'ro e JrecHo, a Apyroro - TpylHo : JrecHo e Aapp erpcuu.r rleJrra, a'TpyAHo e Ia ce yryqn. Ta sapa4n resuFelllH, ('JrC/lOBaTeJrHO, Lr3JIr{UrbKbT H HeAOCTHTbT Ca Rpr{-€lllll! rru lropoKa, a-cpegr,rHara - Ha go6poge,re4r4^

,,(''llMr) rlo egr{H Ha-nn+H cvre-Ie6prd;- :-*iIH lr() MHoro6pofinra naqlrlrn cvre .rrorur.r.tt(26)

r,r

Il, (',rre/lorrareJrHo, go6pogeren'ra(2.1) e KayecrBo,-Koero,'HnAncxrr ua crsHareref n:6op, cbcroH ce B Ta3r,r cpeAHHa,*€tlt'rr e rro oruouieiii.tE fi2t tltrc H-€ onpeAdreno cro6pasHo€_ ps'lyr'atr, H To KaKTo pasyMnr,rrr rroBeK ro onpeAeJrlr.Epeitn'r'rr c Mexly ABe sJrHHH, eAHara or Kor,rro e or HsJrr,r-

f*l?xa, lt ,lpyrara -- or ridfiocrfiia. 16:'Iz[ orqe, r,r 3aroBa eFpB ji tt I t tt, 3 a tlloro vM a v He,Uocrr,r r, n r,r3 Jr r,rllr?, K B noporlHTe,E et'ltFt:'r'r'r'e lr B rocr:bnKr{Te, a Ag6poaer,en14;1fiffirasa,a Frfiupir cpegr,rHara. 17. 3aTdba cnopeg c,u.Eiisiryra'"u-fieftsTHc'ro fi, xobro onpeAeJrr sefisoro eclecrno, Att6po-4F'fcn'm c cpeAuHa; a-9 *p5r no oTnomesl.le sa BHcrrreTo€itrn H GbrlbpnreHcrBoro. 18. Ho He BctKa nocrr,rrKa,glil'o ncilKa crpact,lxonycKa cpaAHHa; 3auloro-npu HJ{Kor{ B

ts e H r r'r'( ! r r a g B a H ne e H.3pa3eHo Jrorrro*KaqggrFo l gaot6tng),*:r*l'n nrurpuMep 3-rgpgggrs_9,_-"6e:rcpauiler 3ro6a, &, errtr,r' r"r,uKrd'l'c - npeJrro6ogeftcr:ncl, rpax.6a, y6uficrso. Bcn-rrF lt 'r'rj'lr r{oua u nolo6un Ha rflx noJryqaBar yxop, noHexer..i tnillrH caMLr no ce6e cu, a He ilopa.qlr r{3JrrdulbrtrH t4rrtt!r!iilu("t'nr. Cne,qonareJrHo Hr,rKora se uoxe {ft,rx1,Aa cerrrrr 1 1,',rr npaBilJrHo, a BHHaf14 cgrBgrrllr; sttro Moxe 4o6poilnr !!r';1o6po A,a uMa B TaKilBa Herrla, xato la-Ce Ir3Bbprrrx

APUCTOTEA II

rrpeJrn6ogeficr:so c Kororo I,I Koraro H KaKTo tpa6na;npocTo npaBeHe'ro Ha Koero lI [a e oT Te3I4 Helqa e fpelrrKa-19. BnpoveM, rlo ct uIfifl HaqI,IH ce cMflTa, qe Koraro HsKoRnocTbnBa HecrIpaBeAJIIrBo, cTpaxrHB e' )KHBee pa3rllcHa'TO, To I{Ma I{ CpeALIHa, I,l I'I3JIuUrt'K' H HeAOCTuT- B TaKbBcnyuafi ule I,IMa H cpeAl,rHa Ha H3JIlIlrIt Ka u He,[ocTlrla' H

ItgJIltilIl,K Ha I{3JII4IIIbKa' I'I He.qOCTl4f Ha HegOCrUra' 20'Kar:no 6aaropasyrurl{ero Ii cMeJlocrra He ca B u3Jru[It'K I'I

HeAOCTnT SaTOBa, rIOHeXe cpelHHara rlo H.flKaKbB HaquH IBpbx, TaKa n HI{KOfr OT TIOpOIIHTe He e HIIT0 cpeul4Har HI{TO

II34HIII1,K' HI,ITO H€AOCTI{I' a KOTaTO Ce IIOCTI'III'I TAKA; C€

rpemn. flonexe HI,ITo HMa cpe.qHHa B HsJllrllt,Ka I'I HeAOC-

TI,Ira' HUTO I'l3JII't[It K H HeAOCTI'Ir B CpeAnHaTa.

TJIABA CE.IMA

Tpn6-ra roBa He caMo Hafi-o6qo qa ce Kaxe [ea 4o6.po-leTeJrTal, a cbulo v \a ce rlp]tJloxu Kl,M BcflKo HerHonposBJIeHr.re. 3aqoro IIo orHoIrIeHI,Ig Ha nocTT,nKI'ITe' oII-peIereHH.f,Ta, KoI,ITo ca HacoqeHl{ KtM o6uloTo, ca',ilo-6escrgrpxareJlHrI, a ae3H, Koltro ca HacoqeHn KbM orAeJI-HII ilacTr{, ca no-BepHn. Hanu [ocTbrIKI'ITe ce cbcToflT B

or[eJlHI,ITe HeIIIa, n onpe,{eJleHuflTL Tpfl6Ba,qa ca cbrJlacy-BaHr,r c'rxx. BnpoueM Te3H HeIrIa:rpn6ra Aa ce npeAcraBflTB cJrelHara:ra6nuqa(28\.2.W rbfi, MbxecrBoro e cpeAu-Hara Me)KAy cTpaxa(z9) ra cr"renocrra. HflMa HasBaHI4e 3aoH3li, rofiio e II3JIHIITHo 6esctpaureH (KaKTO 3a MHonoApyrH Herrla). A roftro e n3JIIiITIHO CMeJI, Ce Hapl'lqa ,4bp-sbK, t{ xofiro e T,ISJIHIIHO CTpAXJIUB H HelOCTarbqHo cMeJt,ce Hapuqa 6o.sgnne. 3. fto o'rsoruenne Ha yAoBoJlcrBI'IflTan ctpaAaHn,flTa - Ho He BcI{qKH, a cTpaAaHl4tra B no-MaJrKa creneH - cpeEl,IHara e 6aaropa3yMlrero, a vgilul-rrrl,Kr,T e pa3nycHarocTTa. Xopa, Ha KonTo Aa He AocTI4raHenlo rlo orHorrreHne Ha yAoBoJlcrBvtsra, pflAKo ce paxlar.lluenuo 3aroBa e craHaro raKa, qe He HM e AaAeHo ItMetTaKa qe HeKa rI{ HapuqaMe 6esuyncrnesn. 4. flo otnome-Hr.[e Ha AaBaHeTo I,t B3eMaHeTo Ha IIapI,t cpe4nnata e_IIIe,u-pocT, a r{3JrI,IlIlbKbT H HeAOCTI,ITbT ca paSToquTeJIcTBo LcKTrnepHHrIecTBo. B rgx Te3H, KOHTO HMaT H3JIIIIJTITK 14

OH€3U, KOI'ITO UMaT H9[OCTUT' nOCTTinBaT IIO [pOTI4BO[O-JroxeH Haqr,rH. Pagroqnre niuAr qober n 6espas6opHoTo

50 5l

HITKOMAXOBA ETl,lKA - KHIIFA ll

$altRilc ilpcBHlrraBa MqpKaTa, a BbB B3eMaHeTo UMa HeAO-st.lu'. (lrt'rrepHuKbr nr,K BT,B B3eMaHero HaABnruaBa, a Braijl,rclro'r'o HMa Hel(ocrur. 5. Cera roaopr{M HaKparKo r,t BtiEilttl ,rcp'rH, n roBa HLI e [ocrarr,qHo, a no-HaraTbK IrIegeutsM no-'roqHn onpc,qeJreHnfl sa resn Herrra(30). 6. noI1'I'HT!IIILIHHE HA TIAPI,ITE HMA LT APYTH HAKJIOHHOCTI,I, KATOFpFtllilftr'r'a e BeJrnKoJrenne, (rnpoqeM, rrle[pnflT ce pa3JrH-q9!e (l'l' rlcJrI,rKoJIe[Hu.fl: eAHHr,rqT ce npofBrBa B IoJIeMI'IEFlltn, l;tpyrr,rflT - B MaJrKr,r), nernnrr,xr,r e 6egsxycvL\n vtlFrii:'l'lulp.rHa, a nbK HeAocrurr,r -

gpe6naBocr. Te ce

PejlJlllrlllllaT OT HeIIIaTa, KOHTO I.IMA? OTHOIII9HIIe KT,M IIIe-€pnr''r''r'rr; Ho rro KaKbB uMeHHo HaquH, rr1e 6rAe Ka3aHo no-€et'rt't"r'x(31).7. IIo orHorreHne Ha r{ecrra u 6egqecr}rero,€pennlrtt't'a e BbgBlrureHocr Ha [yluaTa, H3Jr]trrrbKbr e He-Sle, xoe'ro Moxe Aa ce Hapeqe Ha,UyrocT, a HeAocrHr1,r -Spefittnrroc'r Ha qyBcreara. 8. Taxa, KaKTo Ka3axMe, qeslFllpric'r"r'a r{Ma oTHorrreHr,re Kt,M BeJr}rKoJrerr}reTo, KaTo cepeillr,rnrra or Hero rro roBa, qe ce orHacfl Ao MaJTKH Herrla,AFt eirilll4tl HaqHH ilI.{AvI Henlo, KOOTO Ce O'IHaCt .qO Bb3Bl{-ittBHrir:'l"r'il Ha Ayurara, Koero pIMa orHorrreHr,re KbM roJr.flMa-?i ttcr:'t" /(OKaro ro llMa oTHolIIeHt,Ie KI,M MaJrKara qecT;

$BlltrtTn Moxe Aa ce cryqn Hsroft ToJtKoBa, KoJrKoro rpr-€ga na (:c crpeMu Kr,M qecrra, u [oBeqe orKoJrKoro rp;6-€*l ll ilo-vanxo. Tosu, quftro crpeMex e B [3JIr{urbK, ce€Bltlt,ru ,rcclonrc6uB, To3lr, rofiro HeAocrarbrrHo ce crpe-xF = tre ,rcc'roJrIo6HB, a To3r/r, npr,r KoroTo To3n c'rpeMex e€pelelr(32), HrMa sr.le. H.suar nMe n HeroBnre HaKJroHHo-€?lt, r' n'rKflruqeHue Ha qecrorto6nero Ha qecroJrto6usus.'€lTrlrle't'o ce noryrlaBa raKa, ue rpaftnocrgTe ce 6opxt sallgt:'i,o'l'o Ha cpeAnuara. A Hue noHrKora Hapr,rqaMe cpeA-€ll{ *lr,r"r'rurto6nn, a rroutKora - Heqecrorlo6nB, u rroHr-*g-n rnu,nuM qecroJrlo6nnur, a Apyr nbr - neqecrorn6q-ESn. tJ. llt) raxna npurrnHa npaBHM ToBa, qe 6tge KasaHoItfr=lta'r'n'l't,K(33). A cera 3a ocraHarnre HeKa KaxeM rroiititn:rnrrnl HaqHH. 10. flo orHorrreHr,re Ha rHeBa c?,qo nMa!!gatttrrr,x, Hcllocrr{r H cpeAr,rHa, Ho noHe)Ke re ca noqrfi€Fgnut lrrrr,r, cpeAHurr rroBeK HapuqaMe Kpor6K, a cpeAr{-€er'r Kpol'ocr; rosn, roftro ri3Jrnsa or rpaHr4rlr{Te cFantilti !,K! C rHeBJrr{B H nOpOKbT My - THeBJTHBOCT, a TO3H,*ttll t tr r'e rt{clrH HelocraTbqHo- HerHeBJIr4B I{ JrHrrcaTa Haf!t*rr ncrHeBJrHBocr. 11. I/Iua r{ Apyr4 Tpg. jpgAltHu,

KOI{TO UMaT HeUIO OAHaKBO e[Ha c Apyra, Ho Bce rraK ce1

paSJrrrqaBaT. oT eAHa cTpaHa, Te HMaT oTHolueHHe Ka'MiB3aLTMOOTHOIITeHU'Ta qpeS A,yMH H nOCT'bnKI,r, a or ApyCTpaHa Ce paSJIlIqaBa'f IIO TOBa' qe eAHa Ce 3aHHMaBa OL

I4CTuHaTar"KOtlTO e B TflX' a [I,pyrHTe ABe - C IIIOBOJICTBIT'i

ero._t{ac'r or rrrx ce flpotlBt{Ba B llercrBoro, a Apyra - BbBBCHqKO, KOerO Ce CJryqBA IIpe3 XUBOTa Ha qoBeKa. Tpx6nalAa noroBopHM 3a rflx, 3a Aa pa36epeM rlo-t{cHo, r{e BbBC'KO Heqo cpellHoro e IocrofiHo 3a noxBaJla, a KpafiH(cT4Te Hnro, ca ftpaBHJrHI4, HHTo ca,U,ocroftHH 3a lroxRalta'3acJyxaBar yKop. Bnpoueu u or rflx no-roJlflMaTa qacTl

HrMar r{MeHa. Ho nce naK Tpt6Ba Aa ce orIHTaMe' KaKTO

IIpH ApyrI.{Te, Aa cb3AaAeM ItMeHa u 3a rflx - 3a tcHora I',t

3a Aa Morar Aa 6bAar [o6pe upocJreAeHu- 12. VI rtft, nolorHorueHne Ha HcTItHHoro, To HeKa ro3l{ KoftTo e no,cpeAara, ce Hapuqa npaBAr4B, a cpeAuHara- vcrulHa(3a)i,r,I3Kpr,rBrBaHeTo Ha HcTHHaTa KbM rIpeyBeJInqeHlte

-MOXBAJICTBO Lr TO3lt, KOftTO rO HMa

- CaMoXBaJIKor a Kofo"i

TO nT'K e KT,M IIO-MaJIKa CTetleH -

ilpeCTpyBKa' a qOBeKbT'

- xuTperl. 13. flo orHoIIreHI,re Ha yuoBoJIcTBI{erO or pa3B-JIeqeHrarTa, KofiTo e cpeAeH, e ocrpoyMeH.H.Ka!IecrBoTo-ocTpoyMr,re, I,tSJIlIurbKbT'|

- JrOIla tuera.v vM.a.u\r4,flT ToBf l

HI,TKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA. KHI,IFA II

il'r"l'()ttfl, Koc'l'o ce cryqBa Ha oKoJrHlrre(36). 3arqoro ro3lr,Eilli'r'() o cKJroHeH Aa HeroAyBa, Torl ce rpeBo)KH, KaroilnxJlu Jla ce cayqBaT Xy6aBr4 Herqa HrKoMy, KoiiTo He ruIIRT]JIY)l(IIBA, I,T TO3H, KOfiTO E 3ABI4CTJII4B, I'IMA TOBA B H3JIII-llltrx lt co'l'peBoxH oT Bcr{qKo; a ncK Ha 3JropaAcTBailIHfl!lu'r'()Jl K()lta My Jrr,rrrcBa cbcTpaAaHr,reTo, qe qaK ca paABa [Ha+tytf;/lll't'a Cre/fal). 16. Ho 3a re3r,r Herrla n Ha Apyro Mflcro ulelfM.r rrpcMe(37); a 3a crrpaBeAJrlrBocrra, Tr,fi Karo He eftPil("I'o 'l'oBa noHtTr,Ie, [o-Ha'I'aTbK ule HaIIpaBHM pa3rpa-llllilcilHc 3a Bc.rrKa qacT, Ka3Bafixu raxsa e HeftHaTa cpelu-Hq(.lfl). FIo crrqna HaqHH'rrle nocrbnr4M r,t rro orHorr]eHlrelrH IIIl',t'crreKTyarrHtrre (IoyrrriE) [o6po,qerern.

TJIABA O.CMA

'l'r,ii raro cr,rrlecrByBar rpr4 HaKJloHuoor*r; .or KoHTotllle'l'e CC OTHaCflT KI,M IIOpoKa - eAHaTa qpe3 U3JIIIIIITTK',tl1yn|r'a qpe3 HeAocrnr, a rpeTaTa - KbM Ao6poAeTeJrTa,llutte ll xra cpetrr4Ha(39), ro ucl,rurcu 're no HflKaKr,B HaquHlliluex71y clr ce ilpoTr,rBorrocraBflT eAHa Ha [pyra, 3arrloro€ll;ilt cit KpafiHr4 lr ca npoTr,rBonoJro)KHr,r r.r Ha cpeAr,rHara, H

€nlm ilrulpyra, a cpeluHara rrbK - Ha KpafiHlrre. 2. 3aqo-Ttl NflK'to paBHoro rro orHorrreHHe Ha no-roJrrMoro o ilo=llaflx(1, a cnpfMo IIo-MaJrKoro e flo-roJrflMo, TaKa**IlI,c,-Pe-

Illl H I I 1r'f C H aKJl OH HOCTr,r Cnpfl MO Te3U, KOITTO Jr r,rfrcBaTr.-C4.8H lJllllll'1,K, a CllpflMO I,I3JILIIIIbKa Ca B H€AOCTI,II lI B CTpaCTI,I-

'f€, lt u ilocTT,nKI4Te. cprernqr cnprMo cTpaxJrrrBtr.fl u3f_Jre-.lla /tl,p3bK, a crrpflMo 6escTpaIIIHnfl - cTpaxJrr,rB. flotllr!!1ilrr HaqHH n 6raropasyMHLrflT cnprMo. 6es.ryncr:nenr.ulfll'Jlex/la HeBb3Al,pxaH' a ctlpqMo HeBb3,qT,pxalt}.I.fl, *6€'t, I y rr c'l' ll C H, r{ [IeAp r,rrT Crrp;1MO 4:K6 [epH]r K.A * pa3TOrIu -'l'F,,lCll t il Cnpfl MO pa3ToqI,ITe ilHvrr - cKr,nepHI,IK. 3. 3arosall n('rrKa o'r' Kpar;Hocrrrre or6rbcKBa cpeAHoro KbM rrpo-1'lrnon()roxHara Ha ce6e cv H crpaxJrltBvrflT laapvqa cMe-rllrlr l('l,l)3'r,K, a Ap63Kr,rtT ro Hapxrla cTpaxJItrB. llo ctruu.gilrrif rilr iloc'rrnBaT cboTBeTHo H K6M ApyrHTe. 4. M e TaKa,tle MrlKilp n npoTrrBorroJro)KHH iloMe)KAy cH, Kpar{qara ca||il,] illx)'rHr]oBorroJrox,1.l,I.eAvH Ha Apyr, a He Ha cpelr,rHaTa,l'ril{lt KilK't'o roJttMoTo OT MaJIKOTO H MaJIKoTo oT rorqMo-i l| r'il il()-/laJreq eAHo oT .{pyro, oTKoJrKoTo BcrKo oT! Tflx -

ocraHaJraTa qacr or yAoBoJIcTBl'IeTo, Kotro e B xlrBoTaKaro rlrao, To3H, KOftTO HrA AOCTaB' yIIOBOJICTBHe KaKTpfl6Ba, ce Hapr,Iqa rx)6e3eH, 14 cpe4l'rnata - JIIo6e3Hocr,KoiiTo [paBr.r roBa B It3JII{[rt'K, aKo e 3apaln HflKaKBa',H3fOAa 3a HefO - JtacKaTeJr, a oH3I,l , Ha KofoTo He AocTI4ra

KaqecrBo -

cM€r[Hr/rK, a ro3H , Ha KOIOTO Hel-O_ClLl3rpy6 n He[o,qflJraH H KaqecrBoro

- IreAotrflraHobr.

H Bt,B BCI{!{KO e HeIIpn.flTeH, e qOBeK 3ag.[Jrl{ts n npOTHBeH.l14. BnpoueM cbllrecrByBar cpeALrHV v B crpacruTe H BHerrrara,_cBbp3aHr.{ c rflx. CpauexrnBogTT-a(35) ("}ffiq)He e Ao6po,qereJl, Ho [oryqaBa rIoxBaJII,l ro3[I, rofrro'0cpaMe)KJrLrB I,t cKpoMeH. M s resu Herqa eALIH e cpe,4eH, aApyr rH nMa B t{3JII,illIr,K, KaKTO HanplrMep 6ors44q- ceH,+-Pr,r 3

a ro-3,H:_ KOft To e*cp aMexJI 14 B B b B B cn q Ko.'To3I,I II5 K'Ha KOTOTO HeAOCTnra Cp-avr unu raso6rqo io HlMa, e 6escpa-yren'a cpeAl{nflT e cpaMexJllEs. 15. Hero4yuaHHe e cpegu-Hara cnprrMo 3Jro_)KerareJrclrB-9To pI- 3JIOpaACTBOTO. Te 9acBbp3aHr,r c MbKara r.{ yAoBoJrcrenETo; KoliTo Bb3HuKBar

53

API,ICTOTEA

oT ?oBa, KoeTo e cpeA[HaTL.5.U oqe, Br,r)KAa ce HrKaKBanplrJrfiKa Ha KpaftHnTe cbc cpeAr'rHara(40), raxro Hanpfi-Mep Ha Abp3ocTTa - cbc cMeJrocTTa r,r Ha paSToqHTeJrHo-c'rlTa - c [leApocrTa. A MexAy Kpanqara B orHorrreH]reTordM eAHH KbM ,qpyru pa3Jrr,rqr4ero e Hafi-roJrrMo. lL raxa,Herrlara, Kor4To Haft-Mrroro ca orAaJreqeHr{ eAHo or trpyr.q,c_*e_-onpeAeJr.flT Karo H aft -nporr4 Bon oJr oxHn, KaKTo v H nit :rlporlrBonoJlo)KHI,I Ca Te3!l, KOHTO OTCTOTT Ha Hafi-roJrflMopa3croflHne eAHo or .qpyro. 6. Cnpxvro cpeAHoro B eAHvcryqau Haft-npornBorroJro)KHa e Jrnncara, a B Apyrn -rlSJIItIIIbKl,T' KaKTO HanpllMep Ha CM9JIOCT'I.a

- He Abp3O-

CTTar B KOflTO nMa }ISJI}iIIIT,Kr a CTpaXJIHBOCTTa, B KOflTO

IdMa HeAOcrr{r, a cnpflMo 6raropa3yMHero He e Hafi-nporr,r-BOIOJTO)KHa 6eSVynCtBeHOCTTa, B KOTTO I{Ma HrKaKBa OC-KbAHOCT, a HeBb3ATrpXaHOCTTa, B KOflTO nMa H3JIIIUI'bK. 7.Tora crara no,qBe npnqHHlr, eAHara or Kouro ce [bJr)Ku HacaMoTo Heruo: noHe)Ke KoftTo Kpaft e no-6Jru3bK Ao cpeAr,r-HaTa, noBeqe npr,urnqa Ha Het, To Hue ro nporl,lBonocTaBfl-Me He Ha Heg, a Ha [por]rBorroJroxHu.n Kpafi no-cKopo,KaKTO HanpqMep, noHexe Abp3QcTTa froBeqe npr.rJruqa HacMeJrocrra u e IIo:6rn3Q Ao He.E, a cTpaxJrHBocrra- e ro-AaJrear H a, rrocJr eAH aTa rrpoTr,rBoIIocTaB.fl Me Ha cMeJIocTTa; aHerqaTa, Kot{To n3rJrexAaT, qe oTcTorr no-Aareqe or cpe.In HaT a, u3 rJrexAaT [Io-npoTr.lBorloJr o)KHrr n oMexAy cl,r. 8.Eguara npuquua e ra3r{, npor,rgrr{qaqa or Herqoro, aApyraTa npor,r3Tr,rqa oT caMlrre Hac: rroHexe KoJIKoTo nonpHpOAa CMe no- CKJIOHHIII KbM KOI,ITO u ilae HeIIla, TOJIKO-Ba Te HH U3rJte)KAAT ilO-npOTI,IBOTTOJIOXHT{ Ha CpeAnHaTa;KaKTO HarrpHMep, noHexe rlo npHpoAa cMe floBeqe cKJroH-HH K1,M yAOBOJTCTBHT, 3aroBa IIO-IeCHO Ce OTRJTOH'B_aMeKbM paSnycHarocT, orKoJrKoro KbM 6Jrarorrptr'.nut4ue m

rroprAbqHocr (roop&1tf,X41). 3a1ora.. HaprdqaMe Hqft-npoTr,IBo[oJloxH]r T€3u Herrla, Kbrvr Kouto Hafi-Beqe cMenpHBbpsaHu, I4 satona pa3nycHarocrra, KoqTo e r,rCJrr{-rrrbK, e no-nporHBonoroxHa Ha 6naropa3yMr{ero [orron'Koro 6esrryBcrBeHocrral.

TJIABA.qEBETA

14. r'nit, qe Har{crr,rHa eraqecKara lo6poAereJr e epep.u-

54 55

r{4, r,r B KaKbB cMr,rcbJr e cpeAHr{4, n qe e cpeAnHa MexAyJlBa nopoKa - e'u'nHl4ffT oT KolrTo ce cbcTor,r B r,r3JrrrrubKa,lt /lpyrHflT - B HeI{ocTVta, v r{e Tt e TaKaBa nopaAr,r ToBa,tle ce cTpeMI,l Kr'M cpeAKHaTa B cTpacTI'ITe I{ B IIOCTbIIK]I-'r'e, .qocrarbqHo KasaxMe. 2. 3arora r,r rpyAHo AeJro e Aa6r,geru Ao6ponoprgbqeH. 3aqoro ,qa ce HaMepr{ cpe1r,rHa-'l'il B'LB BCflKO HeIIIO e TpyAHO, KaKTO HaIIpI,IMep HaMI,IpaHe-'lO Ha CpeAaTa Ha Kplra Ce yAaBa He Ha BceKlIIo, A caMO Ha'f'o3H KoftTo 3Hae nT,T.fl. I4 cr,Illo TaKa Lr Aa ce rHeBr,r ellpHCLuIO Ha BceKI,I .[I e JIeCHO, V \x AaBa napn H AallpaxocBa Cpe,{CTBaTa Cu, HO He Ha BceKu e npI{cTrUIO, HI4TOil'rrK I JrecHo [4a:nae] 3a KaKBo r.t KoJrKo, H Kora, r{ 3apatrHKflKBO, H KaK Tpr6Ba. 3arOSa Aa Ce npaBr,r TOBa AO6pe epflAKo r{ [ocToftHo 3a rroxBaJra, r e npeKpacHo. 3. Ero saqo'r'pn6Ba ro3u, KofiTo ce crpeMr,r Kr,M cpeAr,rHara, Hafi-Ha-lrpe.q Aa r oT,qeru oT ToBa, KoeTo B no-roJrrMa cTe[eH enporHBo[oJroxHo Ha Heff, KaKTo u Karr,r[co cbBerBa:

,,Kopa6rr [a ce [r,pxr.{ AaJreq or AHMa H BbJrHeHrre-ro."(42)

Or rpauqara eqr,rHr,rqr e rpe[reH rrotseqe, a ApyrlrflT -lto-MaJrKo. 4. 3arona, cJreAoBaTeJrHo, TBbpAe TpyAHo e Iacc yJryqu TorrHo cpeAHHaTa, r,r Ka3BaT, qe [pH BTopoTorrJraBaHe Tps6Ba [a ce r,r36epe rrbTflT Ha Haft-MaJrKaTasJrr,rHa(43). Tosa qe craHe Hafi-JrecHo no HaqnHa, no Kofi-'t'o Ka3axMe. Tpn6na [a ce o6bpHe BHlrMaHr4e Ha HeqaTa,Kl,M KOrrrO CMe IIO npupo,qa fipeApasnoJro>KeHr,r. 3arqoropaSJruqHlrTe xopa IIo [pr,rpoAa ca cKJroHH]r KbM pa3JrnqHr,rr{cqa. Toaa ce pas6r{pa or y,qoBoJrcrBHgTo r,r crpaAaH}reTo,Kor,r'ro ce nopaxAaT y Hac. 5. A nrae caMuTe Tpr6Ba Aa ceo'rAaJreqaBaMe HacHJra. 3aqoTo cJre,q KaTo MHoro AbJIrol,l 3 6fl rB aMe npe[rKt{Te, crH ralvte.[o cpeAn H ara, KOero u MeH-HO [paBrr oHe3H, KOHTO rro[paBrT r,r3Kpr,rBflBal{.lfl.flTa'(44).6. Br,r BcuqKo rpfl6Ba Aa ce rra3r,rM H&ft-.n€qp or yAoBoJrc-'Hrnero. 3arqoro He cl,AHM 3a Hero 6eenpracrpacrHo. Bnpo-rrcM Ta3u r{MeHHo cTpacT, Ko.fTo crapefiruuuHTe ca r.r3nr.t-'r'Baflfi KbM EreHa, cbrqaTa Tpr6Ba H IF.ve Aa r,r3ril,rTBaMeK'bM IAOBOJICTBUeTO Lr. BT,B BCr,rqKO Aa CC BCJIyIUBaMe B'rcxHrrfl rJrac; SailIoTo aKo ycfieeM KaTo Trx, TaKa KaKTo Teca rr oTnpaTHJrr4 or ce6e cv, rro:M&JrKo ue rpeIIInM..7.I4'r'bft - Ia Ka)KeM HaKparKo - npaBeftKr,r roBa, rlo-Ao6pelrle Mo)KeM na HaMepHM cpeAHHaTa. Ho ToBa Mo)Ke 6Lr e

@ API'CTOTEN @

TpyAHO, Lr Hafi-Beqe KOTaTO Ce CTr4rHe [O OT,qeJrHr4Te Herrla;SaqoTo He e JrecHo Aa ce pa3rpaHr4rlr KaK, oT Kofo, rroKaKBr,r tlpnquHn r,r KoJrKo BpeMe Tpq6Ba Aa ce rHeBHM.3arqoro eAHH rlrbr regn, rHeBD-.T lIa'Kolrro e Heroorarfb-q€u,HapuqaMe KpoTKr,r, a Apyr IIbT oHe3u, KoI{To ce rHeBflT -Hcu,rHcKr,r Mbxe. 8. Ho sacny)KaBa nopur{aHr,re ne rofiro ceorKJroHrBa or go6poro, He3aBlrcnMo AaJrlr KbM HaABHrrra-BaHe lrJIId KbM HeAocrllr, a ro3r4, xofiro ce orKJIoHtBa B no-roJrrMa crerreH. 3arqoro r:oft se ce Kpne. He e necno c [yMr,rAa ce onpeAeJrr,r [oKbge n AoKoJrKo rpx6ra ga 6r4e ynpeK-BaH; HHTO III,K BCflKO [pyro H€IIIO' KO€TO Ce nOAqHHflBa HaLiYBCTBATA; BCI'qKI,T TAKI'BA CA OTTEJIHI,I HEIqA I{ 3A T'X CE

cl,Arr c noMorrlTa Ha qyBcrBo'ro(45). 9. CneAosareJrHo,OqeBI4[Ho er qe cpeAHOTo npeApA3nOJIO)KeHHe e BT,B Bcl{q-KI4 CJryqaU gOCrOfinO 3a rrOXBaJra, UO rp'6nA !\A Ce OTKJTO-

HrBaMe B eAHlr cJryqau KbM H3JrlrmbKa, B Apyrn K6M He[O-crnra, 3arrloro rro ro3H HaqHH nafi-.necno qe HaMHpaMecpeIHoTo r4 cr,BbprreHcTBoTo (td eti).

KHI{IA IIIIJIABA TIbPBA

VI rr,it, rroHe)Ke 4o6po4erenra( 1 ) lIMa orHorrreH l,re KbMcTpacTr{Te I{ nocTbnKilTe, v noHe)Ke noxBaJrx 14 yfipeqH cenopax,qaT oT ToBa, Koero rrpaBr,rM no cBo.tr BoJrr, a oTlranpaBeHoro no npr,rHyla ce nopaxAa- [porrrKa, a rIoHqKo-ra Ir cbxaJreHne, To xeo6xoguuo e ,{a pa3rpaHnqr4M BHH-MareJrHo qo6ponolnoro or Hego6poaoJruoro qpe3 Hacro-flrrloro pa3rJrexlalle, KoeTo ce 3ar{I{MaBa c go6polereJrra.2. Tosa qe 6rge noJresHo n 3a 3aKoHoAarenr,rre rro orHo-rrreHHe (na onpegerxnero) Ha HarpaAr4re n HaKa3aHlr.flTa.3. Cr"rsra ce'qe no npr,rHyga HanpaBeHlrre Herrla ce npaBsrr4Jrlr noA HarucKa HL chtilLTa, nJrr{ nopaEH He3HaHr{e. Iron

'dATT[CKa Ha CHJIara e rOBa, quero Hatlaro e HaBbH, a ro e

TaKOBa, qe B Hero H.flMa HHrrIO, CBbpSBarrIO [efiCtnarqu"s uTbpIIr{IIInr rr,egeficrnHeTo, KaKTo Hanpr-rMep, aKo HrKoroHaHsKb,4e oTHacr B.rrTbpbT HJrHxopaTa, KoI,lTo lrMaT BJracT.4. Moxe Aa lrMa cbMneuue, Aaru craBa Brnpoc sa npnHyAavrrv sa co6crseHa BoJrr nplr n3BlpruBaHero Ha Herqa nopa-

56 57

/lH cTpax HJIr.r 3apagu Heulo flpeKpacHo, KaKTo aKo HflKoft'r'HpaH,6ragefiru rocno4ap Ha polrrreJrLrre v Aerlara, Hape-ttn Aa 6r,Ae HarrpaBeHo Herrlo cpaMHo u rIe aKo ro HanpaBflT,rrlc 6tgar c[aceHr,r, a aKo He ro HarrpaB.flT, rrle yrvrpar. 5.'l'arosa Heulo ce cryqBa u Koraro ce r{3xBl,pJrflT Heqa 3al6op[a npra ropa6oKpyrrreHr4e. 3aqoro rpocro e sa pae6u-l)flHe, qe xuroft He I{gxBt'pJIt no cBofl BoJr.fl, a r,cvlqKvt,Kor4TO Ca pA3yMHr4, npABflT TOBa 3apaAr,r CBOeTO !r Ha OCTa-raJrlrre cnaceHne. 6. Bnpouevr raKuBa nocrbnKil ca cMece-rlr,r, Ho rrsrJre)Klar no-cKopo [o6poBorHu. 3aqoro Koraroco H3BT,pruBaT, rr{ ns6npar, a qeJrTa Ha rrocTbIrKaTa 3aBucHo'r' o6crorrreJrcrBara. IzI garosa 4o6pooo.nno u ne4o6po-noJlHo rpx6na Aa ce Hapr4lra B gaBuctrMocr or roBa, KorarMcHHo ce rrpaBr{. Hxxoft npaBu Herrlo go6ponolxo , rroHe-)Kc ll'bTpe B H9IO e H3TOTIHI4K1,T Ha ABH)KeHHeTO Ha CpeIC--'l'ilaTa 3a I,I3Bt,puBaHero Ha Ta3H HMeHHO rIOCTbnKa , I,I

lloHe)Ke I'3TOIIHIIKbT e ts HerO, TO OT CaMLl.ff HerO 3aBI,ICLI/llrJrH ga 6rge uentp[reua vrv! lne. Cne[ouareJrHo raKr,rBarcrua ce npaBflT go6ponolno , a Moxe 6n sserr,r caMocro-rn'cJrHo, Te ca HeAo6ponolnu. 3aruoro HaBrpHo snxofi serr(rnpa HXKoe or r.f,x 3apaAn caMoro uero. 7. Halu rroHr-K()ra xopara 6nsar xBaJreHI,t 3apaAu TaKHBa nocrrt[Klr,llturpr,rMep, KoraTo Tl,prrrT Herrlo cpaMHo t4iln npvqvH.sBa-lllo cTpaAaHr{e B r,rMeTo Ha BeJrr4Kr,r H npeKpacHr,r Herqa; attxo e o6parHo, 6uBar yKopl{Baur,r. 3arqo:ro Ha rorrrur rro-rrcK e rrprrcbrrlo Aa rbprru nafi-cpaunu Herrla He 3apaAr,rnt: rqo npeKpacHo vtltn 3apailra HegHaqnreJrno raKoBa. A otlrlrKol{ oT Tflx He rlpor,rSTr{qa IIoxBaJla, a npoIIIKa, KoraToiroBeK rrpaBri Herqa, Konro ue rpa6na gapaAl4 HeIrIa, KoHTocc npocTnpaT r,r3Br,H rroBeruKaTa npupoAa r,r Hr4Kofi HeMoxe Aa ru Hglbp)Krd. 8. Moxe 6u unaa H.flKoIt, Kor{To He'r'pr6na Aa BbprrniM rlo uplrHyga, a no-cEopo cMbprra excJIaHa 3a qoBeK, KoftTo e rlscrp'aAal naft-crparurru Herrla"'|a'nosa lrgrJrexla cMerrrHo l'oBa, or Koero Anrrreox sa.llrrpnnng e npr.rHyreu ga y6ne uafixa cu. 9. flo4aror4 9'l'py[Ho Aa ce pa3Jrr,rrrfi Koe BMecro xoe rpx6na ga ce us6epeH Koe 3apagn Koe rpl6ra Aa ce r.{3T6pnn, a ou1e no-TpygHoc _,la ce npHAbpxaMe KT,M ToBa, KOeTO SHaeM - saIrtrOTOrl(-rltxHosello Herllara, Kouro HH.orlaKBar, ca rrrocrHu, aK()raTo nr{roft 6una npuny)K[aBaH KT,M TsX - cpaMHH.I I opagu roBa noxBa ru vr yKopvt ce orrrpaBflT Kr,M xopara B

API,ICTOTEA IffisaBncIIMoc1'o'r ToBA A,aJIH Te Ca npHHyAeHIt Kt,M H9IIIO I,IJIIIHe. 10. Al rti't, 3a Kor{ Herrla rpr6Ba [a ce Kaxe, qe cenpaBflT I1.acvItL? TIlu no-npocTo norJreAHaTo, AaJrlr npHqH-HaTa e BbHIrrHa H TO3I,[, KOfiTO rU H3Bl,pIIIBa, H.flMa HaMepe-Hne 3a roBa? Taxnsa Henla caMu rro ce6e cH ca HeAo6po-BOJTHH, HO B AaAeH MOMeHT ce H36r{paT rrpeA Apytu uTflxHOTO HaqaJIO e B u3Bt'pIIIBaIIlHa rt , V Te Ca He,qo6po-BOJrHr,r CaMr{ nO Ce6e Cl/., HO OT Apyra CTpaHa, B [a[eHMOMeHT H npu [a,4eHu o6cro.srencrBa Te ca [o6poBoJIHI,LI4 oqe, Te rronetre Hano,u,o6flBar Ao6poBoJIHHTe. 3autoroIIOCTI,IIKI,TT9 Ca cBbpSAHu C HflKaKBH KOHKpeTHI,I O6CTO'-TeJrcrBa, a re, BnpoqeM, [peAnoJrarar llo6poBorHocr. HoHe e JrecHo [a ce rroKa)Ke Kon BMecro Ko]r rpx6na Aa cen:6r,rpar. 3aqoro o6croflTercrnara ca MHoroo6pasHu. 11.Aro Hrxoft Kaxe, qe npl,rflTnvre u npeKpacHnre HeIrIa cano npr,rHyAa, rroHs)Ke 6wgeiaru Br,H or Hac, H'vr [pr{Hy)KAa-nar), ro roraBa BcHqKH Herrra 6uxa 6unu HacHJIa. HaruBcnqKH fipaBrr Bc]IqKo 3apaAu rsx. Ot HarrdcKa H ornego6ponoJlHoTo tlsnr,rrBar crpa[aHpre, a oT nocrr,nK]ITe3apaAlr ilpHr{THoTo r{ npeKpacHoro H3rrurBar yAoBoJIcT-rue. Cle4oBareJrHo, cMeIrIHo e Aa ce o6RnRna, qe IIpHrlLIHaca BbHUTHI4Te HelIIa, a He ro3!r, roftro JIecHo ce rIoAAaBa I,I

Aa ce cMqTa, qe rofi can.ll,1.flT I upplqlrHa 3a rIpeKpacHI,ITenocrbnKr,r, a ,qa ce y[peKBa yAoBoJrcrBr{ero 3a cpaMHHTenocrbnKlr. 12.Wrara, n3rJrex,qa, qe HacuJla e roBa, qtteroHaqaro e HaBbH, nose)Ke To3H, xoftro 6nna HarapoH H&GI4'Jra, c Hrirrlo se cr,qeficrna. 13. Tosa, Koero ce [paBI,IilopaAH He3HaHne, e H3rlflJro ue go6ponoJlHo, a e HeBoJIHo,Koraro nopaAr,r HeIo crpalaMe H ce pa3KaftBaMe. 3aqoroTo3r,r, xoftro e HarIpaBr,rJI KaKBoro vI aa e [opaAn He3HaHHe,HO He I,I3[I{TBa H9AOBOJICTBO OT IIOCTI,IIKaTA' C}'I, He fl eI,IsBbprrrtrJr go6poronno, r{MeHHo rroHe)Ke He e 3HaeJI, Ho ortrpyra cTpaHa He ro e HanpaBHJI HeBoJrHo, rr,ft xaro Bce rra"KHe cxrp6n. Or reeu, KoHTo ca HaTIpaBI,IJII,I HeIrIo nopaAI,IHe3HaHHe, CMflTa Ce, qe To3I4, XOftrO CT,)KaJItBa, rO e Han-paBlrJr HeAo6poBoJrHo, a To3r,r, xoftro He cb)KaJItBa -IIoHerKe I .qPyf, rr(e 6rAe ,,HanpaB]rJr ro He no cBofl BoJtfl";rroHexe ce pagJr?rqaBar, [o-,qo6pe e BceKI,I Aa HMa cBoeuv.e. 14. tr4srrexna, qe Aa ce [paBr,r Herqo nopaAu HesHa-Hfie e pa3rlrqHo or rona Aa ce npanr,r Herrlo Hesuaeftxn.3aqoro r,vnrlaflT HJrr{ rr{eBtrqn.RT ce He HgrJIe)KIa [a lrpa-

58 59

HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETI,|KA - KHUTA III

nH ToBa nopaAu He3HaHLre, a rlo HtKaKBr,r rrprlql,tHu 6es Aa(:'rr3HitBa u Heguaeftxu. Bceru nopoqeH qoBeK He 3Haelrcrrlara, Kol,rro rpn6ra Ia [paBr4M ri oHe3H, or KorITo'r'pl6na ,qa ce Br,sgbpxaMe, r.t lopagn roBa sa6.ny;rgeHuex()para craBar Hec[paBegtt.uBvt n nopovuN.15. 3a npegno-'rH'r'aHe e Aa ce AaBa onpe[eJreHue He no ToBa,qaJrr{ rroBe-K'|,'l' 3H&€ nOJI3aTa; 3aIIIOTC' He3HaHHeTO, KOeTO e CbsHa-'r'cJrHo ns6pano, e rrpt,rqrlHa He ga HeAo6ponolHocrra, a 3alloporrnocrra; u He He3HaHHero fiso6rqo (noHe:re 3a Herofiunaue yKopflBaHrl), a uesuaHuero Ha orreJrHr,rre Herrla, BKOITTO Lr B 3aBnC[MOCT OT.KOI{TO e rrOCTbrrKaTa; 3arqOTO B't''lx ce HaM]IpaT H c]qyBcTBueTo, l{ MI4JtocTTa, IIoHe)KeilMeHHO He3HaeIIII4tT HtKOe OT TrX rrOCTb[Ba He rIO CBO'rurtflq. 16. Bnpouevr, Moxe 6u e sa npeArroqlrraHe Aa onpe-/(oJrHM KaKBH t{ KoJIKo ca re3u o6crorrencrBa, n roft rnlrpaBr,r r.r KaKBo r{MeHHo lrpaBr,r, I,I B KaKB!I ycJloBuff lIJrI,r. B

IilBlrcnMocT oT KaKBo, a rroH.flKora c'btqo H qpe3 KaKBo,[a[pr,rMep c KaKBo cpe,qcTBo, r{ 3apaAu KaKBo, Harrpr4Mep'lllpal{H CnaCeHI{e, I,l nO KaK'IrB HaqI{H, HanpltMep KpOTKOurvt c't c cuna. \7. Ho nsua HnKoft, roftro Aa He 3Hae HrltrocrtHo or re3l{ Heula, ocBeH aKo He e 6esyuen, a.flcHo e, r{et'oeu, xofito rlt rpaBn, He Mo)Ke Aa He 3Hae npaBelrlnff rn- 3arrloro KaK e BbgMo)KHo nsroft Aa He gHae, qe roBa ecaMnrr rofi? Moxe snxofi Aa npaBr,t Herrlo, 6eg Aa 3Hae,KaKTO roBopeqr,rTe Ka3BaT, qe LrM Ce H3rrJrl,3BaT AyMH, HJIt{l(a He 3HaffT, rre HerqaTa, KoI,ITo roBoptT, ca Herro3BoJIeHHra KasBaHe, KaKTo Ecxut(2) sa Mficrepvtnre, HJrr,r.Koraroluxofi HcKa [a noKa)Ke KaK crpeJrff HanpnMep c MerareJrHaMarrrr4na. Moxe cbrrlo H.srofi Aa cMerHe cuHL cn 3a Bpar,KaKTo Mepona(3), h \t cM.flTa, .re e sao6neHo ocrporoKOnUe,

',',Jtn ilA CMflTa, qe KaMbKltT e UeM3a, I,IJIH KaTO AABa

ur.rrr{e ga Aa crracu HffKoro, ga ro y6ne, uJrI{ Karo ueKa aauperbpHe, KaKTo npr,r 6op6nre c pbqe, Aa HaHece yAap. 18.Cre4oaareJrHo, noHe:Ke He3HaHuero ce orHacr [o BcI{qKr.I't€3lr Herrla, B KoI4To ce n3BbprrrBa nocT1'nKaTa, To3u, Kofi-'r'o He 3Hae HflKOlr oT Ttx, r{3rJIe)KAa Aa ril e HanpaBLInuego6ponoJrHo, u ro Haft-seqe re3r,r Hetua, Konro ca uafi-rJraBHr,r. A nafi-rrasHr{ HgrJlexla ca regr,r, Kol,ITo ca ycJro-uur sa rrocmflKara u neftHa rle.rr. 19. I4 qorvr Karo n3Bbp-rrrBaHoro nopaAn raKoBa HesHaHr{e ce Hapr,rqa HeAo6po-noJrHo, To ToraBa rpa6ra nocrbnKara Aa Hocl,t MbKa H

pa3KarHrle 3 a u3Bbprrr]r reil n. 20. Cn egonareJr Ho, aKo HeAo-6pononuo HarrpaBeHoro ce n3B'bprrrBa, rroHe)Ke e [pr4Jro)Ke-HO HaclrJrr4e I{ nopaAl4 He3HaHHe, To 6H r,r3Ure)KAaJrO, qego6ponolno e ToBa, tII4eTo Haqalo e y cavlr.fl To3t{, xofiro3Hae orAeJrunre o6croqreflcrBa 3a rrocrr'rrK ara cv- 21,. HoMoxe 6u He e npABlrJrHo Aa ce Kaxc, ue nego6poBoJrHu caHeuIaTa, KotrTo ce I]paB.'IT rlopa,[H fH-flB ?IJrr{ cHJrHo )KeJIa-sue.22.3aqoro, nbpBo, HrrKoe or [pyrr,rre )Kr,rBI.{ cr,ulec-TBa He 6u npaeuno Hnrqo go6pononxo, HHTo Aopr4 lleqara;23. u noene, Lanrvr He npaBlrM go6porolHo Hl,tnlo or Heura-Ta, KOHTO [paBHM nOpaAH CHJIHO )KeJraHUe U rH'fl.B,

','JMrrpeKpacHr.{Te Herrla [paBuM 4o6pono.nno, a cpaMHure -nego6poeonso? He e Jrr4 cMe[rHo [puqnHara Aa e eAHa H

crua? 24. Moxe 6u rqe 6r4e ueyuecrHo Aa ce Kaxe, qenego6poeoJrHn ca re3u Herrla, KbM Kolrro rpn6na Aa cecrpeMr.rM, u ve rpx6ra na ce rHeBpIM or HIKaKBH Helrra H [arlr xeJraeM cHJrHo, KaKTo HanpuMep 3ApaBeTo lr yqeHueTo.25. CusraMe, qe nego6ponoJrHo It3BbpIrrBaHI{Te HeIrIa oreAHa cTpaHa HocflT MbKa, a oT upyra, c orJIeI Ha )KeJIaHLI-ero, ca npr,rflTHr,r. 26. W oule, KaKBa ure 6rtre pa3JIHKara,aKo Ka)KeM, ue He4o6poBoJrHo r{3BT,prueHH ca r,I rperlrKure,H3BbpIIIes[ B CbrJIaCEe C pa3yMa' I{ Te3H' r'l3BtpilIeHI'I B

ns6rr.{r Ha rH.ss? 3auloro H ABeTe rpn6na Aa 6r'[ar ue6n-rBaHr,r. 27.Itllrnexga, qe He rro-MaJIKo npnct'qu Ha qoBeKaca crpal{aHHqra, KoHTo rrporHBoper{ar Ha pa3yMa. 3arqoroIOCTT'IIKIITe Ha qOBeKa Ce [OpaXAaT OT rHflB H KOnHe)K.C.lteAosareJrHo, rqe 6t,ge lreyrtrec'rHo re ;1a ce rrpuqncJItBarrsu nego6poBoJrHHTe.

IJIABA BTOPA

CleA raro pa3rpaHr4qraxrue go6poBoJrHoro u nego6po-BoJTHOTO, CJrelBa Aa KaXeM 3a cb3HaT.e.J-rHHrr r{36Qp. 3aUto-To , r.r3FJre)K6a, tofi e uafi-npuHa4{e.T4rrl Ha 4o,6pog-eSerra!I rioBeqe.fro Hero Moxe Aa ce qbAr4 3a HpaBa, oTKoJrKoTor+o: FroGTrbffKr.rre(4). 2. l[, r'si,t, cl,3HareJrHunr ns60p H3rJIe-x,[a Karo go6pononuor.o, Ho He ca eAHo u cr,uo. .{o6po-BoJrHoro e no-o6[rnpHo; sarrloro I{ [euara, v [pyrr,rre)Kr,rBlr cr,ulecrBa r,rMar Herrlo o6rqo c go6poronHoro, a cr,cca,3HaTeJrHul us6op - He. 14 crrqo BHg3arrHr4Te rrocT'brrKrrHapr4qaMe go6poroluu, a Tegv cbrJracHo cr,3HaTeJrHlr.n

60 61

rtl6op - He. 3. Te:u, KoHTo ro Hapr{qar BJreqeHr,rs, HaMe-pcHne, xeJraHr,re nrll MHeHHe, n3rJre)Kga He ca npaan(S).'liurloro irsHarerH4ar ras6op uxrura o6lrlo c,Jrr4rr[eHr.lTe orpasyM, a caMo sreqeHuer-o r.r HaMepeHnero [rarnrar]. 4.I I r: u r, s Al? pX eJ{4Sr 4eibeTBy Ba;-B0[etI- oT -B Jre q e H.r.r eT-Q, a . H ec'r.r r Jr o c H o cr,3_lL qTgl_g4-ff_ E ?-q'qpz a_ B r, 3 Aarp )K alrvlfl,T nl K -o6parHo -

gcilcrayBa cbrJracHo cb3H,areJrHu.a us6op, a Heuo rlJreqeHne. 5.IL cbulo Aa cLguzirern[q us6op rrpprr.rBo-c'l'0rl BJIeqeHueTo, a Ha BJrerreHnero BJIeqeHue

- I/.e. .I[.

orrle, BJreqeHHeTo e cBbp3aHo c yAoBoJrcTBueTo r4 cTpaAa-r[Hero, a cbsHareJruu.rr u:6op naua o6u1o HI{To. e1,c c-Tp-a:

/laHHero, Hr.rro c y[oBoJrcrrtr,rero. 6. CGsHare ilHHnr Lrs6oporUe ro-MaJrKo_9 HaMep.er+ue-- 3aqoro iiatfrI:tTe; rotaro cer|'bprrrar crii6pasno HaMepeHHe, Haft-MarKo r43rJre)Kgar Aaca cbrJr acyB aHn cbc cr,3HareJr H un uz6op. 7 . flnro BnpoqeM'l'oBa e xeJraHneTo, MaKap qe ?r3fJre)Kga 6rrasro ,qo Hero.l]a rqoro cr, 3H areJr H ur.t us 6op He -e- -eB tspsa-H -c- *IeBb-gMolr=-'Hure Herr{a n, dko Hqroft Ka)Ke, qe e HanpaBHJI TaKbB rae6op3a Herrlo HeBT,3Mo)KHo, ule H3rJlex,qa rJIynaK. A- xenaHne-'l'O Ce OTHa0t KI,M HeBb3MO.{HuTe HeIIIar -K{IKTO HanpuMepCrcrcurprucro. 8. I4 crulo raKa )KeJraHucro ce orHacq u no'raKr,rBa*Iella, ronr:o no HnKaKbB Har{}rH qoBeK He Mo)Ke AaH3Br,pIIru caM, KaKTo KOTaTO HqXOfi HCKa O[peAeJreH aK-'rbop [JrH arJrer ga 6rge no6e4nrel - M ttut<oit He npaBune 6op 3a TaKHBa Herrla, a caMo 3a Herqa, KoI,ITo cMflTa, qeMorar ga 6r,gar r,r3BbprrreHu or caMr,r.rr nero. 9. 7I oqe,1tXCJIAHI'IETO CE OTHAC' HAfi-NCqE AO IIEJITA, A CT,3HATEJIHI4qT,Iu e 6 op e H aco q eHT6ti-elteEcr:tr iTa3?TrocTtrr a H E Co E, K;[ -ro nanpnMep-)KeJraeM-sgpaBe, a ue6npaue qpes KaKBHHerrla [a ro rrocrr,rrHeM, u )(eJraeM na 6rgepr qacrJrrrnu, 14

fo Ka3BaMe TaKa, Ho He e rIoAxoAflIIIo Aa ce Ka)Ke, qe nMaMeHaMepeHr.re ,qa 6T,AeM IrIacTJrr{Bn. 7[so6n1o, rd3rJre)Klla, qecT,3HaTeJrHllxr us6op e oT..HeIIIaTa, KotrTo 3aBI4ctT oTnac(6). 10. HIETo-vs.eHnero qe'6rge c:r,sHareJron ras6op;3aqoTo I'r3rJrexua, qe MHeHr4eTo ce npocTr,rpa Ao ]BcwqKIdHeqa, !I [o BeqHuTe u HeBb3Mo)KHr,rTe He rIq-MaJrKo, oT-KoJrKoro Ao re3r{, KoHTo 3aBucqr or Hac. Harn ce [paBI{pa3rpaHr,rqeHHe Me)KIy JrT,)KJrr4Bo H ncTr,rHHo [uHeHue], a

He Mex4y nopo+no-{xcrdv) rr Ao6pofleren uo (hyc0dv); acbgHareJrHuar uz6op e rroBeqe or nocJre1Hprre. 11_. Brn

APUCTOTEA

Bcext,l cryiqaft, Moxe 6n sarosa gnroft He Ka3Ba, qe cr,gHa-TeJrHrrrr us6op cbBrraAa c MHeHlrero; Hr,rro rrbK qe cbBrra-ga c iiflKoe onpeAeJreHo MHeHr.re. Bupoveu, no r:osa xoens6npaue * Aarru 6rarara (thya0d) r4rrn nopoquqe(tdxcxd; - ce orrpegeJrrr KaKBI cMe,.a He no MneHaeronu. 12.3arqoro us6rpavre AaJrH Aa npueMaMe Herqo JroruolrJru Aa ro ug6srsaMe, a HspagrBaMe MHeHlre :a [r:onaKaKBo e] gageHo Herrro vrn ga Koro e rroJre3Ho, vlrvr KaK; a.

MHeHI,rero HI,I He e 3A TOBa AaJII{ Ia rO np}IeMaMe, I4JII4 Aa rOllg6srsa\de . 13. W cb3 HareJr Hurr ns 6op. fioryq aB a g4o6pe-Hr,IeTo uoBeqe no roBa AaJrH e raKbB, KaKbBTo tpr_6ga,oTKOJTKOTO nO TOBa AAJIId e BepeH, a MHeHHeTO - 3apaAlrTOBa, qe e HcTrltHHo. I4 cuqo ne6upavre Herqata; sd xorntogHaeM Hafi-neue, qe ca 6lara, a cv c'bcraBtMe MHeHIte gaoHe3u HeIrIa, KoI,ITo-CbBceM He 3HaeM. I4srlex4a, He eAH[tIr ctrrtru xopa npaBsr Hafi-go6tp n:6op H cr,r cb3[anar nafi:go6po MHeHne, a e[Hn cn cr,3AaBar MHeHr,re nafi-go6pe, a

Apyrn ropaAr,r nopoqHocr (rcrfu) us6upar He roBa, Koerotpa6na. 15. Hqrua HnKaKBo 3HaqeHr4e, [aJru MHeH]rerorrpeAxoxAa us6opa, urtr BT,3HuKBa cJreA ToBa. 3arqoro nueHe pa3rJrex[aMe AaJrr4 us6oprr cbBrraAa c -HsKoe MHeHr.re.L6. W rufi, raxno e cbsHareJrnHqr ug6op, Ltntu or KaKsBBI{A e, CJre[ KaTO He e HUKOe OT ropeKa3aHrnTe nerqa?Bnpoueu cMrra ce, qe e 4o6pononeH, Ho go6ponotgoro HeBr.rnarn Moxe ga 6tge rrpe[Mer Ha crsuaTeneu_us6op. 17.CnegorareJrHo He e Jru roBa, Koero-e'-ntEtdapraTeJrnoo6prucneso? 3arqoro, cb3HareJrHux:r us6op e_- cBbpsaH cpasy-Ma Oofog) H Mr{cbrrra (Er.dvotc). }f uuero My e nog-xoA.srqo- o6osHaqasa roBa, Koero e ue6pano upeA Apyrri-re Herrra [np&tdpov rftpet6v].(7)

TJIABA TPETA

Ho ganu xopara BcHqKo o6tvrncr.ar H BcHrtKn Herqa JrrtMorar na 6t4at o6r"rr,rcnxnn, vlntyt HrKor,t ue rpz6r,a? 2.Moxe 6urpndnaga ce Kaxe, qe [pe.qMer Ha o6uucnslre nee roBa, Koero ssxofi rJryrraB nlu 6esyueH Mo)Ke ga o6un-crfl) a. r{eqara, Kotrro o6uucns pagyMHrim qoBeK. 3_- Hu-

62 63

roft He o6prrcns leqHHTe Heilla, KaKTo Ha[puMep csera(8)HJrr.r Sarrlo ca Hec'br,I3MgpHMr4 AHaMeTbpbT H cTpaHaTa HaKBaApara.4. Hnro rrbK 3a Herrlara, KoHTo 6uaeitxu nocro-flHHO B ABI4XeH!{e, Bb3HilKBaT B}rHarr{ IIO e[,HH fi e'.bryl4uaqHH prJIr{ no geo6xo4Hlr,rocr, l,rJrr,r no [pupoga,vtJlvt nopa-,lH HrKaKFa Apyra rrpHrruHa, KaKTo HanpHMep 3aJre3ure r{H:rpegute Ha cJrr,Hrlero.5. Hnro nr,K ga Heulara, Kouro B

pa3JrirqHr,r cilytj.au ca pa3JrHqHH, KaKTo Hanpr4Mep cyrxara r,r

/t'bx,{a. I4 crrqo He r{ 3a Herrlara, Koaro eraBar cnyuaftHo,KaKTo HanpuMep orKpr,rBaHero Ha cbKpoBr,rqe. 6. Ho cbrrloHe r,r 3a,BcI{qKIl qOBerrrKH Heula, KaKTO HanprlMep nnroftJraKe[eMoHerl He o6llncrs KaK cKr,rrr,rre Aa pbKoBoAflT,l1bpxaBara cu no nafi-go6rp Haqr{H. T.Bcrrqnocr o6muc=JIflMe re3r1 l{eu1a? Kq4To 3aBgcr.T or Hac n Morar [a 6r',qatHarrpaBeHH caMo oT Hac; r4 ToBa ca HeuaTa, KoIrTo ocTaBa/la pa3ure,qar"re. xsrrex,4a, qe [p[rrlrHuTe 3a Her.qaTa ca

rrplrpoAara, Heo6xognMoqrra, cbIOqTq _(dm)'' y c-Fq1g

yr'lrr (Voflg) u ncuvxo, rrpoH3Tr4qarqo or qoBeKa. Bcuqxnxopa o6uucJrfl'r Herrrara, KoHTO Morar Aa 6rgar HarrpaBeHHor rrx caMr{Te. 8. A sa roqHilTe H caMocrorreJlHr,lre[.u,ocrarruHr,rre caMH sp ce6e cu] uayru nq^ra o6ldr,rcJrrHe,KaKTo HanpuMep sa 6yrnxre ( sauloro He ce KoJre6ae*r noKaKbB HaqnH rpn6ra qa 6rgar HanucaHn), a o6naucraMe 3aHeIIIaTa, KOHTO C'L3AaBaMe HHe CaMI,ITe, HO He CTaBaTBHHaTH IIO e,4I'IH H CbIqH HaqI,IH, HaIIpnMep Te3I,I, KOIITO CeoTHacflT AO Jreqr{TeJrcKoTo }r3KycTBo }r u3KycTBoTo Aa ce[eqeJrflT napu, H noBeqe 3a HSKycTBoTo ,qa ce ynpaBJrflBaropa6, orKoJrKoro 3a rr{MHacrr,rqecKr{Te y[pa)KHeHr,rfl, H ToToJrKoBa noBer{e, KoJrKoTo rro-HeroqHo 3HaeM. 9.I/L ou\e,no cbrqufl Haqr,rH e u ga ocTaHaJrI4Te Helqa , n lroBeqe 3aHsKycrBara, orKo.nxoro 3a HayKnre. 3arroro sa nbpBr,rrerroBeqe ce cr,MHflBaue. L0. o6vrncrqHeTo e 3a Te3r{ Ireflr&,-KottTo rro oilpe[eJreH HaqnH ce cJryqBaT, Ho 99 KoHTq 3HercH()_KilK rrle.3aBsprrrar H B rrollTg Hrr-rrlQ He g ottpeI,e[Q-no. Hne cr{ B3eMaMe cbBerHI,IqI,r 3a BaxHI,ITe uerqa, rrftKaro He ce AoBepflBaMe caMo na ce6e cu,qe cMe Aocrarb-qHo croco6Hu sa Harrrero pe[reHr,re. 11. O6ruaeJrflMe'HeqeJIHTee a cp_eAcTBaTa, K-o4TO Ca,HaCOqeHU KbM Ue"nr4Te.3aqoro nuro .rreKapni o6Mracis Aatu [a JreKyBa, HHTooparopbr -

garr'r- Aa y6exgana, Hr,rro AbpxaBHr,tKbri -

APt,CTOTEA

AaJIU Aa HanpaBr.{ no6po 3aKoHolaTeJrcTBO, Hr,rTO n},K Hfl-Kofi Ipyr o6Mr,rcrfl rIeJrTa; a cJreA Karo ca cH n-o-gJa_Br,rJrr,rHq KaK B-a rler, .Mta cJrqT I-Io KaKb B H aq r,r H r,t qpe3_ KaKB U He_III3x?.4 \logTvtrHaT,

'r aKo r,r3fJrexA4, tte ToBa MOXe Aa eT-aHe-

nb MHoro Harrr,rHn, pa3cr,xAatar Kofi HarrnH e Hafi-JreceH Fuaft-_4o6np, a aKo nMa eAHo cpel{crBo - no KaKbB HaqlrH[a ro npr.rJlo)KaT, r,r caMoTo To npe3 KaKBo Aa M[He,.AOKaTOAOCTHTHaT [O nbpBaTa [pr4quHa, KoqTo orxpnnar naft-HaKpaff. 3arqoro o6vruc,rxrqnflT HsrJre)KAa, qe rbpcu uaHaJrH3r,Ipa IIo Haq]rHa, sa roftro roBoptrxMe no-fope, KaK-To B MareMaTlrKara. 12. lrLsrnexra, qe He BcqKo TT,pceHee o6uucnnHe, KaKTo Hafipr,rMep rbpcflT MareMarr{rlr{Te.3arosa n'r,K BcqKo o6naucl.xHe er1lpqefig* W noctg-qnoro BaHaJrr{3a e rrT,pBo Ur'B FitdsuKBaHeTo Ha QaxrHre. 13. I4cbrllo, aKo nola,4HaT Ha Herqo HeBb3MO>KHO, Te Ce OTKaS-

HanpnMep axo rpa6ear napu, a re He Morar Aa ceHa6ae.Br no HuKaKbB Haqr{H; a aKo u3rJrexqa Bb3Mo)KHo,[pelnprleMar geficrnus. Ho BI3Mo)KHH ca re3u Heqa,Kor,rro craBar 6.narogapeHwe H'a Cauure Hac; Heqara, Ko-nro craBar 6larogapenne Ha npuflTeJrr4Te, ca n 6lalo,4a-peHue Ha Hac no HrKaKbB HaquH. 3arqoro HaqaJro?o e ysac. 14. To_ra, Koero ce rbpct4, ca ry cpeAcrBara, Ty KaK Aace ynorpe6qr, a no ctr\nn HarIrrH I,I B ocraHaJrure Hetua ceTbpcH.Ty_qpe3 KaKBo cpeAcTBo, Ty rro KaKbB Halrr,tH, Ty oTroro. 15. l/Lraxa., KaKTo Ka3axMe, n3rJre)KAa, qe qosexlr eHaTMJIOTO Ha nOCTbnKUTe; pe[reHr,reT.o ce oTHacs Ao HeIIIa-Ta, Koltro rofi Mo)Ke Aa ocbqecrBl{, a nocrbrrKnre casapa4u [pyrr,r Herqa. 16. 3arosa He Mo)Ke D\L ce o6vruclsqeJrra, a cpeAcTBa.ra 3a,qocrlrraH,ero Ha qenia; a c,rrqo nerr orAeJr'r{sre fieqa, KaKTo.AaJrr,r roBa e xnn6 nru Aailla enpnrorB€u ,KaKTo rpx6na; Te3r{ Herqa ce olpegeJrrr orceT[BaTa. A axo BHHaru ce o6uuclfl, IrIg c9 cTErHe ,qo-dgsxpafinocr. 17. Tora, Koero ce o6unclfl r,r Koero ceuz6npa, e eAHo r{ cr,u1o, o6aqe roBa, Koero--c9_ 4e6upa,Be rr e e npe[ B ap]r r_e Jr Ho o [persrr€H o. 3 a rqoro q o u e xTC6i,r -pa uenqo rpe4 Apylnre BcreAcTBr,r}-na o6prnclsneio, no-Hexe BceKu npeclqE.q-Aa Tbpcr{ ne K-aKbB Haql,rs Aa nocr6-rrlr roraBa, Koraro p93ee {ole+ Haqafloro Ao cauus ce6ecw kt B ce6e cu - KbM ,no4eurara (t4lodpevog) -aer: uaAyuraTa.3auloro rt e Ta3r,r, KoflTo rasntpmna c:riwafen:r'us,

64 65

HUKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA . KHI,TA III

ne6gp. 18. Tona e rcHo 14 or crapr{Te AbpxaBn, Kor.rroOvup e npelcraBr{Jr, rroHexe qapere ca o6snqsaJru npegHapoga Herrlara, Koltro ca perrr4Jrr,r(9). 19. Ho nosexe'r'ona, 3a Koero ce B3eMa perrleHt{e, e [pegMer na o6utrcls-He u cTpeMex, H 3aBHCt{ OT HAC, TO CL3Ha.reJIHVtflT rES6Op6u rrorur Aa e cBbp3an c o6vrucJllHe.ro crpeMe)K _K.bMHerqaTa, Ko4To 3aBr,tcflT'oT Hac; 3arqoTo B3eMaMe perlreHr4e'3a Heulo, cre11 Karo cMe ro o6prncnlt.nu H cbrJracyBaMec'rpeMexa cH c roBa o6uuclsHe. 20. KasaxMe HaKparKo 3acb3HareJrHna us6op,3a roBa KaKBo e toii u qe ce oruacr AocpeAcrBaTa KbM nocTlrraHe Ha qeJrHTe.

TJIABA TIETBbPTA

3a xelaHnero Ka3axMe, qe e HacoqeHo Kt,M IleJITa, HoHtlKou cM.RTar, r{e KbM 6.naro'ro, a Apyrg - Kt'M H3t'JrexAa-rrroro xaro 6.naro(10). 2. Cnope4 eAHHTe, Kor.tro KasBar, qe)KeJraHol'o e 6laro, ce fioryqaBa, qe roBaa KoeT_o_ x,e.44rr,He e xeJlaHo2 aKo e HanpSBe_H He-rrpaD4JI_pry_U3_6-A"B (3atlloroaKo e )KeJIaHoro, T'o tue e n 6naro, Ho aKo ne6optr eHcrpaBHJreH, To ue e elo). 3. A cnopeA Apyrure, KoHToKa3Bar, qe roBa, Koero l{grJlex,l1a xato 6laro, e npenMerHa xeJIaHIneTo, ce noJlyqaBa, qe HtMa TaKoBa, KoeTQ IIOrpl{poAa e upe.qMeT Ha )KeJraHueTo, a 3a BceKH e/ltrH e-.aQF*irKOeTO Ha HerO My tI3UeXAa TaKOBa; Ha pa3Ir,rrrHnTe xopaH3rJrerK,qa pa3rHrrHo r{ ToraBa Mo)Ke I{a ce cJryqu tra H3fJre-xlar raK]rBa ,uopu nporurouoJro)KHr{ Heqa(11). 4. AroBrrpoqeM regfi o6qcHeHl{fl He ca 3aAoBoJrI{TeJIHu , To He:rpa6na an xafi-o6uo Aa ce Kaxe, qe HcrnHcKrdrr npgAMerHa xeJraHl4eto e 6.naro, a 3a BceKr,t elnH e HSrJrexAaIIIoTQxaro 6naro ga Hero: :a go6pnx troBeK To e r,rcrr.rHcKoro6naro, a 3a Jrorultr - Koero ce cryqn, KaKTo e It noorHouleHl{e rIa 4ogeruroro TtJIo - 3a oHegI,I, Ko.LITo caqo6pe 'rpeHr,rpaHu, gApaBo e roBa, Koero n gericrnure.rr-Hocr e TaKoBa, a ga Apyrr{Te, Ko}tro ca 6o.nnanu

- cr,BceM4pyro? flo cr,rqnn HaqlrH e n 3a ropqr4Bo H cJra,{Ko, r,r

TorrJro, r{ Te)KKo, u 3a BcrKo lpyro Herrro; a go6ponopsl.s-rrHHrrT qoBeK c:b[l{ [paBHJIHO 3a BC'KO HetIIO u B:bB r]CtKOor[cJrHo Herrlo Br,rx[a Hcrr,tHuoro. 5. 3arqoro c:r,o6pasno

il API,ICTOTEA

orreJrH[Te KaqecrBa GEq) eilHu t4 cr,u1ll Helqa ca npeKpa-c:F.vt vt npllr{THll, I,I MO)Ke 6n gooponoptr['bqHllflT qoBeK ce

OTJII,ITIABA OT MHO3HHCTBOTO IIO TOBA' qC BI')K,44 I4CTI'IHHOTO

Bt'B BcflKO or[eJIHO HeIUO TaKa' Karo qe nu roft e IIpaBHiIo-To H Mtpara 3a rlx. MHoslIHa ce H3MaMBar flBHo rlopagllv.loBoJlcrBt{et'o, noHexe'fo He e 6'naro, a H3rJIexAa Karo'6na"o. 6. 14 rtfi, rrpllfltHoro ue6npal xaro 6naro, a

crpagaHHero ug6t{rsar Karo 3JIo.

TNABA TIETA

Vl rtii, rIoHe)Ke or e[Ha crpaHa xeJlaHl'rero ce orHacfl/IO qeJITa, a 83eMaHeTO Ha perrleHHe H C'L3HaTeJIHHfT r'Ie 6Op

ca oT HeulaTa, KOHTO Ca CpeAcTBa 3a AOCTI4TaHe Ha IIeJITa'TO nocTbnKHTe, cBl,p3aHH c Tflx' ca clo6pasHo c'r')3HaTeJl-

ur,rx n:6op u go6pononHu. A u 4eftuocrure Ha lo6poge:re-JrlrTe ca c orJle[ Ha rl{x. 2. ,[o6pogereJlTa 3aBLIclI or Hac,

cbulo KaKTo Lt [opoKa. f[o o'rgorueHne Ha Hetqara' KoI'lTo

OT HaC 3aBHCIIT AaJII'l ,{a rU OC'l'rIleCTBlIM, OT HaC SABI'CId vt

Aa He rI'I OCTTIII9CTBIIM' a 3a Te3I4' KOLITO OT HaC 3aBUCH Aa'He rU OCI,UI9CTBI'IM, rIaK y HaC e BaaCTTa Aa rlt OCblIleCT-BHM; KaKTO aKO oT HaC 3aBI'ICU Aa H3Bt'pnpIM HeIrIo' KO-9-TO

e npeKpaCHO' TO OT HaC UIe 3aBHClI Ct'Il|O ,{,a He I'I3BtlpnI}IMHerIIO, KOeTO e cpaMHo' LI aKo e B HaIIra BJIacT Aa He IrpaBI4M

Helqo, KoeTo e [peKpacHo, clblllo B Ha[ra BJIacr e H [ar4SBbpUrHM Helrlo cpaMHo. 3' Axo roBa' qe e B HaI[a BracTAa H3Bt,ptusaMe puIH Aa He H3BbpnrBal\ile go6pu n cpa-MHI4

Herrla, oqeBIt,q,HO 03HaqaBa Aa cMe go6po4ererHyl untvt tto-poqHH, To or Hac 3aBHcH Ua 6'racr*l Ao6pu HJIII He[o6pvl. 4'TIspeueuuero

,,HuKoft He e rro cBot{ BoJIfl noKBapeH' HI'ITo rIporHBBoJIflTa cu 6naxen"(12)

I,I3UIeXAa OT eAHa CTpaHa e JIT,XJIIIBO' a OT Apyra -HCTHHHO. 3allloto HI,IKoft He e oraxeH nporltB Bortra cll'a HerrlacTHero e Hego6poaoJIHO- 5. WP.Aqe Moxe Aa HMa

cbMHeHIre B Ka3aHoro cera l43pgtteHne I{ [a 6b'qe oTpeqe-HO, qe qoBeKbT e I'ISTOqHIIK [I poAHTeJI Ha nocTbnKHTeTaKa, KaKTO U Ha lellara. 6. A axo TeSH HeIrIa ca oqeBItAHI'Ilr He MoxeM Aa ce BpbIrIaMe Ha3aA KbM [pyfl'I HaqaJIa'

66 67

HI'KOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA . KHUTA III

()cBeH K'bM Te3U, KOHTO Ca B CaMnTe HaC, TOraBa IdM.AitKrtHaqaJlaTa B Hac, I4 Te caMr,rTe 3aBI,tcfT OT HaC, U Ca AO6pO-uoJrHr.r. 7. l4srrexAa, qe roBa ce [oKa3na H BbB BcflKo0'UIeJIHO HefIIO, B1,B BCI{qKVI qLCTIIVI HeIIIa U OT CaMHTe3aKOHO,qaTeJrH; 3arqoTo Te HaKa3BaT U /IaBaT BT,3Me3AHe HaoHe3n, Kor,rTo BbpIIIaT 3Jro[efHttt, aKO Ca tr3BlbpIIIeHH HeltoA HaTucK H He oT He3HaHt{e, 3a KOeTO Te CaMUTe He CalrHHoBHH, a OKaSBaT ilOqeCT Ha Te3lt, KOHTO BbpUraT rrpe-KpacHIt He[la, KaTO rIO To3u HaqHH HaclpqaBaT eAHI,ITe, anl,3crrHpaT Apyrr,ITe. Bce nar, Hr,rKoft He 6usa rroATHKBaH/la BbpIIIu HHTO HeqaTa, KOUTO He 3aBlICrT OT HaC, HHTOoHe3U, KOT4TO He Ca AO6pOBOJTHLT, KaKTO eCTeCTBeHO HnKaKxe e neo6xo,qnMo ga 6tqeu y6exgananr{ Aa He qyBcrBaMe'r'oIrJrHHa HJL 6orKa, vtntvt rJlaA, I,t fi3o6uo Koero 14 ,qa e/tpyro nogo6uo HeIrIo, rroHc)Ke He3aBHcHMo o'r Bcr4qKo ,Hue ycerqaMe re3H Heua. 8. 14 cnrqo [saxonogareJrr,rrelHaKa3BaT CaMOTO He3HaHHe TOraBa, KOfaTO n3rJIexla, qexopara ca BnHoBHrn 3a cBoero Hesuauue(13), raxro Harrpn-Mep 3a nnrrHHTe HaKa3aHlre:ro e gnoiiHo; 3arqoTo B Tsx eH3TOqHUKI,T; rrOHeXe r{MaT BJTaCT Br,pxy TOBa Aa He CeHaIIHBaT, a I,IMeHHO HanLrBaHeTO e npnqI,IHa 3a He3HaH14eTOttl./,.lL HaKa3Bar re3u, Kor,tro He 3Ha'tr H"sKolr raKr4Ba HeilIa,3it Kolrro 3aKoHure npeABux[ar, ue rpr6oa [a ce 3Ha.flT lrHe ca rpyqHn. 9. flo cbrrlur HaquH e H rrpt4 Apyru o6cros-'reJlcTBa, KoraTo ce cM.sTa , qe xopaTa He 3HarT nopa[tr6esrpuxHe , AoKoJIKoro oT Tflx 3aBl,rc?r ,rne ra He 3Hagrt'(t6 pn byvoeiv), 3arqoro B TrxHa BJracr e Aa ce rorprixar3a roBa. 10. Ho Moxe 6u qonex e raKT,B, qe He Moxe Aa cellorpuxlr. O6aqe xopara caMr,r ca npnquHara, qe craBarTaKEBa, rloHexe xI,IBeflT ne6pe>rHo, KaKTo L 3a roBa Aa caHeCnpaIleAJIrlBV IdJIll HeBb3Aarp)KaHI{

- eAHuTe IIpaBfT3JIo, a ApyrHTe B IIHqHCTBO u l\pyl.u TaKnBa Herrla rpeKap-nar )KHBora cu. 3arqoro r{pe3 rrgBt,prxBaHero Ha Aa,qeHr4geiiHoctn, cBT,p3aHI,I c BctKo orAeJIHo Helqo, Te3I,I, Koltroro r.rgBr,p[rBar, craBar onpeAeJreH r]HA xopa. 11. Tona ceBHX,{a npH Te3H, KOITTO Ce ynpa)KH.flBaT 3a H.flKaKBO CbCTe-

3aHue nrn ,qefinocr (npd(q) =- t" npeKapBar )KrrBora crt

ruHaru a 4eficmue.12.VIrlit,ga He ce 3Hae, qe AyureBHr,r-Te KaqecTBa ce cL3IaBaT OT r43Bl,prrIBaHeTO Ha O?.4eJrHHgeftnocru, e flplrcr'rrlo caMo Ha xopara 6eg cernsa. 73. I/L

c:l'lqq Herlerlo 9.Ag 9-e-!4gcrtv, qe rosu-, g9-[1p nocTlII.BaHeqnpaBeqnuao, rye HcKa-Aa 6lge HecnpaBelJlHB' IIJIII To-sr, rbfir'o xliBee paenycibro - He ncxa ga 6lge parnyc'Har. IzI axo HRxofi, 6eg Aa 3uae, rIpaBH Heuro' or Koero lqe6rge HecnpaBe[JIl'IB' to tofi go6ponolHo 6u 6un aour; 14'

Hn'ro rrrx axo t{cKar Irle cupe Aa 6lAe HecnpaBeHI{B }r uI9craHe cIrpaBeAJIHB; no'Hexe n ro3l'l' xofiro e 6oneun ue

craBa 3ApaB, H MOXe Aa ce cJlyqn TAKA' qe uo cBoJ{ BHHA [ace paa6oree, noHexe rogn 6espas6opeu HaqI'IH Ha xuBorfl He ce trorqnHqBa Ha ileKapnie- A e uoxel ga us$erHe6o;recrta, Ho cJIe[ Karo t egofiycHaJI' B1'3Mo)KHocrra Beqe

He cbuecrByBa, KaKTo ro3I'I' roftro e xBbpJIIIJI KaMb'K''qeMo)Ke Beqe [a ro xBaHe o6parHo, a no cr'lrlll's Haq]ru QT

Hero I 3aBI4CeJIo Aa ro xBbpJIvt t4ntv Aa ro ocTaBn [a naArye'

flo crnlnn HaunH I,t HecnpaBe4ltvtBvtfl"r, lI HeBt,3Abpxaqta-flT B HaqaJIOTO Ca l1,M.AilIl1' B1'3MO)KHpCT Ea He CTaHaT Ta-KI4-

Ba, TaKa qe re ca cTaHaJIH TaKlIBa rlo cBog BoJIg' a -cJI€[

Karo ca craHaJII4, Beqe He Molar ga He 6lgar [raxuna]' 15'

Ho ne caMo rlopoqllTe Ha Ayurara ca 4o6ponoJtrn) a vI

H.flKon [opoIIIl Ha tffJloro. Tnx sue fiopuqaBaMe; 3.aqoroHuxofi He ynpexna re3I'I, Kol'ITo no npnpoga ca 6ecQopMe-HH, a oHe3lt, KOI4To ca TaKI4Ba lropa[H HeynpaxHeHocT I{

nexaftcrso. flo clruufl, : aqvr e I{ ro orHorrreHue Ha

HeMoIIrra I{ He,{braBocrra; 3aIIIoro nuxoft ne 6u yKop'{BaJI

To3r,r, roftro e cJltrr rro npnpol{a vilv rropagu 6o'nect, ulr'Ior H.sKaKbB yAap, a flo-cKopo 6n vry cbtlycrBar, [oKaroBceKr,r.6u yxopnl tIoBeK, xofiro e_ocreflfiJl or rlltflHcrBoHrrn Apyra HeBb3Ar'p)KaHocr. 16- W raKa' Te3H nopoqu Ha

TgJroTo ca y[peKBaHI4, a oHe3u' KOIITO He 3aBI'rcgr or Hac -se. A aKo roBa e raKa, To H or [pyrl4Te nopoIII4 u3rJIe)KAa

uafi-yxopxBaHl{ ca re3l4, KoI'ITo 3aBI'Ictr or Hac' 17' Mo:renqrofi gb raxe, qe BcuqKI4 [xopa] ce crpeMtr K:bM ToBa'Koero H3rJIexAa raro 6laro, 6ee 4a lrMar cI'IJIa HaA nper-craBara, a KaKT,BTo e BceKIr caM lto ce6e cu, TaKaBa ure My

r,rgulexAa H IIeJrra. Axo scexfi no HflKaKbB HaqnH e npnqil-Ha sa KaqecrBoro y ce6e cu, roft nle 6tge fipplqlaHa I'I 3a

rIpeAcTaBaTa cfi, aKo [IT'K He' ToraBa nnroft He e IIpuqLHAsa rona, qe npaBl,r 3JIHHII, a rn [paBI4 rlopalu He3HaHI'Ie Ha

rleJrra, 'c*ttifi*", qe qpe3 Tflx rIIe rocrllrHe nafi-sracl'e

6raro. Ho crpevre)Kbr Kt'M ueJITa roraBa HflMa Aa e go6po-BoJrHo us6paH, a rpn6na Aa craBa KaKTo rrplt I4MaIIl!{tr' Aa

68 69

Nflxt:M, InpolspeHne - npaBHJrHo oTcr,)K4a u ne6upa uc-'i'ltlnro'r'o 6naro. 7I 6naropoAeH e poqeH To3H, Ha Kororo'l'lrlllt c ntac'rruBa ga.qeHocr or npupoAara, rrft Karo ro eHail-rrr.nlvoro lr uafi-nperpacHoro, H TaKoBa, Koero orlllilrlo /tPyro He e Bb3Moxno Hnro Aa ce B3pMe, HnTo Ila ceHftyrlH, ir e [oToJIKoBa, ,4oKoJrKoTo e Aa,ueHo oT fipHpoAaTa,il 'l'.rtrI o'r'r]pnpoAara go6po n npeKpacHo e cr,BbprxeHoroll [r'l'HHcKo 6laropogcT ro. BnpoveM, aKo re3r,r Herqa calreltlrHt larqo go6poAereJrra ga e no-go6poBoJrHa, orKoJIKo-'ln lopoKbr? 18.3arqoro eAHaKBo H 3a ABaMaTa - !I 3alltt6;rrl;1cte.r Hvtfl, vt ga nopoqHraJ{rleJrra }r u3rJIexAa, u 't{M e8flrlelrfl rro npHpoAa vilkt'no KaKT,BTo H Aa e Har{r4H, atll"llllillJlHTe HeilIa, KoHTo [paB'Ir - KaKB?tTo u AL cL Te, ceglrrt'l'llilcfil' c rleJrra. 19. CneloBaTeJrHo, rleJrra vilv Hagrlext{ro H3rJrexAa eAHa HJrH Apyra He B 3aBHcHMocT oTlf llntx)l(ara My, a e ueulo o'r Hero cawvrfl, unu Ivry] e AaAeHafl1' qrHpo^ara,Ho Br,B BceKr4 cryvaii, noHe)Ke go6pouopa-iiiirnrilfl'f rroBeK rrpaBr.r ocTaHaJruTe HeIqa go6pononHo, Io-6prt11e'ronra e Herqo 4o6posonuo, ri He rIo-MaJIKo u nopo-Elr't' c ;1o6ponones. 3auoro cborBerHo It y nopoq$l/.fl celiilMHpil'r'oBa, Koe'ro caMo upes ce6e cu Mo)I(e 11a ce HgBbp-lllt! |t Iloc'r'brrKara, aKo He B IleJITa. 20. Aro, cJIeAoBareJIHo,*&x'r'o Ka3axMe, 4o6poge'reJlure ca go6pononHu (salloro ull{l ililKaK6B HaqnH cMe cljnpuquHureJlr,t 3a AyureBHI,I'retdrf e(r'r'lla, n B 3aBl,tcuMocT or ToBa KaKB.H cl|le, cvt nocTaBfl-ue cltr{a HJIH Apyra qen), ro u [opoqr{Te Mo)Ke 6s. ca;1rr6;rtlrro.nuH; 3auloro v npv rflx Helqara croflT rlo ct,ulu.allHrtrr. 2'I.14rarc.a, s o6un Jtvrlc.rvr KasaxMe ea go6pogete-Jlll'!'e H poAa I,rM rlo 814,4, a uMeHHo, qe ca cpeAHHLl uIt;rttilrr6n'r'n KaqecrBa, [r or KaKBo BtgHHKBilT, 14 lle ca,leflt:'r'rrosn rro orHorrreH]re Ha rona, Ior Koero nr,snnrnar],lf 'f'rr cirMu no ce6e cv,v ca B Har[a BJracr, ra ca go6poBoJlH]r,lf 'r'rrxlr, KaKTo npegnr,rcBa 3ApaBlrflT pasyM. 22. Ho He rlo€JllilK'r,B HaquH ca go6ponoJrHH rrocTT,IIKI{Te u npugo6urn-,l'ts xlrrroc'l'na,rtit Karo cMe rociloAapu Ha nocrbrlKure orllilrril,n()'r'o I[o Kpafl, nosHaeafi x]I orAeJrHLIre o6crogreJlcr-lrli, lr ilil KaqecTBaTa - caMo B HaqaloTo, Ho He [o3HaBaMeltrr'r'ltyilBaHero B orAerHI4Te eranr{, cr,Iqo KaKTo upn 6ole-t!'l'l!'r'c. l-l<l uoHe:re or Hac gaBucr4 AaJIH Iro e\rLH Haqvr vln4lro Jll)yl' ,la rH [oJrgBaMe, garoBa Ka3BaMe, qe ca go6ponon-Itr, l.l. A cera, npt,ulaiixu ce KbM BcrKa or rflx noorAeJrHo,

API,|CTOTEA

ule KaxeM KoI{ ca u KbM KaKBLT Helrla ce orHacflT, 14 rloKaKbB HaqI4H Ce npotBflBar, a Sae,qHo c roBa Iqe craHe tcHon KoJrKo ca Ha 6pofi. l/1, sai,t-sanpetr Aa 3arloqHeM ct,cCMEJIOCTTA.

IJIABA IIIECTA

Cr.aenocrra e cpe,ql{Hara MexAy crpaxa It ,4l,p3ocrra,KaKTo Ka3axMe u ro-Harpeg(14). 2. EescnopHo HHe cecrpaxyBaMe or crpauHl{Te Heua' a re cL - Haft-o6qoKa3aHo - 3JIHHHTe. 3arosa u crpaxbr ce onpeleJls KarooqaKBaHe Ha Jrollroro.3.l rr,fi, c'rpaxyBaMe ce or BcI'ItIKttJIoIlu Helqa, Karo Jloula cJIaBa, 6e4Hoc'r, 6oaect, JII'Iflca Hanpr{rTeJr}r, cMbpT, Ho I,r3rJlex[a He cp9llly BCI4IIKI4 TtXcMeJrnffT e raKbB. Or nxxolr or r.flx rpx6na Aa ce crpaxy-BaMe, H ToBa e go6pe, a ,[a He ce crpaxyB4Me e cpaMrlo'KaKTo or Jrorla cJraBa. IzI xofito ce crpaxyBa, e ao6lp('emetrrig) n cpaMexJlnn; a xofiro He ce crpaxyBa, e-6esc-par"reu(15). A cuen ro HapHqar H.flKoIt npeHocHo' rlft raronpra o6uo cl,c cMeJIHfl; noHexe oH3Lt, rofiro e cMeJI, e KaToTosu, xoftto He H3rInrBa crpax. 4. Moxe 6n ne rpx6aa gace crpaxyBaMe or 6egnocr, HI4To or 6olecr, Hilro ugo6uooT Herqara, KoHTo He [poI.I3JI]I3ar HHTo OT JIOIUOTLi.g, HIIToor caMr,rre nac. O6aqe cMeJI e He ro3l,I, rcoftro He ceCTpaXyBa OT TaKUBa Heqa' a rO HapllqaMe TaKT,B nO HtKa-KBo cxo,qcrno. 3auloro HflKoH, KoI4To Bt B BoeHHlITg onac-Hocrn ca crpaxJlldBvt, cL qegpu v npu sary6ata Ha napu ce

Abp)Kar rBtpgo. 5. Bnpouer',r ro3tt, xofiro ce crpaxyBa orocxrpoleHlle Ha AeUara uJIn cr,npyrara, unv or 3aBncT;I'IJII' HEIIIO EPYTO OT TO3II BI4I{, HE E CTPAXJII4B; HXTO-I.IPKcMeJr e ro3I,I, KoftTo ce A6pxH Apb3Ko rlpeA npegcrofln\vfl.6ofi c KaMrrrHK. 6. Toraea B Kon o'r crpallrHnre Heura[pornqaBa clureruqr? Moxe 6u se s Hafi-roreNrnre? 3a-rrloTo nnxofi He e rIo-H3Apl,xJIHB OT Hero Ha y)KacHnTeHerrla. A Harl-crparrrHa e cMbprra; 3alrloro e xpafiHurtnpeAeJI I,I 3a MT'pTBI{'{ Beqe HHII{O He H3rJIe)K[a HITTO go6pO,Hr,rro Jlo[lo. 7. Ho Bce rIaK He BbB BceKH BI{[ cMbpTcMeJrr,rflT rl3rJrexga raKbB - HanpllMep, AaJII,I npra 6ypn nMopero r{JrH or 6olecr, yMr,Ipa. 8. Ho r:orasa B KoI{ suAose?

70 7t

HUKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA . KHUT

flu,rr lr rr Haii-xpacnnnre, KaKBHTo ca Ha roftua; rroHe)Ke raMF Haii=l'turMa'ra H Hafi-upexpacHara ortacnocr. 9. Ha rsxEi ttu11ofiun u noqecrnTe, orAaBaHr,r or At,px(aBure H BJIa-

fle't'rlJlH'r'c. 10. CneuosareJrHo, saft-o6qo HeKa Ka)KeM, qe eC[rrrJr 'r'()3H, roftro e 6e:crparueH rrpeA KpacuBara cMbpr H

llFett npcJlcrotlql{ HeIIIa, KotITo HOcflT cMbpr; a raKHBaHEttttr unaa naii-seqe no BpeMe Ha sofiHa. 11. Bnpouevrc$eJrlrr'r'e 6eecrpaureH H B Mopero, unpu 6onectu, Ho HeTnxa, KnK'l'o MopflrlnTe; 3auloro roii ue ce orKa3Ba or€!f lltrl'llHC 14 C"t C Cl,XaJIeH}Ie ilpHeMa TaKaBa CMbpT' a MO-

Ptlrllr'r'e ce yloBarlar Ha orrurra cu. "1,2. Cr,qenpeueHnog6aitr: cMcJrr{Te ce rroKa3Bar Ml,xecrBeHu B oHe3l,r cJlyqau,n x{lM'() cM'bp'r'r'a e xpa6po uln 6raropoAHo AeJIo. Ho'rosaHF e 'r'nra B Hr4To e,w{H or ,qBara ropHl.r cryqat ua rn6en:

TJIABA CEAMA

A c'r'paurHoTo He e eAHo lr cr,rrlo 3a BcIdrrKrI xopa, a*BqanMc, qe HflKoe HagBr,rrrraBa cuJrr,rre Ha qoBeKa. To e€:l'ptt!ll!J() 3a Bcr,rqKlr, KottTo nMaT 3ApaB pa3yM, a ,{pyloToflFll liecKn qoBeK e pa3rr,ItIHo rlo creneH -

3a e'quH e no-€?patuucl, 3a Apyr ilo-MaJIKo crpalrlHo; [o cblIIr,I.R HaqI,IH efl !tA llClllaTa, cBt,p3aHI,I cI'c caMoHa,qeflHOcTTa.2. CMlenusre HcycrpaulrM, Karo qoBeK. Cre,qosareJlHo, u roft ce€'l'pttxytra or raKr{Ra Heqa, Ho KaKTo 'rpt6na H KaKTonFenlrlrcBa pa3yMbr, B HMero Ha npeKpacHoro; 3aIrIoTo ToE llc.n'rn na go6pogereJrra. 3. Moxe ;1a ce crpaxyBa B ro-FofiflMll l,lJr14 rro-MaJrKa cTeneH, ]r ocBeH ToBa Aa ce cTpaxy-EB (t'l' uoua, Kolrro He ca crpatunu, a [cauo] raro qe JII,I caelp,uuur.r. 4. fpeurxnre ryK craBar, rroHe)Ke [xopara] cetr'l'pnxyrra'r or Herrlo, or Koero He 'rpx6na, HJII,I He KaKToTF$6n8, HJtn He roraBa, Koraro rpa6ra, IIJIu Heulo no4o6-llrrl flo c\,uvfl, HaqI{H e H rlo oTHOIIreHI4e Ha HeIIlaTa,rjE'trll'rIHH cr,c caMoHa,qerHocTTa. 5. CneaoBareJrHo ro3H,$ull't'o n()Hacfl Herqara, Kor,rro rpa6na Lr 3apaAn ToBa, 3apa-iirt xoc'r'o rpa6na, n KaKTo rI Koraro rpn6na, a cr,rqo xofir.o'rdxn cc c'rpaxyBa, ra [raxa] e caMoHaleaH, Tofi e cMeJI;,ltrillo'r'() cMeJrlrflT lr Tbpnr{, u 4eficrnyna, KaKTo nogo6ana nFrrx'l'o pa3yM'r,T rpeAnr4cBa. 6. A qeJrra Ha BcflKa geftnocrF 'r'orn, Koero e B cborBercrBne c,qyfireBHoro raqecrso. 3ai MrrJt!ilt cMeJrocTTa e npeKpacHa, a TaKaBa e r{ rIeJrTa Ha

APt,,lCTOTEN

cMeJrocTTa; 3aulol'O BC,{KO HerrIO Ce Onpe[eJrr oT cBorTarler. caeAoBaTeJrHo 3apalH rrpeKpacHoTo cMeJrr{rT rroHac'IH BlprrrH HeillaTa, KolrTo noAo6aBaT Ha cMeJrocTra. 7. A orTe3lr, KoHTO HaABnmaBaT MnpaTa, e)\LtH Br,rA e To3l,t, KoiiToe 6esc'rpaureH, 'r'oii HflMa r4Me (Ho no-rope Ka3axMd, qeMHoro Herua ca 6e3 uue), uo 6u MorbJr Aa 6r,Ae HapeqeH6esyrureu unu 6eauyrcrBeH, aKo He ce c'rpaxyBa or Hr4rrlo,HI.I'rO OT 3eMeTpeCCH14e, HI,tTO c)1' BT,JIHT,I - KaKBHTO Ka3BaTqe ca KeJrrHTe. .[pyrnxr nug, rofiro Ha,qBr.rruaBa, e ro3t{,rofiTo e TBT,p,qe cMeJr npeA cTparrIHI{Te HeLUa, TaKT,r] qoBeKe Abp3I,K. 8. l4srlex21a, qe Apb3Kunr e caMoxBaJrKO lr cHlpr{nricna cMeJrocr. 14 roii ncKn na r,r3rJrexAa raKa, KaKTooH3r4 HailCTHHa Ce Al)prKn nO OTHOIileHHe Ha CTpaIXHHTeHerua, H n Heua'ra, r Kotrro Mo)Ke, ce npecrpyna. 9. 3alonaI,r MHoro or rtx ca,,cMerocrpaxruBntt; 3all1ot'o npoflBrlBarAlrp3OCT B TaKHBa CilyqA!1I, HO He I43,qT,pXaT CTparuHllTeHerrla. 10. A rosn, KoftTo npeMHHaBa MflpKa'ra B crpaxa, ecTpaxJrr,rB; 3anloTo ce cTpaxyBa He oT Hetqa, oT KoHTorpa6na, H rJcnqKlr raKI{Ba Hg[(a ro cr,nbrcrrar. ,[tpeocr-Ta cT,tllo My JrI4ncBa; Ho B cxr,p6u're rroBeqe HaABu[raBaMrpKaTa. 11. BcrutHocr, To3tr, KofiTo e cTpaxJrltB, HsMaHaAexAa. 3auloro or Bcr.trrKo ce crpaxyBa. A cMerurr -o6parHo; 3arqoro [bpsocrra e npucl,ula Ha HMarqHr yBe-peHocr s ce6e cu. 1,2. lI rsitt, qoBeK e Lr crpaxrvB) vr

II1,p3T'K, H CM9JI, CnpflMO efiHll l{ Cl,IIlH Hetlla nO pa3JII,IqeHHaqHH - e[nH Ha/IRI,tlIaBa MrrpKa'r'a uJrr,r He ff AOcTI,rra, aKaKTo rpl6ra ce Abp)r(H TO3n, KofiTo e B cpe,qHo rroJto)Ke-HHe; Ap'r,3Kr{Te cegbpxar neo6nancleHo H ce BTypBar Kr,MonacHocTl,I, a KoraTo ca B onacHocTl{Te, oTcTbnBaT; cMe-JrnTe nbK ca peuuTeJrHH B TaKlrBa cilyqan, a npe,qu roBa cacnoKofiHr,r. 13. CneAonaTeJrHo, KaK.ro Ka3axMe, cMeJIocT'rae cpelr,rHara Me)KAy Herrrara, rrpeAn3Br,rKBarrllt 6etcrpaurr-eTo I,t cTpaxa, n otlle cMeJrnqT, c nocotteHHTe orpaHHqetlvfl,r436npa H noHacr Hetqara, KoHTo ca npeKpacHH, a. cpaMHn-'re - He. A ga yvrpe, sa ga us6erHe 6egHocrra uJrH .nrc6o-BTa, I,IJIH HeIIIO TT,)KHO, H9 I IIpHC1,|IIO HA CMeJlr,rfl, a Hac'rpaxJr 14 Blr x(l 6); 3arrloro M aJr oAyilr l,te e r,136rr rB aHero H aTe)KKH HeUIa U r.r3He)KeHHJrT. qOBeK I]OHaCt CM]pT'[a HerroHe)Ke roBa e npeKpacHo, a 3a 4a ns6crHe Jroruoro. I4TaKa, BnpoqeM Heqo .faKoBa e cMeJroc.r"fa.

72 73

TJIABA OCMA

Ho n gpyru ner [nuga cMeJrocr] ce Hapllqar rara(17).O'r' 'r'lx lrbpBa e rpaxAaHcKara cMeroc'r. 3auoto rs, r.afi-Mu()ro npr,rJrlrqa Ha cMeJrocrta Iuso6ruo]. Cu-n1a ce? qgr'11il xI[aH uTe rro H acfl T orlacHocTI,ITe 3 apa,qH npeABIdAeHrITe{)'f' 3aKOHa HaKa3aHlrfl, U sZpAIU y[peIIHTe, H 3apaAl4 OKa-'nurHe'r'o Ha fioqecrl4. Iu[ sa'rona nafi-cucrl,I tI3nJlex(Aa'r, qe(:ll 't'o3H HapoAI{, npn Kouro crpilxJII'tBHTe ca HelroqnraH}Itn cMeJrnre - noqHTanu. 2. TarHna HMeHHo o-nllcp4 I'r

Ovrr.rp, Karo Hanpnuep ,[rloueg u Xerrop:,,Ilpr,r flolugav ue xBr'pJIH yKop Btpxy ventt(18),

n .[uonrep:,, 3auloro Xexrop urc Ka)Ke HtKora, ronopeftxH npeg

TuI\nD,e no,q uoa uaacr"(19) TpotHIII4Te:

3. Taxasa cMeJrocr Haft-MHoro npI,IJII{tIa Ha nbpBara' 3aKOnro roBopr,rxMe, IIoHexe npoH3THqa o'r Ao6pogereJlTa 'a HMeHHo rropagu cpav (ctffig) u ctperraex Kr,M lrpeKpac-ilo'ro (3aulo't'o e vecr') n or nsdflrBaHe Ha YKoP, noHexet'oBa e no3op. 4. Ho H.flKoft 6u cuerHar, qe cpeA Tfix ca vt

OHe314, KOHTO Ca npl'lHy[eHil K'[,M TOBa OT yIrpaBJItBaIII]rTeru. Ho re ca rro-Jloruu AoroJIKoBa, AoKoJIKoro He,rropaAncpaM, a flopaAu crpax H3Bt'pIUBar HeIrIo'r'aKoBa, u 6grar ueo'r roBa, Koero e no3opHo, a oT crpaAaHl4e. 3au{oro BJIac-'rBarqHTe rn npr4HyxgaBar, KaKTo Xexrop:(20)

,,3a xororo pas6epa, qe yrlJlaureH ce e cKpItJI AaJreqeor 6vrr:xara,

He u(e vry 6r'4e Bb3MoxHo xa r4g6nta oT ryuetata."

5. W rezu, KOr4To Hape)Kgar ApyrI,ITe orrlpe[ ]t aKo orcrt -llfl'r, rH HAKa3BAT c 6Oitt, npaBt{T cbtlloro Karo oHesu,Kouro rrocrpoflBar 6oes peg npe/I flv'vt ,t Apyru nogo6unBOeHHn yKperlJreHr,rr{ - BcuqKIt Te H3[oJl3BaT npItHy)KIe-uue. Ho rpn6na He 3apa4r,r Heo6xo[uprocr tIoBeK Aa 6r,AecMeJr, a froHe)Ke roBa e rrpeKpacHo. 6. I4grrex,{a, qe LI

oIIHTT'T B oTAeJIHIIT€ Hellla e HqKaKBa CMeJIOCT; UsXOx[afi-Ku or rona u Coxpar e cMerHaJr, qe cMeJrocrra e 3Ha-uue(21\. PasruqHure xopa ca orurHlr B pa3JrnqHH HeIrIa, a

BT,B BOeHHr,tTe pa6OTH - HaeMHUTe BOfiHHrln. 3arqO.rO rtn

BoiiHara 14Ma Msoro Heqa, Kol,tro Bcr,rrlHocr He cblr,p)Karonacuoc'r, r,r re rBbp[e go6pe ca rri Br,r,qelu. BnpoueM', Teu3rJte)KlaT cMeJrH, 3arrloTo lpyrnTe He fro3HaBa.r Te3I,rHeqa. 7. OcseH Tona re Morar rropaAu orruTa cH Aa npuqr{-HrBal' Bpel{a Ha npoTHl}Ht4Ka, a He Aa noHacrT, [oHe)KeMOIaT /Ia Lr3nOJI3BaT Op'bXHrITa lI Ca HayqeHU Ha BCUrrKr4Heilra, Kouro ca Haft-Heo6xoAnrru, 3a Aa HarraAa'r r,r 3a,qa ce6pauxr. 8. Taxa qe ce cpa)KaBar Karo Br,opb)KeHn c HeBr,'opbxeHH r,r KaTo aTJreTHTe r] cl,cTe3aHvIfiTa c cl6urHoseHr,rxopa * n B TaKr{Ba cbcre3aH}IR ne gaft-cMeJIHTe ca wait-go6pu, a oHe3[, Ko]rro ca uafi-c*rlnu n {ru:raqecKn ca B

naft-4o6po cr,crorrHHe. 9. flo-uatarr,K, HaeMHrrre softr{u-qlt c'raBaT cTpaxJII4BH, KoraTo oIIacHocTTa cTaHe flo-roJlt-Ma H OTCT'r,nBaT Ha rrpOTr,rBHHKa rro 6pOii ra Bbop:bxeHrre.Te urpnu lr:6xrrar, a ocraBa[rara cJreA Trx rpa)KAaHcKasoficxa 3arnBa, KaKTo ce cflyquro kt ttpvt xpaMa Ha Xep-uee(22).3aqoro 3a rlx ga us6xrar e cpaMHo H qM-jbprra enpe[floqr4TaHa npel TaKoBa cflaceHue, a BoftHr.{qfiTe orqeoTHaqaJIo ce H3JIaraT Ha onacHocT , KaTo qe JrH ca IIo-cr4n*ra, Ho Karo BLr,qrr onacHocrra,6flrar, c.rpaxynafiKr,r cerroBeqe oT cMl,pTTa, oTKoJrKoTo oT cpaMa. A cuelngtqoreK He e'raKbB. 10. -flpoc:rra (Odpog) cr,rqo orHacEI Kb_Mcue.nocrra; 3alqoTo 3a cMeJrr4 cMr{TaT I,I oHe3n, Ko}ITonopaAH rpocT ce AbpxaT TaKa, KaKTo 3BepoBeTe KllM Te3H,KOr,rTO Ca rU paHlrJrrr, rroHexe H cMeJII,rTe ca ffpocTHl,r;r,rMeHHo flpocrra nafi-cralno no[Tr{KBa [a ce Bbpnr,r Kr'MorracHocr'lrre, o'rKbgero r{ y Orurup e Ka3aHo:

,,cnJrara uy 6enle BAbxnara or ffpocrra"vl

,, .flpocr ]r rHffB s't z6yau"vt

,,Pa3nareHa rpocr H3Ay Hosltpnre('V

,, 3axuu xptnra".(23)Bcuqru re3u Herqa ce cMflTa , qe [oKa3Bat ct6y:rgaHeroHa flpocrra H nopr,rBa. 11. ClegorareJrHo cMeJrr,rre [ocrr,-nBar raKa gapaArl 6naropogcrBoro, a rpocrra rrM rroMara;sBepoBere n'bK - rropaAu 6olxara,t.e. nopaAH ToBa, r{e capaHeHH, urw ce cTpaxyBaT - 3arqoTo aKo ca B ropa r,rJrH

14 '15

,IIIN HUKOMAXOBA ETI'KA - KH'IFA III

frnillo, Te He HanaAar. CreAoBareJrHo He e cMeJIocr, Kora-'r'() xopara ce cTpeMrT KbM onacHocTTa, 6es [a [pe,[Bl,t)K-/ln'r Hr,ruo crpaurHo, no46yxgaHu caMo or 6olxa lI .flpocr.14Haqe or roBa 6u crauano raKa, qe ropl Maraperara 6nxaFrnln cusraHlr 3a cMeJIlt, Koraro ca rJIaAHu; 3auloro He!r3()c'raBflT nacr6lrulero, Kotaro ru 6unr(24). I4 npelrc6o-,lciilgare 3apa4n crpacrra cn rpaBt'r unoro6pofiHI,t Apr'3-Kn Hexla. 12. CneAorareJlHo He e cMerocr roBa, Koerorrrt,rl6ygexo ot 6onra IIJIlr flpocr, rIolrHKBa KT,M orlacHocr-'la. Hafi-ecrecrBeHa LI3rJIexAa ra3ll cMeJlocr, Kotro enopolteHa or tpocr, I,I Karo ce npu6aunr KT,M Helr cb3Ha-'r'orHr4qT ras6op Lr qeJrTa, ToBa e l,lcrplHcKaTa crnrelocr. Iz[

c'r,tr\o xopaTa, Koraro ca pa3rHeBeHu, ll3rII,ITBaT 6OJIKA, aKOTaTO OTMir,qaBar, I,tM e npnflTHo. Tesn, Konro 3apa,qH'r'ilKr{Ba Heula ce cpa)KaBar, ca rofiHcrBeHl't, a He cMeJrI{;uoHe)Ke He Io npaRflT 3apaAl,l npeKpacHoro, HuTo [opaAHpa3yMa, a ABr,r)KeHlI or crpacrra; o6aue re ltMar HeIIloilorrrlr eAHaKBo c:bc cnJIHl,ITe. 13. Ho He ca cMeJIvt v re3t4)KorlTo ca caMoHaAeflHl,r. 3aqoro [opaAI,I ToBa, qe qecrolt'brH H MHOSI'Ha Ca nO6eXAaBaJII4, Te ca ,4pr,3Kl'r B orracHo-c'l'nre. IUI ca noAo6HH Ha cMeflure fro roBa, qe H e[H]ITe, H/tpyruTe ca Ap'b3Klr. 06aqe cMeJlure ca Ap:b3KH nopaAl{'r'c3u Heua, Kor.rro no-rope Beqe Ka3axMe, a ApyrI4Te -troHexe cM-flTar, qe ca Haii-cktnlHr4 vt ge Hulrlo He I,rM npoTld-noAeficrsa. 1,4. A cbllloro npaBqr w rtvflHrTe. 3auroroc'r'aBar caMoHalleflnr,r. A Koraro He HM ce cJlyqar He raKnBaHeula, KaKBuro ca oqaKBaJI u,6tra't; a Ha cMeJIl,r.r e npilcb-illo Aa rroHacr Heqara, Konro ca H crpauHl4, H u3rJlexAarcrpa[rHH 3a qoBeKa, rroHexe roBa e npeKpacHo, a,4a He rlduoHacr{ e cpaMHo. 15. 3arosa ce rrp}reMa, qe e fIo-cMeJI'r'o3r4, KofiTo e 6eacrparueH H HeBT)3MyrlrM B HeOqaKBaHlrrecrpa[]Hr4 Herrla, orKoJrKo'ro B npegBItAeHure. ffonexe uo-cKopo oT AyIIreBHlrre KaqecTRa npol43TI4qa cMerocTTa, I{ e[o-MaJrKa B noAfoTBeHocrTa; 3aIIIoTo 3a npeABapHTeJIHorrtsHnTe orracHoc'rn BceKlr rrpaBl,r ras6op BcJre,qcTBHe Hapa3ccxl[eHfie n pa3yMa cv, a npH BHe3arIHuTe - cIIopeEHpaBcrBeHure KaqecrBa- 16. Cprenn

"3rJlex,4ar I,I Hepa3-

6nparqure oilacHocrra, n re He ca Aarer{ or caMoHa,4etH}l-'fe, Ho ca no-JIo[Iu,,qoKoJtKoro HqMaT HHKaKBa rIpeIIeHKa,a Apyrr4're HMar. 3aroea n npogr,Jr)KaBar Aa ycrotBarH3BeCIHO BpeMe; a OHe3H, KOLTTO Ca Ce 6UtU Sa6nygnrrl,

TEA

Karo pa36epaT, qe e pa3nuqHo OT TOBa' KOeTO CA flpeAno-'JlaraJrlt, 6nrar; KaKTo ce cJIyqI{JIo c aprocqllre' Kol't'roiBJIe3JTH s c6lrcr,r c JIaKeAeMoHqHTe, Karo ru MHcJIeJII{ 3a

cr,tKHoHr(H. lT.ltlT axa, Ka3axMe KolI x KaKBU ca cMeJlI{Te u.KOlt ca Te3I,t, KOIITO tlpHJrHqaT Ha cMeJIlt. :

TJIABA TEBETA

Ho xoraro 6t,qe ctorneceHa K'bM caMoHal(euHocrra uCTpAXa' CM9JIOCTI'a He e eIIHa 14 C1'IUa' a flO-CKOpO ce

npoflBrBa B crpa[IHHTe Heura. 3aqor:o roSn' xoftro B T'flx

e HeBtSMyTI{M In rlo oTHoIleHI',Ie Ha Tffx ce Abp)KI4 KaKTotpn6ra, e [o-cMeJI or oH3H, rofiro ce orHact{ TaKa KbMHeqara, KotITo I43HcKBar A'bp3ocr. 2. 14 rara' 3apaAllHaqnHa, no rofi'ro rloHacltr crpafiaHl4tra, KaKTo Ka3axMetce Hapfiqar cMeJrH. 3arosa n cMeJrocrTa e npI4Apy)KeHa o'rcTpaI{aHI{e I,I 3acJlyx(eHo rr B'l,3xBaJIflBaT. 3auloro rto-Tpyil-HO e nOHaCr{HeTO Ha CTpaAaHt4tITA' OTKOJIKOTO Bl'3IIT'pxa-Hero oT yAoBoJICTBlanta. 3. Ho nce [IaK MO)Ke [a ItSrJIe)KAa,tIE IIEJITA, NPEABI,IXIAHA OT CMEJIOCTTA' E YAOBOJICTBI{C, HO

fl cKplrBar or [orJre[a' 3ao6l'tKaJlr{ullrre fl HeIrIa' KaKTO

craBa B rI{MHacruqecKI4Te c:bcre3aHLIx. 3arqoro 3a cr'cre-3areJrHTe B loMpyqeH 6oii qenra e y[oBoJIcrBrle - BeHeI-II,7

r,r rroqecrure, a rloJlyqaBaHero Ha y,qapu e 6oreSHeno,noHexe uMar nJlbr ra [ro uv] Hocl4 crpagarvle, KaKTo lrBCflKO ycl4illlrre; a IIoHexe raKutsa Herqa uMa MHOro' a

TBr,pAe MaJIKO e ToBa' 3apaIII4 KOeTO c-e ilpaBH, l43IJIe)KAa,qe HsMa HI4KaKBO y.4OBOJrCTBUe. 4. Taxa ve, aKo e IroCI'IIIHfl HaqHH !I IIO OTHOUIeHU9 Ha CM€JIOCTTa' TO CMbpTTar,r paHHTe lqe ca cTpa[aHHfl 3a cMeJIr'tf rr rIpoTHBflIrI ce-' Ho

roft rqe ril ftoHece, rroHexe roBa e oraro.poltHo lI rloHexeo6pa'rHo'r'o e rlo3opHo. ItL s KoJrKoro rro-roJlr{Ma crengHuua go6po.qererTa u e no-6laxeH, ToJTKOBa [oBeqe ueCTpaAa IlpH CMT,pTTa; 3auIOTo 3a I'aKbB qOBeK Haft-qeHsOe roBa, qe xuBee, u roii.cr,3HareJlHo ce JII'I.[raBa or gaii-roJreMH 6lara; a roBa e re)KKo. Ho or rosa roi'i HUKaK He

craBa rro-MaJrKo cMeJI, a Mo)Ke 6u loptl rloBeqe, 3alqorouzlupa rpeKpacHoro Irl,B sofiHara rrpeA oHe3I4 [6nara]. 5.Ho se rtpri BcI,IqKn g,o6po4ereJln rol]a, Koero ce Bbpllrnr e

yAoBoJIcrBue, a caMo AoKOJIKOTO Ce nocTura qenra. 6.

Hnrqo, Moxe 6n, He rtpeqkl Aa 6lgar r.ait-crrilv.v eofiHllqu

76 77

ffi- HT,TKOMAXOBA ETUKA. KHUTA III

lto 'I'aKuBa xopa, a caMo oHe3u, Kol4To ca no-MaJIKo cMeII',Ir{ HflMar HI{KaKBo Apyro 6naro. 3arqoro re ca roroBu 3a

oilacHocTl,tre n pa3MeHtrT XHBoTa clt cpeqy MaJlKlI Harpa-)\14. 7. Vl rtit, no oruoureHHe Ha cMeJlocrra HeKa ob;1e

Ka3aHo roJrKoBa; a He e rpyAHo or Ka3aHoro Hafi-o6uo [ace pas6epe KaKBo e Tt.

TJIABA AECETA

CreA r:asu 4o6pogereJl, HeKa KaxeM sa 6laropa3yMl'I-o'l'o; 3auloto re3lI Aee.Ao6poAereJlI{ HsrJIe)K.qa npHHaAJIe-

xar K'bM Hepa3yMHara qacr Ha ny[IaTa. Bnpouem, ve6raroparyunero e cpeAI4Hara no orHoureHue Ha yAoBoJtc-

'tBHflTa, Ka3axMe (no-ruanxo !t He no c7rrl\vn HaquH e cBbp-3aHO Cr,C CTpaAaHilero); Ho B TflX HMa I',I HeB'D-3Atp)KaHocr'Krvr roH or y,4oBoJrcrBuflTa ce orHacq' cera ilre onpeAe-JrnM ToqHo. 2. PasrpaHuqaBar ce [yrueBHH H TeJIecH[ylloBoJrcTBur, HanpuMep qecToJr lo 6ue u Jr rc6osHaTeJI HocTlirceru oTAereH qoBeK ce pagBa Ha roBa or r.flx' Koeroo6uqa , 6e: ga I,I3rIlITBa HI'tuIo c rr{Jloro cI{, a [o-cKopo c

MI{CI'JITA. oneeu, KoI,I'fo H3rII{TBar raKHBa yAoBoJIcrBI',Ifl,He ce Hapl{qar HHTo 6.naropa:yvHH' HHTo HeBT,3[a'p)KaHr'I;clrqo He ce HapuqaT TaKHBa I{ oHe3u, KOI'ITO HMaT o6lqo cJlpyru HacJIaIIu, KoI4To He ca reJIecHH; 3aIrIoTo He Hapuqa-vre neelsgr'p)KaHl,t re3ll, KOI'lrO O6Uqar Aa c,JIyIIrar npHKa-3Kr{ r4 Aa pa3Ka3Bar, H rrllfleflT ,qHHTe r 6l6pene 3a roBa,KoeTo I'IM ce CJIyqBa; HI{TO nbK Hapl4qaMe HeBT'3AbpxaHI{'l'e3u, KoHTo cxtp6lt or sary6ara Ha [apld urv npvlflTeilv'3. Bnpouervr 6laropa:yullero lIMa o6uo c reJlecnl'lre y{o-BOJTCTBIfl, HO He c BcHqKuTe. 3allloto reSH' KOItro u3nI'IT-rlar pa4,ocr b'r rona, Koero HM AaBa 3peHHero' Karo IIBero-Be, o6pa3H t{ Kaprl4HH, He ce Haputlar HI4To 6laropaeyvrHn,HHTO HeB'b3AT,pxaHlI' H BCe IlaK n3rJIe)KAa' qe Ce p,aABaT I'I

KaKTo rpn6ua, I,I Ha reSH Helqa, Ha Kouro rpr6na, n rr43Jrlr[rl'K HJIH B He[Qcrl,rr. 4. flo cl)u]ltf HAqv}J e I{ 3a

HeUaTa' CBl,p3aHII ct'C cJlyxa; 3aUIOTO Te3u' KOI4TO [peKa-JreHo MHoro ce paABaT Ha rlecHnTe HJIII TeaTpaJIHoTo H3Ky-CTBO, HI,lKOft neuapnva HeBTr3Abp)KaHU' HHTo I]t'K:--gx.a-ropa3yMH14 oHe3u, KopITo ce paABa'r KaKTotpa6na- 5- HzrorrbK OHe3r{, KOI{TO Bb3npLIeMaT no e,4?IH pIJII',I Apyr HaqI',IH

HerrlaTa, cBt'p3aHll c o6oHtHheTo' ocBeH nplr HqKOIa CIy-

API,,ICTOTEA

rraftHn o6croqrercrBa; 3arrloro re3u, Kor,rro ce paABar HaMr4plr3Mr,ITe na q6rrKoBLrre /IbpBera rrJrH po3ure, HJtytTaMrHa, He HapHqaMe HeB'b3AtbpXaH14, a no-cKopo oHe3n,KOr.rTO Ce paABaT Ha 6naroyxaHHHTe MacJra u ncrnnra. HaTAKHBa HeIrIa Ce palBaT HeB'r,3IITip)KaHHTe, nOHeXe Te HMxanoNffiqT 3a HeuIaTa, KbM KoIrTo I{3nUTBaT BreqeHr4e. 6.9osex Moxe Aa BIIAH r,r ApyrilTe, Koraro ca rJraAHH, Aa cepaABaT Ha MUpr,r3MHTe Ha flCTnflTX, HO Aa Ce paABa Ha T.flxe rrpucbrrlo Ha HeBb3gT,pxaHr,rr{; 3aqoro KlbM Trx rofi uuaBJIer{eHr4e. 7.14 y /Ipyrure xHBorHH HrMa yAoBoJrcrBne orTe3il yceqawvfl, ocBeH no clyvafiuocr; 3arrloro KyqeraraHe ce paABar Ha Mr,rpu3Mr{Te ua safiqure, a Ha roBa, qe caxpaHa; a Mr,rpn3Mara rrs6yx[a ceruBara r4M. Huto rlr,xJrt,B6T Ce paABa Ha MyqeHeTo Ha 6nxa, a Ha ToBa, qe expaHa; Ho qe e 6nnoo, yccua no MyqeHero H H3FJte)K.qa, qeHa Hero ce paABa. flo crIIIun HaquH , He noHe)Ke e BlrAtJreJreH riJrlr AHBa Ko3a, a floHexe ule r4Ma xpaHa. 8. I/l rtit,cJIeAOBaTerHO, 6raropa3yMr,reTo H HeBb3AbpxaHocTTa cacBT,p3aHu c'raKr{Ba y,qoBoJtcTBHr, Kor,rTo ca o6rqu 3a xopa-Ta r,r 3a ocraHaJrHTe )KITBI,I cbtqecTBa, ilopa[n KoeTo Teu3rJre)KAar po6cxu H xnBorr4Hcxu. Tooa ca oce3aHlrero r4

BKycbr. 9. I4srnexga, xopaTa MaJrKo HJrr,t HuKaK He H3rro-JIgBar BKyca. 3a nxyca e rrptacbrrlo pa3ruqaBaHero Ha BKy-coBeTe, KoeTo npaBtT npoBeprBarrllrTe BuHaTa u Te3H)Kolrro npu6aunr: roAnpaBKH KbM rcrr,rr{ra. Ho ctBceM HeTE3U HEIIIA TN PAIIBAT, IIOHE HE HCB'b3AbP)KAHHTE,-a BKycBaHeTo, KoeTo H3rIrIJrO Ce ilOpa)KAA OT OCe3aHHeTO

-H B XpaHaTa, t4 B fit4TVteTATA, V B HeUIaTa, KOTITO Ce HapI,IqaTa<fpogurr,rnn HacJraln. 10. 3aroBa r,r HrKaKa,B JlaKoMerIrro)KeJraJr [a [opacHe ruHrTa My n Aa cTaHe AT,Jrra KaTo HaxepaB,3a Aa ce HacJraxAaBa Ha oce3aHueTo. creAosarea-Ho HeBrr3[r,p)KaHocrra e Haii-o6rqoTo or BcnqKH yceua-rrvrfl vr cnpaBeAJrr{Bo fl cMJ{Tar :a gocroftHa 3a yKop, noHexefl vlt',a y Hac He [oKoJIKoTo cMe Xopa, a AOTOJTKOBa, .qOKOJr-Koro cMe xr,rBorHlr. 11,. V rrii, ga ce pa[Barrr Ha raKr4BaHeIrIa ta Haft-seqe cuJrHo Aa rr.t o6uvaru, e )KHBorHHcKo.3arosa HeBb3llbpxaHVTe ca JrurueHt,r or safi-6naropo[H[r-Te yAoBoJrcTBnfr^, Kor,ITo ca peSyJrTaT oT oce3aHHeTO, KaTOHanpr,rMep re3l,t, Kolrro ce [p]r,qo6usar or ruMHacrrlqec-Kr,rTe ynpaxEeHufl, oT pa3Tpr,tBaHe c MacJra H oT ropeqn6auu; 3arrloro oce3aHuero Ha Herlbgar,p>r.atnfl, He e rro

78 79

T-.Nfl HL{KOMAXOBA ETI,IKA. KH

t(ilJroro I'flJIo, a B HtKoI4 qacrl,I oT Hero.

TJIABA EA'THAAECETA

Or sneqeHl4tra eI(HLt, u3rJlexga, ca o6u1n, a Apyru -lrultrrBHAyaJIHH I,t npu6anexu K'bM rlpllpo.qara HH' KaKToxcJlaHr4e'ro 3a xpaHa e ec'recTBeHo; SauoTo )KeJlaHHe uMay rlceKu, xoilro ce Hyxlae or xpaHa uilvt rlt rve, I'IJIH or/llrcre, n BceKH xoftro e MJIaA u B pa3llBera Ha CUJII'ITe- cv-or (rpauHa fiocreJlq, Ka3Ba Ovrup . 2. Ho He BceKI'l xeJlae'l'a3H UMCHHO XpaHa HJIII XeHa, U He e e,qHO H Ca'qO XeJIa-uHero Ha Bcnqild. 3arona, H3rJIex/[a, To 3aBl'lct{ or sac. Holrcc naK , HalIcTI,IHa c'buecTByBa HeII(O, 14 TO e 3aJIO)KeHo oTilplrpoAaTa; pa3rI,ttIHI,t Helqa 3a pasJIuqHI{Te xopa ca y'4o-BOJrCTBr,tfl, a Apyru - Ha KOroTo v Aa e !I Ha BceKI',Iro canpr{trHl,I. 3. B ecrecrBeHltre xeJraHlrfl MaJ]IluHa rpelrar, H

'r'o KbM eIIHo Heuo + KbM H3JIHIu:bKa. 3auo'ro Aa ce flI(e u,la Ce nne KaKBOTO Ce cnyqH' AOKaTO Ce npenT'JIHHIU ct'B-ceM, o3HaqaBa [a ce [pexBbpJll{ MflpKaTa, onpeAeJleHa oTlrpHpol{ara, a ecrecrBe}IoTo xeJIaHHe e 3aAoBoJItBaHeroHa Hyx[ara. 3arosa'TaKI,IBa xopa ce Hapnqar qpeBoyrog-HHrlr{, 3arqoTo ro 3aAoBoJIflBa'I rloBeqe oT ToBa, KoeTo'rpl6na. Taxuna xopa craBar c rBr'pAe po6cxu Ayx- 4. A noorHorrreHHe Ha yAoBoJIcTBlIfl Ta, KoI4TO CA VHAVIBVTAyaJI HH'MHO3t{Ha 14 no MHoro HaqI,tHH rpe[rar; TaKI'IBa Xopa ceHapnqar rlo6r,rrefl u [na yAononcrBl,t.sra], 3aroBa, 3anlorourv ce paABaT Ha Helrla, Ha KolITo ue 'rpR6sa, u.un rIoHe)Kel] no-roJlflMa cTeIIeH, oTKOJIKOTO MHO3IIHCTBOTO, IIJIU HeKaKTo tpx6na; a HeBT,3[T,p)KaHI{Te BbB BcflKo orHoIrreHIteHa[xr]bpJrtT MflpKaTa, 3ailloTo HtKolI ce HacJIa)KtraBaT HaHeula, Ha Korrro ne 'rpx6na (saqoro ca oMpasHu), u axorpa6ra .qa ce HacJIa)K[aBar Ha HeIrIa or [aAeH BHA, TetloBeqe, orKoJlKoro rpl6na v 'raKL' KaKTO Tt,Jlflarar cepa,qBaT. 5. Cne,qosareJlHo, qe Ha,4BI,ImaBaHero no orHoIIre-HI,Ie Ha yUOBOJTCTBI4eTO e HeBb3Al,pxaHOCT U rpn6sa gA

6r,4e yroprBaHo, e flcHo; o6aqe no orHolueHHe Ha ocraHa-Jrr{Te, He KaKTO e IIpH cMeJlocrra, qoBeK He ce HapI,Iqa6raropasyueH 3a roBa, qe noHacfl, tr HeBT,3Abp)KaH -floHexe He noHacff, a or eAHa cTpaHa e HeBb3Abp)KaH,lloHexe froBeare, orKoJrKoro Tpx6na crpaAa or roBa' qe Hee noryrtHr yloBoJrcrBr,Ie lI To 3a Hero craBa crpalaHHe, a

A

or Apyra crpaHa e 6raropa3yMeH, 3alrlol'o He crpala [opa-AH OTCT,CTBHCTO Ha HeIqO IIpH.flTHO I'IJII'I Bb3'{t p)KaHeTO OT

Hero. 6. CleAonar:eJlHo, HeB1'34:l,pxaHl,ltr xeJIae BcI,IqKpIyAoBoJICTBVtfl, LlilLl re3H, KOITTO B Haft-ror'IMa creIIeH caTaKUBa, n Ce pbKoBoIlu oT xeJIaHuero, KoraTg v36ttpa rfrxnpeA Bcr.rqKo [pyro. Ero gaulo roii crpa[a ]l o'l'ToBa, qe HeycnflBa Aa ru noJlyqlI, H o'r ctlJlHoTo clt xeJIaHI4e; MaKap_Y,en3rJre)KAa Hereflo ,4a ce crpa.q a 3apa!^v yItoBoJIcTBI1'e.'7. HoTaKHBa [xopa], KoI4To Aa I{3ocraBar B HacJIaAl1,Te n,qa uM cepaEBaT rIo-MaJIKo, oTKoJIKoTo Tpt6Bar fIotITH He ce .cpe-tllar; 3arIIoTo TaKaBa 6eeuyoctneHocT He e npnct,llla HaqOBeKa

=: T? 'I

OCTaHaJIIITO XUBI'I Cl,IIteCTBa pa3JIUqaBaTxpaHr,rre, H Ha eAHI4 ce pa,qBar, a Ha ,qpyrn - He; a aKo 3aHTKOTO HHIIIO He e npI,tJ{THo, HltTo ce pa3rHqaBa oT HeilIoApyro, To Tofi BepotrHo e ltaneq or ToBa Aa 6t,Ae qoBeK-

Tarrs qoBeK rre I floJlyqvtnt v uuer 3apaAn roBa, qe eABa JII'I

cbrrlecTByBa. 8. A 6laropasyvrHntlT ce Abp)KH rlo cpelaraMexAy TesH HeIIIa; 3aIrIoTo He ce palBa Ha HeIIlaTa' HaKOTTTO Haft-Beqe ce paABa HeBb3AbpxaHvtflT, a no-cKopo rllMpa3r,r, Hr,rro [r3o6lqo ce paABa_ Ha Heqa, Ha Konro HeTpr6Ba, Hl,rro cI,IJIHo [ce pagna] na Heulo raKoBa' HI4To

cKbp6lr, Hr4TO CITJIHO XeJIae y,{oBoJlcrBHero, Koraro_MyrnncBa, a caMo yMepeHo, l,I He noBeqe, orKoJrKoro'rpl6na,ri He Koraro He ipr6na, Huro rIr'K l,I3o6tqo Hetllo iloAo6Ho.A rcu y.4oBoJrcrBlrtra, KoHTo ca HacoqeHn KbM 3rpaBeroH Ao6poro cbcrotHlre ce crpeMl4 KaKTo rpn6va, H ct,lqoKT,M [pyrldTe y,U,oBOJIcTBvttt, KOIITO He Ca npeqKa 3a Te3uHJrlr He ca I{3BbH HpaBCTBeHoro lI He rlpoTltBopeqaT HaHMyrqecTBeHoro cl'croflHHe. To:t't, KoiiTo ce A'LpxH rloTaKT,B HaqUH, O6nqa raKlrBa y,4oBoJICTBHfl rIoBeqe, oTKoJr-KOTO Te 3acJryxaBar; a 6raropa3yMHH.ffT He e raKtB, a ce

Alpxn cbrJlacHo 3ApaBL{t pa3yM.

IJIABA ABAHAAECETA

Herr,egrpxaHocrra u3rJIex,qa B no-roJItMa creneH Ao-6ponorua, orKoJlKoro crpaxJlt Bocrra; 3alrroro n'LpBara ecBT,p3aHa c HacJIaAara, a BTopaTa - ct'c cxpl6ra; eAHaTaor rrx rpn6aa Aa ce us6npa, a Apyrara rpr6na ra ceHs6srsa. 2.1/l orye cxpr6ga pa3Barlr{ n pa3pyllraBa upl4p,o--

80 81

HUKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA - KI.IT.IFA III

rrrlrflo raKoBa, a e B rro-roJlflMa creneu 4o6ponoJlHo; 3aro-Ba e no-AocrofiHo 3a yKop; Sarlloro H rIo-JIecHo ce cBIrKBac Hero. X(usol]l'r HI4 upeAocraBfl Ml{oro raKI'IBa Herqa I4

rrpr.rBr,rKBaHeTo KI,M rgx e 6egotracHo; 3a cTparuHlrTe HeIrIarrbK e o6parno:ro. 3. Moxe Aa H3rJIe)K[a, qe crpaxJll'{Bocr-'r& He e eAHaKBo godponorua npl{ pa3ruqHu o6c:rolrercr-Ba; 3aIIIOTO rs e 6es cxpt6, a nocTbllKr{Te, u3BT'plIeHI'IrlopaAn crprr6, pa3BaJIflT, TaKa qe H opxrxllflTa Aa 3axBbp-JrrtrT, u B Apy[LITe HeIIIa Aa Ce .qbp)KaT JIOUTO; SaroBa uH3rJre)KAa, qe ca HacI,IJIcrBeHH. 4. tlptt HeBbgAT,pxar"rz^t{ e

o6paruoro - oTAeJIHLITe nocrairlKra ca go6poltoJIHlI tropa-/{H TOBa, qe cI{JrHo xeJIae H ce crpeM}I [a nocrl',IfHe, a Karor-trrJro - [o-MaJIKO; 3aqoTo Huxofi He I4SnHTBa XeJIaHrre [a6r'ge HeBb3Ar,pxan. 5. A nlnleto Ha HeB:b3llt,p)KaHocrranpeHacflMe I'I Br,pxy AeTcKItTe rpeluKll; 3aIqoTO I'lMa HIIKa-KBa e,{HaKBocr. Koe or l{Bere BSeMa l4Mero Ha ApyrorotHflMa gHaqeHue 3a roBa, Koero cera o6ctxgatre - ficHo e,qe creABailIoro - oT npeAl{mHoro. 6. trAsrrexAa, qe e

[peHeceHo He Jrollo. 3arqo'ro rpn6na ga ce o6ysgaBa roBa,KOOTO Ce CTp9MI{ KarM JIOIIII HelIIa !I KOeTO MO)Ke MHOIO AaHapacHe, a roBa e Hafi-Beqe cI,rJIHoro )KeJraHpIe u [erero.3aqoro r.r Aellara xLIBetr cnopeg )KeJraHrrero , vt y rfrx rrai 'Beqe HMa crpeMe)K KbM yAoBoJIcrBI4e. 7.Taxa qe, aKo He carrocJryrrrHLr I4 noAqI4HeHIt Ha HflKOro, rofiro Aa lI4 yilpaBJIfl-Ba, TtsbpAe MHoro 6uuapacnaJlo roBa; salrloTo crpeMexbTKT,M yAOBOJICTBH9 e HeHacr,rreH !I 3a rJIyrIaBI,lfI e HaBpeA, lI4efiHocrra Ha xeJraHl{ero yBeJIlrqaBa roBa, Koero e BpoAe-HO, a aKO )KeJIaHI,IflTa Ca loJIeMH VI CVIJIHVI, [OpH I,I pa3yManporoHBar. 3aroea re rpx6na ga 5t4ar yMepeHli I{ MaJIKo,u IIo Hurqo [a He ce nporr,rBonocraBflT Ha pa3yMa. 8. TosaHapnqaMe ilocryruaHne u o6ysganaHe. 3auloro KaKTo rpff-6sa Aerero Aa xr{Bee cbrJlacHo npeArlHcaHl4flTa Ha 863rru-'rareJrs, TaKa pr BpoueHoro tIyBcrBo 3a )KeJIaHHe rpa6na 4ace nogqr,rHrBa Ha pa3yMa. 9. 3arosa :rpr6na y 6.naropasyu-Hr,r.a BpoAeHoTo qyBcTBo 3a xeJIaHI4e [a 6lAe n cbrJlacue cpasyMa; 3aqoro r{ npfi ABere IIeJITa e rlpeKpacHoTo I'I

6naropa:yrrrHl{,ar xeJIae re3!r Herlla, Koltro tpx6na r{ KaKTorpn1na u Koraro rpx6ea; a rosHo raKa npelnucBa pa3y-rurr. 10. I[.tt'it, HeKa npueMeM, qe cMe Ka3aJII,t [Heo6xogu-ruroro] sa 6.raropa3yMr,reTo.

TEAHa [peKpacHu Herrla, a oT noJryqaBaHeTo cJreABa npneMa-HoTo Ha Ao6po HJru HerrpaBeHero Ha cpaMHlr Heula. tr{6larogapuocrra e ga ro3u, xoiiro He B3eMa, H cr,rqo Lr

rroxBaJrara e rroBeqe 3a rrbpBnr. 9. Q,6_11e no-JrecHo e Aa HeB3eMerrr, orKoJrKoro ,[a Aa.uem. 3arqoro [prrc'brrlo e HaBceKu rro-MaJrKo ureApo Aa.qaBa co6crseFroro, orKoJrKoroAa He B3eMe qy)Kloro. ld. OcseH ToBa rrIeApH ce Hapurrar't'c3u, KoI,ITO [aBar; a re3u, Kor4To He B3eMar, ca x'BaJIeHnHe 3a rrregpocrra, a [o-cKopo 3a c[paBelJrnBocrra; 11. A're3u, Korrro B3eMar, uso6ulo He noJryqaBar rroxBaJla. Otxopara, Kolrro 6wsar o6uqasn 3apa1n 4o6po4ereJrra, rro-qru naft-unoro o6uqanu ca lrreAplrre; garrloro ca rroJre3Hr,r,a roBa craBa qpes [aBaH ero. 12. flocrrnrlrre, cro6pasunna 4o6pogereJrra, ca npeKpacHrvt cr B HMero Ha npeKpa-cHoro. Bnpoueu H uleApurr cr,uo ue AaBa I,I B HMero Ha6laroro, n npaBHJrHo; gaqoro AaBa Ha ro3LI, Ha Kofororpx6na ra ce AaAe, H KoJrKoro rpa6na, r,r Koraro rpn6na, uBCItqKI'I Apyln H9IIIa' KOIITO CT,IIT,TCTBaT IIpaBHJIHOTO

'qABa-se. 13. 14. resu Heqa c yAoBorrcrBne v 6ee cxpr6 [npanu].3auroro roBa, Koero e B cborBercrBlre c qo6pogereJlTa , enplr.flTHo vtru e 6es crpr6, a naii-varxo oT BcrrqKo npriqn-nana cxpr6. 14. A ro3u, xoftro [aBa Ha oHe3u, Ha Kor,rro Herp.a6ra., r,rJrr,r He 3apagr.r npeKpacHoro, a nopa,qlr H.flKaKBaApyra rpr4qHHa, He e rrleAbp, & trI9 ce Hapr4qa HrKaKbB Apyr.Crrqo r,r ro3n, xofiro c MbKa AaBa, He e qegbp; sauloro roftrro-cKopo 6u npegnoveJr napr.rre npeA npeKpacHara rrocrb-rrKa, a roBa He e flpucr,uo Ha rqe4prlfl. 1.5. Hn:ro nrxtr1elpranr rrle B3eMe orraM, orKbAero ne rpn6na; 3aqoroTaKT,B BI,IA B3eMaHe He e XapaKTepHO 3A qOBeK, xOfttO ue\r,pxvr Ha

'rMyrqecTBoTo. 16. Toft se 6u yMoJrrBaJr;3arrloTo

He e npficr,qo Ha ro3lr, roiiro [paBrd go6po, c JreKora AarroJryqaBa 6larogernue. 17. A orrarnr, orKbAero rpx6na,Iqe B3eMe - Ha[puMep or co6crseHr,ITe cn nMorr.rrroHe)Ke roBa e rrpeKpacHo, a noHexe e neo6xoguMo, 3a,4aLrMa Bb3Mo:KHocr Aa AaBa. Ho ssrua Aa npoflBr,r 6ee rpu:ruerrNr cb6crseHocTTa cr{, noHexe HcKa qpe3 He.fl Aa rroMorHeHa HrKoro. Huro ue Aa[e Ha cnyuaftHr,r xopa - sa Aa r{MaBr,3Mo)KHocr,qa AaAe Ha Kororo rp.n6ra r{ Koraro H Kbgeroqe e 4o6pe. 18. CrsceM rrpncbrrro. e Ha rqeApvfl. v AaHagxBbpJrr MrpKara B [aBaHero, Karo ocraBu sa ce6e curro-MaJrKo; 3arrloro Ha qelpur e rrpncbrrlo [a He o6ptrqa

KHI{IA IV

rNABA TIAPBA

flo-sararrK HeKa Ka)KeM 3a lrlelpocrra: I'I3rJrexAa' qe

Tfl e cpeAHHa B orHolleul{ero HIt KbM t4MylqecrBo'ro. 3a-IIIOTO IIIEAPI,I'T NOIYTIABA NOXBAJIU HE B:bB BOEHHI'ITE PAOO-Tr{, Hrrro B oHe,gn, B Kol,tro 6laropasyurrvlfrT) HI'ITo' Harrpo-TI,IB' 3a TOBa KaK C'l>AVl, a BbB BpT,SKa C [aBaHeTO ]r nOJIyqa-BaHero Ha napu, Ho rroBeqe c AaBanero. 2. Wv.ywec,TBoHapurraMe BcHqKo, qrl.trTo IIeHa ce I43MepBa c napra- 3- Apa3TorrHTeJIcTBoTo Il cKbrlepHuqecTBoTo no oTHoIIIeHHeHa IrMyrrIecTBoTo ca HalBI,I[raBaHeTo I{ Helocrl'lrbr; }r

CKTrnepHnqeCTBOTO npHlI'ICBaMe BI'IHa|I{ Ha TegI'I' KOHTO

rroBeqe, orKoJIKoro rpl6ra, ce rplrxar 3a rrapure, AoKaropaSTO q I,IT9JI CTBOTO npUII HCB aMe, KT'I9TO Ca B IIJI eTeH U IIO-Beqe nopoqH; 3allloro HapuqaMe pa3TotlnTeJIHlI Te3U, KO-

rrTo ca HeBb3Abpxaldvl vt xapqaT MHOro 3a pasnycHaT )KH-

sor. 4. 3arona n ca cMtraHH 3a rBbpAe JIoIxu; 3aIIIorouMar MHoro ilopoq[ eAuoBpeMesso- Toquo 3a Tffx roBar,rMe e HgnoAxo[tIIIo. 5. 3aqoro ce cMflTa, qe pasTotll'rre-JreH e ro3I,I, xofiro ItMa eAHo Jlolro KaqecrBo - Aa nponu-JrtB a r,rMylrlecrBoro cLI, 3 arlloro p a3Torl uTe r HvtflT nory6a acau ce6e cH, a HtKaKea rn6er 3a Hero I{3rJIe)KAa npaxocBa-Hero Ha r{MyulecrBoro, rroHe)Ke raKa xLIBee. flo tosnHaqr{H cxBaulaMe pa3TotII4TeJICTBOTO. 6. Flerqara' KoI4To ceH3[OJr3Bar, Morar aL Ce I',ISnoJI3Bar U go6pe, I'I JIOIIO;6orarcrsoro e or Helrrara' KolITo Morar Aa ce H3rroJr3Bar;nafi-4o6po I,I3rIoJI3Ba BctKo HeIIIo ro3H' xofiro I4Ma cbor-BerHara [o6pogerel 3a roBa; u Haft-go6pe nle u3rroJr3Ba6orancrsororo3I4, KofiTo nvra go6poAereJlTa 3a I'IMyqec-TBoro. A rarts e ueApI,I.flT.7. I4guexga' qe H3noJISBaue-TO Ha napI,ITe e noxapqBaHeTo I'l [aBaHero; a noryqaBaHe-TO IT TIA3EHETO CA IIOBETIE IPI{TE)KABAHE. 3ATOBA HA UIETP?I.fl

roBeqe e flp]rcbrrlo uL AABA Ha Te3I'l' Ha Ko[I'To rpR6natorKoJlKoro Aa B3eMa or ro3I'I, or Kororo rpx6na Id Aa He

B3eMa, or Kororo He rpn6na. 3arqoto na go6po4ereJrra e

npr4cbrrlo fio-cKopo Aa [paBI4 go6po, orKoJIKoro Aa [oJIy-uana go6po, v AL BbpIIrn 4o6pr'r HeIrIa noBeqe' oTKOJTKOTO

Aa He npaBu cpaMHn Herqa. 8. W rtft, He e HeflcHo' qe

orAaBaHero cJIelBa rlpaBeHero Ha 4o6po H H3BT'prIrBaHero

82 83

BHLrMaHrre Ha caMlr.tr ce6e cv. 19. Ha uegpocrra ce AaBaorrpe,qeJleHue cro6pasHO c l'tMyulecrBoro; 3alrloro ureApo-TO AaBaHe He ce o[peAeJlt oT pa3Mepa Ha AaAeHI{Te HeIrIa'a or HpaBcrBeHlrre KaqecrBa Ha [aBauu tr, a re ca clo6pa-sHo rrMyulecrBoro. I/I'rcit, HrInIo He rIpeqn l{aBalrllltr rlo-MaJrKo Aa 6rAe ilo-uleAbp, aKo roBa, or Koero AaBa, e no-MaJrKO. 20. flo-Hatarr,K, cMflTa ce, qc ca ilo-qe'{pl'I Te3u,

Kolrro He caMLI ca upraqo6uJlr{ l'IMyqecrBoro cu, a KoHTo ca

ro HacJIeAHltl. 3auloro re He rIo3HaBar Hyxga' u BcuqKH Te

o6nqar noBeqe c'brBopeHoro or rflx caMu're' KaKTo Poln-TeJILITe u noerure. Hone e JIecHo IqeApLU{T [a 6r'[e 6orat,noHexe He e HacTpoeH HI{To K6M B3eMaHeTo' Ht{To KIIM

3ana3BaHeTo, a e pa3ToquTeJreH n He IIeHtI ilapn'Te 3apa[HcaMure rrIx, a 3apaIII4 ToBa ,qa Moxe Aa rn ,u,aBa' 21' 3arosaH yKoptBar ctg6ata, qe re3H' Konro nafi-vrHoro ro 3acJry-

xlnai, ca nafi-naalxo 6oraru. Ho tre e ecrecrBeHo, qe roBaTaKa ce cJIyqBa; SaIrIoTo He e Bb3MOXHO [a I'IMa IIapH To3H'

roftto He ce rpuxvt,sa Aa I4Ma; KaKTo e H no orHOIIreHlte Ha

ApyrHTe Heqa. 22. O6a"e qeAplatr HtMa Aa AaAe Ha re3l'l'

"u *o"to ne 'rpn6na, HHTo Koraro He rpx6na, Hl'tro. Apyrn

TaKilBa Helqa. 3arqoro roBa Beqe He 6n 6nno HanpaBeHo orrqelpocT H KaTo e I,ISXapqI'Ir [aplt 3a Te3u Heua' HflMa Aar4Ma Aa xapqn 3a oHe3ll, 3a KorITo tpn6sa. 23. Tara ue,KaKTo Ka3axMe, tr1eAbp e ro3l'I, roiito xaprrl4 c'no6pasuo crdMyulecrBoro cl,t It 3a HeIIIara' 3a Kollro rpl6na; a ro3ll'rofiro HauBH[IaBa roBa, e pa3ToqLITe.neH. 3arosa H TI'Ipa-HHTe He HapuqaMe pa3Toqr4TeJIHH; SauoTo He u3rJIeX[aJIecHo Aa HAAxBt'pJlfT pa3Mepa Ha OTpOMHOTO cl'l Ct'CTOt-Hlre B AaBaH vflTa vxapqeHnflTa. 24- CneaoBareJlHo, AoKoJr-KOTO rrleApocrra e cpeEl4Hara Mexly ,{aBaHeTo H lroJryqa-BaHeTo Ha napu, TO IIIeIpLIflT I4 .qaBa' I'I Xapqn ilapI',I 3a

Herrlara,3a KoHTO tpa6ra, I'I KoJIKoro rpn6na, 14 e,[HaKBo tIB MaJrKoro, lI B ToJI.flMOTO' It TOBa My-HocH yAoBollcrBue'OcseH ToBa IIIe B3eMe' orKT,Ae'ro rpa6na H KoJIKoro rpfl6-sa-Wrr'fa ra:ro go6po[ererra e cpe.qI'IHara no orHorrreHlteHa ABere, roft n1e HanpaBu il [Bere. HeIIra KaKTo rpn6ra;3arqoro nogo6anarqoro AaBaHe ue 6lAe nocJIeABaHo I'l orTaKOBa rlplleMaHe, a oHOBa' KoeTo He e TaKoBa, e npoTI'IBo-rroJroxHo. 3arosa Koraro cJIeABar eAHo or Apyro' Te cblrre-crByBar B e,quH u ct,tqn qoBeK' a flcHo e' qe rpoTI'IBorIoJIo-)KHH1'e - se'25' A aro My ce crytrt4 Aa xapqu nporl'IBHo Ha

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETIIKA - KHHrA lV

ToBa, Koero rpn6na H e [peKpacHo, roil crpaAa , Ho yMepe-Ho r,r KaKTo rpn6ra; 3aIIIoro na 4o6pogereJlTa e flpnca,ulou

't1a ugnrrrBa yAoBoJIcrBI4e, H ga cxtp6u 3a KaKBoro rpq-

6sa u KaKTo rpn6na. 26- llo-sararbK, IqeApuqr JIecHocno1errr ilapr4Te cr{ c ApyrH;Mo)Ke ga-QrAe oHenpaBAaHHerrpaBHJrHo, [oHe)Ke He qeHH napI,ITe. 27.1/I arco He r{3pa3-xogBa 3a Helqo, Koero rpl6ra, ce HgMbqBa noBeqe, orKoJr-KOTO Ct)Kailtl,Ba, aKO e H3XapglIJI 3a HeIIIO' KOeTO He rpl6-r,A, pt Ha Hero He My Aofia[a Mr,ApocTTa Ha cHMoHnn. 28. Apa3ToqHTerHn.flT H B TaKLIBa Helqa rpeIIIu, 3aIIIoTo HIITolr3rrr.rrBa yAoBoJrcrBI,Ie, Huro cxlp6u or HeIrIaTa, or Kourorpl6na, Hrrro KaKTo rpr6na, Ho roBa lro-HararbK ure craHerro-flcHo. 29.|n rtfi, no-rope Ka3axMe, qe H3JrItIrIT,Kbr H

HeAoCTnrl,T Ca pa3TOquTeJIcTBO H CKTtnepHHqeCTBO It B

ABeTe - V B AaBaHeTO, I4 B1,B B3eMaHeTO, KaTO L{ XApqeHe-TO rrpHqucJrfl BaMe KI,M AaBaHe'ro. BupoueM pa3ToqI,ITeJIc:TBOTO HalBr,rUIaBa B [aBaHeTo H HeB3eMaHeTo, a BbB B3e-MaHeTo HMa HeAocTI,Ir, [oKaTo cKbnepHI,ItIecTBoTo B [aBa-Hero I{Ma HeAocTHr, a BbB B3eMaHero HaABIrIxaBa. Bnpo-qeM BCHqKO TOBa e B MAJTKUTe HeIIIa. 30. Heqara, Kol,tro caIIpL{CT,IIIU Ha pa3TOTIHTOJICTBOTO CI'BC€M He Ce CIlqeTABaTeAHO C Apyro; 3auIOTO He e JIecHo 3a rIoBeK, xoftro oTHHKb-Ae He B3eMa, ,{a AaBa Ha BCHqKI,I; IIoHgxe LIMyrIIecTBoTo6rpso ce u3qepnBa y co6ctneHuqure, KoHTo Aasar. I4 Teu3rJrex,{ar, qe ca pagrotllrTernu. 31. Bnpouevr e[IdH TaKT'BqoBeK 6u ugrlexAaJr, qe e He rro-Manro go6r'p or cKT'n9p-HHKa. 3auloro Moxe JIecHo Aa 6r'Ae H3JIeKyBaH lI or Bt 3pa-9TTA, t4 OT HeAOCTI{ra Ha cpeAcTBa, I,l Mo)Ke Aa nocTllrHecpeAnHara; 3arrloTo roff nua Herqara, rlpucr'rrlu Ha trle4pu.fi

- H [08it; H He B3eMa' HO HHTO 9,4HOTO He npaBl{ KaKTOrpx6na, Hnro 4o6pe. Aro geftcrnureJlHo IpI,IBI{KHe KbMToBa HJrlr HflKaK no Apyr HaqnH ce rlpoMeHu, 6u 6utrure,4bp; sarrloro IrIe AaBa Ha KoI{To tpr6na n HtMa,qa B3eMeorKa,Aero He rpn6na. 3arosa ce cMqra, qe toii He e Jrolrr floxapaKTep; noHe)Ke He Ha nopoqHl,rfl H He6JlaropoAHnt errprrcbrrlo Aa HalBr,ruaBa B IaBaHero I{ HeBSeMaHero, a Harriynanur. 32. In rrtl, cturla ce, qe rofiro e pa3ToqltreJleHNO TO3H HAIIHH, E MHOTO NO-4O6IP OT CK'bNEPHI,IKA, KAKTOrlopaAH Te3r,r Herrla, Kor,rTo Ka3axMe, TaKa u IroHe)Ke rlbpBI,t-fr noMara Ha MHo3HHa, a BTopHflT Ha HI,rKoro, Aopu He u uace6e cu.33. Ho MH03r,rHcrBoro or pa3'roqnreJlHHTe, KaKTo

84 85

::::::i:i:l API,{CTOTE^

6eure rasaHo, H BgeMar orKbAero He rpr6Ba, H cnopegToBa ca cKbnepHlrrlvt. 34. A cranar cKJroHHr,r KbM 83eMaHe[opaAr.{ ToBa, qe racKaT Aa H3paSXoABaT, HO He MOraT .C

JreKora [a npaBflT ToBa; 3arrloro 6bp3o rr,r HanycKar cpeA-crBara. Wrrit, Te ca ilpnuyAeHr4 or [pyrale Aa cneqerrr;r4 cr,rrleBpeMeHHo rropaAn ToBa, qe Hr{KaK ne o6ptularBHUMaHUe Ha [peKpaCHOTO, JIeKOMI4CJIeHO U OTBCflKbAeB3eMaT, nOHeXe CLIJIHO )KeJIagT [a AaBaT, HO He rU I'IHTepe-cyBa rro KaKbB Haril4H trJrH o'fKbAe. 35. fIopaAH ToBa TexHH-Te ,,AaBaHHs" He ca ilIeApH, 3aqoro He ca npeKpacHl,I,Hl,rro ca 3apaAn rrpeKpacnoro, Hltro ca raKa, KaKTo rpx6na,Ho nonrKora Te rrpaBrr 6oraru re3r,t, KoHTo rpa6na ga6rgat 6e4lru, Karo Ha re3n c yMepeHn HpaBcrBeHr,r Kaqe-cTBa HUUIO He AaBaT, a npeAOCTaBtT MHOrO Ha JraCKaTeJrr,r-Te cH wrvt Ha AocTaBsrrrr,rre r,rM Apyro yAoBoJrcrBue. 3arosar,r MHo3rrHa oT Tflx ca HeBb3,4r,p)KaHr,r; 3auloTo JreKoMncJre-Ho xapqar r,r ca pasroqnrerHr,r 3a Heo6yslanocrnre cu dnopaAr,t ToBa, qe He xlrBeflT B cboTBeTcTBne c npeKpacHo-To, ce o6pnrqar K?,M yAoBorcrBr4.flTa. 36.14 rtft, pasrouu-TeJIHr,rtr, xofiro e ocraHaJl 6eg srsnuTareJl, crlrra AoTaKHBa Herqa, a aKo My ce cJryqn Hqrofi Aa noJro)Ktr rplrxa3a Hero, Aocrr{ra Ao cpeAHoro n roBa, Koero rpa6oa.Bnpoverra cKb[epHhqecTBoTo e Heu3Jreq]rMo; 3arrloTo cecMrra, qe crapocrra v BcrKo 6eecunne npaBu xoparacKT,nepHurlu.wro e [o-T.trcHo cpacHaTo c qoBeKa, oTKoJr-Koro pa3ToqlrreJrcrBoro; 3aqoro 6orrunncrsoro xopa o6u-qar napr,rre noBeqe, orKoJlKoro o6uqar Aa AaBar..38. WcKbrlepHuqecTBoTo e pa3rrpocTpaHeHo B fro-roJr.flMa cTe-IreH, H e prsoroo6pa3Ho; 3auoTo l,r3rJrexla, qe LrMa MHoroHarrr{HLr ga 6rgem cKbnepHr,tK: cbrqecrByBa vr B ABere -

HB HeAOCTI{ra B AaBaHeTO, H B Ha,qBLIIUaBaHe BbB B3eMaHe-TO, HO He y BCHqKr,r Ce HaMr,rpa qrJrocTHo r,r noHrKora epa3AeJIeHO - elHll HaAxBbpJIgT B1,B B3eMaHeTO, a [pnApyrn r4Ma HeAocrur B [aBaHero. 39. 3auoro re3u, Kor,rroca c TaKilBa Ha3BaHr,rfl, KaTo HanpHMep necTeJrnBrl, cKT,-nepHr,rrlH, aJrqHr,r, BcnqKu I,rMaT HeAocTlrra B [aBaHeTo, aK:bM IIY)KALTTE HEIqA HHTO CE CTPEM,flT, H}!TO )KEJIAflT AA IVIB3eMaT, B eAHlr Cryqan nopaAH HrKaKBo npvltur{ve H cTpaxoT no3op - HrKor4 I{3rJIeXIaT Vrill'n Ce FOBOptt, qe Ce ila3qTSapaAlr ToBa, 3a Aa He ce HaJro)Kn HrKora Ea HarrpaBflTHerqo cpaMHo. EAraH or rrx e rosr,r, xofiro nperpuBa Kr{Mr4-

86 87

oH, I{ noAo6sure Ha Hero, a oTTyK nABa HMero r{M - oTHallBrirrraBaHero B HeAaBaHero Ha HIiIIlo. B gpyrlr cryqaunopaAu CTpax ce BbsA'LpxaT oT tlyxAl{Te HeIIIa' noHe)Ke Hee JrecHo Aa B3eMeru qy)KAo, a Aa He AaAem cBoH Helua Ha[pyrHTe; cJreAoBareJrHo Ha rflx I,lM xapecBa Aa He B3eMaT I,I

.rta He AaBar. 40. .{pyrfi IrbK Bt B B3eMaHero Ha[xBT,pJIflT cTOBa, qe B3eMaT OTBCflKt'Ae I'I BCI4IIKO' KaKTO HanpHMep'fe3r,r, KoHTo ce 3aHI'tMaBaT c He6JIalopoAHH [eJIa, Hanpu-Mep cBo,[Hrnq,]rTe H BcnqKu uogo6Hn, 14 cT,IrIO JII,IXBapnTe'Koltro 3a MaJIKoro AaleHo noryrlaBar MHoro' Bcnqru reB3eMar orKr,,qero ne rpx6na I{ KoJIKoro ue tpn6na. 41.3aBCr{qKH TflX lrSFJreXAa e o6qo 6escpavftroro KoprlcroJrlo-6ne. 3auor:o BcI,tr.IKu re 3apagl,t neual6n, MaKap u MaJrKH,TbpnflT yKopH. 42. He Hapl,rqaMe cKbnepH,tlqv resn, KoHToB3eMar roJIeMI,r Heqa He orKbAeto tpn6na, Huro KoI'ITorpR6na, KaKBr'ITo ca rupaulrre, KoI,ITo pa3opflBar ABp)Ka-Br4Te V Te3n, Kor4l'o onpa6nar xpaMoBere, a ilo-cKopo rnHapl,rqaMe 6egqecrsu, !l [pecrbrlHl,I , I{ HecnpaBeAJII'lBI't.43. Eee cbMHeHue l{rpaqbr Ha 3apoBe H KpaAeIIbr Ha

Apex[, n pas6oftHI,tK'LT ca B tll.{croTo Ha cKbrl,epHl'tqI'ITe-3aqoro u egunte, I,I ApyrI,ITe 3apaAlr neqan6u BbpllrarCBOeTO' I'I TtpIIffT [OpfiIIaHI're, KaTO eAHI4Te BJII{3aT B HaU-roJreMlr orracHocrl4 3apaAI,t rreqaJI6a, a Apyrnre rleqeJIflT ornpr{rreJrr,rre, Ha Konro rpn6na [a [aBar. W eguute, uApyrl{Te , cJIeAoBaTeJIHO, fIoHe)Ke neqeJr'IT oTTaM, oTKb'qe-To He 'rpr6ra, ca 6escpauHo aJIqHn, a BcI'rqr(I4_TaKlIBaHaqr,rHr,r Ha B3eMaHe ca cKb[epHI,IqecKI'I . 44. Taxa qe

3acJry)KeHo cKb[epHI,IqecTBo ce HapHqa o6patHoro Ha Iqe-Ipocrra; 3alqoro e [o-roJIsM nopoK oT pa3TotlHTeJICTBO-TO, Lr froBeqe B Hero xopaTa rpe[raT, oTKOJIKOTO rro IOCOKaHa oHoBa pasroquTeJlcrBo, 3a Koero crloMeuaxMe. 45. IrtTT,fi, 3a lrlgApocrra lI nporHBorIoJIo)KHlITe Ha Het nopoqu,sexa 6rAe Ka3aHo roJIKoBa.

TJIABA BTOPA

I4errexAa cJIeABauloro ga o6ctxraHe e BeJII'IKoJIenu-ero. 3auroro r,r ro u3rJlexla, tle e HflKaKaa 4o6pogereJl,cBbpgaHa c HMylllecrsoro. Ho He ce orHacfl' KaKTo qeApo-CTTa' ,qO BCIIqKH IIOCTT,IKH, CBt'p3aHH C I'IMyIII9CTBOTO' acaMo Ao Te3Lt, cBT,pSaHH C xapqeHeTo. B rnx TO [peBb3xo-

filj'i:i:Iir-T] APTICTOTEA [::ii::':l:i:i:::::::::::l':l

)KA,a qe[pocrra. 3aqoro, KaK'ro caMoTo uMe noKa3Ba' Toe noAo6a;arqo ilo BerHtIHHa xapqeHe. 2- Ho roJlgMuHara e

crrpffMo Hetqo [oruocntenHa]. 3auloro He e eAHo l't c'blrloBeJrr{KoJIe[I{eTo 3a Tpnapxa !I 3a BoAaqa Ha cBeuleHo rlo-coJrcTBo. l[oAxoAquloTo e B SaBLICHMOCTor caMnt qoBeK I4

rrpeAMera, Lr ycrloBunro. 3. .T9-:,y'.-15-93"1{"g-Xgp-,Y# ",}3-lu?-llKl{.--14 Jr r{ yMepeH LI H eula cil ope,q cro ii n o crT A .H lvr"" He*ce. gaPfi l 1B9JII{KOJI9fl9H, KaKTO HanpHMep ,'MHOTO [T'T}I CbM AaBaJIHa npocflKa", a raKbll e oH3H, roiirg xap"lrH B' ILoIeMr{Heilra. 3aq-gTg BeJII{KoJIerHInflT g. :uIe{}..P, Ho llle-Ap,IalT'ct,BceM He e lleJlurone-nes. 4. HeAocrllrr'r Ha raKoBaKaqecrBo ce HapLIqa [pe6HaBocr, a H3JItlrtrbK'br - ueo6pa-3oBaHocr u 6esnxycuer I4 Apyru TaKHBa, KolITo He HaIIx-BlrpJIJ{T no BeJIHqIIHa Herllara, KoIITO rpn6sa, no 6necrgr:c nuilIHoct' B Heurara, B KoI4To ue rpa6na I'I KaKTo He

rpx6na; no-HararbK IrIe Ka>KeM 3a 1'flx. 5- A senlrxoJlenHn-rr npuJrllqa Ha yqeHl4t. 3arqoro Mo)Ke ga pae6epe I'I MHoro

Aa rloxapqu c'bpa3MepHo. 6. Kaxto Ka3axMe B Har{aJloro'r{paBcrBeHoro KaqecrBo ce ofipegerq no [eiinocrure H ornpegrraetnre [ua geiiHocrrare]. A xapuenuqra Ha BeJII'IKo-

JrenHHt ca roJIeMI,r n noAxox(Aaluu- TaruBacav AeJIara My;

TaKa qe pa3xoAHTe UIe 6r,Aar foJIeMU_H CboTBercrBaluI{ Hage.noro.-Cle[oBareJlHo AeJ]oro rpa6na Aa e [ocroiino sa

pasHocKl{Te I4 pa3HocKI'ITe :- 3a IIeJIoTo' I'{JII'I AopI{ AaHa[Br,rrxaBat. 7. Ho BeJIIlKoJrenHI'tflT rue HanpaBI{ TaKI'IBa

pa3HocKll B trMero Ha [peKpacHoro e o6rqo sago6pogereJlltre. 8. I4 ocseH ToBa - c y,uoBoJIcrBHe I'l

pa3ToqIITeJIHo; 3alrloro rotlHoro [pecMtraHe e, gpe6nano'9. t{ .roueue nle MucJII,I 3a roBa KaK e nafi-go6pe v r,ait-TIOAXOAflITIO, OTKOJIKOTO 3a IOJIeM14HaTa I',I KaK rIo-MaJIKo Aanoxapqu. 70. W ttfi, no Heo6xoAl4Mocr BeJIHKoJIeTIHItflT e

14 IIIe[T,p; 3aIIIOTO IIIeApI'IflT lqe nOXapq]I TOJIKOBa' KOJIKOTO

rpn6na, t4TaKa, KaKTo rpn6na. B resu Heura e BeJILIqueroHa BeJIIlKOJIenHlIfl, a uMeHHo B roJIeMHHaTa' noHe)Ke IrIeA-pocrra ce orHacfl Ao reSlt HeIrIa, uroft c paBHo xapqeHe IrIeHanpaBI4 AeJIoro rIo-BeJIHKoJIerIHo. Tasu go6pol{ereJl He e

e[Ha r4 cbula B npnTexaBaHeTo H AeJIoro; 3allloro l{Myrqe-CTBOTO, Koero e naft-cxtno, e uafi-qeHHo' KaKTo Haflpu-Mep 3raroTo, a 3a AeJIoTo - oHoBa' KoeTo e foJIflMO H

r-rpeKpacHo. 3aqoro r.lleAaHero Ha raKoBa HeIIro e qyAHo I'I

nbo6raxnoseHo, a BeJIIIKoJIerrHHflT e Heo6ltxHoseH I'I yqyll-

rraul. V{ go6pogereJlTa Ha AeJIoro cr'c cBoq'ra roJreMunalrpaBr{ BeJrHKoJrerluero. 11. Heqara, Kortro HapnqaMe rlo-rrc'fHn, unra'r o6n10 c pa3HocKI,lTe, KaK'f o Hanpl'IMep cBetqe-Hr4Te Aapotse 3a Soronere, H xpaMoRHTe rrocrpoitr<u, vX9p'IBOIIpIIHOIII9HHflTa' a CT,lqO IT BCtltlKI'I Helqa' KOI'iTO Ca

cBbpsaHlt c 6oxecreo, KaKTo H Te3H, KoH'ro ca HacoqeHl{K'rrM CTpgMe)Ka 3a o6qo 6.naro, KaKl'O HanpHMep KoraroI{rrKofi cM-fl'ra, ve rpr6na HflK'b/le Ia 6lAe 6necruul xoperHJrLr Aa 6r,ge tpuapx,vfitLr Aa HarIpaBtr yBeceIeHHe 3a IIeJIUtrroJrnc. 12. Ho BbB BcutIKlI TeBH Helua, Kol,lro Ka3axMe, ceo'rqr.{Ta roii rn nltaBu, KaKbB e H KaKIlo e I,IMyrllecrBoro My;3arqoro rpr6na pa3xo/II{Te Aa ca Aocroilsu ga nMylrrecrBo-To, rrpu ToBa He caMo crlpflMo AeJIoTo, a n cnptMo I'r3BT'p-rrrBalrlrrfl ro Aa ca ctorBernn. 13. 3arona 6eAsu.sr He 6uMorbJl ;1a 6rge BeJInKoreneH; 3aluoro rofi nnlvra ox'KT,Ae uaHanpaBH no[o6aeau{o roJIeMLr pa3xoAI'I. A rOfiro ce oflplT-ua, e rnynan. 3arqoro roBa e u3BbH paMKI,ITe Ha gocroiiH-c'rBoro u Ha roBa, Koero rpn6ra, a caMo roBa' Koero ce[panr{ rrpaBHJIHo, cbornercrBa Ha go6pogererra- 14. Ta-KHBa pa3xoAu uoAo6anaT Ha oHe3H, KOI{'[O lrMaT OCTaBeHo

or rrpeAr4 ToBa, uJII{ caMn ca ro npH4O6uilt4, l?,rlr or npe[-rluTe cI4 r,I oT clHe3ld, KoHTO Ca CB'bp3aHVI C TflX, I'l Cb[lo Ha

6naropogHnre no ilpou3xo,{ u Ha npoqyrnTe, I'r Ha ApyruTaKHBa. 3arqoto BT'B BcIlqKo roBa I{Ma BeJII{qHe U AOC-roi,iHcrso. 15. Taxa qe [peAIrMHo'[aKtB e BcJI]IKoJIenHlt-flT, Vr B TaKlrBa pa3HocKl4 e BeJII{KOJIeII'IeTO My, KaKTOKa3axMe. 3auoto:re ca nafi-roJleMH r,l naii-noquraHn, a'orrlcHqKI,I Heqa BeJII,IKoJIeilHH Ca{e3rl, Kor{To cTaBaT caMoBe,qH6x, KaKTo HanpHMep csar6a IIJIL Helqo [pyro raKoBaLI H erIIO, 3a KOeTO IIOJI ara y CV Jtvrtl IIeJI lrfl T rloJr I{c vl Jl v ollesv,KOr,rTO Ca Ha rloquT, I.1 [ocpeilIaHnt{Ta Ha qy)KAeHUH' 4noqeTH14Te IIapoBe, H cI'oTBeTHn'fe rloAap'bt1ll. Be.nnrone-nHutrr [paBH pa3HocKI{ He sa ce6e cu, a sa o6rqure Heura'a AapoBere r,rMar HrrKarso no.qo6ue ca'c cBeIqeHI{Te [apo-se. 16. Ha ne.rruroJIeIIHnt e flpuctlrto I4 ToBa [a nocrpoltKbtlla, cborBercrBarqa Ha 6ora:rcr:soro My; 3aqoro H ToBae Herqo, cMflTaHo 3.a yKpauesue. W rloBeqe xapqar 3aoHe3H Herrla, Kolrro ca AIJIrorp afisu - 3alqoro te ca uait-rrpeKpacHH; r{ ctulo sa nogo6anauloro 3a BceKH oTAeJIeHcnyuafi. 17. 3aruoro He eAHH It cr,Irlll Heqa npltJl.arar Ha6orosere H Ha xopara, Ha xpaM uJIIt na rpo6; a H BqeKIl

APt{CTOTEA

orAeJreH pa3xoA e BerI4qecTBeH no pola cn' a Hafi-BeJII4KO-JreneH e roJIeMutT pa3xoA 3a HeIrIo roJlqMo' oTKbAero Tofte TaKT,B, KOfiTO npn ,qaAeHuTe o6cTotTeJIcTBa BarB BCflKO

oTHOrrreHHe e roJIr{M. 18. Ho InMa pa3JIIAKa Me)KAy rorqMo-TO nO OTHO[reHI,Ie Ha AeJIOTO H roJIflMoTo flo oTHouIeHI',Ie

Ha xapqeHero. 3auoro rolKaTa vru Hail-xyclanoro IIrl,IIIIeHMa BeJrr,rKoJlenHero Karo AgTCKl4 IIO[apbK, Ho HeroBaracroftHocr e MaJIKa n He ueApa' 19. 3apagu roBa Ha BeJIn-KoJIerIHt'[fl e [Ipu0t,UIo KaKBOTO H [a npaBI'I' Aa rO npaBHBeJrI,tKoJre[Ho. 3atuoTo TaKoBa He[Io He Mo)Ke JIecHo Aa6l,[e HaAsltureHo, H rlo crofiHocrra clr cr,orBercrBa Ha

pa3HocKr4Te. 20. CnenoBareJlHo raKbB e BeJI[KoJIe[HI4tr'A xoft'ro HaABI,I[raBa Il e Heo6pasoBaH' HaAxBr'pJIflxapqeHero HaII Heo6xoAllMoro, KaK,TO Ka3aXMe. B vralrn-Te pa3HocKll MHoro n3pa3xol[Ba n 6necru HeK,pacI'IBo' Ka-rrti nanpuMep KofiTo nocpeqa Karo Ha cBar6a yqacrHl'I-Ilr,rre B ilvtp, vt KofiTo, Koraro e xoper' Ha KoMI'IqecKI'ITeaKTbopH npu TtpXeCTBeHOTo H3JIH3aHe Ha XOpa EOHacflilyp[ypHl,I ApexH, KaKTO Merapql'ITe.14 scuraxu re3l{ Helqa6iudipavwn ne eapa4u npeKpacHoro' a u3TbKBar4Kla 6ora-TCTBOTO CH, I,l CMqr LiLKl-, q9 3apaA[{ Te3I4 HerIIa ue 6bAeBHcoKO oIIeHeH, I,I TaM, KbAeTo rpn6na MHOIo [a iloxapqH'MaJrKo pa3HocKl{ rIpaBI4, a KbAero MaJIKo ['rpn6na] - MHo-ro [pa:lrocrra uparr,r]. 21. \pe6uaBl'trr B'l,B BcInqKn Helrra eIIo[ MflpKaTa I'I AopL cJIeA KaTo e noxapq]IJI TBr'pAe MHoro'c Herqo MaJIKO nOry6na ilpeKpacHoro, Karo KaKBOTO I{ AaHarIpaBlI, ce xo.ne6ae u ce crpeMH lro HflKaKT,B Har{I'IH rlo-MaJrKo Aa iloxapqlr, v cbx'ailABa' cMsrafi{u Je rIpaBH BC}I-qKrir Herrla B floBeqe, orKoJIKoro rpx6na- 22- CneaosareJlHoTaKI,rBa ca JIouIuTe KaqecTBa, Ho Te He HaHac-flT no3oprropalH ToBa, qe HI,ITO Ca BpeAHI'I 3a oKoJIHI{Te' H}ITo ca

IrpeKaJIeHo HenpHJIuqHH.

TJIABA TPETA

Belnxogyrufiero ce npoflBt{Ba B roJleMr{Te He[la I'I ToBard or uMero My ce suxAa. Hafr-xanpeg qe pae6epeM B

KaKBO ce cT,cToLt ro.2- HqIvIa HI4KaKBa pa3JII{Ka' AaJII'I I]Iepa3rJleAaMe Hero KaTo KaqecrBo HJII',I To3lI' KOftTO ro I4Ma.

3. I4srnexla, qe BeJII,IKoAyIITeH e ro3l't' xoftto custa ce6ecn .rlocroeH 3a MHoro, 6ugefixu AOCTOeH. 3aqoro roSll'

909l

xoftro cMflTa raKa He cnopen roBa KoJtKo e AocroeH, erJIyrIaB, a or re3r,r, KoHTo rauar: go6po[ereJlTa, Huxofi ne eHnro rJrynaB, Hr4To Hepa3yMeH. cle[onareJrHo BeJr14lloAY-ureH e ro3lr, 3a Kororo Ka3axMe. 4. Bupoueu ro3l,t, xofiroe llocroeH 3a MaJIKI,I HeIrIa H cMrra ce6e cu AocToeH 3a rflx,e 6laropaayMeH, a He BeJIHKoAyIneH. 5. 3arqoro BeJIHKo,uy-UII{ero e B roJreMnHaTa, KaKTo H KpacoTaTa e B roJrflMoToTTJIO' a MaJIKUT9 XOpa Ca I43flIIIHU LI CT,pa3MepHH' HO HeKpacuBr4. 6. A oHslr, xoftro cMl{'ra ce6e cu 3a AocroeH 3aroJreMn Herqa, 6ea 4a e gocroeH, e Halyr; so xoftro cecMqra 3a .qocroeH 3a floBeqe, orKoJlKoro e, He BfiHarIt eHaAyr. 7. A rofiro ce cMtra AocroeH 3a no-MaJIKo, orKoJI-KOTO e , e MaJrOAyrrreH - HeSaBHCHMO AAIItd 3A TOJIeMI,I I{JI}I3a yMepeHlI , vtrlvt 3L MaJIKII HeIIIa e AocToeH, BlIHarl{ cMflTace6e cn 11ocroeH sa no-MaJrKo. Iz[ naft-vtaJlogylrreH e raKbBqoBeK, KoraTo e AocroeH 3a MHoro Helqa; SarqoTo raxso 6HHarrpaBr,rJl, aKo He e AocroeH 3a roJIKoBa roJIeMH HeIrla? 8.Cre,qosa'reJrHo BeJrHKo,qyurHprar e Haii-sncoKo or rJIeAHaTOqKa Ha roJIeMlIHara, a c orJre[ Ha roBa, KoeTo e roJIKotsa,KoJrKoro rpn6ea, e cpegeH; 3alqoro roft ce cMrra 3a Aocro-eH 3a roBa, Koero e, cbo6pasHo gocroftucrBoro cu; aApyrvrHaABHrrraBar roBa vilv He r4M Aocrr4ra. 9. CnegoBareJlHoaKo cMtra, .Ie e locroeH 3a roJIeMn Heula, lI e AocroeH 3aTflX,V OCO6esO aKO 3a Hafi-rOleUu e AOCTOeH, to n1e 6r,geHafi-seqe B eAHo. 10. Bnpouevr AocroftucrBoro ce orHacflKa,M BbHrrrHnre 6nara. A ga Hafi-roflqMo cMrraMe roBa,Koero AaBaMe Ha 6oroBere r{ KbM Koero ce crpeMtr noqu-TaHr,rre xopa, lr Koero e Harpala sa Haft-npeKpacHr{Te. ATaKaBa e qecrra. 3aruoro rg e Hafi-sncurero or Bt'HIIrHItre6rara. W rtil,, BeJrr.rKolyurHvtflT ce orHacs Kl,M qecrra II6egqecurero raKa, KaKTo rpa6na. 11. W e -scHo u 6esAOBOAn, qe BeJrAKollyrrrHr,rre r{MaT Bpb3Ka c qecrra. 3aulo-TO rOJIeMI,rTe M'bXe CMflTar Ce6e CU Sa lOC'rOfiHl./. 3A HAit-rorqMa qecr, H To no ,(octoiiscrso. 1,2. A y rvrarogyrrrHtltrrMa HeAocrnr H no orHorrreHr,re Ha caMl{'I ce6e cn, u vcpaBHeHHe c 4ocrofiHcrBoro Ha BeJrlrKogyrtrHlrq. 13. Hagy-Turr cnpqMo ce6e cH HaABlruaBa MrpKara, Ho He l,l cnptrMoBeJrr.rKoAyrxuvts. 14. A reruxogyruHlrrr, aKo e AocroeH sa

Hafi-rorrMa qecr, e safi- go6pogerereu ('dprctoE) . 3aqo-To BlrHaru no-go6po4ereJrHlrrr e AocroeH 3a fio-roJrtMo-

To, a Hafi-Ao6po[ererHl{rrr - 3a Haii-roJIrMoro' CreAoea-TeJrHo HaI,IcrHHa rpx6na BeJIr{KollyruHnflT Aa 6lge go6po-

AerereH. I4 n:rlexla, qe Ha BeJII4K,oAyIlIHr.rfl e,lrpllc'r'lr1oTOBa, Koero e foJItlMO BT'B BCf Ka go6po4erel' 15' 3auloroHe flpl4rqra Ha BeJIUKoAyIIIHI4fl HIITO Aa Ug6qra c BcHqKu

cvItv, HIITO Aa rlocrr,nu HecnpalleAJII'rBo' Bnpoueu 3apaAlI

KaKBO 6U Ueur'pmnJI TIO3OpHH Helrla To3H' 3a KOroTo HHIIIO

He e roJItMo? 3auoro Ha pa3rrle)Kllauut{ or,qerHI4Te Heua6u prv H3nJIe)KAaJI TB't,pAe cMeIrIeH Bcr14KoAyurHHflT' aKo He

e ao6poA"teJleH. Bnpoueu se 6u 6ul locroeH 3a HI4KaKBa

uJ"t,'o*o e JIorr. 3anto'ro qecrl'a e HarpaAa sa go6po'qerel-Ta u ce AaBa Ha go6pogerelnnre' 16' CreAosareano'BeJII,rKO,4yIIrHeTo H3rJIe)KAa' qe e cblllo lI HtKaKBa yKpaca

Ha lo6piluereJrl,ITe; 3aIrIOTo rI{ npaBI'I ilo-roJleMl4 I'I He

"t"i""t'u/"a 6es trx. flopalt't roBa e rpyAHo la 6r'ry11

:F'A]?rCT]HHABeaItKoAy[JeH; 3auloTo roBa e HeBb3MOXHO be3

HpaBcrBeHo cl,Br,prueHcrBo. l7 - II'rbfi, BeluKonyuHHfTHafi-neqe ce npoxonna rro orHoIIreHlIe Ha qecrra u 6esqe-

crl{ero; tI Ha roJIeMI{Te rroqecrl{ rrpnct,AeHH or gocroftHu-

re (orou6tiiog), yvrepeuo ce HacrlaxAaBa, 3auloro iloryqa-Ba oT T'Ix [t'Jlxuvror:o u lopu IIO-MaJIKO' flOnexe Aoc-rofincrsoro Ha cbBr'plueHara go6pogereJl He Moxe Aa

craHe vecr. flpu Bce roBa, H3rJIexAa roii ule npneMe

oHe3ln [oqecTl{, IroHexe He Moxe Aa My ce AaAe noeeqe' Arroqurra, KoflTo e or clyuaftHu xopa u or MaJIKIt Helqa' Tolt

Ha[bJIHo npeHe6persa- 3aqoro He e roBa' 3a Koero I1o""o"". nb ctrqnq HaqlIH ce orHacfl I'I Kt'M 6e:uecrnero;3a[roro H.flMa Aa e crpaBeAJII4Bo 3a Hero' 18' I/{ rcfr, uailt-

BeIIe'KaKToKa3aXMe'BeJII4KotryilHI'.'ITceilpoflB'BaIIoorHoltteHue Ha qecrra. Ho Bce rIaK u Kr'M 6orarcrnoto' nKbM BJIacTTa, I,I BcflKo III,ACTHe H HeIrIacTI4e' KaKBOTO U AA

ce cJlyqu, ce A'bpxu yMepeHo. ln sura Koraro r'Irura go6lpcnyuiit, ce paABa rB'LpAe MHoro, HI'ITo Koraro rt'pnn Hec-

noiyxa, e MHoro orleqaJlen. Hlno KbM qecrra ce orHacflTaKa, Karo qe JIH e naft-rorqMo Heuo' 3aqoro BJlacrra H

6orancrso'ro 3apa[Lr qecrra 6usar us6npaHu' Bnpover"r

Te3r,r, KoI,ITo rI{ IrMar' HcKar Aa 6t[ar [oqnraHl4 3apaA]I

rqx. 3a Kororo rI'LK qecrra e Helqo MaJIKo, 3a Hero lrApyrI{Te Helqa He ca roJIeMn. 3aroea rv cMtrar 3a Ha'4MeH-

ii. tg. Ho HsrrexAa, qe n uacrJrl4Bnre cJlyqau Aoilpl'rHa-

92 93

fiI.lIi:I HUKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA urA tv

cflT 3a BeJII,rKo[ytunero. 3auloto 6"naropo,{HI{Te rIo npol'r3-xoA ce cMqra'r gocrofrHu 3a qecr, KaKTo I4 BJlacrHl'tqnre I{6orarure; 3alqoro uMar pl3Jrr{tur,K H rrpeBb3xoAcrBo, a

BCrKO npeBr,3XOACTBO B 6larOro e ilo-roqnTano. 3alosa ul'aKUBa Helqa ru npaBflT rIo-BeJII,IKo/IyulHI'I; 3aqoTo MHoSI',I-Ha rrorrr4Ta'r raKuBa xopa. 20. EAuHcrueH go6po,qereJlHH-flTHalrcruHa rpx6ea Aa 6rAe noquraH. A to3u, y Kororo I{Man ABere, ce cMflTa ga rlo-AocroeH 3a noqLIT. One3n nlx,Kolrro 6e: go6polereJr HMar raKl4ua 6lara, Te HHTo crrpaBo cMrrar ce6e cu Aoctofisu 3a roJIeMH Helrra' HI'ITo enpaBlrJrHo ,qa ce Hapnr{ar BerHKoIIyIrrHlI. 3auoto 6eg ct-nipnreHa go6pogerefl BeJIltKolyruHe He c'bilIecruyna--2l-HanrurenHrare l,r ropgenlrBure cbIrIo nprago6unar regH 5na-ra. 3aqoro 6es lo6pouereJl He e'JIecHo ,qa ce rtouac{TrrpaBr,rJrHo ycflexl{Te, a He MoxefKI,I Aa rIoHactIT u cltu',flTau-

Kr{, qe [peBbSxoxAaT ApyrHTe, flr rlpe3l'rpaT, a caMr'ITe TenpaBflT KaKBoro ce cryqu. Te noApaxaBar Ha BeJII'IKoAyIIr-unx, 6es Aa ca Karo Hero, H flpaBffT ToBa B Helrlara, B KoI'IToMoraT, T.e. He [paBqT HeIqaTa, KoI,ITo ca B cboTBeTcTBI'Ie cgo6pogererr:a, a npe3upar ApyrHTe. 22. BenuxoAylrrHI'IflTcnpanegnuBo rrpe3up.1 (sauroio orcbxAa Bflpno), a MHo-guncrsoio

- cnyuaftHo. 23. W se ce I{3JIara Ha MaJIKI'IorracHocrrl, Hl,rro o6nqa oflacHocrn ltopa[ta noqldr KT,M

MaJrKr,ITe olracHocTH, a ce I,ISJIara Ha roJIeMH oflacHocTH I'I

KOTaTO Ce In3JIara Ha orlacHocT, He lrla,{n xI',IBoTa cH, KaToqe JrH sa Hero HuKaK He e BaxHo ua ocraHe xI'IB. 24- InpaBr,r ycJlyru caMo rofi, a,[a noJlyqasa 6rarogefr,Httfl' cecpaMyBar nOHe)Ke nbpBOTO e IIplICT,IrlO Ha npeBT'3xO)KIa-ttqrrtfl.,- a. Apyroro - Ha ro3I,I, xofiro e ripent,:xox.gau- ltl la6raroAennHe ce orrrJlaulit B rlo:roJlr{Ma crqrleH; 3a4oro noTo3r,r HaqHH roftro npr,B e HarIpaBlIJI 6naro,qeqHue, qe l\,ry

Aa,Jrxr4 Orrle Kt,M TOBa H U1e 6lge o6laroAereJlcrBaH. 25-WolI1e, I43rJIe)KAa, qe noMHflT Ha Koro ca HarrpaBpllu 6laro-AerrHr,re, a aKo rloJlyqaBar or HfKoro - He. 3aqo'ro ro3n,rofiro floryqa-Ba 6narogennne, e no-HegHaqHTeJIeH or oH-eu, xofi:ro ilpaBH 6.narogerHue, a re xeraqr Aa ilpeBbgxo-)K,uar. I4 aa nrpooro cJlylrrar c yAoBoJIcrBHe, a 3a BToporo

- c Hey,{oBoJIcrBLIe; 3aroBa u Teruga He HaIroMHx Ha 3esc6.naroA,egHvrflTa cr4, HI,ITo nt,K JIaKeAeMoHIIHTe - 3a oKa3a-Hlrre or rrx [6rarogenwunl Ha aruHqHnre, a caMo re3l{6n aro geau r,rfl , Ko I,ITo ca rIoJIyq HJI n.26. Ha Ber I,I Kogym rrttfl e

rrpr4cbqo ,4a He ucKa o'f HI'IKOro uJII{ e['Ba B KpaeH cryqaft'

a [a oKa3Ba ycJlyru oxorHo u Aa 6ble BeflHqaB (p'61cE) no

oTHoI[eHHeHaIIoqI{TaHHTelInMaIIIHTey'cilex'acnpqMocpeAHlITe Aa 6tAe yMepeH; 3alqoro Aa ilpeBb3xox'ua rbp-Btrre e rpyAHo I'I BeJIInKOJIenHo' a ApyrI{Te - JrecHo' I'r cpeA

nrprure Aa ce xBaJII'l He e 6esqecrHor AoKaro cpe.tl cMllpe-

suie e se[pl4JlnqHo' KaKTo [a ce rIoKa3BauI cl'IJIeH cpe[ii""""n"r'i. Zl. Toft [nenuKoAyruH''T] ne ntps]r K]YHeIIlara, Koliro ca noqeisu I'IJIll KbAero Apyru ca Ha nr'pBo

MgcTo; I,t e JIeHnB' u oTJIara, HO TaM' KbAeTo I'IJIH qecTTa He

e fOJIqMa' I'[JII'I A9JIOTO' a e CKJIOH-€H Aa n3BT'plIIn MaJIKO

Herrla, Ho roJIeMI{ H cJIaBHII' 28' Heo6xo[lrYo e cblrro Aa

6t1e u orKpllTo Mpa3eIIr' H rBeH npna:ren' 3auroro Aa ce

*pre "

ttp"etttlo Ha crpaxynaqnr ce' KaKTo lI Aa ce rpu)Klt

3a I,ICTI4HaTa rIo-MaJIXO, orrolroro 3a MHeHI',IeTo' 14 Aa

"ouop" u geftcrnyna-orKpl'Iro - roft e orKpoBeH T-lfifl

to"a, qe ilpe3np-a. 3aroia e H npaBlllB' ocBeH KoraroroBoDIn qpe3 HpOH Vfl; a vtpo{uqeH e' Koraro ce o6plqa*t*'"tnnuta.'29. flpraclulo My e oue 'qa He *:^T^"^-TxuBee c IPYr, ocBeH c npralrel; 3aIIIOTO TOBa e poocKo'

SaToBaltncnqruJlacKaTeJIlIcaTeTI,II4IIoKopHLITecanua*u""nr. 30. Huro JrecHo Moxe Aa 6r[e yqyAeH; 3arqoTo

3A Hero HL{UIO He e roJlflMo' Huro e 3JIOrIaMeTeH; 3alrloro

Ha BerILIKoAyulHI4t He e rpl4ct'rlo 4a npurgM::-1::.i6"Ir'JroIrlH HeIIIa' a no-cKopo .4a He o6plula BHHMaHIne' 5r'il;; e raK'IrB, xofiT o roBop' 3a xopara - uuro- sa ce*Q-e cu

rqe Ka)Ke, HHTO 3a Apyr; 3allloro Hl'lro ce rpuxll ATry"x-s-u ce6e cu' HHTo

-s-a la 6l4ar yKopflBaHH [pyruTe' L'T

lpyra cTpaHa, He e CKJIOHeH KbM rloxBaJlll; lt [opaAI'I TOBa

He 3JIOCJIOBI', Hl',tro Aopl{ 3a BparoBeTe cu' a caMo KoraTO e

.'"p-o; i";ueceuol o6xrp6n'ex "t' ??' I4 ga Heo6xo'4l'IMlt

u.n.nr.aarrruHeIIIaHexJIeHqnIlHeMOJII,I;TaKaAaceoTHacqKbM Te3H Heqa e npucblrlo Ha qoBeK' rofi'ro ce crpeMuycrplHo Kt'M Ttx. 33. VI e raKbB' qe fipurexaBa rloBeqe

iro6'pta Heula I'I He[roAopo,u,HI'I' orKoJIKoro nJIoAoHocHrr I'I

nOJreSHU;3aIIlOTo rOsa e IIO-npuCt'IIIO Ha qOBeK' rOfrrO He

ce HyxAae or qyx,qa noMolrr' 34'Vl ce cMflTa' qe AB[IxeHu-ero Ha BeJIHKoAyIIT Hufl e 6anHo, rJlacbr - T'ex'bKt a peqra

- yBepeHa; 3aIIIOTO He e CKJIOHeH KT',M 6lp:aue tIoBeK'

xofrro'Kr,M MaJIKO HeIIra ce crpeMu c ycbpAl'Ie' Hlrro e

94 95

HUKOMAXOBA ETI'KA. KHHTA IV

HanperHaT To3H, Ha KoroTo Hnrqo He ?I3rJIe)KAa roJItMo; aToBa ca npuqr{Hr,rre sa ocrporara Ha rJIaca u za 6'spzwuara.ClegorareJrHo raKbB e BeJruKoAyruHr{rr. 35. Tosu , naKororo He Aocrr,rra [nerqo or ropHoro] e rraanogyIrreH, a yKororo Ha[B]rruaBa , e HaAyr. Ho ne ce cqldra, qe re caJroruu - 3arrloTo He ca xopa, Kor,rTo npaBflT 3lrt4ltu, a caTaKlrBa, Kor,rro rpefirar. Or egna crpaHa MaJroAylrrHtttr,MaKap ue e qocroen ga 6nara, JIIr[raBa ce6e cu or regll,3aKol,rro e AocroeH, rr rasrJle)Kga, qe HMa y ce6e cH H.flKaKbBnopor nopagu roBa, qe He cM.sta ce6e cu nocroeH ga 6.rrarar,r He rro3Hasa ce6e clt; 3alrloro aKo e AocToeH 3a rtx' cecrpeMl4 KI,M TtX, rrOHeXe ca 6lara. TaxHsa xopa cbBceMHe ca cqr,rraHu 3a rJryrraBrd, a [o-cKopo np]rrecq4Tg4.Hu. Ar,r3rJrexAa, qe roBa I{M MHeH}Ie rn v npaBLI no-Jlomu;3arrloTo BceKr4 ce cTpeMn KI,M HeqaTa, 3a KoI,ITo e AocTo-eH, a Te ce oTcTpaHflBaT v oT rIpeKpacHI4Te nocTbnKu I'IgaHHMaHI,tt, Karo qe Jru ca He,4ocroftttn, lI crrlrlo LI orBbHrrrHr,rre 6nara. 36. A Ha,qyrnre ca rJIylaBI,I H HerIo3Ha-Barrlu caMr,rre ce6e cu, I{ TegI{ Helrra ca frBravt - 6eg Aa ca4ocroftnn, ce 3aeMar c rroqerHl,I HeIrIa, u cJreA rona 6usarngo6ruqenlr; r4 yKpactBar ,upexure !I BT'HIrrHocrra cvt, vt

Apyru TaKI,IBa HerIIa, u )KeJIar{T Aa HarlpaBsT TBHLI 3a Apyr[-Te cBorrTe ycllexfi pI roBoptr 3a Tqx, Karo cM.flTar, q93apaArn rrx ilIe 6r,4at rroqI4TaHH. 37. Ma.rrolyulrero ce[poTuBonocraBff Ha BeJII,IKoIyuMeTo rloBelle, orKoJIKoroHaAyrocrra , Saqoro r,r [o-qecTo ce cpeqa, H e rIo-JIoIlo.

TJIABA TIETBbPTA

14 r'rfi., BeJrl{quero Ha Aylrrara Iavra o6qo c roJlflMaraqecr, KaKTo KagaxMe. Ho. r,rgrJlexla, qe c tlecrra lIMaBpb3Ka orqe eAHa go6pogereJr, KaKTo B HaqaJloro 6eureKa3aHO, KOTTO 6H HgrreX,4aJIO, qe [IMa noqTlt e[HaKBooTHorrreHr,re Kb M BeJI I,I KOAyIITUeTO, KaKTO IrIetrpOCTTa Kb MrleJrr,rKoJrenHero. Te u gnere ca orAaJIeqeHH or roJltMoro,HO rro orHorrreHng Ha yMepeHr,rre H MarKI{Te HeIrIa cbSAa-Bar y Hac raKoBa pa3noJloxeHl4e, KaKBoro rpn6ta. 2.Karro B noryrraBaHero H AaBaHero Ha napn cblrlecrByBacpeAHHa, u cbryo il3JrrrlrrbK r{ He[ocTI4r, TaKa I{ B crpeMexaK15M noqur I,IMa ,,rloBeqe(" oTKoJlnoro rpa6Ba, I,l ,r[o-MarKott, n orKbAero rpx6ra, u KaKTo rpr6na.

3. {{ectonrc6usus. yKoptBaMe, AoKoJIKoro ce crpeMl4 KbMiloql.{T rloBeqe, o'rKoJIKoro rpx6na, pt orraM, orKbAero HerpxSea, a FreqecroJrro6neu.s - AoKoJIKoro cH e ns6pan gaHe TroJryqaBa rrorrr4T llopr4 3a npeKpacHu Inocrrnru]. 4.[nonqxora xBaJrHM qecroJIIo6HBHl, qe e cMe"r ra oGttuaulrrlleKpacuoro, a HeqecToJrIoSI,IBLIfl -

qe e yMepeH u pa3y-MeH, KaKTo lI Ir HaqaJroro KagaxMe. .flcrto e, qe no MHotoHar{r{Hpr HapHLIaMe O6n.larqH-n TaKr{Ba Helqa, Karo ro xBa-JIr4M 3a roBa, qe e iroBeqe qecronn6uB or MHolKecrBoro, aro yilpeKBaMe 3a roBa, qe e qecrorru6He noBer{e, orKoJrKo-ro rpx6na. Ho nosexe cpeAl,t Hara ryK HtrMa I'IMe, 3aroBaHgrirex5a, ue xpaiiuoc'tnre ce 6opxr 3a npa3Horo Mflcro.Ho g rouro HeIIIa I{Ma ngJIHIrrr'K u HeAocrptrr, B 'l'-ax lIMa I4

cpeAr,rHa. 5. Xopara ce crpeMtr KbM nor{HT 14 lroBeqe, I{ rlo-Ma.rrKo, a lrougKora tI KoJIKoro rpl6na. Hecr'uneno roBarrocJrelHoro KaqecrBo 6!rsa xsareHo, rroHe)Ke e cpeAlrHaraIIO OTHOUIeHUe l-ra qeCTTa, Ho ro HtMa lIMe. cnpluo uec-ToJrlo6uero. lro ce cM.flTa 3a JIIdrIca Ha rlec'roJrrc5ue, ucpaBHeHI{e c JrHrIcaTa Ha qecToJlto6ne

- 3.a qecroJllo6l4e,a B CpaBHeHI'Ie C ABeTe I'r3rJIe)K[a nO HflKaKT,B HaquH KaTOgrerb. 6. Tona, I{srJIe)KAa, e raKa Lr 3a Apyrl,rre 4o6pogere-nu. .IIsHo g? qe KpafiHocrlrre ce rpornBonocraBtr noMex-Ay cu nopaAl{ ToBa, qe cpeAuHara He ce Hapl4qa c HIIKaKBOHMC.

IJIABA IIETA

Kporoc'rra e cpeAl{Hara no orHollreH}re Ha rHeBa,HO rroHe)Ke cpe,u{Hara HqMa uMe, a lr rpafinocrl{Te noqrl'IlrrMar, HapHqaMe cpeAl,IHara KpoTocT, HaKJIoHflBaqa ceKT,M HeAOCTT{fa, fIoHeXe I4 Tofi H.sMa uMe. 2. AugnuulbKbT6u uorur Aa ce Hapeqe rHeBJIHBoct. 3aqoro rryBcrBoro erHrB; a [pe,qn3BLrKBaIIIHTe ro Helqa ca MHoro I4 pa3JruqH]I.3. Tosu, rofiro ce rHeBu or Heulara, or Kol,tro rpr6ra u HaKor4To xopa tpn6na, H olrre KaKTo rpl6na, Koraro rpn6na nKOJTKOTO Al,JrrO rpfl6na, 6usa xsanen. creAosareJIHo roft6u vroru Aa 6rAe HapeqeH Kporr,K, rlprl ycJloBuer qeKporocrra e godroftua 3a rloxBala. 3aq,oro KporKnsrxeJrae [a 6rAe HeBb3MyTHM LI [a Ue geficraa noA BJItrtIHrre

Ha crpacrra (rdoog), a KaKTo HapexAa pa3yMl,T ttprl aaae-

E HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA. KHUTA IV

Hn o6cToflTeJIcTBa, TaKa I{ ToJIKOBa IIT,JIIO Aa Ce rHeSI,I. 4.tr{srnexA,a rroBeqe ce rpeilrH B HeAocrnra. 3auloro KporKH-gT He e orM:bcTrrTeJreH, a flo-cKopo cKJIoHeH ua IlpouaBa.5. He4ocrnrbr, KoiiTo e HflKaKBa Hepa3Apa3HurerHocr'r,urH KaKBOTO 14 [a e Apyro Heuo, e npe[Mer Ha yKop.3auoro ce cMtra, qe ca rJIylraBH oHegI,I,' Kolrro He cerHeBgr or Helrlara, or Kottro r:px6na, ta cl,uo KoHTo cerHeBtr He KaKTo rpn6na, He Koraro rpn6na4 He Ha Kororo:rpr6na. 6. Te H3rJIexAar JII{ureHu or qyBctBa H qe He

crrp6xr, a HerHeBnquflT ce He e c[oco6en 4a ce 3aq]IT]l.Bnpoueu nsrofi [a rloHacx cuoxoiino roBa, qe cpaMHo caro orro3opn nn, w Aa rJIeAa patsHoAyrllHo 6lngrrlre, KoI'IToca yHH)KaBaHlr, e po6cxo. 7. Itlsnufitsxtr o6aqe e BbBBcriqKo. 3auloro ce rHeBI4M I{ Ha xopa, Ha KoI4To ne rpa6na,I4 or Herrla, or KoIITo He rpn6na, u noBeqe, orKoJlKo'forpr6ra, u no-6rpso, lt fio-llt,Jlro BpeMe. Ho scuqxld regtlHeua He ce HaMltpar B eAuH I,I cl,IqH qoBeK. 3arqo'ro seMOraT Aa ce CbBMecTtBaT - [OpOKt,T It CaM ce6e cnnory6na, !r aKo e nbJIeH Ir IIflJIocreH, craBa Henonocuru. 8.fnernnsure or eAHa crpaHa 6tpso l{3naAar B rHffB }l..orxopa, or Kouro ne rpn6na, Ir or HeIIra, or KoHTo He rpx6na,u ilo-crrJrHo, orKoJrKo'ro rpl6na. Ho or Apyra crpaHa ceycnoKorBar 6tpeo. Tosa e n nafi-go6poro' Koero HMar.Tosa lrv ce cryqBa, noHexe He BT,3['Lpx(ar rHeBa cu, aorBpr'qar c orKpr{Ta 6yftnocT n pfl3Ko, a CJIeA TOBa rlpec-TaBar ra ce rHeBffT. 9. flopagra H3Jlr{[lr,K us6yxnxnrre('crp61ol,og) ca 6yfina u npra6r,psa*u vt ce rHeBrtr orBCnrrKo r{ rro BcfKaKBH npI4qHHu, orKbAero e H uuero. 10.

PasgpasnureJrHuTe (atrp65) He Mclrar Aa ce rloMttptr I,I

AbJITO BpeMe Ce rHeBflT, 3aIIIOTO Te Bb3trII'pxAT apoCTTacu. A oiArxnauero I{,qBa, Koraro ce orfiJtarxr. 3aqotoorMr'rrleHr{ero cJrara rpaft xa rHeBa Ir npeAIt3BHKBa yAO-BOJICTBI,Te Ha Mtcroro Ha cTpaAaHI{eTo. Axo rosa He cTa-He, uM e TexKo; 3alIIoTo IIopaA],| ToBa, qe rHeBbT HM He eoqeBrdAeH, ur.txoft He rI{ ycnoKotBa, a rpx6na BpeMe, 3a AayrnxHe B caMHTe r:xx. Ta_xr4sa 19p1 Haft-."919- T1_y3':U.utce6e cu n Haii-seqe- nprnrt.er-r"te gi'i. lf. EyfiHn (go.Lenft'1Hapr.ruave Cesu, Kolrro ce rHeBrr or HeilIa, or KoHTo Herpa6ra noBeqe orKoJrKoro rpx6aa u [o-AtJIro BpeMe, I,t

Koltro He ce rloMuprBar, 6es ga orMbcrflT IIJIU HaKaxar.

96 97

API,ICTOTEA

L2. A sa Kporocrra rrporr,rBoflocraBrMe no-cKopo vtsJtu-IrrbKa, 3arrloro rofi no-qec:ro ce cpeqa - [o-[pucbrrlo Haxopara e Ia orMbnlasar.I 3a cbBMecreH xuBor 6yfinu'reca rro-Jrorru. 13. Tosa n flo-rope 6eue Ka3aHo, a e ltcHo In

oT HerqaTa, Kor,rTo TyK roBopHM; noHexe He e JrecHo ,qa ceonpeAeJrr{ fro KaKa,B HaqLrH, Ha Ko}r xopa, IIo KaKBI,I [rpHqr4-HH r,r KOJTKO AT,JrrO rpfl6na Aa Ce rHeBlIM, ]r AOK'r,[e HqXOftrlocrbnBa npaBr,rJrHo urH rperur4. Toeu, xofir'o MaJIKo ceoTKJIOHtIra, He rO yKOptBaT HIITO 3a TOBa, KOeTO e BrloBeqe, Hltro 3a roBa, Koero e B ilo-Ma.nxo. 3auloro AoKa-TO Te3I,r, Ha KOr,rTO He HM AOCTU|a, rn XBaJIUM U Ka3BaMe,qe ca KporKLr, ro 6yftcrnarquTe Hapr,rqaMe cMeJrrr H qeMorar Aa ynpaBJrJ{sar. He e JrecHo Aa ce o6ncsu c AyMrlKOJTKO U KaK OTKJrOHrrBaqfirr Ce MOrKe ,{a 6rAe y[peKBaH,3arrloTo pasrpaHuqeHHeTo e rro oTIIeJrHuTe Herrla I,I cIIopeAqyBcrBoro. 14. Ho B Kpafl Ha Kpanuara e flcHo, qe cpeAHo-To KaqecrBo e gocrofiuo 3a noxBaJra* rrpu Hero ce rHeBr,rMHa xopara, Ha Konro tpr6na, rro re3u rIpHrrHH]r, tro Kor,rrorpa6ua, KaKTo rpn6na H Bcr,rqKo nogo6uo, a BceKH vsntvr-rrreK H HeAocTrrr e AocToeH 3a yrrpeK, n KoraTo ca B MaJrKacTeneH, rr{ y[peKBaT JreKo, aKo ca B [o-roJlrMa cTeneH,noBeqe, a aKo ca Ha,4aJreq - cHJIHo. cre,4osareJlHo, flcHoe, ue rpa6na Aa ce npnAr,pxaMe KbM cpeAHoro KaqecrBo.15.Wrt itr 3a KaqecrBara, cBT,p3aHla c fHeBa, 6eure Ka3aHo.

IJIABA IIIECTA

B o6rqynanvflTa v B cr,BMecrHoro xuseeHe, I4 B pa3ro-Boplrre H [peAMerHTe, cBT,p3aHfi c o6rqynaHero, n3rJIex-,ua, qe HflKou ca yroAHr,rqvr * Te3vl, KoI,ITo xBaJIflT BcI,ttIKooxorHo lI He ce nporl{BonocraBff'r Ha Huulo, cMr{TafiKI{, qe:rpx6na ga 6rqar ueo6peuenr,rreJrHl,r ga oH3H, c Kororoo6qynar. 2. \pyrure, Korrro o6paruo Ha rrx, ce rporr4Bo-fiocraBqr Ha Bcl,rrrKo r.r Hrl Haft-MaJrKo He ce rpuxar Aa Heocxr'p6xnar, ce Hapnqar Herrpnrr.Hvr v gaflA\ilusnt- 3. Wrtfi,qe cnoMeHaTlrTe KarrecTBa ca AocrofiHr,r 3a ynpeKBaHe, Hee HercHo H orrle, ve rpx6ea Aa 6t,Ae xBaJreHa rflxHaracpe[HHa, cro6pa:uo c Korro ce ogo6panar, a cbqo.l,r ceoTXBl,pJItT, HerrIATa, KOr,rTO r:pn6ra, I{ KaKTO rpn6na. 4. HaToBa KaqecrBo He e laleHo Hr{KaKBo uMe, Ho'ro nafi-vnoro

98 99

OMAXOBA

npr4rnqa Ha npnrreJrcrBo (gil,(o). Tosu, xofiro ce npu-Alp)Ka KbM CpOAHOTO KaqOCTBO, e TaK'bB, KaKT,BTO HCKaMeAa Hapnqarvre 4o6rp npflqTer, Koraro e nplr6annJr ocBeHToBa H qyBcrBoro Ha HexHa o6nq.5. Ho ce pa3ruqaBa ornplr-flTeJrcrBoro no roBa, qe e 6eg qyBcrBeHocr u 6esHe)KHa o6uu y re3r,r, c Kouro o6n1yna. 3aqoro He nopalnnpuqTercKoTo o6HqaHeilflvt nopa[r4 oMpa3aTa ce npHeMaTHerrlara, KoHTo 'rpn6na, a 3apa4r,r roBa, qe qoBeKbr eTaKbB. Toft no eaur v cr,rrru HaqHH ce orHac.ff K'bM Heno-3HaTH H nO3HaTU. IIle Ce [bp)Kr,r raKa r{ KbM Te3I,l, c KonroHe e CBHKHaJI, 14 KlbM Te3I,t, C KOHTO e CBIIKHaJI, CaMO qecnopeA BceKn orAereH cnyuafi.3aqoro He IIo eEuH Lt cr'ul4HaqHH e yMecTHo Aa ce rpH)KH 3a 6rr,r3KI,1'Te vr 3a qy)KI(IrTe,Hnro Aa rH oropqaBa. 6. CneloBareJrHo, KaKTo Beqe Ka3a-xue, roil uso6ulo ule ce Abpxr{ KaKTo rpl6ra, rqe e Haco-qeH KT,M IIpeKpaCHOTO H IIOJIe3HOI'O' II|e Ce c'IpeMU [a HeoropqaBa vnv D\a cnoAer.q paAocrra. 7. I4:]rrexAa ronaKaqecTBo r{Ma oTHorxeHHe Kt'M yAoBoJIcTBvnT?L t4. cTpaAa-HUflTa, KOHTO Ce nopa)K,Uat n O6rqynaHnr{Ta. Oyrsx oHe3u,Kor,rro cilopel Hero He e go6pe nilv e Bpe,qHo Aa AocraBt HaIpyrr,rre, roft orxrrpJrs, Karo rqe u:6epe rofi Aa ce lI3Mt -qra. VI oqe, aKo HMa Herqo, Koero aKo ro usnrpurra, 6nAOHeCJTO UenpUCrOiiHOCT , t4 Tfl He e MaJr Ka, HJrH nT,K Bpe,Ua,a nporr,rBonoJroxHoro My - MaJrKa crpr,6, rofi Hrua ga roogo6pn, a ule ro orxBbpJru. 8. flo pasJrlrqeH Haqr,rH rrreo6qyna c re3ll, Kor4To ca noErHTaHU vr c o6nxnogeHl4reXopar U C fIOBeqe UJILI IIO-MaJIKO IIO3HaTHTe, LI fIO CT,UIHJ{

HaqHH e H 3a IIpyrLrTe pa3il*tr{vfl,, KaTo Ha BceKH AaBanogo6anaul'oro u cto6pasHo c Hero cu nt6npa [a u3nHTBacbttla'fa pauocr, a u:]6qrsa Aa rr4 ofopqaBa; Ho e cl,npHqa-CTeH KT'M CJIyqBaUII4Te Ce Heqa' aKO Ca IO-BaXHI'I ;roBopr 3a npeKpacHoro

'r rroJre3Horo. w zapagu roJrrMa

rrocJrelBaula pa[ocr, rqe [pHqr.{HH MaJrKo crpagaHue. 9. TIttfi, taxr,n e npnAtpxaqlt.flT ce KbM cpe,qrlHara, Ho HtMaume. A or regn, Kolrro AocraBrr y4oBoJrcrBue, e\ur,roriro ce crpeMh caMo Aa 6rge npnnreH, a HqMa 3a rlerHeruo Apyro, e yrollHr4K, a oH3r.r, xoftro [npasu :roaa] ,sa AanpoH3Teqe 3a Hero HtKaKBa rroJl3a, 3a flapn v BcpltlKvlHerqa, KoHTo ce nocrnrar c ttapu, e racKareJl. 3a ousu rtrx,roftro BcHrtKo orxBt,pJrfl, ce Ka3Ba, qe e He[pvflTeH vI

APl,,lCTOTEn

3arAJr!rB. I4srnexga, qe KpaiiHocTnre ce flpoTul]onocTa-B'IT e,4Ha Ha Apyfa rropaln ToBa, r{e cpeAHHaTa Hf Ma uMe.

TJIABA CEAMA

Ilpu6nr.rsrareJrHo Kr,M TegH Herqa HMa orHotrreHr,re HcpegnHara Ha caMoxBaJlcrBoro, Ho r,r rg HrIMa uMe. H:rpraAa e Jrorlo Aa ce pa3rpaHHqaT HerrlaTa H TyK, rroHe)Ke B no-roJrrrMa crefleH 6nxve pas6panu Herrlara, o'rHacrulr{ ce AoxapaKTepa, cJre,t1 Karo cMe o6cr,Annu orleJrHure xapaKTe-pu, u 6uxue noBqpBaru, qe Ao6poAereJrHTe ca cpeAr.rHrire,cJIe[ KaTO pa:6epeu, qe e I'aKa 81,8 BCur{Kr,I Heula. BenreKa3aHO 3a eAHI{Te, KOI{TO B C'bBMOCTH}rfl XHBOT IIOCT'bnBaTcro6pasHo y,[oBoJrcrBuero vt crpaAaHr4ero; a cera IIIe Ka-)KeM 3a OHe3H, KOTTTO rOBOp.flT !ICTHHaTa nJIII JIb)KaT, KaK-To B I{yMHTe H rrocrbnrrTe, TaKa !I B caMoxBaJrcrBoro. 2.Cqnra ce, qe caMoxBaJrKoto cu rrpurrr{cBa cJraBHr,r Herqa }rTaKr4Ba, KOI{TO y HerO rI4 H_flMa, I{JIH fIO-IOJIeMU OT Te3U,Korrro HMa y Hero. 3. foaopeqnflT o6parHoro rrr,K orpr4qaHerrlara, Kolrro nuay ce6e cr4 vJtv tv cMaJrrrBa. 4. A cpegeHe HqKofi, KoiiTo. e orKprrr H lrp,sM r,r B xHBo'ra, H.B peqra cu,rr rIpHgHaBa Herqara, KoHTo H,Ma y ce6e cu, Karo He rurlpaBr,r HHTo no-roJleMr,r, HHTo rro-Marxn, 5. Cnyvna ce Ba,BBCHqKH Te3U CJryqaH [a Ce nOCTT'nBa MOTHBnpaHo r,r HeMO-THBr,rpaHo. Ho rcexu, B SaBlrcr,rMocT oT ToBa KaKbB e,cboTBeTHUTe Heqa roBopH, npaBl{ il no TaKbB .HaqHH)I(IrBee, ocBeH aKo HtMa H.flKaKbB clreqnaJreH Naorus. 6.Carraa no ce6e cH Jrbxara e Jrorla u 4ocroftna 3a yKop , aH c rrr H H or_o e- rr pe K p ac H o r,r Ao c !gIl.H"e-3-a.rr o""xB, .a n a. W,qB a M a -Tr{l rblito roroprr Hericfr,rHa, rpl6oa.qa 6tAar yKopflBaH14,HO rIOBeqe CaMOXBaJTKOTO. IUe KaXeM 3a BCeKr,r OT TflX, HOrrbpBo 3a roBoperq[r HcTuHaTa.7. fonopuvr He 3a To3tr,rofiro roBopH r.rcruHara rrpr.r AoroBoptr rrJrr xoiiro roBopr,rllcTuHHo Herqafa, cBr,p3aHH c Hec[paBe,qJrrrBocr HJrH IIpa-BocbAlre (eaqoro roBa e npucr'rqo Ha Apyra go6pogeren),a 3a TO3I,I, 3a KOTOTO Te3H CJIyqaI,I HTMAT 3HaqeHHe H HMaHCTT,IHHa peq u noBeAeHlie, fIoHe)Ke e TaKbB no cBOltTeHpaBcrBeHH KaqecrBa. 8. !4xtn qose_x 6ta MorbJr 4a 6tgecMflTaH ga go6rp. 3aulo'ro uonbx, roiiro e o6nqalq ncrHHa-Ta H [paBA]rB B HerqaTa, KOHTO He Ca Ba)KHr{ 3a HerO, OqerloBeqe rqe roBopH LtcTuHaTa npH HeIrIaTa, KOHTO rO }rHTe-

100 l0t

pecyBar. Tofi rqe Hi]6qrsa Karo no3opHa JIb)Kara, KotroAOpn caMo 3apa[]r'cr,IllHocrra fi fls6flrga- A rarls qoBeK

3acJry)KaBa ga 6lge xBaJIeH. 9. Iloseqe Ka,M llo-MaJIKOTO OT

TOBa, KOeTo e I{CTHHHO, TOft Ce OTKJIOHTBa; TOBa I',I3rJIeXAaflo-npuruqHo It no-flpaBuJlHo nopaAlt ToBa' rle [peyBerl'{-qaBaHlrflTa ca oMpa3Hu. 10. Koftro 3apa1ll HLIulo cn ilpuflll-cBa rloBeqe oT ToBa, Koero HMa, fIpHJII{qa Ha rorlHq'(ranaue He 6LI ce paABaJI Ha Jlr'xara) , xo ue rle)KAa rloBeqecyereH , orKoJlKoro JroI[. 11. A axo ro [paBLI 3apa'{u Hetqo,TO TO3H, rOfirO rO npaBH Sapa[u cJIaBa IIJTLI fIotrHT' He

TBbp,qe MHoro e AocroeH 3a yKop, KaKTO CaMOXBaJrKoro' a

no-nporHBeH e oH3It, rofiro ro npaBl'l 3apaAl4 n'lpv ufivtApyru HeIJla, cBbp3aHn c rIapHTe. 12. H9 le oT Br,3Mo)Kllo-crra, a or cb3HarerH[fl ]rs6op zanudn qoBeK .4a e caMox-RaJIKO ; 3aUOTO B CT,OTBeTCTBHe C HpaBcTBeHOTO KaqeCTBO

e raKT'B u [oHe)Ke e TaKbB. flo crrulu.a HaquH e 3a H JrbtKeIIa

- eIIHH Ce pa[Ba Ha caMOTO JIbraHe, a Apyr ce cTpeMu Aa

rlocrurHe cJIaBa I{Jtt{ ilerlaJl6a. 13. IzI cr'qo re3u, Kollro cexBarfr 3apaAH cJIaBa, cI4 npufiplcBar re3H Heula' 3apaAl4

KOI,iTO XOpara o6uxuoreso 6usar xBaJIeHH IIJIH npI'I3HaBa-HH 3a TTIaCTJIHBLI. A OUeSU, KOHTO Ce XBaJIT{T 3apa,qu fIeqaJI-6a, cu rrpurlucBar roBa, c Koero HocflT yAoBoJlcrl""_:1IIpll.rITeJrHTg U HeqaTa, 3a KOI4TO ocraBa cKpI',ITO' qe y Tqxrr,r HflMa, KaKTo HarlpHMep, qe e MbAT'p raAaTeJr HJIU JIeKap.flopagn roBa MHogvrra cv IIpHrILIcBar raKHBa Helqa u cexnarnr; 14. cnoueuarure or Hac ca cpe[ r"sx. 15. A onesu,K0I,ITO cH IIp-4nL'rc-BaT MaJIKll v fr'BHld He-III&; -ce HapuqaTJroBKl,t xHTpeIIu u ca HanpaBo 3a ilpe3l'rpaHe. A nossxoranperanauanaHeTo ce pa3KplrBa, KaKTo npu o6nexJloTo HaJIaKg[eMOHIILIT€; H IT3JIHIIIT,KIlT, H TBbp,qe TOJIeMI4'RT HeAO-

crr{r ca caMoxBarcrso. 14. A npectpyBalql{Te ce' KoHTocMaJrflBar Heuara, KoraTo noBopffT, cH rlputraBar BUA Ha

no-Ao6pe Bb3IIHTaHI.t no HpaBI't; Te H3rJIe)KAar' qe roBoptTHe 3apall4 I,I3ro/la, a Hg6srsafiKu npeBbsHac,{HeTo; TaKuBaxopa,qopn Hafi-qecto ce orpfiqar or cJIaBHI'ITe Helqa' KaK-To e HanpaBuJI rI Coxpar. 16. -A-,qH-e,-,3-I!-' "K-o-!-{ra*y-M-.e-p--e-$or.r3rroJr3Bar npecrpyBK4T& u q_e {p-gcrByBar B -HeuIQ" I(Oe,ToHe e rB'bpAe 6nHso I,I tBHor I,IsrJIexA4T Ao6pP B,r,3nI{Ta,HIr.17.Ho I{3rllexga, qe caMoxBaJIKoro e [porlIBoI]oJIo)KeH Ha

lrcl'HHHO rOBOpeIrIHfl, rIoHe)Ke e no-Jlom.

HI,{KOMAXOBA ETI'KA - KHUTA IV E

l:ii::::*:il::::i:i:::l

TJIABA OCMA

Ho nosexe B xr,rBora cbrrlecrByBa H orgtrx, r.r BpeMeroB Hero ce [peKapBa 868 BeCe-JrO HacTpoeHHe, H3nJre)KAa TyKuMa Hf KaKBO npuJrurtHe B o6IIIyBaHeTO

- H KaKBr4 Herqa, r4rto KaKr'B HaqI,rH Tpf6Ba Aa ce Ka3BaT, a CT,TUO EA Cen3cJrymBaT. IzI rqe r,rMa pasJlHKa roBopeHeTo cpeA TaKHBaxopa H cJry[raHeTo Ha TaKUBa XOpa. 2. qcno e, qe B Te3HHerqa cbrrlo HMa I{ r.r3JII4trIt K, H HeAOCTl{r IIO OTHOIUeH]Ie Hacpe[r4HaTa. 3. W,ftfr,Te3u, Kor,rTo HalBr,ruaBaT B cMeurHo-TO, Ce CMqTaT 3a UyTOBe r4 HaTpanqnBn, cTpeMruu ce IIoBC.SKaKI)B HaqUH KbM. CMerlHoTo, H noBeqe cTapaeqn ceAa rrpeAn3tsHKar cM.rrx, oTKoJrKoro Aa roBopqr 6naroeeyu_HU HeIrIa r Aa He nacxr,p6xeaT To3rr, c KoroTo ce _rrrgfyBaT.A oue3u, Konro 6ee 4a iassar Herqo cMerrrHo re caMlrre, ce9Ppusr Ha roBoperlnTe, ce cMflTaT 3a Ar,tBtr r,r cTpofr4.OHesra rrbK, Konro nplrJrr,IqHo g.a6asasBar, ce HapuqarocTpoyMHr,r,'T.e. HaAapeHr,r c noBpaTJrnB Lr rroABuxeH yM.Iulsrlex4a, qe TaKr,IBa ca ABr,rxeHvflTa, Ha xapaKTepa, nKaKTO 3a TeJIaTa Ce CbAH rIO ABInXeHt4flTA lg.M., TaKa e I,r 3axapaKTepr{re. 4.,{oroJrKoro cMerrrHo'ro e pa3rrpocrpaHeHolr MHo3HHcrtsoTo ce pa,qBa or ga6asara H no.qnrpaBKararroBeqe, oTKoJrKoTo r:px,6na, To H rrryroBere ce Hapr{qarocrpoyMHn, KaKTo u 4o6pe Bb3nr,rraHr,rre. A r{e ce pa:ara-qaBaT, I,t ilpll TOBa He MaJIKO, e nCHO OT KaSaHOTO. 5. HaCpelHOT0 At,pXaHHe e npIrCT,IIIa TaKTITTTHOCT, a Ha TaKTn-qHkrs

- Aa toBopr,r lr c,Jryllla TaKlrBa Herrla, KolITo ca rrpHJII{_qHn sa go6pru u cto6ogHux. 3aqoro cbrrlecrByBa? Herrla,KOrTO Ha TaKa,B qOBeK nOgO6ana Aa roBopH H Aa CJryUaKaro pa3BJreqeHr{e, n pa3BJreqeHHero Ha cno6o4Hufl cepagJIlIqaBa or roBa ua po6a, !r cbrrlo Ha Bb3truraHur

- orToBa Ha Heo6pa3oB LHLrfl.6. Bcexn Mo)Ke Ea Bt4a ToBa r{ orcTapHTe KOMeAHlt, lt oT HoBltTe

- B nbpBr.{Te cMerrlHoTo eSJIOCJIOBT.TeTO, a 86B. BTOpHTe

- rroBeqe CHMBOJII,T [CXpU_TuflT cuncrl], a roft neualKo ce pa3Jrl{qaBa oT gJrocJroBu-ero. 7. Cle,qoaareJrHo AaJrlt rpr6na rosr,t, xofiro go6pe ceIrreryBa, Aa,ce onpeAerq rlo ToBa AaJrr{ roBopr,r noAxoArrrlH_Te sa cno6oguur Herrla lrJrn no rona ginn oixr,p6rnacJryuaqr.rfl, vtilr4 rlo roBa AaJrrz oue ro H pa3BeceJr ssai IAnur.r roBa He e onpegeleuo? 3arqoro pa3JrHqHH Herrla 3apa3nuqHr,tre xop.a ca orBpaTHTeJrHn v npnnrrLt g. Tarnna

102 103

Heula n qe ce cJIyIIraT. 3auloro ie cu.flta, qe HeIIIara,KoHTo cJrymarrlnflT floHact, Tflx n rIpaBH. 9. Ho He BctKoHOUIO; 3aIIIOTO HaCMeIIIKaTa e HflKaKBa xyJIa ll CT,cTaBI{Te-Jrr,rTe Ha 3aKoHHTe 3a6paHtlBar HflKOI{ XyJII{, a B TaKbBcly.rafi Bepot{THo H HacMeurrata. 10. CneAosareJlHo }Igo6pe Br,3nI,ITaHuqr la cso6oAHl4tr trle 6'bAe raKbB rloAbpxaHne, rroHexe caM.nflT toft e 3aKoH sa ce6e cu. ATaKbB e cpeAHu.fl" - Hapnqa ce nrw TaKTLIqeH, HJII{ ocTpo-yMeH. A riryrst e rIoAqlIHeH Ha cMe[IHoro, H H]ITo ce6e cH,HuTO,{pyruTe IIIaALI, KoraTo npaBil cMtx, H roBo_pn TaKI',IBa

HeIrIa, Hr{Koe or KoltTo Ao6pe BI,3rIHTaH}IflT He 6n rasal, a

HflKor,r or rrrx He 6n u crryrraJr. A gp,o'g1p_rll g_"!l_e_Log9-,Y-.3a

TaKHBa HeIIIa; 3aIIIOTO C HI'IIIIO He I{Onp}IHaCf KT'M CMexa' A

e u ne4oroJlqH or nCptq(n neura. 11. Ho u3rJlexAa, qb

orlr,rxr,T lr rrrefara ca geo6xoAr,IMr,I B xl'lllora- 12- Cnenosa-TeJrHo, c[oMeHarnre rpl{ [rnga] ca B xLIBora cpeAI'rHHTe'r,r Bcr,rqKH Te uMaT orHoIrIeHLIe KbM HqKaKBU pa3roBopn t'I

rrocrbrrKr,r B o6qyBaHero. A ce pas;nnqaBar no roBa, qe

e,qHaTa e HacorleHa Kl,M Llcrr.rHaTa' a ,qpyture ABe - KbMy,4oBoJrcrBr,rero: [ot reslr lne] eAnara ce orHacrl Ao pa3B-JretreHr,rero, a Apyrara - Ao ocTaHaJIaTa qacT oT )K[IBOT&;

TJIABA AEBETA

A ea cpau-a (ct66g,) Aa ce roBopI'I Karo 3a HflKa-KBa

Ao6p,onerer, He no,qxofga. 3arqqro* -I43rrl9Tla rgBeqe f(a-T-q .-yt-p-gTBo, orKoJI Koro Karo HpaBcrBeHo xaqebtro. Bcenax ro o-up-eAeJltT KaTo HflKaKbB cTpax oT Jlolra cfiLBa- 2-A ce nponBr{Ba noqrn eAHaKBo c'bc crpaxa or yxacHnHerrla. Xopara, KoI{To I{Mar cpaM, ce I43qepBflBar, a oHeSLI'KOI{TO Ce CTpaxyBaT or cMl,prra, n06rgAHflBaT- .flcno e, ueTe3n ABeTe HeUIa nO HflKaKT'B Ha!II'IH Ca CBbp3aHlI C TRJIO-

TO, a ilMeHHo, cMrITa ce, qe roBa e IIoBeqe np]Icblrlo Hacrpacrra, oTKoJIKoro Ha HpaBcrBeHoTo KaqecTBo. 3. flo-HaTaTT,K' He Ha BCtKa Bb3paCT IIOAXO)KAA TaKaBa CTpaCT' aHa.MJraAe)Krara. 3aqoio cvrirarrae, ue tpx6na rou19 .'c,1 HqTaKaBa Bb3pacr Aa" 6hAqT gpaMe)KJI-I.IB42 noHP)Ke )KItBeefiK_HcnopeA cTpacrra, MHoro rpelllarl a cpaMbr rl,I 3aAbp)Ka.vlxBaJrr,rM Te3ll oT MJIaAI{Te, KO}ITO Ca CpaMe)KJtIdBtll, HO HH-xoft ge xBaJrr,r BbSpacrHnq, qe e crecHI4TeJIeH. 3aulorocMrraMe, qe roft xe rpn6na ,qa [paBI,I HlIIqo, or Koero

cTecHI,ITeJIHOCTTa, aKO Ce nopax.qa oT JIoIIIn Helqa, 3aIrIoTOTaKr{Ba Heltra He 6nBa Aa Ce npaBrT. 5. A AaJrr,I Har,rcT v:f.a cacpaMHH, I,IJrn caMo rio unenuero 3a Trx ca TaKlrBa, HrMasHatreHue. l[. epuure, ]r Apyrr{Te He 6usa Aa ce [paBrrr, 3aAa He rpa6na Aa ce crecnxeail,re. 6. M ,ro_*raruroK,'HaJrorxHr e npr4cbrrlo Ia e TaKbB, qe Aa npaBr,r HeXIo OTcpaMHrare He[Ia. A neulara crorr raKa, qe aKo HarrpaBr,rHelIIO CpaMHO r,r Ce cpaMyBa oT Hero, !I sapa[,U TOBa ecMtraH sa go6rp ('emerrri6), ToBa e HeyMecrHo. 3au1o.rocpaMlr e 3apaln .Herqa, Kor.rro- np4Br{M 4O6pOnonno, anoprAtrrHusr snrora He rrpaBr.l Jr9-r[u Herrla 4o6pononno.7. A cpala,sr 6n naoru ycnonno 4a 6rge Herrlo noprglvHo:garrloTo aro Hqrofi HanpaRlt Herqo- cpaMHo: nrg.ce cpaMyBaoiiiieio. IIo"ibsa Hxr,ra [nr.ru1o] oenlo

" aoOloa""J;;;.;axo 6eecpaMr{ero e Jro[ro !r o3HarlaBa ,qa He ce cpaMyBarrrAa npaBlrm noSopHH Herrla, He e HT4KAK no_nopr,qT,qHo AanpaBr,ru raKlrBa Herrla H Aa ce cpaMyBa[r. g. I4 ntegtpxa_Hocrra ue e go6poAereJr, a e Herrlo cMeceHo. Ho ga nes rqeobAe Ka3aHO nO-HaTaTr,X. A Cera HeKa KaXeM 3a CilpaBe_AJIHBOCTTa.

KH'ITA V

IJIABA TIAPBA

Tpn6na [a pa3rJreAaMe cnpaBeIJrr,rBocTTa 14 HecnpaBe-AJluBocrra, a uMeHuo: KbM Kolr fiocrtnKr{ Moler_la -r,rrraatgrr{oueHne, }r KaKBa cpe4rnHa e cnpaBe[Jrlasoclia,-H---HaKbr{ Herrla cupaBeAJrr,rBocrTa e cpeAHoTo. 2. Hamero pasr_Jre)KAaHe qe 6tge ro cbnu.rfl MeToA, KaKro npu no_ropeKagaHure Heqa. 3, W rtfr, Br.t)KAaMe, qe sclrqrtt ca cKJro-H_HV AA HapHqaT c[paBeAJrr.rBocT TaKOBa KaqecTBo, no cnJra-

:: ii :::l: I:p:11 "u cKrr oHH rr ra r{3_BbpurB ar crrpaBeArr n _

Br{ Herrla 14 rropalu Koero nocrtnsai cupanegrrrBo.r{ xeJra_rT cnpaBe[JrnB]r,Herrla; no cbrrlHfl HaqHH e ]r 3a HecilpaBe-AJIT,IBOCTTa, IIOpanr4 KogTO nOCTl,[BaT HeCrIpaBeAnUSO U)KeJrarrr HecrrpaBegJrr,rBH Heua. 3arola r,r Hne rrera Haxpa)-.-TKo flocraBr,rM Te3r,r Herqa Ha nr,pBo Mflcro. 4. He no elran

104105

G=l_ _ Hl/KoMAxoBA ETUKA - KHHTA V --------mffiiIr G?lltll tlltrtHH cTOqT HerrlaTa nplr HayKr4Te n cnoco6HocTlt-'f'e. l! ttplr rillrtccfBaTa. C eAua r,r cr,qa cnoco6Hocr, u eAHatr ehlllH HnyKs ure nognabaMe rrpoTHBorroJroxHaTa c[oco-6r!Ee,f lr lrrpo'runonorroxHara] Hayxa . Ho npancrBeHoroKlr q€f-'rnil ilc Hh yrrn Hr4rqo 3a npoTr,rBonoJro)KHoTo cH;illlllFFMelt ()'r' 3/lpaReTo He npoH3THqar rrporHBonoJro)KHr,rtrllll6. s ('ttMo 3ApaBocJroBHr4; 3anlor.o Ka3BaMe, qe rroxoA-xl?E g llll)nra, Ko,raro Hsxoft Br,pBIz'raKa, KaKTo BtpBr,r3llFlitt iruncK. 5. Msoro rtbrn H.flKoe rrporuBonoJro)KHoxn€ctl,t'tro (rc tr()3HaBa rro nporzBonoroxHoro M!: a qecroKil ?€tl!'Ftt't'll - no roBa, KbM Koero ce orHacfiT; axo go6po-1'() €1e'l'nilrno Ha rtJroro e rBHo, n cna6oro reJrocJro)KeHuec r{f;gtiun, 'r'o raxio go6pdto cr,croflHue Cu nuqn no 4o6-PrtfB yttltnxueHocr, Taxa or nocJreAHara ca flBHn uerqar[,xof,Til rolropl'r ra go6pe ynpa)KHeHo rsJro. flosexe axo;loppttTo c't,o'I'olHue e cTerHarocrra Ha IrJIt,TTa, To 3aHe-rrailp€Hltt"r"r'fl rrrK e orfiycHarocr Ha flJrbrra n roBa, Koeroruo6A gn 11o6po c'trcTolHHg Ha rr{Jroro e:roBa, Koero'rpr6ChItn €E HntrpurJr,r 3a crerHaroc'r Ha nJrbrra. 6. Ho oiTyKcJr€figc, qe uKO e/{HoTo HpaBcrBeHo KaqecTBo e MHoro3Ha-trlr€, Fo I npo.rnrorroJro)KHoro My KaqecrBo e MHoro3Hatr-u(}i ?BltR llflilpHMep aKo cnpaBe,qJrr,rBoTo e MHorosHaqHo, rlHcpiipereltJrnooro e raKoBa. T.I srnex[a, qe no MHoroHa EtHlt nte co Haprlqar cnpaBeAJrr{Bocrra r.r HecnpanelJr}t-so€!,?fl, nJll 'r'oDa ocraBa cKpr,rro nopaAu 6ansocrra Haurv€ffa'ra, n craDa no-rcHo rlpu Helqara, KoHTo ca o"AaJIe-qcFH c,tlttu o'r Apyru. 3aqoro pasrvKara e EoJrffMa.. BbBnr, HItlxnH n14/l - HarrpnMep Koraro xlrcq/ KJrroqrdqa (rteig)cc flffp||1111 C 't'OBa UMe, TO OMOHnMT.{ CA rtvvTe Ha )KHBOT-nulg x 't'(.tnil, c Koero 3aKJrroqBaMe Bparure. 8. Herapa:ificpr,u uo KoJtKo HaqHHa ce Hapnqa HecnpaBelJrHBHrr.Brrpn,rsl,r HsrJrexAa, qe HecnpaBeAJrHB ('dSrro6) e r rosH,xoflTrl ltl)nlnt Heno3BoreHr,r or 3aKoHa Herqa, u xofiro eHsr*EMltJt l,t Hc co clo6pasrna c Apyrr4Te, g HecnpaBegnlln-(tiftoot), 'raKa {e flcHo e, qe cnpaBeAJruB rrbK qe 6rgero:lllr Lol.l'r'o crra3Ba saKoHHTe u paneHcrBoro. CneAosa-TerlHn, cup{neIIJrunoro (t6,8{rclrov) e ToBa, Koero 9__s_?_:xoEllo H enpaBe.q.4raao ({66y), a Henparo-c'bAHe 7 oH_o_Bit,

Kod1'o c ltpo,r'Hno3aKoHHo r,r HecnpaBeAJrr{Bo (dvroov).

9. Orxrgero cJIeABa, qe HecrlpaBe4ruBvtflT e aJIqeH noornollreHue na 6narara, Ho He Ha BcHqKtl' a caMo IrIo ceorsacf lo utaCruero H HelrlacrHero , Koltro 6es Aa cacborHeceHl,t KbM [pyro, BHHaru ca 6lara, a ro orHoI[eHHeHa elI,IH HJIII Apyr qoBeK

- He BI,IHarn. Tnx xopara )KeraflTIt npecJreuBar; He e 3aAbJIxn'I'eJIHO, HO e XeJIaTeJIHO' ,qa

xeJIaflT or eAHa crpaHa Herllara, KolITo ca a6colrcrnlt6rara lI 3a rffx ca 6lara, a or Apyra crpaHa -

ga uz6uparTe3u, Kol,rro ca 6lara 3a rflx caMI{Te- 10. A secnpaBeAJIH-Br,r.ar He BHHanu ue6upa [o-roJltMoro' a npueMa ll no-MaJT.KOTO, KOTaTO Ce Kacae Ao Hetl{a' KOIITO CA 3ill{Hl{a6conrorso; uo ttfi Karo H3rJIex,4a' qe u [o-MaJIKoro 3JIo

e HffKaKBo 6raro, LI qe Kopucronxr6uero e cBbp3aHo c6raroto, 3aroBa nsrnexga, ve [uecnpaBe'[JI]IBI'Itrl e xo-pucrolro6ur. 11. Ho cr,llro lr He ce clo6pasnna c ApyrI{Te( 'dwooE ); sauloro rona o6xsarta u ropHoro' t4 e o6qo.12. Tu<i qe ro3LI, roftto uapyruana 3aKoHHTe' qe 6lgeHapeqeH or Hac HerIpaBocbIIeH, a rofiro rll cna3Ba -rlpaBocb[eH; flcHo e, qe BcuqKLI 3aKOHHI'I Helqa ca iloHflKaKLB HAqI'IH CnpaBeAJlI{BI{, 3aIIIOTO O[pe'4eJreHUTe OT

3aKOHOAaTeJICKOTO I,I3KyCTBO HeIrIa Ca SaKoHHI',I Id Ka3BaMe'qe or rtx BcflKo orAeJIHo e cilpaBeAJllrno- 13. A saroHl'IreroBoprrr 3a BCI,IqKI' HeIIIa 3aelHo' uvrafirn

-[peABI',IA I',IJII'r

o6rqo rroJte3Horo 3a BcpItIKI'lr HJIu 3a naft-go6prare' LIJII'I 3a

I'IMAIqI,ITE BJIACT - CNOPCA H'KOfl AO6POACTEJI HJIN NO

HrKaKr'B Apyr HaqHH; TaKa qe no eAHH HAqI{H HApl',{qaMe

crrpaBeAJII,IBl{ Helqara, KouTo MoraT Aa cbSAaAar I'I OnaS-

BaT rrlacTHeTo H cbcTaBslllt'lre ro qacrl'I B rpa)KlaHcKarao 6 u u o cr. I 4. W s arcoHr' T rI pe,qrr u cB a K a KTo t't3 B t' p lrr B a H eroHa AeJIa, IIpI,ICt,II|u 3a CMeJII'Ifl' HanpHMep IIa He I'I3OCTaBfl

BoeHHI,tg crpofi, Aa ne 6sra, Hllro Aa 3axBT,pJIt opbxl'IflTa'TaKa H HeIIIaTa, KOHTO Ca npllcr,Irlu ua 6laropaSyMHl',Iq'KaKTo HanpnMep Ia He npenrc6ogeficlna, Aa Ie xl'rBeeHeBb3[1'pXaHo, H 3a KpoTKHn HanpldMep ,qa He 6ue, ga neSJIOCJIOBT,I, H no cr,Illnfl HaqI,IH ClO6pae no ocTaHaJIlrTe [o-6pogerenn u nopoqu' Karo e,4Hu HeIrIa I43I4cKBa' a Apyrltsa6panxna, H e rIpaBI,IJIHo' aKo SaKoHT,T e cbcraBeH npa-BHJTHO, a e no-JIoI[o, aKo 3aKoHl,T e HarrpaBeH ne6pexHo.15. C.neuosareJrHo, Tasu cnpaBeAJIl{Bocr e cbBbprreuarago6pogereJl, Ho He B3era a6conroruo' ;1"snpsMo-14i-r{o. }I3apaAH ToBa qecro cnpaBeAJII'IBocrra I'I3rJIexla' qe e HaH-

APl,,lCTOTEA

106 107

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETI,4KA - KHI,|FA V

go6pa ot go6poAereJrHTe, 14 Hr,rro Beqepra, HHTo 3opara caTaKa Aocroituu za.yiluBJreHne [raro uexf; u nopn a noro-BopKa Ka3BaMe: ,rB cupanegJluBocrra ce cr,IT,p)Kar Bcl,rq-Kr4,Apyrl4 4o6pogetenu". VI-rtarX-neqe r.a e ir,nrprreHago6po[ereJr, flopa4u roBa, qe u3[oJr3BaHero ft e cr,nlpure.na go6pogerel.'A e cbBbprrreHa [opa.{r{ ToBa, qe ro3}r,xoiiro rr rlMa, Moxe ;1a HsnoJr3yna go6pogereJrra r.r sa Apyr,a He caMO sa ce6e cu; 3arrloro MHo3r.rHa Morar 3a cBor,rreHerqa Aa ri3rroJr3Bar go6pogererra, a B Herrrara, HacoqeHlrK1,M Apyru, He MoraT. 16. IzI garosa ce cMrTa 3a rrpaBrJrHoKa3aHoro or 6nant: ,,B.nactta ule rIoKa)Ke MT,xa", 3auo-TO KaTO ynpaBJrrBarrl ce noKa3Ba B oTHorrIeHHeTO Cr4 KbMApyrnre N n o6rqnocrra.77. A nopagr.r cbrqoro roBa rr3rJre-)K,qa, qe eAHHcrBeHo crrpaBeAJrHBocTTa o'r go6pogeTeJruree n rry)KIIo 6laro, uoHe_xe e HacoqeHa KbM Apyf qoBeK.3aqoro np[Hacr rroJr3a Ha ,qpyr, a He Ha cartaHn-ynpa4rfl-Barrl HHto caMo Ha eAr{H B o6rqnocrra. 18. CneaoBaTeJrHo,nafi-roru e ro3lr, xofiro lr3rroJr3yBa nopoqHocrra nporrrBce6e cn u [porr,rB rrpnrreJruTe cv, L naii-4o6tp e-oH3r4,rcoriro He sa ce6e cil rr3rroJrgyna no6pogereJrra,-a B nor3aHa,upyrr,rre; sarrloro roBa e rpyIIHo AeJro. 19. CnelosareJr-Ho Ta3u c[paBeIrHBocT He e qacr o'r go6pogereJrra, a erIflJrara go6pogereJr, a [porr,rBorroJroxHara

- HecnpaBeA-JrrrBocTTa

- He.e_qagT oT [opoqHocTTa, a e rIgJIaTa nopo-rrHocr. 20. A rro KaKBo ce pa3fllrqaaar go6po4erelra uTa3U CnpaBeAJrr{BocT, e flcHo oT Ka3aHfiTe HeUa; OT eI{HacTpaHa rx [go6pogerenra] e rbxAecrBena Ha He.lt, a orApyra CTpaHa nO CBOfTa CT'IIHOCT

- He e, a AOKOJIKOTO eHacoqeHa KbM Apyr Iuoner], e crrpaBenJrr,rBocr, r4 ,uoKoJrKo-To e onpegeJreHo KaqecrBo, 83ero a6colx:rno, e lo6poge-TEJI.

IJIABA BTOPA

Ho Hne pa3rJre)KAaMe cnpaBeAJrxBocrra Karo qacr Ha4o6pogere Jl ra; 3 auloro r,t_Ma Hfl K aK B a I cn e uu Qu u n a 4o6po-gere.nl, KaKTo Ka3axMe. Ct rqoro ce oTHacr Ir 3a HecrrpaBe-lJrHBocrra, Korro ce Hape)KAa cpeA qacrlrre IHa noporrHo-crra]. 2.Itlv.a gorasar"encrno, ve roBa e raxal rosu, rofiroqe ilcrryn a crr ope4 Apyrr,rre n oporl 14, rrocrr, rrB a H ec rrpaBeA-JTHBO, HO He rJlela cBorTa I,r3roAa, HanpuMep HXXOft, XOftrO

APt,,ICTOTEA

e xBbpJrr,rJl ITIHTa nopalu CTpaXJII,IBOCT I,'ItVt e roBopHJI rloJIOrrr HaqItH nopaAlt Heo6y3AaHOCT, I'|JIH KOfiTO He e IIoMo-rHaJr c napu ubpa/ru qKt,ngpHur{ecrBo; o6aqe Koraro ceo6orarqBa, qecro roBa He e cr,o6pasHo c surofi or re3plnopoul4. VIsce rIaK He 3apa[H BcI'IqKlrre' a 3apa'qu HflKaKB-a

IIOAJIOCT I,I 3apaAu HeCIIpaBe,qJIuBOCT rO yrlpeKBarrae' 3'Cne4onareJlHo I4Ma HffKaKBa Apyra HecnpaBeAJILrBocr' Ka-

TO qe JII,I qacT oT II.flJIaTa, n HeIrIo HecnpaBe,qJIHBO KaTOqacr Ha HecrlpaBeulnBoro' Koero e nporl'IB saroHa' 4' I4oqe, aKo eAI,rH 3apagn npugo6nBKa. I'IsBa,plryr npe"qp6gue;fl:'l.lae U 3A Aa My ce fIJIaTU, a APYr, noryqaBallKH H /IABaIIKLtHeu1o cBoe 3apaAI,I BJleqeHneror To 1'o3I'I BTopulr 6l'I H3r-JIexAaJI' qe e IO-CKOpO Hp,q.-T'--344,,-P-Xa-H' OTKOJIKOTO a-JIYe4-2 a

oH3r.r , nbpBuqr, * HecrIpaBe[JII4B' Ho He HeB63Ab-pKaH'Tr'fi raro

-e rcno, qe e SapaAI'I r'{Srollara. 5- 14 oure, BclIqK}t

',[pyru HecnpaBeAJIHBocrlI BHHarll Morar Aa 6lAar npt'I.Te-

leHI,l Kl'M HflKaKBa UenpucrofiHocT, KaKTO HarlpI'IMep aKo

ssxoile'Ipe.JlbcTu,[ :- KbM HeBbsItpxaq-gcrra' aKo eH3OCTaBI,IJI TO3I4, KOftTO CToI',i Ao Hero --:- KbM.CTOaXJII{BOCT-

Ta, aKo. eJA4PIl{l-:-l!61ul II9-Bp' aKo rIbK e I'I3BJIflK1'JI I43roAa

- K1,M Hr.lXarls Apyr nOpOK' OCBeH K'LM H9C[paB9AJII{BO-crra. 6. Taxa qe flcHo e, qe tr3BbH llflJlara' I'IMa H{"KaKBa

Apyra HecrIpaBeAJIr{Bocr, Kosro e cbc c:blllorQ uMe' [oHe-)Ke no o[peAeJIeHVe ca oT eA]IH 7 a[rl\]l BHA; 3aIIloTo I',l

ABeTe IrMaT ClIJra B TOBa' KOOTO e HaCOqeHO Kt'M Apyr'o6aqe egHara e HacoqeHa KtM rIoqlITTa I'IJII'I I'rMyIrIecrPo-TO' I{JII{ CnACeHUeTOrVlJtVl KT'M TOBa' 3a KO0TO aKO InMaXMe

eAHO I,IMe, 6uxvre o6xsalrarl BcHqKI'l r'.x vl roBa' KOeTO

HOCI4 yAOBOJICTBHeTO or H3rolara- A [pyrara e Haco-q-cHa

KtM BcHrtKH Heula, K'I,M KoHTo u go6ponopnLt'lrufl,r- 7 - VI

Tara, ue nMa MHOXeCTBO CIpaBe,4JII{BOCTI{ I',Me BctKa e H

HrKaKBa Apyra I,I3BbH llflJlocrHara Ao-6p-olere-Jr, e tcHo; aKaKBa Id Kofl e , ocraBa Aa pa36epeM. 8- tr{ :rbfi, onpegenn-xMe HecnpaBelJlIrBoro I, Karo npoTHIlo3aKoHHoror I'I KaroHepaBHoTo, a oT Apyra cTpaHa crIpaBeIJII'IBoTo -

KaTo

3aKoHHoro H pasHorb. fto-iope crloMeHarard Hecnpaneg-Jr r,r Bocr'e cro6pds nA"ira nporunos aKoH Horo. 9. Har'rcrnn a,

noHexe HecrlpaBeAJlltBoro l{ [poTI'IBO3aK-qHHoTo He caeAHO lt cT'IIIo, a eAHOTO e KaTO rlacT rlo oTHoglgl{ue H9'

rlrJr oro, (: arqoro Bcfl Ko Hec npaBeAJr I4B o e IIpoJH qo19 aK_o H-

HO,' a BCTKO nporItBo3aKoHHO e HecrIpaBeAJIHBo) To I{

t08 t09

EffffiI HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA. KHUTA V E-..Effi;I

HeclpaBeAJrnBoTo l.r HecnpaBeAJrr,rBocTT4_ H-9 ca eA.rrlr lrcbIIIU, a Ca paSJII{rtHH OT OHe3U, eAHI{Te KATO qaCT, aApyrr4Te - Kalo rlflJro; AeficrsH'reJrHo ra3Ir HecnpaBeAJr14-BOCT e qaCT OT rlflJraTa HeCnpaBeIIJrrrBOcT, C:bIrIo KaKTo I,I

crlpaBe[Jrr{BocTTa e rracT oT uflJraTa crrpaBe.qJrr4socT. Taraue rpr6na Aa ce Kaxe H 3a c[paBeAJII,IBocrra, KoflTo eqacTHa Ia 3a Hec[paBeAJII{BocTTa, KofTo e qacTHa, I{ noC\rll\LlA HaqI{H H 3a OHOBa, KOOTO e TaKOBa

- CnpaBeAJI}IBO

n HecnpaBe,4Jrr4Bo. lo-vIrt'it, HeKa ocraBuvr 6es BHLTMaHHeCnpaBelJrI4BOCTTa I{ CT'OTBeTHaTa HeC-[paBeAJIIIBOCT, Ha-pexAarqn ce Ao rlrJrocrHara go6poqereJl

- nrpnata 6u-AefiKH r,rsrroJrspaHe Ha rlt4o-crHara go6pogereJl 3a .qpyfr.anropata- ia nopoqsocrra. 14 cnparegJlnBoro, H Hecflpa-B9AJIUBOTO, KOHTO Ca B CT,OTBeTCTBIe C TflX, e fiCHO KaKrpn6na ga 6r4ar ofipe.qerflHu; flo-roJrflMara.qagr ol.3a-Ko}{-gr,rre Herrla cg .gr,-prrar or qrJlocrnara Ao6po,4eren,3arrloTo 3aKoHT,T rrpe,4nr{cBa Aa ce )Kr{Bee cro6pasno BctKa4o6poge:ren, a cro6pa3Ho BcrtKa or[eJlHa rIoAJIocr - ea6-paHrBa. 1" 1". A ueulara, Kol,rro rpx6na Aa ce npaBtr, rlpucr,-rrlr,I Ha rlqrocrHara go6pogerer, ca re3lI nMeHHo, Kor,lTo ca6nnr onpe4eJreHr,r or 3aKoHa 3a Bb3nuraBaHe B o6rqectne-noro 6raro. A ga Bb3nI,ITaHnero Ha BceKrt noor[eJlHo, orKoero Mb)Kr,T e s o6u cMrrcr,Jl go6poAereJreH, AaJrn ceoTHacfl ,{o rroJrLrTHKaTa vilv HflKOfl Apyra HayKa, rIo-HaTa-:rr,x rpn6ra Aa ce onpe Eerv;3arrloro Mo)Ke .6n ne e eAHo I.r

c:bqro elr{H Mb-)K Aa e BbB BctKo orHoIIreHIde go6pogerenenH ua-b go6r,p rpaxgaHnH. 72. A or cnpaBe,qJllaBocrra,KOETO e. saCTeH.CJIyqAW H CbOTBeTHOTO Ha Hefl CnpaBeAJIIt-BO, e'AHH BUA e ro3r{, KOftTo Ce OTHaCT AO pa3rrpeAeJrfHeroHa noqecT, vrJtvt HMyIrIecTBo, vryv Bcrrr{KI,I '4pyrn TaKHBaHeqa, Kor.rTQ MoraT Aa 6rAar rroAeJreHr.r MexAy )KuBeelqu-Te B [r,px.aeara. (B rrx 3a eAr4H B cpaBHeHHe c ,4pyr MoxeAa r{Ma HepaBHo u pauno). A gpyrnrr BHA e Kopr{rupaulororrpaBo Jrpr4. qgeJrKr,r. 13. Tosu Br,rA r,rMa ABe qacru : orcAeJ_rf_r,rte elur.ca-up6peBoJrHLr, a Apyru He ca. ,{o6poqqn-1Hr{ ca raKuBa Karo Hanpr{Mep npogax6a, rroKynKa, AaBaHeHa rrap}I. rroA Jr?rxBa, 3aJlor, 3aeM, SaJIaraHe, oTAaBaHg I,I

sseMdAe noA HaeM. .{o6pqnorHlr ce Hapnqar, noHe)KeHaqaJIoTo Ha TaKI{Ba CIeJIKI,I 3aBI4CIn OT HaIrreTO )KeJIaH}re.A or ne4o6pono.nnure e,{HLr ca raftHu, KaKTo HanpnMepxpax6a, r,rgMaMa, rrpnrorBflHero Ha orpoBI,I, cBoAHHqecr-

Bo: {paAeHe na po6N, y6raftqrno c n3MaMa, JIr,xecBI,IAereJI-crBo; a [pyrr4 ca cBbp3aHt4 c rJacvilve, HanpHMep MaJrrpe-TlrpaHe, rrreHqBaHe, y6uftcrno, rpa6e:x, ocaKarflBaHe, 3JIo-cJroBue, oxyJlBaHe.

IJIABA TPETA

CneA xato LI HecnpaBeAJILrBtIflT e HepaBeH, H HecnpaBe-AJIUBOTO e HepaBHO, TO

'CHO e, qe LIMa I,I HStIlO Cpe[,Ho

Me)KAy xpafixure. 2. A ro e paBHonpaBHoro. 3arqoto nuBcr{Ka rlocrbnKa, B Koqro IdMa ,rnoBeqe" y ,rno-MarKott,nua 14 paBHo. 3. Cne[osareJlHo, aKo HenpaBoct'[Horo eHecilpaBeAJrHBo, To rrpaBocbAHoro e cnpaBeAJrr'lso. Ha ncu-rrKtr raKa u3rJre)K,4a, ,qopn n 6es pasclx,[eHxe. Ho noge:recnpaBe,qJrHBoTo paBeHcTBo e cpeAllHa, To I4 npaBocb[HoTo6u 6uro HeIIlo cpelHo. 4. A panencrBoro ce pa3KpI,tBa nafiiMaJrKo MexAy gne [xpaftnoctn]. flo-uarartr, no _ueo6xo-lAr,rMocr, cnpanegruBoro e cpeAHo l{ paBeHcroo [cnpar.aoneqo] r{ sa H.flKo}I, a Karo'cpeA}IHa rIp}tHa[JIe)Ktt Ha HtKoJI-Ko Herqa, (a rarnna ca ilo-roJlflMoro rr no-ualxoto),,nKaTO paBeHCTBo [pUHaAJIexu Ha ABaMa, a Karo cnpaBeA-Jrr{Bo e 3a onpeAeJIeHH xopa. 5. CJreAosareJIHo, ueo6xoll,t-Mo e cnpaBegrl,tBoro ,l1a 6r[e Haft-vranro B qerupl4.Herqa;3aIlOTO H- Te3I/t, 3A KOHTO HaCTT,nBa, Ca ,qBaMa' H HeIIIaTa'crrpffMo KorlTo e, ca ABe. 6. lI eAno H cbIIIo e paBeHcrBoroI,I 3aXOpaTa,

'I 3a HerIIaTa * KaKBOTo e rIpH HeqaTa, TaKoBa

e n npu xopara. 3auloro aKo xopara He ca paBHltr E{M-a [aurraar [pauxl,I HeIrIa], a orryK - 6nrrn n o6nl*resvflB c'LAa,Koraro r,rJrr,r paBHlr xopa HepaBHH HeIrIa, ranra o6palHO -HepaBHri xopa paBHH Herrla I,IMar lr noryqaBar raro l1sl. 7.VI

-oule, rosa

-e rcHo or noHtrl,Iero ,,rlo AocrofiHcrno";

3alrloTo Bcr{qKr{ Ka3BaT, qe cnpaBeAJItlBocTTa npn pa3rlpe-[eflflHero rpx6na ga 6r'ge cnopeg H.sKaKBI,I 34qJlyru; Bnpo-qeM He BCHqKH HapUqaT 3aCJIyra OAHO I4 QT,,tqO .H9.IUO -,qeMoKparrnre Ka3Bar, qe e cso6olara, npl,lBtp)KqHuIlIlTeHa oJrr.rrapxuflTa. 6orarc:rsoro, Apyrn - S4aropogHlltrnpou3xoA, a ap r{cToKportr Te - Ao-6p9A.9Tqlra. 8. Cl eAon a-TeJTHO npqqqro nMa Herlo, Koero My ct,oTBercrna. 3au.1oroBJil,rsaUIOTO B npoilOpqnfl He e caMo 3a caMHTe qItcJIa KaToeAr4Hr.rq[, a nso6rqo sa 6por. 3auo'ro cr,orHell]eHl4ero eu3paBHqBaHeTO Ha OTHOIIIeHI,tflTA vI ce Cb[t,pxa Haft-pral-

APt,ICTOTEA

ll0 ill

Ko B rreTr4pu Herqa.9. Bnpouevr, qe e pa3AeJreHo Ha qerupr{,e scHo. H'o e U nenpeir,cHaro, IIoHexe r{3noJr3Ba e[r,rH]rrla-Ta Karo Asofira I,r fl troBTapr [,Ba "rrbrvt, nanpnuep: .AcnpffMo E, rax'ro E cnpavro B. CrorHorrreHuero sa E ceKa3Ba ABa nr,Tlr, TaKa rle aKo cborHolrleHl,Iero ga E cenocraBu,qBa nbru, cborHacrlHure Heilla ule 6t[ar qerr.rpu.10. Taxa H rrpaBoro ilpeAnoJrara Hafi-uanKo qernpr,r lrnponOpql{flTa e CT,IIIaTa' 3aIIIOTO Te Ce pa3AeJrtT TaKa'KaKTo H oHe3r,r - Ha Jruqa r,r Berrlil. 11. CnegosareJrHo, TaKaKaKTo A ce oruacfl KtM B, taxa u B rru f, u caegoBareJl-Ho B [porl,rBorroJro)KeH peg KaKTo A xru B, taxa E xrur f.CreAosareJrHo, TaKa r{ qrroro

- Kl,M rl.flJroro; KoeroHMeHHo pa3npeAeJrrHe cBbp3Ba no ABofiKu. W axo rro roslrHaqHH 6rgar [ocraBeHn gaeAHo, npaBocbAHo ca cBbpsaHurro gnofiru. 12. CteaoBareJrHo cBbpsBaHero no ABofiKr,r HaA c B ra na E c f e cupaBe,qJrr,tBecr B pa3rrpe4eJrrHero,,acnpaBe/lJr14BoTo e cpeAHHaTa Ha cboTHorrreHueTo; floHexe[po[opquoHaJrHocTTa e cpeAuHa, a c[paBeAJrr,rBoTo e npo-fioprlrloHaJrnocr. 13. MareprarnrlnTe Hapuqar raKoBa cbo-TBeTCTBUe reOMeTpLrqHO; 3arqOTO B feOMeTp'dflTA CTaBaTaKa, qe rr rlfJroTo cnpfMo qflJroTo ce oTHacfl TaKa, KaKToBCeKn qJreH Ha nponopqlrrTa - KbM cboTBeTcTBa[Ir.u{rrJreH. 14. Ho roBa cborBercrBr,re Iuponopqna] He e Herrpe-KbcHaTo,3arlloTo HflMa qr{cJroBo eAuH TepMHH 3a qoBeKa r,I

sa o6exra. CneAonareJrHo crrpaBegJrHBoro e caMoro cbor-tsercrBue, a HecflpaBe4nnnoio - He[Io B nporr,rBopeqnecr,c crorsercTBuero. W raxa, [sa HecnpaBe,Urr4Boro] nvaeAHo, Koero 9 rto-neqe-r]t &pyro* KgeTo I rrolMeJrKo. Koero

1

HMeHHo ce cryqBa u s leftcrsrlTeJrHocrra. 3arqoro ro3n, I

KOHTO rIOCTbnBa HeCrrpaBeAJrHBO, tIMa IIOBeq.gr.a Kl)M KO- i

roro e nocrbrreHo Hec[paBeAJIHBo, HMa rro-Manxo o:r 6na-roro. 15. l-[o o'rsoureHr,re Ha 3Jroro e o6paruoro. 3auqoroilo-MaJrKoTo 3JIO B CpaBHeHHe C IIO-rOJrf MOTO SrO Ce O[pe-leJr.fl Karo 6naro. 16. 3aqoro no-MarKoro 3Jro e ilo-Aoc-'lofiHo sa ue6upaxe or no-roJrsMolo H ToBa, Koero rpr6aa/ta ce ur6upa, e 6laro, a ro, KoJrKoro e [o-)KeJraHo 3avrs6r.rpaHe, ToJrKoBa fro-toJrflMo 6laro e. l7.ItI rtia, eguuvt-rT Brr[ cnpaBeAJrr{BocT e 'fo3n.

API,{CTOTEA

TJIABA qETBbPTA

A ocraralqoro elHO e Kopnrl4pallloro [npano], Koero.ce ocr,uecrBqBa B c.qeJIKlITe * l'I n go6pouoJIHI4Te' n B

nego6ponoJlHl,rre. 2. Tosa [paBo e pa3JIItqHo no BIt[ orflpelurrrHoro. flone;re npuJlaraHoro B pa3AeJrqHero IIpa-BO, KOerO e IIpHC1,UIO Ha O6rqecrBeHure Heqa, BHHanH eCbTJIaCHO CT,OTBeTCTBI'IOTO' 3a KOeTo TOBOpIaX; 3allOTO aKO

ce r43BbpmH pa3AeJrtHe na o6uecrBeHo HMyqecrBo, IIIe6rge crrracHo cr,uloro cr,orHotxeHne' no Koero ce orHa-crrT elHa cnpflMo Apyra [JIaTeHnTe BHocKlr, It HecnpaBetr-Jrr,rBoTo e nporHBonoJIo)KHoTo Ha ToBa cnpaBeAJInBo B

flporr4Bopeqtae cbc c6orBetcrB14ero. 3. flp4rocr,[IocrraB ,qoroBopHTe e, oT eAHa cTpaHa, Heulo paBHo, a HeIIpaBo-CI'AHOCTTa - HepaBHo, Ho He cloGpaeno c oHoBa [reovre-Tpr{qHorol clotsetctBI,Ie, a cllope[ apurMerl4qnolo.,3a-rrloro H.flMa pasJlHKa AaJIH go6pnrr rpaxAaHI'lH-e orpa6nnJIor[ nJIr{ Jro[rl,rrr -

go6r'p, Hl,lro IaJIH Ao6putr HrHJIOIIII4'T e In3BbpIrrnJI L3MaMa, a caMo rlo oTHoIIIeHne HaBpeAaTa 3aKOHl,T Ttpcl4 pagJlI'IKaTa n Ce OTHacfl KbM xOpA-TA Karo paBHIr - AaJln eAHH e rlocTbnnJl.HecnpaBeAJIl4Bo'a c Apyf e rlocTbneHo HecnpaBeAJlllBo' v Aalrrt eAI{H eHaBpe4r,rJr, a trpyr e nperbpnflJl BpeAa. 4. Taxa rle Hecnpa-BelJrIrBo e roBa HepaBHo, Koero cbAlrflTa ce crapae Aanspannu. 3arqoro Koraro e4vnilnr e yAapeH, ApyrlrflT ey,4apuJl, HJII,I rIbK aKo eAL{HI,ttr y6ne, rpyruffT IrIe yMpe' TocTpalaHr,reTo I{ nocTbrlKaTa ce pa3[eJlfr Karo HepaBHI'ITIACTN; A CailVIfrTL CC OTIHTBA IIA I,T3PARHI.T BPEAATA' OTHE'uaftxn rroJlsara. 5. 3auoro ce HapHrla - Koraro ce loBoplrxafi-o6rqo 3a re3I,I HeIrIa, MaKap I'I 3a HflKolt roBa HMe [aIr3rJrexAa Hello[xoAttllo - fIoJI3a' KaKTO HarlpnMep 3aTO3r,r, XOfiro e yAapuJI, u BpeAa 3a.oH3rr, KO-ftTO e noneclnyAapa. 6. Ho Koraro TloHacqHero e I'{3MepeHo, ce HapHqaelHoro BpeAa, a ApyroTo rIoJI3a. Tara 're npI'I HeIrIaTa'KOI,ITO Ca noBeqe I{JIH rIo-MaJIKo ToBa, KoeTo e cpeAHo' e '

paBHo, a noJI3aTa I,I BpeAaTa ca elHoTo - ToBa KoeTo e Bnoreue, a Apyroro - o6pa:rno - rloBeqero o'r 6laroro znO-MaJIKOTO OT SJIOTO e nOJISara' a BpelaTa - o6patHo.T.nxnara cpeAHHa e paBHoro, 3a Koero Ka3BaMe' qe ecnpaBeAJrnnoro. cle4oBaTeJIHo [paBoTo, KoeTo Moxe Aa6rAe nrscraHoBeHo, 6u 6wto cperHoro Mex,qy BpeAara I'I

tt2 il3

uOrTBaTa. 7. 3arona r.{ KoraTo He ca Ha eI{HaKBo MHeHue,Ixopa'ra] npu6xrnar Ao c'r,Ar,rflTa; 3aruoTo r,a oTnAcru trpr,rc'bavnTa e Aa ce oTnpaB14III K'lrM IIIIaBo'ro. 3an{oro cT,Ar{rrTaxe.Dae Aa 6r'[e ynogo6eH Ha oAyureBeHo rrpaB,o; t4 T'*pcttlcpeIIeH c'LEvItl, a HrrKolr HapuqaT cT,Ar{uTe nocpe,4Hr.rq'I,noHexe cnope[ Tflx, aKo HaMepflT rrocpe,4HuK, rqe rroJryqaTllp&BocbllHa cnpaBeAruBocr. 8. CneAosareJiHo npaBoca,-,qrdeTo e lteuo cpeAHo, aKo c'bqttflra e nocpeAruHr. A cr'Au-flTa lr3paBHfiBa r,r ToBa, KaK'IO KOfaTO eAHa JTHHHfl e pa3Ae-JIeHa Ha nepaBHI{ qacT}t , c KoJIKoTo Iro-foJI-rIMaTa r{acT eilO-rOJlflMa OT IIOJIOBHHaTa, C TOJIKOBa IIO-IvIaJIKaTa e OTAa-JrelreHa or Herr u it ce npn6anN. Ho roraro rlrJroro cepa3[eJIIr Ha /lBe, TOraBa KasBa't" qe nMar ctsoHTe Herrla -Kora.To noJryrrar paBHu qacru. 9. PasHoro e cpeAHoroMeXAy .IIO=TOJIflMOTO li nO-MaJIKOTO Ct IJIaCHO apnTMeTH-qHoTo cl,oTBeTcTnue. lIopaAH ToBa ce u Hapuqa ,,ALrKa-fion" (6(ratov - cnpare4.truno, npano), rroHexe e ,,gnofi-r{o" (Difc), KaKTo Koraro. usroft Kaxe ,,gvxai4or"1 0ipctov

- pa34eJreHo Ha gse), n ,,Anxacrec(' (6t1oorig

- xofiro AeJrr{ Ha gne) erurecro ,,Ar{Kacrec" (DtrootffE -ctgun).10. Kglaro or ABe paBHH Heula or eAHoro orAeJrflTn rpn6anlr xr,rnl 4pyrbro, r'o HoBoro rrle HaABH[raBa,qBe'rec roJrKOBa, a aKo Herrlo 6rAe orAeneHo or eAHo, Ho ue 6rgenpu6areno KbM Apyroro, To eAHoro rqe HagBr.ruaBa caMoc Ta3I/t Vac'r. clegoBaTeJrHo eAHoTo c Ta3n rracT HaAButIIa-Ba cpeAIIHaTa, a cpeAHoTo c Ta3!r qacT HaABHIITaBa ToBa, oTKoero rr e orAeJrena. 11. Wm,i,t, IIo roBa rrosHaBaMe KaKBorpx6va Aa ce orHeMe or rogu, xoi.iro uMa rroBeqe, I,r KaKBoAa ce AaAe Ha oHgI{, xoftro nMa rlo-Ma n<o. W roBa, c KoeroeAHoTo HaABurrraBa cpegHoro, ro rpr6na ga ce npra6aBH Halo-MaJIKOTO, a TOJIKOBa, C KOJIKOTO e Ha,qBr{[IaBaHO CPeI-Horo, rpx6na ga 6r4e oTHero or rro-roJrsMoTo. 72. I/IuaTpvr nlttrl,z.la, AA, EE, BB, paBHr{ eAHa Ha Apyra. Or AA ure6rAe ngnaleHa A,{ n rue 6r4e npu6arena rrrra BB }r roBarqe 6r,qe qacrra Bf, rara qe rrflJara fBB Hausnurana,[Ac Bf u c BE, cJre,qoBareJrHo Ha,4Burrrasa u BE c BA ( rorarqe 6r'ge TaKa rd B A,pyrr4Te HayKr4 - re 6uxa H3rregHaJrri,aKo npaBeuoTo He HarrpaBr4 npeAMeTa rro KalrecTBo r.r

KOJIHqeCTBO, a rrOHaCr{trIOTO He IIOJIyqU ,,TOBa KOJInqecT-Bott u ,rToBa ravecrno*) . 13. Wv.ellara ,,BpeAa" vr ,rflor3a"

APUCTOTEA

ca npou3Jrg3JlI,t or Ao6poBoJIHara TbproBt'Ifl; 3alrloro AaHMarrr rroBeqe or co6crBgHOTO Cl',l, Ce HapHqa ,[a I'I3BreqemrroJl3a, a [a I{MaII] no-MaJIKo or TeSH HeIIIa' KolITo rlbpBo-Har{aJrHo cn v.v.ail, ce Hapl4qa Aa IloHecgllr 3ary6a' KaKToHa[pI'IMep npn KynyBaHeTO IT npOAaBaHeTO' ]I Bt'B BcuqKI'IBT,3MO)KHOCTLI, KOI4TO e ,UaJr 3aKoHl'T. 14- A KoraTO HI4TO

IIOBeqe' HLITO IIO-MaJIKO HeIIIa' a OAHII I'l CT'IIIH Ca nOJIyqe-HI,I, Ka3BaT, qe BceKI,I I{Ma cBollTe HeIrIa 14 qe HuTo H'IKoft e

3ary6I{JI, Hl,lro H.flKofi e l4ssrsxbJl rroJl3a. Tara qe c[paBe-AJrr,rBoro e cpeAHoTo MexAy HflKaKBA noJl3a H BpeAa B

HerrlaTa, KoHTo ca HeAo6poBoJIHlI, lI Aa I'IMaIX eAHaKBO lIfipelu ToBa, I{ cJIeA ToBa.

IJIABA TIETA

Ho ugr.nexAa, qe 3a Hr{KoIl pa3rlJlarara e flpaBocbAuer,r3o6lqo, KaKTo Ka3Baxa fhararopefiql'ITe. Te onpegelaxarrpaBocr,AI,IeTo KaTo H3o6lqo pa3nJIaIrIaHe oT cBofl 'cTpaHac [pyrHr. 2. BnpoueM, pa3rlJlarara He ce orHacfl KbMpa3IIpeAeJIuTeJIHoTo IIpaBo' HHTo Kr,M KopI{rl4paII{OTo' 3'Maxap qe PaAaMaHTcKoro rlpaBo rona LIMa [pe'qBI'IA ilolIIpaBocbAHe:

,,AKo I,t3[HTaIrr .ToBa, Koerg.Qu .npnqu.H.4r, IIIe.HManbJrHa cnpaBe[JIHBOCT.6'

4. 3auloro B MHoro rIyHKToBe ro e B nporuBopeqne c

npaBoro, Hanpr.rMep aKo HflKofi ynpaBrflBaur (dprolv) e

yAaplrJl, He rpn6na [a 6bAe yAapeH B orroBop' ,[oKaro aKoirsroft e ygapl4r Hero, He cavo rpx6ra 4a 6lge ygapeH. Ho

r,r na 6ru6 HaxasaH. 5. Iz[ oue: I4,[o6poBoJIHoro' H HeAo6po-BoJrHoro ce pasrHqaBar Mnoro. 6. Bnpoveu B TbproBcKH-Te KOHTaKTU TaKaBa cnpaBeAJII{BOCT e CBbp3BaIqoTo -pa3[JraTara cbrJlacHo cborBercTBHero' a He cbrJlacHopaBeHCTBOTO; 3aulOTo I'l IT,pxaBaTa qpe3,I'I3B1'p[IBaHeTO

Ha npo[opquoHaJlHl4 Heqa ce 3a[a3Ba- wnn Tbpctr 3a

JrorlroTo Aa ce pa3rlJlartT, a aKo He fo HanpaBflTr I'ISrJIeX-

Aar po6cKu , vtrv sa Ao6poro - aKo He ro HaflpaBtr' He cenoryqaBa o6MeHtHe, a npoAt'JI)KaBaT Aa cT,uecTByBaT qpe3

o6vrenqHeto. 7. 3arosa n [paBflT Ha [ocrbrlHln Mecra Hanbrr{ xpaM Ha Xapnrure - 3a Aa cily>Ku Karo orBerHogapenu-e. 3arqoro roBa e cr,Irloro Karo 6Jlarogapuocr -

n4 115

f,IlnfrnH HTIKOMAXOBA ETt,tKA - KHHrA V lffilrpa6ra Ha [oKa3aJrnrr 6rarosoJreHr.re Ia ce oKaxe B orro-Bop rBbp4e xorqMo 6lapononeHne, a cJreg ToBa Aa ce3atroqHe Ha Hero o6parno na ce AaBa 6narosorenue. 8. A3aMgHaTa CTaBa rlpe3 CbOTBeTCTBU9TO IIpU CBa'p3BaHe IIOAr.raMerr,pa, Harrpr{Mep HeKa AoMocrpoHTeJrflT e A, o6yua-prr - E, rrrqara - B, o6ynxara l. W rl'it, rpx6naIloMocrpor,rreJrqr Aa B3eMe or o6yuapr HeroBoro HsAeJrr{eH Aa My AaAe B 3aMsHa Herrlo csoe. CneAoBareJrHo axo nafi-Ha[peA e uMaJro npo[oprlr4oHaJrHo paBeHcTBo, cJre,q ToBa eHMaJTO pa3rrJrarrlaHe, To ilIe cTaHe ToBa, KoeTo Ka3axMe;aKo rrbK He, Hr4To e paBHo, Hlrro ce 3ana3Ba [o6rqnocrra].3aqoro Hurqo He npeqH n3geJrHero Ha eavHufl 4a 6rge no-qo6po or roBa Ha Apyrr,rr, cJreAoBareJrHo re rpa6na ga6r,qar r,r3paBHeHr{. 9. Tosa e raKa u npv Apyrr,rre }r3KycrBa.3auloro re 6uxa Hgqe3Harr,r, aKo rrpaBerlliflT He HanpaBr,IonpeleneHo KoJrr{qecTBo H KaqecrBo, }r aKo noJlyqaBaIIIr,r-flT He IIOJlyqu roBa I,IMeHHO, H TOJIKOBa, I{ TaKOBa. 3aqoroor [BaMa JreKapr,r He craBa o6rqecrno, a or JreKap r, 3eMe-,{eJreIL H USO6rqO OT pa3JruqHrl XOpa, a He OT eAHaKBr,r; HO

re :rpr6na Aa 6bgar r{3paBHeHr4. 10. 3a'rona rpn6na loHqKaKT,B HaqUH ga 6rgar cpaBHHMr,r BcnqKlr Herrla, 3aKoHTo e [pucr,rqo ga 6rgar o6rrensHu. 3apagn ToBa ce eloflBrrJra MoHerara ulcllyxu no HIKaKT,B Haq?rH ga nocpe-AHr,rK - Tr{ r4SMepBa BCrrqKn Heqa, KaKTO H HaABUUaBaHe-To r,r He,{oc'tt4ta,, vt cbrrlo KoJrKo o6ynxu ca paBHr,t Ha KblIIariJrv. xpaHa. flo-sararrx, rpx6na 3a roBa, Koero ro3[rcrpor4TeJr e HarrpaBr,rJr 3a o6yrqapr, ToJrKora o6ynxr 4aAale o6yqapsr cpeqy Kr,rla r{Jrr{ xpaHa. Aro He 6eureTaKa, HrrMalre Aa I{Ma Hr4To pa3MqHa, Hnro o6ulecrso. AroHe MOXeXa nO H.flKaKbB Haqr{H Aa Ce r.{3paBHffBaT HepaBHr{-Te Herrla, H.flMarfle Aa ro nMa u roBa [nspannnuauo cpeAc-rno]. 11. CregosareJrHo, rpa6na BcHqKu Herqa [a 6r,[arn3MepBaHH c eAHo, KaKTo ce Ka3a rro-HaflpeA. A ro eIIOJISaTa, KOflTO CBl,p3Ba BCITqKI,I Hella; 3ailIOTO aKO HlrIqOHe cBT,p3Bar[e xopaTa Vrlrlr nbK He no eAHaKbB Haq]IH,HflMarIe Aa uMa Hr{To TbproBHr, }rHTo llleule Aa e cbllaTa.I/I, xaro 3aMecrBaqa Heo6xoguMocrra, B'bgHuKHaJra Mo-HeTaTa uo o6rqa yroBopKa, n oTTaM HMa r{ r,rMeTonomlsma - SarrloTo He rro [pnpoAa, a c:brJracHo 3aKoH

(voltog) cbrrrecrByBa Lr or Hac 3aBr,rcr,r, AaJrH ,4a e npoMeHHM

tli:iLrfl APUCTOTEA fi.ni:rIEl

uaHe ule HMa, Koraro Helrlara 6r[ar lI3paI]HeHI,I TaKa,KaKTO 3eMeAeJIeIIT,T e Cnpfrvlo o6yrqapfl, n TaKa KaKTou3AeJruero Ha o6yuaprr e crrprlMo roBa Ha 3eMe[erella. HocxeMa Ha pa3MrrHara tpr6na Aa ce npallH He roraBa, KoraroBeqe ca fl H3BT,prxrr rrr4 - nHaqe BceKu or xpafinure [vle-none] B rlpo[opqnflTa lqe HMa u IIBere rlpeBa,3xo[crBa, aTOraBa, KOfa'IO BCeKH lIMa CBOI{TO HeIIIa TaKarBHaqlrn ca paBHLr n yqacrBar s o6qsocrra, a rolla e paBeH-crBoro Mexl{y rax. Hera 3eMe,IeJreqtt e A, xpanara B,o6yulapnr B, ueroaoro [pol{3BeIIeHHe, I{3paBHeHo c xpa-Hala - I-. Axo He ce 3arrJlailIaue no ro3u HaqHH, HtMarlreAa r{Ma o6ulecrno. 1'3. l noHex(e aeqe Heo6xollrMocrraCBT,p3Ba, KaTO qe JIH Ct,qeCTByBa 9AHHCTIIO' flCHO e qe

Koraro He c'brqecrByBa B3aHMua seo6xoAHMocr eAnH oT[pyr 3a ABaMara e,qHoBpeMeHHo, I'IJrli 3a eAHHIdfl, To HeTbpryBar, !I ToraBa cTaBa raKa, qe roBa, Koero eAuH uMa,oT Hero Epyr ce Hyxlae, KaKTo Hailpl{Mep Hy)KAaeIqI'ITe Ge

or Br,rHo AaBar rrrrreHurla 3a u3HOC. caeAOnareJrHo I'I TOBa

[xna6rr u nuuo:ro] rpx6na ga 6r'ge ]IspaBHeHo. 14. I/I' axoB MOMeHTa HHtlIo Ue e Xeo6xoAHMo, MoHeTara s 6lAeuaTbproBr,lt ule 6r,Ae rapaHul4fl 3a Hac, qe ttle I{MaMe HeuaTa,aKo craHe Hyxla; rpn6na ro3H, xofito fl HocI,I, Aa fl HMa, 3a

Aa Mo)Ke ,qa B3eMe [Heo6xogurraoro vy]. Clrqoro qe rpe-Tr,pnu u MoHeTaTa - 3aIqOTO He BuHarH MO)I(9 Ia lIMapaBHa cu.na. Ho ct'uo raKa rfl noBeqe KJIoHll [a ocraHerlocrorHHa. 3arosa rpl6na BcI4trKH Herqa rrpeABapI,ITeJIHo

[a uMaT IIeHa - IIO TO3I{ HaqHH BI4HaIH Lqe nMa TT,prOBHfl,a aKo fl vtv.L HetI, ule vv'L Lr o6ruecrso. CreAosarerHoMOHeTaTa Ca Ha[paBHJII'I KaTO CI,OTBOTCTBaUIa M.flpKa I'I Tflc.e l43paBHflsa. 3auoro lruro o6uecrBoro rlleme [a c'bue-CTByBa, aKO He CT,II{9CTByBalue T'bpIOBldflTA, HHTO T:bpro-BH.rrTa - aKo He cbulecTByBalrle u3paBHgBaHe, H.I4To r 3p7'BHfBaHeTo -':- 8KO He C-T,II[pCTByBaIII€ CtlI'I3MeplIMOCr. Bg_g,[,qlnnrgJrHgcr e Hel]r,3MoxHo Helqa, KoI,ITo rrl,pAe MHo-ro qe pa3ruqaBaT, .qa craHaT cbH3MepI,rMH, HO CnptMOHyxAara [rora] e BT,3MO)KHo B AocraTbrlHa crerlen. 15.3arona rpr6na Aa ca,rrlecrByBa HflKaKBa eAI,tHI,Iua u rfl, ecbrJlacHo c[opa3yMeHlre, 3aroBa ce HapHqa MoHeTa, a r.trrrpaBu BcnqKn Heula cbH3MepuMI4; 3ailloro scuqk} HeIrIace lr3MepBar c MoHerara. Hera Kbrllara e A , .qecer MHHI,I

- B, rerlo - B.I rrrl, A rqe 6rAe rroJroBr,rHara Ha E, aKorIeHaTa Ha KbuIaTa e IIeT l|"lri|lld, rrJrr{ paBHa Ha ToJIKoBa, aaKo JrerJ'roro e eIHa [ecera vacr, B rqe 6r,,u,e 1/10 or E; ra

T'bfi, flcHo e KoJIKo JIerJIa ca paBHI{ Ha eAHa KbtIIa, fIoHe)KeTr e rrer. 16. r{e raKaRa e 6nra rr,proBuqra npegr{ ,qacr,rrrecrByBa MoHerara, e rrcHo. 3atqoro HtMa pa3JIuKa[aJrlr rrer JrefJra ce AaBar cpeqy eAHa Kbrqa HJrr{ Herqo,Koero e paBHo Ha frer JrerJra. 1,7. W rtfi, raxno e Hecnpa-Be,4JIHBOCT H KaKBO rrpaBOC:bAr.re, Ce Ka3a. A Cneg Karo roBae onpeAeJreHo, rcHo e, qe ,qa ce frocrbrrBa cnpaBeAJrraBo ecpeJIHo Me)KAy ,rAa rlocrr,rlBarlr HecnpaBeAJIHtso'6 v! ,rc re6Aa rrocrbnBa'r HecrrpaBe[Jr]rBo(. 3auloTo e[HoTo e ,{a }rMaIrInoBeqe, a [pyroTo - ro-MaJrKo. Ho [paBoc'LAI,IeTo e cpe-AHHa He nO CT,rrlur Haqr,rH, KaKTo r43HaqaJrHnTe Ao6poIIeTe-Jrr,r, a fIoHe)Ke e npHc6ulo Ha cpe,{uHaTa, a HecnpaBeAJI14Bo-crra - Ha rpafinocrr.rre. I4 npanocrAr,rero e roBa, cilopeAKOeTO cnpaBeAJIltBHtT Ce Haphqa rOAeH Aa u3BT'pIIIBa'cbp6pa3Ho cbgHareJreH r,rg6op, ToBa, Koero e c[paBeAJrr,r-no,'w.€.RnoneH KTJM pa3npeAeJrfllfle H Me)KAy ce6e cu u APYr,14 Mex[y Apyfr,r, He no TaKbB HaqnH, qe oT ToBa, Koerorpr6na Aa 6bAe r,r36paHo, rroBeqe [a 6r,!e 3a Hero, a rro-MaJrKo 3a 6rn)KHr,rfl, a or BpeAHoTo - o6parHo, Ho raKa, qeAa-e paBHO CIIope['CtOTBeTcTBneTO' n nO CT,IIIHfr }{Lqtt}IMe)KAy Apynn xopa. 18. A, o6parno, HecrrpaBelJrHBocrrarrpeA[oJrara HecnpaBeAJr]rBoTo. Tosa e HaAB]rIrIaBaHeTo H

HeAOCTr,rrbr Ha froJre3HoTo rrJrr{ Bpe[Horo B nporr.rBopequecb s ct,oT P9-T9181tr9T9j Hecnpan egr It B ocrr a e u3rr LI rrb K Lt

HeAO-CTHf;'TIOHe)Ke e npuqnHa 3a HaABI{uaBaHeTO I,r He[O-cT[fa - KoraTo H.rIKoft 3a ce6e cfi oT rroJre3HoTo BseMa B

H3JII4IIIT'K, a OT BpeAHOTO - IIO-MAJIKo; 3a [pyrHTe KaTOIIflJIO e IIO CTJIIIIIfl HaqLIH' a 3a TOBa, KOeTO e HSBbH CI,OT-BercrBHero - no KofiTo or ABara HarruHa ce cJryqn. A npnHeCIIpaBeAJIlIBaTa nocTl,IIKa IIO-JIeKOTO e [a IIOHeCelu He-CnpaBeAJI14BOCT, a IO-TOIflMOTO - Aa IIOCTT,IIIIIII HeC[pa-BeAJrrnBo. 19. OrHocno c[paBeAJr]rBocrra I,r HecrIpaBeAJILI-BOCTTa - KaKBa e npprpoAaTa Ha BcrKa oT ABeTe - HeKa6rge rasaHo raKa, H no cblrlnf HaqLrH -

rI orHocHocnpaBeAJrr4BoTo u HecnpaBeAJrlrBoTo n o6rq frJIaH.

n6 rt7

,ffi API,,ICTOTEA

TJIABA IIIECTA

Ho nosexe ce cryrlBa rogltr xoftro rlocrr,nBa Hecnpa-BeAJTIIBO, OUIe Aa He e HeclpaBeAJII{B, nuTa ce B KaKBoHecrrpaBeAJrrrBo AeJIo, nocrbnBafrKn HecnpaBeAJILlBo' llo-BeK e HecrIpaBeIJII,IB c orJIeA Ha HfKaKBa KoHKpeTHa Hec-npaBelJlI,IBocr, HanpuMep, IaJIH KpaAeIIbr ulu upelro6o-Aeerlbr, unu pas6ofinurtr? Mnu raxana pa3JIlIKa HtMa [aur"ra? 3auoro Mo)Ke ra ce cJlyrrn u ntxofi Aa BJIege BbBBpbgKa c xeHa, ggaefixn qe e oMT,)KeHa,,Ho -flpuquHara traHe e cb3HareJIHI{tr ns6op, a crpacrra. 2. VI rtfi, or e4nacrpaHa rrocrbnBa HecrIpaBelJII,tBo, a or Apyra - He eHecnpaBeAJIIrtB, KaKTo Ha[pI'IMep He e Kpa[e{, o e OTKpaA-HaJr, He e npeJIIo6oAeeII, a e npeJIbcTLrJI, I{ rro c'bn\nfl HaquHu 3a [pyrlrre Herqa. 3. flo-rope 6eure KasaHo no KaKr'BHaqlrH ce orHacflT pa3ilJlarara u npaBoro. 4. A He rpx6naAa KpI,IeM, qe ToBa, KoeTo rbpcr{M, e a6corlorHoro npaBou np-anoro B o6lqecrBoto (rolr.rrdv 'E{rar.ov). floc.neguo-To ctrqecrByBa rrpn xI,IBeerq]ITe o6rqo, 3a Aa I'IMar He3aBI4-cr,tMocr cno6ognoporenltre I.I paBHI'ITe I'IJII'I no cborBercr-rtae, niln no 6pofi. Tara qe ga Kouro roBa He cblrrecrByBa'3a Trx noMexly uM HqMa rpDK[aHcKo npaBo' a HMa HqKa-xno nogo6ue Ha npaBo. 3auloto npaBo cbuecrByBa 3axopara,3a Kor{To I{Ma 3aKoH,'HacoqeH KbM Ttx; a SaKOIibre 3a feslr Herrla, B KolITo e u HecnpaBeAJrl,lBocrra; 3aIrIoTocnpaBeAJIr4BocrTa e cbA I{aE cnpaBeAJII'IBIiI.f, I,I HeCnpaBeA-ltvtrufl. Cpeg onesla, cpe4 Kottro I{Ma HecnpaBeAJII'lBocr'cpeA T.gx e lr n3BbplrrBaHeTo Ha HecnpaBeAJrIIBI,I rocTbrrKllta upu KolrTo I,IMa H3B'bpIIrBaHe Ha HeCIIpaBeAJII,IBII nocTb-[Kr4, He-IIpu BcrlqKu rflx LIMa HecnpaBeAJILrBocT; a-:FoBa e AaoupeAeJrflrrr ga ce6e crl noBeue or 6larara, KoI,ITo caraKra-sa 6esotHocI4TeJIHo, u [o-MaJIKo or 3JI[iHI4Te' KoI{To caTaKnBa 6esorHocureJrHo. 5. 3arosa He nosBoJltpeMe AayilpaBJl.flBa rroBeK, a 3aKoH, rroHexe qoBeKbT npaBI,I c[oMe-HarHTe Helrla sa ce6e cs kt crzua rupaHLIH. A 5lnpan.nrna-qI'IflT e IIa3IIITeJI Ha IIpaBOTO' 3aTOBa aKO e r a CnpaBeAnH-Bocrra, To e lr Ha paBeHcrBoTo. 6. 3arosa ce cMflTar r{eHtMa ga ce6e cu rroBeqe, aKo g cnpare,qJll,tB, 3aluoro Hepa3npe[eJrs sa ce6e cld noBeqe ot a6coltornoro 6naro,ocBeH aKo He My ce rroJlara nponoplluoHaJlHo. 3-atosa*.ro

118 lt9

HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHUTA V

rrpaBu 3a Apyr l,l 3aToBa Ka3BaT, qe CnpaBeAJTHBOCTTa e6naro 3a Apyrr{Te, KaKTo vr Hlae Ka3axMe nb-rope. 7. Cneno-BareJrHo, rpx6aa Aa My 6r,qe ,4ageno HflKaKBo BT,3HarpilK-AeH-{!g- -a ro-.gdlecr n-rroqr{T. 3a rororo re3r{ Herrla He caAocrarbqHn, rofi craBa rr,rpaH14H. 8. llpanoro Ha rocrroAa-p.n H ToBa sa 6aurara He ca e.qHaKBH c ropHoro, Ho canogo6Hra. 3aqoro HecrrpaBe,UrlrBocr s a6corroreH rrJraH HeCbIIIeCTByBa IIpU XOpaTa, KOTaTO e HaCOqeHa KLM TeXHI,Ico6crseH[ Herrla, a Karo qe JrH qacr or qoBeKa ca po6rt uAerero, qaK AoKa'fo cTaHe BT,3pacTeH H ce orgenu. 9.Hraxofi ne us6upa cb3HareJrHo [a BpeAH na ce6e cn.-3arosaHe cbrrlecrByBa Heclpareglunoir xtu Ce6e cH. Cnelona-TeJIHo, o6ulecrnoto Hr{To e Hec[paBeAJrr,rBo, HHTo e clpa-Belrr4Bo, sauoro cr,rlecrByBa cto6pasHo 3aKoHa u npnTe3H' y KOI,ITO no npupoAa HMa M]{CTO 3aKOHT,T, a Te caTe3lr, 3a KoHTO CbrIIeCTByBa paBeHCTBO B TOBa Aa ynpaBJrr-Barrr H ga 6rgeru y[paBJrrBaH. 3arosa rpaBoro e rroBeqeKr,M cr,[pyrata-gtxolKoro Kr,M Aerlar4 n po6ure.3auloroToBa e ceueftno up.aBo, a ro e pasJrHqHo or rpa)KAaHcKoro.

TJIABA CEAMA

Or rpaxgancKoTo.npaBo e[Ha qacr e gcrecrBeHoTo, aApyra e ySaKoHeHoTo;-EcTeCTBeHOTO e TOBa, KOeTO HaBC.s-Kb[e lllMa eAHa r,r cbrlla cl{Jra, n To He noHe)Ke 3a TaKoBa rocMflTar vrrr.e. Vgarogeuoro trbK e roBa, ga Koero HflMapa3JrI,IKa AaJrn B HaqaJroTo ce uoc'IbrrBa no eAHH saqun utuno [pyr, a vML pasJrnKa, Koraro ro 6t4e ycraHoBeHo

-Ha[pr{Mep ocao6oxgaBaHero cpeqy orKyil egHa vnHa ulurrpr,rHacflHero B xeprBa sa 3erc Ha Ko3a, a He Ha A6e oBrle,rr cbrrlo BcHqKH oT[eJrHr,I Herrla, OnpeleJreHu cLc 3aKoH,KaKTo Harrpr,rMep [puHacrHero B xepTBa Ha Fpasuga uB3eMar{ero Ha pe[reHr4fi c rJracyBaue.2. I4ernexga, qe gaeAHl' BCUqKI{ Herrla Ca TaKr,rBa, noHe)Ke HenpoMeHJrr,IBoTono [pupoAa r.rMa eIHaKBa cHJra HaBCrKbIe, KaKTO OrbHrTn T yK, n s flepcufl ropur .Ho Btr)KAar, qe c[paBeAJrtrBr.rreHerrla ca npoMeHrvrBt4.3. Ho roBa He e raKa nso6rqo, acaMo rrpn orrpeAeJreHu o6c'rosreJrcrBa. Bce naK, npu 6oro-Bere rrpoMfiH'?irae nsKJuoqeHa, a rrpn Hac lxopara], *rarapu Aa uv.a HerI1o [npanoro] no npupoAa, Bcr,rrrKo roBa e[poMeHJrr4Bo. 7I egHo e ro flpupoAa, a [pyro - He no

API,,ICTOTEN

upupo[a. 4. ,4 roe o'r re3n HeIIIa, KoHTo Morar u [Io ApyrHar{uH ga 5lgar, e ilo npupo.[a, u Koe

- H9, a e 3aKoHHo LI

lro c[opa3yMeHl,Ie, v AailI/. H ABere ca eAHaKBo IIpoMeHJII{-B:|.', e rcHo. flo ornoneHlre Ha ApyrI4Te Heqa c'blrloTopasrpaHuqeHl'Ie IIoAXox[a; 3a[O'ro .qtcHaTa pr'Ka e IIo-Ao6pa rlo npl4po[a, MaKap qe Mo)Ke HtKoI{ Aa craHar JI0BKI{14 c ABere plqe. 5. A 'reslr or cIIpaBeAJrI4BI4Te HeIIIa, KouToca c'buIacHo c[opaSyMeHlle u cbo6pa3H0 rroJIe3HoTO' canoAo6HI4 Ha MepKI,ITe; 3auloTo He HaBcflK'bue ca paBHuMepKuTe 3a BI4HO I'tr )KHTO, a K6l[eTO rLI KylIyBaT c& IIO'foJreMI{, K:b,[,ero IrbK rH npo,qaBar, ca [o-MaJrKI'r. rlo ca'-,illt4fl HAql'1'H U CnpaBeAJII,IBUTe Helqa, KolITo ca TaKilBa He

IIO IIpI4pOAa' a OT rIOBeKa, He Ca e^Hn VI CbIqU HaBCqK:L,4e'

IIOHeII(e 14 At'pxaBI4Te He Ca eAHAKBI'i, a CaMo eAHa e--HAit-

Ao6pa HaBcflK:bge cr'o6pa3Ho rlpllpo4ara cv. 6- Bcsro or:c[paBelJlutsI4Te H 3aKoHHlrre Heqa e orHeceHo KbM Aefrc-TBr,r.sTa Ha xopaTa, KaKTo o6ql4Te Herqa ilo oTHorrreHI{e Ha

oT,4eJrHn're. 3aqoro r{3B}pIrIeHLITe HeI{a ca MHoro' HO

BctKo OT 'rflx KaTo o6qo e caMo e[Ho. 7. O6aqe urrlapa3JILIKa Me)K,qy HecnpaBeAJIltBaTa IIOCl't'IIKa u HeCIIpaBe-IurlrBo'ro, r{ Me)KAy c[paBeAJIuBaTa rfocr])rlKa I'I cupaBeA-Jr14BO'rO. HeCupanegJII'IBOCTTa Ct,IrlecrByBa ro IIpupoAa nJII',I

crropeA ycraHoBeHl,ls peA; eAHo lI cblrlo Heulo' cJIeA KaToBeqe e 6uno nanpaBeHo, e HecrIpaBeIrI4Ba flocrT,rlKa' a

Ilpelu Aa e 6ltro nanpaneHo, He e, a e HeclpatseAJIIrBO. fIOc5ur,rfl HaqHH e u 3a CTIpaBeAJIHBOTO IeJIO. o6Uloro ceHapnqa rlo-qecro flocrt,nBaHe cTIpaBeIJIIABO

(DtrarorpdTqpd ) a crpaBelru4Bo Aerlo (Dtrairopa) ce-na-puqa KopurnpaHeTo Ha HecnpaBeAJII,IBaTa rlocT:brIKa- Bctt-KO KOHKpeTHo oT Tffx) vI KaKBU BI,t[oBe ca Te, u KoJIKo' lrKbM KOll HeIIIa HMaT OTHOIIIeHUe, fIO-HaTaTlK IIIe 6T,Ae

pasrJreIIaHo.

IJIABA OCMA

Cneg xaro cnpaBe[JII{BI,ITe n HecnpaBeAJII'IBure Helqaca raKI{Ba, KaKBI4TO Ka3aXMe, To tloBer( rIQc_:r5_rIBa Hecflpa-BeAJTUBO H CIpaBeAJII{BO, Koraro rH BlpIIIra qo6ponoano;KOTaTO e ilpOTI'IB BoJItTa My' HUTO CIIpaBe,qJIHBO IIOCTT'II3A;Hr4TO HecnpaBeAJII4BO, a Cnope[ CJIyqafiHO.CTTa; xopara

r20 12l

il:rBbpurBa'r re3u Hgula, Kotrtro crropel cJryqa'I ca cI*paBeA-,\t4Bvt t4ilv HecrrpaBeAI|MB]fll. 2. A necnpaBeAJll'IlloTo [eJlo(rpriyrlpu) H nocrbllllaHero HecIIpaBeAJII,IBo ce pa3rll4qa-lta'f llo ToBa, [aJrH ca Ilo6poBoJIHo lIJII,l HeAo6potsoJlHorrirlr,prrreHn, 31g1o1'o_5olraro Heu1o p no6ponoJlHo, I'orallafinua yrrpexB-aHq u To_raBa e HecnpaBeAJIr{Bo AeJIo; cJIcAo-tlal'eJlHO, HeUIo qe 6r,i1e uecnpare;1JlttBo, Ho orle He Hec-ilpaBeAJrr{Bo Aero, aKo He e Ao6aBeHa go6polonuocr. 3. A;ltl6ponorno iiapuuatt, KaKTo tr no-paHo Oeute xa3ano,'t'()Ba, KoeTo HnKofi npalll4 c63HaTeJIHO I4 KaTO 3Hae, qe'ria}Lrcr oT Hero H He He3Haeiixu cpeqy Koro, KaK n KaKBo?KaKTO Ha[pI4Mep: Koxo y,u,pfl, c KaKBo lr 3apaAH KaKBO' a

BcrrKo or re3r{ Heqa He Q HI{TO CJlyqaiiHo, HHTO ilpI'lHyAI4-'r'oJrHo, KaKTo aKo HtKoi.i B3eMaiiKH pbKara My, e yAapI',rJI

/lpyr, 6ca Tofi Aa I,IcKa; 3atUoro Hc e 3atsHceJl_o or Her.o .

M6xe Aa ce cryqu yAapeHI4lr Aa e 6aua, Karo [To3I'I KofrToyJlp'l] 3Hae, qe e qoBeK fiItvt HflKoi4 or np_PrcbcrBaIIIure' a Hernae, qe e 6au1a. flo cr'nln.a HaqnH IIIe 6T,[e pa3rpaHHqeHoKaKBo e TaKaBa fIocTT,[Ka, no KaKBa [IpuquHa e, u lI3IlffJIOil3Ba,pluBaHero fi. O6aqe roBal Koero € H3Bbplrrouo 6eg AaCe 3Hae' HJII'I He e HeIISB9CTHO' He- 3allHCI4 OT L3BT'pUBaIqI'Itr(), r,rJllr e rIoA BT,3AefiCTBUe Ha cuJla, e HeAo6poBoJIHo.llauoro MHoro Helqa, KoHTo Brt)KAaMe, qe ct'IrIecrByBar nollpHpo[a, HI'te H I'lSBbpnIBaMe, H TTrpnUM' HO HITKOe OT TflXu-e e xuro Ao6poBorHo, HIITo HeAo6poBoJIHo, KaKTo Hh-ilpr4Mep crapeeHero vnu yunpaHero. 4. llo cr'r]JJ{s HaquHr.r cryqafiHocTTa BJIl4fle Ha HecrlpaBeAJIlIBI'!T9 H CnpaBeAJIA-Bure Hella; Saqoro aKo HfiKoft BbpHe ocraBeHt{-fl 3aJIOruego6po-ro{Y9 I4JIH nopaAx crpax' rpl6na Aa ce Ka)Ke' qe

TOft Hnro HeClpaBeAJIltBo, HI,tTo crlpaBeAJII'lBo e nocrbrrllJl'a cnopdf'etyvar. flo ct,lll]Ifl HaqHH u 3a ro3H, KoftTo noilpr.rHyla u Hego6poBoJIHo He e B:bpHaJ ocraBeHl'Lfl 3itJlor;tpr6na 11a ce Kaxe, qe ro cJlyqaiiHocr e nocrr,rII'IJI Hecrtpa-rleAJrHBo r,r e I{38:bpIIrI,rJI HeCnpaBeAJI}IB}I Herqa. 5. A o'r/(o6poBoJIHuTe Heula H,flKolI npaBuM, Karo cMe HanpaBHJIHc'r,3HarefleH r436op, a ApyrH - 6ec Hero, 3alrloro c'b3HareJl-HO e H36paHo ToBa, 3a KoeTo ilpeABapLITeJIHO cMe B3eJIr{pemeHlle; KOTaTO He CMe B39JIH pellleHlle, HqMa CT,3FaTe-JreH r,r36op. 6. Tp4 ca BpeAI{Te B o6lqecrBoTo. Te3I,t, xo.uroce flpaBflT nopaAH He3HaHI{e, ca rpe[IKI,I, KoraTo H.flKoH rt{

HanpaBr,r 6eg Aa cb3HaBa npaBI,IJIHo HIlTo crlpffMo- Foro,HHTO KaKBO, HI,ITO IIO KaKbB HaqHH, HI4TO SapaA]I KaKBo;3auIoTO e CMrraJr I|JII{ He [a HapaHH HJII,I He c To3I{ I,IHcTpy-MeHT L{JILI He ToSIl qoBeK, vilu He no AaAeHa rIpHtIHHa, a ceE CIYTII,ITO HE TOBA, KOCTO E MUCJII,IJI, KAKTO HAIPI,IMEP HE

Aa HapaHH, a ga y6oge, I,IJIH He o[pe[eJleHut qoBeK' llJII,r Hetro oflpegeJreHH.R HaqI,IH. 7. CnegonareJlHo Koraro Bpe4araBt'3HI{KHe HeIIp9[BItAeHO' TOBa e HeAOpa3yMeHne' a KOra-TO He e HenpeABHAeHo, Ho 6e3 nopoqHocT, e rpeIIIKa;3arrloro qoBeK lpeIIrH, Koraro y Hero e npllqHHaTa Ha.

BlIHaTa' a HeAOpa3yMeHI'Ie I'IMa' KOTaTO Tt e BT,H O'T HeIO:8. A roraro 3nae, Ho He e B3eJI pe[IeHI'Ie npeABapI'ITeJIHo,e HecrrpaBeAJIHBo AeJIo, KaKT0 HarIpI,IMep HelrlaTa, KoI'IToce cJryqBaT Ha xopaTa noA BJIlIeHve Ha rH.flB l'IJII'I^.qpyr[qyBcTBa, KouTo ca noA HaTLICK HJII,I eCTecTBeHI',I. oneen,KOttTO TaKa BpeMT I,IJII{ fpefiraT, nocrbnBar HecrIpaBeAJIIt-BO I4 TaKHBa HeqA Ca I'I3Bt,pmBaHe Ha HeC[paB9AJI!'IBOCT'o6aqe 3apaAI,I Ttx xopara sss Qtl{e He ca HecnpaBelruBu'HUTO noKBapeHlt; 3alrloTo Bpe[ara He e nopaAn [Iop,oq-Hocr. 9. Ho-rorato e lro cI4Jlara Ha cb3HareJlHI'tt I'I36op,qQBeKr'T e HecrIpaBeAJII{B l{-uopoq-eri. 3aroBa npaBHJIHo cenperleHtBar nocTbrlKure, H3BbprrreHI'I. flopal,u rHtB' a HeHapoqHo, noHe)Ke 3arloqBa He To3lI' KOfiTO trefiCTBa C fH-flB'a KoftTo e pa3rHeBn L 70.IL oue: cnopbr e He 3,4 TqE4' IaJI]Ie cra.HaJro vtilv :fre, a 3a ilpaBoro. 3auoro fHeB1)r e KbMTOBa, KOeTO U3rJIe)K,{a HeCTIpaBeAJII,IBOCT. 3auO:ro He cecnopu 3a HeIIIO, KOeTO e CTaHaJIo, KaKTo npu cAeJIKI'ITe'KbAeTo no Heo6xonHMocT eAI,IH[Isr e rlopoqeH, ocBeH aKoHe ro [paBr.r nopal]r 3a6paBflHe; cr,rrac.sBa,itKvt ce 3arrpelMera, c[opflT 3a roBa Ha qHq crpaHa e c[paBeAJIIdBo-cTTa; a To3I,I, KoftTo rlpeAHaMepeHo e HanpaBItJI Herrlo

IOIIIO, He e He3HaeIrI; TaKa qe eAnHllrrT CMflTaJ qe e npeTtp-rrsJr HecflpaBe,qJrr,lBocr, a lpyrHfiT- He. 11. 14 gatoBa' aKoe HaBpeAHJI, KATO I{Ma rIpeABapITeJIHo HaIIB!!BeH c63HaTe-JreH r.r36op, nocrbnBa HecnpaBeAJIlIBo. 14 or rdsU-Hecrlpa-BeAJrr4BI,r [eJIa nocTbnBaulntr Hec[paBeAJIHBO Berle craBaHecnpaBeAJILIB, KOIaTO IIpeMI,IHe H3BbH npoIIopqnoHaJIHO-TO r,rJrlr paBHoro. flo clulnq HaqItH t{ cnpaderuIvtBtiflT,Koraro no cbsHaTeJreH H36op rocrbrlBa HqcnpaEgA[Yqp.O6aqe rrocrbnBa crIpaBeAJII,IBo caMo Koraro AeficrtyBa nocBor BoJrfl. 12. A or: Ao6poBorHI'ITe Helr(a eAnu uorat ga

t22 123

HI,{KOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHUTA V

3 acJryxar cy tr3l_9,4lerr ae, -a Epy FLI C a. H elrpocrn vr u. 3arqo-'l'O KOTaTO Ce I43BT,puBaT OT,xopa.He CaMO He3HaeII-lH' HO HKOI,|TO OT He3HaHUe rpeUIaT, Ca [pocTlIMH, a KoLlTo HerropaAr4 He3HaHue, a He3Haer4Kkl v rlopa4w qyBcTBo, Koero.He e HUTo ecTecTBeHo, HHTo tloBeluKo, He ca [pocTHMH.

TJIABA AEBETA

Hqxoft Moxe,qa ce ctMHtBa AaJllt e Aocrarr,qHo Hanpa-rleHoro oT Hac pa3rpaHltqeHHe flo orHolrreHl,le Ha roBa ,qa'[bpnI{III HeCilpaBeAJILIBOCT Ir,qa H3Bt pIII]IIIJ HecnpaBeAJIH-nocr. flpeln Bc?rrrKo AaJrI{ e raKa, KaKTo e Ka3aJI Erpunug,roRopeftKr,r cTpaHHo:

,,V6nx MafiKa cu, KasaHo c ABe AyMH,no cBot BoJIfl H no HefiHa BoJrt,uJIH no HeftHo xeJIaHlIe, He no cBot BoJtt{.'(

.[alra 4efic'rBureJlHo Mo)Ke Aa craHe'raKa, qe ,{o6poBoJIHoJIa noHeceIII HecnpaBe,4JIHBocT, HJIH He Moxe, a ToBa BHHa-rH e HeAo6poBoJrHo, KaKTo n lI3Br,plrrBaHeTo Ha HecnpaBe-/IrusoC'r BHHaTH e go6ponolr.a? Vl rait, gatu 3a BceKH el,lJlt{ IIO TO3H HaqHH, li.JIVI nO rOpHI4fl, IIIOM Aa l{3BfrpUllilIHecnpaBelJrrrBocr BlrHarH e Ao6poBor:F.o? VIrt4 ce IroHactHecrrpaBe,uil,rBocr B earrH cJryqaft [o6poBoJIHo, a B Apyr -HeAo6poBoJrHo?. 2. ffo'crrqvr, r.aqvr e v 3a roBa ,4a rbp-flnm npaBocr'AHe. 3arqoro nocTT,nBaHeTo crIpaBeAJII4BOBlrHarr{ e AQ_qpoBoJrHo, TaKa qe pa3yMHo e [a ce nporHBo-rrocraBrrrj elHaKBo Ha BcflKo or ABeTe - v H& TbpneHeroHa H9CIpaBeAJII'IBOCT' H Ha TOBa Aa TT,pnuIu npaBOCl,AHe;ToBa HJrr,r e Eo6poBorHo, r,rJrn HeAo6poBoJrHo. 3aqo'ro 6Hr43rJrex,4aJro a6cypAHo, aKo BuHarr,t Ao6poBoJIHo qoBeKnpueMa Ia 6r,Ae c3AeH. Ha.nn H.'IKoH He no cBoJ{ BoJItnpnevrar Aa 6r'[ar cr,AeHI,I. 3. 3arosa HqKoii 6Ia prorl.n Aace cbMHrBa AaJrr4 BceKlr, KofiTo e noAJroxeH Ha HeqIIpaBe-IIJTHBOCT, e rpeTlrpaH HecnpaBeAJil4Bo, HJIH KaKTo e 3ar.t3BT,pruBaHero, TaKa e v ga rroHactHeTo. B AeftcrBlITeJI-HOCT, B1,3MOXHO e CJryqafiHO Aa C9 IIOIyqU CnpaBeAJII,IBOCTrr B ABara cJryqaff. .'[cHo e, qe IIo IIolo6eH HaqnH e t4 3ar43Bl,pInBaHerO sa HecrrpaBeAJrHBocrH. 3aqoro He e eAHol'l cl,II]O [a u3BbpruItIII HeCnpaBeAJII'lBoCTLr}d ilA nOCTbrIBaIlIHecnpaBe[Jr]rBo, HnTo Aa Tt,pnHrrr HecnpaBeArHBocTV uc[prMo re6 Aa e r,r3BI,pileHa HecrrpaBeAJrnBocr. flo crulu.n

API,{CTOTEA

Haqr4H e rr 3a roBa Aa rrocrr,rrr,Iril cilpaBeAJIIrBo LI ra 6t4eurIOIJIO)K9H Ha IpABOCTTI\V9; 3aIqOTO He e Ba,3MOXHO ,44rroHece[l HecnpaBeAJ]t{Bocr, aKo HqMa HtKoft, KofiTo ,qaH3Bt,pIXBa HecrrpaBe,utuBocT ktilv Ea 6tAern no/lJloxeH HanpaBocbAr{e, 6es HflKoi.i Aa nocTbnBa cnpaBeAJII,lBo. 4. AKo[a I,I3Bt'pmBaIu HecnpaBeAJl]luocT e IlpOcTO Aa HaBpeIIuUHa HTKOFO IIO CBOrI BOJIfl, a rlo cBofl BoJIfl o3H.4qaBa Aa3Haeur I,r Ha Koro, v c KaKBo, H rlo KaKbB HaqI{H, TO

HeBT,3Al,p)KaHnflT IIO CBOfl BOJIfl BpeAI4 Ha CaMI4fl Ce6e CV,

cJreAoBaTeJrHo,3HaefiKn, qe Tofi ilIe noHece HecnpaBeAJIn-BOCT, lr ilpaBH B'L3MOX(HO TOfi CaMHflT K'bM Ce6e cU IIarrocrl,nu HecnpaBe,qJrr4Bo. A Tosa e eAnH or cnopHI,ITeB'IrIIpOcIl: AaJIII e Bb3MO)KHO Aa CTaHe TaKa' qe Hr{KOft ,[au3Bbprrrn HecnpaBeAJrrrBocr KbM caMl4t ce6e cu- 5. Wollle, Moxe HflKofi IIo cBoq BoJtfl llopalllr HeBb3AT,pxaHocTAa nperbprrH Bpe.{a or HflKoii Apyr, KoftTo Ao6poBoJIHo tnpr,rqnHrBa, TaKa qe Aa craHe raKa, qe KoftTo rlo cBo,fl.BoJIflrrpaBr,r Herrlo, Aa rrperbpnl4 Hec[paBeIJIItBocr. IInu tt'rc.O[peleJIeH]IeTO He e IIpaBL{JIHO' a KT'M TOBa' qe HaHa'CtBpeAa To3H, KOfiTO 3Hae I{ Ha KO[O, I,I C KaKBO, U nO KaKT,BHaqlrH, Tpr6Ba ,4a ce npu6aLl/. u,,flporllB xeJlaHHero cn(6.6. ,{eftcrrrareJlHo: BceKr,r no cBo* BoJIfl TI'prrH BpgAa unoHacfl Hec[pa"BeAJrr,rB[r Helqa , Ho HItKofi IIo cBofl BoJIfl HeTbpnr{ HeclpaBeAJrHBH rrocTl,tlKl4; 3aqotcl HI,IKOft He Xe-Jrae - Hnyo [opH HeB:b3Ar,p)KaHl,,.flT - a ro npaBl{ nporHB)KeJraHI{eTo cn. 3aqoro H.r,rKofi He )KeJIae roBa, KoeTo HecMr{Ta 3a Ao6ponopffAbqHo u HeB'L3A'bp)KaHutr [paBu He-ua,3a Kouro cMflTa, qe He rpq6Ba Aa ce npaBnr.'.|. A nr'rAaBarIIr{fT cBouTe Herqa, TaKa KaKTo orurup Ka3Ba, qe fJIaBKI(aBA Ha .[raorvreg:

,nl43xonaHn or 3Jraro cpeuy Ha[paBeHI4 or Me,qHa crofiHocr cro TaJraHTa cpeuy raKHBa HacrofiHocr AeBer ratraHTa.(,He rbprru Hec[paBe[Jrr,rBocr. 3auoro B HeroBa BJIacT e

laJrH Aa ,qa,qe, Ho He e B HeroBa BJIacT AaJII{ [a IIpeT1bpIIuHecrrpaBeAJrlrBocr, a rpr6Ba Aa lrMa HflKofi, KoftTo Aa rroc-Tbrrlr HecnpaBeAJrHBo. 8. lL rr,fi , qe rroHacrHeTo H4.Hecnpa-Be/IJrr{Bocr e irego6poroJrHo, e qcHo. 7[ one, or r436paHr,rreo'f Hac HeJrIa ocraBal' ABe, 3a KoHTo ,4a Ka)KeM: aarvrrocTbI]Ba HecrrpaBeAJr]rBo ro3H, KofiTo e npugo6NJr froBe-qc or roBa, Kocro 3acry)KaBa, vtltvr KofiTo r4Ma floBeqe, H

124 t25

HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETI,{KA . KHUTA V

laJrlr Mo)Ke Aa cTaHe raKa, qe caM KbM ce6e clr Aa nocTbnl,IHecIrpaBeAJrHBo. 9. 3auloro e BT,3MO)KHo rIT,pBoTo, Koeroc IIOMe HaXMe' H rIOCTt, I]B a H ec I]paB9AJI HBO p a3npefleJlt IIIH-rIT, a .He To3I4, KOfiTO I4Ma noBeqe; TofaBa, aKo H.gKofipa3npeAeJrr.r Ha [pyr rroBerre, oTKoJrKoTo Ha ce6e cu, sP,aer4-

KH TOBa H IIO CBOq BOJI', TOii CaM K'LM Ce6e cU [ocTt'[BaHec[paBeAJrnBo. cvsra ce, qe yMepeHHTe [paBflT I{MeHHo'roBa; 3arrloTo Ao6puflT e cKJroHeH Aa HaMarqBa cBoq Aqfl.Moxe 6n rosa He e npocro? 3arqoro aKo ce cJIyqI4' orqy)KAOTO 6laro ce o6oraTtBa, HaIIpHMgp or cJIaBaTa ItJIIIa6corrcTHor.o Ao6po, l4 ou1e, Bbnpoc'LT ce pa3pelxaBa H

cIIOpeA OnpeAeJIeHlIeTO 3a I{3BT,pIIIBaHeTO Ha HeCIIpaBe,{-JTUBOCT: He rrOHaCfl Hltlqo npoTI,IB cBotra BoJIt, TaKa qe HeTr,pn,H H9CIIpaB€AJIHBOCTT a aKO e l{Haqe' TO CaMO BpeAaTr,p[H. 10. gnso I,I pa3rlpe.4eJltrqHflT [ocrbnBa HecnpaBe-AJTHBO, HO He BHHaTU L{Malrlllfl'f rloBeqe; flocrbnBa Hecfipa-BeAJTHBo He ro3r,l, y Kororo e 3aJIo)KeHo HecrlpaBeAJIlIBoTo,a ro3r,t, y KoroTo e 3aJIo)KeHo [a [paBn ToBa no cRofl BoJIfl;Tosa e n3TorrHr,tKt'T Ha AeficrBl4ero I,t rofi e y ro3I,I' KofiTopa3npe,qeJrfl, a,He y ro3H,'Kofito noryqaBa. 11. 14 orqe,nOHeX(e pa3JlllqeH CMI'lCtJI Ce BJIara B rAit IIpaBI't[I((' TO

TaKa ce Ka3Ba, qe HeolAylreBeHHTe y6unat -

H pbKaTa , I',I

po6'br, Ha Kororo e.ol,ulo 3arloBr[aHo, Ho He lrocrt,nBaHecnpaBeAJr HBo, MaKap I,I,4a I,I3 B'bp[IBa HecrIpaBeIIJI I,I B 14

Herrl4. 12. yI ct'tllo, aKo HflKoft cb,{Lt, 6eg na 3Hae, ToftrrocTbnBa Hec[paBeAJIrIBo He cbrJIacHo 3aKoHHoTo ilpaBo-cb[He I{ oTcl,xlaHeTo He e HecIIpaBeAJII{BO' a e B ApyrcMIICt JI HecIIpaBeA 3aKoHHoTO IIpaBO e pa3JII4qHO OT

oHoBa, IIt pBurlHoro; a aKo TaKbB, KoftTo 3Hae, e oTc'trlI,IJIHecrrpaBe.qfluBo, ce o6orarrBa H Tofi uJII,I 3apaAI,I 6raro-.4apHocr, HJrrr oT orMbrrleHHeTO. L3. CneloeareJrHo, KaKTo

Iro:u], KoftTo e B3eJI yqacrl,re B HecnpaBe,UlI,IBa rlocrbfIKa,TaKa n To3H, KofiTo c TaKaBa IIeJI e oTcl,AI,uI HecnpaBeAJII,l-BO, e [oJryqr.rJr froBeqe; 3anloro KofiTo c TaKaBa qeJr errpHcbAr4Jr noJreTo, e B3eJr He rloJrcro, a cpe6po. 14. XoparacM.flTaT, tle rrocTbnBaHero HecflpaBe,urlIBo 3aBucI,I oT Tflx 14

3aTOBa CT,IIIO n, qe ClpaBeAJllIBOCTTa e JIeCHO HeIIIO. HO Hee TaKa; 3auloTo D\a ce cdilAxll[r cl'c cT,tlpyraTa Ha cT'ceAaIr IIa yAapHru'ro3l4 Ao Te6, u /Ia [a,4etll rIoAKy[, e JIecHo I4 eBt,B BJIaCTTa Ha qOBeK' HO 3a Ter3H' KOHTO Ca yCTpOeHI'ITaKa, qe Aa fo IIpaBflT, He e Hnro JIecHo, HI,ITO 3aBHcH or

API,ICTOTEA

Tsx. 15. flo no4o6eH HaqI,IH ce cMflTa olqe, qe,qa nogHaBalrlCnpaBe[JII{BHTe u HeCnpABe,4JIllBllTe HeIIIa He e Hettlo Mt -Apo, noHe)Ke HeulaTa, 3a KoI,ITo 3aKoHI{Te foBopflT, He eTpyAHo Aa ce pa36epar. Ho re He ca crpaBeAJIlaBure Helrla,ocBeH no cryqafiHocT, a ca cnpaBeAilvtBrt' KoFaTo rlo o[pe-AeJIeH HaqlIH ce H3BI,pIIIBaT 14 nO O[pe[eJIeH HAIILIH Ce

rrpaBH pa3npeAeJreHlte. Tosa e IIo-roJl'IMo AeJro oT ToBa AaSHae[I 3[paBocJIoBHUTe HeIrIa, fIoHe>I(e u TaM e JIecHo /Ia3Haelr Mela H BltHoro, I4 KyKyptKa, 14 n3raptHero, H rlope-3HaTa paHa , Ho no KaKT,B HaqI{H Tpt6Ba Aa ce npl4JlarftT crIeJI ,qa ce nocrldrHe 3,qpaBe, H Ha Koro, u Kora - r'|aKoBa

AeJro e roJrKoBa rpy,qHo, KoJIKOTo [a 6bAelrr JIeKap. 16.flopaAr,r roBa cM.srar, qe roBa He e no-MaJIKo npuct u1o HacnpaBeAJil,r Aa rlocrbnBa HecnpaBeArHBo, a AopI{ uo-Ao6pe Mo)Ke Aa HanpaBll BcflKo or re3n HeIrIa: n Aa cec6nuxn c qyxAa c'bnpyra, I,I Aa ygapl'l, u cMeJIHflT '4axBl,pJil,r rqlrTa, I,I KofiTo e o6bpHaJI rp:b6 Ha Bpara' Aaus6rrra. Ho la ce crpaxyBaur I,I Aa rlocrT,nBalil HecrlpaBel-JilrBo He e Aa npaBtrx re3H Heua (ocnen cryqailHo)' a

o3HaqaBa Aa npaBl4trr re3I,I HeIIIa TOqHo no ro3lt HaqHH'KOTaTO ITMaUI TOBa HpaBCTBeHO KaqeCTBO' Ct IUO KaKTO .[AJreKyBanr r,r Aa n3JIeKyBaIrI He e B ToBa ,qa pexeru vrn ila He

pe)Kerrr, Aa ,qaBaIIr qeJIe6HIn cpeAcTBa HJII'I Aa He AaBalrr' a AauMarrr onpe[eJreHo KaqecTBo. 17. flpanocbluero ce HaMI'I-pa y OHe3H' KOHTO Ca [pnqaCTHH Ka'M HetqaTa' KOI4TO Ca-6.rrara

caMH rro ce6e cv, Ho I,IMar H3JIlIurbK I'I Hegocrl{r. yHtKOIt HflMa lI3JIllIIlT,K OT TqX, KaKTO HalpI'IMep MOXe 6H ,

y 6oroBere, a y Apyril HqMa HuKaKBa qacr, Kotro Aa eIIOJIe3Ha - y Te3lr, KOHTO Ca HeIIonpaBLIMo Jloulltr- aBCUqKU Herrla I{M BpeAflT, 3a ApyrH nbK e B pa3JlnqHacreileH. flopa4ra roBa e u qoBeIrIKo [npanoclquero].

rirABA AECETA

Vlv,avre Aa roBopI,IM u 3a Ao6porara I4 3a Ao6poro, u KaK

lo6porara ce orHacfl KbM crIpaBeAJIHBocrra n,qo6poro.--- Kr,McnpaBeIJllrBoro.3auoro HaTe3H, KOHTO rH U3CJIeABaT, HI'ITO I'rM

n3rJrexlar rrpocTo cbuIHTe, HlITo nbK ca pa3JIHqHI{ nO pOAr I{KoraroxBiutHM [o6poTo, xBaJII,IM U qQBeKa, KOftTO.eraKbB, TaKaqe xBzrneftKvr v Apytlt HeIrIa, [peHacgMe KbM ,,Aoc)poAereJleH

126 t27

[uoner]", sa Aa n3scHr{M, qe [o6p[rrr ('ernerr{g) e no-4o6poge-TeJreH. A rron.sxora, Karo ce nplr,4bp)KaMe KbM AyMara, r,r3rJr9-xAa cTpaHHo, ue go6poro, npoTuBHo Ha cnpaBelJrr,rBoro, eHerr-lo, Koero 3acJry)KaBa ILa 6rge xnaleno. 3auloro vilvt c[paBe-IIJTHBOTO ne e 4O6pOnOprAr,qHO, HJrr.{ [O6pOTO He e C[paBeAJrH-BO, aKO e pa3Jrr,rqHo; uilvr aKo vt [BeTe ca no6ponoprgr'qHl,I, To Teca eI{Ho.}r cr,rqo. 2. Cne,4osareJrHo, 3arpy,uHeHuero BeposrHorIpoLI3TLIqa nopa,qlr Te3I'I He[Ia BT,B Bpl,3Ka c 4o6pOrO, HO

BCI,TI{KI,I TE3}I HEIIIA TIO HqKAKI,B HAqHH CA TIPABHJIHH H TTO HI,IqOHe cn [pornBopeqar. ,[o6poro e cnpaBeAJIuBo, IrIoM e rlo-go6po or onpe[eJreHo crrpaBeMHBo, Ho He no raKT,B HaqI4H, qe

/Ia e HflKaKbB Apyr poA, pa3Jrr.rqeH or cnpaBeAJrr,rBoro. cne,qosa-TeJTHO eAHO rn Cr,rqo ca cnpaBeAJrHBo r{ ,qo6po, rI oT TrIx ABeT9, -KoHTo ca AocponopxgruHr4 - rro-crJrHo e Ao6poro. 3. A cbMHe-HUeTO Ce Cb3[aBa OT TOBa, qe Ao6poio e cnpaBeAJIrIBoTo, Ho HeKa'ro 3aKoH, a KaTo rro[paBflHe Ha 3aKoHHoro rlpaBo. 4.Ilpwuu-Hara e, r{e BceKu 3aKoH Kacae o6uloro, Ho I,IMa Heqa, 3a KoHToHe e Bb3Mo)KHo [rofi] rpaBHJrHo Aa roBopl,r B o6lq BI,II. Crelo-rlareJrHo npH cryqauTe, K't,IIeTo e Heo6xoAr,rMo Aa ce roBopHo6rqo, a He Moxe Aa 6T,Ae rrpaBnJrHo, gaKoHT'T I4Ma rIpe.qBI,IITOBa, KOeTO e Hafi-qecro, He 6e3 Aa SHae TOBa, KOerO e norpe-urHo. tI raKa e He no-M:urKo npaBr,rJrHo. 3arqoro rpeurKara He eHuro B 3aKoHa, Hltro'B 3aKoHolareJlfl, a B ecrecrBoro.HaHerqoTo; 3aqoTo r{MeHHo raKaBa e MaTepr,r.flTa Ha [paKTuqec-Kr{Te Herrla. 5. CneAosareJrHo, KoraTo 3aKoHr,T e 3a o6qoro, aHerrlo craBa, [o.[Jte)Kaulo Ha 3aKoHa, Ho He Karo o6IIl cJryqaft,TOraBa rrpaBuJrHoro e AoKoJrKoro 3aKoHoAareJrrr Herrlo e [po-rrycHaJr I,l e crperur,rJr, roBopeftKu o6u1o, Aa nofipaBflT rrpoflycHa-TOTO, 3a KOeTO L 3aKOHO[aTeJIflT, aKO e IIpHCT,C'IBIUI TaM, 6I,IKa3aJr raKa, H aKo e sHaeJr, 6H crs,qar 3aKoH. 6. 3arosa [go6po-ro] e npano, u no-go6po or BcflKo npaBo, Ho He or a6contorsororrpaBo, qr,u{To rperuKa nABa oT ToBa, qe e o6qo. I4 l'ti,t, TaKaBae fiprrpoAara na 4o6poro - fioflpaBflHe Ha 3aKoHa B ToBa, BKoero Herrlo He My llocrr{ra [opaAn ToBa, qe roBopr.ro6nlo. Tagne rIpHqLIHaTa II 3a TOBa, qe He BCHqKr,r HeUIa Ce noAqlIHflBaT Ha3aKOHa - nOHe)Ke 3a HJ{KOI4 He e Bb3MO)KUO 4a 6rge CT'SAaAeH3aKoH, TaKa qe e Heo6xo4r,rMo B3eMaHe Hape[reHue c rJracyBa-ne. 7. 3anloro 3a Herrro HeonpegeJreHo r{ npaBnJroro e Heoilpe-AeJreHo, KaKTo oJroBo e KaHoHT,T B apxr{TeKTypara Ha Jlec6oc;KaKTO TO Ce [pOMeHfl fro QOprvrara Ha KaMbKa I,r He ocraBa Aa

c'bU-IeCTtsyBa KaHOH'L,1|, TaKa i4 pe[IeHileTo C rJlaCytsaHe e ts

3aBHcr4MocT oT HeuIaTa. 8. WTt'fr', KAKIIO e Ao6po'fo, il KaKBO e

cnpaueAJII{BOTO, n or Koe npaBocl,l[I4e e no-[o6po' e trcHo' Aox'IyK e ,IcHo 4"KaKa'"B-c", q6p-u'fl:r" To3H' KofiTo e cKJroHeH Aa

np.,?r.:!r*_g:g--gp 3a raKr{Ba Heua u Aa rI4 l43B1,purBa, n KofiTo. e He

criiioio cilpatseAJllrB, c Koe'I'o Aa [paBH Jlotuo, a e cKJIoHeI{ Aa

orcTbrrr4, MaKap u v]MAi KUno,{Kpella"a Ha 3aKOHa' roii e go6r.p'

lf"ffntlf xa.recTBo e go6pora, KOSTO e HtlKaKIla CrrpaBe,4[_]IBocT

14 I{ 9 Hf K AKB O,p.AJI!.!{St{o'or "H-e'I-.Ka,Hect'B o.

[JIAB,A' EATIHAABCETA

,[a;rn e Ba'3Mo)KHo rtflKofi caM K'bM ce6e cu Aa rlocrbnBaHecilpaBeAJ]lrBo, e flcHo or Ka3aHlfre Heula. E4ua uacr olcrpaBe,[,rlHBox'o e oHoBa' Koero e ycraHpBglg ()3, 9a59H1- lcrilacue c Bc.fiKa Ao6polerel, KaKro HanpuMep' 3u*q,1l1lf3a[oBflABa qoBelK Aa ce caMoy6ugi a Heulara, Kpnro He SanqBq-

nu", toita6palulBa. 2.|/L oue, Koraro Hsroff nplrurauaua BpeA3

lporlrB 3aKoHa, 6es ga e fipe'rr'pnflJl,BpeAa' a llo cBorl Bo.Jlfl'rrol4

rocllsnBa HecrIpaBeAJIuBo' a cavroy6ueqlr rlo cBorr nonn [upu-qrrHrBa npegal, snaeitxu u ua Koro; I4 ito xaKr,s HaqI'IH P,pehu,wKofiTo nopagu.rrrnr y6ue ce6e cI4' IIo cBolt BoJII [paBI4 ToB-a

rrpoTlrB 3ApaBHt{ pasy}t{. A rosa gaxoFrbr He rIo3BOJItsa' 3'

Ch "uon

ut"i xo noitthrra HecrlpaBeAn uno. Ho rcv ro-ro?,( a.nu

Kr,M Ar'pxaBaTa, a He KbM ie6e cu? 3auloro go6pononHo

crpaAa? a uurofi He rr,prlll HecnpaBeruIllBocr ^rlo cBofl Bo.I.Ifl'

3a'rosa H .qr'pxaBata rb naxa3Ba' It HtKaKBo 6esqecrue ce

orpe)K,qa Ha ro3ll, xoilro e yHHII-Io)KI'I1 ce6e c4, Karo Ha raKbBz

roitro e [ocrr,rII4JI HecrIpaBeAJI]IBo rlo orHolxeHI4e HaAbpxatsa-ra. 4. ?I orqe, cr'o6pasno npaBllJloro' rosn, xofito Bbprul4

HecnpaBeAJIItBocr, e rlpocro HecrlpaBeA.[us- Ho rofi He g*ta-e-qalo

Jlolu' 3aIqOTO He e Br|lM.oXBq-Aa LIQCT'bnBA HeC[paBelJIHBo-KbMcawtnce6e bn. Toiia e AosoA, pa3JInqeH or oH3rI [npegrurHltt].B onpegenen curacur HecrIpaBeAJIvrr.HflT e rIoKBapeH Karo crpa-xJIHBr4t, Ho He Karo ro3u' xofiro Hocu q-flrara Hec[paBeAJIIt-Bocr, TaKa ve ue cto6pa3Ho c Hefl nocrt,[Ba HecnpaBeAJI[IBo.Bnpoveu eAHo Ii cr'Irlo 3a nero 6u 6uro etrnospeMeHno IIaOTCTT,ilH I{ Aa HaCT:bIIH' HO TOBa e HeB'b3MO)KHO' a BI'IHATH nO

Heo6xognuocr cTIpaBeIJIItBOTO I'r HecnpaBeAJI I4BOTO CT,ITIeCTBy-

Bar Mcxgy noBerle xopa. 5. 14 oure roBa' Koero ce npaBl4go6pononrio u cbrJlacHo cb3HareJleH us6op, craBa I'I [o-paHo-

t28 129

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA . KHUTA V

3auoro HrKofi, cJreII Karo e rroHecrrJl Iuecupaeelnunocr], xora-'ro rpaBlr c'brrloTo B oTroBop, He ce cquTa, qe nocT'bnRa Hecnpa-BeAJrr,rBo, a [carnro raxr'n] roi,iro cilptMo ce6e cu cr,rqure [Hec-[paBe1Jrnr]nl neula erHoBpeMeHHo 14 IIoHacn, vr uzs'r'putaa. l/I'r"r,ii, no cBorr roJrrr 6n npe:rr'prurJl HecrIpaBe/UII,rBocT. 6. C)cnenl'OBa H3B1,H HeCrIpABe[JIV{LBI{T9 ilOCf"bIIKH

- OCB€H B O'IIIOJIHI4

cryqil" - nnxoft HO rrocfirnlla HecnpaReAJrHBo: .HtIKofi He

rrp-enro6ogeiicrsa cr,c co6crseHara cn cr,nppa, niaro Kpa,uecrJoure Heua. I4so6u1o uoc'fl)IrBaHero HecnpancAnnBo KT,M

ce6e cu ce npelleHflBa cr,o6pa3Ho c otlpe,&eJleHnero, [roeroAaAoxMel, ue.ncexu [QHacfl HectIpaBeAJI]IBocr rlo cBotr l]ors".7. M rtii, flcHo e, qe H IIIlere Helqa ca rolnrt - t4

^?r noHacflIrl

HecnpaBeIIJrHBocl" H I{a noc'rbnBaul HecIrpaBeAJIttBo. 3arqotoe,{HoTo t'IMa IIo-MiUIKo o'f cpeAI{HaTa' a [pyroTo 1 nopele'KaKTo 3gpaBero B JleqttreJlcKo't'o n3KycrBo u no6para yrpilKHe-Hocr B rr.rMHacrlrKara. O6aqe Aa ce H3Br,pruBa Hec[paBegr'It-BocT e ilo;JlOmoi 3arqOTO /[a cc tt3Bt'pIIIBa HecnpaBelJIlIBoCT ecl]l,psaHo c nOpoqHOcT n SacJlyxaBa lKOp:- lliln e [bJIHaTa ua6conryrHa nopoqHocr, vtntu c 6rragxar:a [o Her (eauloro He

BcrKo go6ponorHo Helqo e cBtp3ano c Hec[pane,Utl4Bocrra), a

lla Tlpnnru Hec[paBeAnilBocT He e cBbp3aHo c nopoqHocT lIHec[paBeAJr4gg_cr:,.8_. Cauo no ce6e cu, cJleAoBareJIHo' Aa ceTbpIII4 9"flo:ri,r-arlrO nouro, a HHIUO He [pe[flTCTI]a ToBa Aa.6rAerro-roJrflMa 3nuHa rrpu cTeqeHue Ha o6crotreJlcrBa'fa. Ho tonaHe e npeAMer Ha rpuxa Ha r{3Kycrr}oro. fl.nespu'rtr ce cMtra 3arro-onacHa 6o.necr or paHrrBaHero; Bce IIaK ce cryqBa nowlKoraBToporo Aa 6rAe rro-onacHo, aKo ce cnyqu ro3lr, KofiTo e 6unyAapeH, nopaffl rIaAaHeTo [a 66Ae xBaHar oT BparoaeTe H Aayrvrpe" 9. Ypes vre:rarlopa H [lo eAHaKBocr Moxe Aa ce Ka)Ke, qe

rrpaBo'xo Moxe Aa cbulecrByBa y H.flKoro He rlo orHoIIIeHI4e Hacav,vr. Hero, a 3a HnKon qacrll lxa gyura'ral, Ho He BcffKo npaBo,a rocnoflapcKo'ro r.rJu{ ceMeilHo'ro. B re3n Halru o6scHeHruruMarrlara pa?y!4]r-acr Fa Aylrrara I pa3AeaeHa o'r JlntueHaTa orpa3yM. Kr'u'rsx ruleAa'r H cMfl'rar, qe cbuecrByBa HecflpaBe/l-Jrr,rBocT no oTHoIUeHHe Ha caMnrl qoBeK, fioHexe B Ttr( Mo)Ke [ace r{scrpalla Helrlo Bl,npexu co6crseHHTe xeJIaHH'. Taxa ue,B[porreM, n qacl'HTe Ha llylrraTa npaBoTo t] oTHolueHl{e eAHacflprrMo Apyra e Herqo Karo orHoureH]tero Mex4y ro3H, xoiiropbKollo[n 14 To3r4, KofiTo ce noAtIItHtBa. 10. v[ rlfi, noorHorrreHr,re Ha cnpaBelJrHBocTTa H ApyrI4Te HpaBcTBeHLIgo6po4ereJrH, HeKa no ro3!r HanHH 6rge o6.acHeHo.

APUCTOTEA

KH'TIA VI

TJIABA TIbPBA

flosexe ro-rope raeaxrure(1), ue rpa6sa ga ce us6upacpeAr.{HaTa, a He [BeTe xpafinocru 11 unro I'I3BbHpe,4Horolrvroro, Hlrro I4SBbHpeAHo MaJIKO'fO, V qe rfl e oHoBa'Koero 3ApaBlIfT pa3yM rIpeI[ItcBa, To HeKa cera pa3tcHI'IMToBa no-ToqIro. Cpen BcI,IqKI,I crloMeHaru' KaKTo It cpelApyrr{Te Inecnorvreiarure], oco6eHocru Ha xapaKTepa 14 Ma

eAHa qeJr, nacoqsaftrra rrolJleA KT'M Koqro pa3yMHu.flT tlo-BeK Hanp.flra I{ orrlycKa cBoI,ITe cunu(Z); HMa cblrlo raKanSBecTHa rpaHI,Iqa Ha cpe,qHHLrrg'.3a Koqro Ka3axMe, tt" 1"HaMI,Ipa Me)Kly I'I3BbHpeIHo MaJIKoTo LI tl3BbHpeAH-o lgJlff-Moro I{ e B cborBercrBue cbc 3ApaB[fi pa3yM. 2- Taau

Qoprury.nnpoBKa e BflpHa' Ho He e nnrcdr flcHa. Ta u s

ApyrI,ITe AeftHoctpr, 3a KoIiITo I{Ma HayKa' e BtpHo [a cerbxe, qe He rpx6na [a ce noJlarar HI'ITo I'I3BI HpeAHoroJIeMH, HI4TO I{3BbHpeAHo MaJIKH ycvllvfl, a Aa ce cfla3BacpeALrHara n [ucuuro [a ce fipaBu rara],.xaKTo 3ApaBI'Isrpa3yM [peAnI,IcBa. HancruHa' aKo nxxofi IrMa caMo roBa3HaHne, He 6n 6nn no-vtt,Abp, KaKTO HarIpI4Mep KoraroqoBeK TILITa KaKBI,I JreKapcrBa ga ynor:pe6l4 3a TflJIOTO CI'I pI

Hqroft My Ka)Ke ,,KaKBI,ITo 1Plnryrc.9a re're6Hoto H3KycrBor! TogI{, rofiro ro nnageett. 3. Tlft Karo ryK roBopHM 3a

csoftcrsara Ha [yrrrara, He caMo HcrlIHHo rpn6ra Aa Ka-)KeM 3a BcI4qKo, Ho I{ [a olpeAeJI]IM' KOe e SApaB pa3yM I'l

, KaKBr4 ca rpaHl,Iqrre Ha roBa rroHflTue- 4- 14 r:tfi-,.uci6poAe-TeJr nre H a Aylrrara p asr I,t qLIxMe, Ka-To Ka 3 axvre (3)-*e-eAH H

ca Ha HpaBar a-Apy;u - H?-ULIc,b-ITg(4)- O6crarlxMe erl4-

iqecKfite go6pogeretu, a 3a oclraHanure - cJIeA Karo 3a

,'Ayutata Ka3axMe no-rope - qe Ka)KeM rro cJIeAHlrfl HarlIlH'

5. flo-Hanpe[ 6e xasaHo, qe qacrllre Ha .[yluara ca ABe -eAHara uMaIrIa pa3yM, a Apyrara - Hepa3yMHa, Cera rpn-6sa [a ce pa3qcHlt no ctrqn.r HaqHH qacrra' uMaIrIa pa3yM'Hera ilpneMeM Kaao ocHoBa, qe ItMa gre uactu, npuTexa-BAIIII4 PA3YM: EAH ATA' TIPES KO'IT9--P.'A3TJIEXA&MC TAKIIBA'Herrlar quuro HaqaJIa ea neuguetrHlL a Apyr*Ta -

qpe3

Korrro pa3rJrexAar"re ($eop6ro) onean, KoI'ITo Morar [a6rgar rto Ap]ll HaqI,IH! Ha pas.nuuHnre HeIrIa orronaptr

130 13l

HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA - KHL{TA Vt ETE

paSJrnqHl,r qacTu Ha AyrrraTa, BctKa oiT Kq-r,rTo e rrpHcnoco-6ena rurvr.--gtos-:-o5eKT: Te rro3HaBar cBor,rre o6erru nocuilara "nb nogo6raero r,rJrlr cxolcrBoro cr{ c rnx. 6. HeraeAHara or rrx ce Hapr,rqa cnoco6na _I-a.snae' a ,qpJ_raTA -c n o c o 6 Lr-a- A g- p gg,u g-qr-i1nB-.*- ( l;d,"rli 6v), 3 a ur o r o r a o 6 rnr n -

cnrur (pooledeo0ar) r ga pascsxlaBalrr (X,cryf[eo0ct) eeAHo l{ cbrrlo Herqo. BcrrqHocr, Hnxofi se o6prxc.nfl Herrla-ra, routo He Morar ga 6rga:r no Apyr Ha.qfi-H. W rtit,cnoco6sara [a pa3cbxAaBa qacr Ha tryrrlara e eAHara qac'ror HMarrlara pasyM qacr Ha Aylrara. 7 . VI taxa, tpr6oa gace pas6epe xoe e Hafi-Ao6por:o ravecrBo Ha BcflKa or resl,tqacrta, rrfi raro uMeHHo ro e ,qo6porereJlTa Ha BcflKa, a

4o6pogereJrra ce [poJ{BflBa cro6pa:Ho cr,c co6crseHoro fiAeJro.

IJIABA BTOPA

Tpr,r ca HeIIIara B Aylrrara, Kor4To ca BaJIIIAHH 3a rloc-Tr' n Kar a n vc,lr wnat ai yc.ieurau,% XS-I.I prp.e. t'vrex (5_) 2.. O r rsxTpr,rre ycerqaue e,:".He. ..9. r.r-ai+4Jro Ha- Hr4Ka-I(Ba nocrbnKa.flcno e, qe roBa e raKa, noHe)Ke )Kr,rBorHlrre, B'b[peKH rrelrMar yceqaHvrfl,, HrMar Hnrr1o o6uro c [ocTbnKara. flojHaTaTbK, OHOBa, KOeTO B MHCI,JITa e IIOTB'bpXAaBaHe fiorpnq4,He, .B crpeMe)Ka e [pecJre,qBaHe'*I,r'6xrcrso: TrfiKaroerrqecxarg;Xg_6p,o21919rr_e_r(4g9cr.p*o:I-o_,e-:on_gA{.-ef }rn a ct' sr{aTe-a e n :11 Qo_p,--qdr eH a'r e l -g r,rn r u r 6tip e crp eM e >r(,

B pe3ynrar:ra xoriT.q-e-e-"pg-e_yar perrreHut, To nopaAl4 ToBarpx6na pa3yMbr ga 6rge ucriifien-n:cIpeM.c8bir ,[a 6rAenpaBHJreH, axo raso6rqd crgnarenHra.flr rag6op e 4o6pouo-prAbqeH r,r pa3yMT,T Ka3Ba oHe3n Herrla, KoltTo cTpeMexbTnpecJreABa.Wrtit, TaKaBa Mucr'Jr v t4crrra ca cBT,p3aHI,I cnocrbnKl{Te. 3. A 3a reoperr,rqHara Mr,rcr,JI, Korro He ecBbp3aHa Hr,rro c rreg1lnKllqg, Hrrro c rnbpuecroto, Ao6-poTo r,r SJroTo .ca lircTr}J.a! r,r nr,xa, 3arqoro treJro Ha Bcf KonehtL-c-noeo6-HO Aa v,rcrn, Ha qacrra, cBT,p3aHa c nocrr,-IIKuf e r{ Mr.rcJr eHero, e_ HcrHH ara, cr, JJr 4cyBa[qiL€e_A .Ir-Ra-B4r,Hn{*qpeMelr- 4. W' Tbft, Haqaio na noelux411a"ecrsHaT qnira.ar --*s6rp(6) - Haqaro, orKr,rero 3a[oqBaABr4lre.Hr,tero, a He oHoBa Inpnuuuara],-rropa4n.Koero He-IrIO CTaBa

- A CTpeMe)KbT H pa3Cbx,qeH_r{eTO, HMarrIO HrKa-

APUCTOTEA

KBa rIeJI, e HaqaJlol'o Ha cb3HarerHl'rt{ I'I36op. Tara qe Huro6es yvr LI MI.IcJIeHe; HHTo 6es^Hpanc'rBeHo KaqecrBo' Mo)Ke

xa plvra ct,3HaTeJlen us6op. 3auoro ycflexa'T B llocTbnKa-Ta, KaKTO H npOTHBOIIOJIOXHOTO Mlr, He CT'qeCTByBaT B

rrocrbnKaTa 6es IVIucneHe H HpaB. 5. cartaoro MHCJTeHe He

.qBlr)KI,r HI'IUIO Apyro, a caMo TaKoBa MtrcJleHer KoeTo IlMa

uefl u e [paKTuqecKo, noHe)Ke 14MeHHo To pbKoBoAIn TBop-q6crara MHcr,JI. 3auloro BceKH' xofiro npaBl4 Heuro' ronpaBu 3apaAI'I H9[to; u TBoptlsglBoTo e llea Hq H3oOuIo' a

e qeJr Ha nnxoro [ronrpernol u e rlo oTHo[IeHI{e H.a HeIIIO

[xoHrperHo]. O6aue 3a AeficrBrero He e raKa' 3aqoro ryKqelta e floryqaBaHero Ha 6lara qpe3 llocrbnKr'I' a crp.-eMe-

)KT,T e HacoqeH KbM He'I. 3arosa cb3HaTeJIHIqtT I'I36Op e

r,rJrlr cTpeM.fl[I ce yM, ]IJII'l ocMI'rcJIeH c+pervrd6-?"*1raKoBa-'HaqaJro e qoBeKbr. 5. He rnroxe ua ce B3eMe Karo up-gnMerHa cb3Hareleu n:6op HeI[o seqe 6uro' KaKTo nurofi ne

B3eMa peueHl4e Aa pa3pylrn Vfr,uou,3auroro "" 9"tt:y11peureHl4fl 3a HeIIIa, Koltro Beqe ca craHaJln, a lcaMoi 3a

6r,AeIqu I,I 3a raKI,IBa' !!ou'ro Morar Aa craHlrl {:IT"cTaHaJloro B MHHaJIOTO He MO)Ke Aa craHe HecryquJro ce'3arosa Araron(7) ilpaBIIJIHo Ka3Ba:

,,IrI Eor AopH JrHmeH e caMo or roBa,BcI,IqKo cJryqLIJIo ce [a HarlpaB]r Aa ne e 6ulo't'

CreAosarenuo, ""t"*tara e Aeroro Ha ABere cnoco6nn

[a MucJrflT qacrl,I Ha llyu]ara(8). I4 tlfi, sa ABere qacrngo6pogereilv ca re3H cBoficrBa' cflopeA KoI4To BcflKa qacr

"67-go6pe roBoPI{ rlcrHHara.

IJIABA TPETA

ItI rr,it, HeKa naK Aa roBopllM 3a re3rl HgIIIa' c KoltrosarroqHaxMe rlo-rope. Hera 6lgat rrer Ha 6pofi neqara,qpe3 KOI4TO Ay[Iara roBopu HcTr'IHaTa rlocpgficrBol\,f noT-B'bp)KAaBaHe H orput{ano1e;. Te ca: -{?Kycreo(10),

nay-xa(t t;, pa3cr,AnllBocr, Mr,^pocr, yvr(12); sauoro B IrpeA-IIOJIOxeHHeTo lI MH9H[9TO e BT'3MOXHO Iy[IaTa Aa Ce

sa6ny,4n. 2. VI arco rpa6na [a ce roBopll ToqHo' a [a He ce

"n"giut [nrHrnunre] cxogcrna, ro xarno e uayxara(13)cTaBa gcHo oT cJIeAHoTo: Bc[IqKlI HI{e cMtTaMe' qe ToBa'Koero 3HaeM qpe3 HayKara, He Mo)Ke [a 61,Ae rlo-'lpyrHaqHH, a Koraro Hetqara, Koltro Morar [a ca no eEIIH VtIIr4

t32 133

Apyr HaqI4H, OcTaBaT LI3BarH pa3rJIexAaHe OT HaIIla CTpaHa,TO He MOXeM Aa KaXeM, ,4aJII4 Te CblIIeCTByBilT, I,i.JtVr-P.e. ITaKa, [peAprgT]r-'T.H,a HayKara cbuecrByBa rto ugg6xoAt'I:Mocr! CreAosareJlHo e BeqeH, 'rt,fi xaro BcfitrKo cl,ulecr-uynatllo no seo6xo[HMocT,.cr,ilIccrByRa nso6u(o I{ e BgqIIo,a BeqHure Herqa Huro ce pax,qar, Hrrro 3aruB ar.3; W cbIIIoBcrKa nayxa, In3fJIexIIa, qe Moxe ga 6t ge npefio,[aBaHa, alpeAMer Ha HayKara e roBa, Koero Mo)Ke 1a 6r'ge uayqeHo.Bcnxo yqeiug npol43aI,I3a or H3yqeHnre ro-paHo HeIrIa,KaKTo Ka3BaMe rr B,,AHaJrI{'ruxu"(14); B e4,I,rH cnyvafi upesrrHlyKqHr, s [pyr -

qp93 c]IJIoru3bM - W m'fi IdHAy{q41lTae rrprr H rl r{ J.r,13 _q6 rqnre cr,>t(,4eH H-fl , a cr,I Jr o r}l3 MbT Tpr, rB a oTT93H C',rr)K[eHr.rfl. creAonar:eJrHo, uMa npHHII[tIIu, oT KOIITOce Hgsex/i6"tjranorrasNtlbr, HO cInJIorH3Mr,T He e 3a rffx,cJrenoBareJrHo re ce noJlyqaBar rrpe3 l,tH,{yKqn.q. 4. W rrit,Hayxara(15) e cuoco6Hec'r 3a AoKa3BaHe I,I ocBeH ToBa HMan [pyrn qepru, KoHTo yrotlHuxMe B ,,AHaJtl,lrurut'(16).3arqoro Kotaro rlo HffKaKT,B HaqItH qoBeK e y6egen Lr ca Mync)3Haru npnHrlr{rrHTe, TOraBa rofi nna4ee HayKaTa. A aroca My u3BecrHr,r caMo Karo Lr3BoE, ToraBa roft rqe BJIaleecnyuaftno(17) nayrara. Ta HeKa rlo ro3l,r HaqrrH onpeAe-JrlrM rllo e HayKa.

TJIABA TIETBbPTA

B onona, Koero Moxe ga 6rge u no Apyr HaqItH, uMaHerrlo, Koero e riiopvecrn, n Apyro, Koero e ttpaKTHqecKo,H Ca paSJrlt.qHer-reriia rBopqecrtsoro. H rrocTbrlKilra. 2- 3aTe3n Herqa ce l(oBepflBaMe Ha cbql{HeHnt{ra(18) 3a rlo-urlrpoK Kpr,r. Taxa qe lr cBT'p3aHoro c pa3yMa KaqecrBo,HaCO-IIeHO-JabM IIOCTTTflKH' e pagJILIqHO OT CBtpSaHOTO C

pa3yMa KaqecrBo, HacoqeHo Kr,M TBopqecrBo. 3aroea uIBeTe He ce cbIIl,p)KaT eUHo B Apyro' 3auloTo HI'ITo_ll9cT1,-rrKaTa e rBopqecTBo, I{l,lTo TBopqecTBoTo e nocrlnxa. 3.Ho uoHexe crpor4'reJrcrBoro e HflKaKBo usrycrnb n roCaMOTO e HqKaKBO TBOpq9CKO KaqeCTBO' CBl,p3aHO C pa3y-Ma, r{ rroHexe HrrMa Hr,rTo eAHo }I3KycTBo, Koero Ia He eCBTrp3aHO CtrC C1,)KA€HI'I€TO U Aa He e TBOpq9CKO KaTIeCTBO'HT,ITO I{Ma TaKOBa KaqeCTBO, KOeTO Aa He e HSKyCTBO, TOeAHo r.r cbrqo ue 6rAar H3KycrBoro r4 TBopqecKoro.Kaqe-crBol clbp3aH-o c ,Icrr{HHoTo c1')K[eH]re. 4. flo-nararrx,

APT,dCTOTEA

BcflKo r,r3KycrBo InMa HeIrIo o6tqo c Bl,3HlIKBaHero lI c roBag a 6_14-9lg*gs-Ey"gq H, .4 A L p"q1q-4p 3rr 5

a K" .q

r, 3- 11

H-K B a H t K o e o rH erl ?T.a ? K_o ll T-o_ --Y-o t-4T. .aa "c"-F ue gTPyIr-aT. I{.:4 H H e, 14 q I{ e r oHaqaJro e B TBopeqa, a He B ToBa, KoeTo ce TBopH; HLITO nT'KH3KyCTBOTO e npllCT'IIIO Ha C1iUleCTByBaIqHTe LI Bl,3HlIKBa-rIIt{Te no Heo6xoAHMocT HeIIla, HuTo Ha Te3I't, KoItTo cr,IrIe-CTB}Ba'f H BT,3Ht'IKBaT OCT9CTB9HO' 3aUOTO Te UMaT HAqa-no n carraure ce6e cu. 5. A IIIoM TBopqecrBoro I{ nocrt,flKa-TA Cn pa3rnqHu Helqa, To no Heo6xoAHMocr H3KycrBoronpI{HAA,JtexI4 Ha TBOpqeCTROTO, a He Ha [OC'Ta'[KaTA"WilOHflKaKbB HaqI{H cJlyqa-tT H }rSKycTBOTo ce oTHactT KbMe.[,HI4 LI cr,IrlH Henla; KaKTo Ka3Ba u AraroH(19):

,rl4sxycrnoro cJlyqar o6nva,r,r cJryqarr - 143syg1g61'9."

Wrsil, rr3KycrBoro, KaKTo 6e ra:ano, e HtKaKBo rBop-qeCKO KaqeCTBO' CBT'p3aHO C HCTHHHOTO CbX,[eHI4e; a He-r{3Kyc:rBoro, Koero e nporl,IBorIoJIoxHo Ha Hero' e HtKaKBoTBOpqecKo cBoftcrBo, Ho cBT,p3aHo c JII,)KJII',tBO Ct'XAeHI'Ie'o6aqe I4 ABere llMar orHOIrIeHHe KbM Helrlara' KollroMOraT Aa ca no e,qltH I,IJII,I Apyr HaqI'IH.

IJIABA TIETA

A pa:cr,glr4Bqcrra(20) ue cxnaHeM, cJIeA Karo cMep ae 6p ir ri, rb il [xopa] s ap r.r q auq p-a3c-trruu{B n - I4s rn e;rg a,qe Ha.-Pa3c_?D,JttrBnn e npHcr,[lo Aa Mo)Ke [o6pe [a B3eMaperrtelirit-ga Henlara, Kolrro ca 3a Hero 6lara n rIoJIe3Hn, H

TO He KOHKperHo, KaTo HarlpltMep: Koe e rIoJIe3Ho 3a3ApaBero vt cvraTa, a o6ulo - KoI{ ca Helrlarar 3a'Aa ce)KHlee 4o6pe. A qorasareJlcTBoro 3a roBa e, qe pa3yMHI4TeHaplrqaMe TaKa rlo OTHQIITeHI{e Ha Helqo' KoraTo paSGb)K-

AaBaT Ao6pe, 3a Aa rIocTI,lrHaT Aocrofiua Ue4 IIpH Helrlara,KOr{TO rle Ce AocrHrar. qpeS u3Kycrno. cneloBaTeJlHo,pa3c:bAJrr,rB n3o6rqo ue 6ble ro3I,I, KOiiTO e qI!Q-'C0-6,9II AaBseMa pe[reHnfl. 3. A suxofi He B3eMa pelneHllfl 3a Helqara,KOI,ITO He MOraT Aa Ca nO Apyr HaqI'rH' HITTO 9a Te3I{, KOLITO

He Morar Aa 6lAar usBI,plIIeHu or Hero; TaKa qe, aKoHayKaTa e cBbp3aHa c [oKa3BaHe, a 3a HeIrIaTa, qvrvtTo

rrpr.rHrllrnn MoraT aa ca no eAnH HJIIT [pyr HaqI'IH, HtMa[oKa3areJrcTBo, (3alqoro e Bb3MoxHo BCI'IIIKH HeUIa Aa calr no Apyr HaqI4H I4 HsMa B3eMaHe Ha pellreHl'tt 3a HeIIIara,

134 t35

cbrrlecrByBarrlH rro Heo6xoAr,rMocr:), ro pa3cr,AJrHBocrraHrMa ,{a 6r[e snro HayKa, Hlrro H3KycrBo; He e HayKanopaAr,r ToBa, qe Herrlo Mo)Ke ,qa ce Lr3Bbprrru IIo eAr,tH fiJrr,r

Apyr HaqHH, a H3KyCTBO He e, rroHe)Ke poAbT Ha TBopqec-TBOTO H rrOCTt'rIKaTa e pa3JIuIIeH. cneAOAareJIHO, OCTaBapa3c6AJrr{l}ocrra Aa 6rge ucrLIHHo, HacoqeHo KbM rrocrt -rrKaTa, KaqecTBo, cBr,p3aHo c pa3yMa H 3aHuMaBarrlo ce cHeulara, rouro ca 6Jrara r{ gJtHHt 3a rroBeKa; 3arrloro rleJrraHa'rBopqecTBoTo e paSJruqHa oT caMoTo Hero, a Ta3rr HaIrocrbrrKara- He e.5. flopagr,r roBa cqlrraMe,qe llepurtlra nolo6nr,rre Ha Hero ca pa3cr,[JlI,IBI,I, floHexe Mofar [apae6rapar Herrlara, Kotrro ca 6lara .3a caMHTe rflx u gaxopara; cMflTaMe, qe raKr,rBa [xopa] ca cnoco6Hu Aa ceCIIpaBflT C pt KOBOAeHe Ha AOMaKHHCTBO I,t Ha AT,pXaBa.Orryr u 6narop-agyyrdelo Hapr4qaMe c roBa HMe, noHe)Kecr,xpaHflBa pa3cbAJrltBoclra(21). 6. A ro cbxpaHflBa upel-cTaBaTa; :auloro'y,[oBoJtcTBHeTo H cTpaAaHr,reTO He pA3py-IrraBaT BctKa IIpeACTaBa, HHTO g H3OnaqaBaT, KaKTO Ha-npr,rMep [rasu], qe rphbrr,JrHr4K],T vua vrvt HflMa :orlvt,paBHr,r Ha ABa npaBpr; ToBa pa3pyrrraBaHe r,r lrsorraqaBaHecraBa c rrpegc'raBLrre, cBbp3aHI4 c rrocrr,nKara. Bcnrqnoct,lpr4Hrln[r,rTe Ha [ocTl,rrKrrTe ca Tc3[r, 3apalH KoI,tTo Te ceu3BbprxBaT; Ho 3a [oKBapeHUTe OT yAOBOJTCTBHe H.Jru CTPA-,4aHHe, ilplrHrlurrbT.BeAHara.cTaBa HerceH H Cbrrlo TOBa, qerpn6ra 3apa4n Hero u qpe3 Hero 1a ce r.rs6lapa n usar,puruaBcrKo Herrlo. Haucrnna, nopoqHocrra e rlr6eaHa ga npr{H-Ilufia. Taxa qe no neo6xoglrMocl. pa3c.r,AJrr.rBocrra e vc-Tl/t-q{o KarIecTBo, cB'bp3aHo c pasyMa H ilpeArroJrar.arUonoclL-lrxia, HacoqeHn Kr,M qoBe[rxure 6lara. 7. Ho scenar 4o6po,4ereJrra e npucr,qa ua raerycrBoro, a Ha pa3cb-lJrr,rBocrra ue e. W xoii.ro B lt3KycrBoro rperxr4 rro cBogBoJrq, e [peAnoqr4TaH, a B pacbAJrlrtsocrra e o6parnoro, ucl,IIIo r4 npr.r go6poAereJluTe. cnegorareJrHo qcHo e, qepascbAJr r{B ocrra e."HJrKaKB a [o6poger:en, a H e u3Kyc r yo (22).8. .{oxo.nxoro cr,ulecrByBar [Be qacTH Ha Ayrrrara, r,rMa[lupa3yM, pa3cb.AJrnBocrra rqe 6r,ge go6po4ereJr Ha eAHara -Ha.*Ta3Lr;*-KOAtO 4aba :MHeHUe, [OHe)Ke n MHeHHeTO, Itpa3cbAJtItBocTTa, ca cBT,p3aH[I C TOBa, KOeTO MO)Ke .qa e IIOeEnH vJtri Apyt Haqr,rH. Ho nce naK pa3cr!.rlJrtrBocrra He ecaMo KaqecTBo, cBT,p3aHO C pa3yMa, I,t AOKa3aTeJrcTBO 3aToBa e, qe raKona KaqecTBo Moxe ga 6tge 3acernaro or

ir.Il APLICTOTEA

3a6paBara, a pa3cbAJIuBocTra

IJIABA TIIECTA

,[oxo.nroro HayKara e cxBalrraHe 3a 061110T0 I'I 3a Herlra-Ta, KOTITO CT,rqecrByBar IIo Heo6xoAlIMocr, a uMa ilpr'{HqI't-frr{, or KoHTo fipoll3xoxAa l]cflKa [pyra HayKa' (:aqoroHayKara cJrellBa pa3c'b)KAeHltero)' To nl)lIHItt{rIT,T Ha rlpe-AMeTa Ha HayqHOTO 3HaHI4e He ce OTHaCfi HHI'O KT'M HayKa-Ta, HHTO KbM HSKyCTBOTO' HI{TO KI,M pa3CT'IUIHBOCTTa'Haucruua, npe1Merbr Ha HayKara Moxe Aa 6'LAe AoKa3aH'a r{3KycTBOTO H pa3CT'ItJIHBocrTa cJlyqafiHo ca cB'bp3aHu-cHeIqaTa, KOuTo MoIaT IIa ca llo eAItH IIJTLI Apyr HaqHH' I'{'.

AOpH M1,[pOCTTa HfMa Bp'b3Ka C Te3u HeLIIa' noHexe Ha

MbIlpHfl e npI{CT,UlO Aa I{Ma /{OKa3ATeJICTBO 3a HTKOI'I HeUla'2.IA- rtitt, aKo re3u Helqa, 6laro4apeHtae Ha KoHTo AocrI'I-raMe I,tcTnHaTa u HuKora He ce JIbxeM 3a HeuaTa' KoI'IToHe Morar rrJIIt /lopH Morar .4a ca no eAnH IIJII'I Apyr HaqI4H'Ca 14 HayKaTa' lI pa3cbI(JII'lBOcTTa' I'l M'1,/IpoCTTar H y-MT"I, a

aKo or Tflx l'pl{Te (tpure HapHqaM Pa3CbAJII4Bocrra, Hay-KaTa, Mb,qpocTTa) HI,IKOff He MOXe [a e cB'Lp3aHa c Haqara-Ta, To ocraBa yMbr(23) Aa I,tMa o6rqo c [pHHqI4IrI4Te.

TJTABA CEIMA

Mrgpocr(24) n usrycrBara- npnnncBaMe Ha re3n' Koll-To ca Haii-ToqHu B lt3KycTBoro cH' KaKTO HapuqaMe Ol,r-Elaf^(zs) Mbfirrp KaMeHoAeJIeq, H fIoJI14Krer - Mt Abp cKyJI-IITop(26), Karo B Te3I4 cJlyqau He osHaqaBaM-e._Karq---M-r,.4-pocT HLrrlto Apyro, ocBeH AoopoAeTeJITa' rlpl4cl,ula Ha ?I3Ky-crBoTo. 2. Ho cMtTaMe, qe HMa HtKol4, KoItTo -ca MbApu B

06lrl cMl,rc'br(27\, a He M'blpt{ B Henlo orAeJIHo HJIU He BHfl KaKbB l{py[' cMHct,Jl, KaKTo Ka3Ba 0*rrap B,, Maprnr" (28):

,,EoroBete He ca ro HanpaBlIJILl Hl,lro 3a opaq'HuTo 3aKOrIAq,

Hr,rro 3a Heulo Apyro Ml,,I{bp.(Taxa qe ffcHo e, qe Hafi-TottHa or HayKnre e MbApocr-

Ta. 3. Cre4osarenno, rpn6ua Mb[pI'I.ar He caMo ,4a 3HaeTe3I{ HeUIa, KolITo rIpoI,l3TI{qaT OT rIpI',lHIIVltTy.Tet Ho H Aao6raAaBa ucrnHHo 3HaHue 3a rtx. Taxa qe MbApocrra IIIe6r4e yrra H HayKa, I,t ro Karo qe rn rJIaBHara HayKa 3a HaI4-

136 137

rlcHHrrT.e Herqa. f.nynano e, aKo HrKoii cMlflTa, tre HayKara3a IIbp)KaBata urv pagc'b/IJrnBocrra ca Haii-gHaq?rMlr, Ao-KOJIKOTO TIOBCKT'T HE E HAii.BI,ICUIETO OT I]CUqKII CT,ilIECTBY-lrailIH B cBeTa Herrla. 4. flo-Ha'raTbK, aKo 3ApaBocJroBHo I,r

6lano ca pa3rrrqHn 3a xopara n za pu6ure, a 6ruro HIIpaBHJIHO BlIHarU Ca eAHO H CTTUIO, TO LI MbApO e 9AHO I'Ic'btrlo, IIIe Ka)Kar BcHrrKu, a paScbAJrHBo e pa3JrlrrrHo. HaI4-cl'HHa, qoBeKa, KoiiTo 4o6pe o6uucln orAeJrHure Herrla,orHacflflln ce Ao Hero, HrRon ltle HapeKar pa3cbAJlrrB n HaHero tIIe npeAocraBrrr Aa pa3cbx(IlaBa 3a re3r,r Heqa. 3aro-lla 14 3a HflKOH OT )KI{BOTHI{'I'g Ka3BaT, r{e Ca pa3Ca}AJII'IBH

-HMeHHO OHe314, KOTTTO r,r3fJre)KI{a HMaT npelBpIX.qaUIa cIIo-co6Hocr no orHorreHne Ha cBorr xrrBor. Taxa qe t{BHo e, qeMbApOcTTa He e eAHO I'l cl,lqo C HayKaTa 3a A'bpxaBaTa.I-losexe aKo Kaxar, qe e Mb/Ipocr BceKH [o6pe ga o6uu-cJrn r{SroAHr4Te 3a Hefo Herrla, To MHoro ue 6bllar MT,I{pO-cTr{Te, 3auloTo He e eAHa MbApocTTa 3a BcI,rqKH )K[IBrtclilIecTBa, a e pa3rHqHa 3a BcflKo, uIoM lopn lt JIequTeJI-CKOTO I,ISKyCTBo He e eIIHo 3a BCI,IqKO Cl,tt|eCTByBaUI0. AaKo KaxeM, rre qoBeK'r,'f e Hafr-Ao6bp oT Bcr4qKn )Kr,tBlrcbulecTBa, To ToBa Hnrqo HflMa Aa rIpoMeHI,t, IIoHe)Ke HMar4 [pyrn HelIIa c MHofo no-6oxec'rBeHa [pr4poAa oT qoBeKa,KaKTo Haii-Bugr,rMnie Henla(29) [snesguTe], or KorlTo cecbcron KocMocr,T IHe6ero]. 5. Ul rtft, or Ka3aHoro e flcHo,rle MbApOCTTa e HAyKaTa LI yMl'T Ha HeuIaTa' KOIITO nOnpupoga ca Haft-rleHHu. 3aroBa Ka3Bar, qe AHaKcarop(30)u Tanec(31), N upyrnre Karo'rflx ca Mb/IpH, a pa3cb.qrnBn* H9, nOHe>Ke rn Br{xAaT Aa npeHe6perBaT r{3foAHnTe 3aTrx Heula, u Ka3BaT 3a rtx, qe re 3HaflT Heo6HKHoBeHI,rHerrla, I{ qyAHr4, t'.rpyI.Hvt, u GoxecTueHu, Ho 6esnonesHno3aqoro He rbpcrr rroBe[rKnre 6lara. 6. floHexe pa3cbA-JII'IBOCTTA E CBbP3AHA C qOBEIIIKI,{TE IIEJIA VT C TE3'II,3A KOHTOMO)Ke lla Ce B3eMa pe[reHr,re. Ka:naue, qe Ha paScbAJrr,rBH.gHaii-se.re roBa AeJro e llpucr,Iuo - Aa BSeMa pa3yMHnperrreHnfl, a HuKofl He o6Mr4crr Heulara, Kol,tTo He Morar/Ia ca IIo Apyr Harrr4H, Hr{To TaKuBa, KouTo HtMaT HqKaKBarleJr, KoflTo ,qa npeAcraBJraBa nocTnxr4Mo qpe3 noc:rbnKa6naro. A nanrrno 6raropasyveH B petrreHnflT'd e ro3r,r,rotito e AoToJIKoBa HaxoAtlHB, r{e qpe3 o6unclsHe,4ocTu-na [o Hafi-Ao6poro or nocrr,r)KHMHTe 3a qoBeKa Herqa. 7.Ho pascrgluBocTta He ce orHacfl caMo Ao o6uure Her.qa,

a rpq6Ba Aa [o3HaBa ]I oTAeJIHIilre' fIoHe)Ke Ttr e cBbp3aHaC fIOCTbnKATa' a IOCTT'IIKaTa nT'K e CB'bp3aHa C OTA9JIHOTO'

3arosa u HtKoH He3Haeurra ca rIo-roAHI'I ua u3BbplxBarrocTbnKI,I or ApyrHTe, KoI{To 3HaflT(32) - TOBa ca ofll',lr-HHTe B ApyrHTe'[orleluu're] Herqa. Taxa uanpllMep' aKo

HrKofi rnie, ue [ocrHHTe Meca ca Uo6pe cMilJIaeMn u

3ApaBocJroBHI,I, a He 3Hae Kon ca uocTHl{' HtMa Aa rroc'TH-

""'" "gp""". A no-go6po 3upaBe lue nocrr4fHe oH3I'1, KOfiTO

3Hae, qe IITHqero'Meco e fleKo !I sApaBocJIoBHo' I/I' tarca,pa3cb,qJrl{Bocrra e npaKTl{qecra. CneroBareJlHo' rpl$naqonex Aa HMa u ABgTe 3HAHltfl' lq6uoro H qacTHorol' H

BToporo s no-rongMa crerlen. O6aqe H ToraBa IrIe HMa

eAHo ocHoBxo(33).

IJIABA OCMA

A gtpxarunqecKoro I'r3KycrBo I'I paScr'AJlllBocrra ca

eAHo 14 ct'ilIo KaqecTBo, o6aqe cblrlHocTTa Ha ABeT9 He e

eAHa I,I ct,tua. 2.3acnran\aTa A'bpxaBara qacr or pa3c'L'4-

JrrrBo^c'fT4, KaTo yrlpaBrqBaHIa' e 3,aKoHoAaTerHar a Apyra-Ta, KOflTO e cnlp'saua c orAeJrHl',tre Heula' uua o6rqo uMe -rpaxlaHcKa(34). Ts ce orHact{ A,o rlocrr'nKara I{ B3sMaHe-

To Ha pelxeHl4q. l-losexe 3aKoHoAareJIHoro peIUeHI4e ce

r,r3rrbJlHsBa Karo nocJIeAHa [aAeHocr. 3arosa KaSBar' qe

caMo re3I,t xopa ynpaBJIrBar Abp)KaBara' 3aIrIOTo r:e gefic-

TByBar KaTo 3aHatrqlrHTe- 3. f[o-satarr'K' u3rJIeXAa pa3-

clrAJIHBocTTa Hafi-seqe e ra3LI, Kogro HMa oTHoIIreHHe

KbM BceKI{ qoBeK' H To IIoorIIerHo- W tn nv.a o6rqo I{Me -rpascblJIHBOCT; a oT oHa3ll e,{Ha e 3a A'OMaKI',lHcl'B9lOjlpyra e 3aKOHO,4areJIHa, [pyra I noJIl{Trdq-9q-K-a-' Karo orTaSr{ TIOCJIeAHaTa eAHa qacr e 3a B3eMaHe Ha pelxeHufl' a

lpyrara - 3a cr,Aotr,pou3Bo,4crBo. 4' VI raxa' elnH orBuAoBere gHaHne ue 5llle ,qa 3Haeru noJle3Horo sace6e cu,HO B Hes I,IMa MHoro pa3JIHKt{ oT ApyrHTe H ce cMflTa '

q9

e pa3cblJlI,IB To3Lt, xofiro lro3HaBa orHacflullre--ce Io HerqHerrla ln ce 3aHI,IMaBa c rnx; a [bpxaBHrate uuiiO ce r{aMeicBar B MHoro Heura. 3a'rosa Erpuuug(35) raena:

,,Kar 6nxa Me HapeKJIl,z, pascr.g,Itt4B? As 6ee rpya'npucbcrBal 6ux-cpeg MHo3I{HcrBoro BbB noftcrata,

CMflTAH B TIHCJIOTO I'TM U HAPABHO YqACTBAIII.Ho npertsxox,qailrl,ITe BT,pIIrar fioBeqe-t'

138 139

HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETt'lKA - KHl,lfA Vl

Xopara rr,pctr cBoero co6ctneso 6naro lr cM.flTar, qe'r'orla uMeHHo rpn6na [a Bbpllrar. CreAoeareJlHo, or roBaMHeHrre e craHaro raKa, qe re Aa 6lAat cMtraHH 3a

l)a3c'b[Jrr,rBt{, MaKap qe Moxe 6u nlMa co6crseHo 6laro ga

irccxn 6es AolulaxuHcrBo, Huro 6es AT,p;KaBa. 7[ clu1o, xar'r'pa6na BceKI4 cBoHTe Helrra 11a ypexga, He e tcHo u rpn6naJta ce pa3tJlega. 5. ,{oxaaareJlcrBo 3a Ka3aHoro e' qe

MJIa,{H'Ie CTaBaT I'I feOMeTpH' U MaTeMa'IHqH, L Ml',{pI'I B

roAo6gn 06rac:ru, Ho He I,r3rJre)KAa Aa ca pascr,AJIl4BH.llpuuuuara e, qe pa3cbAJtl4Bocrra e B orgeJlnnre HeIrIa,KOHTO CTaBar II.o34aTlr oT onI,ITa, a HtMa orIuTeH MJIaItloBeK' IIOHe)Ke np0llt JIx(UTeJIHOTO BpeMe Cb3[aBa OIIHTa'6. 3atosa Moxe 6n Hqxoft ure noMI4cJIH I'I no Bbnpoca'3auo eAHo IeTe cTaBa MaTeMaTlIK, a He MbApeIl I'IJII'I

rpr.rsr,rr; AaJIH 3allroro re3I,t Helqa cblrlecrnyBar orBJIeqeHo'ir rexHl,tre npl4HIIL{nu ce nocrllrar qpe3 onura? I4 vrna11ureHe BtpBar B Tflx, Ho rH roBopflT, 6es ga HM e flcHa rflxHaracr,rqnoc:r? 7. IL c'sn]o rpelxKara B peIIreHI'Iero Moxe [aCrr,ge nnn or rJIelHa roqKa na o6nloto, vtltvl or rJIeAHa'l'oqKa Ha qacrHoTo, KaKTo Mo)Ke Aa e llorpefilHo' qe BcH-qKH BOAH C npI,IMecI,l ca JIoluH' I',tJIu qe ra3l4 I',IMeHHO e

Jror[a. 8. -flcno e, qe pa3c'LllJt]rBocrra He e HayKa, rroHexec rrpnctula Ha [ocJIeAHaTa AaAeHocT, KaKTO 6e xasaHo; a

'raKOBa e OHOBa' KoeTO Ce OCbIIIeCTAtBa B IIOCTT'IIKAT A' 9'Wm,fr, pa3c.l[JttIBocrra e rlpor!IBonoJIoxHa Ha yMa' 3arqo-'l'O yMr,T e CBbpSaH C TaKlIBa OIIpeAeJIeHt4':1, 3n KOIITO He eRt,3MO)KHO AOKagaTeJICTBO' a pa3CblJII'IBOCTTa - C IIOCJIe-

/tHaTa AaAeHocT, 3a Kotro nMa He H3YK4r a yceqaHe' Ho He3a co6crBeHI,ITe Hil [npe4rureru Ha yceqaHI'1.sral' a raKoBa,qpe3 KoeTo B'b3rIpHeMaMt nocJreAHoTo B MaTeMaTuKa'raKaTO TpHI'IaTJIHHK - 3aUlOTo TyK Ce H HaJIaIa Aa Ce Cilpe'Ho rosa e B rlo-roJlflMa crelreH yceqaHe' orKoJlKoro pa3-CI,AJI|'IBOCTTa' a HerOBId.tlT Bt4E e Apyr.

TJIABA AEBETA

Tr,pceuero 14 B3eMaHero Ha pelxeHna ce pa3JIHsaBa'T'3aqoro B3eMaHeTo Ha pemeHntl e HtKaKBo,tlpcene. Hol-pr6ra ga Ce pas6epe u B KaKBo ce cbcroll 6laropasyr"rn-eTO B perlleHrli,flTA.- [ilJIlI e H.SKaKBA HayKa I{JIH M.HeHfie,r.rJrn Br{pHo orcb)KgaHe, }IrH Heuo or Apyr suq. 2- l/I raxa,

API,{CTOTEA

HayKa He e, 3aruoTo xopaTa He u3cJre.qBaT HgrrlaTa, KoItTo3HasT, a 6rarorJa3yMneTo r] peueHr{rTa e H-flKaKBo peue-HHe n peuaBarrllrrr rbpcn l,r o6Mucfln(36). OcueH ToBa Hee LI tsflpHO OTra'ftsaHe, noHexe BrpHoTo oTraTBaHe craBa6er pa:cr,x/IeHl,re n e Henlo BHe3aIrHo, a Io6vrucnxuero sa]B3eMaHeTO Ha pe[IeHHe rpae MHolo BpeMe, H ce Ka3Ba, qeperueHr{flTa 'rpx6na 6r,pso Aa ce ocr,urecrl}t{nat, a 6an-Ho(37) 4a ce o6uucnqr. 3. 14 ou1e, npoHl{IlareJlHocrra H

6naropasyrraHe'ro B perrreHufl'ra ca pa3flHqHH Hetua, 3alqororrpoHHrlareJrHocrra e HrKaKBo BflpHo orrarBaHe(38). Ena-ropa3yMr{ero B perrreHl'/.flTaHe e H HTIKaKBO MHeHI{e. llone-xe Kofiro rrourg Bq9,M-a-perreHut, lperyg? a roiiro go6pe

-npaBr{JrHo 83eMa peureuuR, ro qcrio efue 6naropa3yMHeroB perrreHrilra e HrrKaKIla [paBLIJIHocr. Ho He npllcr'ura HaHayKaTa, HHTO Ha MHeHI4eTo,3alt[oro HflMa IIpaBHJIHOCT 3aHayKara (nouexe HrrMa,u rperurn), a sa MHeHuero rlpa-Br{JTHOCT e HCTHHaTa; H 3aeAHo c ToBa Beqe e oflpe[,eJreHoBcflKo HeIIIo, 3a Koero I{Ma MHeHHe. Ho [pI4 Bce roBa6naropasyrra14ero B peureHuqra He cr,nlecrnyna 6es pa3cb-xleHue. CregonareJlHo, To rlgocraBa or MI4cr'JITa, 3auorootlle He e rroTBl'pxAeHne. HaltcrnHa, MHeHueTo He e Tbp-ceHe, a e Beqe HflKaKBo [oTBbp)KAeHVe, a B3eMaIqutTperxeHr{e

- D\aru qo6pe HJru Jroruo B3eMa peureHue -Tr,pcu Heuro H npecMqra. 4. Ho 6naropasyvtlrero B pene-Hurra e HtKaKBa npaBuJrHocr B pelxeHnflTa.3arosa nafi-Ha[peg rpr6na Aa ce [r3creABa, KaKBo e B3eMaHe Ha peue-Hvrfl v KbM KaKBo ce orHacs. .{oxo.nxoro 3a IrpaBHJIHocr cerOBopI{ B pa3JIuqeH CMLICI'JI' O OqeBI{/lHo e) qe npaBHJIHOicrla B perrreHurrra orrle He e IIIJIara npaIlHJIHocr. Hancru-Ha, HeBb3lll'p)KaHHflT H nopoqeH qOBeK, KaKBOTO IIp9AIIO-qnra Aa y3Hae, qe ro rroctnrHe upee o6uncJltHe, TaKa qeu{e 6rAe qoBeK, roiiro rrpaBHJrHo e B3eJI peflreHue, Ho erloryqfir roJrrMo sno. 5. Ho ugrnexAa, qe uo 6naropa:y-MeH HaqHH Aa ce B3eMar pelueHnf e HflKaKBo 6naro, rloHe-)Ke raKaBa npaBr,rJrHocr B perueHuero e 6naropasyvrne nperxeHr4ero, Koero Mo)Ke Aa nocrr,rfHe 6laro. Ho u vpes

JrbxJrHBo yMo3aK,nroqeHrae (ouX,l,o7top,6E; To Mo)Ke Aa cefroc'rHfHe I{ ,qa ce tloryr{l{ oHoBa, Koero rpx6na Aa ceHanpaBlr, Ho rro*EaqnFi, rro xoiiro ne tpa6na, 3alrloroJIT,)KJIHB e CpeAHU.flT qJIeH Ha CUJTOTHSMIa. w TaKa: He e

140 14l

6raropasyuue B perrreHr4rra oHoBa, cro6pasHo c Koero ceuoryqaBa Heuro, Koero rpn6ua , Ho He rlo HaqI{Ha, tlorofi'r"o ipn6sa. 6. 7I olqe, etrlIH qoBeK Moxe Aa [oJIyq]IKaKBoro rpn6na, xaro o6lrucJIt petrleHLlero MHoro BpeMe,a Apyr - 6rpso. C.[eAosareJIHo, u ra3l{ npaBllJlHocr He e6naropasyuue B peureHvflTa, a e npaBH,'IHocr cro6pa:Ho cnoJlgara H c roBa ,zgapa'a]/. KaKBC)((, u ,rKaK*, r ,rKor|".7.IzI cr'rqo, Moxe Ila ce B3eMe peneHlre uJIu a6coJllorHo, I,IJILt

c orJre[ Ha onpegeJreHa rleJr. Pas6upa ce, 6naropa3yMHo Aace B3eMe a6conlorno perueHne, e yMecrHo sa a6corlorHaqe"rr (39), a 6laropaoyMHo Aa ce B3eMe peuleHl{e c orJle,q HaoilpeAeJreHa qeJr, o3HaqaBa ro,{a ce B3eMe c orJIeA Ha Ta3I'IHMeHHo Irouxperna] uen. ,{oxonroro Ha pa3cb,ulHBI,ITe eilpficI'.rqo pa3yMHo ,qa B3eMar peIxeHnt, ro 6naropa3yMI,I-ero.B pe[reHrir.flTa ule 6rAe rIpaBnJIHocTTa c orJIeA HailOJIe3HOTO 3a AaAeHa IIeJI' pa3cT'AJIIIBOCTTa 3a KOTTO eHcTl{HHa npe,qcraBa.

TJIABA AECETA

llpoHuqarerHocrra (o0veor6)(40) ra uenpoHultarerl-HOCTTa, CIIOpeA KOnro HapUqaMe xopara rlpoHHIIareJIHI,I l{HeIIpOHI,lUaTeJIHll' Ct'IIlO He CarBIIa.qaT C HayKaTa H MHeHU-ero (eaqoro B TaKr,B cnyuafi BcIrqKu 6uxa 6unu npoHltqa-TeJrHlr), Hr.r'ro nbK ca HrKor or qacrHuTe HayKn, KaroMeAnqlrHara - 3a 3ApaBero HJIl,r Karo reoMeTplrqTa - 3aBeJrHqIrHI4Te, 3aIrIoTo npoHl{qaTeJlHocrra He ce oTHactHHTO K},M BeqHHTe HeIIIa, HIITO KI,M KO€TO V AA e H9IIIO OT

Ilr,3HI,rKBaIrIVrTe, A KbM Te3H, 3a KOHTO HqrOfi MO)Ke Aa3alaBa B'brrpocu u Aa BseMa peureHlrfl. 14 npoxnqareJlHocr-Ta e B o6racrra Ha re3lr Herqa, KTrM KoHTo ce orHacfl Itpa3Cb[JII,IBOCTTa, HO He Ca 9AHO H CT,UIO H9IIIO IpOHI'IUA-TeJTHOCTTa r.r pa3CblJIHBOCTTa, 3AUIOTO pa3Cb/IJIHBOCTTarrorleJrflBa KaKBo rp.a6ra Aa ce [paBH 14 KaKBo

- He, I{ ToBa

e HefiHara qeJr, a [poHHIIareJIHocrra e caMo cr'Aelrla,3agloTo npoHlrqaTeJrHocr tr cxBaTJIuBOcT ca eAHo It cblrloHerqo, KaKTo u npoHHqaTeJrHHTe H cxBaTJIHBl,ITe xopa.l-IpoHurlareJrHocr He e Hrdro nplITe)KaBaHero Ha pa3cr,UIH-BOCT, Hr4TO npNgO6UnaHerO ft, a rarto ycBoflBaHero HaHayqHH 3HaHH.f, ce HapI,Iqa ,rIa cxBaqamt', TaKa Koraro ce

PI,,ICTOTE

ylroTpe6u 3a MHeHrIeTo, ce HMa rIpeABAil ,,AL oTca,)KAaru"3a HeilIaTa, KOr,rTO pa3C:bAJrr,rBHflT 3Hae, KOTaTO Apyr |OBO-

Pfr, t4 Ia OTCl,)KIam ,qo6pe, 3arrIOTO ,,nO,qXOA.gIqO" (e6) ra

,,go6pe" (rcX"6g) ca eAHo r,r cr,rrlo Herlo(41). 4.1/I orryx elpoI,rgJIt3JIo lrMero ,rflpoHnqarerHocrt', H or Hero ,rcxBa-TrrlBu" npoHr,rrlareJrHocrra rtpn yqeHero. 3arosaqecro HaplrqaMe yqeHero cxBalqaHe.

rJIA BA BA'IIIAA ECF.'TA

Taxa uapeueHara cbBecr (yv6pq), cnopeA Kosro Hapv-qaMe xopara go6pocrrecrHn u 14Marqu-qlneET, q npaBItJI-Horo orcr,x4aHe, Koero,qo6pnar "vgBeK npaBr,r. 7I ,qoxaga-TeJrcrBoro e cJrelHoTo: Ka3BaMe, qe e go6rp ro3r,r, rofitonpoqaBa, a na 4o6pur qoBeK e npr4c:r,qo [a L{Ma cHI.I3xox-AeHI,Ie KbM pa3Ju{rrHn Hella. A cH}tsxolnreJrHocrra e cr,-Becr, c KoflTo orc6)Kla qo6puxr(42\, u ra npaBHJIHo - anpaBr4JrHo e, Koraro e rrcrlrHa. 2. Paz6upa ce, Bcur{Knrer:egn cnoftcrBa HMar eAHa H cr'Iqa HacoqeHocr, 3aflloroynorpe6anaue [nonarunraf cbBecr H yM 3a eAHIt It cblrltlxopa, 3a Kolrro Ka3BaMe, qe ca H pa3cb,url4Bu, l,t cto6pasu-TeJrHlr. 3aqoro Bcr,rqKl.r re3r,r crroco6socrn cbillecrByBar3a rrocJreAHlrre AaAeHocrr,I tr 3a qacrHure cJlyqat{, vl B

cnoco6nocrra Ha qorleKa Aa cblu,r 3a Hetqara, cBl'p3aHl,r cpa3yMa, rofi e npoHnqareJreH HJrH cHH3xoAltreJleH, garrlorogo6po:rar:a e o6uroro y r.cr4qKu Ao6poAereJlHI,I xopa B orHo-rrreHnero nM e4Hu Kr,M Apyru. 3. Bcnqxo, cBtp3aHo crrocrbrrKara, ce orHacfl [o qacrHure cJryqau r4 nocJrel{Hr{TeAaAeHOCTr,r r,r pa3cT,[Jrr.rnnnyrpa6ra,4a ro 3Hae; u [poHr,rqa-TeJIHOCTTa, I{ CbBeCTTa rqe CtlIIIeCTByBaT 3a fIOCTl,IIKUTe'KorlTo npe4craBJrflBar caMr.r uo ce6e cH nocJre[HI,r AaAeHo-cru- 4. W yv^.-r uvra o6qo c nocJre.qHrrre /ra,qeHoc'r'!u -IIOCJI9AHfi OT ABeTe CTpaHH' SaIIIOTO Cl,qeCTByRa yM u 3anbpBr4Te orrpeAeJreHvt',, v ga rrocreAHHTe AaIeHocTl , a HecbxAeHr,re, n e\vH e yMbT rrpn AoKaSaTeJrcTBaTa 3& H€I,13:MeHHlrTe [aAeHocTr,r H nbpBr{ o[peAeJreHufl, a llpyr e, IIIO ceoTHacs /Io [ocTbrrKaTa - 3a rrocJ]e,qHaTa ,qa,{eHocT, 3aTOBa, KOeTO AOnyCKa H3MeHeHHe H 3a BTOpaTa rrpeAIOCTa-BKa; a re HMeHHo [carrararel ca HaqaJloro Ha rrpuqnHara,

t42 143

HI,{KOMAXOBA

3aqoro or o6uo'ro ce oruBa KbM qacrHoro(43). 5. Cneuo-BareJrHo, rpa6na Aa ce npr,rrexaBa yceqaHe 3a.TegI.I Hellra,3auloro ro e yMbr: 3arosa ce cMrra, qe re3u Heura canpupogHn, u unroii He e_Mr,,qr'p no npnpoAa,-a qo TpllpoAalrMa caMo cr,Becr n cto6pasureJlHocr, u yu(44\. 6. ,{oxa-3areJrcrBo 3a roBa e, qe BflpBaMe, tlg Te cJIe/lBar pa3rHqHu-'te Bb3pacTLt, 14 BcflKa Bb3pacT HMa yM u cbBecT, KaToAaAeHocr or rrpupolara. 3arosa lI HaqaJIo, u xpafr, e yMbr

- 3auoTo oT Tflx I4 3a T'Ix ca AoKa3aTeJIcTBara, TaKa qe

rpa6ra [a ce 3aqnrar HegoKa3aHI,ITe rBT,p[eHHfl u MHeHnflHa onnrHl,tre I{ Bb3pacrHHTe, He [o-MaJIKo, oTKoJIKOTO

AoKa3arercrBara, 3auloro 6.naro4apeHile Ha roBa, qe or,otrnra r,rM e Aa,{eHo ,,oKO", Te BIn)KIIar npanra.rrno( 45). 7 . Wltrft, raxro ca pa3cr,[JlHBocrra I,I Mt Apocrra, It Kt'M KaKBUHeTIIA BCqKa or rflx Mo)Ke Aa ce orHact, !I qe BcflKa e4o6pogereJr Ha pa3JrrrarHa rracr or Aylrrara(46), rasaxrrae.

TJIABA ABAHAIECETA

H.srofi Moxe Aa rronl{Ta 3a'rflx: 3a KaKBo ca neo6xogn-rrau? 3auoro Mr,/Ipocrra He pa3rJrer(,4a HuKoe or Heulara,or KoHTo qoBeK ule 6r,Ae IIracrJIrIB, H Htturo oT par(IalrruTece Herqa, a pa3cbAJrHnocrra 14Ma roBa sa cnoii npegvrer'. Hosaulo rpl6sa Aa 6rge Her{H npe[Naer? Pasc'bAJIl{Bocrra ce3aHnMaBa cT,c c[paBeIIJr[rBr{Te, npeKpacHn:re, Ilo6pute r.r

NOJIE3HNTE 3A I{OBEKA HEIIIA, II I,IMEHHO TE CA OHOBA, KOETOnogo6ana ua go6po4ereJlHr{fl MT,x Aa I{3Br,pIIrBa; Ho 3Hae-Hero Ha 're3lr Heula He HH npaBI,I no-cnoco6nn Aa rltu3B'bpruBaMe, AoKoJrKoro go6pogereJrure ca KasecrBa, Ta-Ka KaKTo [He crananae no-3ApaB]r H rlo-3axarenr.r], aro3HaeM Kou ca 3ApaBOcJroBHHTe Helqa n go6para 3aKaJIe-HOCT, KaKBHTO Te Ce HapUqaT He cnope.q ToBa, KoeTo.rHcb3,[aBa, a cnope'q ToBa [aJru raKoBa KaqecrBo e HaJIurle.HancruHa, 6rarogapenne Ha Bra,4eeHero Iraro enanue]Ha JIeqHT9JICKOTO lt3KyCTBO H rHMHaCTHKara H14KaK He CMeno-cnoco6nln 3a I,IgBbplrlBaHe Ha cborBerHlITe nocrr,rIKI,I.2. Aro He 3apaAu Te3r,r Heula pa3cr,AJII,tBHflT qoBeK rpr6ra.qa CT,IIIeCTByBa, a 3apaAlI BT,3HI4KBaHeTO Ha gO6pOqereln,ro roft HrrKaK HflMa Aa 6r[e nole3eH 3a re3l4, Kolnro cago6ponopaAbqHr,r, u cr,uro 3a re3n, KoHTo He o6nalasargo6pogereJr; Hancrr{Ha, He e BaxHo AaJru HMar go6poge-

APUCTOTEA

TeJr, r,rJrrr cJregBar re3LI [xopa], xorlro q o6raAasar; TaKa qeure 6tAe AocrarrrqHo, aKo nocrbnBaMe KaK'fo rlo orHotue-Hne Ha 3ApaBero: ucrafil<u Ia 6tAeu 3gpaBu, Hne Bce rIaKHe u3yqaBaMe reqxTeJlcKoro I,I3KycTBo. 3. 14 ocseH rosarr1e H3rJlexga 6escul,tcJleHo, aro, 6n4eilKl4 no-AoJIy orMr,Apocrra (47), pascrAJl r{Bocrra e [o-BaxHa, sauloro 6u-11eiirn AeficrBeHa cnoco6nocr, 'rfl pr'KoBo4a v Hapex(tra 3aqacrHure cryqau. 3a re:u uMeHHo Herlra 'rpn6na Ea ceroBopu, a 3acera HLIe caMo rIocTaBllxMe B'brlpocfi I]o oTHo-rueHr{e Ha rtx. 4. l/I rt'ir, naft-nanpel HeKa Kax(eM' qe IroHeo6xoAnvtocr re3l4 go6polererH ca npeAMer ua ns6op3apaAr4 caMure rflx, 3alqoro IrcflKa or rxx e 4o6poge'reJl HaCTTOTBeTHaTa qaCT Htt AyIIIaTa' AOpU H aKO HI'IKOfI OT TflX

,qBere HI,Iqo He rBoplt. 5. flo-HararbK' Bce naK Te cturo H

TBOpflT HeUIO, HO He KaKTO JIeqUTeJICKOTO lI3KyC',rrBO -3ApaBe' a KaKTO 3,qpaBeTo; B Tg3H CMIiC'bJI ,.M1'ApOC'rTa

TBop-g II-(a_c_T.He; 3arqoro 1ngefixu qacr or IlflJIara Ao6poge-ten, rx npaBH qoBeKa iuacrnr,rl Jlopalld roB.a, qe Ao6poAe-Terra e y Hero u geftcrryra. 6. lA otue, ,[eJloro Ha qoBeKa

ce ocbrqecrBf Ba 6JraroAapeHHe Ha paSc'bAJIltBocrra u erv'qecKara go6pogeteJI, saluoro go6pogereJITa AaBa npabun-Hara rIeJI, a pa3cbAJIHBOCTTa - cpe,4crRara 3a Rocrl4raHe-To fi. Ho 3a qerBr,prara qacr Ha Aylxara(48) - [rona e

Ta3H, Kotro el urraaqara o6rqo c xpaHeHero - HqMa raKa-Ba AO6pOAeTeJI, 3aIUoTo B Het HtMa Hl'ltqo cBl'p3aHo cH3BtpIuBaHe vJIt4 HeH3Bbp[IBaHe Ha nocTr,nKa. 7. IIIo ceOTHACU IO KaSaHOTO' qe IIOpA.II.H pa3CT,[JIHBOCTTa He CMeno-cnoco6xu 3a I4SBl,pIrIBaHe Ha npeKpacHI4 H cnpaBeAJII4-BU Heqa, ro tpn6na IIa 3anoqHeM MaJIKO nO-OTAaJIeq, n 3aHaqaro HeKa B3eMeM cJIeAHoro. AKo, KaKTo Ka3BaMe'HtKOt{, KOl,lTO BbpIIIaT CnpaBeAJrI{BU HeIUa, oue He caCIIpaBeAJIHBII' KaTO Hanpl4Mep TeSU' KOI'ITO Bl,pII]aT 3ano-Br,4aHO"O OT 3aKoHl,tre Helqa nlu HeAO6pOBOJTHO' trJrll[opalu He3HaHHe, I,TJIH lropa,ql4 Heulo Apyro, Ho He sapaAl{caMnTe clTpaBeAJIHBI{ nocTT,rIKU (rvraxap qe BbpruaT Helrta-Ta, Kolrro rpr6ra, v Bcr4ctKt4 Heula, KoHTo go6ponopx4lu-HHffT rrOBeK rpl6na ga ntprun), To LI3rJIe)K,[a BceKHr XofirooSflaEasa KaqecrBo, npaBu orAeJlHHTe Helua raKa, qe Aa6sle uo6po,[ereJreH, a Ka3BaM, qe roBa e raKa, KorarorroBeK nocrbnBa cao6pa3Ho cr,3HareJleH us60p lI 3apaAncaMrfre Heqa, Kordro ce [paBflT. 8.14ttia, n 4o6pogerenta

144 t0 145

EfrffiI HUKOMAXOBA ETI,TKA - KHUTA VI IffifiIce KopeHH npaBrlJrHr,rflT cbsHareJren us6op. Ala npanene-To Ha Hexlara, Konro e ecTecrBeHo Aa 6rAar npaBeHr,l3apagl,r Hero, e rtpr4ct,trlo He Ha go6pogereJrra, a Ha Apyracnoco6Hocr. 3a resn Herqa rpn6na, o6aue, rro-rcuo [aKaxeM, aKo r{MaMe HaMepeHue Aa rH u3yqlrM. 9- 14 taxa,cbrqecrByBa e,qHa cnoco6Hocr, Korro Hapnqar n:o6pe'ra-TeJIHocr. Ts e taxara, qe e cnoco6Ha Aa n3Bbprrru Heilrara,KOHTO Ca HacoqeHH KT,M nOCTaBeHaTa rleJr U Aast IIOCTI{rHe.3arona, aKo qeJrra e npeKpacHa, c"nocoGHocrra e Aocroftua3a IIOXBaJTa, a e KOBapHa, aKO rIeJrTa e Jroma; 3aToBa I{ 3apa3cblJrr.rBr,rre Ka3BaMe, qe ca nso6pera'reJrHH r,r KoBapHr,r.10. Pascrururocrra He e uso6perarerHoc:r, o6aue uec'bqecrByBa 6es rasH cnoco6uoc'r. Id raqecrBoro ce pa:K-I{a or roBa KaqscrBo Ha Ayrrrara He 6es go6pogereJr, KaKToBeqe Ka3axMe, a cblrro e n xcHo. Flauctl,rHa, pa3cbxAeHn-flTa, HManIu ga cnoii npelMer rrocrbnKure, r4Mar 3a Haqa-Jro ,,ToBa uMeHHo Heulo, Koero e qeJITa, u ro e gaft-go6poro", Koero r,r Aa 6r{Jro ro, 3arqoro nprr pascbxgeHr4-ero roBa Moxe ga 6r'ge Koero r,t Aa e. Ho tosa He e rrcHo Hai{r{Koro, ocBeH Ha 4o6pogereJrHr,tr; 3arqoro nopor{HocrraoTKJIOHflBa OT HCTUHaTA I{ npaBl,t TaKa, r{e Aa Ce JIb)KeM 3aHaq,aJIaTa Ha nocTbnKnre. Tara qe tcHo I, qe He-e Bb3Mo-xHo rroneK Aa 6rAe pa3cr'AJr14Br 6es ;1a 6r,ge go6pore'reJreH.

TJIABA TP'THAAECETA

Tpx6na orHoBo [a pa3rJreAavre go6poAereJrra; 3arrloroI4 npn Heff 14Ma TaKOBa CbOIIHOIIIeHl{e, KaKTO CT'OTHOIIIeHn-ero MexAy pa3cbgJrr,rBocrra n uao6perareJrHocrra: He eeAHO r,r cbrqo, Ho Bce rraK nua noAo6*te. 14 np[po,qHarago6pogereJr cbrrlo ce cborHaca c 4o6po4ereJrra B npeKr,rtcMHcbJr Ha IIyMara. Haucruna, Ha Bcr,rqKH HM HgrJre)KAa,r{e BcffKa qepTa Ha HpaBa cbqecTByBa rro H.sKaKt'B HaqnHno npr4poAa; sarrloro r{ c[paBeAJrvtrvr, v!.6naropasyMHr,t, trcMeJIId, H TaKa HaTaTbK, CMe OT MHrA Ha paXAaHeTO, HOtrpu Bce roBa rbpcr{M HrKaKBo Apyro 6laro B npeKr,rqcMrlcbJr Ha AyMara, r4 no Apyr HaquH Aa [ro] r{MaMe B Hac.W u a1agyttxa, JJ-lAg.I yI9 o=T 11 p 14 p oA ar a K a q ecr B a cb urecrBy -Bar I,r y Aeqara, H y 3BepoBere, Ho 6eg HalnqHe Ha yM Te,14 3 rJr e xAa, ca-Bpe1glr. To sa €ras a fl c H o B c il e EHnn rrp HMep:

itiiiiiiiiii*nffil APUCTOTEA ri::i:::::::i::::::::i::::l

KaKTO eAHO CHJIHO TqAo 6es 3peHl',Ig' KOTaTO Ce [BI{Xn' ce

cilyqBa cnJIHo ga ce sa6lyqu, iara € H B To3H cnyuafi" 2' AKoraro qoBeK e npugo6ul yM' B rrocrl,nKlnre cIa ce pa3JII{-qaBa or gerero u 3BepoBere. I4 rorasa KaqecrBoro' MaKap

r la e noAo6no Ha rpupoAuara 4o6pogereJl' rqe 6lgego6pogereJr B npeKl{fl Cvrracr,n Ha AyMara. Cne[oeareJlHo'cbrrlo KaKTo B cbS.qaBalrlaTa MHeHlIe qacT Ha Ay[raTa ItMa

ABa BI,rAa go6pogeren - nso6perareJtHocr u pa3cb'4Jll{-BocT, TaKa I,I B HpaBcrBeHara I{M4 Aqa- g4aa:. "or eAHa

"tpu"u 1-lpuporriq, a er Apyra crpaHa - nq6-p.os"t:{ :,,rrpeKut crralict'n lra Ayr'rara, Lr or rflx ra3I'I B rIpeKH'{ cMI'Ict'JI-

H'e ssgHnxsa 6es pa3cbltJll'IBocr. 3. I4vreHso nopa[u roBaH.flKOr{ TBt'pAflT, qe BcI'IqKI',I 1O6po1e're rn ca pa3cbAJII'BOC-

rn ra Coxpar(49)' nscnegnafiKu fl' B eAHo npaBLIJIHo cb'qe-

ure, a B [pyto rpeureure' a I{MeHHo: rpeue[Ie, Karo cM'flTa-

ttre, qe BcIiIrtKI,I 4o6poge:reJlIT ca pa3cbAJII'lBocrllr a [paBI4Jr.-

"o(so;-"utBallre' u" t" He uoiar 6e: paeclgrrsocr' 4'

,{oicadarencrBoro e IcnegHoro]: n geftctBI'ITerHocr u ceraBCIITIKH, KOTaTO OIIpeleJrfT 4O6poge'reJlTa, cJIeA KaTo ca

Ka3aJII{, qe rr I KaqecrBo [na gyuraral u xtu KaKBI'I Heula

ce orHacfl, npu6anat, qe e B cborBercrnue c BflpHorocbx,qeHl{e, a To e B cboTBeTcTBI'Ie c paScbAJIlIBOCTTa'

ClegonateJlHo, BcIITIKH lro HflKaKT'B HaqlrH ll3rJrexAa npe-

AnoJrafar, ue go6pogereJlTa I TaKoBa KaqecrBo, KOeTO Ce

cborHacr c pa3cbAJII'Itsocrra. 5. Ho rpx6ra MaJIKo Aa npo-

lbJrxltM, sauloro 4o6pogereJlTa e He caMo KaqecrBo' Ko-

eTO e B CbOTB9TCTBI{9 C BfipHOTO Ct'XAeHI'te' HO CbIIIO U Ce

cbrrbTcTBa oT BtpHoTo ct')KAeHlIe. A nnpnoro c6)K,qeHue

3a raKI{Ba HeIIIa e pa3cbAJII'IBocrra. I/I'r'sfi, Coxpar cMflTa-

trre, qe go6pogere.lture ca cb)K,qeHI'Ifl (aauloro BcI'IqKI'I Te ca

euanux), a HHe cMtraMe, qe re ca B cbApFKIre cbc cb:rAe-Huero. 6. Or Ka3aHoro craBa gcHo, qe He e Bb3MO)KHO Aa

O"u"- no6pol"t"JleH B rlpeKllfl cMHcl'Jr na lyr"rara 6eepa3cbAJII,IBocr, HI,ITo pascrglnn 6es eruqecra go6po4e-

;;;: fi; 6rue'o6esctne" [ououbr' qpe3 xoftto Hsxofi 6uo6ocH osar [u aJI eKTIt q ecKvt' ue go 6pogereJl I{Te ca orAeJI e-

Hn eAHa or Apyra. flosexe eAuH H ct,IrtrH rIoBeK He e I{3IItJroHaAapeH or npllpoAara c BcI'ltlKra go6pogereiln' a H.nKofl orrqiTof neue-nua, Eo Apyra orte He e npugo6un' Pas6upace, ToBa e tsb3Mo)KHo tIpH TIpLIpoAHI'ITe AoOpoAereJIn' ooa-q9 He e BbSMOXHo rlpll Te3I',I' IIpI,I KoI',ITo ce Ka3Ba B oolq

t46 t47

cMldcbJr, qe qoBeK e go6poqereJreH - rrfi xaro 3aeAHo c

pa3cbAJrr,rBocrra, Korro e e[Ha, BcriqKH Apyru go6pogere-JIH IrIe 6t,Aar Harraqe(51) .7 - O6aqe flcHo e, rre MaKap r,r Aaue 6enre HacoqeHa KT,M nocrt,nKn, pagcbgnunocrra 6u6una uyxua, noHexe e go6pogereJl Ha eAHa o'r qacrr.rre Ha,uynrara(S2) u nouexe cb3HareJrHra.ar ne6op H.flMa ga 6tgerrpaBr{JreH Huro 6es pa3cb,qJrr,tBocrra, un'ro 6eg go6poge-TeJrra, mft xaro BTopara crr3,qaBa rleJrra, a Apyrara rrpaBr.tTaKa, qe Aa ce BbplllaT HerrlaTa, HacoqeHn KT,M llocl'UraHe-To Ha ueJrra. 8. Ho sce rraK Tr He e no-Ba;KHa or Mbgpocr-Ta, Hlrro e no-go6paTa lracr Ha Ayrxara, TaKa KaKTo Jreqn-TeJrcKoro r.{3KycrBo r{e e no-Ba)KHo or sgparer:o(53). 3a-rrloro He fl u3noJr3Ba, a 6gn rn [a ce rroflBu. 3saqn sapagr,tMT'ApOCTTa, a He 3a Heff AaBA IIpeArrvCAP.I/.s. I4 O[1e, arOnqrofi Kaxe roBa, e Bce eAHo [a Ka)Ke, qe Abp)KaBHuqecKo-To lr3KycrBo BJracrBa xag 6oroaere, rroHe)Ke AaBa flpelnu-canvrfr,3a Bcr,rqKH Herrla B ,{r,pxaBara(54).

KHYITA VII

TJTABA TIbPBA (L)

Cre,q resu Henla rpn6ra [a ce Ka>Ke - cJIeA Karo cMe

nOCTaBI'IJIII Apyr npI'IHIIIdII - qe CBT'p3aHI'ITe C HpaBlITe

Heura, xouro-ipr6ea na 6lgar I436flrBaHI'I , ca rpLt BI4Aa:

rlopoK, HeBb3AT,p)KaHocr' 3BepcrBo' Kou ca o6pailrnre ua

nbpBnTe ABe, e tcHo - eAHoro HapI'IqaMe Ao6po[eTeJI' a

Apyroro - Bb3Ar,pxaHocr. A cp-euy 3BepcrBoro 11fi:

nbAxogsulo e Aa KaxeM' qe croll go6po4ereJlTa' KoflTo e

Ha[ Hac, HflKaKBa repolnqHa n 6oxectBeHa, KaKTo UMup e

cbrrr,rHuJr [a roBopn irp"ut sa Xerrop, qe e rBr'pA,e go6po-

AETEJIEH:,,Mtx, lI3rJIexAaIII Aa e pogeH He or cMbpreu' a or

6or."(2)2. Taia'qq aKo' KaKiro KasBar, or xopara craBar 6oronenoDall{ r,t3JIHIrtbK na go6pogereJlTa' To qcHo e, qe H'flKoe

rarosa Kar{ecTBo 6ll 6ulo ilpoTtrBonoJlo;KHO Ha SBepcTBo-

ro(3). Bnpoqevr, KaKTo Ha' 3Bt{pa He e rpucr'Irra rlopoq-

"oi"; uraro 4o6pollereJl' TaKa - u ua 6ora, Ho e[Horo e no-

qeHHo or go6pogereJlTa, a Apyroro e HtKaKbB Apyr BI4['

pa3rl4qeH or nopoqHocrra. 3. Kaxro e plrlKo Aa cbllrecr-byna 6o:recrBeH qoBeK

- HarlpLrMep cnap'raHI1I'ITe ca I'IMa-

Jrr{ HaBI,IK ua Ka3Bar 3a HfKoro' qe e 6oxectneu vrr'x(4)'Kofaro rBbpl{e Mlroro ce Bb3xHIrIaBar or Hero -

TaKa I'l

sBepcrBoro e pfl[Kocr y xopara, n ro nafi-neqe e cpeA

"up'"up"t". Hirora ce paxgar raKuBa rlopa[I4 6olecr u

HeAbraBocT, vI c JIOIIU AyMII XyJIHM OHe3H XOpa'. KOI',TTO

rropaApl nopoqHocr HaABLrIrraBar gpyrfiTe lro roBa' 4' Ho ga

Ta3u HaKJIOHHOCT HeKa nO-HaTaTbK IIpunOMHI'Irtr' A ga

,ropou"o"tra 6erue Ka3aHo no-Haflpeg' Tpx6na [a Ka)KeM'

OT eAHa CTpaHa 3a H9BT'34'1'p)KaHOCTTa' I'I3He)K9HOCTTa [lpa3KOIIIa, a OT ApyrA - 3a Bb3AbpxaHOCTTa 14 TBT'pAOCTTa'

3aqo'ro He :rpn6ra Hnro eAHara or rflx Aa ce cMtra 3a

TbxAecrBeHa Ha go6pogereilTa u rropoKa' HI4To 3a pasJrlt-qHa rro nn4. 5. A 6n cnegBaJlo' KaKTo B Apyrure cryqau'cJre[ Karo cMe I43Tt,KHaJII{ flBHI'ITe Heu]a u Haft-nanpeA cMe

[poyqI4JII,I, Ua rIoKa)KeM flo TaKbB HaquH [peAI',IMHO BCI'I!I-

rra upouytl4 MHeHI4.tr' cBbp3aHl't c re3l',I tIyBCTBar a aKo He'

I,IKOMAXOBA

To rro-rofltMara qacr r,r ro-Ba)KHr4re(5). Axo 6t,gar paspe-III€HI,I CT'MHeHHtTa U OCTaHaT 3aCJIy)KaBalItI,ITe BHI,IMaHIA9MHeHlrfi, AocrarbqHo qe 6r4e noKagaHo. 6. W m,fi,, cMtrace(6), qe yMepeHocrra ('eyrp&terc) ra rnrpAocrra(rcptepic) rpuHa[Jrexar Kr,M go6ponopnlr'qHnre ]r Aoc-rofinu 3a rroxBaJra Herqa, a HeBb3Al,p)KaHocrra ('crpaoic)r,r n3HexeHocrra (pal,aria) rrorrlIlTe r 3acJIy)KaBa-rqrlTe yrop(7). Torala-Eb3Alp4aH e ro3I,I, rofiro q cnoco-6en ,qa ce [p.4AT,pxa nocrotHHo Kl,M pa3yMa, HeBr]3trbp-)KaH rrT,K e oH3n, rofiro ce oTKJroHrBa oT pa3yMa. IzI Hesbg-ATTpXAHH'T, sHaeftKU, qe npaBl4 JIoIIrlI HeIrIa, r'l [paBuIOAT]IKBaH OT cTpacTTa, a B1'gAlrp)KaHH.flT, sHaefixn, uexeJraHuflTa My ca Jrorrru, He LrM ce [oA.qaBa, 6larogapeuneHa pasyMa cH. Kassar oule, qe 6nanopaeyuHtt.ffT e Bbsgbp-)KaH I,I TbpIreJII,lB, I{ eAHU Ka3BaT 3a Hero, tle BI,IHaTH e6naropaeyr"reH, a Apyrn -

qe He BlIHaru. Hsron cMecBarHeBb3[l,pxo.IJvlfl c HeBJIaAeetq Ce' a [pyrfi Ka3BaT' rle Cepa3ruqaBar(8). 7. 3a pascrgll4Bn.fl rIr,K noHtKora Ka3Bar,qe He Mo)Ke ga 6r4e HeBb3At p)KaH, a rloHtrKora -

qeHrKor,r [xopa], Kolrro ca pa3cbAJrr4rvt vt c JIoBr,K yM, caHeBT,3Al,p)Kasl,1'. l[. Oqe, 3a HeB'b3AbpXaH]I Ce roBoplt BbBBpb3Ka c lHeBa [r IIo orHorueHr,re Ha noqHTTa Ir lr3foAaTa.Taxusa ca Heurara, KoHTo o6nrnoseHo ce roBopflT.

TJIABA BTOPA

Brgnfixsa abrlpoct'T, KaK r{oBeK, xofito npaBHJIHo cxBa-rrlo, I HeBb3IIr'pxaH. Hqrou Ka3BaT 3a ro3lr, xofito e3Haerq, qe He e TaKT,B. 3auloro cTpalxHo e To3I,r, y KoloTor{Ma 3HaHpre, KaKTo e KagaJr Coxpar, Herqo Apyro Aa roBJralee u ,qa ro BJraqu cleA ce6e clr rro pa3HH Mecra Karopo6(9): Corpar uso6ulo ce e 6opnr 3a pa3yMHocrra, Karoqe rr4 He cbrqecTByBa HeBT,3,4r,p)KaHocT. 3allloro xnxoft,xofiro cxBarqa [upanunno], ne nrpurn Hr.rrrro [porHBHO HaHaft-go6poro, a [axo nocr:una] ]rHaqe - [to e] uopagllHe3HaHrre. 2. Brrpouevr roBa rBbp,qeHHe npornBopeqn oqe-BrrAHo Ha rrcHo rroKasaHure Herrla, n e seo6xoguMo ,qaHanpaBr4M pa3rJre)KAaHe Ha qyBcl'BoTo

- aKo To e nopa,4Hne3uanue, KaKbB e flT'l'qr Ha HesHaHuero. 3auloro flcHo e,qe HeBT,3,4t p)KaUlHflT Ce He MHCJII4 npeAl,r Aa Ce IIOflBn y

148 t49

API,,lCTOTEN

Hero qyBcrBoro. 3. I4rraa xopa(10), xoraro [prieMar HfKoHoT Te3U Hetua, a [pyru - He' Ka3BaT, qe HnIqO He e fIO-Morblqo or 3HaHI4ero, Ho He ca c'brJracHu, ve nrarofi ueIIOCTT,IBa TTpOTLiBHO Ha TOBa, KOeTO Ce IIpHeMa 3a IIO-go6po. 7I sarosa KasBar, qe HeBb3llr,p)KaHr.rr{T, roiiro Hq-Ma 3HaHlIe, a caMo MHeHUe, e noABJraCTeH Ha yAOBOJICTBIT-sra. 4. Ho sce naK aKo e naueHue(l1), a He sHaHrre, yr Hecult,JvlfrT Bb3rJreA ce npoTr.rBonocTaBfl, a HecHrypHVfiT

-KaKTo rrpu oHe3H, Ko]rro ce xo.ne6aflT - To e Hy)KHoCHLI3XOXAeH14e 3a OHe3ll, KOHTO He Ce npHllbp)KaT KT,M T-flX,Koraro ca u3rrpaBeHu cpeqy cvtntrr4 x.eilanttfl. A H.spracHr,rsxo)KAeHr{e 3a flopoqHocTTa, Hr,tTo 3a H.flKoe oT ApyrI{TeHerrla, Kor,rro 3acJryxaBar ynpeK. 5. CregosareJrHo, pascb-AJrr,rBocrra ce [pornBorrocraBfl. 3aqoro rx [uvenno] ecunua(1,2). O6aqe roBa e HeJrerro, roHexe raKr'B rroBeK rl1e6rge egnoBpeMeHHo pa3cr,AJrHB H HeB'r,3Abp)KaH, Ho HH-Koft HflMa [a Ka)Ke, r{e Ha pa3cT,p\nuBvrfl, e npncbqo rro cBoflBoJIfl IIa Bt'prut,t xaft-.norun Heula. I4 orqe KbM Te3n Heula:rro-HarrpeA(13) 6eure noKa3aHct, qe pa3cbAJrvBnflT e cKJlo-HeH Aa qeficrra; rtft raro ca My flpuct,rlu rocJreAHr4TeHerrla A vua [pyrr,rre go6po4erenm.6.I4 on1e, aKo Br,slbp-)KaHnflT Ce npotB.flBa B TOBa, AaJIn HMa CUJIHH tI JIOIIUxeJIaHHfl, ro 6naropa3yMHlr.flT ue 6u 6ul nrs4tprKaH, Hr,r-To Br,3Ar,pxaHHflT - 6naropa3yMeH. 3arqoro ua 6.naropa-3yMHr4r He e npucbrrlo HltTo [a Bbprrru HeyMepeHr.t Herrla,Hraro Aa r{Ma Jrorrrn lKeJraHHr. Ho sce nar rpn6na Aa e raKa

- noHe)Ke aKo xeJraHl,'.flTa ca IIoJIe3HH, TO KaqeCTBOTO,Koero sa6panana [a ce cJre4Bar re, rqe e Jlomo, KaKTo HeBcflKa BbsgbpxaHocr e go6ponop.flAbqHa. Ho aro cacta6un He ca IoIrIH, To Tr{ He e IIeHHa H yBaXaBaHa, HI,ITO e HelIIOroJrrMo, aKo re [xelannxra] ca nourn u cna6u.'7.1[. otye,aKo Bb3AT,pXaHOCTTa npaBn qOBeKa nOCTOflHeH BbB BC.SKOMHeHne, KaKTo It B JIbxJII{Br4Te HerIIa, Tfl e Jlo[ra. lfi axoHeBb3Abp)KaHOCTTa BOAr,r AO CKJTOHHOCT Aa Ce OTCTbnH OTBcrKo MHeHHe, rs 6u 6nla ssxaxsa go6ponoprAbqHa He-Bb3Ar,pxaqocr, KaKTo HanplrMep CoQoxnonHqr Heouto-JIeM Br,B "Ouroxrertt. Toft e AocroeH ga [oxBaJra 3aroBa,lle He OCTaBa Aa Ce npI,IAl,pXa KT,M HeIIIaTa, B KOI4TO e 6Uny6egen or Ogr,rcefi, rropagn roBa, qe 3a Hero e 6u,to Mr,qH-TeJrHo aa,nrxe(14). 8. tI orqe, coQncrnqecKoro pa3cb)KAe-Hne BoEH [o 3arpy,qHeHr,re. 3anioro coQucrure racKar Aa

t50 l5l

HI,{KOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHUTA VII

3acraB.flT ga 6rgar npHerr,r napaAoKcHTe, 3a Aa r{3rJrex4arC JIOBT,K yM' KOfaTO Ce HaTbKHaT Ha T'|gX - Cb3,qaAeHI'rtTcuJrorns:bM(15) car.a no ce6e cH e 6esnsxoAHocr, sarrloroMI{CI,JITa Ce OrpaHI,ttIaBa, KOTaTO He npl{eMa AOCTUTHaTI'!flLTSBOA rropa[U TOBa, qe He yAOBJreTBOpflBa, A He MO)Ke AaIIpO,4T,JI)KI'I IO-HAIIpeA IIOpaAI'{ TOBa' qe He e B cr,cTOtHI4eAa onpoBeprae pascbxgenuero(16). 9. CryuBa ce or Hq-Koe pa3cbxAeHr{e Aa cJIe/IBa roBa, tle 6e:pa:ctgcrBorosaeAHO C HeBbs,4r,pxaHOCTTa e gO6pOgereJI; 3auloro tIoBeKrrpaBlr o6parunre Ha cBor{Te [pe4craBl{ HeIIra ilopa[I4HeBbS[bpxaHocT H cxBarrla 4o6pogereJlHlITe rlocTl,IIKI,IKaro 3JIHHrt v Lre ue :rpx6na l(a ce flpaBflT, taxa qe tofiI rcrquocr] cxnanla, qe H3Br,puna go6pogereJl Hrr rlocrbn-KH , a He 3JrrrHrr. 10. 7I oure ro3I,I, xoftro rropa4lr roBa, qe cee y6egnn !r e Ha[paBHJr c'r,3Harelen ug6op, cu g,o_craBsyl{oBoJrcrBt fl vt tt4 npecaelBa, 6n n:rrexgan no-,qo6pe oroHsr.r, rofir:o He cT,rJracHO pa3yMa, a nopa/Ipl HeBbSAt'p)Ka-nocr [ro npasu]. floHexe rofi no-JlecHo Moxe Aa 6r,IeH3JreKyBaH, Tr,fi Karo Mo)Ke Aa 6-rAe rrpoMeHeHo y6ex4e-HueTo rvry. Hen;sgr,p)KaHuflT no[ala [o,q roroBopKaTa, B

Kotro Ka3BaMe: ,, Koraro ce 3aAaBHIrt or Bo,qa, KaKBoApyro ga ce nne?" 3au1oro, Koraro no y6e:rqeHl,le npaBlHerrlo, qoBeK rqe npecraHe, cJreA raro y6e;r,4eHr,rero My cerrpoMeHlr, a cera e He rro-Manro y6egen n [egHo] Helqo, HonpaBn Apyru Herqa. 11. I4 naxpa.fl, aKo HeBbsgr'p)KaHocrraI,r BT,3AlrpXaHOCTTa Ce OTHaCflT KT'M BCI'IqKI'I HeUa' rO xOfie HeBT,3Ar,pNaH [us]o6rqo rI BT'B scu.rxo? 3aqoro suroftHflMa y ce6e cu Bcr{rrKlt BI,rAoBe HeBb3,qr,p)KaHocr, a Ka3Ba-Me, qe HMa H.f,Korr [xopa], KoHTo ca nso6nlo HeBb3AT,p)Ka-su. 12. W rsi't, TaKuBa ca 3arpyAHer.nfl,Ta, Korrro BI3HI,IK-nar. Or rqx eAHn rpa6na ,4a 6blar rrpeMaxHarn, a Apyru -4a 6r,gar ocraBeHn. 3arqoro pa3perrreHr,rero Ha eAHo 3ar-pyAHeHrre e orKpnBarerrcrBo (e\ipeotE).

TJIABA TPETA

Haft-Hanpeg rpr6aa,qa ce pa3rJreAa, AaJrr{ snaeftxn yrulne, ti aro. :n4efi-Klr, KlK [n-qnrsgrpx(aHr.r,T9--,Ip-e_g.3t], ra

cl,IIIo B Kgr,I Herrla rpn6na Aa ce nper{eHrBa, qe qosex eHeBT,3ATtpxaH Lr BTr3Ar,p)KaH, r.e. Ai.ns BbB BcflKo y[,oBoJr-

cTBr,re H c'rpaAaH Lt e, vr nvt B Hg KolI o[peAeJI e H U, V l\arn e I\HHu CbIII UIV pAgJIrrqHI{ Ca BT,3/IT,p)KaHvflT lr H3/IpT,XJII,|B}IfIT

(rclpteptx6E). Ltt crr4o raKa 'rpr6B a I\a ee pa3rrreAar Bcr{q-Kr.r ApyrH Heua, Kor.rTo ca 6rn3KH Ha 'r'oBa uscrel\Faldle.2.Haqano:ro Ha r{gcJreABaHero e: IlaJrr{ Br,35l,pxaHHflT v He-BT,3AT'pxaHVflT Ce pa3IHqaBaT II0 TOBa B KaKBH HeIIIa CaTaKI4Ba, I.,'Itt4 B HaqHHa CH Ha OTHaCtHe, T.e. Haii-Hanpe[AaJrr{ HeBr3Al,pXaHHflT e HeBT,3Al'p)KaH CaMO nopaAr.t TOBA,qe e TaKbB B elHH lrJrr,t Apyru onpeAeJleHr,r Heua, vnvt HerIopaAI,I TOBa, a IIO HaqHHa, IIO KOfiTO Ce OTHaCt I/.JI'/ ,le)l Jlv vt rropaAl{ [BeTe; 14 c[eil, ToBa, [aJlH no oTHorrreHHe HaBcntIKI,I Hexla e HeBL3AbpxaHOCTTA U B'b3/Ibp)KaHoCTTa,r,rJIH He; 3arrloTo He no oTHorrreHHe Ha BcnqKu Herqa eTaKbB TO3r4, KOfiTO e U3O6[qO HeBbSA'bp)KaH, a B Te3r,r, BKOTTTO e pa3nycHaTl,,'flT, HO H He MO)Ke K'bM TflX Aa e TaKbBH3o6rqo (:arqoro roraBa pa3rrycHaroclra 6u 6una eAHo HcI,Irlo c HeBT'3/IlpxaHocTTa), a IIoHcxe no ToqHo onpeAe-JIeH Haqr4H e TaK'bB KT,M TflX. 3anIOrO eAl,i'P.VTflT [paenyCUa-Tnrrl e ynpaBJrflBaH or cBo6oAHHq r{s6op, Karo cMrra, qeBr,rHarI| Tpff6Ba IIa rpecJreABa HacTorrqoTo yAoBoJrcTBue, aApyrflrrr He cMrrTa TaKa, Ho ro rpecJre[Ba. 3. I/[ rti't, qe cLHeBb3Il'p)KaHH, [pOTI4BHO Ha I,TCTfiHHOTO MHeHHe, a HenpoTl{BHo Ha 3HaHHeTO, HflMa 3HaqeHHe 3a HaIrreTO pa3Cb-)KAeHUe. 3aqoro HrKotr oT xopaTa, KoHTo uMaT MHeHHe,He ce cbMHrBaT, a cMrTaT, qe 3HarrT TorrHo. 4. CneAosa-TeJIHO, aKO Te3H, KOIITO lrMaT MHeHHe, nOpaAU CIa6aTa CI,r

yBepeHocT, rqe HanpaBrT noBeqe oT 3HaetllnTe, npoTnBHoHa cBo.rl B'b3rJIeA, TO 3HaHHeTO nO HI,iIIIO HtMa ,4a CeOTTHIIABA OT MHCHHETO. 3AqOTO H'IKOI,I BSPBAT HE IIO-MaJTKO B TOBa, KOeTO

'rMaT KaTO MHeHHe, OTKOJIKOTO B

ToBa, Koelo sHarr, Xeparnrar'(17) noxasoa rcHo roBa. 5.I4Nra gsa HaquHa ,,ilace 3Hae(': ,,,qa ce 3Hae6( ce Ka3Ba tr 3aoH3H, KOfiTO UMa 3HaH[.s, HO He rH npuJlara, I{ 3a TO3H,KofiTo rrpl{Jrara 3HaHu.rrTa; pa3Jrr4KaTa e Mexly iloc'm,IlKH-Te Ha oH3't, KOfiTO IIpI,rTeXaBa 3HaHI4g, HO He rH npnJlara,lr To3r4, KofiTo [pr,rTe)KaBa 3HaHur, KoHTo rrpHJrara. [4ueH-HO TOBA, nOCJIeAHOTO, e CTpaHHO, a He TOBa, qe nOCTT,nBaT6es npuraraHe'ro Ha 3HaHr.rfl. 6. Vl oule, rroHe)Ke HMa [BaBUAa [peArrOcTaBKU, HHu-(O He npeqn Ha uMaIIIu.fl,4BeTe AanpaBr,r Herqo npoTr,rBHo Ha sHaHr{eTo, I,r3floJr3BafixU o6aqe

152 153

HIIKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA . KHUTA VII ffi

o6rqata rpe4rrocraBKa, a He rracrHara(18). 3auoro rocrar-rrKure ca qacrHrr cJryqaH. Ho H s caMoro c)6IIIo uMa pa3JII{-qus. 3auloro To Moxe Aa e B 3aBI,IcI,lMocr or caMoro Jl?rqe,a Moxe !r oT npe[MeTa, KaKTo HanpI,IMep ,,c)rxoTo e rIoJIe-3HO 3a BCeKU TIOBeK'( [peAIIOrAra Aa ce 3Hae, KaKBo eTIOBCK I' KAKBO HMCHHO HENIO C CYXO, HO AAJIH HEUIO C

'taKoBa, qoBeK I,rJlH He 3Hae, I,IJIt{ He }t3noJI3Ba 3HaHUeTO C}1.

Tpynno rlr4AHMa e pa3rl{Kara Me)KAy re3It I(Ba BH.qa 3HaHI'te.Tara qe He H3rJIexAa HHKaK crpaHHo, qe qoBeK rpeIrIH'aKo ro HMa Karo 3HaHfie rlo eAHHII'I HaquH, a e cTpaHHo [anperuu, aKo ro IrMa no [pyrnr{. 7.I4 otr\e, Bb3Mo)KHo exopaTa .qa nMaT 3HaHlte H rlo HaqI{H, pa3JII4qeH OT [Ocerar,r3Jro)KeHnTe. v tosu, KofiTo ro HMa, Ho He ro u3rloJl3Ba,BHx<AaMe Apyno KaqecTBO -

qOIleKnT B u3BecTeH CMHCI,JIfonMa,aBApyrry4nn, nr{fHHfl. Bnpoveu, B TaKoBa cT'croflHHe ce HaMH-par xopara, Kor,rro ca 06ra,4aHI,I or HflKaKBa cTpacr- 3arqo-TO Ct,CTOtHI,IflTa Ha rHJ{ll, rK)6oBHLl xeJlaHnt n HtKO}tI(pyrl4 TaKHBa oqeBH[Ho onH'IHtBaT I,l l'flJroTo, a y HtKoI'I[pe[H3Br4KBar rr 6esyrraue. Cne.u,onareJtHo rtcHo e, qe rpt-6sa Aa ce Kaxe, qe c?'croflHuero Ha Heo6y3AaHnre e Karo'rrxHoTo. 8. A ugxasBaHeTo Ha c'bx,qeHvIflTa, IIpoH3THqauHor SHaHl,rero, He 03HaqaBa HI,lulo. 3auoro v regw, KOI4To cao6r agaH u. or ctpacrn, peulrrl{par,qoK a3 areJr crBa H crl4xo-TBOpeHUtra Ha EMneAoKbJI, u 3anoqBa[Il4Te cBoero o6y-qeHne u3Jrarar pa3cbxAeHus 6eg npeKT'cBaHe, Ho 6e3

't1aHMar 3HaHUe. 3aUloro rpl6na 3aeAHo c pacrexa B Ttrx Aarropacre r,r 3HaHuero, a 3a rolla e Heo6xoll4Mo BpeMe.3arona rotsa, Koero roBopflT HOBb3,{bp)KaH14Te, rpl6na gace rJpHeMa KaK'ro AyMl,ITe Ha aKTr,opHTe. 9. I4 orqe, n noTO3U HaqHH MO)Ke Aa ce pa3r.I{exAa ecTecTBeHaTa npvqfi-Ha: e,4HO e MHeHr{ero sa o6uoTo, a ApJlro -

3a qacrHoro,3a KOeTO Beqe qyBcTBol'o e ynpaBJIflBatllo; KoraTo oT T5{x ceo<foprvrra eAHo MHeHpIe, To e seo6xoAuMo /Iy[IaTa,4a rloKa-xe npou3TeKJroTO 3aKJlloqeHHe, a ilpl4 oTHactqlrTe ce AoleftcrBuero HeIrIa - Be.qHara Aa C)T'Ae HanpaBeHo, KaKToHarrpuMep ,rpr6na Bcr{qKo cJIaAKo Aa 6bAe BKyceHo( , aTOBa e CJTaAKO, KarO HrKaKbR qacreH cryqait, ro neo6xo-llr.rMo e rora, xoero e B'b3Mo)I(Ho H HflMa IlpeqKH 3a Hero,BeAHara Aa 6rAe ocblrlecrBeno. 10. Koraro, cJreAoBareJI-rro, or gAHa cTpaHa npr{cT,crBa o6uoro MHeH}Ie, sa6paHn-

NI API,ICTOTEA

Barrlo ,qa ce BKycBa, a or [pyra crpaHa [unenneto], ueBcHqKo cJla[Ko e npl{flTHo, (a:ro geficrryna) , u roraro cecryqu /Ia npucbcrBa H BJleqeHnero, ToraBa eAHoro Ka3BaToBa Aa ce Hg6qrsa, a BJIeqeHI{ero [o,qrI,IKBa, 3alrroroBcffKa or qacrllTe Ha llyrrrara Moxe Aa Hlr :a4nuxra. floTaKbB HaqI'IH CTaBa TaKa, qe qOBeK )KuBee HeBb3trt'pXaHOrroA BJruqHI4e Ha pa3yMa I,r MHeHueto, 6es ro caMo rlo ce6ecn [a flporl,IBopequ Ha pa3yMa, a caMo no c.nyuafiuoct. 11.3aqoro Ha 3ApaBI,Iq pa3yM nporprBopeqld BJIeqeHHero' a HeMHeHr,reTo. Tara qe Aopl,r H rlopaAl,l Ta3I,I npHtIHHa )KHBOT-

HHTe He Ca HeBT,3,Ul,pxaHI{ * IIOHexe y TIIX He C'bIIIecTByBacxBarqaHe sa o6ulure HeIIIa, a caMo rlpelcraBa n naMeT 3aor[eJIHI4Te HeIrIa. 12. A no KaKbB HaqHH ce pa3pylxaBaHe3HaHUeTO I{ HeBb3Al'p)KaHUtT OTHOBO CTaBa SHaeIrl, O6r-

H 3a crr.flrrll4q. TO racae He caMo crpacrra, I'I e [peAMeT Ha

3aHrrMaHr{e Ha Qranoco{trare, TaKa qe or rrrx rpl6na Aa ceygHae. 13. flonexe ilocJIeAHoro yMo3aKJIloqeHI'Ie e MHeHI'I-eTo 3a qyBcTBeHo oce3aeMoTo lt TOBa, KoeTo e ynpaBJIflBa-uIO ilOCTT,nKI,ITe, .TO I,IJIH rO HflMa y TO3I'I' xOftfO e nOA

BJIHtHI,Iero Ha crpacrTL, vIJlvI ro HMa He Karo 3HaHue' acaMo KaTo IyMI4, KaKTO KarO qe rI,I nn.flH rloBTapfl cTl'IXO-BeTe Ha EuneIorul, I{ oqe, noHe)Ke HSrJIe)KAa' qe Kpafi-Hr,rfr TepMHH He e HUTO O6O6qaSaq' Huro 3a pa3JIuKa oro6o6rqenuero, e HayqeH; I{ I,tgrJIexEa, qe roBa e rr,pcur Aa[oKaxe Corpat(l9). 14. 3auroro crpacrra He Br'3HlIKBaTOraBa, Koraro rlpllc'bcrBa roBa, KoeTo ce cMtra' qe npe-ACTaBJItBa 3HaHI'IeTO B OCHOBHIIfl CMI4CT,JI Ha AyMaTa' I'l

cTpacTTa He ro fIoBJII{qa, a KoraTo npllcbcTBa 3HaHueTo'cBT,p3aHo c IIyBCTBI,ITeJIHOCTTa. w rbit, 3a 3Haeuuq nHe3Haeql,Ifl, n IIo KaKbB HaqI{H cTaBa TaKa' qe 3HaeqHflT)KHBee HeB'b3,{rrpxaHo, HeKa roJIKoBa 6lAe xagauo-

TJIABA TIETBbPTA

A no-sa:rartx rpn6ua Aa ce Kaxe AaJII{ }IMa HtKoft'xofiro ga e nso6uo HeBb3IIT,p>KaH, vtltvt BcI{qKI{ ca orqac-Tr,r, u aKo r,rMa, c KaKBo npra o6qo. I[.rtit', flcHo e' qe KbMyAoBoJIcrBnflTa v crpaAaHllflra(20) HMar orHouIeHLIe llBb3Abp)KaHVITe, V H3ApbxJII'IBI{Te' KaKTo H HeBb3AT'p)Ka-HI{TC I,I I,I3HEXEHI{TE.

154155

KOMAXOBA

2- lI o H e )K e or [ocraB"flul]rre yuoBoJrcrBue Heulac4Hr{ ca neo6xopl,rvru, Apyru caMlr no ce6e cu 3acJry)KaBarIIa 6rgar uztupauu, xa'ro o6aqe caMlr no ce6e cn cr'Ar,p-)Kar lr3JIr,rmt,x; Heo6xoItHM14 ca oHegH, KoHTo ca cB'r,p3aHHc ltr{JroTo - r4MaM rrpeABu[ oHe3I{, KoI4To ce oTHactT 3axpaHara u rIo6oBHHTe HacJraxAeHHr, r{ [pyrH nogo6Hn, -oT TeJrecHlrTe Herrla, cnprrMo KoH'r'o cbnocTaBnxMe pa3ny-cHarocrra u 6naropaeyM14ero; a re3u, Kolrro He 94ltg_g6'xo-AnM4,_,3ScJryxaBar 1a 6t4ar us6upaHu :apagn cavLrre rffx

- Iauau npegBu[ Har]pr.rMep no6e,qa, rorrn'r, 6orarctso Lr

nogo6nurc 6rara H yAoBoJrcrBvtfl)- T o oHe3u, Korrro B

TaKuBa HeuIa HaIIBrrrrraBar BbflpeK]r 3[paBr4s pasyM, xofiroe y r.flx, He Hapl{qaMe ,rl,I3o6lqott HeB'L3At,p)KaHH, a Karo/{OIIT'JIBaM9, r}I Hapl4tlaMe HeBl3A'Irp)KaHH K'bM IIapHTe,KbM noJr3aTa, KbM noql{TTa, KbM rHeBa, a He roBop}rMo6rqo, KaKTo 3a Apyrr4Te, r{ HapuqaHure raKa rro rroAo6lre,KaKTo ce Hapr4qa t{onex, xofiro e no6egul n Oluunuftcru-re wrpn(2t): o6rqoro noHflTHe ,,uoBeKt' 3a Hero MaJrKo ceoTrr,IqaBa or co6crreHoro uMe, Ho Bce ttaK ce pa3JrnqaBa.A 4orasa:reJrcrBo'ro e: HeBbsAbpxaHocrra 6una ynperna-Ha He caMo KaTo BUHa, a n KaTo HtKaKBa nopoqHocT, KoqTovrv e o6u1a, vilv e qacrHa, Ho HLrKo.fl or lflx He e ynpeKBa-rrA. 3. A oT Haco.IEHITTe KT,M TeJIecHHTe HacJIaA}I, cflopeAKor,rro HapuqaMe qoBeK 6raropaeyvreH H pa3rrycHar, oHslr,xoftro 6es ga e HanpaBr,rJr cb3HareJreu n:6op, Tbpcn yrsJrr-[reKa B y,qoBoJrcrBvl.ra v us6qrsa Lr3Jrl{[reKa B crpaAaHv -flTA, IJIAIIA I,l )Ka)KAaTa, n TOnJIHHATA U CTyiln, V BCVILIKI{Herrla, cBT,p3aHLr c oce3aHlrero n BKyca(22), u'nnpeKr,r cr,3-HareJIHr{.s us6op }r MncbJrra, ce Hapuqa HeB?,3.qbpxan 6esnpn6anxne Ha yrorrHeHr{e,qe e raKbB B onpeAeJIeHH Herrla,Hanpr,rMep B rHeBa, a [ce Hapnva] npocro raKbB neo6n1o. 4..{orasa'rercrBoro e, qe u3HexeHure ce HapHqar cro6pa-3Ho rflx ['rerecnnre y/roBoJrcrBunl, a He cbrJracHo HsKoe orApyrHTe. lL zapagn roBa nprreMaMe 3a e,[HaKBr,r HeBr,3Ar,p-)KaHr.rr n pa3fiycHaTvrfl, vt cl,Illo Bb3Abp)KaHun u 6naropa-3yMHLlff, HO HllKOrO OT nO-rOpHr{Te, [OpaAr4 TOBa ,qe nMaT "

o6rqo c eAHr,r u cr,lr1n yloBoJrcrBufl u crpagannx. flpnoHegn, Kolrro uuar o6n1o c elHH H cbrrru Herrra, ToBa He erlo e,qHaKbB HaqHH, a rrpu e.qHr4're no c'r'3Harelen us6op, arrpu Apyrr.rre - He. 3arosa [o-cKopo 6nxue HapeKJrr,r He-rlb3[r,pxaH To3H, xoftro 6es ga xerae cHJrHo HJr]r KaTo

xeJrae KpoTKo, rrpecJreABa [o-foJreMI,ITe ynoBoJIcrBl{fl vH36srBa yMepeHr{Te crpaAaHl{t, orKoJrKoro ro3t{, KoftToro [paB]r 6yftno nopaAr4 cunHo )KeJIaHHe. 3arqoro KaKBorrle HanpaBH rrlpBH.frT, aKo y Hero ce no'IBr{ MJIa,qe)KKI,ICHJTHO )KeJraHlre u cI,rJrHo cTpaAaHI,Ie nopaAH JlHncara HaHeo6xoAr,rMr.rre He[la? 5. Ho or xeJIaHI,tflTa v yloBoJ]crBI,I-flTa e,4H.Lr Ca ilo poA npeKpacHr,r u go6pvt, a o'f yAoBoJIcTBH-fra HflKor{ ro rpHpoAa ca llocroir,uu ga 6nIlar n36HpaHI,I,ApyrH - o6patuo Ha Tr{x, a TpeTH ca llo cpeAa'fa, KaKTo rl'lpasleJrnxMe no-rope(23): nanpr.rrraep rrapltre, rIoJI3ara, rlo-6ega'ra, uoqHTTa, a 3a BcurtKH Tlx I,I 3a ApyrI4Te, u 3acpe,4HHTe, XOpara ca noAJroxeHu Ha yrcop, He 3apaAtI LIsrI14-TBaHeTO Ha BTr3AefiCTtsue H c'IJIHOTO XeJlaHI4e, U nlO6onta,a 3apaAr.r rciBa, KaK [peBr,IuaBar. 3arosa [ca ynpernaur,r]BCI4qKI,I, KOI,ITO B'bIIpeKH 3ApaBH"fl pa3yM vtilu Ce BT'3,qbpxaToT r{Jrr,r npecJrelBaT Heulo, KoeTo no npupo[a e [peKpacHor,r 6laro, KaKTo Ha[pr{Mep ce rpuxar 3a roqnT noBeqeorKoJrKoro rpx6sa, r,rJrr,r 3a.qeqa Lr poAI,ITeJlLI. 3auloro r:esttHeula cT,rrlo rlpl,rHaAJrexaT KbM 6.uarara u cTpeM.flIrlHTe ceKt'M TflX 6usar xBareHrl; Ho Bce lraK I,IMa H.flKaKBo [peBH-rrraBaHe 14 B Tffx, aKo HflKofi, KaKTo Huo6a(24), ce 6opu[porHB 6oroeere uilv ce orHact xlvr 6arua cI{ KaKTo OH3I,I

carup(2l), roftro r,rMa ilpo3Bnrrlero oruelrc6eq, 3alrloror,r3fJrex,{aJr, qe rBT,pAe rJrynaBo ilocTbnBa. cnelosaTerHoHflMa HHKaKBa noportHocr B Te3H Heula c orJle[ Ha ToBa,Koero Ka3axMe, rroHe)Ke BcflKo eAHo HeIrIo caMo rlo ce6e curlo rrp14po,4a nprnHa/IJrexu KI'M 4ocrofiHure sa u:6upaue. ATe3r4 or rrx, Konro ca Jroruu n rpr6na Aa 6t Aar I4g6flrBaHI,I,ca rrpeBr,ruaBaHufl'ra. 6. Ho cr,ulo raKa HsMa H HeBb3,qr,p-)KaHoCT; SaIIIOTO HeBT'3Al,pxaHOcTTa He CaMO rpn6na ga6tge uz6nrBaHa, a cbrr1o e l,t or reg]I, KoI,ITo,rpt6na 4a6rgar yrpeKBaHH. flopagu no[o6uero ft c uyncrnoro ro-BOpI,rM 3a HeBb3AT,pXaHOCT' KaTO lloyToqHflBaMe 3a BctKOoTAeJTHO HerrIO, KaKTO HarIpUMep JIoIII JIeKap I,IJILT JIOUr

aprucT,3a HtKoro, Koforo Hr4Kofi He 6n HapeKT,JI H&rIbJlHonour. Cne,qoBareJrHo, KaKTo ryK He toBoprlM TaKa nopaAnTOBa, qe or Te3r,r Herqa He BcgKo orAeJIHo e 3JII4Ha, arlopaAH ct'oTBeTcrBI,Ie e IIo,uo6no ua 3JInHa, 'raKa, oqeBItA-Ho, r,r raM rpn6na Aa ce rrpueMa, qe caMo ra3n HeBb3AT'p-)KaHocr n ra3I,I Bb3gbpxaHocr, Korrro lruar o6rqo cr'ccr,runre Herrla, c KoHTo 6naropaeyvruero u pa3nycHarocr-

ra" A 3a rHeBa roBoplrM rropaAu cxoAcrBo u no no4o6ueHaprlqaMe H.flKoro HeBT,3AT,p)KaH, Karo 4o6auue, ve eHetsTr3llbpxaH nO OTHOIII€HH€ Ha IHeBa, KaKTO lI IIO OTHO-IIreHHe Ha froqHTTa H Ha MaTepr,{aJrHaTa u3ro,qa.

IJIABA TIETA

Ho noHexe Hr{Kor{ Herrla ca npvfllHtt no [p?rpoAa v orTrrx elHr.r ca uso6ulo TaKr{Ba, Apyrn [ca raxnaa] cnopegpoAa Ha )KHBOTHHTe r.r Ha XOpaTa, a TpeTu He Ca, a cTaBaTTaKUBa - eAHr.{ OT TrrX qpe3 He,qbraBocT, Apyru -

qpe3HaBI,rrlI4Te, Tpe'rH - rropa,4u JrorrraTa cH [pHpoAa, - To lrBbB BCI4qKU TflX MOfaT Aa Ce BHI{,iT fIOqTU e[HaKBI{ Kaqe-crsa.2. fonopa 3a 3BepcKure, KaK.To Harrpr,rMep Ka3Bar 3aegHa )KeHa, qe cJre11 Ka:ro orBapxna ea6peueHelr4Te )KeHu,uSflxAaJIa AeuaTa, HJru Ka3BaT, r{e ce paABaT Ha TaKuBaHex{a HrKor{ or ,u}rBaqnre oKoJro lloHra(26) -; egHr,r HacypoBo Meco, ApyrH - Ha qoBeruKo, 3a TpeTH frbK roBopflT,qe AaBaT [eqaTa cH eAHV Ha Apyrn 3a yroqeHHe, vru ToBa,Koero ce pa3KasBa e a @arapnu,(27).3. Elnn KarrecrBa ca3BepcKH, a Apyrn nopa[u 6onecr Lr JryAocr y HqKor,r xopa cerrepa)K,{ar, KaKTo y ro3vt, roiiro npuuacxftxu MaftKa cH B

)Keprtsa, fl, yt3fl,rr, n oH3H? xofiro l,rgrJr qepHux gpo6 nactpo6a cr.r. A HrKor.r ubcroflHnfl ca Karo 6olecr rrJrr{ norrpnBuqKa, Karo Hanpuvrep cry6anero r{a Kocara u rpr,rga-HeTO Ha HOKTrrTe, r{ OrUe Xap v flp:bcT [a ce flAe; ApyroTaKoBa cr,croflHue rrbK e rr:6osHoro BJIeqeHHe KbM Mt,-xe. flpra eAHH Tesu ctcroflHnfl ca no npnpoAa, a rpr,r Apyruce noryqaBar B pe3yJrrar Ha rrpLrBraura(28), Hanpr,rMep rplrTe3I,r, KoHTo or geqa ca6nnu rroAJraraHn Ha HacnJrlre.4-I4,rrff, ouesu, y KoHTo npuquHa e npr4po4ara, unrofi ne 5uHapeKLJI HeB'L3,4'bp)KaHH, KaKTO He Ce Ka3Ba TaKa 3a )KeHI{-Te, KoHTo n rro6ogra ca nacuBHrr, a He aKTr.rBHI,I; no ct,ulu.gHaqr4H [ne ce Ka3Ba raxa] H 3a oHesu, Kor,rro Hocrr Heuloxaro 6onecr flopaAri ilpuBuqKa. 5- lrl'rci,t, BcflKo or re3ucbcTorHHr ce HaMHpa h3Br,H npaHnrlr.rTe Ha nopoKa, KaKTo3Bepc'rBoro, & Ea ce B'b3gr,p)Karu uJrr{ Aa 6tAenr cgr'pxaHHe o3HaqaBa I{eB'b3AT,p)KaHocr u3o6ulo, a caMo no rrogo-6He, raxro Harrpr4Mep roBa qyBcrBo HarroAo6nra ro3lr,rofiro e pa3rHeBeH, Ho He rpn6na ga 6tge HapeqeH HeBb3-Aa,p)KaH. 3auloro BcrrKa Ha.qB trul aB atll a MrpKara 6espasct-

156 157

AHOCT, CTpaXJIIIBOCT, H eBT,3,4t'pxaHOCl' I,I Bpa)K,4e6HOC'f er,rJru 3Bepono,qo6Ha, I,IJr14 [T,JIxaua ce Ha 60recr. 6. 3aqoroxofi'ro no rrpr4poga e raKbB, qe or BcutIKo ce crpaxyBa,Aopr,r aKo npouryMoJrlr MHrrrKa, e cTpaxJIHB c xlIBoTItHcKI,Icrpax, a xoftro ce crpaxyBa or KorKa, e ilopa,ql,t 6oaecr. Aor 6eeyuuure eAHH no flpnporHa ,qageHocr He Morar /raMficrqr lr xuseefirn caMo rlpe3 cerl4Bara) ca Karo )KHBor-HLtTe, KaKTO HtKoll oT ,UareqHHTe BapBapcKI4 fIJIeMeHa, a

Apyrn - nopa,qu 6o.necr, KaKTo Ha[plrMep 6olnnre ornpHcrr,nu Ha enHJrefrcnfl vltu JtyAocr. 7. Moxe H-sxoilTaKbB CaMO nOHt{KOra Aa HMa TaKI4Ba CbCTOtHI4fi, HO [a HeuM ce rroAqrrHrBia, HanplrMep KaKTo @anapr,r4 ce KpueJI,-qecr,tJrHo xeJrae ,qa lr3flAe ,qeTe HJII,I I,IMa HenpuJIUqHI4 nro6o-BHlr HacJraAn. Cnyura ce nsxofi Aa HM ce no,u,quHqBa, a HecaMo Aa rr{ r4Ma. 8- CneAosareJrHo KaKTo noporrHocrra oreAHa crpaHa cro6paeno qoBeKa ce Hapltqa ueo6uqo [opo-qHocT, a oT Apyra cTpaHa rlpu ,qonbJIHeHI{eTo, qe e 3Bepo-nolo6ua r4Jrr,I nopaAu 6onecrso cl,croflHue Ha qoBeKar Hee noporlHocr g o6ll1ug cMIict'JI, lro cr,ul,Ifl HaqI,IH e r{cHo, qe

r,r eAHa HeBbsAl,pxaHocr e 3BepcKa? a Apyra - fi61ss1gn,HO TaKaBa n o6u1un cMI,Icl'JI e caMo oHa3n, KoflTo cTroTBe-TCTBa Ha qOBeIIIKaTa pa3nycHaTOCT. 9. W tti,t, qe HeBT,3-

lbpXaHOCTTa H BT,3A1'pXaHOCTTa KaCaflT CaMO TOBar ,4O

Koero ce orHactr pa3rlycHarocrra u 6laropagyMldero, I'Iqe tlo oTHorueH]re Ha pa3JIIttIHI4Te Heua I,IMa pa3JII,IqHI,IBnAoBe HeBb3AbpxaHocT, Koqro ce HapI,Iqa raKa rlpeHoc-HO, a He e ,rI.{3O6rqO* TaKaBa, e flCHo.

TJIABA IIIECTA

IIle nuguvr, qe flopoqHocrra npn rHtB e rIo-MaJIKono3opHa or oHasI,I B )KeJraHr,rrra(29\.3al]Ioto I{3rJIe)KAa, serHeBbT ce BcJry[IBa,qoHqKbAe B pa3yMa, Ho qyBa HeAocTa-Tr,trHo, KaKTO 6rpso,qBuxenlnTe ce IIpLIcJIyxHItIIH, KoHTonpeAlr Aa Ca qyJIH BcHtIKO Ka3aHo'

'IsxBpt,KBaT O? CTatTa Il

cJrel ToBa rperxar rrpu l,l3rlbJrHeHHero Ha rloplqKure, vl

Kyqerara, ilpegr4 ga ca pas6paJlli AaJII{ e qoBeK UJII{ e caMoIUyM' JIatT; IIO CT,IIIU"I Haq]IH IHeBbT, IIOpaALI TOBa, qe eropeq n c 6rpra npupoAa, ,qotlyBa, Ho He u3cJlyrura 3arlo-Be,r{Ta, a 6rpso ce cfiycKa KbM orMtuleHnero. 3auloropasyMbr nru nro6paxeHuero My noKa3Bar, qe ItMa HaA-

158 159

MeHHOCT nJrr.r flpeHe6pexenue, a oTTaM KaTo qe JrI,t cTI{r-HaJr Ao caKJnoqeHlrero, qe rpa6na c raKoBa Herrlo ,qa ce6opn, BeAHara ce rroKagBa npaxge6en. A;xelasuero, aKoCaMO pa3yMl'T IIJIII qyBCTIIOTO Ka)Ke' qe H€IIIO AOCTaBfly,IOBOJI CTBHe, nOITLIKBa KT,M BKycts aHe Ha yUOBoJTCTBneTO.Taxa qe rHeBbr rro HrKaK'bB HaquH cJreABa pa3yMa, a)r(eJraHHero - He. CneAosarenHo ['rol e lro-cpaMHo. 3aqo-TO H9B'L3A1,p)KaHHJ{T B rHeBa ce [O/ItIHHtBa Ha pa3yMa' aApyrnrr - Ha qyBcrBoro, a He Ha pa3yMa. 2. W on1e,npeAr,r3Br,rKBa noBeqe cHI,I3xo)KAeHue cJIe.qBaHeTo Ha npu-poAHuTe Helrla, H oIIIe rloBeqe Ha TaKuBa BJreqeHl,tt, KoLIToca o6n1u 3a BcuqKu u AoKoJIKoro ca o6utr.r; a rHeB'br H

npaxge6Hocrra ca ilo-ecrecrBeHn or BJleqeHusra KbMI43JrI4IUl,qU U Kl,M Helqa, KOI,ITO He Ca neO6XoAUUll. TaXaKaKTO 3ailInraBaullaflT Ce, .re e Ha6ul 6aqa cll, Ka3aJI:

,,3auloro n rofi cr,ulo [ua6ran] cBofl, I{ oH3I4 - cBofl",14noxagsafixu l{erero, ,,I'r rogl,I TyK - MeHtt, KagaJI, ,rKorarocraHe Mb)K". 3anloro raKr,rBa cMe B HaITITIJ{ poA- tr{ To3I,I,KOIOTO CHHl,T My BJIatIeJI' My 3aIIOBfl,qaJI Aa Cnpe AO BpaTa-Ta, 3arrloro u rofi 6ur AoBrqKbJI cBot{ 6aqa Aorau. 3. VIoule, [o-HecnpaBeAJrHBr{ ca oHe3H, Ko}tro ca no-KoBapHu.A cupuxanr{flT He e KoBapeH, Hl,rro rHeBT,T, a ca IBHI,I.X(enasrae'io nt,K e, KaKTo Ka3Bar 3a AOpoAIlTa:

,,PogeHara n Kunrp, r,rgMaMHo rrJrerrrrra KoBapcrBo((,u Ovrrap 3a u3Be3aHu.ff Bl'JrIne6eH lroflc na A(lpograra:

,,flpurraunaHe, Koero MHoro nr'Tr{ e orKpaABaJIo yMaHa pasyMHux."(30)

Tara qe aKo e rro-HecrrpaBegJrl,rBa Ir rro-rlogopHa raguHeBbSATIp)KaHOCT OT OHa3I,I B rHeBa' TO Tf I,IMeHHO e HeBb3-[r,pxaHocr l,rso6uo u B u3BecreH cMncbJr nopovHocr.4. I4orqe, HnKoii He ce [bpxn HaAMeHHo, KaTo crpala, a BceKn,npanefixn Herqo nopaAH rHflB, ro [paBr,r crpa,4aftru, ,qoKa-ro roiiro ce [pp)Ku Ha,(MeHHo, ro npaBrl c yAoBoJrcrB]re.C.negonareJrHo., aKo Heulo e roJrKoBa ilo-HecnpaBegJrrrBo,KOJTKOTO no-CnpaBeAJrr,rBO Ce THeBHM OT HerO,'rO 6eg Cr[,t-HeHrre raKaBa e HeBt3Abp)KaHocrra rropa.qu >relanue. 5. I4rrft, ve HeBtggbpxaHocrra, cBbp3aHa c )KeJraHr,Iero e rro-[o3opHa oT Ta3I,t) cBt,p3aHa c rHeBa, It cbIIIo, qe Bb3AT,pxa-Hocrra r{ HeBbggr,pxaHocrra uuar o6uo c reJrecHrnre)KeJraHr{.fl Lr yAoBoJrcrt4r,, e r,cHo.6. Ho rpr6oa 4a ce pae6e-par pasJrHKHTe Mexgy rqx. 3arqoro, KaKTo Ka3axMe B

IiFiIFI API,iCTOTEA

Haqaroro(31), eAHu ca qoBerrrKu H gcrecrB er'la vr no po[, ]rno cTeneHTa cu, ,qpyru ca xnBoTHHcKr,r, a TpeTr.t ca nopaAr,rHeAbraBocr u 6orecrn. Or r.rrx KbM nbpBrare ce orHacrrcauo 6naropa3yMxero u HeBbg1t,p)Kauocrra, 3aroBa HeHap?rqaMe 3BepoBere nuro 6naropa3yMHr4, HHTo HeBT'3-,qbpxaHn, a caMo B npeHoceH cMHcr,Jr, r,t aKo z:o6qo egnnpoA xHBoTHu ce pasrnqaBa oT Apyr no HrKaKBa Ha[MeH-Hocr I,r HeHacurHocr, n JraKoMun(32).3aulo'ro HrMa HnrocbsHareJlen us6op, nuro o6vrucJrrHe, auua, orKroH.f,BaHeor [pupoAara, KaKTo npu JryAHTe xopa. 7- 3nepcrnoroo6aqe e [o-MaJrKo Jror[o or rlopoqHocrra , Ho e [o-crpar[-uo(33). 3arqoro He ce pa3pyrrraBa, a orctcrra, Hafi-go6po-To :* AoKoJrKoro ro nMa - y qoBera. Cre,qotsareJrHocbrrloro e KaKTo Aa ce rbpcr{ Koe e ilo-Jromo npr4 cpaBHe-HHe Ha HeOAyrXeBeHO C O[yueBeHO Cl,qeCTBO . IIOseXeBriHaru rro-6esnpe4Ha e [opoqHocrra y roBa, Koero Hr{MaHaqaJro, a yMbr e Haqaro. cneAosareJrHo rroqrr{ e[HaKBOe cpaBH.flBaHeTo Ha HecilpaBelJr14BocTTa c HecrrpaBeAJrI.IBqoBeK. 3arqoro cnopeg cJryqar BcflKo Moxe [a e no-Jroruoor Apyroro. II{e r,rsnr,purn 6es6poitr.vr gnur'u no-BepoqrHoJIOIIIHflT qOBeK' OTKOJIKOTO 3Bflpl,T.

UIABA CEAMA

flpra ygonoJrcrBr{rra r{ crpaAaHnrra, nopoAeHu or oce-3aHlteTo v BKyca, u npu )KeJIaHutra H u36rrBaHl,Itra, cfro-pe[ Kor,rro H HeBb3Ar,pxaHocrra, r.r 6naropasyr.araero(34)lo-rope onpeleJruxMe, Moxe Aa ce cJryqr{ Aa r{Ma TaKoBaKaqecrBo, qe nqrorl Aa 6r.qe no6eqeH or raKr{Ba, or KoHTofioBerrero xopa ca fIo-cHJIHH, a Mo)Ke n ga no6egu raKilBa,npeA Kor,rro MHo3r,rHcrBoro orcrbnBa. Or rqx o6ave nrp-BI{gT e HeBb3[lrpxaH IIo OTHOUI9Hlle Ha yIOBOJICTBIteTO, a

Ta, eAr{HHrr e H3He)KeH, a Apyrnqr e r,r3gpbxJlns. ffocpelara e KaqecrBoro Ha MHoSr.rHcrBoro xopa, '{oprr aKo cacKJroHHr,r noBetre KbM rro-Jrorrlr{Te Irauecrra]. 2. .floxonxo-To H.rrKor{ or yAoBoJrcrBr4J{Ta ca seo6xo,qr,rMH, a Apyrl4 orTflx He, unr,r [caruro] '4o HrKaKBa crerreH, a HarBHrrraBaHnrrage ca neo6xogllMn, HI,ITO He,uocrl,tql{Te, I{ rto ct rrlu-fl HaqHHcTotT Her4aTa r{ IIo oTHorrreHHe Ha )KeJraHr,rflTa u cTpal\aHv-flTa, To ro3r,I, KofiTo ce crpeMu KT,M H3Jru[IeK urv 3apa!n

Effil HHKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHUrA Vil li--E--ffiil

cT,3HaTeJren us6op, rI orlle, shpagra Tqx caMsTe u gapa,I!*l

Hlrrqo Apyro, npon3Tt4traqo or rsx, e pa3rrycHar(35). noueo6xogutvrocr, Tofi He e raKT,B, ge Aa ce pasxaftna saHarrpaBeHoro, TaKa qe e HeplgJlequM. 3auloro ro3r{, rofttoHe ce pa:raftna ga HarrpaBeHoTo, e Her{3Jleqnu. Tosu,rofrro nMa Hegocrura B crpeMe)Ka K'r,M yAoBortcrrvtfl, errporlrBo[oJroxeH, a cpeAHHrr e 6laropaeyMeH. flo ctrquaHarrltH n Hs6qrsaurlrrr reJrecHl.ITe HacJraAr,r He 3apaAu ro-Ba, qe e no6eAes [or :ux], a 3apaAI,I cr,3HareJlHun wz6op, epa3[ycHaT. 3. A or re3l,t, y KoI,ITo HtMa cr,3HareJleH us6op,elnH ce Bolrr or y,uoBoJrcrBuero, Apyr - or L{36flrBaHeroua cxpr6ra, nopaxlaqa ce or )KeJIaHIlero; TaKa qe re cepa3ruqaBar rroMex,qy cu. Ho Ha BcuqKI,I I,tM I,I3rJrexAa, ale

e no-Jrorl To3u, xoftro 6es ga xeJrae c]rJrHo, unn [cavro] cTr4XO XeJraHUe, [paBH Herrlo cpaMHo, orKoJrKoTo To3I,l,xoiito cr,rJrHo xeJrae, KaKTo ro3r,r, rofiro yqpfr, 6es Aa epa3rHeBeHr oTKoJIKOTO OH3LI, rOfirO e pa3rHeBeH; 3aITIOTOKaKBo 6u HanpanuJr, aKo r,r3rrr,rrBa uynctno? 3arosa pasny-cHaru.sr e rro-JroIrr or HeBb3[r,p>ranun(36). Or neulara,3.aKOHTO rOBOpLrM, CJTeAOBaTeJIHO, eAHOTO e IO-CKOpO BI4AMeKyrrraBocr, a KoiiTo r4Ma Apyforo, e pa3nycHar. 4- HaH9BT' 3AT,p)K Alll'l'fl e IIpOTI{ B OIOJI O)K eH B b3AT,p)KaH }I.flT, HAMeKyIuaBI,lt IIbK

- H3Abp)KarqHtT; 3aIqOTO ,44 I{3nT,p)KaIII

e B TOBa Aa ycToflBaIII' AOKaTO BT'3[l,pxaHocTTa e B TOBa Aace cIT,p)KaIII, a [pOTI4BOnOCTaB9H€TO I.r clbpxaHeT0 capa3JruqHH Herrla, KaKTO t4 ilL He 6rAeur HaABr,rT e pa3JrI,IqHoor roBa Aa no6e,4uur, SaroBa H rro-Aocrofina ga us6npaHee Bb3Abp)KaHocTTa, OTKOJI KOTO I'I3,4pr'xJI I,I BocTTa. 5. Bnpo -qeM Tosrr, Ha Kororo He Aocrr4ra [cHna] no oruolrexue HaHeIIIara, Ha KOI{TO MHO3I'IHa Ce [poTIrBOrIOCTaBtr, ]r rOMorar [rora], rofi e uexy[raB r{ H3HexeH. 3arroro r4 pasKo-lrrHlt"flT xIrBoT e HrKaKBa uSHe)KeHOCr. Tarrs e ro3rir,KoftTo BJraqu nJrarqa cu(37),3a [a He cr.r cb3AaBa ycrtilve Aa

xaJIbK, MaKap qe npHJrr{qa Ha xaJr6K. 6. IIo cblrlr4fl Haqr{He n no orHorueHue Ha Bbs[bp)KaHocrra r'I HeB'bsAbpxaHo-crra. 3arqoTo .aKo nsxofi 6rqe no6e4eH or cvrJtlanaTe ulpeKoMepHr,r y,4oBoJrcrBufl.,He e 3a yqylBaHe, Ho e AocToeH3a rIporIIKa, aKo ce e I0ATIHHI,IJI, [porliBonocraBgftKn ce,KaKTo On.noxrer(38) Ha Teouexr ropaAu ToBa, qe 6nnyxanaH oT orpoBHa 3Mr{q? Ia KaKTo Kepxr,rfi B ,,Aroflett Ha

ll160 l6l

]ffiil APUCTOTE^ IffilK"p-r"(3r),pynaHl,It cMffx, *rs6yxnar BbB Br,rcoK cM.f,x, KaKTo ce cryrlH-Jro Ha KcenoQaH:r(a0). Ho 3a yqyABaHe e, aKo s.sroftorcrlnr{ npeA Herrlara, Ha Kor,rro MHo3r{HcTBoTo e B cbcro-sHr,re ra nporraBocror,r, r{ He Moxe ga [uvr] ce npornBono-cTaBI,r, I{ TO He rropaAr,r cBofl BHA npl4poAa I,IJII,I nopaAn6orecr, KaKTo npr4 rlapere Ha cKnrplTe l{3HexeHocrra eHaCIe,qCTBeHa B pOAa I'I KaKTO XeHCKI4ffT IIOJI OTCTI IIBa Harnrr:xrrax(41). 7 - Izlrpunn.nr cbrrlo r,r3rJlexAa pa3rlycHar,o6aqe toft e H3HexeH. 3arqoro urpara e ornycKaHg, Ao-KOJIKOTO e fIOqI,IBKa, L VlrpulBt fT e OT Te3I4, KOI{TO B HeflHaABr,rrnaBar MrpKara. 8. Ha nesr3Abp)KaHocrra e npnc!-rrla or eAHa crpaHa upu6rpsaHocr, a or Apyra - cJla6ocr.3auloro resn, Kor,rro rrpeABapI,ITeJIrIo ca B3eJIIt peruenue,He Ce IIpHAT'plKaT KbM HeIIIaTa' 3a KOI{TO Ca B3eJI}I peue-Hr,re nopaAr,r cTpacT, a Apyrn IIbK rH BoA[r CTpacTTa nopaAr{TOBa, q9 He ca B3eJrU peureHl4e. H.axon, Karo re3lt, KolIToca ce norbAeJrnqKaJrr,r caMr,r npeABapI{TeJIHo, He }rSrII,ITBaTrbAeJr, lr KaTo Tflx n oHe3H, KoI,tTo ca [peAqyBcTBaJII,I lInpeABlr)KAarla v ca pas6yAilrn npelBapI,ITeJIHo caMI,ITece6e cu r4 pa3cb[bKL cn, He ce nonql,IHflBaT Ha crpacrra,HesaBnclrMo ,qaJrlr ce Kacae 3a yAoBoJIcTBHe UJII,I cTpaAa-sue. Ho Haft-seqe 6yituure u cKJToHHHTe KbM MeJIaHxoJIHffn*rar npn6bp3ana xenrsgrpxaHocr. 3alr1oto egnu ot 6tp-svrlnl, Apyrn or 6yfiHocr, He roqaKnat [r.naca ua] paeyr"ra,nopaAu ToBa, qe ca cKJroHHr,r Aa cJIelBaT Bbo6paxeHueTo[cul$z).

TJIABA OCMA

PasnycHarr.rflT, KaKTo 6eme xasaHo(43), He e cuoco6enAa ce pasKafisa sa cropeHoro. 3aqoro ce npnAbpxa KbMToBa, 3a Koero e HarrpaBnJr ns6op. A scexu HeBbsAbpxaHce paexaftna 3a cropeHoro. 3arosa Helrlara croflT He raKa,KaKTO B pa3r,rCKBaHeTO Hr,r, a nt,pBrttT e Her{3JIequM, AoKa-To BTopr.rrr Moxe Aa 6rge r,r3JreKyBaH. 3auqoro floporrHocr-Ta LrgrJrexla no,{o6sa sa 6orecru Karo BoAHtHKara I,I

oxrlrKaTa, a HeBbSAbpxaHocTTa - Ha enllJlencngra: nbp-BATa e [polbJrxHTeJrHa, a BTopara - MoMeHTHa nopoq-Hocr. Ir[ ngo6uo pasrnqeH e po[br Ha HeBbs[bpxaHocrralr nopoqHocTTa; SarrloTo nopoqHocrra ce flplrKpuBa, a

t62 t63

HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHI,IFA VII

HeBb3gr,pxaHocrra He Moxe Aa ce cKpne. 2. Ot raKuBaxopa no-[o6pr,rre ca oHesl,r, Kor,rro ca cKJroHHr{ [a ]rgnaAarBt|B Bb3TOpr, OTKOJIKOTO OHe3U, KOI,ITO OT e,qHa CTpaHauMaT pa3yM, Ho oT Apyra cTpaHa He ce llpnAbpxaT Ka,Mnero(44). 3aqoro re ce rIo[qnHrBar Ha rro-MaJrKara crpacru xe 6es npegBapr,rrelso o6uucJrsHe, 3a pa3JrHKa oT Apyrn-:re. Hesrglt,pxaHI,I.flT e uogo6eH Ha oHegn, Kolrro ce Hanl4-aar 6rpso It or MaJrKo BraHo, T.e. c no-MaJrKo, orKoJrKoroMHo3 r,r HcrBoro xopa. 3. Vl rsfi, qe HeBb3Ar,p)KaHocrr a H e enoporrHocr, e rcHo. Ho uoxe 6n r nqraKt,B cMl{cbJr e;3aIIIOTO OT elHa CTpaHa e B [pOTl4Bopeque cTrC CbgHaTeJI-Hux us6op, a or Apyra cTpaHa - B cborBercrBue c Hero.Bce nax B rrocrbrrKnTe ca nogo6Hu, KaKTo e Ka3aJr .[er"ro-[oK 3a Mr{Jrerqr{Te: ,,Mulerqnre(45) He ca rJrynaBlr, HofipaBtr raKuBa Herrla, KaKBr4To rrpaBrr rJryrraB14Te.t' TaKaI,I HeBbSAbpXaHr,rTe He Ca HeCnpaBeAJII,rBH, HO IIOCTbIIBaTHecnpaBegJrlrBo. 4. floHexe eAr,rH e raKT,B, qe He nopaAl,ty6exgeuue ilpecJreABa reJrecHnTe yAoBoJrcrBvtfl B vzltv-rueK H rrporlrB 3[paBr{r pa3yM, a Apyr - no y6e:r4eHrae,[oHe)Ke e TaK6B, qe ce cTpeMIt KT,M TtX, CJIeAOBaTeJIHOrrr,pBnflT e JreceH sa y6exganaHe B [pyro, a BTopr,rrr - He.3anloro go6pogereJrra 3arra3B a rrpr{Hrlrirra, AoKaro nopoq-HOCTTa rO yHr{illo)KaBa, a rrpH nocTr,nKnTe rrpr4HrlHrrbT eToBa, sapa1r,r KoeTo [re ee npnevra:r], KaKTo B MareMarrr-Kara ca rpeArroJroxeunna(46). Bnpouer*l pa3yMr,T He Mo-)Ke ,qa npenoAaBa HaqaJraTa HHTo B Her, HtrTo B Apyrr{flcnyvaft, no go6pogereJrra- nJrn [pnpoxna,vilv npu4o6u-Ta qpes rrpr.{Br{KBaHe - yqu ua oQopnalHe Ha rrpaBr,rJrnoMHeHlre 3a Harraroro. Kofiro e raKbB, e 6.naropasyMeH, aIIpOTIIBOIIOJIO)KHLIxT Ha HeIO e HeBb3AT,pXas. 5. A vOxeAa cbulecrByBa H TaKbB troBeK, rofiro rIoA BJrr4J{HI{e HacTpacTTa HsnaAa B eKcTas [poTr,tBHo Ha 3ApaBks pa3yM, r,r

KO|OTO CTpaCTTa BJraAee TaKa, qe He nOCTbnBa B CbOTBe-TcrBr{e cbc 3ApaBrlr pa3yM, Ho He raKa, qe 4a e y6egeH, ueTaKlrBa yAoBoJrcrBun rpn6na ga 6tgar cJreABaHr,r 6ee ea4-pr,)KKn. Tofi ne BJraAee caM'vrfl, ce6e cn [r TaKbB goBeK eHeBbsAr'pxaawnr(47), roftro e no-go6tp or pa3rrycHarr,rtr,r He e ,,u3o6rqo" Jlorrr, 3arrloro ce 3ana3ra naft-4o6poro -rrpnHllr{nbr. A gpyruar, rrporl,rBonoJro)KHurr Ha Hero, eTaKbB, xofiro ce npr,rAbp)Ka Kr,M sgpaBlr.fl pa3yM r,r Her.rgnala B eKcra3 noA BJrutHne Ha crpacr. Beqe e tcHo, qe

IFiEEfil APUCTOTEN IffiiIoT Te3r,r KaqecrBa eAHoTo e [o6po, a Apyroro - Jro[ro.

TJIABA AEBETA

W rntrr, AaJrr,r Bb3Abp)KaH e ro3r,r, roiro ce npr4gbp)KaKbM KaKbBTO I,I Aa e pagyM !I KaKT,BTO I{ Aa e Cb3HaTeJIeHr.r36op, lrJrn KofiTo caMo KbM rrpaBI,rJIHHt(48)? W HeBb3-AbpxaH JrLr e nbK To3lr, KoftTo KI,M HIIKaKbB Cb3HaTeJIeH[r36op r4 KbM HnKaKr'B pa3yM He ce llpu,4bpxa HJIU caMoKofiTo KT,M Jrr,xJrr,rBr{r pagyM [r He-npaBI,IJIHI,I' I436op - orToBa ce HHTepecyBaxMe no-rope(a9); rrJrH rro crytrafiHocrKbM KOfiTO r,r Aa e ras6op , a BcbrrlHocr Kr,M BrpHorocb)KAeHr,re u [paBr,rJrHua us6op e[rdH ce flpr,rAbpxa, a Apyr

- He? 3aqoro aKo urKofi us6vpa r,rJrr,r npecJreABa onpele-Jr eHo Herqo 3 ap aAr4 Herrlo o[peAeJr eH o, npecJr eA B a v vs6vp LHero, a rrbpBoTo - rro cnyvaftHocr. A ,,onpe[eJreHo"KasBaMe n o6rq cMrcbrr 1bil6E;. B pesynrar craBa TaKa,qe K1I,M KaKBOT0 V D,A e MHeHHe eilI,HI1^fl,T ce npI,IAbp)Ka, aApyrrqr ce or,upbnBa, uo [rora e] raso6qo or ]rcrrrHHoroMHeHse. 2.Vlv.a HrKor4, KoHTo ca cKJToHHH [a 6rAat noc-TOqHHI,I B.MHEHLIETO CU _ HAPI,IqAT TI,I TBbPAH BbB B63TJIE-,4a- Taxnna ca HarrplrMep re3u, Kor,rro He Morar ga 6rgary6e4enu r,r Koraro He ce [onAaBar JrecHo ga 6t'gar y6egeur,rB Apyro MHeHne. Te uvrar Herqo noAo6so Ha Bb3gbpxaHe-To, KaKTo pasroqr.{TeJrHr{rr : [e xogo6eH] ua rIeApHJ{ rrCMeJIHflT - Ha ApT,3KI'If; HO Ca pagII4tIHH B MHOro Helqa.Egunuxr rro4 BJrhrHrle Ha crpacr r{ xeJraHI,Ie He ce rlpoMe-Hr - Bbglbp)KaHr,r"flT, so rsft Karo caMo B orAeJrHr,r cryqa14JrecHo ce rrogAaBa na y6ex4eHne, rqe 6b4e slgArp:raH. AApyrr.{flT He Mo)Ke [a 6rAe y6egeH or pa3yMa, saqoroMHo3uHa noryqaBar )KeJraHr,rr n 6Hsar BoAeHr,r or yAoBoJr-crrns. 3. Vnopuru B MHeHrrero cr{ ca yBepeHHTe B cBotranpaBora u neo6paroBaHr4Te, a yBepeHr{Te B cBoflTa npaBo-Ta ca raKHBa sapa,un y,uoBoJrcrBr,rg Lr crpaAanue. 3auloto cepaIBar, qe ca no6eAurrd, KoraTo.He ca cH npoMeHlrJII{MHeHHeTO lI CTpaAaT, KOTaTO pelreHHrTa HM rIOqTlr Ca6uru orrreHeHu. Taxa qe re

'rsrJre)KAar fio-cKopo Karo

oH3r,r, KofiTo He ce Bb3AT,p)Ka, oTKoJrKoTo KaTo oH3lr, Koft-To ce Bb3Abpxa.4. Ho nua r{ TaKr4Ba, Korrro He ce np}r4bp-)KaT KbM MHeHr4J{Ta Cr,r He nopaA}r HeBb3Abp)KaHOCT, KaKTo

r64 165

HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHI,,ITA VII IffiIHanpnMep Heonrolevr ntn ,,@nnoKTer,, na CoQoxtn(50)- 3apaAr,r yloBoJrcTBr,re He e ocTaHaJr BepeH Ha MHeHUeTOcn, Ho 3apaAr,r npeKpacHo; [a roBopr,r ltcTHHaTa 3a Hero e6uro npexpacHo, no e 6ul y6egen br Olracefi Aa HsJrb)Ke-3arqoro He BceKr,t, rofiro npaBrr Herrlo 3apaAr.{ yAoBoJrcr-Br4e, e pa3[ycHaT, HtrTo JrOrrI, HHTO HeBb3AbpXaH, a caMo?o3H, roftro gapaAr,r cpaMHo ygoBoJrcrBne. 5. O6aqe :rtftKaTO nMa n n.grofi TaKT,B, rOfirO UO-MaJrKO, OTKOJIKOTOrpx6sa, ce paABa Ha TeJIecHI,rre HacJIaArr x Karo raKT,B Hece npr4l6pxa KbM pa3yMa, To Me)KAy TO3r,r U HeBbsAbpxa_Hur no cpeAaTa ce HaMr.rpa Bb3[bpxaHnrr. 3arqoro HeBbs-[bpxaH]rflT He ce npn[bp)Ka KbM pasyMa 3apaln HrKaKBo[peBnrrraBaHe, a [pyrnflT * 3apaAu HrKaKbB ne4OCr:ur. HoBb3[t'pxaHnflT OCTaBa BepeH H He IIpOMeH.fl MHeH]reTO Cr4Hr,rro 3apagu eAHo, Hr,rro 3apa4r,r Apyro Heqo. A axo stg-lbpxaHocrra e Herrlo go6ponopxlbqHo, ro rpn6na ABereTIpoTI4BOnOJIO)KHII KaqecTBa Aa ca JIOIII]t, KaKTO Lr ItSrJIe)K_4at. Ho noHe)Ke [re] ce nposBflBar pasrr,rrrHn y MaJrrlr,rHa r,rpflAKo, To HsrJrexAa KaKTo 6laropasyunero e nporr{Borro-JIOXHO CaMO Ha pa3rrycHaTocTTa, TaKa U BT,3AT,p)KaHOCTTa

- caMo Ha HeBT,3Abp)KaHocrra. 6. Ho noHexe MHoro Herrlace Hapr,rqar crropel no4o6rEe, 3aroBa r{ Br,sAbp)KaHocrra cenpl,tflrrcBa Ha 6laropa3yMHr,rr uo nogo6rae. 3anloro nts-AbpxaHHflT e raKbB, xofito He npaBr.t Hrlrrlo B rrpoTr,rBope-qve c pa3yMa sapa!u TeJrecHHTe yAOBOJrCTBn.fi, KaKTO r{braropagyMll^vtflT, Ho eAHHr.r.flT vrM,a, a. ApyrH.f,T HrMa, Jror[rIxeJraHur V eil',t'Jt4flT e TaK6B, XOftrO He r,r3fII,rTBa yAoBoJrc_TBur oT Herr{o [poTr,rBopeqaqo Ha pasyMa, a ,4pyrHrT _Moxe Aa rr{ r,r3rrnrBa, Ho He HM ce rro4gaBa. 7. floao6nueAHH Ha [pyr ca cbulo HeBr3Abp)KAHVfl.T H pa3nycHaTu[T,MaKap n AA CA. pasJrnqHr4

- H ABaMaTa Ce CTpeMrT KbMTeJr ec Hr,rre yIoBoJr crBlu, o 6aue elr,r HLtHrr

- cvrnr aitxu,qe raKa ::pa6ra, a

^pytvrflT - 6es Aa cMrra TaKa.

TJIABA AECETA

He e nnsMoxHo egr,rH H cbrrln qoBeK ga 6tge eAHoBpe-MeHHo pa3cbAJrrrB H HeBbsAbpxan(51). 3aqoro *u*robeure [oKa3aHo, pa3c,bl,Ituavrflt e ctrrleBpeMeHHo go6po_noprgl,treH rro HpaB. 2. W orge, pa3cr,,qJrnB e He caMo

APUCTOTEA

'nocrbnBa [cro6pasHo 3HaHHflTa cn]. A HeBb3AbpxauuflTHe e cKJIoHeH Aa rrocr:bfiBa raxa. Ho Hl{rqo He fipeqln Hauso6petareJrHr{r }r o[paBeH ga 6rge HeBbgAbp)KaH, 3aroBaH NOHJ{KOTA H'KOI'T I,I3TJIEX,[AT, qE CA CAHOBPEMEHHO IiI

pagcbAJrHBI,I, r{ HeBbggbpxaHI{ nopalu roBa, ue neo6pera-TeJIHOcTTa ce pa3rnqaBa or pa3cb,4JII.IBocrra no KaSaHlt.n B

npeAr,rrrrHlrre pa3cbxgenun(S?) HaqnH H rlo orHolrreHl{e Hapa3yMa re ca 6rusKr{, a ce pa3Jrl{qaBar rlo orHoIIreHLIe HacbgHareJrHl,rx ns6op. 3. HestsgtpxaHu.ar He nplIJII4qa Ha3Haerqu.ff u I{3noJI3BaIrII,Ifl 3HaHI,reTO, a [Ipl4rI,Iqa Ha crrtlll]t{yt nvrflle.tlfl. I4 noctsnsa no cBot BoJIfl, (sHaefiru rlo KaKbBHaqr,rH r,r KaKBo [paBr,r, vt 3a'pa.$vt KaKBO), HO He e fIoAbJI,sarrloro cb3HareJrHr,tflT My us6op e go6tp. Taxa qe e noJry-rro,qbJr" W se e HecnpaBeAJIlIB, rloHexe He e KoBapeH.3auoro eAr,rH HeBbs[r,p)Kau He ce npurbp)Ka KbM Heurara'KOHTO e peUIuJIr A Apyr - CKJIOHHIT flT KT,M MeJIaHXOJInt -uao6qo ne e cnoeo6eH Aa B3eMa pe[reHlrt. I4 Hentsgbp)K&:HlrflT I,t3tJrexAa KaTo A:bpxaBara, Kotro B3eMa pe[IeHI'I.fl 3aBclrrrKr,r Herqa, 3a Kor,rro:rpx6oa H I,IMa 4o6pra 3aKoHLI, Ho Herr3rroJl3Ba nuxofi or rtx, KaKTo ce e npucMgl Anercang-pHs(53):

,r,[t,pxanara rlocraHoBu, Ho 3aKoHI,ITe He rI{ e rpnxa3a roBa.t'

flognurt rrbK e Karo At pxaBara, KoflTo I,I3rroJISBa 3aKortrn,Ho Karo ra3r,r, Kotro r{3rIoJr3Ba noAJII,I gaKoHI4. 4. Ho HeBb3-il'bpx'aHnfl't 14 BbgAbp)KaHlttr tlvrar: o6rqo c I{3JII{IrreKa rrooTHoIrreHlre Ha KaqecrBoTo, KoeTo rMar MH03IlHa xopa -eAlrHr4sr B rro-roJrflMa cTeneH ocraBa Aa ce npnAbp)Ka, a

Apyrr,rflT - fIo-MaJIKO, OTKOJIKOTO MOraT MH03IIHCTBOTO OT

xopara. Or uent:gbp)KaHocTl,lre rro-JlecHo I,I3JIeqI{Ma eTa3I,I, KOqrO e y CKJIOHHI{Te KbM M9JIaHXOJII'IJI, KOI,ITO He CeBb3Abp)KaT, oTKOJIKOTO Ta3I,l Ha B3eMaqVTe rIpeABapI4TeJr-HO perueHr,re, KoHTo H9 ce [pl,IAbpiKar KbM Hero, lI IIo-JrecHo lrsJreqnMn caresv, KoHTo ca HeBbSAbpxaHI4 rlopaAlrnpHBuqKa, or oHe3I4, KorITo rlo npupoAa ca TaKItBa. 3anlo-TO rro-JrecHo e Aa ce [poMeHIt [IpuBuqKara, orKoJlKoroilplrpoAara. Bnpoueu rpyAHo e Aa ce npoMeHlr H npuBl,rq-KaTa, [oHe)Ke r]pr,rJrHrra Ha rlpupo[aTa, KaKTo KaSBa ]IEnen(54):

,,Ka3BaM, qe AbJrro npo,[bJrxnJIoro y[pa)KHJ{BaHe,npr,rrreJr.lo, TaKa 3aBbprrrBa 3a xopara HaKpat,

166 167

HUKOTITAXOBA ETUKA . KHUTA UI @qe cTaBa rrxHa npupoga.t'

5. W rT fi, KaKBo e Bb3[bpxaHocr r{ HeBb3Abp)KaHocr, r{KaKBO LI3[pbXJTHBOCT Ir KaKBO ]r3He)KeHOCT, tI IIO KaKbBHarrr,rH Te3u KaqecTBa ce cboTHacrT noMe)KAy ctr, Ka3axMe.

TJIABA EAI,IHAIECETA

,{a pae6epe yAoBoJrcrBr,rero 14 crpagaHHero e rpucbrrloHa H3cJrelBarrlnfl rroJrr,rrlrKaTa Qn.rrocoQ. 3auloro Karo ap-xr,rTeKT lrocTaB.f, BLICUTaTa qeJr, c otJreA Ha KoflTO BCtKoHeulo HapuqaMe n a6corroteH cMncbJr HJrIt 3JIo, ITJII{6raro. 2. W aa ce pa3rJreAa roBa, e AopH ueo6xo[uua3 aAarra. flocras uxr\re (55 ) upancrBeHara go6pogereJr !r Hpa-BCTBeHaTa UOpOTTHOCT BbB Bp53KL C'.bC CTpalaHlrrTa tryAoBoncTBvrflTa, a MHoSnHa Ka3BaT, qe qacTneTo e cBbp-3aHo c y.qoBoJrcrBr,rero, saroBa n 6la:xesu.flT e noJryqnJrIrMero cn or roBa, qe ce pagna(S6). 3. Ha nsrou Hr,rKoeyAoBoJrcrBr.re(57) He LrM lrsrJre)KAa, qe e 6naro - HnrocaMo no ce6e cu, Hl,rro cJryqaftno. 3auloro 6laro u y[oBoJr-crBr,re He e e,qHo lr cbrrlo; Ha npyrn -

qe HrKor{ ca 6.tara,HO qe noBeqeTo ca JrorrrH; Ha TpeTr,I nbK -

qe Eopr,r nBcuqKI,r Aa ca, Bce naK He Moxe Haft-nncruero 6.naro ga6rge ygoroncrrne(58). 4. CxsaqaHero, qe yAoBorcrBue-To He e 6raro, e ocnoraHo Ha roBa, qe BctKo yAoBoJIcrBHee ceTr,rBHo ocesaeMo Bb3Hr{KBaHe rro cr{raTa Ha rrpHpoAaTa.Ho nuxaxso BbgHItKBaHe He e po4crBeHo Ha rleJrrrre, KaK-TO HfiKaKBO CTpOITTeICTBO Ha KbtIIa He e pOACTBeHO Ha[roronara] Kbrrla. FnaropasyMHr,rflT qoBeK us6xrna yAo-BoJrcrBurrra. Pascr4lHBH.flT qoBeK ce crpeMr,r KbM orcbc-TBr,re Ha crpalaHue, a He KbM yAoBoBoJrcrBriero(59). IaoIIIe, yAoBoJrcTBr,rrTa ca upeqKa 3a pa3cbAJrr,tBocTTa, r,r ToTOJTKOBA noBeqe, KOJTKOTO trO-rOJIeMr,r Ca yAOBOJICTBT{flTa,KaKTo rro6osHara HacJraga. 3arqoro suroft ne 6n MorbJr BHeq [a pas6epe Herqo c yMa. Iz[ on1e, HrMa nsKycrBo HayAoBoJrcrBr{ero, AoKaro BcrKo 6laro e AeJro Ha r,r3KycTBo-ro. IzI cbrrlo Aerlara r,r sBepoBere ce crpeMrr KbM yAoBoJr-crnua(60). 5. A se BcltrrKr4 ca lo6potoprAbqur,r, fioHexer,rMa u no3opHr4, r,r noAJre)Karrl[ Ha yKop, w ilpt4 ToBa uBpeAHlr; 3arrloro H"ffKor{ or yAoBoJrcrBr.rrra AoHacflT 6ole-cru. W [eficrnureJrno, yAoBoJrcrBuero He e Bnctlrero 6la-ro, rroHexe He e qeJr, a e Bb3Hr,rKBarrIo [ctcroanuel.VIrnft.,

API,|CTOT

TOBA Ca IIOqrH BCr,rqKLr Herrla, KOHTO Ce rOBOpflT.

TJIABA ABAIIAAECETA

Bnpouer"r or re3r,I MHeHI,II orqe He cJIe,qBa, ue [ygonon-crnuero] e 6naro r4 rre e Bllc[rero 6naro, u roBa IrIe craHercHo or cJre[Baulr4Te HeIrIa. flrpeo, roHe)Ke 6laroro ceHapnqa raKa rro ABa HaqI,IHa (egnoro ,,ll3061110", a lpyroro- no o'r'iHorrreHue na Heulo), To cr,orBerHo raKa cJIeABar I{nprrpoAr{Te, u KaqecTBaTa, a oTTaM Ir ABI,IxeHutTa I,I Br,3-HHKBaHIdtTA:, V O'.l JIOI[]rre, KOHTO rrSrJIe)KAaT TaKI4Ba,e,4Hr,r ca ugo6qo JrorIIu, a 3a HtKoro - He, Ho 3acJryxaBarga 6rgar uz6npauu; 3a HflKoro rIbK He 3acJryxaBar Aa6rgar uz6upauu, a caMo noHqKota HJIH 3a MaJIKo BpeMe,Ho rrocro.flnHo us6upaeMl,t He ca. H.sron He ca yAoBoJIcr-Bytfl, L CaMO TaKa I{3rJIe)KlaT - Te3u, KoI,ITO Ca CBbpSaHI'Icbc crpaAaHre ilrvr ca c IIeJI JIeqeHI,Ie, KaKTo Ha[pI4Mep 3a6onegynau1ure.2.7I ou1e, noHe)Ke na 6laroro ca flpl4ct IrIHor eAHa crpaHa geftHoctra, a or lpyra crpaHa - Kaqecr-BOTO, TO yAOBOJICTBI,IflTa, KOI4TO HaMltpaMe B ecTecTBeHn-Te cbcrorHvrfl.) cL npnxrnu(6"1,)-IAv.a [eftHocr B xeJIaHu.fl-Ta, Kot4To ca orIeJIgJraTa tIacT oT KaqecTBoTo H rlpnpolaTa,noHexe r,rMa y,qoBoJlcrBue v cTpLD,aHI,i'e u 6es xeJIaHI{e'KaKTO HanpnMep gefi nocrnre, cBlbp3aHvt cr'c cr'3eprlaHI4e-To, Koraro rrpupolara He ce HyxAae or rflx- ,[oxasarenc-TBOTO e, qe He Ha eAHo Lr cblrlo nplt.flTHo Herqo xopara cepaABaT, Ty KOraTo npfipo[aTa e 3arrbJlHeHa, Ty KOraTo e BcBoeTo ecrecTBeHo clbcrotHI,Ie. Ho xoraro r.ff ce HaMI,Ipa B

cBoeTo ecTecTBeHo cbcTotHI4e, HIde ce HacJIa)K[aBaMe HaHetqaTa, KoHTo ca yAoBoJIcTBrr-tt B a6colroren cMHcbJI, aKOTaTO e SarrbJrHeHa - AOpH I,r Ha npoTnBorroJro)KHr4Te -Ha KUCeJruTe il Ha ropqI,IBHTe Herqa ce paABaT, a oT TflxHnKOe He e HItTo no npupoAa nputTHo, HHTO nputTHo B

a6corrcteH cMncr,Jr, TaKa qe He ca yAoBoJlcrBu.ff. 3aruoronpr,rrrHnre Herrla eIHo cnptMo upyro ce orHactr raKa'KaKTo Heruara, or Konro ce ilopax,qar. 3. I4 oule, He eueo6xognuo [a HMa Henlo pasJlI,ItIHo, Koero ga e no-4o6pooT y[oBoJrcrBr,reTo, KaKTo H.sKoI4 Ka3Bar 3A rIeJITa, qe e ilo-go6pa or Br,3HLrKBaHero. 3aqoro [yAonoacrnunral He caBb3HI,IKBaHVtfl V He BCI'IqKH Ca CBbp3aHU C BI,3HI'IKBaHeTO'a ca geftxocTvr 14 IIeJr - Te ce tBflBaT noHtKora He c

168\

nr,3HHKBaHlaflTa, a c I,t3rIoJIgBaHero Ha Heulara. 14 qenra He3a BCI,trtKr{ e HeIIlo pa3flIttlHo or rqx caMltre' a caMo 3a'l'e3u, KOI,ITO BOATT Kt M 3aIIbJIBaHeTO Ha npupoAara. 3arO-IIA E HENPAB}IJIHO AA CE KA3BA' tIE YAOBONCTBI4ETO E3TJIE)K-

/la, qe e Bb3HHKBaHero Ha HeIrIo oce3aeMo' a [o-cKopo'lpn6na Aa ce Kaxe, ue e gefiuoc:r cto6pasHo rlprlpoAara HaKaqecrBoro(62) u BMecro oce3aeMo [rpx6ra Aa ce xa:re]HerrpenflTcTBaHo. Bnpouervr 3a HtKoro yAoBoJrcTBHero [I3-rJIe)K[a, qe e H.IKaKBO BT,3HIAKBaHe' IIOH€)K€ e HIKaKBO6raro B r,rcrrrHcKHr cMHc:bJl. 3arqoro cMtrar' qe AefiHocr-l'a e Bb3Hr,rKBaHe, Ho ro e HeIrIo lpyro. 4. ila ce cMtra' qe

Hr{KOLI yAOBOJTCTBI,I.fl Ca JIOtun, IIOHeXe IIopa)KAar 6olecru,c cI'II{oro xaro rbsa Aa ce Ka)Ke, tle 3ApaBocJIoBHI'ITe Helqaca JroIrIIi c orJIeA Ha rleqeJleHero Ha rlapfl. flo togu HarrI'IH'cJreAoBareJlHo, H [Bere ca Jlorun, Ho ca JIoIxLl IIopaAu roBa,floHe)Ke froHflKora n cb3epIIaHI,IeTo BpeAI,I Ha :gpanero. 5-Ho sxro Ha pa3cr,AJllrBocrra, HI,ITo Ha HgKoe Apyro Kaqe-crno [xa lyurara] rpequ y4oBoJlcrBuero' ropoAeHo orKoero v. \a e rauec:rno, a caMo tesn [yAoroncrrna], KOLITO

ca qyx-av, IIOHe)Ke Te3H, KOI,ITO npoH3TnqaT oT cb3epIIaHI'I-eTo r,r yqeHero, [paBflT TaKa, qe noBetle Aa ce oTAaBaMe Hacb3eprlaHHe I{ Aa ytIHM. 6. Ortyr o6ocnosaHo cJreABa' qe

Hr4KOe yAoBoJIcrBI,Ie He e AeJIo Ha I'ISKycrBo'To- 3aqoror,r3KyCTBOTO He e rIpHcbIIIo Ha HI4Kofl ,qpyra lefiHocT, a no-cKopo Ha Br,sMoxHocTTa. Marap n ,{a I{3rJIe)KAa, qe I43Ky-crBoro ga rrpnrorBflHe Ha 6;rarorosnl'r MacJIa It rorBapcKo-'r'o rr3KycrBo ca 3a yAoBoJIcrBI4ero. 7. r{e 6naropa3yMHI'tJ{Tus6ntsa yAoBoJrcrltflTa, L pa3cbAJIHBvnr ce crpeMn Kl,Mxr{Bor 6es c'rpagaHvIe, vI qe Aellara H 3BepoBere ro rl,pctr'- BCHqKO TOBa Ce onpoBepraBa oT eAHo ll cblrlo: Ka3ax-r'ae(63) no KaKr,B HaqHH e raKa' qe yAoBoJlcrBuflTa cL6.nara'a6coJllorHo LI B KaKbB cMttcl,Jl He BcnqKlr ca 6lara-.(eqara n 3BepoBere rbpcflT nocJreAHI,ITe' a pa3cb[ItnrvrflTce crpeMn ga 6rge cso6oAeu or rflx. fonopa 3a re3I'I

IyAononc'rnnx], ronto ca cBt,psaHI,I c xeJIaHHflTav crpaAa-Hvtrrl, u reJlecHilTe (:arqoro re ca raKl,lna), u 3a lI3JII4IIre-Ka B Trx, 3apaAI,I KoI,tTo I,IMeHHo pa3[ycHaTsflT e pa3nyc-uat. 3arona u 6raropa3yMHtrrr ru us6srna, rloHexe HMaH yAoBoJrcrnrar, xo"ro ca npucrqu Ha 6laropasyr"rxur(64)-

t69

APUCTOTEA

IJIABA TP'TIIAAECETA

Ho rce naK ce rrplr3HaBa, qe crpa,qaHraero (l,rirq) e s.nou ue rpr6ra la 6rne rag6qrsaHo. Sarqoro or eAHa crpaHacrpalaHuero e sJro r,rso6ulo, a or flpyra crpaHa no HrKaKbBHaqI{H nontKora npequ. Tora, Koero e [porr,Ino[oJloxHoHa Herrlara, Kor,rro rpr6na [a ce u36.srBar, (uoue:re caTaKnBa, Kor4To rpr6na ga ce uz6nrBar r,r ca 3Jro), e 6raro.CleAon arbJr Ho, yAoB oJr crBr,rero no ueo6xogn Mocr e H.fl Ka-xso 6raro. Ho arnpocbr He Mo)Ke [a'ce peilaBa rro Haqu-Ha, npeAJroxeH or Cnescrin - r:ofi e Ka3aJr, qe KaKTo no-roJrrMoTo e [poTr.rBonoJroxHo Ha rro-MaJrKoTo H paBHoTo,TaKa ra yAoBoJrcTBr{eTo e npoTr{BorroJro)KHo Ha [BeTe - HacrpalaHr,rero n Ha JrHrrcara Ha crpaAaHue(65). Ho ue 6nx-Me MOrJrr{ Aa KaxeM, qe yAoBorcTBr,reTo e HflKaKbB BHAsna.2. Huqo He lrpeqtl Br,rcurero 6.naro,ua e H.flKoe ytroBoJr-cTBHe, [OpH r{ HrKO}r yAOBOJTCTBnA EA Ca Jror[]r, KaKTO r,l

[ro] na e HrKos HayKa, MaKap qe HffKoH ca Jro[rr{. Moxe 6nAopH e seo6xoAnuo - aKo geftnocrnre Ha BcrKo [upanc-rneuo] KaqecrBo ca 6eslpeurrcrBeHr,r, nrn AefisocrnTeHa BCHqKII e UIaCTI,IeTO, VtJtVt Ha HffKbe OT TtX - aKOKaqecrBoro e 6esnperrrrcrBeHo - uaFrae naft-gocrofinosa us6op, a roBa HMeHHo e ygoBoJrcrsfieto. Taxa qe HrKoeyAoBoJrcrBue 6u, 6uro nncruero 6naro, MaKap lr MHoroyAoBoJrcrBufl ilL ca Jrorru, H .4opu [neeru] a6corrotso. ]1SATOBA BCITTIKI,I CMflTAT, qE IIIACTII,IBIIST )KHBOT E TO3I4,xoft'ro HocH yAoBoJrcrBHe H pa3yMHo BnJrr,rraT yAoBoJrcrBr,r-ero KbM rrlacrr{ero. Ho Hnros 4efiHocr He e 3aBbprrrena,aKo ItMa npenrTcTBvrfl,3a, Hefl,, a qacTlreTo e oT 3aBbprlre-uure [geftuocru]. 3arosa qacrJrr,rBr{flT, 3a Aa HflMa npenr-TCTBut Kt,M HerO, rrMa Hy)K[a Oqe I,I oT TeJrecHH 6rara, dor BbHIrrHH, I,r or ulacrnun cryuaft. 3. A ogegu, KoI,ITo uMarHaBnKa [a KagBar ga ro3u, Kororo H3Te3aBar u xoftro eilolralHaJr B roJreM[ HeqacTnt, qe e qacTJI]IB, np]t ycJlo-Br,te, qe e go6po4ereJreH, BoJrIo lrJrn HeBoJIIo, roBopflTnpa3HH upnxasrn(66).4. flopagu roBa, qe ce cTpeMsr orlelr KbM IqacrJrI,IB cnyuafi, ga rrx r{3rJrexAar eIHo r.r cblrloycnexbT r,r qacrHeTo, Ho Te He ca, H [opu KoraTo e npeKo-MepeH, roft e [perrKa I,r Moxe 6u Hnrax He e c[paBeAJII,IBoAa ce Hapr,rqa ycnex. 3auloro rofi ce o[peAeJrr crrpffMo

r70 t71

Hl,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA

rrlacruero. 5. I4 rona, qe BcHtIKI,r - I,I 3BepoBere, I{ xopara,

- ce crpeMtr KbM yAoBoJIcTBI4e, e IoKa3aTeJIcTBo B HtKa-KBa creneH 3a roBa, rre ro e Bncrrrero 6naro(67).

,,HiMa HanbJIHo ,qa I,I3qe3He MHeHI,Iero, Koero MHoroHaporu ..."(68)

6. O6aqe AoKoJrKoro Hafi-go6para npupo[a H HpaBcrBeHoKaqeCTBO He Ca I4 He H3rJIe)K,[aT OAHO H CI,II{O H€IIIO' TO HeBCI{qKI,I npeCJIeABaT eAHo t'I cl,IIIo y,4OBOJICTBue. HO sCerraK Bcr{qKH npecJrelBar yAoBoJlcrBnero. A prox.e 6rn npe-cJreABar He roBa, Koero ctlurar [:a raxoral, n ne oHoBa,Koero 6uxa uapexJru TaKa, a eAHo It cbIIIo [ygonoacrnrae].3auloro y Bcr.rqKu ilo rpupoAa I,IMa Herqo 6o:rectneno(69).Ho renecHrdre yAoBoJIcrBvn ca BSeJIII HMero ,y[oBoJlcr-nul" nopagu ToBa, qe xopara nafi-.Iecro KbM Tlrx ce xBbp-JtflT vt B TRx yqacrBar BcuqKu. W rstrt, [opaAu ToBa, qe caeAr,rHcrBeHrnTe rroSHaTI{, Ce CMflTa, qe re ca eAI,IHCTBeHHTeyAoBoJrcrBrls. T. f.cno e cblrlo LI ToBa, qe aKo yAoBoJIcrBI,I-bro pr gefinocrra He ca 6laro, To ulacrJlltnuat [uoner]HqMa Aa Moxe Aa xuBee [prtflTHo. Ta saqo 6uuv.at Hy)KAaor yAoBoJrcrBue, aKo ro He e 6naro, a Mo)Ke Aa )KIIBee cblrlor,r B crpalaHue? Halu Hlrro 3JIo, snro 6naro 6ra 6nlocrparaHr{ero, aKo y,{oBoJlcrBlaero He e 6laro. Tara qe noKaKBa npnqr4Ha xopara ug6srsar crpalaHlaero? Cne[osa-TeJrHo, )Kr,rBorbr na go6ponoptgbqHlrq se 6u 6ul no-rrpr,rflTeH, axo gefixocrl,ITe My He ca raKI,IBa.

IJIABA qETI,IPMHAAECETA

Wrtitt, B:bB Bpb3Ka c reJIecHI4Te HacJIaAIt tpx6ea ga cepa3rJreAar [uueuurra Ha] onesu xopa, KoHTo Ka3Bar, qeH.flKOI{ y.UOBOJICTBnn CA npeEnOqUTaHI'I TBT,pAe MHOrO' Ka-'ro Hanpr,rMep npeKpacHHTe, Ho ToBa He ca TeJIecHlITe I,I

Te3I,I, Kt'M KOltTo pa3rlycHaTI4.gT uMa OTHorIIeHue.2.In rtfi,flopa4u KaKBo nporr,rBorroJroxHl{Te crpaqa*ufr ca nomra? 3a-qoro nporr,rBonoJroxHo Ha 3roro e 6naroro.,[aln goromona

ca go6pogereJrnlr ('cya0oq,) neo6xoruaprr,rre yAoBoJrcrBr,tfl , qe6naro e r4 ToBa, Koero ne e sro(70)? Itlnu re ca go6pogereJrHllAo HflKaKbB npegen? Ha upancraeHrrre KaqecrBa v ABr4x,.eHvfl,KoJrKoro roJreMH vr EL ca, He e rrplrcblll llsnnuex(71) ua uerqono-go6po, Hlrro Ha y,qoBoJrcrBr4ero. A B TeJIecHI,ITe 6"nara errpHcbrrlo Aa HMa r,rSJrr{r[eG Ir nopoqHr4flT e raKbB nopaAn ToBa,

croqe ce cTpeMI,I KI,M lr3Jrr{[teKa, a He K6M Heo6XOAr.rMr,rTe yAoBoJr-crBnr. 3auoro Bcr,rqKr,r ce palBar no HrKaKbB HaquH H Haroct6ute, u lta rrc6onHl,ITe HacJIa)K,qeHuu, Ho He raKa, KaKTorpn6na. A npu crpa[aHr,rero e o6parno. 3au]oro He ]r3JrurrreKaB Hero qoBeK u36flrBa, a ueo6qo crpagaHrrero. flonexe ro nee nporHBo[oJro)KHo Ha v3Jr]rrueKa oT y[oBoJrcTBue, a ilo-cKopoe y ro3u, xoftro ce crpeMn KT,M r43Jrrrlrera. 3. 3arosa rpn6vagarocoquM vlcrvlnara, a r{ upuquHarl gL sa6ryx,ueHraer:o, rrftKaro roBa crroMara 3ayBepeHocrra. Koraro pa3yMHo u pas6u-paeMo 6r4e norasaHa [purruHaTa, nopaA]r KoflTo HeilIo l43rJre-)Kna ucrtrHno 6e3 Ea e vcrvt}J.Ho, TotaBa rfi npaBn raKa, llerroBeqe [a BflpBaMe Ha rrcruHHoro. 3arosa rpn6ra,qa ce Ka)Ke3 arrlo reJrecHr,rre yAoBoJrcrBHrr H3rJr exlar no-npeAiloq uraH I,I.

4. P az6up a ce, Hafi -HanpeA, noHexe nporoHB ar crpaAaHr,Iero; I,I

3apaALI H3JII{IIIT,{HTe B CTpaAaHI'IeTO, KaKTO e B JIeqHT9JICKOTOr,r3KycTBo, xopaTa npecJre[BaT TBbpAe roJreMHTe y,4oBoJrcTBl{' lIuso6rqo reJrecHr,rre. Jferosere craBar rBl,p[e cHJrHo Aeitcrr,a-qli, 3aTOBa I,I XOpaTa Ce CTpeMtT KT,M Tff' 3aUIOTO BCffKO HeIqOnporntraBa flcHo, Koraro e 6nngo Ao cBoflTa [porr4BorroJrox-nocr. I4 ce cMflTa, qe ygoBoJrcrBuero ne e 4o6poflopflAbquonopagr,r re3n ABe rtplrquHu, KaKTo Ka3 ante(72): noHe)Ke or eAHaCTpaHa IIOCTT'IIKI,IT9 Ce AbJUKaT Ha IIpnpO,[a, KOflTO e JIOna -lrJrr,r IIo poxEeH]re, KaKTo npH SBepoBeTe, r,rJrr{ no npHBr,rqKa,KaKTO e IIpn JrorrrHTe xopa, a oT Apyra cTpaHa - noHexeJreKoBere ca Heqo Heo6xognuo. flo-4o6po e [pr,rre)KaBaHero,orKoJrKoro upugo6usauero Ha y,4oBoJrcrBprx. Te ce upra4o6ra-BaT, KOIATO HeUIaTa Ca CTaHUII,I CT,BT,p[I9HI4, CJIe,UOBaT9JIHO Te

uo c.nyuaftnocr ca go6pouopxgrvuu (oroo6dIo€). 5. M ol1e,nopaAn ToBa, qe [renecHure yAoBoJrcrBr.irr] ca cnlHu, Te caTbpceHr,r or xopa, KouTo He Morar Aa ce paABaT Ha Apyru[ygononcrnua](73). Hecruneno raKrrBa xopa cb3AaBar sa ce6ecH HrKaKBa xoKga. W mit, Koraro ca 6esnpe4Hr,r, ToBa He[oAJre)Ku Ha yKop, a Koraro ca BpeEH]r, e loruo. 3auloro HrrMaTAPyrH, Ha KOLTTO Aa Ce HaCJTDKAABLT,A IIO [pUpOAa e TaKa, qe 3aMHO3HHCTBOTO TaKaBa JrHnCa HOCrn CTpaAasUe. fIOse)Ke )KI,IBO-TO CbqecrBo BHHarr{ ce MbqH H ce Hallpflra, KaKTo cBr4AereJrc-TBaT r,t KHr,rfuTe 3a upupoAaTa, KolITo o6nxnoseHo Ka3BaT, qe eMbqHTeJTHO r,r Aa ce rJreAa, u Aa ce cJryrua; Ho c ToBa cMeIrprrBnKHiulrr, KaKTo Ka3Bar. 6- Taxa n B MJragara Bb3pacr,nopaArn pacre)Ka, xopara'ca Karo qe JrH on}r.f,HeHH c BI,rHo I,I

MJra[ocrrra e upnnrHa. A npnpoAHo cKJroHHr,rre KbM MgJr&rD(o.Jrrrrr Br,rHarH HMaT HyxAa oT JreqeHHe; noHexe Te ca yr3BeHu oT

172 173

HI/KOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHUTA vlI

TeMnepaMeHTa cu HerrpeKbcHaTo u BuHaru ca o6xsanaru orTBt,ple cI,rJreH cTpgMex. Vqono.ncrrfiero, aKo e cHJIHo' nporoH-Ba crpa4aHnero I,I [porl4BonoJlo)KHoro, H cJlyqafinoro. ItLzapa-Al,r roBaxopara craBarpag[ycHaru n JIoruH. 7. A n yAonoJlcrBu-flTa, KOHTOCa 6eS CrpaAai/'VIflrP^flV^AVl3JIlIrUeK. Te Ca tesu, KoI',ITo

npongrr{qar or rlpr{srHl,ITe rlo npnpoga, a He no c.rrynra6"o"t,neuta. yluau rrpgAB]rA, qe IpI,IflTHI,I no cnyraftnocr ca re3I'I'KOrrrO Ce npr,rJraraT 3a I43JIeKyBaHe. flone:re ce cnyuna n.axoft ga

6r,ge nerynaH c HrKaKBa ocraHiula 3ApaBa qacr y Hero, lopaAl{Koero JreKyBaHero I,I3rJIe)KAa npu.flTHo. A no npupoga npl,rflTHllca Herrlara, KoI,ITo npeEl,Issursat Iefi crBl,Iero Ha caMara rrpupo-4a. 8. He Br,rHarr{ ToBa, Koero AocraBfl y,qoBoJIcrBHe, e eAHo I'lca,Iqo nOpaAI'I TOBa' qe HalIaTa npllpOAa He e [pOCTa' a Cb[bp>KaH HelIIo Apyro. 3arosa e TJIeHHa. Tara.re, aKo IUIKaKBa Haruavacr geficrna, ToBa e B [poruBoBec Ha Apyra qacr, a KoraTo uMapaBHoBecue, n3BbpllreHoro He lt3rJlex,ua HuTo TJIeHHO, HHTO

upr{flTHo. Trft rato, aKo [pupolara Ha H-ffKoro e_npocra' erHar{ cr,ula fiocrr'frKa BI{Haru qe 61,4e nafi-rrpuxrna. 3arona EorltBr{Harr4 ce paABa Ha eAHo I,l cbulo npocro yAoBoJIcrBI're, 3aIrIoTogeftnocrra e npncbula He caMo Ha ABI,DKeH[ero, a u Ha HerIoA-BT,DKHOCTTa, AOKaro y,4oBoJIcrBHe LIMa rloBeqe B cnoKoficTBne-To, orKoJrKoro B ABl{xeHuero(74). A aro, KaKTo Ka3Ba noerbr,,rnpoMtHaTa or BcI{qKIt HeIrIa e naft-claAxoTo(, To_ _ToBa euoiragr,r ruIKaKBa geQoprvraqr,ra [na Haluata npnpoga]. lI raxronopounnar uonex(75) e Henocro.flHeH, TaKa I,I npnpoAara ceHyK,qae or rrpoMrHa, rroHexe rfl He e HI,ITO Heulo [pocTo, HIITO

neuqo go6po ('etnetrt|6). 9. W rlfi, ta Br,3Aap)Kanocrra H

HeBb3Ar'pxaHOcTTa' I'I 3a yIoBOJIcTBI'IeTo I'I CTpaAaHlreTO Kasa-xMe, a cbrrlo H KaKBo e BctKo oT TtD(, n no KaKbB HatIHH eAHII OT

Tff ca 6rara, a Apyrn - nopoqn(76)- Ocrana Aa roBoplrM 3aIIpr.lflTeJrcTBoTo.

@ APUCTOTEA wKHT{TA VIII

TJIABA TIbPBA

Creg resu Herr{a cJre[Ba [a o6crAnM rrprrrreJrcrBo-ro(1). 3auloro ro e H.sKaKna go6po4ereJr lrJrH Herrtro npuqa-crHo Ha go6pogereJrra, r{ oqe, To e nafi-seo6xoAr,rMoro 3axunora(2). Hr.rrofi ue 6n ns6pal [a xuBee 6es npnxrerr,MaKap v [,a uv^L BcutrKr,r ocraHaJrlr 6nara(3). 3arqoro uTegr,I, Kor,ITo ca [pI,IAo6unu 6orarcrBLu BJracr, H Morbrrle-crBo, H3rJrexAa r,rMar rBbpAe roJrrMa HyxAa or [pr{rre-ru(4). Ta rarna I noJr3ara or raKoBa rrlacrr,re, B KoeroqoBeK e Jrlr[reH or Bb3Mo)KHocT Aa npaBn 6rarogeRuue, aro nafi-seqe 6nna ngBbprrrBaHo u e naft-noxBaJIHo, Koraroe sa nplr.flTenure? Izf no raxrB HaqIlH 6narocrctotHneroMoxe Aa 6rAe cbxpaHeHo r{ onaseno 6es nprnaterH? 3auto-To KoJrKoro rro-roJlffMo e 6orarcrBoro, ToJIKoBa e rro-Hecr.rrypHo. 2. B 6enHocrra, KaKTo It B ocraHaJII,{Te Herrra-crvrfr, ce cM.flTa, qe eAr,rHcrBeHoro y6e:rra4e ca nplr.f,TeJrI{-re. ffpraxreJrcrBoro rroMara cblrlo raKa lI Ha MJIaAI,ITe Aa HerpeilraT, r4 Ha Bb3pacrHr,rre Aa noJlyqaBar rpl,Ixu u rIoAKpe-rra, Koraro re nopaAl,r 6egcunue I,I3ocraBar B rrocrbnKure,a Ha oHe3u, KoIrTo ca B paSrIBeTa Ha xI4BoTa cu - Aalr3BbprrrBar npeKpacHr,r llocrbnKrr.

,,flouerre Koraro BbpBflT ABaMa saeguott(5)Te rrle 6r[ar no-cnoco6Hrr v

^rpas6npar rrocrr,nKure, n Ea

rn u3Bbprrrsar. 3. I4srne:rga, qe ilo npt,tpola ro e 3aJloxe-Ho y poglrreJlure KbM poAeHu:re [u y poAeHlrt Kt M poAI4JIu-Te rol, He caMo y xopara, a n y rITI,Iqvre, n y floBeqeroxr,rBoTHr4, r,r y cbrqecTBaTa, KotITo npl.rHaAJIe)KaT KbM eAI4Hu c'br\u pog - noMe)KAy HM, I,I Hafi-Berre y xopara, 3aroBaxBaJrr,rM Te3rd, Kor{To o6uqar xopara(6). Mo:rerur Aa BIdtruMnprr crpaHcrBaHlrfl KaK BceKu qoBeK Ha rIoBeKa e 6nngtr nnpnxren (7 \. 4. W lr3 rte)KAa, q e npLItreJI crBoro LI AbpxaB lIcBbpsBa, r,r 3aKoHoAaTeJrr,rTe ce rpuxaT 3a Hero flo-ycbpA-Ho, orKoJrKoro ga cnpaBeAJII,IBocrra. 3arqoro elI,IHoMlIc-Jrr,rero r,rgrJrexga, qe e HeIrIo noro6Ho Ha npntreJrcrBoro,u KbM Hero gaft-vrHoro ce crpeMrr, n nafi-uHoro ns6.flrsarnpaxge6noro pa3 HorJr acue. I/L cbnlo, Ko raro rp axAaHI.ITeca nplr.flTeJln, npaBocbAlrero He I,IM rpn6na, Ho Koraro cacnpaBeAJII,IBVl, VIIIiIAT HyXAa olqe n oT nplI.aTeJIcTBo, l,I oT

174 t75

HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHHTA VIII

cnpaB elJr r{B r{Te Herqa n aft -cupaneAJr }rBoro I{3 rrl exga, qe erpr.rsreJrcrsoro. 5. To se caMo e Heo6xo4urro(8), Ho e nflpeKpacHo. BrgxnanxBaMe oHe3]r, Kor.rro o6uqar flpnrre-ilvTe cu H ce cMJ{Ta cbIIIo, qe Aa UMarrr MHo)KecTBo IpUJI-TeJTLI e eAHO OT IIpeKpaCHUTe Herrla; H'KOI{ CMflTaT, qe

4o6pogereJrHuTe n npr{rreJruTe ca eAHH }r cbr.rlu xopa(9).6. Ho srn BpbgKa c npn.sreJrcrBoro r.rMa He MaJrKo cnopHlrHerrla. EAHra ro o[peAeJrrr Karo HrKaKBo cxogcrBo Hno4o6nnrexopa - Karo rrpr,rl{TeJru, orKb,qero ca u uoroBop-Kr{Te ,,rroAo6nrasr rrpr noAo6entt(10), u ,rraprara KbMnapra", r,r Bcr,rqKH [pyru TaKlrBa. Apyrfi Ka3Bar o6parnoro- qe TaKI{Ba noMerKAy cu BHHarr{ }rMaT rrpoTuBoperrHt -BcnqKr,r rpbHqapr cu cbrepur,rqar uoMexgy cu(lt). yITr'pcffT no-BHcoKo H no-npupoAoHayqHo o6scnenne. TaxaEspnnng(12) xatsa, -qe seMrra, npecbxHaJra or cyura,xagyBa 3a npoJrr,rBeH [bxA, a BeJrr,rKoJrgrrHoTo ne6e, ns-[bJrHeHo c npoJrHBeH [bx[, e o6xsaHaro or xeJraHI,Ie AarraAa KaM 3eMflTa. A Xepax.urar(13) xasna, qe npornBono-JroxHocTr.rTe ca rroJre3HH r,r qe oT pa3rraqrdsTa ce cb3[aBaHafi-go6para xapMoHr,rs, u qe Bcr,rqKu Herua ce paxAar orcropa. Apyrn HM ce nporl{BonocraBfiT. Cpeg 'rnx e uEune,qoxr"u(14), xoftro KasBa, qe noAo6soro ce grpeMr,rxru uolo6tto.'l .lrL rrfi, or crropHrdre Heula regr4, Ko]rro cacBbpsaHn c BbHrrrHara npnpo4a, Iqe ocraBrailr 6es BHrdMa-nne (saqoro He cborBercrBar Ha Hacrornroro r4gcJregBa-ue), a Herrlara, Kor,rro ca cBbp3aHr,r c rroBeurKara npnpogaH Ce OTHaCtT AO HpaBI4Te lr CTpaCTI,tTe, TtX UIe I{3CJIeABaMe,HarrpHMep AaJrn y BclrqKu xopa Moxe Aa Bb3Hr{KHe rlpnt-TeJrcrBo, r,rJru He Morar Aa 6rAar [pr{flTeJru xopara, Korrroca ilopoqHlr, rr cbrrlo AaJrn cbIIlecTByBa eAr,tH BUA nputTeJr-crBo LrJrI{ noBeqe. Teslr, Ko}rro cM.flTarr. qe e eAI{H BuI,rroHexe AoilycKar no-roJrrMa lr no-MaJrKa crerreH [n nero],ca noBrpBaJIlr Ha HeAocTaTbqHo [oKa3aTeJrcTBo, SaIrIoTono-roJrrMa r{ no-MaJrKa cTe[eH Ao[ycKaT r,r pa3JrHqHraTe noBr,rA He[Ia. 3a rsx [o-rope 6eure Ka3aHo.

IJIABA BTOPA

Bepoaruo ue craHe rcHo 3a rrx, cJIeA Karo ygHaeMIrarno e] rona, Koero e lrc6nuro. flonexe ]rsrJrexga, qe HeBcrKo Herqo 6nna o6uqaHo, a caMo nrc6nrraoro, a ro e vrl,lr

API,ICTOTEA tm6naro, I.rJIn HeIrIo rrpu,arHo, r,rJILr noJlegHo. Mo)Ke [a I,I3rJre-)KEa, qe noJle3Horo e roBa, qpe3 Koero Herrlo cTaBa 6laror{Jrtr yAoBoJrcrnne(15), TaKa qe nro6nrru ue 6tAar n 6naro-TO, U yIOBOJICTBneTO - BC'KO KaTO rIeJI. 2- \eiACrVWTeJIHo,qarn o6u'rar 6raroro [nro6rqo], r4Jlrr roBa, Koero 3a r;rx e6laro? Ta resu Herlra noHtKora He cbBnaAar. flo cr,tr{lr.flHaqI,IH e n no oTHoIrIeHI4e Ha yAoBoJIcTBI,IeTo - I{3rJrexAa'qe BceKr4 o6nqa roBa, Koero e 6aaro 3a Hero u MaKap qe6raroro ngo6qo e JIIo6I,IMo, To 3a BceKId e roBa, Koero 3aHero caMns e 6raro. A scern o6uqa He roBa' Koero g

:aauernHa 6raro 3a Hero, a Koero My HstJIe)K4a [tarona].Ho nsua HHKaKBa pa3JII,IKa; 3alrloro rqe 6tge lro6uwroToBa, Koero u3rJrexAa(16). 3. CrrqecrnyBar rplr npuqxHll'[opagrr Korrro xopara o6uqar - o6uqauero Ha HeoAylrreBe-HUTe Herrla He ce HapHqa rlpHfreJlcrBo, 3aqolro HtMaorBeruo o6uuaue, Hnro )KeJIaHI.Ie y rffx 3a 6laro.3a Apyro-ro. Mo;re 6n qe 6rAe cueurHo [a ce )KeJIae 6laro ga

Bnlroro; a aKo ce )KeJrae, To IrIe peue [uoner] Aa ucxa ga rogarrasu,3a [a ro uua rofi caMutr. A ce rasna, ue rpr6naqoBeK Aa xeJrae 6lara 3a npfiqrerff sapxl.vl caMI'I.fl Helo.TeerE, KoI,rro r{o ro3H Haq}IH noxeJlaBar 6nlra, ce HapI'Iqarqo6po:renarennu(17), aKo y Apyrnt He B'b3HrrKHe cbqoro[uoxelanu el, a u no-roJrtMo or Hero. Trft raro nputreJl'crBo Bb3HnKBa rrpr4 Bga[IMHo go6poxenareJlcrBo. A rvroxe6n rpn6ra Aa ce npra6anu n qe He e cKpnro. 3auotoMHo3rrHa ca go6poxeJlareJlHl,r KbM HqKoLt, KoI{To He caBrrxIaJrH, rroHe)Ke rn cMqrar sa go6pn LJIH rroJre3ss- wnqroft or rtx Moxe [a [3rrnTa c]nloro Kt'M Apyr. Clego-BareJIHo, Te r{3rJlex4ar 4o6po:reJlareJIH}I eAHI,r KbM [py-ru. Ho rar x.f,xoft 6n rr.l napeKbJr rlplttreJlll, Koraro KplI.flTr ce6e cH orHorrreHl{ero eAHu KbM gpyrn! Clegonare.nHo,npnrreJrcrBoro e He caMo BsaHMHo go6poro pa3iloJroxe-Hr,re H [oxeJraBaHero Ha 6nara 3a Apyrnt, Ho tt roBa,4a HeOCTaBa CKpI'ITO - [OpaEI'I [pI4tI[HnTe' KOHTO I'I3T1,KHaXMe.

TJIABA TPETA

Ho re-sn TpI{ npldql,rHH ce pa3JILIqaBar e[Ha or [pyra uornai v o6nqaHu.flra ce pa3Jll{qaBar, a cJIeAoBareJIHo cepa3Jrr,rqaBar I,I caMlire nplltreJlcrna(18). Bnpoueu uuaTpH BHla nplrflTeJrcrBo, Kol,tro ctorBercrBar no 6poft Ha

r76t2 t77

rro6nvrrare Herua. Brn sceru orAeJIeH BI.u I,IMa B3aI{MHoo6u.raHe u ro He e cKpnro. O6r,ruaqrate ce B3aIlMHo cI,I

)KeJraflT 6rara rro raKbB Har{uH, no KaKbBTo o6uqat- Ose-gn, Kor,ITo gapalpr noJlgara ce o6uqar eAHH [pyrvt, He3apaAn caMr,rre nplrrreJll4 o6rauar, a AoKoJIKoro HJ{KaKBo6naro 6n npousrfl3Jlo 3a rflx elHI,I or [pyru. flo clrqu.sHAIIUH E N llPyt OHE3I4, KO}ITO CbSAABAT NPI,I.flTEJICTBO TTOME-

x,qy clr sapaAu y,qoBoJIcrBHe - Te o6uqar ocrpoyMHl4Te He3apaAH TOBa 14M KaqecTBo, a noHexe I{M .qocTaBtr yEoBoJI-crBl{e. 2. IL raxa, I{ oHe3}I, KoI,ITo ca npHtreJll'l 3apaAltnoneara(19), o6uuar nopaAl4 ToBa, qe 3a rrtx e 6.uaro, uTesH, KOLTTO 3apaAl,r yAOBOJICTBUeTo - rropaAl'I ToBa, qe 3aTqx e rpurIrHo, Karo 14 eAHure, lI ApyrI'ITe o6uqar He3apalu roBa, Koero e o6u.{aHlilflT or r.gx, a rroHexe e

noJregeH r4Jrn,qocraBt yAoBoJIcrsue. l safi-cerse, TaKI'IBarrpr4rreJrcrBa ca cryqaftsn. 3aqoro o6HqaHuqr e o6nqasHe gapaAu ToBa KaKbB I,IMeHHo rofi caNrn;rr. e, a noHexeegHn irpugo6nsar or Hero 6laro, a Apyrl4 - yAoBoJIcrsIte. 3.Tarnsa npntreJlcrBa JIecHo ce yHI'Iqo)KaBar, rroHexe xo-paTa He npoAl,JlxaBar Aa 6lAaT ct,trILITe u Koraro Beqe Heca npuflTHlr HJII{ ITOJIe3HV g!ldl' Ha Apyr, [pecTaBaT Aa ceo6uqar. flo.ueenoto He ocraBa He[poMeHeuo, a BceKH nbre [pyro r,r Apyro. W rcit, cJler Karo cI,I orl{Ae roBa, 3apagnKoero ca 6unu IrpHtreJII{, orl{Ba cv v npvnreJlcrBoro,noHexe ilp]rffTeJIcrnorot 6Hlo calro 3a re3u HeIrIa. 4.W cecMflTa, qe raKbB BHI nputreJlcrBo nua nafi-reqe ilpuBr,3pacrHrrre(20) (tsft rato re3I,I, Kottro ca ocrapeJrld, cecrpeMflT He KTIM [putrHoTo, a Kt,M novror{), a Te3r{ B

3ptJIa Bl,3paCT H MJIa[LITe ca, KoHTO ilpecJleEBaT nOJI3aTa.Ho raxnsa npuflTeilv ct,BceM He )KI,IBegr SaeAHO. florr.gro-ra Te He ca npusTHn e,qI,IH 3a Apyr, HI,tTo I,IMaT HyXIa oqer{ or raKoBa o6ulynaHe, ocBeH aKo He ca rroJre3u}l. 3aulotouoroJrKoBa ca rrpI,IflTH]r, uoKoJrKoro HMar HaAe)KEa sa 5ra-ro. lI x:npr regr,r npntreJlcrBa npldqI{cJItBar c:bilIo E rocro-npueMcrBoto. 5. A ce npueMa, qe npnsreJlcrBoro Harvrnaqrare(21) e sapagu yAoBoJIcrBnero, trft raro MJra1ldrexlrBe.f,T crropeA crpacrra, u nafi-ueqe ce crpeMqr Kt'Mnpl{rrHoro 3a rqx }r Koero e B Hacroffulrlt MoMe'Hr. CleAKaTO Ce npOMeHI'I Bt,3paCTTa' I'I yAOBOJICTBuLflTA CTaBaT

Apyrn. 3arona 6tpso craBar npI,I.RTeJrLI u 6tpso [pecraBarga 6r4ar, 3arrroro gaelHo c nplatrHoro, ce npoMeHt I4

HUKOMAXOBA ET[,{KA . KHI,IFA VII

API,ICTOT

rrpr{rreJrcTBoTo, a npoMrHara Ha raKoBa yAoBoJIcrBIde e6rp:a. I4 crrqo MJraAr,rre ca ckaoHHI,I Aa ce nnlo6nat,rroHexe B rro-FoJlflMLTL cvt qacr rro6oBTa e [o,{BJIacrHa HacTpac:rra Lr yAoBoJrcTBI4ero, a IIopaA,It ToBa I,IMeHno o6n-qar lr 6rpeo [pecraBar, Karo qecro B ctlrrlr.a AeH cerrpoMeHrr. Ho re LrcKar Aa [peKapBar AeHfl saeAHo I,I ,qalKI,rBeflT 3aeAHo, 3aqoro 3a Ttx no TaKbB HaqnH cToflTHerqara B npnqrercrBoro. 6. CrrrpureHo e [pI{treJIcrBo-ro(22) na go6pogereJlHuTe n sa noAo6HilTe rlo go6poge-re.u. 3auloro AoroJrKoBa I{ rlo raKbB HaqHH B3aI,IMHo cI,I

xeJlatr 6nara, AoKoJIKoro H B KaKbBTo cMHcbJI ca go6po-[ereJrHH. A ca go6poAereJIHH caMu no ce6e cu. A:relae-rrllrre 6nara 3a rrprr.flTeJl[Te cu 3apaAI,I caMI{Te rtx ca Bgafi-nncma crerreH rrpntreJln, rtft raro I,IMaT TaKoBa or-Ho[reHr,re nopaAu caMlrre ce6e cn, a He no clyuaftHoct, tlBaToBa rrxHara Apyx6a [poAbJlxaBa Aa cblrlecrByBa roJI-KoBa AbJrro, KoJrKoro ca go6pogereJlHlt, a uo6poler:eJlTa eHeuro [ocrorHHo u rpafino. Iu[ sce-rn or ,qBaMarL - ueAr,rHrrrr, vr Apytufl.T - e uo6pouereJleH u n a6colloreHcMr,rcT,Jr, r,r Kor{KpeTHo KbM npl4flTeJlt. 3aqo'ro 4o6poge-TeJrHr.rre ca u ngo6nro go6pogereJlHl,r, il tIoJIe3HI,I eAuH 3a

npyr. flo ct,ulnq HaqItH e H flpu AocraBtunTe yAoBoJIcr-nue: go6polereJrHHTe fi uso6qo AocraBffT yAoBoJIcrBI,Ie, uegr,rH Ha lpyr. 3aqoro rtoctbnKldre ItM ca c-D-orBerHo rrpu-cblrln Ha BceKr.rro cro6pasHo c y,qoBoJrcrBuero, u noAo6xnHa rflx, a nocrbrrKuTe Ha go6pogererHuTe caufira eEHaK-Bvr, vrJtrt nolo6HIa. 7. O6ocsoBaHo H pas6upaerr,ro e, qeTaKoBa npr.rflTeJrcTBo e nocroflHHo. Ta ncrnrHocr B Hero[urvreuuo] ce cbeA]rHflBaT BcuqKu HeIrIa, KoHTo rpx6na gar,rMa y flp]rflTeJrure. A Hann BctKo rrppltrencrBo cblrlecrBy-Ba unru gapagr,r 6;raro, r,IJrlr 3apa4pr yAoBoJIcrBlIe, n nilwuso6uqo, r,rJrH 3apaAlr rogr,r, xofiro o6nua, lI B cborBercrBllec r{qKaKBo nogo6ue(23). B Hero ce HaM}Ipar Bc}rqKu crro-MeHarI,r Herrla, 6narogapeHne Ha xopara, KaKBIirro re cacaMu no ce6e cu. B nero n xopara ca nogo6nu, u ro IlMa ltocraHaJroro - 6raroro ngo6qo lr y,qoBoJlcrBr,Iero prgo6ulo.W rlxa, Te3n Herrla ca Hafi-seqe .nrc6raprs n o6nqaneto unplrnrercrBoro Mex,qy raKr,rBa xopa e nafi-rolsnao u Haft-npeKpacHo. 8. Ho ecrecrBeHo e, qe raKnBa [npnxrenc:rna]ca peAKr{ - MarKo xopa ca raKnBa. IzI orqe, ueo6xo4uuu caocBeH ToBa BpeMe n c6luxaBaue; 3arrloro clopeA noro-

178 t79

HI,,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA - KHHTA VIII

BOpKara He e Bb3MoxHo Ha xopaTa Aa ce orro3HaflT eAHH

Apyr, ilpeAv Ea u3fi,aaT 3aeIHo I,I3BeCTHOTO Ha BCI,IqKI.IKoJrnqecrBo cot(24), Hr{To Aa ce o6ssqr 3a npl{treJlu,Hlrro Ea 6rAar: TaKI,IBa, rlpeAn BceKI,I or ABaMara Aa noKa-xe.flBHo Ha Apyrn.a, qe e AocroeH [a 6rAe o6lrqaH I,I ra Myce BfpBa. 9. A resn, KoI4To B orHolrreHntra noMe)K,u,y cll6rpeo 3anoqBar [a ce Abp)Kar npnr{TeJIcKH, )KeJIatr Aa6rgar rpvrrerv, Ho [nctqnocr] ne ca, ocBeH aKo cagocrofiHr,r sa o6uqaHe I{ suatr rosa. yI rlfi, xelaHrrero 3a[pr,rrreJrcrro 6rpeo ce [opa)KAa, Ho He H caMoro rrpntreJl-CTBO.

TJIABA qETBbPTA

Tona npnrreJlcrBo, cJteAoBareJIHo, e cbBbprueHo rlonpoAbJrxr4TeJIHocT H no oTHoIrreHlre Ha ocTaHaJInTe HeIrIa,H BbB BC.flKO OTHOIrreHLre 3a BceKI,I ce cb3AaBaT oT ,4pyrnteAHr,r u cbtrlta ]t cxolHI,I Helqa, KaKTo I,IMeHHo tpa6na ga6rue uex[y npnsreJr I{re. flpnr:reJl crBoro 3 apaAI,I y,4oB oJI -crB[ero HMa npHJII{Ka c roBa. flosexe 1o6poqereJlHurecrr [ocraBflT y,qoBoJlcrBue eAI,tH Ha [pyr. Io ctulltl HaqI'IHe r,r sa nplrxreJrcrBoro gapalta noJle3Horo - ttft raroTaKrrBa ca eAHI,r 3a Apyru go6pogereJlHI,ITe. lA npu raKlIBaXOpa npntTeJICTBaTa Ce 3aIIaSBaT TBt'pAe A5JITO' KOraToeAHo H cbqo ce cbSAaBa or elHI{Te KbM Apyf,HTe, Hanpu-Mep yloBoJrcrBne, lI He caMo, a oqe I4 no ro3I,I HalIEHtKaKTo or ocrpoyMHnTe, a He KaKTo e ilpu nrrc6euuq I,I

srgrro6eHran(25). 3alloto re He roryqaBar yAoBoJIcrBHeoT eAHr,r n ct qu HeIrIa, a e4urvnr - rleAafixu Apytkrfl, a

Apyrlrrr - Ha roBa Aa My 6tge o6prqaHo BHI,IMaHIIe orsrlo6eHnr. floHexe cJreA Karo e npeMIdHaJIo BpeMero, B

pa3rlBera Ha )KlrBoTa noHtKora cnnpa lr npHtreJlcrBoTo,rrfi xaro Ha egr,rHr,rr rJreAaHero [reuel He flocraBq yAoBoJI-crBlre, a 1pyrr4rr He noryqaBa BHlIMaHI,Iero. A uttosnna,HanpoTr,lB rrtK, saHa[peA ocTaBaT BepHI,I Ha IIp]IflTeJIcTBo-To, aKo rropalu rocrl{rHaro I,IcrnHcKo 6augxo rlogHaHcrBoxapecBaT eguH Ha Apyr HpaBI,ITe cv, noHe)Ke ca cxogau- 2.A ouesu, Korrro s nrc6onHlrre orHoureHl,I.fl npeAu3BuKBareAr,rH 3a Apyr He y[oBoJIcrB]Ie, a rIoJI3a, ca np]rtTeJIH B rlo-MaJrKa crerreH, r{ no-MaJrKo ocraBar rIocrotHHI,I. TaxnnanbK, Kor,rTo 3apaAH flore3Horo ca [putreJlH, eAHoBpeMeH-

HO C U3qepnBaHero Ha rIoJI3aTa ce pa3AeJIfT' 3alrl,oro He ca

6lrnra nplrxreJlll eAI,IH Ha [pyr, a Ha noJlsa:ra. Taxa qe

3apa.qu y,uoBoJlcTBllero I{ Sapa[x rroJle3Horo e Bb3MO)KHO

ua-6ruar ilpl{freJl14 rloMexly cll Lr JIoruu xopa' ra go6poge-TeJrHlI Aa ca npHflTeJIH Ha Jlo[rla' u nuroft or ABara BlaAL -

Ha xopa 6ee onpegeJreH xapaKrep. Ho tcHo e, qe caMogo6poAerettsute ca nputreJru SapaAI'I caMI'ITe ce6e cu,r'nit'Karo JIouIltTe He ce HacJIa)KAaBaT B3aI'IMHo eAI'IH Ha Apyr'ocBeH aKo He LrsBrruqar HqKaKBa rloJrsa eAnH 01'gpyr' 3' I4uprlqrercrBoro MexAy Ao6po4ereJlHI'ITe e eguHcrBqHoro'HelocTr,rIHO 3a KJIeBerIa. 3auloto He e JIecHo Ia uoBflpBaHerrtro 3a H.flKoro tIoBeK' rofiro [T,Jrro BpeMe caM ro e

usnpo6uan. Te uuat AoBepI'Ie e[HH B Apyr, u HI'IKora He

rrocrbnBar Hec[paBsAluno, u [vrexgy rnx Nua] BcI4tIKll

ItpvfI,IHeIIIa,Kol'lroceqeHqrBI',tcTI',IHCKOTOnpl{treJlCTBo'A n gpyrure [npuxrencrna] nraqo He rrpeql! TaKI4Ba Heula

Aa Br,3HHKsar. 4. flopagu ToBa ce Hapl'rqaT npuflTeilv vl

Te3I,t, KoI,ITO ca TaKHBL 3LpAAU noJre3HoTor KaKTo Abp)Ka-nnre (eauloro ce cMflTa, qe BoeHHure cr'Io3I'I Mexgy Abp-)KaBr{Te ce cr,3AaBaT C OrJIeA, Ha noJI3aTa), u onesra, Kollroca [pI,IflTeJII,I sapaAI'I yAoBoJIcrBltero I'I ce o6IEqat cHJIHo

noMe)KAy cI{, KaKTo leqara- Taxa qe Moxe 6u rpn6aa uHHe raKHBa xopa Aa HapeqeM npHtreJII{' Karo LI3TbKHeM'qE BI'IAOBETE TIPHflTEJICTBO CA H.flKOJIKO. HO HA UIPBO MffC*

ro H Haft-ur.rcoko crou ilpu.flTeJlcrBoro xa go6pogereJrHlt-Te, AoKoJIKoro re ca go6pogereJlHn' a ocraHaJlvre canpnflTeJlcrBa rlo noAo6rae na Hero - AoKoJIKoro 6raro s r'nxe Heu{o nogo6uo Ha ucrl{HcKoro' [oroJIKoBa ca rrpvtsreilr-l'3arqoro I{ yAoBoJIcrBHero e 6.naro 3a re3l'l' KoLITo o6nqaryAoBoJIcTBl1.nra. 5. Ho clscelvr He ce cr'eAI'IHtBaT Te3H

npI,IfTeJIcTBa, HnTo cTaBaT npI4.flTeJII4 3apaAl4 noJre3Ho'To nsapagu ygoBoJlcrBuero. Ttft raro MHoro pflAKo clyuafinu-Te Herrra ce cBbp3Bar uo [noftru. 6- Cneu Karo Ha raKI{BaBu[oBe 6eure pi:geJleHo npuflTeJlcrBoro' JrorrrI'ITe qe 6l-AaT npI4tTeJI H 3 ap aALI yAoBoJrcTB I',I eTO ITJI H- 3 apaAI',I IIoJI 3 a-

Ta, rroHe)Ke B Te3u HeIIra ca nogo6gx, a go6pogereJlHl4Te -

sapaAI,I caMI,ITe ce6e cu qe 6llar ilp-'IgreJll'1. Clegorarel-Ho TIocJIeAHIlTe ca npvflTe$H Hso6qo, a nbpBlaTe - nocryuafiuocr I,t rIoHe)Ke ca noAo6H[I Ha [bpBI'ITe.

I API,|CTOTEA

180 l8l

MAXOBA ETUKA - KHI,ITA VIII

TJIABA TIETA

Kaxro npu 4o6poAereJlI{Te eAHI,I xopa ce Hapl,rqar ro-6pogerenHlr crropeA HpaBcrBeHoro KaqecrBo, a Apyrl4 -cnope[ 4efinocrra(26), raxa e v npv rlpnflTeJlcrsoro. 3a-rrloro e,uHr{, :ruseefixn 3aeAHo, ce HacJIa)KAaBar eALIH Ha

Apyr !{ cl,t AocraBtt 6nara, a [pyru, Koraro cnsr I'IJII,I capa3AeJreHH Ha pa3crorHl{e, He gelicrryrar, Ho ca B TaKoBacbcroflHue, qe ca cuoco6nu ga geffcrnyBar Karo [pI'IflTe-nu. flonexe pascroflHl{ffTa He npeKbcBar rlpl{flTeJrcrBorouso6u1o, a Aefinocrra. Aro orctcrBuero craHe npoAbJI-xHTeJrHo, r{3rJIe)KAa, qe [puru,tHxra :a6pantHe Ha nput-TercrBoro. 3arosa ce xazna(27):

,,MHoro rIpHtreJIcrBa e yHI,ItqoxI,IJIo MT,nqasHerot.2- ItI uernex,qa, qe HHTo Br,3pacrHI,ITe, HI,ITo MpaqHlrre' caroAHr{ 3a npld.flTeJlctno, rtft Karo c rtx ItMa MaJIKo Mflcro3a y,qoBoJrcrBr4e lI snrofi He Mo)Ke Aa npeKapBa [HI4Te3aeAHo c qoBeK, roftto e rb)KeH nrv 3a Kororo HtMatrpvrflTrtr Herrla. 3aqoro LI3rJIeiK[a, qe npilpoAara uait-seqe us6srra crpr6noro n ce crpeMld KbM AocraB.flIrloroyAoBoJrcrBue(28).3. A osegn, KolITo B3aI'tMHo ce o4o6pa-BaT, HO He Xr'rBeqr 3aeAHo, I,I3rJIe)K,qar no-cKopo Karogo6pe pa3[oJro)Kenu [e4ran rtrur gpyr], orKoJlKoro Karonpr{rreJrr{. Ta sunlo He e raKa np}Icr,Irlo Ha rrprl.flTeJlure,KaKTo roBa Aa xI{BeflT gae,qHo. flonexe v resv, Ha Ko}IToHe HM [OCTItra HeIIIO' Ce CTpeM.uT KI'M IIO.qKpefIa' H Ct,II{On 6naxenure - Aa npeKapBar AHHTe saeAHo. 3auoro saft-MaJrKo Ha rflx no[xoxAa ga 6rgat caMorHH. A Aa xuse.flrSaeAHO eAHn c [pyru He Morar, aKo He cn AocraBtr y[oBoJI-CTBHO }l He Ce HaCJIaXAaBaT Ha 9,[HI'I H CT,IIIU HeIIIa' a TOBanMeHHo H3rJrexAa, qe ro uMa B ApyrapcrBoro. 4. I4 rarca,npr,rrreJrcraoro(29) e safi-usoro npucblrlo Ha go6poge-TeJIHHTe, KaKTO MHOrO rrr,Tlr ce rasa. I4grrexIa, qe lro6n-Mo r{ fipeArroqrrraHo e 6raro:ro nso6uo HJI]r yAoBoJIcrBne-To, rt 3a BceKIl lto6uluro e roBa, Koero 3a Hero e rarona. A6n arop asyr.a lavrflT e raKt, B : a 6l aropo Er^t4n t4 nopa,{u AB erenpuquHlr. 5. Ho o6uqanero npuJlllqa Ha crpacr, a rlpun-TeJrcrBoro - Ha Kaqecrso. floHexe o6uqagero He no-MaJIKO e HaCOqeHO KT'M HeOAy[IeBeHHTe, H B3aI{MHOTOo6uqane uvra o6uro cbc cr'3HarerHl,I.fl ns6op, a cr,3HareJl-Hnrr us6op rlpou3Tuqa or KaqecrBara. I[. xopara xeJlatr

API,ICTOTEA

6rara Ha o6nqasure or rrx xopa sapaAlr rrx He crrope[crpacrra, a crrope[ HpaBcTBeHr{Te r(aqecrna. A regr{, Kor{-ro o6uqar npnrreJrfl, o6uqar roBa, Koero e 6laro 3a rrx.Trfi raro go6pogererHu.flT cJreA Karo e craHaJr rrprlrreJr,craBa 6raro 3a oH3r{, Ha Kororo e [purreJr. CneAonare.n-HO, BCeKH OT EBaMara O6Uqa Id TOBa, KOerO 3a HerO e 6.rrarO,v ELBa or cBofl crpaHa Ha Apyrnr cbrrlo roJrKoBa r,r go6po=xeJrareJlHocr, Lr ygoBoJrcrBlre. Halu ce Ka3Ba, ue nplrfllTeJrcrBoro e pannocr(3O). A re3r{ Herrla BcbrrlHocr n nafi-roJIqMa cTeneH ce HaMupaT B rrprrrTeJrcTBoTo xa go6poge-TerrHlrre [xopa].

UIABA IUECTA

Mexgy MpaqHrlTe n Bb3pacrHure [xopa] ToJrKoBa no-MaJTKO e nprrrTeJrcTBoTo, KoJrKoTo no-HenprdflTHH ca Lr fro-MaJrKo ce HacJra)KAaBar Ha o6rqynauero. ffose:xe. ugrJrex-Aa, qe HacJrax,{enuflrl B o6nlyuaHero ca B Haft-rorqMaCTefIeH npHCt'ull4 Ha npnflTeJICTBOTO It Cb3AaBaIIIV npufl-TeJIcrBo. 3arosa MJraArare cTaBar npr,r.rreJrlr 6rpso, a Bb3-pacTHl{Te - He, 3aIrIoTo He cTaBaT npwnTerv c Te3n, oTKouro He noJryqaBaT HacJraAa; no cbrrlr,rfl HaqnH u MpaqHr,r-re. Ho raKr{Ba xopa ca go6po:relareJrHr,r noMexAy cn rnfiKaro re cH )KeJrarr 6nara eAHr{ Ha Apyrn u ce xnxnar [HanoMorrr c nplrcbcrBaero cu] [pr.r HyxAa, Ho cbBceM He canpvrfrTeilv, sarrloTo He npeKapBaT ,qeHq saeAHo n He ceHacJra)KAaBar eAHH or Apyru, Kor,rro Heula ncrrqnocr Hafi-Beqe r,r3rrexAar npr,rcbrrlu Ha rrprr.flTeJrcrBoro. 2. flpncbBbprueHoro npnflTeJlcrBo He e BbgMo)KHo qoBeK ga 6tgenpnrrreJr Ha MHosriHa, TaKa KaKTo He Moxe [a 6r,qe nlro-6eH n NrHosr,rHa erHoBpeMeHHo, sarrloro rrpnJrlrqa Ha lr3Jru-rrlbK, a ToBa e TaKoBa Heqo, 3a KoeTo e ecTecTBeHo Ia eHacoqeHo KbM eAr,rH rroBeK. A pruoro xopa eAHoBpeMeHHoclrJrHo Ia ce xapecBar Ha e4vr" pt cbrrl He e JrecHo; uoxe 6ncbrrlo e rpyAHo MHo3nHa Aa ca go6pogerernu. 3. l/L r.ait-nocJre tpn6na r,r Aa ce Harpyna orr,rr, u Es ce npHBr{KHe,Koero e nafi-rpygHo or Bcr,rtrKo. 3apagra rrore:ruoro r,r roBa,Koero e y,qoBoJrcrBr,rero, [Haroft] Moxe [a ce xapeca HaMHosrrHa. Taxfisa xopa ]rMa MHoro, a ycJryrnre He r,r3ucK-Bar MHoro BpeMe. 4. Ho or ABara Br,r,qa Karo rrpurreJrcrBorr3rJrexAa rroBeqe ToBa, KoeTo e Sapa[]r yloBoJIcTBHeTo,

t82 183

HUKOIIAXOBA ETUKA . KHUTA vlII

KOTaTO eAHfi U CbrIII,I Herrla rroJryqaBaT 14 ABaMaTa, n Te ceHacJra)KlaBaT BSar{MHO eAHH OT Apyr HJrr,r OT eAHr,r }r CbrrltrHenla. Taxrasa ca npr{rreJrcrBara Ha MJra,qr,rre. B rqx n no-roJrrMa creneH nMa rroBeqe cso6p4a. A gpyroro, Koero e3apaAr,r rroJIe3HocTTa, e npHcbrrlo Ha Te3H, Kol,ITo ca Hana3apa. IzI 6laxenure He xeraqr noJlegnr,r Herqa, a y[o-BOJICTBHT - Te XeJIa.flT [a )KnBerIT SaeAHO Cldfl,Kotlt, n MaJIKOBpeMe Hocrr crpr6:ra, a Hnrofi He 6n t r,r3gbpxaJr Herrpe-cTaHHo, Aopr{ [a e caMoro 6naro. 3aroua rr,pc.ffT npnrre-JIr{, ,qocraBflrrlu ygoBoJrcrBue. Ho pro>re 6u rpx6na Ea ca rrgo6pogereJrHr{ Te3r,t, Kor.tro rbpcflT, rn oule Lr 3a caM}rrece6e cn. floHexe raKa r,r y rsx rqe ru vv'L Herrlara, Kor4Torpr6na Aa uMa y nprlsreJruTe. 5. A resu, Koltro r4MarBJracT r,r3rJlexAaT, qe I{3[oJr3BaT paSJrHqHr,r IIpHqTeJrn -rroHexe 3a Tflx elH}t ca rroJre3Hr,t, a ApyrH trM ,4ocTaBrTy,4oBoncTBHe, Ho eAHU r{ Cbrqu xopa Aa ca oT ABaTa B}rAacbBceM He ce cJryqBa. 3arqoro HHTo rbpcrr AocraBflrrllryIoBoJICTBI4e, KOnrO Aa HOCrr gO6pO4ereJI, HHTO rroJre3HH- 3a npeKpacHuTe Herrla, a xagynafiKr,r 3a yAoBoJrcrBr,rr,TbpcrT ocTpoyMHl,t, 3a pr3rrbJrHeHr,Ie rrbK Ha ToBa, KoeTo esarroBrgaHo, Tr,pcrr cpbqHr,r n .rronxr,r(31), a reeu HerrlacbBceM He ce cpeular B egrdH vr c'brg.u qoBeK. 6. BeqeKa3axMe, r{e ,4o6porlopflAbqHr{rr e ro3r,t, KofiTo e eAHoBpe-MeHHo rtpr.rflTeH u noJregeu. Ho rarrn He craBa npr{rreJr HaqoBeK, xoftro ro npeBb3xox,qa, ocBeH aKo He ro npeBbgxo-)K,qa no go6pogereJr, a aKo He, To3r,r, xofiro e [peBb3xo)K-AaH, He Moxe Ia ce rlspaBHr,r nponopqnoHaJrHo. Ho crncer'tprlKo ce cryrrBa Aa ce r{aMepsr raKr,rBa. 7. CnenonareJrHoIIpHtTeJICTBaTa, 3A KOITTO Ka3aXMe, [OrInBaT Ha paBeHCT-Bo, Tbfi Karo elHu I{ cbrllu Herqa ce cb3[aBar u ce xeJra.ffToT BCeKr,r oT [BaMaTa 3a Apyr[r, vnu cv, pa3MeH.flT pa3Jrr{-qHH HeUIa, KaKTO Harrpr,rMep yIOBOJTCTBITe Cpeqy nOJr3A.(Ie onegu np[.areJrcrBa ca ro-Jrorrrn H rro-MaJrKo rrpolbJr-xaBar, KagaxMe. Ho ctqo u c orJIeA Ha eAHaKBocr r{ago6pogererra H3rJrexgar npnqreJrcrBa (rnft rato B eAHo-TO r{Ma Herrlo rrpHflTHo, a B ApyroTo - Helqo rroJre3Ho, ar,rcrl,rHcKoro npnrreJrcrro o6egnH.ffBa re3H crrqnte 4ne),o6aqe nopa4u roBa, ue ro e HeAocrbnuo 3a KJreBern u erpaftHo, AoKaro reen 6tpeo ce npoMeHflT u ce pasJrr{qaBarrIO MHOrO ApyrH Herrla, Te He H3rJreX[aT rrpr.rffTeJrcTBanopagn HeelHaKBocT c oHoBa IrpUrTeJrCTBO.

API,ICTOTEA

IJIABA CEAMA

.[pyr rHg npnflTeJrcrBo e roBa rlo npeBT,3xo,[crBo, Ka-KTo HanpuMep Ha 6aqara KbM clrHa n uso6qo Ha Bb3pac-THH{ KbM IO-MJIaUI'Ifl' Ha Mb)Ka KT,M )KeHaTA V HA BCeKI'IHaqaJrHHK K6M nOAqr,rHeHHTe rvly. Ho re3H [orHourenun] cen pa3JrHqaBaT rroMexAy cu: He e eAHo H cbIIIo [peB53xoA-CTBOTO Ha pOAI,ITeJIIITe crlp'IMo IeTeTo I,l Ha HaqaJIHltqlrTeCnp.aMO nOAqHH9HI'ITe' HnTO e elHO I'l CTTUIO OTHOIII9HH9TOHa 6aqara KbM cI,IHa vr Ha cuna KbM 6arqara, HI,ITo HaMbxa KbM xeHaTa I{ Ha )KeHaTa KbM MT,)Ka. 3auloropa3JII4qHn y tsCeKr.r oT TflX Ca Ao6poAereJITa H AeJIoro, H

pa3JrlrqHla [p]IqHHItTe , nopaAH KoI,lTo o6utrar. CneAo-BaTeJIHo, pa3IHtIHH ca u ilpuflTeJICKI,ITe qyBCTBa' u ilpt'Lfl'TeJrcrBara. 2. flone>re rIHTo ce cbSAaBar eAHlt vt c\t\*lHerrla oT BceKH 3a Apyrl4fl, Huto rpn6Ba [a ce TbpcflT' a

KOTaTO AeUaTa oTAaAaT Ha poAHTeJIuTe HerIIaTa, KoI'ITorpx6na, a poAlITeJIInTe - Ha AeIIaTa cI,I II,JIxHMure HeIrIa, ToTrxHoro [pr,rflTeJlcrBo rrle 6tge ycrofiquBo I{ 4o6po. HoBbB Bcr,rqKU noqnBauln Ha npeBb3xoAcrBoro npHtreJlcrBarpx6ra o6nqaHero ga 6rge nponopqlroHaJrHo, Hanpl{Meplo-Ao6pnrr rpq6Ba noBeqe Aa 6bAe o6uqaH, orKoJlKoro,qao6raua, H rroJIe3HI,Itr cbrllo, la lto ct,lqu-n HaqnH 3a BceKLI orApyrr,rTe. 3arqoro KoraTo o6l4qaHeTo e cr,orBeTHo Ha Aoc-TOfiHCTBOTO, TOraBa Ce ycTaHoBtBa H.flKaKBa I,I3paBHeHocrta ce cMrra, qe roBa e rlpncr'tr1o Ha nputreJrcrnoto(32). 3.I4grrexla, o6aue, qe He no eAHaKbB HaqHH crorr Helrlarac paBeHcTBoTo B cnpaBelJlI4BI,ITe HeIrIa I,I B nplItTeJIcTBo-ro. floHexe rrpu cnpaBe,qJluBHTe Heqa paBeHcrBoro e Hant,pBo Mflcro cIIopeA AocroftncrBoTo, a I{a BTopo M.scrocrlopeA KoJrHqecrBoro(33); a rpu npllrreJrcrBoro Ha nbp-BO M.gCTO e CnOpeA KOrUqeCTBOirO, a Ha BTOpO - CIIOpeA4ocrofiHcrno:ro. 4. Tona ctana qcHo, Koraro xopara caMHoro,qaJIeq eAIiH or Epyr no'cBolra go6poger:eJl I,IJIIa norropoKa, r,rJltr B u3o6urfiero, lrJrH no HeIrIo Apyro. B raxusacryqan re Beqe He ca npntTeJrrr, HHT0 ce cMtrar [ocToftH]Iga 6rgar. Tona e Hafi-flBr{o npn 6orosere; salrloro re B

nafi-s[coxa crerreH rrpeBbsxoxAar rlo r,cvtlKtz. 6lara. HoscHo e n npil qapere. Ilosexe HHTo re3ll, Kol,rro croflTMHOrO [O-AOfiy, Ce Cq]rra1 AOCrOftnn Aa 6r,D,Ar reXHr,r [pI4-frTerv, Hr,rro oHe3rr, Kor{To 3a H}rrqo He ca Aocrofisn - tla

184 185

HT,KOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHHTA V|II

rrafi-qo6pnre urv Hafi-vrcgpttte. Pas6upa ce, B Te3I{ HeIrIacrpora rpaHHIIa, Ao KoflTo ca [pI4ffTeJII,I, HflMa. 3aqoroMaKap lr MHoro HeIrIa Aa ca ce nsry6uln, Bce naK oureilpoAbJrxaBa npI4flTeJIcTBoTo, a aKo Ha MHoro roJItMol)a3croflHl,Ie ca pa3AaJIeqeHIr, KaKTo t{oBeKbr ot 6ora -BCqe He. 6. Orxr[e:ro e I{ 3arpyAHeHltero, AaJII{ npu'IreJl}I-'l'o He rro)KeJraBar Ha npIttTeJII,ITe CI4 Haft-BncruHTg or6narara, Hanpr,rMep [a 6tgat 6orose- 3auloto roraBa relleqe H.rIMa Aa I4M 6ruat ilprltreJll,t. CrelosareJlHo' He I'I

6.nara [ea rlx]. Ta naln ilpI,IflTeJIIire ca 6lara. Tara qe arolrpaBlrJrHo ce Ka3Ba, qe ilpplqTeJlffT )KeJIae Ha [putTeJlfl(uara 3apa.{n caMla Hero, To nocJIeAHHqt:rpa6na Aa ocra-He UMeHHO TaKbB, KaKbBTO e, 3aIrIoTo ToraBa Ha Hero KaToua qoBeK ure My xeJlarrr Hafi-Bucurl4re 6.nara. Ho rrao:re 6uHe BcrrqKnre; Saqoro BceKI,I nafi-neqe sa ce6e cu )KeJIae6nara(34).

IJIABA OCMA

floseuero xopa r{3rJrexAa, qe Sapalu qecroJrlo6l{e,noBeqe xeJIarIT,qa 6r'[ar o6uuann, orKoJIKoro 4a o6uuar.3arosa noBeqero xopa o6nvar JIacKareJInte. flose)Ke JIa-cKaTeJrflT e cToflul no-HI,IcKo npr,ItTeJI, LrJtv ce npecTpyBa,rr€ I TitKbB; H qe noBeqe o6uqa, orKoJlKoro e o6HrIaH. A AafnAenr o6uqan ce cMtra, qe e no,{o6Ho Ha roBa Aa noJlyqa-llaIII rIOqeCTlI' Kt M KO9TO MHO3IIHa Ce CTpeMqr. 2. HO!r3rJre)K[a [oBetleTo xopa npeArlotll{TaT nor{nTTa He 3apa-,tn caMaTa He.g, a rn e cx.yuai,tHa. 3auloTo MH03llHcTBoTo cepaABa, Koraro iloJlyqaBa fioqecTlt or Te3I4, KO]ITO HMaTBJracr; 3apaAr,r H.aAexlaTa - rloHexe cMtTa, qe IIle noJlyqnor rrx Heuo, r cryvafi, qe ce HyxAae or Hero,- TaKatcJreAoBaTeJrHo, TQ ce paABa Ha fIOqnTTa KaTo npIt3HaK 3a(lrgeqo 6raro,qernue. A oHe3lr, Koltro ce crpeM.tr AauoJryqaBar rroqur or 4o6pu I,l 3Haelqu xopa, )KeJIatr AalrorBbpArr n ce yBepsr B co6crBeHoro cn MHeHIde 3a ce6ecu. CneAos&TgJrHo; T9 ce parBar, qe ca 4o6pogerernu,urpnafixn Ha npeIIeHKara Ha.Te314, Koltro ro Ka3Bar. Bnpo-qeM palBaT ce, KoraTo ca o6ut4a[u KaTo npI4tTeJIH 3apa,qncaMoro rlputreJlcrBo H 3aroBa ce cMtra, rre raKaBa o6uqc no-go6pa or [orrHTTa, It qe nputreJrcrBoro carrro no ce6ecH e Aocroftno ga 6rge Hs6npaHo. 3. Ho nsrrexAa, rre ro

ce cbcToH noBeqe B TOBa Ea O6nqaIII, oTKoJTKOTO Aa 6b[eIIIo6uqaH. .[orasarencrBoro ca uaftrnre, Kol,ITo ce HacJra)K-AaBar Ha roBa 4a o6uvar. Bnpouerra HrKotr or rrx AaBarAerlara cn 4a 6t4ar xpaHeHu uru o6uqat, sHaeftru [ue carexxrl, no 6es Aa Tbpcrr ga 6tgar o6nqaHu n orrooop,Koraro orrle He e BrgMo)KHa 83alrMHocr. A Hsrflex[a, qe 3aTflX e AOCTaTIqHO, aKo BH)KAaT, qe leqaTa UM cA 4O6pe, ulu o6uuar, AopH r.r Koraro re nopaAu He3HaHue He orAaBarna *rafirara Hr,ruo or roBa, Koero no4o6ana. 4. II rtfi,loKoJrKoro [pnrreJrcrBoro e no-cKopo B ToBa ga o6uuaue,H ca xBaJIeHH Te3I,I, Kollro o6uqat rIpH.lreJIlrre, To HgrJIe_xga, qe go6poger:eJrra Ha npr{flTeJrlrre e B ToBa, ue o6nuat,TaKa lle Te3U, y KOI,ITO TOBa CTaBa B CbOTBeTCTBI,Ie egocrorincrBoro, Te ca trocroflHHu rlp]rtreJrn H TflxHoronpr{flTeJrcrro e rpafiHo. 5. ItI rro To3n Haqnn Aopr{ xopa,Kolrro ca HepaBHr,r rroMexly cu, e Bb3MoxHo ga 6tgarnprflTeJrH; rtfi raro Morar Aa ce rd3paBH.flBar; a paBeHcr_Boro r,r nogo6ner:o, ll Hafi-Beue cxogcrnoro rro go6poge_TeJI, e npldflTeJlcKo orHorueHne. ffoHe:xe re npo[T,JrxaBaTga 6tgar nocrorHHn caMr,r no ce6e cu n eAur,r cnpsMoApyru, H Haro ce Hyx4asr or Jrorrrn Herqa, Hn:ro ctgeficr_BaT 3a TaKr,IBa Herrla, a TaKa Aa ce Kaxe, Aopu ru Bbsnpe_rrrrcrBar. 3arqoro e rrpucl,qo na 6laropoAHuTe Aa HerpellaT caMr.rTe Te lr [a He ro rro3BoflqBaT Ha nplrflTeJrHTe.A nopouHure He npurexaBar Hr,rqo ycrofiurani, mfi xaroHe ocraBar nogo6Hu Ha caMHTe ce6e cn; n HacJra)KA anafircuce B3aHMHO Ha nopoqHocTTa,3a KpaTKO BpeMe ca rrpHrTe-Jrr4.6. A nolegsnre !r rrpurrHrrre xopa ga rro-AbJrto BpeMeocraBar [rarrana] - ToJrKoBa AbJrro, AoKaro cr,r AocraBqreAHH Ha Apyru yAoBoJrcrBlafr untr4 rroJresHu Herrla. Izf xgr.ne-xAa, qe Haft-seqe oT nporr,rBorroJroxHrdre Herqa ce paxAanpn.fl TeJTCTBOTO 3 apAAr.r noJr eSHoTO, KaKTO Haupu rvrep 6eg-HHgr e npllrreJr na 6oratra.fl, HeBexara - na yuennq. gaqo_To KoraTo ce cJryqn nxxori Aa vua HyxAa or Herrtro, rofi cecrpeMr,r_KbM Heto, Karo or cRoa s1p4"a AaprBa Apyro. TyKH.flroft 6u npuuuciltrlt u nnn6enul, n rosu, xofiro

" ,rpda_

Mer Ha lro6orra, nKpaclaBlan ll rpo3H]rr. 3arosa " ""rr6Oe_gr.ITe noH.ffKora I,r3rJre)KAaT CMerIrHH, KOTaTO XeJIaflT Aa6rgar o6nqauu rorrKoBa, KorKoro re o6nqar. il ;;rd;

Haqr,ru e, aKo ca eAHaKBo gocrofiuu Aa rrpe4r,r3Buxar o6uu,HO aKO H.ffMaT Hr,r4O TaKOBa, TOraBa e cMelrrHo. 7. Mo:re

186 t87

TI.EII HUKOIV1AXOBA ETT,IKA - KHUTA VIII

flr, nnpoveM, rrporllBonoJlo)KHoro ce crpeMI,I KbM nporln-il()troJroxHo He caMo no ce6e cu, a cryqafiso. KaxlBTo e I'r

c'l'peMe)Kbr KbM cperuuara. flone)Ke rt e 6.naro, KaKToilanpuMep 3a Herrlo cyxo 6laroro e He Aa craHe BJIaxHo' a/(ir AocTI{rHe cpe[I{HaTa, u ilo cblrllr.fl HaqI{H e v 3a TolJro-'r(), r,r 3a ocraHaJloro. Ho HeKa [ponycHeM Te3]r ueula, rlfiKlrro ca [o-crpaHI{qHra [sa Halrrero neclegnane].

TJIABA IEBETA

I4gr.ne:rAa, o6ave, KaKTo ce Ka3a It B HaqaJloro(35), ueK'I'M eAHlt lI CbIIIll HOIIIA Ce OTHaCflT u B efiHlr I'I CT,IIln HeIIlaca H npr,rj{TeJrcTBoro, u cnpaBe[JlI4Boro. I4srne)KAa' qe BbBrlc.flKa o6ulnocr uMa Helrlo cnpaBeAJII'IBO' a H npntTeJlCTBO;lrft ra:ro Hapltqar ripn?tenn u crrbrHl'Iqnre no Mope' H

ctrofisnquTe, LI no cbIqI,It HaqI{H I'I [pyrI'ITe, KolITo ca B

,lpyra clo6rqsocr. Bnpouevr, cnopeA ToBa AoKoJIKo cacurpeaHu n o6rqHocrra, AoroJIKoBa e u IIpHtreJIcrBoro. AJloroJrKoBa e ll cnpaBeAJrr'IBoro. I4 noronopKara ,,HeqaraHa rrplrtreJl:aTe ca o6rqn"(36) e [paB]IJIHa, 3arlloro nP]rI-'r'eJrcrBoro cbIrIecrByB a v ce fipoflBflBa B o6[trHocrra.2- 3tCrparnra v sa r.pvfrTeJIHTe ca o6rqn BcI4qKn Helrra' a 3a

/(pyrI,ITe ca oTIeJIHH Heula - 3a eAHI,I rroBeqq, 3a Apyru no-MAJTKO. fIOse;re lI ilpugTeJlcrBaTa ca pa3rI,IIIHH rIo creneH- eAHr,r ca [o-roJIeMI.r, a Apyru no-MaJIKLt. Csrqo ta cnpaBe-/(JTHBHTe Helrra ce pasJllttlasar. 3auoro He ca erHI,I H cblrl?ly poAHTeJIHTe KbM AeIIara Ia sa 6patnta IIoMe)K[y I'IM, Hl'tro3a ApyrapuTe !r cbrpa)K[aHI,ITe; rlo cblrlut HarII4H e I'I B[pyr]rre npl4flTeJlcTna. 3. cnegonareJlHo It HecnpaBeAJIu-RUTe Herrla ce pa3rHqaBar noMexAy cI{ BbB BceK}I oT,qeJIeHclyuaft, n ca ionxoBa no-roJleMl4, KoJIKoto no-6augKv carrpt4flTeJrlrTe, HarIpI,IMep no-yxacHo e Aa JI[rrIHIrr oT rlap]Illpyrapfl clr, orKoJrKoro cbrpa)KnaHlrHa, I4 Aa He noMorHelrrna 6par, orKoJrKoro Ha qy;Ku, A Ea yqapnur 6anla cu,orKoJrKoro Kororo u ga 6wno gpyr. C,nyvBa ce cnpaBeAJIH-Boro Aa HapacHe e,qHoBpeMeHHo c lrplrtreJlcTBoro' rloHe-xe u ABeTe ca B eEHLI I{ cblrlu xopa }I B eAHaKBa cTerIeH cepa3flpocrr,rpar. O6aue BcuqKIt o6rqnocru ]I3rJIexlar KaroqacTu or rpaxnaHcKara clo6rqnocr, Tt,fi Karo xopara cecr6npat 3aeAHo, ea 4a na6aBflT HeIrIo [oJIegHo, npugo6n-safixn Herrlo ot Heo6xogllMllTe 3a xI,IBora Henla I4 rpax-

API,lCTOTEA

IaHcKara o6[IHocr H3rJrexAa orqe orHaqaJro e 6r,r.rra o6pa-3yBaHa H rrpo,4bJr)KaBa [a cbqecTByBa 3apaAH Herrlo noJre_gHo. Ta HaJrH ToBa rrMeHHo ce crpeMflT la cr6nrogaBar r,lSaKOHOAaTeJIlITe, u Ka3BaT, r{e cnpaBelJII,tBo e TOBa, KOSTOe or rroJr3a e a rcuvxu(37)- 5. CretrosareJrHo Apyrr,rre o6rq-Hocrr{, BcqKa za ce6e cu, ce crpeMt{T KbM noJlegHoTorKaKTO HaIIpI,IMep MOptrqlrTe qpe3 IIJIaBaHeTO KT,M CIIeqeJI-BaHe Ha napv vrlrvt [pyrn TaKr{Ba Heula, a ApyrapnTe rloopT,)Kr,re ce cTpeMrT KbM HenIO, CBr,p3aHO C BOfiHaTa - nrr,IKbM rlapfi, ItJIlt KT,M rlo6ega, IiJrI,I KT,M gaBoloBaHe Ha tpaA,u n0 c1,rllHr Haqr4H r,r npHHa[re)Karlu're KbM eAHa r,r cbrua<puna(38) u eAr.rH u c:brqu aena(39). O6aqe HrKorr or o6rq-HOCTITTe lt3rJrexAa ce cb3AaBaT 3apa[u yAoBoJrcTBr1.s, HA.-npHMep Ha rroqr,rTaTeJruTe Ha eALrH t4 cT,n\s 6Or u nayqacTHnquTe B o6[IH yroqeHr,r.fl. TarHsa o6uluocru casapaAH )KepTBorrp[HorrreHr{.s r4 sa KoMrrar.l,u.fl,.6. Bcuvxu re,HSrJIe)KAa, Ce IIOlqnHqBaT Ha rpaxAaHcKara o6rquocr(politike) (rtfi xaro rpaxAaHcKara o6rqnocr ce crpeMr{ HeKbM HaCTOflIIIaTa fIOJr3a, a KbM Ta3U, KOTTO e 3a )KI,IBOTaKaTO rlr{ro), vt Tesvr, Kor,ITo [paBrT )KepTBOrrpHHorrreHprr ltrrpagHr,IrrHlrre ct6npanufl ga rflx, orAaBar noqecTr4 Ha 60-roBeTe r{ 3a caMHTe Ce6e CH C[eqeJrBaT noqHBKa, [pHApy-xeHa c y,qoBoJlcTgr,rq. noHexe e rcHo, qe ApeBHlrTe )Kep-TBorrpr,rHorrrer,vr.fl. u npa3HeHcrBa ca craBanv cnreq, c.n6upa-Hero Ha nJroAoBeTe, Karo rIT,pBHTe or r,ax (nro4, )KlIBor-Ho) ca 6ulu onpegeJrrHrr 3a )KeprBa Ha 6orosere - noHexeB TaKHBa nepuo4rn [xopara] ca 6unu Hafi-Hesaern- 7. Cne.AOBaTeJIITO J{CHO e, qe BcnqKr,t oGqxocru ca, qacTu Harpa)KAaHCKara. Taxnsa ca o6rrlHocTr{Te r4 Te C:bOTBeTCTBaTHa npHrTeJrcTBaTa.

IJIABA AECETA

,{rpxannoro ycrpoficrBo (rrol,rr€ic) 6una rpr suna(40),H panHr,r Ha rflx no 6pofi ca r{3orraqeHr,rre r4M Qopvrr,r, Ko}lToca. T flxr.ar3 noKB apa.,[npxanu nre ycrpo ft crB a ca qapcKa-ra nracr(4l), apucroKpa,rurrra rE ipeio - yfipaBJreHr,rero,rrpl,r KoeTo AJrI,)KHOCTHUTe JrHrIa Ce nS6Upar cnopeA cT,cTo-tHlrero r.tM, Koero e uogxogrrrlo ga 6tge Hapr4qaHo rr,tMo-

188 189

:i;i,l:::::i::::i:::i HI,IKOMAXOBA ETl,lKA - KHUfA Vlll

KpaTlrfl, Ho MHo3HHCTBOTO e CBI'KHaJTO Aa rO Hapr4qa ,rilO-It4TkrNr' (noltmic)(42).2. Or t.f,x rpure Hafi-Ao6po e qap-c'rBoTo, a naft-loura - Tr,rMoKpaTvrflTa. A nspa:xgaHeTo HarlapcKara BJracr e nrpanr,r.fl(43). I4 ABere ca eAr{HoHarra-Jlllfl' HO TBT,p,qe MHorO ce pa3JIHqaBaT; 3aIItrOTO TI,rpaHbTfJreAa caMo floJlesHoro 3a Hero, a uaptT - noJIg3HoTO 3alroAaHr,rqure cu. 3arqoro H.rrMa rlap, KofiTo,qa He e HarrbJrHocaMocTorTeJreH, uM.ar4Kvt Bcr,rqKo xeo6xognuo r,r Aa HrMa B

H3Jrr4rrrbK BcnqKlr 6rara. Tarrs qap HrMa HpKAa or HnrqoJlonr,JrHlrTerno. clegoBaTeJrHo Toft rqe ce cTpeMlr KbMHeruaTa, noJre3Hr,r He 3a Hero caMr.rfl., a 3L ynpaBJr.sBaHr{-t'e(44);3arrloro xofiro He e raKbB ,6u 6un HsKaKbB r.r36paHrro xpe6nft qap. A 'ttrpxr'ttflrr e npornBonoJro)KHa HaqapcrBoTo. flonexe TlrpaHbT npecJre[Ba 6.naro 3a ca,Mt s,

ce6e cu. IzI or: rosa e oqe no-flcHo, qe e Haft-Jrona. 3aqorouafi-loruo e uporuBonoJroxnoro na Hafi-xy6aBoro.3. B.rra-crra ce npoMeHfl or rlapcrBo B Tr,rpaHr,rr. 3aqoro rlrpaHrl-rITa e nopoKbT Ha MoHapxu.flTa; BcbrrlHocT ilopoqHLrflT rlapcraBa rr4pan- A or apncroKparr,rq craBa [poMrHa KbMoJrr,Irapxur(45) nopagu ropoqHocrra Ha yupaBJrrBarrIHTe,KOHTO pa3ilpeAeJrflT AlbpXaBHr.{Te HelIIa He IIO 3aCJryrU, aBcrrrlKl,rre, I{Jra no-roJrtMa qacr or 6narara onpeAeJrflT 3ace6e cu, r,r BJracrra - BuHarr,r [nrsnarar] Ha eAHr,r u c'bu\u,nocrasRftxr{ Ha nbpBo Mrcro 6orarcrsara. Cre,4onarer-Ho, ylpaBJrrBarrll{Te [n rosu cnyvafi] ca MaJrrIuHa, r.r rolroKBapeHr,rre, BMecro Hafi-nopxgbqHr,rre- A or rnuorpa-tnflTa npoM.flHara e KbM AeMoKparlr{aQ. Te nr"rar o6qa/Io[lrpHa qepra, r:rfi rato ce cMrra, qe rnMoKpaT vrflTa e HaMHO3I,IHCTBOTO r,r qe Ca paBHI,I BCnqKU, KOUTO I,IMAT eAHaK-Bo cbcrorHue. Hafi-uaJrKo rropoqHa e AeMoKparnrra - BHefl cbBceM MaJrKo e r{3pogeHa Qoprvrara Ha Abp)KaBr{oroycrpoficrno. M rlit, no resn HaquHrr Hafi-ne.re ce npoMe-unt Qopr'rure Ha ynpaBJreHne. flone:re raxa naft-uaJrKo Lr

uafi-necxo npeMuHaBar [or egHn n gpyrn]. 4. Bceru Mo)Ke

't1a cxBaHe rexHnre nogo6na r,r Herqo Karo rrpr,rMeprd B

orAeJrHr{Te [oMaKr{Hcrna. O6qnocrra Ha 6arqara cr>c cv-HoBere HMa o6Jrr4Ka Ha rlapcrso. Ttft xaro [rau] 6aularaHMa rp[xara 3a Aerlara. Orxtgero n Olvrup napuva 3enc6arqa. .{eficrnureJrHo ce cMrra, ue 6arqnHcKara BJracr ellapcKa. Ho n flepcnr BJracrra sa 6aulara e rHpaHHqHa,rroHexe r{3noJrsBar cnHorere cr,r Karo po6n. Tupauuuna e

APUCTOTEA F':.r.- m

r,r BJracTTa Ha FocnoAapr Hatr po6HTe, Tbfi KaTO npr.{ Her cenpaBr,r roBa, KoeTo e noJre3Ho(47) 3a rocrroAapn- Itr TaKa,Tr r,r3rJre)Kla [paBr,rJtHa, a IIepcHficKaTa - flOrperuHa. 3aqo,To BJracTTa HaA pa3ruqHr,rTe e pasJrr4qHa(48). 5. A o6u1no,cTTa Ha Mtlxa r4 )KeHaTa ?ISrJIe)KAa KATO apUCTOKpOT14tIHil:Ta - rIOHeXe MT,)KbT ynpaBJlqBa IIOpaAI4 TOBa, qe e AOCTO€H,r{ B Te3H Herrla, B KOr,rTO Mb)KbT Tpfl6Ba,4a yilpaBJrqBa. A BHerrIaTa, Kor,rTo noAxo)KAaT Ha xeHaTa, oTcTbrrBa Ha He.fl. AKOTaTO Mb)KbT e rocflo[ap BbB BcHqKIl Herrla, Ta3I,I 06[l-HOCT ce upoMeHfl KbM oJlHrapxvn; Tofi npaBr,l ToBa Hecbo6pa3Ho [ocroftHcrF,ara cu, r,r He nopaA[ ToBa, qe Mb-)KbT e rro-[o6'bp. flonqxora y[paBrqBaT )KeHHTe, KoraToca elr,rHcrBeHr,r [brrlep]r-HacJreAHr,rqq(49). B raxuna cly-qar,r Te cTaBaT ynpaBJrf Baqr,r He no Ao6poAeTeJr, a 6laroga-peHue Ha 6oraTcTBo r,r MorbIrIecTBo, KaKTO e npr4 oJIHIOp:xrII,rTe. 6. Ha TrdMoKpaTr,rfl rrbK flpr,trfiqa o6rqHocrra na6pau:ra. Te ca paBHu, c r,t3KJrloqeHr,re Ha pasJrr,rKara noBbSpacT. 3arosa r4MeHHo, aKo ca.MHoro oTAaIeqeHH IIOBb3pacT, Beqe He Mo)Ke [a llMa MerK[y rax 6parcxo npn.fl-TeJICTBO. A geUOrpaTvfrT'/' e Hafi-Ber{e B AoMaK}IHCTBaTa,KbAeTO HrMa rOCnOAap (TaM BcHrrKr,r ca paBHr,r) r.r KbAeToyrrpaBJrrBaurdflT e 6egcules r,r BceK[ eAr,rH [TaMl r,rM& Bb3:MOXHOCTTa [a [efiCTBa rro cBor BoJtt.

TJIABA EA'IHAAECETA

Brn scqxo AbpxaBHO ycrpoficrBo rrpnrreJrcrBoro cenpofl BrBa AoToJr KoBa, AOKOJTKOTO H CrrpaBeAJr nBOCTTa(50).V qapx Kr,M ynpaBJrflBaHr{Te or Hero roBa ce nspa3.flBa BH.flKaKbB lr3JrlrrrrbK or 6larogeffHue - Toft nocTbrlBa Ao6pec ynpaBJrflBaHnTe oT Hero, aKO KaTO AO6pOleTeJreH rlap cerpr4)Kr,r 3a Tflx, 3a Aa 6bAaT Ao6pe, KaKTO Ha[prdMep [acTr4-pflT ga oBrlere; oTKbAero u Orvrrap e HapeKT,Jr ArauerranonnacrHp Ha HapoAr.rre(s1). 2.Tarasa e u 6alluncxara Qop-Ma Ha yrrpaBJreHl,re, Ho no roJreM[Ha ce pa3Jrr,IqaBa oT6larogeanvfl'rl.Ta Haau rofi e rrpnquHa 3a c!,uecrByBa-HeTO, KOeTO Ce CMrTa 3a Hafi-Br,rcrue lr octrrypflBa r{ Bb3rIH-TaHnero, r,r o6pa:onaHnero(52); a TaKaBa rroqr4T u Ha rro-BbspacrHnre ce gana. Tnit Karo no npripoAa 6arqara eonpe[eJreH [a ynpaBJrsBa cHHoBeTe, npeAqnTe - rroToMrln-Te, r{ qapffT - rrolaHr{qure(53). 3. TesH ilpr,rffTeJrcrBa ca

190 191

HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHUTA V|II

ocHoBaHr,r Ha npeBbsxo[crBoro(54), sarona u poA]ITeJI]ITecfl rroqr{TaHv.vIefipaB,eAJlLIBOTO, BnpoqeM, B Ttx He e eAHol{ cr,l.rlo, a e IIo [ocTofiHcr'Bo; TaKa e H B rrp[treJIcTBOTO. 4.Mcxgy Mr')Ka I,t xeHara npntreJrcrBoro e cbllloro' KaKTon apnctoKparraara(55). flone:re cto6pasHo,4o6poAereJl-'r'a r{ Ha no-Ao6pufi ce AaBa no-roJlflMo 6.naro, I{ Ha BceKuronoAo6aBarqoro; cr,rqo TaKa e I{ 3a clpaBeLJII'IBoTo. 5- Ailpr{.flTeJrcrBoTo Ha 6parnra }I3rJIex[a Karo ToBa Ha Apyra-pr,rre. Tbfi KaTO re ca paBHI4 I,I Ha eAHaKBa BbspacT' ai'aruna xopa o6l,tKHoBeHo I,I3nI,ITBar e,q,HaKB[r rIyBcrBa. Bcb-illHocT Ha ToBa np[fTeJIcTBo npHJIHqa I4 npI{flTeJIcTBOTOilpr,r rr,rMoKparl{flTa. flonexe lpa)KAaHI'ITe Ce crpeM.ffT Aa(lt,qat paBHIr n go6pn, u ynpaBJltBar eAIIH cJIeA Apyr'_ u.HapaBHI,I OcHOBaHI,tt, l,I TaKOBa e 14 npI'I'TeJICTBOTO nrvr. 6- A nu3paxAaHnrra KaKTo cnpaBeAJrlrBoTo' TaKa n nplIflTeJIcT-rroro e B MaJIKa cTerIeH, I{ B Hafi-MaJIKa creneH rI'I }IMa B

Hafi-ro[roro nspaxAane. Tara rrpu rl4panl{ffTa Hltqo He erro-MaJrKo or npl,tffTeJlcrBoro. Tapr Hgua HuIrIo o6rqo Mex-/ty y[paBJlflBaulllfl Id ynpaBJrtBaHvIfl - HHTO npUtreJIcTBO'Hr{TO CrrpaBeAJIrIBocT, a e KaKTo ce oTHactT eALrH KbM Apyrrraaficroprr KbM lIHcTpyMeHTa, I,I AyIIraTa KbM TqroTo' I'I

rociloAapqr Kr,M po6a(56). flonexe H BcITtIKI'l re3I'I noJly-qaBaT HrKaKBa rpfixa oT ToSI,t, xoftto rH I'13[oJr3yBa' HO

Hff Ma nputreJr cTBo, HacotIeHo KbM HeoAylrreBeHI'ITe HeIrIa'HHTO nbK CTTpaBeAJIHBOCT; CbIIIO HflMa lI KbM'KOH' HJI]IBoJra, Hr,rro KbM po6a xato po6. 3aIIIoro HtMa HnIrIo o6qo- po6br e oAyrrreBeHo opbAlle, a opbAHero e HeoAy[reBeHpo6. 7. Cre4onareJlHo, Karo po6 KbM Hero He Moxe [acbrrlecrByBa npr{flTeJlctnci, a caMo Karo qoBeK. Ttft xaron3rJrexIa, qe I{Ma Herqo cnpaBeAJII{Bo y BceKH qoBeK rroorHoilreHr,re Ha BceKlI, c Kororo Mo)Ke Aa ce IIocTHrHecbrJracue Ha ocHoBaTa Ha 3aKoH IIJIII AoroBop. creAoBa-'reJruo, Moxe u npl{flTeJlcrBo, ,qoKoJlKoro e qoner. 8. Xrrft, B MaJIKa crenen ce HaMI,Ipar rlpt{ffTeJlcrBara I,I c[pa-ReIJII{BOTO B Tr{paHl,Illre, a B AeMoKpaI{}ITe - B no-roJrgMat[oHe)Ke MHOrO Ca O6rqUte HeIrIa Me)KAy paBHHTe.

TJIABA ABAHAAECETA

CrelosaterHo, BcqKo npu.sreJlcrBo, KaKTo ce Ka3a'cbrrlecrByBa B o6u{Hocrra. HflKofi 6u uortl Aa pa3rpaHI,I-

ffiEsr APHCTOTEA FEi-flilin

Ay ApyrapH. Ho rpax4aHcKlrre [orHoruenuflf v resv Mer(Aynpr4HaAJre)KarrIHTe KbM eAHa QUna, V Tesu Ha IIJraBaqrdTeSaeAHO rro Mope, r{ BcnqKn noAo6Hu, nsrJre)KIaT noBeqeMe)KIIy XOpa B Cr,O6rqnOCr. 3arqoro r{3rJre)KAa, rre cbulecT-ByBar ct,o6pasuo HrKaKBo cnopa3yMeHr{e. Kl'M Tqx Hxxoil6ra uoru [a npnqncru n rocronprreMcrBoTo. 2. PognuH-cKoTo rrpr,rflTeJrcTBo nbK r{3rJrexAa, qe r{Ma MHofo pa3Ho.BHIHocrH, Ho BcrKa or rrx [por,rgJru3a or 6aquHcKoro.floHexe poAr{TeJrr,rre o6uqar lerlara Karo qacr or ce6ecn, a Aerlara o6uqar poAr,rTeJrr{Te KaTo Herrlo, oT KoeTo canpon3Jre3Jrn. Ho poIHTeJrlrre rro-[o6pe sr'aflT, qe re [[eqa-Tal ca npou3Jre3Jrr,r or r.flx, orKoJrKoro re3n, KoHTo ca cepo[]rJrr,r, qe ca oT poAr,rTeJrr.{Te, r, To3r,r, oT KoroTo Herrlo eilpor43Jrt3Jro, e Eo-cLrJrHo IIpuBT,p3aH KbM poAeHoTo, oT-KOJTKOTO pOAeHOTO KbM TOsH, KOftTO rO e CT,3Aan. TtftKaTO TOBa, KOeTO e npord3Jrs3Jro OT HerIIO, e pOACTBeHO HaTOBA, OT KOeTO e rIpOH3JIfl3JIO, KaKTO HanpnMep 3T16, KO-cbM, r,r Ko.ero r{ Aa e Apyro ga ro3l,r, KofiTo ro e HacJreAHJr.Ho rona, or Koero Herrlo e npor43rqgJro, He My e poAcrBeHo,r,rnra [vry e pogcrBeHo] n no-*raJrKa crenex. I4 ctu1o, noBpeMerpaeHe - poAnreJrr.rre o6ta.rar gerlara BeAHara, qoM6rgar poAeun, a [ocJreAHr,rre o6uqar poAHTeJrr,rre c r{anpe-ABar{ero Ha rognHr,rre, cJreg Karo npxgodunr paz6upaHe r,r

IIYBCTBO. OT TCSI,I HEIUA E flCHO H NOPAAI4 KAKBI,I UPIdqHHI,IMafi Knre o6nq ar: noneve (57). 3. Cne goB areJrHo poAr,rreJrr{-re o6nqar Aeqara, KaKTo caMHTe ce6e cu ( :arqoro resn[ueuara], Kolrro ca-npon3Jre3Jru or rflx, cJreA ra:ro ca 6unrorAeJreH14, ca rexHH BbrrJrbrrleHv,n), a,{erlara o6nqar porra-TeJrxre Karo xopa, or Korrro ca 6ut*t po[eHr,t; 6parxr:a ntxce o6uqar noMe)KAy cH, rroHexe ca [por,r3JregJrn or eAHH Lt

cblrlu xopa, :rt,fi Karo eAHaKBocrra I{M rro orHorueHl,re HaTrx rn npaBH eAHaKBlt noMexAy ulvl. orryx ce Ka3Ba:,,eAHa rprntt(58), n ,,eilvrH KopeHtt, r,r Apyrure no4o6HnHelqa. Cne,qonareJlHo ca rro H.flKaKbB HaqI{H eAHo, MaKap r,t

orAeJrHr4. 4. forqlro gHaqeHne 3a rrplrflTeJrcrBoro HMa ltorrJre)K[aHero 3aerHo H eAHaKBara nrspacr(59); sarqoroBpbcTHI,IKbT C BpT,CTHUIKA, V Te3U, KOHTO Ca npI4BLrKHaJII4eAnH KbM Apyr, ca Apyrapu. 3aroea n onpr.rJrlrqaBar [prnl{-TeJrcrBoro MexAy 6parn Ha npurreJrcrBoro Me)KAy Apyra-pN. Ho 6paronvegvre v Apyrr.rre po,qHuHlr cu npr4rr,rqar

HUKOMAXOBA ETl,lKA - KHl,lfA

ilopaAn ToBa, qe ca npoH3JIe3JII,l or eAHI,I lI ct tqu [npe4qr'r],HO H'KOH OT TtX Ca [O:6IU3KH, Apyru - no-qyxll,I' IIopa[]I'roBa, qe ca 6.nugo IrJIlr AaJIeq or rJlaBara na po4a. 5. AuprrrTeJrcTBoTo Ha ,{eIIaTa K'r,M po,uItTeJIuTe I4 Ha XopaTaKrNa 6orosere, e Karo xrru 6laroro lI ToBa, Koero npeBb3-xoxAa; rroHexe nafi-trxoro [onpl,IHacflT 3a roBa Aa ceqyBcrBaMe go6pe. Ttfi raro re ca npnqnHara 3a cb[recr-ByBaHeTo I,r oTrre)KlaHeTo, u 3a BT,3rIHTaHUe-To I',I O6yUenra-cro Ha re3n, KoI,ITo ca Betle cb3[a,qeHu" 6. Ho cbtqo B

TaKr4Ba rIpHtTeJIcrBa uMa I'l noBeqe y.tloBoJIcrBHe, u floBe-qe rIoJI3a, OTKOJIKOTO B [pI,IfTeJrcTBaTa c qyxAl',rTe, floHe-xe 3a rrx )KI4BorbT UMa rloBeqe o6qn Herqa. 7I c'r,qureHerrla, KoHTo ca o 6parcroro rIpHrIreJIcrBo, ca v B [pyrap-cKoro, r4 noBeqe upll go6pfiTe, 14 H3o6lqo npu no4o6nllre,[oHe)Ke ca no-6rttsK]I I,I OT pa)K[aHeTo cll )KnBetT, o6u'qaiaKu ce rroMetKAy cvt, t4 noHexe uuar o6ulu qeprl4 Te3I4'KOI,ITO Ca pOAeHI't OT e[HI4 I'I CT,tIIu pOII4TeJIU' H CA UISpACIIL-

JII{ 3aeAHo c eAHaKBo B1,SIII,ITaHI,Ie U o6yrreHlde; a H3IrHTa-Hr4ero Ha BpeMero e Hafi-cuJlHo H xaff-curypno. 7. Ho unpuflTeJrcKure orHoIrIeHlt.fl npl4 ocraHaJltlre poAHlIHn ca Bc6orBercTBue c poIHHHCTBOTO. Iz[erlexga, qe npI',IflTeJIc-TBOTO Mex,qy Mb)Ka r )KeHaTa CT,II{,9CTByBa IIO ilp}IpOAa -mfi xaro qoBeKbr rlo trpnpoAa e noBeqe cKJIoHeH KbMcBbp3BaHe a gnofixlr, oTKoJIKoro KbM rpaxAaucxa o6u1-xocr(60), AoroJIKoBa, ,{oKoJIKoro ceMeficrBoro e no-paH-HO rlr [o-Heo6xoguuo oT [bp)KaBaTa, noHexe cb3[aBaHeToHa ,4erla e [o-o6qoro 3a )KLIBI4Te Cblrlecrsa. creAonareJl-Ho, aKo sa Apytlrre [c:r,nlecrna] cauo AoroJIKoBa e [:naun-rua] o6qnocrra, To xopara xI{BeflT 3ae4Ho n o6rq AoM HecaMo 3a [a cb3[aBaT A9qa, HO I,I 3apa,q,I'I BcutIKI'I ApyfI'I;rnreficrn o6cro.flTercrBa; 3auloro rrpeABap]rreJlHo ca ou-peAeJIeHI,r Sa,4bJrxeHuflTa v Te ca pa3JIHtrHI4 3a MbtKa LI

)KeHaTa,. TaKa qe Te ce rIoArIoMaraT noMexly cn, KaToBceKr4 AaBa cBot{ npuHoc ga o6nroro. flopaqn roBa IT 3FJIe-xAa, qe B TaKoBa [pnqTercTBo ro vII[|{a vI IroJre3HoTo' H

ygoBoJrcrBl,Iero. To 6u MorJIo Ea cbrllecrByBa 3apaAI'Igo6pogereJrra, aKo te ca go6pu. 3arqoro roraBa BceKH orIBaMaTa LrMa cBot go6po4ereJl, It BceKLr ce palBa Ha

npyruq. A Hsrre)KIa, qe Aeqara ca cpelcrBo 3a cBr,psBaHe.3arosa r,r re3l4, Koltro HsMar [eIIa, ce paS,qeJlflT [o-6bp3o.flonexe Aeqara ca o6qo 6aaro 3a ABaMara, a o6nloro

l3t92 193

o6egnunra. 8. A no KaKbB HaquH rpa6na Aa xr,rBerr 3aeAHoMlbxl,T H XeHATA,U USO6nlo npnxTeJl C [pHrrTeJrrr, r,r3Hrex,qa, Hee Helrlo paSlr4qHo oT Bbfipoca 3a ToBa, KaK e C[paBeIJr]rBO Aa)KLrBetr. 3auqoro H3rJre)KAa, qe c[paBeAr]rBoro orHorrreHueMe)K,ry npr{ffTeJrnTe He e cbrrloTo, KaKTO KbM qyx.qH A, Wytaps,,I,UII,I CtyqeHHKa.

ruIABA TPI{IIA.qECETA

Tr,fi rar:o npnrlreJrcrBara ca rpr,r BH,qa, KaKTo xasaxrrae(61)B HAqaJroTo, H BbB BC'KO OT TflX OT e[Ha cTpaHa npnnre.rrure caplBHrr, a orApyra uMa upeBb3xo:r4aHe (u egnarno go6po,qereJr-Hr,rre craBaT npr,rrreJrr,r noMexAy cr,r, l,r no-.qo6puri Ha no-JIOIIIT'', }I IIO CbIIIU' HAqIIH I,I AOCTABffIIII,ITE YIOBOJI CTB:fiE] 14Te3U, KOUTO 3apalr4 noJr3aTa, MOraT u aL ca paBHH rro OTHOrle_Hue Ha oKa3BaHero Ha noMorrl fi ra ce paerfvaaar), ro rpa6napaBHr,rre [npr,rxrenr,r] Ha ocnoBara Ha uapanHeHocrra uo o6nqa_He tr no ocraHiurnTe Herqa,qa 6tga:r u3paBHeHv, a HepaBHHTerpr6na Aa orAaBar

- Ha rrpeBbsxo)KAarrlnre [poropquoHitJrHo

cboTBercrBarrroro. 2.pas6upaeMo e, qe npnuuHnre sa )mperlur,rJrn HeAoBoJrcrBo ce cb3AaBaT B npr4rreJrcTBoTo, xoero e iapa_Alr noJrsara - uJu{ caMo B Hero, r,rJru rrpeAuMHo B Hero. 3all6ToTesr,t, Koltro ca nprarrren u sapl1rl 4o6po4erel npeAnoqr.rrar AanpaBJ{T go6po eAHu Ha Apyrn; a roBa 6 npHctrqo u ua go6po4e_TeJrra, r.r Ha npr4flTeJrcrBoTo. B raxona, naAnpeBapBase nsuay[pequ' Hr'rro KaBrr.r, froHexe nnxofi He e He,qoBoJreH OT TO3[r,roriro ro o6uqa n rrocrbnBa 4o6pe c Hero, a HanpoTr{o, aKo ey::l r.r3rbHqeH, My orBpbrrra, Karo Ha csofi p6g nocmunaAoope. lO3n trbK, rofiro HaABr.r[raBa n 6larogea4v$tra,KoraronocTr,rrfie ToBa, KbM KOeTO Ce e cTpeMr{Jr, He yilpeKBa npHrTeJrr.IIoHexe BceKlr or rrx ce crperrai,r xru 6laroro. 3. A raK[BayKopr{ I,r HeA.BOJTCTBa CbBCeM HrMa B Irpr'flTeJICTBaTa, KOr,tTO ca3apaAll yAOBOJICTBI,I.TO; garrloTo u:a gaar"rara cTaBa TOBa, KbMKOeTO Ce ClpeMrIT, IIIOM C€ HacaDKIaBaT Ha )KI,IBeeHeTO 3aeAHO.Ta cuerues 6n nslrexA:ur ro3lr, xofiro HeAoBoJrcrBa cpeuyoH3u, rofiro He ce HacJroK,qaBa, rtfi raro e Bb3MoxHo Aa HenpeKapBaT AHr.rre 3aeAHo. 4. A npnarelcrBoTo 3apa4.r [oJr3a erIlJIHo c otIJIaKBaHrn'' lo'exe re3I'I' Korro ce Lr3IroJIgyBaT

'AHI{lpyru c rleJr ycJryra, Br.rHart,t ce Hr)KAarrr or [oBer{e , "i*rur,'u"IIO-M:IJrKO OT no&(ox{aqoTo nMaT, I.r nonyrraBaT He KOJtKoTo

r{Mar Hy)KAa, r{ sa KoJrKoro ca 4ocrofiHu. A ouee H, KoHTo rrpaBflT

194 195

I. TFI HI,{KOMAXOBA KHUTA VIII

4o6po, He Morar Aa Aalar no,qKpena 3a roJrKoBa Heua, orKoJrKoro ce Hy)Kgiurr oHe3H, Kot4To r [oryqaBar. 5. I4srle:xga,qe KaKTo cnpaBe[Jrr,rBoTo e pa3[eJreHo Ha,qBe - eAHoTO HerrHCa-Ho, a Apyroro - cto6pa3Ho 3aKoHa, TaKa r,r np[rrreJrcrBoro3apaln noJre3HoTo r,rMa ABe cTpaHH - e[HaTa e HpaBCTBeHa, aApyraTa - cBl,p3aHa c [paBoTo. wrtfi,, orrJraKBaHl,lflTa ce rroJry-qaBar uaii-neve, Koraro He cbruracHo eAuH u cbrrln BHA cb3ga-Bar Bpb3Ka n ff fipeKparnsar. 6. CntpsaHoro c ilpaBoro e HaocHoBaTa Ha yroBopeHlr ycJIoBHq, u To HIru e n3rlflro na3apHo -,,or pbKa B pl,Ka*, HJIu [o-cBo6oguo no orHolrleHue Ha BpeMe-To, Ho cro6pasHo clopa3yMeHuero Aa ce iloryqu Heuo cpeuyHerqo. B rosa [npurrencrno] sagrn>reHuero e rcHo H He ceocnopBa, t vtlMa oTJraraHe, KoeTo ce npaBrn no ilpI4rITeJrcKH.3arona HflKor{ He flpe4ocraBflT TaKHBa Heula Ha npaBoc]Inero,a ce cMffTa, ue rpa6na,qa rr,pn.sr re3u, c Kor,tro o6nqmar, rtftKaro orHorrreHnflTa uM ca na 6asara Ha AoBepnero. 7. Hparcr-BeHOTO npnrTeJrcTBO rrbK He noqltBa Ha yroBopKa, a uxxoftrrpaBr,r noAapbK uJru KaKBoro n Aa e Apyro nogo6Ho, Karo Ha[purITeJI. Wcunra, ve rpa6ra Aa noryrrn B orroBop paBHo, rlJrvAopr,t rroBeqe, Karo qe Jrlr He e 4aplrJr, a e AaJr Ha3aeM. 8. I4 axoHe e raKa, o6snntna ro3n, c Kororo e o6uqyral, npn [peKparr-BaHero Ha orHorrreHvnrra. Tara ce cryqBa nopaAr,r roBa, qeBctrqKr4 HJrr4 [oBelrero [xopa] xeJr:urr rrpeKpacHr4 Herrla, aus6u-par noJresHnre. Ho npeKpacHo e Aa ce [paBrr 6.uaro4e.aHua uec IIeJI Aa ce [oJryrIH B 3aMffHa, a rIoJIyqaBaHeTo Ha 6larogexnuee noJre3Ho. 9. Tpr6na roBa, Koero e noJryqeuo, ga6rge paBHo-crofiso Br,pHaro, aKo noJlyquJrrlrr ro I4Ma BbgMoxHocr, r.I HaTo3r,r, Ha Kororo xeJrae. 3auloro He rpa6na 4a 6tge rrpaBen[pr,rrreJr qoBeK, rofiro He xeJrae; rroHexe rperrrKara e orqe BHaqaroTo, Karo e [priero 6narogexnue or qoBeK, or Koforo Hee rpx6nano; rtfi xaro He e 6ulo or rrplrrreJr, Hltro or u.arofi,xoftro ro [paBH 3apa[n caMoro go6po; ToraBa rosu, rofiro enoryqr,ur 6narogeauue, r'pR6na ga ce ocno6ogu raKa, Karo qe Jrue r,rMaJro cnopa3yMeHl{e: aKo e B c.LcTorHVe - Ea BbpHe, a aKo HeMoxe, To ro3l,t, xofiro e gaa, qe ilperleHr EaJrLr Aa npoIbJDKn Aaucxa. Tara qe aKo r,rMa BT,gMo)KHocr, rpx6na ,qa ce Bpbrrra.Tpr6na Aa ce pagnrex,qa BHr,rMareJrHo B HaqaJroro or Koro cerroJD raBa 6naroleaxu e v saparyrz, KaKBo, sa Aa ce [pr{eMar r,rJrr,r

He ycJroBr{rra. 10. Ho Mo)Ke Ea ce c[optt ganra rpn6na 3aAbJrxe-Hr.reTo [a ce MepH c noJrSaTa 3a To3n, xoftro e npneJr [6narole-anr.le] r.r cro6paanocHerlaceAaBa B ornJraralr,r,v Aa ce Mepr,r

caMoro 6.uarogenrue or ro3l,r, rofito ro e l,r3Bbplrul. .{eficrnu-TeJIHo, Te3rI, Kor,tro cafrpuelr*l, Ka3Bar, qe ca noJD/qunrE 6naro_Aefrlavtfl2 Koltro ga u3Bl,ptttuJrure rr{ ca 6ur'u MaJrKH, }I qe eMo)KeJro u or gpyrr,r [a ru rroJryqar, KaTo rro To3r,r naurax [rra]oM:uroBuKanar. A oHe3H - o6parno - Ka3Bar, qe Hafi-gHaqr.nvro-TO, KOeTO HMaT Te CaMr,ITe 14 KOeTO He MOXe OT Apyrn [a cenoJrrru IIpn o[acHocT r,r B TpyAHO CTu, yutv KoraTo u Ma Hy>KAa OTHero. 11. W rl,fr, AaJrr4 ga nplurreJrcrBoTo, cr,uecrByBarqo3apallr noJrgara, MflpKara e rroJr3ara 3a ro3r,r, rofiro .r e rroJly-qn.n? Ta roft ce HyxAae or Her ra [6naro4erenlr] rrry oxasBarroMorrl, 3a,qa ce [oryrrrl o6parno paBHa [na xer]. Clegonaren-Ho, rroMorqra e 6una roJrKoBa roJrffMa, xolxorb [oJr3a roft erroJryqr,rJr u rofi rpn6na Aa BbpHe roJrKoBa, KoJrKoro e 4o6ul, r,r

Aopr,r [oBeqe; iloHexe e no-[peKpacuo. A B rrptrrreJrcrBara,KoHTo ca B cl,orBercrBne c go6po4ereJrra, HrrMa HeAoBoJrcrBau ueGoptr Ha ro3u, xoftro e I,r3BT,p[rHr 6laro4exnue, ce cquraKaro MrpKa; rtri xaro cbrrlecrBeHoTo He[Io or rJreAHa ToqKa Hago 6pogere.rr ra H HpaBure e B crr Ha re r:avtfl. r,r:6op.

TJIABA TTETI{PI4HAAECETA

I4ua pasnomacvs,u B npr{flTeJrcrBara, KoHTo ca ocHoBaHHHa npeBb3xoAcrBo; rrft xaro BceKH oT [BaMara vcKa. AavwafioBeqe. Koraro craHe TaKa, tpwlTeJrcrBoro ce npeKbcBa.floHexe u rosn, xoftto e no-go6tp, cMflTa, .re na gero nogo6araAa vMa rroBeqe, rrfi raro Ha 4o6pogereJrHrdfl ce [oJrara Aa ceorAaBa rroBeqe; t,r rro cbuln r HaquH e I,r ga roen, rofito oKagBarroBeqe noMoul; 3arqoro KiNtBar, se ro3r,t, xofiro e 6e:nonesen,Herpl6na Aa nMa paBHa uacr, rnft Karo roraBa cTaBa cJryxe-ue(62), a He rrpr{rreJrcrBo, aKo Herrlara, [oryqaBaHu or npna-TeJrcrBara He cboTBercrBar na croftnocrra Ha Herrlara. Ilone_xe cMrraT, tre KaKTo r o6uqHocrra, ocHoBaHa Ha rrapu, Te3I,I,KoI,ITo ca BHecJIr,r rroBeqe, noJryrlaBar floBeqe, raxa tpn6na ga6r'Ae n B [pfi.flTercrsoro. A rosu, rofiro ce Hyxgae u crol{ no-HLrcKo, cM.flTa o6parnoro. 3arqoro na qo6pogereJrnlrr np[flTeJre npHct tqo Aa IIOMara Ha Tegl,t, KOITTO ca B Hy)KAa; TA HAilyrKa3Bar: KaKBa e rroJr3ara ga 6t4eur \pvfrTeil xa go6pogerereHIIJIII BJtVmTeJIeH qOBeK, aKO HI{KaKBa ll3rola HrIMa [a [oJIy.I]rUor Hero? Z.Wzrtexga, qe BceKr.t or [BaMara npaBr4Jrrro vgl4cKilarr qe Ha BceKr,t or ABaMara rpx6ra ga ce orlenr lo-roJrflMa qacToT npHtTeJrcTBOTO, HO He OT eAHO H C6rqO HeIIIO, a rroBeqe

t96 t97

rrorrHT Ha npeBb3xoxAalrllrr{ H noBeqe neqar6a Ha Hy)KAae4r{"trce. 3arqoro HarpaAa:a go6pogererra n 6narogenHuero e no-qlrrra, a [oMorrlTa ga Hyxgara u 6e,quocrra e neqan6ara. 3.I4srle:r4a, qe roBa e rro cbrrlr,r.s Haqr,rn I,r npla Ar,p)KaBHoroycrpoficmo. floHexe He ce or,qaBa [otl]rr Ha rosl,I, xoftroHHKaKBO 6narO He AOCTaBq na O6uleCrAOrO - O6UIOTO C9 AaBa HaTo3!r, KoiaTo [paBn 6naroAeqHue ga o6uloro, a rIoqI,ITTa e o6rqo[6naro]. Trfi raro He e Bb3rvroxHo qoBeK eAHoBpeMeHHo tra ceo6orarssa c rrapn or o6uecrseHuTe AeJIa I{ Aa 6rle [oqI,ITaH.flonexe snxofi He rbprru BT,B BcHqKH HeIrIa Aa HMa rIo-MuuIKo-ro.I/Lm,itt, Ha ro3n, xofiro u3ocraBa no orHollrexue Ha napure[xenae ru no-MaJrKo], ganar rroqnr, a Ha ro3n, xofiro ce nogKy-rrBa - napu(63). 3aqoro cr'oTBercrBuero c ,qocroftncrBoroH3paBHflBa KaKTO nO,{O6asa H 3a[a3Ba [pr,HTeJrcrBoro, KaKToKa3axMe. flo csql,ta Haqr,rH:rpx6ra ga o6urynat noMexAy cu uTe3u, Korrro ca HepaBHI,r, n r:pn6na 4a ce orrrJlarqa c noql{T To3I,I,xoftro e rroJryqrrJr noMorq B napu vtJtt4 B go6pogeren, KaroorBpr,qa c roBa, c Koero My e Bb3MorKxo. Ttft Karo B ilpl4treJl-CTBOTO Ce TbpCH Bb3MO)KHOTO, a He TOTTHOCT B TOBa, C KOeTOHflKofi e AocroeH. 4. He B1)B BcHrrKr{ Helqa [oJIo)KeHI,IeTo ecbBceM KaKTo npfi noqnrra KbM 6orosere r,r KT,M po[vreJII,ITe.3auloro Hurofi He 614 MorbJr Aa orAaAe qocrofinara qecr, a cecMrrra, qe e [o6rp rosu, xoff:ro uv orAaBa AoKoJrKoro r{Ma crrJrH.Moxe 6u garosa H3Hre)K,qa, rre He e Bb3Mo)KHo cr.rHbr [a ceorxaxe or 6arrlara, a 6arqara - orcr{Ha [ruro;xe]. flose:re rpff6BaAa BpbIrIa To3r,r, KOfiTO nMa [bJrr,. HO KaKBOTO r4 Aa Ha[paBI.{cr,rHbr, HHrqo HrMa [a e gocroftuo 3a npeABapHTeJrHo noryqe-Horo or 6arqara, TaKa qe BuHarn rr1e [bJDKr,r. A r:esu, r{a Kor{Toce AbJDKli, I,IMaT BT,3MO)KHOCTTa ga OCTO6OgXT OT AbJIra, CJIeAO-

BaTeJTHO TaKaBa BT,3MOXHOCT r4Ma u 6arqara. HO cr'rqenpeMeH-HO r,r3rJrexAa, qe Moxe 6u Hnrofi He xeJrae Aa ce orKDKe, ocBeHTaKbB, KOftTO e r,r3BT,HpeAHO [OpOqeH. lIOneXe B TaKOBA nplr-flTeJIcTBo' IIopoAeHo nO rlpllpola y qOBeKa, e npHCt,lqO 3aJIO)Ke-Ho ,[a ne or6mcrBa noMorrlTa. A ,ua n36rrBa, viln Aa He cec'rpeMl,r'[a rroMara e npncbulo Ha rropoqHr4rl. 3arqoro MHo3nHa)KeJI:rflT Aa noryqaBar 6rarogeanur, a Hs6srBar u3BT,prrrBaHeroHa 6aarogeaHr,rs, Karo Herrlo HeHoceilIo r,rgrola. Ho nexa ronxo-na 6n[e Ka3aHo sa re3x Heqa.

KHI{IA IX

TJIABA TIbPBA

O6aqe BbB Bcr.trrKr,I pa3Jrr.{qHr4 rlo Br{A [pnsreJrcrBa,cboTBeTCTBaIIOTO rr,r trSpaBHrBa }l 3ana3Ba, KaKTO Ka3a_y"!J). Taxa nanplrMep B_ilpr{rrerrcrBoro B AbpxaBara,Ha obylllapq ce AaBa 3a o6yBKHTe BbsHarpaxgenne cno_pe4 croftHocTTa r.rM, r4 Ha rbKaq a,, vt Ha ociauarur e. 2. WoTTyK e r{3Mr{cJrena Monerata(2), raro o6rqa M-spKa, rrKIM He.fl Ce CaOTITaCTT BCr.rqK[ HeUIa n qpe3 Hefl. ce MepflT.A n Heqara, cBbp3aHn c lrc6onra, nourxora rnrc6enngrooBr.rHrBa, qe o6n.raftKl.r npeKaJreHo, He noryqaBa o6raq uoTroBop, a Mo)Ke Aa_ ce cryrrH y Hero Aa HrMa Hlllqo,gacJryxaBarqo o6nu. yecro To3H, KoroTo o6r,ruar, o6nun_s_Ba Apyrvfl, qe no-paHo e o6erqan BcnqKo, a cera Hr,rqo HeI{snbJrHrBa. 3. Taxnsa ueula ce cryrrBaT, Koraro o6lrqa_Irlr{rr o6uqa sapa!'u yloBoJrcrBnero, a o6rnqa"" sr o6u.r;ao6uuarqru 3apaAl{ froJlgara, r,r re3u Helqa

"" ""*u yABaMara [crorrerHo]. B rarHra cryq,aw uABa npeKr,c"i-HeTO Ha CbrrlecTByBarrloTo npurTeJrcTBo _ KOtaTo He cTa_Har Herrlara, Kor{To 3a rrx ca 6unu [p[qr,rHaTa Ia ceo6nqar. 3anloro ca o6uqaru He caMr,r, ub""*, u

""iruru,Kor,rro ca 6utu y Hero- Ho re ca 6unn HerrocrorHHn.JaroBa TaKr{Ba ca ta caM]ITe rrp]rrreJrcrsa. A rrpolbJr)KH_TeJTHO e npurTeJrcTBOTO, KOeTO Hpor,r3Tnqa oT HpaBr{Te r,rcbrrlecrByBa caMo no ce6e cu, KaKTo rae axrrae(3). 4. HruacbrJracue H KOTaTO 3a Trx npor,r3Jrff3aT Apyru Herrla, a HeoHe3[, KbM Korrro ca ce crpeMrrJll{. 3arqoto ga rogl{,rofiro He noJryqr,t ToBa, KbM Koero ce cTpeMrr, e paBHocLrJr_Ho Ha roBa [a He [oJryq]r Hr,rulo. Hanpurraep Karo qoBeKa,rofiro o6erqan Ha neBerla c Kr,rrapa, q-e xonroro no_4o6perree, ToJIKOBa noBeqe IIIe My rrJIaTI{, a Ha SapaHra, npunor,rcKBaHe Ha o6eqanoTo, My Ka3aJI, .re sa ygororrct"re_To Beqe 6nrr uolyur,rJr yAoBoJrcrBr,re. W rrit,'axo BceKr{ orABaMara roBa e rlcKaJr, 6u 6nlo AocTarbqHo, Ho aKoeAuHLtfrT e ucKaJr y,qoBoJrcrBue, a [pyrr4r,r - neual6a, ue4uuwflt ro nMa, a Apyrnrr _ He, To sa o6qyuaHero HMToBa HflMa ga e 4o6pe, 3arrloro BceKr{ r,rMa HyxAa oronpeleJreHn Herqa rr KbM rax o6prula MucJrrrre cn, yr

HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA . KHHTA IX

sapaAr.r rflx resu Herqa, Koriro r,rMa, rqe lale. 5. Ho xoft orABaMara rpn6ra Aa HarrpaBr,r orleHKara - Tosrl, xoftronpe[Bap]rreJrHo e a,ail, viln rosr,t, KofiTo npel,BapHTeJrHo esger? 3auloro ro3ll, xoftro [pegBap]rreJrHo e AaJr, r,IgrJre-xla, qe ce [oBeprBa Ha Apyrr,rs. Karro uMeHHo KasBar,qe npaBeJr n flporarop(4): cneg Karo rrpe[oAaBaJr Herrlo,HapexAaJr Ha yqenr,rKa [a AaAe oqeHKa ea crofiHocrra HaToBa, Koero e Hayqr.rJr, r,r roJIKoBa B3eMaJr. 6. B tarnsaHerqa Ha HsKor{ frbK prM Ao[aAa ,SaIIIaTa, KaKBaTo o[pe-AeJrlr caM .ronerm"(S). Hnxon, Karo B3eMar npeABapr,l-TeJTHO napuTe, cJreA ToBa He rrpaBflT HHrrIo oT ToBa, KoeToca roBoplrJru, nopaAn ToBa, qe ca [peyBeJrurrtrJrn n o6eqa-Hvnra lr gacJryxeHo rn o6nungsat, garrloro He lrgrll,JrHr-rar o6erqaHr{ffTa cu.7.14 uoxe 6ra coQucrrare(6) ca 6ununpurryAeHfl Aa [ocrbnBar raKa nopaAr'r o6crosrencrBo-To, qe uurofi He 6u AaJr [apn 3a roBa, Koero re sHaxr. I4TaKa Te, cneA KaTo ca B3eJrlr 3arrJlaTaTa, KaTo He UpaBflTTOBA, 3a KOgTO Ca fl B3eJII{, HtMa Aa e HeCnpaBeAJII,IBO Aa6rgar o6suH.flsaHu. A ga oHesu, rrplr KoHTo HrMa cnopa-SyMeHr,Ie 3a BSaIIMHO CtgefiCrnue, 3a Te3!I OT TffX, KOT4TO

AaBaT npeABapr4TeJrHo 3apaAu caMUTe rrpr,rflTeJrr,r, ce Ka-3a, qe or rrx He se onraxnar(7); earqoro raKoBa e rrpun-TeJrcrBoro rto Ao6poAerer. A Bb3Harpa)KleHr,rero rpn6naIa ce [paBr,I B cboTBeTcTBr,re cbc cl,SHaTeJIHtrt ras6op.flosexe rofi e npucbrrl u Hn fipvrTenfl, vt Ha 4o6po4ereJr-ra. flo cbrrlHrr HaqnH ugrne)KAa e v ilpv oHegrr, Konrosaegr{o ce 3aHr{MaBar c QnnocoQnr; rrfi Karo He B nap}rce r,r3MepBa crofiHocrra, Hr,rro nMa HflKaKBo ypaBHoBecq-Barrlo yBaxeHr.re, KaKTo npaBr.{M npn noquraHero na 6o-roBere r,r poAr,rreJrtrre(8). 8. Ho noHexe AaBaHero ryK Hee or raKbB BH,q, a e 3apaAu HrKaKBo Bb3Aaruue [nage)K-Ial, To Mo)Ke 6u Haft-seqe rpx6na raKaBa ornraTa Aa celaBa B orBer, KaKBaro Ha ABaMara r,rgrJrexAa [ocrofina.Axo ne [ocrl,trHar cbrJracne no roBa, To l{grrexga HecaMo e Heo6xopurrio, Ho e 14 cnpaBeAJrHBo rogt4, xoftronpelBapr.rreJruo e roryqr.rr [ycnyra], Aa orpelenn [crofi-Hocrra fi]. 3aqoro KoJrKoro rroJrsa roft e rroryqnJr lrJrr{cpeuy KoJrKoTo yAoBoJrcTBr{e e rrpHeJr, ToJrKoBa [IoryqaBa-ryr{ffT B 3aMtHa rrle r,IMa rato ctoftHocr, onpeAeJreHa orcTpaHa Ha nbpBr{fl (xofiro e B3eJr ntpur). 3aqoro rd3rJre-

r98199

MecTa nMa 3aKoHr.r, KOT4TO He pa3peilaBaT cT,Ae6Hr,r npoqe_crr 3a Ao6poBorHH AoroBopr{, sarrloro 6u rpx6naJro'cJreAKaTO CLt. OKa3aJI AOBepI{e Ha HrKOrO, Aa ypeAHrx HerrlaTa cHero ilo cT,t\vfl HaqlIH, no KofiTo Cr{ IOCTHTHaJT Cnopa3y_MeHlreTo. Bn_pouervr cMtTa ce, qe e [o-clpaBeAJrHBO TO3r4,Ha KOTOTO e 6ulo AaAeHO, Ia HanpaBLr orleHKaTa, oTKOJTKO-TO TO3r,r, KOfiTO e,qaJr. flonexe noBeqero or He[IaTa He CeorleH.flBaT elHaKBO OT Te3U, KOuTO rll lrMaT H oHe314, KOI4TOr,rcKar [a rH noJryqar - rrft raro co6crBeHnTe Heqa, H ToTe3I,I, KOI,ITO Ce AaBaT, Ha BCI{qKn n3rJIexEaT, qe ca croJrflMa cToftHOCT. o6aqe ce [aBa TOJTKOBa rOJrrMO BT,3Ha_rpa)KAeHr,re, KoJrKoTo o[pe[eJrrr 83r,rM.arqrrre. Ho uoxe 6urpn6na Aa ce orleHrBa He Ha roJrKoBa, KoJrKoro Ha npraTe-xareJlfl [nerqoro] r{3rJIe)KAa rIeHHo, a roJrKoBa, Ha KoJrKo-To Tofi ro e orleHfiJr npelra Aa ro lpr.rrexaBa.

IJIABA BTOPA

Ho crqecrByBar HercHorlr H B TaKriBa Heua, KaroHanpnMep gann rpa6na Bcr{qKn Heqa Aa ce o[peAeJrrr or6aqara H Aa My ce noAqr,rHqBaT BbB BcuqKo, llnrt rpx6nafioBeqe Ha.JreKapr Aa ce nogqnHsBa To3r,r, roftro uvaHtKaKBa 6onecr, v D\ailv tpx6na onurHn.sr BbB BoeHHHTepa6oru ga 6rle ns6rEpan ga BoeHaqaJrHrrK; no cbrrlr4q Ha-rrlrH, Aaru rpn6na Aa ce [ocraBrMe B ycJryra Ha rrprrqrerlxrroBege, orKoJrKoro ua 4o6ponop.flAbrrHri.fl qoBeK, vr ALIrvuoBeqe Aa oTBpT,rqaMe c 6narogapHocT Ha TO3r{, XOfirO I{ue HanpaBr,tl 6laroqealave, vrJtvr rroBeqe Aa npegocTaBqMeHaiqpyrapfl cH, B cJryqafi, ue ue e Bb3Mo)KHo rn Ha ABaMara.2. W rnfi, He e JrH yrcrvrra, qe He e JIecHo BcHqKn raKuBacJryqau rorrHo Aa ce pa3rpaHn.rar? 3arqoro MHoro u BcrKa_KBr,I pa3JII,rKu nMa Mex[y T.f,x - I{ no ToBa, qe ca IOJTeML HMaJrKrr, H rro roBa, qe ca npeKpaculz'14 neo6xoguvru.3.Wlaee HercHo, qe BcI,rqKI,r re3r,r cJryqau ne rpa6r a aa ce ocraBqr[sa pasrnexgaHe] oT eAnH r,r cbrrl]t qoBeK ri qe no-cKopo6laroqernnara rpr6sa aa ce Bpbqar MHoro noBeqe, or-KoJrKoro rpx6na Aa oKa3BaMe nrc6esHocr Ha ApyrapnTe,TOqHO KaKTO Ar,JrrbT r:px6na Aa ce BpT,qa Ha KOTOTO rOAbJr)KlrM, [peAr,r Aa ce [aBa Ha Apyrapr. 4. Ho Mo)Ke 6n rosa

APUCTOTEA

ilc BKHarn e raKa, KaKTo Haflpr,rMep ocno6ogeHu.flT cpeuyo't'Kyrr or pas6ofiHr,rqlr, AaJrr4 rpl6ra ga ocno6ogri cperqy(t'rKyrr ocno6ognar4fl ro, He3aBl,tcr/rMo KaKbB My e Tofi, nJru'l'pa6ua Aa My ce orrrJrar[, rroHexe roft ncxa, Aoppr Aa He enJreHeH; unu rpn6ra ,ua ocBo6ogu cperqy orKyn 6arqacn?(9) 3aqoro cMrra ce, qe rpn6aa Aa oceo6oAu 6allg.a cwItopu no-cKopo, orKoJrKoro caMr,Is, ce6e cu. 5.IzI rrfi, :ronakMeHHo ce Ka3a saii-o6ulo - ue rpa6Ba Aa ce Bp:brrlall't)JlrT'T, HO AaJI14 AaBaHeTo ce pa3npOCTI,IpA Bbpxy flpeKpa-e HoTo r,rJrr,r Heo6xoAr4MoTo - Kl,M Te3H Heqa rpx6ua Aa c90'TKJIOHIIM; 3aqOTO [OHtKOra He e paBHO Ba'pHATOTO B

o'r'rIJIara 3a no-paHllrgo 6raroleflP'vte, Koraro HRrofi, sHa-ciirn, qe [pyrn.rrr e go6ponoprAT,rreH, e r,r3Bbprrlul 6naro-)\efl.P're, a orrrJraTaTa ce,qaBa Ha TaKbB, rofito Ha Hero MyH3rJrexAa, qe e rropoqeH? .{ann noH.gKora Ha ro3}r? xofitoo IIaJr Ha3aevr, He rpx6Ba Aa ce orBpbrrla c AaBaHe Ha3aeM;iarrloTo roft, cMrrariKn, ue ue noJryqlr o6parHo, e AaJrHa3aeM Ha go6rp qoBeK, a go6pnlr He ce HaArBa, r{e xleuoryqu o6parHo or rroBeK, roftro e rroKBapen. I{o arorf [potleM TaKa cToflT HeuaTa HaucTwHL, To tIcKaHeTo He ec[paBelJrI,IBo; a aKo He e TaKa, a cMflTaT, ue e, ue 6uH3rJrexlaJro HeyMecrHo, qe ce [paBn. 6. W m,fr, KaKToMHOIO nbTn Ce Ka3a, pa3cb)KAeHr,rrTa 3a cTpacTr4Te H

ilocTbrrKr4Te ca ToJrKoBa onpe,qeJreHr,r, KOJIKoTo HetIIaTa, 3aKorrro re ce orHacar(10). l/Irtfi, qe re3l,t Herrla He rpx6na/(a ce oTlaBaT Ha BcHtrKlr, r,r,qopu Ha 6auaTa He BcHqKHTe,KaKTo u He BcnqKo ce rrpuuacff B xeprBa Ha 3enc, ne eHeflcHo. 7. flonexe pa3Jr14qHH Heula ce AlJrxar Ha poAr,rre-Jrnre u Ha 6parxra, n Ha Apyrapr4Te, u na 6laro[ereJlr{Te,'fo Ha BcI,IqKn Tt{x TexHuTe I{ cboTBeTcTBaUIHTe Heualpa6na [a ce [aBar. I4grnex,qa, TaKa ce u npaBn; 3arrrorona csar6u KaHflT poAHHHHTe, rrfi xaro 3a rrx poAa,T e o6u1r.{ nocrbnKuTe, KorlTo HMar Bpr,gKa c Hero, ca o6rql,r(11).3apagra roBa cMflTar, ale Ha norpe6eHnsucszr6u Haft-seqepo4Hr,rHr,rre rpx6na Aa ce cpeqar. 8. 9sHo e, qe 3a npexpa-Ha Haft-seqe Ha pogHreJrrlTe rpl6na Aa ce noMara, 3aqoroKr,M T.flx uMaMe ,qbJrr H noHe)Ke 6narogapeHne Ha rrxcr,IIIeCTByBaMe, nO-npeKpaCHO e Ha Ttx, OTKOJIKOTO HacaMr{Te ce6e cn [ga norurararvre]. 7I Ha poA]rreJrure :rpa6ra[a ce orAaBa rroqnT Karo Ha 6orone, Ho He BcflKaKBa;

200 201

Ei$ulr| APTICTOTEA f,:,j-+1.,!Elltll

3arrloTo He e eAHa l,I Cbrqa KbM Mbflpe\a vru BogH&q&JrHH"Ka, a Tpr6Ba 6arqnHara - Ha 6arqara, I,I no cbilIptff HaquH [|MafiqnHara [- Ha rraafirlr.?]:.9. lL na BceKn Br3pacreH "noqur cnopeg rtspacrra(1.2),xaro Ha[pr4Mep craBaHe H&iKpaKa npeA HerO n oTCTbrIBaHe Ha M'ICTO 3a yroqeHr,re tl :,qpes ApyrH TaKr,rBa fiocTbnKrr. A nrx Ha Apyrap[Ts' H,1cbrrlo H Ha 6parrra, Tpfl6Ba Aa ce AaBa cno6oga Hi pevra :n o6rqHocr Bt'B Bcr,tgKr,r Herqa. W ga poAHr,rnure, vr Ha,rrpr,rHaAJrexarrlu"e KbM cbrrlara {rnla, r,r Ha cbrpa)KAauure,u Ha BcnrrKlr ocraHaJr[ Tpq6Ba BriHarH Aa ce cTpeMraM AaAaBaMe Ha BceKuro HeroBoro u noAxoxgarrloro [ea uero] uAa o[pe[eJrr{Me rroJraraqoro uy ce cto6pa3Ho c pogcrnorou go6po4ereJrra uJrr,t noJr3ara. lO. W r.sit, no-JrecHo e Aa ceoTcsAH 3a Te3H, KOHTO Ca OT eAr.rH pOA, a no-TpyAHo,Koraro ca or pa3Jrrlqnu. Ho He rpx6na nopaglr roBa Aa ceorKaxeM or pa3rpaHr,rqaBaHe, a rpn6na KaKTo e Bb3Mox-HO, TaKa AA rO HAnpaBuM.

TJIABA TPETA

Wv,auencr.ora H rro Bbnpoca, AaJrr{ Aa 6tgar ilpeKparff-BLHId

',,'J[Id He npHflTeJrCTBaTa C Te3VI, KOHTO He OCTaBaT

cbrrll,rTe, KaKBr,ITo ca 6uil. \atu npH Te3H, KoHTO Canpr{fl TeJr u 3 apaAu rroJr e3 H oTo HJr r{ 3 apa,4r,r yloBoJr cTB ueTo,KOTaTO Beqe rn HrMa Te3r,r Helqa, HrMa HHrrIo HeyMecTHO BToBa ga ce pa3genflr? Trft Karo ca 6unu npuxreJrrr HanoJr3aTa lr yAoBoJrcTBHeTo,TO KOfaTO Te Beqe Jrr,rfrcBaT,ecrecrBeHo e, qe He ce o6uqar. Hqxofi 6u uortn gaornpaBu o6euHeur,rs KbM HflKoro, KoftTo e o6nqar 3apaluIroJreSHoTo LrJrlr yAoBoJrcTBr4eTo, a ce e npecTopl,rJr, qe esapaln HpaBa. 3arqoro roBa r{MeHHo Ka3axMe B HaqaJro-ro(13) - naft-r"rHoro pa3HorJracnn ce ropa)KAar cpeA npns-TeJIUTe, KOTaTO nputTeJIcTBoTo I,tM He e TaKOBa, KaKBOTOTe MHcJrsr.2. I/I rrft, roraro sxrofi e crpe[rr4Jr r,r e cMer-HaJr, qe ro o6nqar sapaln HpaBa, a Apyrlrrr He e noKagaJrHr,rryo raKoBa, Hera o6sr.rnfl,Ba cnuul. ce6e cn, a Koraro e6nn nguaueH or rrpecrpyBaHero Ha oHsr,r, cnpaBeAJrHBo ega o6ouHnna rogr,t, xofiro ro e n3MaMr,rJr, Aoprd noBeqe orTesn, Kor,rro nognpaBflT MoHerr,r. floue:xe ryK Herqoro,gacerHaro or gJroAetHr,rero, e [o-rIeHHo. 3. A aKo H.flKoro

202 203

lll)HeMar, Karo cM.flTar, qe e go6pogereJleH, a rofi ce{rKaxe tlopoqeH uJrr,r H3rJrexAa TaKbB, AaJII{ BCe OUIe'r';tl6na.qa ro o6uqar? 3arqoro He BctKo HeIrIo e [pe1Mertlll o6nq, a caMo 6laroro. Ho suro MoxeM [,a o6[.raMeJt()[roro, HttTo cMe AJrr,xHI,l. 3auloro xe tpl6na qoBeK [ao6nqa JroIIroro, Hlrro [a 3anpurI,rtrBa Ha JIotuI4t; a Ka3axMe,rlo rroAo6Hlrrr e npr,rflTeJr Ha noAo6eH(14). [,anu, cJIeAoBa-'r'cJrHo, BeAHara tpx6na Aa ce pa3gensr? VIttvt He c BcH.IKLI'll c Te3r,r, KoI,lTo ca HeH3JIeqI{M}I oT cBotTa nopounocr? Ho't'pr6ra Aa ce noMara Ha re3n, Kol,tro Morar Aa ce rrorrpa-Ittrr, IIpu ToBa froBeqe 3a HpaBa, oTKOJIKOTO 3a MaTep]IaJI-noro, [oHe:re roft e no-npeKpaceH u noBeqe cborBercrBaila nplrrreJrcrBoro. Bce nax n3rJlex,4a, qe ro3H, KofiTo ceo'l'Kr,cBa [or uptutelcrnoro], He npaBu HI,rulo HeyMecrHo;xarrloro e 6un npHffTeJI He Ha raKbB Ia Ha npegulrrHtttl;oneuoBaTeJIHo ce oTApbnBa or npoMeHuJIlIfl ce, Koraro HeMOxe Aa rO cnacU, KaTO BT,3CTaHOBI'I ilpeAIIIIIHOTO y HerO.4. A aro egr,rHrdrr ocrar{e [nenporueuen], a ApyrnflT craHerro-go6rp(15) n r',rHoro ce pa3rllqana r 4o6poAereJlTa orrrbpBlrr, gaau rpx6na Aa ro I,rMa 3a npu.srer, IIJIH ToBa Hec Bb3MOXHO? flpra roJr.sMo oTAaJIeqaBaHe ToBa crana nafi-flcHo, KaKTO Hanpr,rMep B npHrTeJIcTBaTa oT AeTcTBo - aKoc,u,rHnrr npoAbJrxlr ga 6rge Aere rro M]tcbJI, a [pyrl,IflTcTaHe M:bx B nafi-go6punu Haf4-n'bntHvrfl cMt4cbJr, rro KaK'bBHaqnH 6uxa 6unu npuflTeJlld, IrIoM Beqe He eAHLI u ct'ilIl4xopa xapecBar r{ He or eAHo H calqo ce pa,{Bar u cwsp6nr?3aqoro HflMa [a r4Ma 3a rrtx Lr B orHolrreHrflTa vM elHu ]IcbrrlH Herrla, a 6e3 Tflx, KaKTo Ka3axMe, He MoraT [a 6rt[ar[pr4rrerq; 3aqoro He MoraT Aa xl{Betr 3aeAHo. Ho sa're3n Herrla Beqe Ka3axvre(16). 5. Cne,qonareJlHo, IaJIU'rpx6na KbM Hero Aa r{Ma raKoBa orHolrreH}Ie, KaKTO Karoqe JrH HLrKora He My e 6un nputten? Wnu rpr,6ra Aa rroMHIIcbrrIecTByBaJIaTa B MuHaJIoTo 6nnsocr, u TaKa, KaKTo cMt-TaMe, ve rpx6na [a npotBflBavre nrc6esHocr KT,M rrpnlIre-JIUTe fIOBerIe, OTKOJIKOTO Kt,M tIyXAItTe' TaKa I{ Ha Te3H,Kolrro ca Hr,r 6unn lnpnnrenra] rpx6na Aa AaBaMe He[lo B

HMeTO Ha npeAr,rIIIHoTo nppIqTeJIcTBo, KoraTo pa3AtJIaTa ecraHaJra H9 rropaArl TBbpAe roJIflMa nopovHocr?

TJIABA IIETBbPTA

,{PYXErr TO6HOTO OTHACI HE Kb M IPI,Ifl TEJI }ITE I,I HEIqATA,IIO KOLITO Ce OnpeAeJrJ{T nplrtTeJICTBaTa, H3rJIe)K.qa, npoHg.Tr,ryll oT Te3H, KOr.rTo ca y BceKl,lfo KbM CaMrI,r ce6ecu(77). 3auloro ce fippreMa, ve e fiprrrreJr ro3n, rofiroxeJrae t,t npaBu 6rara, n Herrla, xonio H3nJrexAar 6rara,3apaAr,r Apyrvn, HJrn KOfiTO )KeJrae [pr4rTer.flT Aa CbtIIecT-ByBa n Aa xr,rBee 3apa4u caMn.a ce6e cv. Tosa nMeHHoI,I3fIHTBar uafixnre KbM Aeqar a cH, vt npllrreJILITe, Me)K[yKoHTo e BbsHr.rKHaJr HrKaKbB MaJrbK cubp(1g). gpyru nricM.flTaT sa nplrrreJr ro3u, roflro xusee c rxx i'ns6upacbrrlrlTe HeIrIa, t,rJln rogr4, xofiro 3aegHo c Trx

"arr"riu6orxa_n paAocr. Hq rosa ce cryqBa "ur-""r" ;prl;;;;-re.2. Ilfv'eHno no HrKoe or re3n Herrla ce onpegeJr fr, npnn-TeJrcrBoro. Bcqxo oT Tesr,r Heua ctrqecrnyn u y goftprnrroBeK KbM caMnr ce6e cn, a y ocraHaJruTe _ 4orolxona,

AoKoJrKoro re cMrrraT ga ce6e cH, qe ca raKr{Ba. 3arqoro,KaKTo 6eure xasano( 1 9), lr3rJre)K[ a go6pogere"ru -"* u"d-ponoprAbqHr,rrr rroB_eK ca Mrpara r,r ga BcrKo Herrlo. 3. Tofi

e B cbrJracne ctc ce6e cn v ce cTpeMH Kt M Te3ri Hella qpe3yr::? c,t Ayrra, n oue )Kerrae sa ce6e clr Herqara, roraroca oJrara !r oHe3r.r, KoHTo H3rJrexAar raKuBa u gefr,creacboTBerHo (nonexe Ha 4o6pogeTeJrHuff e npuctqo ranporBflBa ycbp4ne ga 6narara) r.r sapa4ra cavrui ce6e cu','tHHTepec Ha MUCJreqaTa qacT Ha AyIIIaTa cu, Ko.ETO n3rJre-)Kla, qe e BceKH oT Hac. IL rofr )KeJrae H Aa xnBee , u g,a ce3arrasI.r, u nafi-seqe Tasr{ qacT [or: ce6e cul, 6.naro,[uD"r""Ha Korro pa3cr,)KAaBa. 3auloro sa 4o6ponop"l:t,ui^, lacbrrle.crByBa e 6laro. 4. BcerrE xeJrae sace6ecH'6";";, ;;surofi ue ras6upa [a r,rMa BcuqKHTe, aKo rrle craHe Apyr, acaMo aKo TaKbB, KaKbBTO e cTaHaJI Cera, lIIe vMavBcatIKHnpeAnrrrHr'r Heqa. 3aqoro 60:xec:rsoro e roBa, Koero r{Ma6naroro, Ho e roBa, Koero BaHarr{ e. tts"rrex;";;;;";;;oT Hac e Tasu [crox] qacT, Korro e cnoco6

^i' au;;;":yMl'T, ItJrr{ npeAr,rMHO Tr. 5. l/L raxt B qOBeK )KeJrae AaxnBee caM cbc ce6e cu.3arqoro ToBa My AocTaB, y[oBor-crBue. Tofi ngnNrBa HacJraAa oT cnoMeHHTe 3a Herrlara,Korrro e u3BbprrruJr, tr or 6aaropo4Hure Hagexan ga 6tne-rrIH Herrla. A re ca ilpuflltu r,t B Mltct Jrra cr,r rofi nua

204 205

ttso6r,urr,re or [peAMeru sa cb3eprlaHne, 14 Hafi-[o6pe cauc'rrc c96o cu ugN.rtBflna cxpt6ra u paAocrra. floHexe ncR-Kora My Hocrr cxpr6 r,r My AocraBrr yloBoJrcrBue ear.la vr

c'rrulpl HeIIIa, a He BceKIt nbT pasJII,IrIHI,r - ttft ra:ro Tofi e,'r'aKa Aa ce Kaxe, Hecnoco6eH Aa ce pasrafina. Cre,qosa-'t'cJrHo, noHexe Bcr{qKr.r Te3u Herqa cbIIIecrByBaT B oTHo-llreHfiero My KbM caMr,lq ce6e cH, a KbM IIpH,gTenr eHacrpoeH TaKa, KaKTo KbM cav.tafl ce6e cn (earqoro npuff-'r'cJrrr e Apyro a3), 3aroBa ra gpyx6ara HM H3rJre)KAa, qeHMa HeITIO OT fiplrcbxlrrTe Ha TtX Herqa n qe IIpHrTerv caxopa, y KoHTo re3r,r Heula rH HMa. 6. A uann cbulecTByBanJrr{ He npnflTeJlcrBoro cbc caMu;r ce6e cu , 3acera lt1eocTaBr.rM HacTpaHa. I4srrex4a, qe HMa npnrTeJrcTBo Ao-'t'oJrKoBa, ,[oKoJIKoTo ABe IiJII,t IIOBeqe OT Ka3aHr,ITe Herl{a rUHMa, I,t CbIIlO, nOHeXe HaABlrrIIaBaHeTO B npI,ISTeJICTBOTOce cpaBHtBa c np[.flTeJrcrBoro Ha BceKr,r KbM caMr.rr ce6ecu. T.InsrnexAa, qe Ka3aHure Herrla cbrrlecrByBar y rroBe-qero xopa, MaKap lr re Aa ca Jlomu. Ho 4aln B crerreHTa, BKoflTo re xapecBar caMr,rre ce6e cu r,t ce cMflTar ea go6pr,r,R cr,qara creneH ca nM npucbrrlr4 Te3r,r Herqa? floHe:re yHnKOTO OT Te3I,I, KOT.ITO Ca HarrbJrHO JrOUru I,r H3B:bprXBaTHelIecTI,IBI,t nOCTbnKn, HtMa TaKr,tBa HeIIla, a I,I He I,ISrJIeX-4a, [.re urura]. 8. Huro rrbK It y cpaBH]ITeJIHo JIoruvITe -3arlloro re ca B HecbrJlacve n cr,c caMr,rre ce6e cu, rt cecTpeMrT KbM eAHll vr c'bu\U Herrla, a lpyrH Herrla xeJrarT,KaKTO HanplrMep HeBb3Abp)KaHr{Te: IIpe[ Her.qaTa, Kor,tTor,rM H3rJrexlar 6.nara re ue6npar oue3r,I, KoIlTo ca nputr-Hr,r, MaKap I,I Bpe,qHr4; a [pyru IIbK nopaAr{ cTpaxJrr{BocT Lr

JreHocT ce oTKa3BaT oT rrpaBeHeTo Ha HeqaTa, KOttTocMrrar, qe ga r.ffx ca Hafi-4o6pvi r resv, KoHTo MHoro Ha6poit u crparrrHu Heula ca r,r3Bbprrrvrn v ca oMpasHn 3apa-.([r nopoqHocTTa cu, Te ng6qrsar oT xr,rBoTa r{ ce caMoy-6nsar. 9. flopovur{Te nbK Tbpcrr c Koro [a npeKapBarAHHTe, Karo caMure ce6e cH Hg6qrsar. 3aqoro Koraro cacaMu, cn cIIoMH,aT 3a MHoro n OTBpaTITeJIHI,I Herlla, noqaKBaT Apyru TaKr,rBa, a KoraTo ca c Apyru xopa, rptra6panar. W y rnx:s.srra Hr4rrro,.[opaArd Koero ga rn o6u-r{aT, HHTO Te CaMHTe I{3III4TBaT [pIIflTeJICKO qyBCTBO KbMce6e cu. Tax[sa xopa , He r43x[rBtBar B ce6e cu nuropa[ocr, nuro crpt6, sarrloro rflxHara Ayrrra ce pa3[r,rpa or

6ynr - eAHa rracr or Heff rropaAr,r noporrHocr n3nr{TDacTpaAaHr,re, KoraTo e HacTpaHa oT HrKOrr Heula, a Apyrnu3rrLrTBa y,{oBOJrCTBU9, H eEHaTa - Ha eAHa cTpaHa, a Apyrs.Ta - Ha Apyra TerJr[, KaTO qe lru l\a pa3KbcaT BtlB BCHqK]lnocoxu(20). 10. A noHexe He e Bb3Mo)KHo eAHoBpeMeHHola H3nHTBa CTpaAaHHe l,l y,4OBOJrCTBr{e, TO MaJTKO CJIeAKaro ce e paABaJr, [vonex] 3anoqBa Aa crpaqa or roBa r{ Myce ucKa,qa He e HMaJI Te3!r yAoBoJrcrBnt. 3arqoro Jro[It{Tcxopa ca r,r3nbJrHeHr,r c pa3KarHne. Tara tre romuffT Hcn3rJrexAa Aopn l,r xrrrl ce6e cn Aa e pasnoJro)KeH [pr,u{TeI.cKlr rropagn roBa, qe uarraa [n nero] Huulo, Koero Aa npeAn.SBuKBa o6uq. IzI none:re raKa cro.flT Helrlara, qe rofi C

TBbpAe HerrlacreH, ro rpx6ra ga ce us6;'rBa rloporrHocrr8c Bcr4qKlr ct4nt*t Lt rpr6na Aa ce onr.rrBaMe Ia 6tgevr go6pu,SauoTo llo To3I4 HaqnH rr KbM ce6e cu qoBeK ce oTHac[npur{TeJrcKu, vt Ha Apyr qe Moxe Aa cTaHe npurTeJr.

|JIABA NETA

, 6narocx.rtoHHocrra rrpr,IJrI,rqa Ha rrprrflTeJrcrBo, Ho Bc€naK He e ilpurreJrcrno(21). 3aqoro 6larocxloHHocrr&Mo)Ke 4a Bb3HtrKHe r,r KbM He[o3uarufr, v I\a 6tge cxpHta,a npnrreJrcrBoro - He [uoxe]. Tesra Herrra 6sxa rasaHr,I Hno-rope(z?). Ho [6narocxnounocrra] He e r{ o6uuaHe,SanIoTo H.gMa HIITO HanpexeHt{e, HLITo KOIIHe)K, a TeSHHenla cbnbrcrnar o6nqaxero.2. O6uraaHero e cBbp3aHo Hc 6lugocrra, a 6larocKJroHHocrra Moxe cbBceM BHe3arlHoAa Bb3HI,rKHe, KaKTO Harrpr,IMep ce cryqBa rrplr cbcTeS&To.Jlure - xopara craBaT 6narocxnoHHll KT,M Tflx I{ )KeJlatT3aeAHo c rrx [no6ega]; 6es [a yqacrBar n geficrnuero3aeAHo c rrx. 3ar4oro, KaKTo Ka3axMe, craBar 6.rrarocr.JroHHn [xrvr rax] BHe3a[Ho H noBbpxHocrHo ru o6nqar. 3.M rsit, v3rJre)KAa, qe Tr e flaqaroro Ha rrpnrreJrcrBoro,KaKTo B rIo6oBTa e y,uoBgJrcrBr{ero, noryqeHo or rJregaHc-ro. 3al1or:o nurofi nJ ce nnn6sa, 6es npelBaprrreJrHo Aa oItgnlrraJl yAoBoJrcrBue or BbHrrrHocrra, Ho roftro cg Hflc.JraxlaBa Ha BbHrrrHocTTa, oIIIe se e nnrc6eH, a e[Ba KoraTo)KaAyBa 3a rosr,r, roftro He rrpncbcraa, *t cr,rJrHo xeJlaeHeroBoro rrpncbcrgue. Tara qe He e BbsMoxHo Aa 6r[a,rnputreJrH, 6es 4a ca, craHaJILt 6narocr;ronHrd, a 6larocK.

@ HtaKomnxoeA ETuKA ,

JroHHlrTe Bce oule He I{3nnTBaT np}rtTeJrcTBo. Te cauoxoJraflT 6nara Ha regn, KbM Kor,rro ca 6.narocxJIoHHI,I, Honuuro se 6uxa HanpaBnJrr{, ga Aa r{M rroMorHar, Hr,{To 6uxat:c o6egnoxonJrH 3apagn Trx. 3arosa n nnrofi upeuocHo 6uKit3aJr, qe roBa e 6esAefiHo rrpl,rj{TeJrcrBo, Ho To c HanpeA-rritHero Ha BpeMero lr [ocTHraHeTo sa 6nugocT cTaBailpr4flTeJICTBO, H He TaKOBa, KOeTO e 3apaAll [oJIeSHoro,l r 1.r ro s apaA[ yAoBoJr crnue. floHe;re 6l arocxlonHocrra Heltl,3HlrKBO OT TflX. TOSr,r, XOfirO e [OnyqHJI 6larocxlon-ll()cr, 3a Herqara, Kor{To e H3n}rTaJI, OTBpbIrIa C 6aarocr-,[()HHOCT KaTO nOCTbnBa CnpaBeAJII,rBO, a roftto :KeJIaerlacrne 3a HflKoro c Ha[exga Aa noJryqn 6narocrcr:oflHl,IertpeS Hero, lr3fJlexAa, qe e 6JIarocKJIoHeH He KbM lpyrl4t,{ rroBeqe KT,M caMl,r.f ce6e cu, TaKa KaKTo He e [ppItTeJIrurxoft, rofir:o 3apa,qn HrKaKBa o6rara [paB]r ycJryra HaItpyr. 4. Izlgo6rqo 6rarocxroHHocrra [pou3Tuqa or go6po-/lcreJr r{ or HflKaKna go6pora, Koraro nnxofi }rsrJlexAa 3alrrrKoro npeKpaceg r{Jrr,r chreJr sJrH ,qpyro nogo6Ho, KaKToKa3axMe, qe cTaBa llp}t cbcTe3aTeJlnTe.

TJIABA IIIECTA

l4arnexga, qe u eAHHoM]IcJrr{ero e HrKaKbB B}r,4 nput-'r'cncrno(23). 3arona HMeHHo ro He e erHaKBoci s MHeHu-lta. 3arqoro rn 6u MorJra Aa cbrrrecrByBa H Me)KAy Heno3-ilaru, a 3a re3[, KoI,ITo ca Ha eAHo MHeHI{e no KaKbBTo H Aac Bbnpoc, He ce Ka3Ba, qe HMar eLLrHoMlrcJII{e, KaKTolra[p]rMep no oTHo[reHrre Ha ne6ecHure Herrla (noHexecru,rHoMr,rcJrr{eTo no oTHorrreHHe Ha rffx HrMa Bp63Ka crprrrreJrcrnoro). O6a.re Ka3Bar sa ArpxaBHTe, qe nMarcrlHHOMr,rCJrlrg, KOTaTO Ca Ha elHO MHeHI4e 3a nOJIe3Hr,ITe 3a'f'flx Herrla H BseMaT e4rlvt4 cbrrln perneH[s r{ [peAnpr{eMaTucura, Korrro ca6unw o4o6peun o6rqo.2.fIo oruorrreHneila Herrlara, cBbp3aHu c rrocrbnKure, [xoparal MncrflTc/lHaKBO H TO nO OTHOITTeHHe Ha Te3U OT TtX, KOUTO Ca nO-:rHaqureJrHlr r{ Morar Aa 6rlar flocrnrHaru B HHTepec Hal{rf eTe cTpaHr{ vrrv Ha BcHqKu, KaKTo HanpHMep [rpxaBu-'r'c, KoraTo BcItTIKI,I cMqTaT, qe BllctutlTe HaqaJIHnqr,r tpx6-rra ga 6r,Ear ne6upanu, tl cbrrlo F,atu La ce cpaxaBar B(:'rrro3 c JraKe[eMoHrlr.tre, wu Aailuflurax(Z{) Aa ynpaBJrfl-

206207

Ba, aKo r.r Tofi caMr{tT HcKa. KOraTo BCeKU XeJtae TOft AaylpaBJrrBa, Karo Harrpr,{Mep BbB,,OuHr,rxufixure.,(25),'ceB4lrra 6yHr; nonexe He e eAHHOMnCJTT{e BceKI,r OT IBaMa AaHayMu sa ce6e clr eAHo r,r cbrrlo Heqo, KaKBoro n ga 6unoro, a rpabna ro cbxrHocrra cr{ ?o 4a 6rge

"u"o i'"""ro,

KAKTO HarrptrMep KOraTo u HapoAr,T, n 4o6pure fsavu.areAHo r{ crqol - Aa yrrpaBJrflBar saft_ao6pn"". tio 'ror"HaquH 3a BcItqKH craBa roBa, Koero wcrar. W raKa, HgrJIe-xAa' qe eAI|HoMI'lcJIHero e rpa)KAaHcKoTo rrpurreJrcTBo 14

AyMaTa B TO3H rrMeHHO CMlrcbJr [3noJI3BaMe - 3aqoToKacae HeIIIara, KoI,ITo ca g o6tq r,rHTepec r,r Korrro ceoTHacrT Ao xr.rBOTa n O6rqnoCrra. 3. Taxola eguuorra v}rneI,IMa Me)KAy go6pure; sarrloTo Te ca B eAuHoMHcJr ue H c.bccaM[Te ce6e cu, u [oMe)KAy ctr, Koraro rleJrr,rre u geficryu-flTA nM ca 3a eAHr,t H cl,IIIn Herrla, TaKa Ia ce Ka)Ke; Saqoro)KeJIaHIItTa Ha TaKrIBa xopa ocTaBaT nocToqHlHVt, yt He ceilpoMeHrr, KaKTo Enpzn(26) [ce npovenx] nog BJrr,rrHr,reHa npnJlnBr.r tr oTJr[BU, a Te xeJrarT cnpaBeAJrHB]rTe I,rnoJre3HETe Heqa, n ce crpeMrr KbM rxx sae4no - 4. O6pa_THO, He e Bb3MO)KHO JIOII]ITe Aa Ca B e,qInHoMHCJIUe, IOpl,tr,r s Haft-rvraJrKa creneH, KaKTo u ga 6r.qa,

"p"rrl"'",IIOHeX9 Ce CTpeM.flT Aa rloryqaT OT nOJre3HrrtTe Herrla rIOBe-qe or Apyrr{Te, a B TpyAnocrnre u o6qecrnenure noBHH-HocTr.{ r,t3ocraBar Hagag. Ho sceKn eAnH, xelaeftrra gaclv'vrfr ce6e cu re3u Herrla, Ha6rrogaBa Apyrr{Te oro.no ce6e?!^: ,"rBb3nupa. Barqoro aKo He 6gxr u He ce rpuxarlrcuvruJ ga o6ruoro, To sarr,rBa. B pesynrar Ha roBa cTa_nat 6yHrone - nonexe Te eAuH lpyi nsararraHo ce 3acraBflT ,

H1-:-o"::"rar crpaBeArnrol, u """*, caM He rrcKa AaBbpIIIfi HeIrIaTa, KOT4TO Ca CnpaBeAnurBu.

IJIABA CEAMA

- - T:tr, Kor,rro npaBrr 6laro4eaHlre, nsrJrexga, ue o6ra-qar obr aroAereJl crB aHI4Te rIoBeqe, orKoJI Koro nofl yrIaBa-rrIlITe 6raro4eanue o6uqar r,r3BbprrrnJrHTe ro I,r roBa saCJIy.xaBa Aa 6rge uscneABaHo Karo Herrlo, nporr,rBopeqaqo HapasyMa. I4 rcit, Ha MHosnHcrBoro xopa r.rM usrJrex[a, qeeA'Jn ca,qrbxHlrrlr{, a Ha ApyrH ce 4UXr. Toqno raxronpr4 AaBaHero u B3eMaHero Ha3aeM, Te3H, KOITTO AbJIXaT,

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KH

XeJIaflT Aa fll H.flMa Teglt, Ha KOI4TO,[T'JIXaT, a Te3I,l, KOIITOca Xarv HagaeM, ce rpuxar ga onagsailero Ha AJrb)KHltIln-Te, TaKa lI Te3I,t, Kouro ca o6naroAereJlcrBarl,I )KeraqroHe3r,r, Kor{to ca lloryql,lru 6narogelHlreTo, ,{a cbrrlecTBy-Bar, sa Aa noJryqar or rrx 6larogapHocrn, a o6narogere.n-cTBaHrire He nporBrBar rpr{xa sa orBpr,qanero c 6laro-AapHocr. Moxe 6N Enraxapu(27) 6u rasaln qe raKa roBo-pflT xopaTa, KolrTo rJreAaT oTKbM JrorrraTa cTpaHa, a ToBaI,rsrJrex[a e np]rcbrrlo Ha goBerrrKara rrpupo,qa. 3anlororroBeqero xopa He rroMnrr 6larogeauvflTl u ce crpeMrrrro-cKopo Aa iloryqar 6larolegnne, orKoJrKoro Aa r.{3Bbp-llnar.2. Bce nax lrgrJre)KAa, qe rrpurrnHara e rro-ecrecrBeHaI,I qe He e e,qHaKBa c Ta3r,r, KoffTo ABn)Ktr [aBaqrrTe Ha3aeM.3aqoro Hqrua o6nq KIM oHe3u, [xouro ca [Jrr,)KHr4rIHl, aLrMa )KeJraHr{e Te Aa ca 3ApaBr{ n SaIIa3eHH'3apaAu Bpbula-Hero Ha 3aeMa; a re3u, Kor,rro ca n3Bbprrrulu 6larogefir.laeI{3TII'ITBAT NP}I'TEJICTSO I,I Irc6OB KbM TE3I,I, KOI,TTO CA TOfioJryqHJII{, MaKap qe He ca IIoJIe3H}I 3a MOMeHTa, HHTO rI'bKule craHar rro-Hararbr. 3. Tosa lrMeHHo ce cryqna v npvTBoprlr,rre - BceKn o6nqa cBoero geno [rnop6a] noneue,orKoJrKoro 6u 6un o6nqan or AeJroro, aKo ro craHe oAy-IrreBeno. I4 uo:re 6n rona nafi-neqe npn noerr{Te ce cryrr-Ba; 3aruoro re o6nqar r,r3BbHpeAHo MHoro cBoIlTe crlrxor-Bopeur,rfl u rn o6nqar Karo cBor.r Aerla. 4. Ha'rosa npr,rJrr{qarr orHorrreHHero Ha re3H, Kor,tro H3B6prrrBar 6.narogenrvs;3arqoTo KoraTo Hqroft [oryqaBa 6narogexupre, ToBa eTflXHO IeJIO, a HerO O6raqar rroBeqe, oTKoJIKoTo caMoTogero o6uua qoBeKa, rofiro ro e r{3Bbpnrnn. flpraur,rHara gaToBa e, qe 6nT[ero (t6 etvct) sa rcnvrr4 e )KeJraHo r4 rouz6npar, n e lrc6pIvro, n ,rcMett upes geftnocrra, c lpyrnlyMI,I, qpe3 )KIIBeeHeTO H I,I3BLprrIBaHeTO Ha nOCtUXn. fIOcuJrara Ha gefiHocrra, cJreAoBareJrHo, To3tI, xofiro cb3[a-Ba H'KaKBO AeJIO, CbIIIeCTByBa nO HflKaKT'B HaIIIIH ; U rril,o6nqa AeJroro nopalu ToBa, qe o6uqa cBoero 6lrrue. ATOBa e ecTecTBeHo; 3aqoTo ToBa, KOeTO CbqeCTByBa BbBBT,3MOXHOCTTa, HerO AeJIOTO pa3Kpr,rBa UpeS gefinocrra. 5.3aegno c roBa 3a ro3r4, rofiro usBtpruBa 6laroge.aHne,cBbp3anoro c rrocrbnKara My, e ilpeKpacHo, TaKa qe roftMy ce palBa raM, Kb4ero ro vua; a 3a qoBeK, xofironoryqaBa 6narogeaune, H-flMa HHu1o npeKpacHo y ro3r4,

t4208 209

KofiTo ro e HgBbpIrr,rJI) a aKo ro I{Ma, To e rroJre3HoTo; aTOBA HOCI{ IIO-MAJIKO YAOBOJTCTBUE N E IIO.MAJIKO TIPII'THO.6. VgonolcrBr,re r,rgBJrr,tqaMe or 4efinocrra B Hacrorrrlero,HaAexAara sa 6tgeulero r.r c[oMeHa 3a uusa"noro. Haft_roJrrluo yAoBoJrcrBrle e roBa, KoeTo e cBbp3aHo c ,qefiHocr_ra(28),

'r cbrrlo raKa e u nrc6uuo. lI rni,3a rosr,r, *ofro

e r.{3Bbprrrur 6.naroqexH}re, ocraBa AeJroro (eaqoro npeK_pacuoro e [bJrrorpafiuo), a 3a noryqunun lnarogenHuerroJre3Horo e Mr,rMoJreruo. W cnoMeHbr ga rrpeKpacHlrre[eJra e npHqTeH, a 3a [OJryqeHnTe rroJre3HH Herqa _ cbBceMHe, I4JIrr B nO-MaJrKa cTeneH; a npn oqaKBaHeTO U3rJre)KAae nporr4BorroJro)KHo. 7I no-sararbK, o6HqaHeTo nprrrr,IqaHa r,rsBbpruBaHe Ha Herrlo, a 4a 6tgeur o6nqan - Ha rroHacq_ne(29). Bnpouerr re3[, KoHTo npeBbsxoxgaT c orJreA HanocrbrlKara, rll cblrr,TcrBa I,I caMoro o6r.r.raHe, Id nplrcb_rqnre Ha npr,rflTeJrcrnoro Herqa. 7. I/I ou1e, c TpylHocnrcTaHaJrLITe Hella oT BCHqKU Ca O6HqaHr{ [oBeqe, KaKTOTe3II, KOIITO Ca ClleqervJtv ilapuTe cv, ru IIeHgT IIOBeqe,orKoJrKoro npugo6u"unre rr{ no HacnelcrBo. CMqra ce, qenoJryqaBauero Ha 6naro4exHr,re He e rpy,qHo, a [paBeHerona 6rarogefi,Hue - TpyIHo. flopagn reiu npnuniu u vrafi-xnre o6nqar AeIIara rroBeqe, garqoro pa)KAaHero e rro_MbrtHo r,t oqe noHexe no-4o6pe 3Ha.sT, qe,qerlaTa ca TexHIr.A rosa cblrloro r{3rJrex,qa, qe n Ha HgBt,prrrBalrll,rte 6laro_,qe.sHrre e nplrcbrrlo.

TJIABA OCMA

-Wua cnop cr,uo TaKa AaJru qoBeK rpx6na ga o6uua

ce6e cu Haft-nanpex, illu HrKoro apyr"rollO). VnperrarTe3lr, KOI,tro o6uqat Haft-MHOTO Ce6e cu I,I KarO HeIrIorlopoqHo rll Hapl{qaT ce6enrc6usu, v ce cMrTa, qe Jrorrlr{rTnpaBr,r Bcr{qKr{ Herrla 3apaAr4 ce6e cu,'r,r KoJrKoTo e no_rropoqeH, roJrKoBa R no-roJrsMa crerren [ru nparu]. 3aronaHero ro ynpeKBaT 3a TOBa, qe He npaBlr Htrruo, KoeTo He errorresHo sa Hero,(31); a go6pvnr - sapagu npeKpacHoro r.rKoJrKoro e no-go6tp, B ToJrKoBa no-rorqMa creneH, I,r ro garrpr{flTerr.fl [npanu raxa], a ce6e cn npeHe6perna. 2. HoqaKTHTe ca B npornBopeqne c resu rBr,p4eHlr.fi - I/L He 6esocHoBaHue. 3arqoro KasBar, ve rpr6na naft-rranoro qa 6l4e

<r6uqan ro3lr, xoftro e B Hafi-roJrflMa cTeneH nputren(32'5,a npHrreJl e s Hafi-ronrMa cTeneH To3r.{, xoftro xenaeftxu6lara, )KeJrae 6rarara 3apaAr,r cawufl qoBeK, Aopri r,r Hr,IKoftJla He Hayqn [sa rona]. rlosercT Haft-Beqe Kr,M caMl{.n ce6eclr lrMa raSH HarJraca, KaKTo n BcI4qKH ocTaHaJrr{ qepTH, rloKolrro ce onpegeJrr [pnrrenqr. floHexe, KaKTo ce Ka-ra(33), BcuqKrr qeprn Ha ilputreJlcrBoro rlo orHolueHldeHa caMu.fl ce6e cv, ce pa3fipocrpaH.flBar ]I KT'M lpyrnre. I4llCllqKI4 IIOTOBOpKI4 KaSBaT eAHO I{ CT'IIIO, KaKTO Hanp}rMep,,eAHa [yMa [r,rMar npnj{TeJr}rre]tt, r,r ,,Heu1ata Ha npnflTe-JIIITe Ca O6IqUtt, }I ,,paBeHcrBoro e npItJ{TeJIcrBo", n ,rKo-rflHoro e no-6nlrso [o rpaceqa (34)".3aqoro BcItrIKI4 Te3I4Herrla ca y Hero Hafi-Beqe KbM ce6e cu, rroHe)Ke Haft-prHoroua ce6e cn BceKla e npl{trer u tpx6na nafi-uHoro ce6e cH

Aa o6uqa. EcrecrseHo, rrlg uua xone6aHHe Koe or [BereMHeHr,rr [a ce cJIe,4Ba, cJIe[ KaTo ]t ABeTe ]IMaT [3BecTHOocHoBaHHe. 3. C.negorareJlHo, Mo)Ke 6ra rpx6na Aa 6tAarpa3rpaHnqeHr,r raKnBa paScb)KAe'dl,'.fl vt [a ce onpeleJr]I H

AOKOJIKO, td KaK BCffKO OT T.ffX U3pa3qBa I'1ICTVT'JLTA. TaXa qeaxo pas6epeM no KaKbB HalruH BcsKo or rflx oilpeEeJrtce6elrc6nero, Mo)Ke 6n n1e craHe .flcHo. 4. W rsft, Te3rr,Kor,rro Karo yKop ro ornpaBrr, Hapliqar ce6elrc6nrlr xopa-Ta, Kolrro ga ce6e crd pasnpeAeJrrr no-roJltMa qacr orrI apl{Te, [oqecTuTe I,I TeJr ecHHT e I'acr a,uv; MHo3 I,I HcrBoToce crpeMn HMeHHo krM raxnsa Heula, H ce crapae ga rflxKaro rre ca Hafi-eHclf.tvr, vt SatoBa r{ 3a Trx BoAtT 6urxuHacrbpBeHo. A xopa, Kot4To ca aJrqHu 3a re3H HeIrIa, ceorAaBar Ha xeJraHlrflTa v ngo6ulo Ha cTpacTlrre, I,I HaHepa3yMnara qacr Ha Eyrxara. A raxfisa ca MHo3IlHcrBOToor xopara. 11 orryx e fipor,rsJrrsJro Hal{MeHosaHnero [ce-6earo6xe] - ilopagn ToBa, qe MHo3rdHcrBoro xopa ca Jrorlu.IUI c npano ce ornpaBff yKop KbM xopara, KolITo ca ce6eJlIo-6nnn no raKT,B Haqr{H. 5. Tara qe He e He.gcHo, 3auloMHo3I,IHcrBoro e cBHKHaJro [a Hapnqa ce6enro6fisl{ Te3u,Korrro sa ce6e cH pa3npeAeJrsr ropelocoqeHl4Te 6lara.Axo ssxoft BuHarr/r ce crpeMu Haft-prsoro or BcI,IqKrr AaH3BbprrrBa cnpaBeAJrlrBrr frocTr'nKu, uilvt 6laropaeyrrHn,LrJrrl KaKBHTo H Aa 6r,r.no gpyrl4 or oHe3H, Konro ca B

cborBercrBlre c go6pogereJrra, r,I Nso6rqo Br,rHarI4 s ce6ecn Aa sana3Ba rrpeKpacnoro, ro Hurofi se 6u Ka3aJr, qe toft

210 2rt

APUCTOTEA

e ce6erro6rrB, Hr.rro 6u ro ynpeKBaJr. 6. Taxts qosex 6uMorbJr Aa r,rgrJrex4a ce6elrc6ns s no-roJl.flMa cTerreH, rro-He)Ke pasrrpeAeJrr sa ce6e cu Haft-npeKpacHr,rre u safi.-BncrrruTe 6rara v cnyxv na Haft-rlaBHoro s ce6e cv u ce[oArrr.rHtBa Ha Hgro B'r,B BcrKo orHorueHne. I4 xarro 4np-xaBaTa r{ BcrKa Apyra opraHr,r3HpaHa cr{cTeMa H3rJre)KAa,qe [peAcraBJrrBar rrpeAHMHo Hafr-rflaBHara cBoq qacr,TaKa e r,r npx uorera(35); cJreuoBarenno ce6elto6usus,T eHaft-seqe qoBeK, rofito o6raqa ra3r,r qacr or ce6e cu ucJryxu Ha Her. A ntsgrpxarufln H HeBb3Abp)KaHr4rr ceHapnrlaT B 3aBUCLIMOCT OT TOBa AaJII,I y Tflx BJIaAee yMbT,vtJrvr rle, KaTo qe Jrr4 BceKn oT Hac e npelr,rMHo cBofl ylol.. Itrr.rgrJre)KAa, qe xopara r{3BbprrrBar caMH H go6ponolHo nafi-Beqe Herrlara, B Koriro yqacrBa pagyMbr. W ysit, rle BceKlre ra3u cBot qacr ItJIlr rroHe s Haft-rorsMa creneH, He eHercHo, r,r cbrrlo, ue go6pnar Haft-se.re Heq o6uqa. 3arosaHafi-seqe rofi rye 6rge xapeuen ce6elrc6nn n cpaBneHr{e capytun Br,rA - To3r{ Ha noAJroxeHHq Ha yKop, u ce pa3ruqa-Ba oT Hero AOToJIKOBa, AOKOJIKOTO lKnBeeHeTO CbrJracHopa3yMa ce pa3JrHqaBa oT xr,rBeeHeTo cnopeA cTpacTTa, Lt

crpeMe)Kbr xtu 6laro - or crpeMexa KbM ToBa, Koerc)raslJrexga [oJre3no. 7. Bcuqr.u npa3HaBar r,r xBaJrrr re3n,Koriro s oco6eno roJrr{Ma creneH ce cTpeMqr KT,M npeKpa-cHH rrocrt,nxu. Aro BcuqKr,r ce HaArrpeBapBar K6M rrpeKpa-cHoro r,r rroJrarar ycvJrufl [a ]r3Bbprrrear xaft-npeKpacHunocrr,nKpr n o6n1ecruoro, 3a Bcr,trtKu 3aeAno [rqe urnra]o6rqo 6naro r,r ga BceKr,rro JIHqHo 3a Hero cav.vfl. rrle uMaHafi-roleuu 6nara, AoKoJrKoro go6pogereJrra e raKaBa.Cregosare"nno, 4o6poAereJrHr4flT rpr6ra Aa 6sAe ce6e.nrc-6r.rr. 3auloro lr3Bbprrrnair.xw [peKpacHr,r nocrbrrKr,r, n roftcali.{Idfl,T rrle r{Ma rroJr3a, r,r 3a Apyrr,rre rroJr3a rqe Aonpr,rHece.A uopounraflT He rpa6ra [4a 6tge ce6enro6ns]- floue:reIrIe HaBpeAv v Ha ce6e cu, n Ha oKoJrnfiTe, rroArrnlc.fl,PailtKvtce Ha Jrorxn crpacrr,r" 8. flefic:rnr,rreJrHo, y nopoqHrrfl He caB CT,3ByqHe HeIIIaTa, KOHTO rpr6ra4a rlpaBr,r r4 Tesn, KoHTorrpaBr,r; a go6puar - Konro Herrla rpn6sa, Tsx rrpaBr,r" floHe-)Ke BCeKn yrvr us6rnpa ea ce6e cH ToBa, KoeTo e uafi-go6po-ro, a 4o6pnflT ce no4qvr,eBa Ha yMa. 9. Bnpouerra BrpHo esa go6ponoprAbqHHr orqe n [rona], qe Bbpuru MHoro Herrla3apaAn [pnrTeJrr,rTe r,r sapaAH poAr{HaTa, 14 AOpr{ aKO nOT-

ENfiTN HL,IKOMAXOBA ETIIKA. KHUTA IX IiiTTffiN

pn6ea, yMr,rpa; 3aIIIoro 6ra npeue6perHaJI H rrapHTe, u noqe-crure, n nso6u1o cuJIHo )KenaHltre 6lara, 3arIa3BafiKI,I 3ace6e cu rpeKpacHoro. Toft ro-cKopo 6u us6pat 3a KparKoAa I43IIHTa CHJIHO yAOBOJICTBI€' OTKOJIKOTO AT'JIrO BpeMe'no cna6o(36),u aa )KHBee e,4Ha ro,quHa go6pe, orKoJlKoroMHOIO rOA[HI,l KaKTO Ce CJIyqU, I4 Aa HSBT'pIXll e,U,Ha IIpeK-pacHa frocTblrKa, Ho roJlflMa, OTKoJIKOTO MHOIO Ha 6pofi,Ho MaJrKlr. Bepontxo roBa craBa vt c re3n, KoHTo yMLIpar3a [pyrrlTe - te us6Npar roBa, Koero 3a rflx e BeJrHKo I4

rrpeKpacHo. 7I napnte re 6uxa pa3ilI,IJIeJIH, aKo or roBa[p[ItreJII{Te HM lqe floryrlar rloBeqe. floHexe no ro3l'lHaqLrH 3a rrprrsreJlr ca napl{T e, a 3a Apytvtfl [go6pouopagl-unnxl - npeKpacHoro. TaKa qe rlo-roJltMoro 6aaro toftonpeAerq sa ce6e cn. 10. IzI uo ornollreHue Ha rloqecrl{Ten BJracrra HeroBlrflT HaqHH e cr'ullltr. 3auloto BclIqKI'lTegI,I HeIrIa ue ocraBI,I Ha rlpu'lreiln, rsit Karo rrMeHHoToBa 3a Hero e npeKpacuo n [ocr:ofino 3a noxBaJIa. Ec:rec-TBeHO, r{3rJre)K,4a, ue go6ponoptAT,rlHnt{T e qoBeK, xofirouz6upa HpancrBeHo npeKpacHoro npe,{ BcItqKIa Apyrld He-ula. Ho Br,3Mo)KHo e Aa flpelocraBI,t u InpexpacHn] nocrl-rrKr,I Ha rrpr,rffTeJlf, KaTo e [o-flpeKpaceH 3aToBa, qe IcTaHaJI [pHtII4Ha Aa rI,I I43BT,pm]r [pntTeJIsT' a He Tofi CAM

ua rn e r,r3BbpIlL{JI. 11. CneuosareJlHo BbB BcIttIKn [ocrofi-Hr,I 3a noxBaJra HeIrIa go6ponoprIT,tIHI,IflT, KaKTO Ce BI',IXEa,ga ce6e cr{ oTpe)Kna roJrflMa qacr or npeKpacHoro. W rtit,KaKTo 6e[re ragano, rpn6na rro ro3H HaqnH ga 6lge ce6e-JIIo6I,IB, a He KaKTo MHo3LIHcrBoro.

TJIABA AEBETA

Ho n ea qacrJrHBnfi(37) ce cropu, Aarv ce Hyxlae orrrpr.rffTeJrr,r_, wilvlr.e. Ka3nat, qe cbBceM ne tpx6aar [pnflTe-Ir,r Ha xopaTa, KolrTo ca qaCTJII{BLI I,I InMaT sa ce6e cplBclrrrKo seo6xoAIapro, 3alqoro y rtx I,tMa BcI,IqKn 6tara. I[-rrfi, nouexe ca AoBoJIHrr, HtMar HyxAa or HIanIo AonbJr-Hr,rreJrHo, a ilpvrrelrflT rlonexe e rpyro ,,a:"(38) npeAoc-TaB.fl Herqara, KoI4To qoBeK He Moxe Aa nMa or calvrnq ce6eCH, OTKTTA9TO :

,,Koraro HH e [aAeHo 6oxecrseHo qacrue,3a KaKBo rpn6aar npHflTeJII,ITe?" (39)

212 213

API,ICTOTEA

2. Ho usrne)Kga crpaHno, aKo ce npI,I3HaBar Ha lrlacrrnauflBCr/rqKI,r 6nara, a He My ce AaBar rlpuqrerH, 3a Kol,lro cecMqra, qe ca Haft-suc[Iero or BbHIIrHI,Ire 6nara. 7I aro nanpI,ItTeJIt e npI{cT,IqO B IIO-loJIflMa CTeneH 4a nlpmu gO6-po, orKoJrKoro Aa noJlyqaBa, LI aKo Ha [o6poAereJlHI1I.g I'I Hago6pogereJrra - Aa IIpaBIt 6laro4esuvfl, vr LKo e [o-Ao6peAa ce BbplxaT rlpeKpacHI,I HetIIa 3a np[tTeJIHTe' oTKoJIKOTO3a qyxgure, ro go6po[optrAbt{HHtr Irre I4Ma Hy)KAa orTaKlrBa, Kor,rTo Aa ilpl4eMaT HarIpaBeHoTo oT uero go6po.3arosa ce rrura ,qaJII,I nplltreln tpx6nar rroBeqe B-nlacrll-eTo, orKoJrKoTo B HelrlacTuflTa,3alrloro l'I Koraro H.flrofi e

HerrlacreH, Tbpcu xopa, Kouro Aa My HanpaBrIT 6laro4e;r-IJI/g V oHe3H, KolITo ca qacrJlI{BI,I, T'bpcflT TaKuBa, Kol',tro

Aa npneMar or rtx 6narogexHne. 3. Ho Moxe 6u nsrne>rgaHeyMecrHo cblrro H ,qa HanpaBl,rm 6Jra)KeHI,Ifl caMoren- Tannroft ue 6n u:6pa.n Aa I4Ma BcLIqKH 6lara sa ce6e cv, vt AL)KnBee cavr. flonexe qoBeKbt e o6rqecrBeHo [clulecr-no](a0) il ro npnpo4a e cb3Aa[eH 3a cr'BMecreH xusot. AToBa e raKa I{ y ulacrJlt4Bltff; Salrloro toft raua 6lara ornplrpo,qara. A scno e, qe no-[o6pe ce npeKapBar ,qHnre3aegHo c [pnflTeJIH rI xopa, Kol,tro ca go6pu, orKoJtKoro crryxAI,I u Clyvaftnu. crelosarerHo, HyxHI4 ca npH-flTeJII4

Ha rrracrJll{sng.4. IL rr,ir, KaKBo ucKar Aa Ka)Kar rltpBH-re(41) [rora:ro cMflTar, qe qacrJIHBLrtr qoBeK He cely)K-Aae or npraxreru] H [oKoJIKo roBoptr ucrusara? ,{a.nunoHe)Ke MHo3HHcTBOTO CMtTaT 3a npl,lflTeJll{ noJIe3HHTexopa? Ho rorara 6raxeHnqr He Irre ce Hy)KAae or Hl,rKoroor rsx, rrft xaro taua 6larara s ce6e cll, H HUKaK HtMa HJIIIB MaJTKA CTeneH rrle ce HyxAae or llputreJlu 3a yAoBOJrcT-sue. noHexe caMn.flT My xl,IBor e yIoBoJIcrBI{e I4I He ce.-

Hyx,4ae or BHeceHo orBbH y,4oBoJlcrBue. A ro3l{' xofiroHsMa Hyxla or raKnBa npHtTeJII,l, r{SrJlexAa, qe H.flMa

Hy)KEa ot [uuxarnn] npnxtelu. 5. Ho roBa ctBceM He eBflpuo. B naqaroro(A\ 6eure rasaHo' qe -ilIacruero e.HflKaKBa lefinocr , a e scHo, ue gefiHoc'rra BbSHI'tKBa v cepa3BHBa, a He cbrrlecTByBa B Hac Karo HtKaKBa rlpHAo6us-xa. A aKo [a 6rqeur uacrJIHB e roBa Aa )KI.IBeeur H Aa4ericmyn4rrr, Lr aKo 4eftnoctta Ha go6pogereJlHnq e go6po-noprAbqHa I{ caMa no ce6e cI,I Hoclt yAoBoJIcrBue, KaKTo ceKa3a B nauaroro(43\, u aKo poAcrBeuoro e erno or Hoce-

rrrnTe yAoBoJIcrBlle HeIIra, a Mo)KeM Aa na6nto,4asaMe Hafi-6rugKl,rre oKoJIo Hac rloBeqe, orKoJIKoro caMHTe ce6e cu,I,I T9XHI'IT9 IIOCTT,ilKH IIOB9qe''OTKOJIKOTO CBOI'IT9' TO nOC-

TbrrKlITe Ha re3lt, KolITo ca npI'IflTeJIu, 6n rpn6BaJro Aa canpnrtHn sa go6polereJlHl{Te - tlti Karo tt y [BaMara ceHaMlrpar HeIIIara, KoI,ITo no ilpnpo[a ca npuqrHn. CleAo-nard;rHo,6raxeHuqr u1e ce Hyxgae or raKuBa npHtreJIH'aKo g9--K4 [a ua6nro[ana go6pu u npucblrll4 Ha Hero caMI'IflrrocrbnKn; a raKIiBa ca nocrbnKl'ITe Ha go6pogererrnfl'roftro e npHflTeJI. Cvrqta ce' qe 'rpx6na qacrJlI'tBltflT Aaxl{Bee [prrffTHo. Taxa ue, 3a caMorHrlKa )KHBorbr e MbqI{-TeJreH, 3arrloTo He e JIecHo HerlpeKr,cHato [vonex] na ler-crByBa caM, a 3aeAHo c ApyrI'ITe lI 3a Apyrure, e necuo. 6'IzI :rbrana,qeficr:sfiero, Koero e rrpnflTHo caMo no ce6e cu,nre 6rge npoAbJIxI4TeJIHo' a raKa u rpx6na ga 6rge y6raxesur: rIoHe)Ke 4o6ponoprAbqHIT ,ar' crropeA MflpKaraHa cBoflTa lo6ponopagbtlHocr' ce HacJIaxAaBa Ha nocrbrl-Kr.rre, KolITo ca cro6pasHn Ha go6pogeteJlTa' a ne ogo6pn-Ba oHe3I,t, KoIrTo ce n3BbplIIBar rlopaAlr llopoqHocr' KaKToMy3r,rKanTbr ce HacJIaxAaBa Ha xy6arute MeJIoAHlt' a ce

lr3Mt'qBa or JIoIIIITe. 7. Ho ce noflBtBa u Hetqo KaroynpaxneHl,Ie n go6poAereJlTa o'r cr'BMecrHll.fl xllBor cgobpoger"rHuTe; xarto Ka3Ba u Teorurug(44) --nouexe Ha

Te3H, qr,Iero pa3rJlexAaHe e [o-npupoAocr'o6pasHo, HM

H3rJrexga, ue go6ponopflrbqHrrr or upllpoAara e rro[Tu-KBaH Aa uzlupa go6pouopagbqeu npI'ItreJI. A raga ce, qe

6naroro, roeio e raKoBa no lrpupoga, sa go6ponoptAbq-Hufl e 6naro lI yAoBoJrcrBI{e caMo no ce6e cu(45).

-3aulotoxuBeeHero 3a xuBorHllTe ce onpeAeJlg no cnoco6nocrraga yder(-ar,3a xopara, o6aqe - no cnoco6Hocrra Aa ycelrlarutvr Aa MI,IcJItr; a cnoco6Hocrra e cKJIoHHa Aa ce ilpoflBtBas [efrcrspre(46). A ulaBHoro B xnrora ce cbcrot'l n geftc-T.Frreso" Al rrfi, lI3rJIexAa, qe xl'IBeeHero e rraBHo B ToBa

Aa yceqam vnu Aa MI,IcJIllur. Xnneenero ce orHact KbM6na"ata lI yAoBoJIcrBuflTa, Kollro ca raKI'IBa cauu no ce6ec*r. Sarqoro e onpeAeJleno c rpauuqu' a HeIrIo' Koero e

orreJreuo c rpaHlrlltt, npuHaAJIe)KI{ Ha rlpl4poAara s,a 6la-roro. A tora, Koero no uprapoga e 6naro, n sa 4o6pna e

TaKoBa. 3atosa I,IMeHHo H3rJIe)K,qa' rle Ha BCHqKI'I e llpng-ruo. 8. Ho ne rpn6sa Aa pa3rJlexgaMe ryK Jlorunt I4

2t4 2r5

pa3pylrreHr,t.ff xr4BoT, HIITO TO3lt B CTpa[aHr,lr; noHexe He e ,

olpe[eJreH c rpaHr.tqu TaKbB )KnBOT, KaKTO r4 HHKOe OTHaMHpaqHTe ce B Hero Herrla. Tosa ue cTaHe rro_flcHo n0_HaTaTbK rrpr4 oTHacflrrlr,rTe ce Ao cTpalaHlreTo Her\a(47). g.Aro cavnsr xt{Bor e 6laro 14 yAoBoJrcrBr,re (a,o

"e "nx4aL OT TOBa, qe BCI,ITIKH Ce CTpeMflT Kt,M HefO, n naft_neqeAo6pHTe u 6laxeuure, 3auIOTo 3a rflx xHBoTbr e Hafi-Aoc'ToeH sa ur6upaue u TexHr{rT )KnBoT e uaft-6la:ren), axofito BHxAa, yceqa ,qe BH)KAa, r,r KoftTo qyBa, yceqa, u"

. qyBa, n xofiro BbpBr,r - tre BbpBr,t, v npu Bcr,rqKr,r Apyrn HerrlaIIo cT,rrl]tt HalruH HMa HeIqO, KOeTO yceqa, ve ggftcrryn4._

. Me, TaKa qe IIo To3H Har{ilH yceuaMe, qe yceuaMe r{paa6uparrae, ue pas6upaMe; a [u uy"rtuo ue n iasluDaMe -ToBa e 4a,,cMe". 3auloro 6a.rnero (td etvct) osrauu"a gaqyBcTBaUI VIH

^A MHCJTHI]; a Aa qyBcTBalI, qe )KHBeeUI e OT

Heqara, Kor,rro ca npnllrHn cauu no ce6e cn. flonexe)KHBoTbr e 6laro no npnpo[a, a Ia yceuaMe, qe HMaMerosa 6aaro y ce6e cv, e npuflTHo; a nbK ,qa xr,rBeeur enpegMer na zs6op Hafi-seqe sa go6po4ereJrHtlTe, rtfi xaro6raruero e 3a rflx 6.naro lr y,qoBoJrcTBrre, 3aqoro Te ce-__.HacJIa)K[aBar, Koraro qyBcrBar n ce6e cn 6.rraro:ro, Koero :e raKoBa caMo rro ce6e cu. 10. Ho xakro 6e orHac,4o6po_noprAbrrHll.rr Kr,M ce6e cu, TaKa - r,t KbM np:/.flTel/rfl; gatuo_To npnrreJrflT e Apyro ,,ag,,i y rtfi, raKto BceKH ut6upa sace6e cu .qa cbrrlecreyna (td etvcr), raxa [ras6r.rpa]'ra :anpvflTeflfl,, r,urr,t roqT}l cbrlloTo. A Xenae cbIIIecTByBaHeTOll_opaAr.r

rryBcrBoro 3 a cBoqra co 6crseHa 4o6poger:eJr Hocr.I4rosa qyBcTBo e nprlflTHo caMo rro ce6e cpr.'Crr"go"arel_Ho, rpr6aa ra ce qyBcTByBa, qe 14 npr4flTeJrnr cbrrlecrByqa,a roBa craBa B )KH_BeeHero 3aeAHo r,r o6rqynanero qpe3peqTa r4 MI{CbJrTa. KagsaftrH TOBa, CMrTaT, qe xr,rBeeHeToSaeAHO e npHCl,II|O 3a xopaTa, a He 3a xHBoTHHTe, KOITOuacaT Ha eAHo I,r cbrrlo M.flcro. A aro ga 6la:reHu s, lnrneroe ue6upaeuro caMo no ce6e cu,f,upefrrcra 6.naro no nplrpogarr yAoBoJrcrryre, H aKo rroqru TaKa e n 6uruero Ha npurre_Jrfl, TO U npn.flTerqT rrle e oT HerrlaTa, sacJryxaBarqu ne6op.Tora, Koero 3a Hero e ua6upaeuo, ro nueHHo rpt6ra gauy..6rge_ra pasnoJro)KeHr,re, uHalre B ToBa [orrbureHue]tofi rqe 6tge ny:rgaerq ce. Clegonarenno rbeN, rofiro eqac:rJrr,rB, rqe HMa Hy)K,qa or 4o6ponopfl.qbrrHH npurreJru.

HUKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA. KHUTA IX

TJIABA AECETA

M raxa, galn rpa6n a p,a ce cr,3AaBar rloBeqe npl'If reJIllHJrrr KaKTO rrpu rocronpueMcrBoro ld3rJIe)KAa npaB}IJIHo Aaco Kaxe:

,,Huro noceqaBaH or MHoro rocrlt,Hr,rro HerIpHeMaIrl rocrn"(48),

)\arrv v B nplrrreJlcrBoro ure 6r,qe go6pe qoBeK ,qa 6r'[elluro [crrcerra] 6es rpvrrrerv, HHTo rrbK c I'I3BbHperHoMHoro npunrenu? 2- l(srnexAa, qe KasaHoro HarrbJIHoilpnJrfra 3a np[tTeJIcTBaTa SapaAIt rIoJI3aTa; rroHexe 3aMHO3HHa e TpyAHo Aa BbpHaT BcI,ItIKl,I ycJlyrn n TexHI4,flT

xnBor IIM e HelocrarbrreH, 3a Aa HanpaBflT ToBa. 3arqoto'1'Br'pAe roJreMfitr 6pofi npralreJllr, Kol,tro He ca rIoJIeSHH 3a

co6crBeHtrt HII xI,IBor, ca I,I3JII,IIIHu H npeqar ,{a ce )KHBee

,r1o6pe. ClegoaateJlHo He rpx6na ,4a 6ltrar AorycKaHu'r'oJrKoBa. 14 uarxo na 6poft xopa ca Aocrarbr{HIt B Hacoqe-Hnre KbM y,qoBoJrcrBI,rn Iupuarelcrna], KaKTo noAnpaBKa-'r'a B xpaHara. 3. Ho lalu 4o6ponoplAr'tlHuTe rpa6na ga6rsgar Hafi-rvmoro no 6pofi HJILI uMa HflKaKBa vr-apa n 6poaHa nplrrTeJrr4Te, KaKTO 6pOrr Ha rpa)KAaHHTe B AT,p)KABH-'re? Ta HaJrH or Aecer Aylrrn He craBa Abp)KaBa, a I{ Kolaroxopara ca ,qeceT xvltfl.Evl, ToBa cblllo oIIIe He. e Abp)Ka-na(49). O6aqe Mo)Ke 6u 6ponr He e onpeneJreuo qucJro, ac TaKbB, KaKbBTO Ce TIOMeCTBa B H.fiKaKBI4 Helqa' KonTouMar rpaHlr\u. ln Muo)KecrBoro Ha [pIrflTeJILITe IaMa rpa-Hlrqu, H Mo)Ke 6u safi-runoto rqe 6t,4ar re3ll, c Kourouqroft 6n uorrn Aa )KI,IBee 3aeAHo; 3ailIoro 6eure rloKa3a-Ho, qe roBa e nail-npnctrlo 3a ilplr.nreJlcrBoro(50). 4.O6aqe He e HetcHo, qe He e Bb3Moxl{o tIoBeK Aa )KI,IBee3aeAno c MHo3r.rHa H Aa pa3npexerfl ce6e cu Me)KAy rsx. I/Iorqe, Te rpr6na Aa 6rlar u noMe)KAy cl{ [putreJll,r, aKo IrIe'r'pa6ra Bcr,rqKu 3aegHo eAHIt c lpyrH Aa npeKapBar [Hl'ITe.A rosa e rpy[Ho ,qa craHe, KoraTo ca MHo3I,IHa. 5. I4 cMHO3r,rHa [a ce palBarrr SaeAHo, Id Aa crpaAalrr 3aeAHo, e'r'pyAno Aa ce ocblqecrBl,r, KaKTo rpa6na. Ecrecrseno e AacbBrragHerrr c eAr,rH B t{3nnTBaHero Ha crpr6 3aeAHo, a c/(pyr - B r,t3[?rrBaHeTo Ha pa,qocr 3aeAHo. caeAoratelno,Moxe 6u e npaaNJrHo He Aa ucKaIIr Aa InMaIrI MHoro ilpvrfl'

2r6 2r7

APl,ICTOTEN

TeJIn, a TOJIKOBa, KOJIKOTO Ca AOCTaTbqHn 3a xI,IBeeHg3aeAHo; HO He n3rJIe)K[a Bb3MO)KHO H,flKOft Aa r,rMa c MHo.3I{Ha Hafi-CHJTHO [pttgTeJIcTBO. 3arosa u He Mo)Ke qoBeK Aace BJIIO6U B MHOsnHa; 3aIrIoTO Ce XeJrae Aa HMa H.SKaKBOnpeBb3xolcTBo B rIpr4J{TeJTCTBOTO, a TOBa e HaCOtIeHO CaMOKI'M eAnH qOBeK, H BJT1068aHeTO TBbple cr,tJrHo e Hacor{eHoKbM MaaqHP.a. 6. Kagasoro H3rJre)KAa ce rroTBbp)KAaBa uor Apyru Qarru . Ta HaJrn MHoro na 6pofi xopa He craBarnpr{.flTeJrr{ B ApyrapcKo [pnrreJrcrBo, a ce Bb3xBaJrxnar(51)B rrecHr{ np}rrrencrBara Mexgy ABaMa. Tesn, Kor,tro HMarMHoro [pntreJrn I{ c Bcr,rqKu ce orHactr Karo 6nusru,H3rJIeXAa Ha HnKOTO He Ca npH.RTeJrH, OCBeH Ha Te3I4, CKoHTo o6qyrat Karo cr,rpaxAaHr,r r{ ga rtx KagBar, qeyroAHnqar. Cae,qonarenHo o6qysaftxu r(aro cbrpax.qa-Hr,IH, qoBeK Mo)Ke Ha MHo3HHa ga 6tge [pI,IflTeJr I,I [a He eyroAHHK, a geficrrnreJrHo ga e go6tp. Ho c Muogr,rHaflpu.srercrBo 3apaAr,r go6pogereJrra r{ 3apa[n rrx caMr.rre,HqMa, a [ro] xeJrae, Id aKo MaJrrU,rHa TaKr,rBa HaMepr,I, Tpt-6na Aa ce palBa.

IJIABA EA}TIIAAECETA

Ho galn B rrlacrue rpa6ra Aa prMaMe noBeqe [pr,rflTeJrlr,r,rJrlr B Herqacrue? 3arqoro re ca r6pcelan u B,4Bara cryqat.HerqacrHr,lre taMar Hyx4a or noMorrl a qacrJrHBHTe - Aaxr{BeflT 3aeAHo c HqKoro, ga [a My npaBflT go6po, r.IoHexe)KeJrarr Aa Bbprrrar 4o6po. W rlit, no-Heo6xoAltMlr ca BHerrlacrurra, 3arrloro ToraBa nu rpn6nar noJregHu npwn-TeJrrr, a B rrlacTuero [aa HMarrr npnxrenu] e no-npeKpa-cno.3arona r.r rbpcrr ,qo6pr,rre, 3arrloro Ha Tqx ila ce fipaBrr6larogeauus, tr c Tflx [a ce )KrrBee e no-Aocroeu ns6bp. 2.A u cauor:o npuct crBr,re Ha nprrrreJrlrre e rrp]rrrHo I,r Blllacrne, r{ B HerrIacTVnTA; tr,ft xaro KoraTo [pntTeJrl{TecnoAeJrrr MbKara, crpaAarrlr,rre I{gnl,rrBa:r o6lexqeHne.3arosa w usroft Moxe Aa 3anr{Ta AaJrr{ Te Karo qe orHeMaroT T.SX qaCT OT MbKaTa HJII{ Hr,rqo TaKoBa He CTaBa, HO nbKTrxHoro rrpr,rcbcrBne, ttoHexe e flpurrHo, w pazdupanero,npaBl'r MbKara rro-MaJrKa. Ho galu nopagn TegH npHrrI,IH[uJrH lopaAlr Herrlo Apyro ce qyBcrBar o6aexqenff, rrlg ocra-BUM HacTpasa. Bce naK ffcHo e, qe cTaBa ToBa, 3a KOeTO

HI{KOMAXOBA ETl,lKA - KHIjFA lX

foBopr,rxMe. 3. Ho lt3rJre)KAa, qe nplrcbcrBHero e HqKaKBacMec: caMoTo rJreAaHe Ha npu.RTeJIlITe e flputrHo, oco6eHo3il ro3I,I, KofiTo e B Helrlacrve) vl roBa cTaBa H.ffKaKBanoAKpena nporr,rB cxpr6ra - trfi raro nplIrITeJIflT ycnoKo-lBa H c rrorJreA, H c AyMa, aKo e cnoco6eH sa roBa. llone>re3Hae xapaKTepa Ha [pyrus I,I Ha KaKBH Heqa roft ce HacJIa-xlaBa, u or KaKBLT cxrp6n. 4. O6aqe Hocll MbKa cb3HaHIl-c'ro, qe [pr,rflTeJrffT cTpaAa 3apa[u HaIuI4Te co6ctneHu ue-ulacTufl, a BceKn Hg6trsa Aa 6t,ue fipuql{Ha sa cxpl6 ylrpnflTeJrlrTe. 3arosa I,IMeHHO MbXecrBeHI{Te rlo cBoqTalrpnpoAa xopa ce ilpeurasBaT oT cbcTpaAaHueTo Ha rlpllff-'t'eJII,ITe Kt,M TflX CaMrtTe, OCBeH aKO TOBa He npepacHe B

Gesrpuxne, roft [urxecrBeHntr] ue nouac.r MbKara, Ko-flTO e npnqlrHHJr Ha Tflx, vt I,I3o6qo He [onycKa Aa ce llraqe3aeAHO C HerO IIOpalu ToBa, qe u roft caMvAT He e nraqrt,IB- )K€HHqKI,IT€ Lr TaKI,IBa ivrlxe Ce pa,qBaT Ha Bb3AHIIIaIIIllTe3aeAHo c rqx H rH o6llqar Karo nptlrreJrl{ l,I crpaAailu3aegHo c rqx. Ho qcHo e, qe BT,B BcIiqKI,I Helqa'rpx6na ga ce[oApaxaBa na uo-g,o6pus.5. A npuctctB]Iero Ha nplltre-Jrr,rre B qacrr,rero Hocld He caMo [pHflTHo npeKapBaHe HaRpeMeTo, Ho r,r cbSHaHfiero, qe Te u3II{TBAT yAOBOJICTBI4e

or Harrrure co6crneHla 6rara. 3arona It3rJIexAa, ve rpn6naoxoTHo Aa ce BI{KaT rIp}IflTeJIHTe npe3 BpeMe Ha lrlacTHe,3arrloro e rrpeKpacHo ,qa ce npaBflT 6larogessvfl; a llpesBpeMe Ha Herrlacrn'' - Aa, He ce 6lpsa c roBa, rIoHe)Kerpa6ra Bb3Mo)KHo saft-pralro Heqacrltl{ ,qa ce npeAaBarHa [pntTeJlnTe, orKbleTo e I{ :

,r,{octatruHo e, qe ag cbM HeIIIacreH."(52)[zI safi-ugoro rpx6na Aa ce BItKar, Koraro Morar, cJIeAKaro ca 6uru o6egnoKoeHu, c MaJrKo MbKa 3a rtx [a H]Irrog[oMorHar MHoro. 6.M o6parHo: Mo)Ke 6n e yuecrHo AaoruBaMe rrpr{ HerrlacrHr,rTe 6es ga cMe BI,IKaHI4 I,r c roroB-nocr (rrft Karo npllcblrlo e Ha npn.sreJlt Aa [paBH go6po,u naft-nrpno Ha re3r4, Kor,rro ca B Hy)K,qa, I4 AopI{ u 6es re[a ca vsvrcKBaJrr,r; 3arrloro u 3a ABaMara e no-Ao6po u no-upnxrHo), a rrpe3 BpeMe Ha lqacrl{e c roroBHoct ga ct,4efi-crna (rrft Karo 14 npr4 rrracrltero HMa Hyx,4a or npI4flTeJII,t),a Koraro [oryqaBaMe 6narogeaHue - rpx6na ne 6rpso,3arrloro ne e 4o6pe qoBeK c oxora Aa ce crpeMl{ Aa IroJIyqE6.narogennne. Ho Moxe 6u rpn6na ga ce uz6xrBa rrpeAqy-

218 219

4iI API,ICTOTEN EffiBCTBIeTO 3a HenpHfl3l,H OT TOBa, qe oT6rbcKBaMe 6raro.AeflHHero r,rM. f[oHe)Ke rroHflKora raKa cTaBa. Cle4onare"u.HO flBHO e, qe IIpHCITCTBI,IeTO Ha nprttTeJrHTe BbB BCSKOBpeMe e xeJraHo.

TJIABA ABAHAAECETA

Bnpovervr uaJru KaKTo sa srIo6eHHTe rJregaHero e H&ft.nplIqTHO I4 TOBa qyBcTBo tIpeAIIOqItTaT IIOBeqe oT OCT&Hfl.JIIdTe, rIOHe)Ke B Hero Haf,-Beqe ce cT,cTotr lt oT Hero'Br,3Hr{KBa rlo6oBTa, TaKa n 3a [pr,rflTeJr[rTe e Haft-npeAno.qr.rTaHo )KnBeeHeTo 3aeAHO? 3aqoro [pnflTeJrcTBoTo eo6[IHocr, r{ KaKTo rroBeK ce orHacfl KbM-ce6e ct4, TaKa yl

KbM npr.rflTers. A 3a Hac caMr,tTe qyBcTBoTo, qe cbrrlecTBy-BaMe, e )KeJraHO H CJTeAOBaTeJTHO r,t 3a flpu_flTerq [xpaHI,tMTOBa qyBcTBOl. 3a npurTeJrrrTe AeftHocrra e B )Kr4BeeHeTo3aeAHO, TaKa qe ecTecTBeHO KT,M HerO Ce CTpeMsT.2.lAsKOeTO fi \A e Herrlo Aa e 6r,rTr,reTo Ha BceKr,r vlrv gapaavtKaKBOTO r,r Aa npe[[oqr,rTa xHBeeHeTo, B HefO )KeJratT Aa[peKapaT )Kr{BOTa CV C l].pufrTeJruTe. 3aroea eAHr4 nr,IrT3ae[Ho, ApyrH r{rparT Ha 3apoBe 3aeIHO, a Apytu _ 3aelHoyqacTBaT B JroB HJrH SaeAHo ce 3aHr,rMaBaT c or.rJrocoovs, uBCuqKI,l npeKapBaT saeAHo AHLITe Cr,r B TOBa, KOeTO HMeHHOo6nqar Hafi-Mgoro or BcHtrKH Herrla B xr,rBoTa; ucxaft,xu gaxuBeflT SaeAHO C rrpHfTeJrHTe, npaBrT TaKHBa Herrla uB3eMaT yqacTHe B TaKI,IBa HeUa, B KOHTO CM.flTaT, qe ce3aKrIOqaBa ,Aa xHBeelr 3aeAHo... 3. ClegonareJlHo, [pU-rTeJrcTBoTo Ha JrOrurTe cTaBa rropoqHo. 3aqoro Te 3aeAHoyqacrBar B Jrortru Heua, n 6ngefr,rc.u HenocroflHHn, craBarfroporrHlt, 3afipr,urr.rrrBafixu egnn Ha lpyr. A upurrencTBo-To Ha go6pnre e ntJrHo c 4o6pora, u gopn HapacTBa qpego6rqynaxero, n ce cMrra, ue [xopara] iraear no-Ao6bu,raro geftcrByBaT H ce no[paBrr BgaHMHo eAHr,r lpyru - Tecu nolpilKaBaT eAHrA Ha [pyrH B HeqaTa, KOr,rTO UM Ce

W HUKOMAXOBAETUKA - KHHTAX

KHI{TA X

TJIABA NbPBA

Cneg rona, Moxe 6u, ygonorcrBr,rero(L) e roBa, KbMKoero rpff6Ba [a npeMr4uerra(2). I4srrerrga, qe ro B Hafi-roJrr{Ma creneH e rrpncbrrlo Ha Harrrrrr rroBe[rKr,I poA. 3aro-lua c yAoBoJrcTBlre I,I cTpa[aHHe cH cJryxaT B npoqeca HaBbSnl,traHl{ero Ha MJIalI4Te. I4 ce cNrqra, ure Hail-cbrrlecr-BeHO 3a eTr{qecKaTa Ao6poAeTeJr e Aa ce paABaru Ha Her4a-'ra, Ha Kolrro rpx6na, Lr Aa Mpagrn[r re3H, Ko]rro rpr6na. TeIr:esn xauecrna] npogbJrxaBar npeg ItreJII,It xtlBor, uv,tfi-Kr4 Te)Kecr u rrsgeftcrBpre Bbpxy qacrJrlrBrtfl :rnnor; rrftKaro xopara us6upar npurrHr.rre Herr{a, a ns6rrsar crpa-[aHlrrra. 2. Karro ]r3rJrerKAa, Te3H Herrla HnKaK ne tpr6nala ce ocraBqt 6eg BHI,IMaHHe, oule noBetle, qe ga rtx I,IMaMHoro cilopoBe. EgHr,r(3) Hapriqar yAoBoJrcrBlrero 6Jraro,gpyru(4), o6parHo, HanbJIHo 3JIo, or rtx eAHure Moxe 6u6ugetrtxu y6egexn, qe raKa crorr Herrlara, a ApyrI{Te -cu.arafiru, qe sa Halrrlrff xlrBor e uo-go6pe Aa noKa3BaMe,qe yAoBoJlcrBlrero e eAHo or Jro[rl,tTe Herqa, Aopu n aKoToBa He e raKa. flonexe MHosr,rHa ca cKJToHHH KbM yloBoJr-crBr.r.f, u urvr po6yraT, u saroBa rp.a6na K5M npoTr,rBonoJro-)KHoro Aa BbpBrr. flo rogu HaqHH rrle AocrlrrHar cpe[uHa-'ra. 3. Ho Moxe 6ra e uenpaBlrJrHo Aa ce rBbpgra rona. TrftKaTO AyMlrTe 3a HeIIIaTa, CBl,psAHlI Cl,C CTpaCTHTe I{ ilOC-TbrrKI,ITe, ca no-MaJlxo y6egureJIHLI or caMrrre AeJra; ilrt,fi, xoraro lrMa pa3MHHaBaHe MexAy AyMuTe rr ToBa,KOeTO CbC CeTr,rBaTA CH B53npr,reMar"re, npene6perBaT [y-MI{Te U yHHIIIOXaBaT, OCBeH TOBa, I{ ICTI,IHHOTO B TtX.3aqoro axo o6parHo Ha roBa, Ha Koero yuu [4pyrnre],yKopfiBarqurT yloBoJrcTBr{eTo H.flKora ce orKJroHU KbMyAOBOJICTBI4e' Iqe CMtTaT 3a Hefor qe e CKJIOHOH KT,M BCTKOyAoBoJrcrBr,re; noHexe MHo3xHcrBoro He e cnoco6no Aapa3rpanr,rqaBa Heulara. 4. CneloBareJruo, ncrnnnr,rre ny-MU Ca Haft-noJreSHlt, HO He CaMO 3a nOSHaHI4eTO, A H 3AxnBora, rrft raro cborBeTcrBar Ha AeJr ara, a re ca y6egu-TeJrHH,3aroBa pas6nparqnre )KnBerr cto6paeno c rsx. HoAOCTaTTTqHO 3a TOBa; HeKa IIpITCTbnIIM KbM Onpefie[elfnfl;'ra, [aleHll 3a yAoBoJrcrBlrero.

HpaBtT, OTKbAeTO:

_ _:,Or 4o6pure - go6pr,r Herqa."(53)4-Wrt i.t, HeKa roJrKora 6rge Ka3aHoro 3a nplrrreJrcrBoro;IIO-HaTaTT'K HeKa IIpeMI{HeM KbM yAOBOJrcfBr.reTO.

220 221

API,{CTOTEA

IJIABA BTOPA

M rnfi, Engorc(S) e cMrraJr, qe y4oBoJrcrBr,rero e 6.na-roTo, IIopa[I,I ToBa? r{e BuxIaMe, qe BcI,IqKlI ce cTpeMtTKbM Hero - I,I nprrTexaBarrlr,rTe, ]r Herrp[rTe)KaBarlluTe pa-3yM CT'rIIeCrra. 3arqo:ro BT,B BcHqKr,r Helqa npeA[oqHTaHoe go6poro, u ro nafi-roJrflMoro. W rr'fi,, Kr,M eAHo r,r cbuoBCI4TIKO )KTIBO CE CTPEMI,I, KATO IIE JII' HMEHHO TO 3A BCI4qKIIe nafi-upexpacuoro(6) 6raro. flonexe BceKu orKpHBa Koee roBa, Koero e 6raroro ga Hero, KaKTo H xpaHara cI4, To,cJIeloBargJlHo roBa, Koero e 6raro ga BcHqKlit I,I KT,M KoeroBcnrrKrl ce crpeMrr, e Br,rc[rero 6naro. Ha resu r.ay ayrrnra(7)ce BrpBa rroBeqe saparlr erlrqecKara My go6po4erer,orKoJrKoro gapagl,r caMure ux - gauloro roft Ha Bcr,IqKI,II4srJreXAarUe, qe e [3Br,HpeAHo 6naropasyMeH r.r He KaToo6uuaul yAoBoJrcrBrr.flTa HgrJrexlaure, qe Ka3Ba re3u He-rg&, & rrouexe ca geficrnureJrHo raxa.2. [Engorc] cMrra-rue, lre IIo apryMeHT oT rrpoTHBHoro roBa cTaBa He IIo-MaJrKo rcHo: rrft xaro aKo crpagaHrleTo Karo raKoBarpr6ra ga ce u:6nrBa or BcHqKfi, To rrporr,rBorroJro)KHoro ega ce uz6upa or Bcl,rrrKu. Ho n uafi-ronrMa crerreH xeJraHoe roBa, Koero *rs6npaue He 3apaAlr seuo Apyro, Hr,rro B

r{Mero Ha Apyro. Eescnopno raKoBa Herrlo e yAoBoJrcrBr,re-TO; [OHe)Ke Hr,rKOrO He rr]rrar SapaAr,r KaKBo H3nr,ITBa yAo-BoJrcrBr,re, rrfr raro 3apaAlr caMoro Hero [xopara] ro us6w-par.14, Karo ro upn6annu KbM Koero v ilae Apyro 6laro,To craBa oqe [o-[ocrofiso sa ns6npane, KaKTo HanpnMepAa rrocrbnBaru cnpaBe,qJrr,rBo lr Aa 6rAeru 6naropaeyMeH -6raroro HapacrBa caMo qpes 6naro(8). 3.IrLuerne)KAa, qeToBa rlMeHHo pa3cbx[eHr4e pasKpnBa yAoBoJrcrBuero(9)Karo Herrlo B Kpbra Ha 6narara, vt r.vtKLK He noBeqe 6naroor HeIrIo Apyro. 3arqoro Bc.flKo 6naro, cBbp3aHo c Apyro6naron e no-npelnoqr,rraHo, orKoJtKoro aKo e ocraBeHocaMo. C rosa roKasareJrcrBo lr fliraroH(10) o6rnxra, ueyIoBoJrcrBr,rero He e Bncrrrero 6naro. flouexe rro-fipe4rro-III/ITaH e XHBOT C yIOBOJICTBU9 IIJIIOC pA3CbAJII4BOCT, OT-KoJrKoro 6es ntoporo, a aKo cMeceHo e no-Ao6pe, royAoBoJrcrBr,rero He e Bucrrre 6laro. Ttfi raro 6er uuulo gae npn6aneHo KbM Hero, ToBa 6.naro tqe 6tge no-)KeJraHo sa

222223

ur6upaHe. Ho rcno e, qe He 6n uorno Aa e Bllcrrre 6laroncuro Apyro, Koero gaeAHo c HtKoe ot 6.narara' KolITot,llr.not no ie6e cu ca raKI{Ba, craBa no-xeJlaHo sa ur6op- 4.(lre[ouateJlHo Koe HeIrIo, B Koero n HI'Ie yqacrBaMe' e'r'ilrosa? 3au1oto u Hue raKoBa I'IMeHHo rbpcl'IM [ryx]. A'lc3H, KOttTO Ce [pOTI4BOIIOCTaBflTT KaTO TBl'pMTt qe e

6naro roBa, KbM Koero BclrqKH ce crpeMtr' Te HI{Irro He

Ka3Bar. 3arqoto KagBaMe, qe ro e roBar Koero Ha BclIqKIrugrJrexAa raKoBa. Koftto orxBlpJlff TaKbB AoBoA' cbBceMltc no-y6egureJlHrI HeIrIa KasBa. Bnpoveu, aKo caMo JIldlrre-

lrr{Te or cb3HaH}Ie ce crpeMflT KbM T.flx [yAononctnunraf,KA3aHOTo 6U UUalo HtKaKbB cMI'lcbJI, Ho aKo I',I paSyMHIrrecc cTpeMflT, KaKbB cMI4CrJI UMa oT Te3I'I pa3cbxqe*tnn?Mox6 6uwy no-HI,I3IrIHTe HMa HtKaKBo ecrecrBeHo 6naro,ilo-Bltcllre oT Ttrx caMI,ITe KaTo raKHBa, Koero ce cTpeM]tKtrM CbOTBerCTBaqo Ha Hero 6laro- 5- Ho He u3rJlexAa/locrarbqHo no6pe roBa, Koero [o6opnarqute EnAorc] ro-llopflT no apryMeHT Ha rlpoTltBonoJloxHoro: Te He,Ka3Bar'qe aKo crparaHl,rero e 3JIo, To yloBoJlcrBl'Iero e 6naro, nSJTOTO rrpoTI,tBOcToH Ha SJIor lI ABeTe - Ha ToBa' KoeTo He e

Hnro elHoro, I{l,ITo Apyroro. Tosa He e JIoI[o KasaHo' Ho

Rce naK KasaHlITe Helrra He ca vcrvtnrvt. 3arqoro aKo I't

/(Bere [y4ono.rrcrnuero ]I crpa4aHlreto] eguaxno _ce orHa-cnr rrrrr sJroro, 6n rpx6nano I4 ABere Aa 6lAar 4g6ntsa[uiu o6parxo: aKo u ABere He ca Hlrro 6.naro, HI{To SJro' To }rJrllHr.rro elHoro, Hl,rro Apyroro ne tpr6aa ga ce ue6xrBa' uJrlrr! eAHaKBa rrarpa rpxcBa ,4a ce ng6srnat I4 ABeTe; Ho cecM.sra, qe e[HH ug6srsat crpaAan]rero Karo sJIo, a [pyruus6npar yAoBoJlcrBnero Karo 6laro, TaKa qe' cJleloBa-'r'eJrHo, Te ca [poTHBonoJIoxHI,I.

TJIABA TPETA

Pas6upa ce, aKo yAoBoJtcrBl,Iero He e HpaBcrBeHo Kaqe-crBo, To He cJIeABa, qe He e B Kpbra Ha 6.narata. 3arqotosnro AefiHnre rlpoflBlt na go6pogereJlTa ca KaqecrBa' HI'lrorrlacrlrero. 2. Ho KasBar, 'Ie braroro lIMa onpeAeJIeHI{rpaHr,rqfi, a yAoBoJIcrBl,Iero e HeorpaHl{seHo, noHexe .qo-[ycKa ,,tloBe.Iett n ,rro-MaJlrott. CneAoBareJIHo, aKo 3a'r'oBa cblqr rro lr3nHTBaHero Ha yAoBoJIcrBI'Iero, IIIe 6tAe

HT,IKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHUTA X

cbrrtroTo r{ 3a cnpaBe4JrnBOCTTa r.r Apyrr{Te lo6poAeTeJrrrr.uo oTHorrreHne Ha Kolrro o6ocHoBaHo Ka3BaT, ue 4eficrna-ITIHTe cro6pasHo ux [xopa] npr{Te)KaBar rroBeqe r.rJr}r rro_MaJrKo or rrx. ffosexe xopara ca cnpaBeAJrlrBrr rroBeqe[eqnH or gpyr], t,t cMeJr]r, u rrocrbrrBaT clpaBegJrr{Bo H ca6naropasyr*aHrn troBeqe r,uru rro-Manxo. A s" ygororr"TB]re-TO CbBCeM He nocoqBaT [pHrtnHaTa, aKO eAH]r yAoBOJICT-Bufl. ca HecMeceHr,r, a [pyru cMeceHr,t. 3. Ta KaKBo npeqr4KaKTo 3ApaBero, ullaitxu onpegeJreHn rpaHr,tqn, AonycKano-MaJrKo 14 noBeqe, TaKa ri yAoBoJrcrBnero [Aa Aortyc-xa]?(11) ffoHexe He cr,ulecrByBa cbpa3MepHocr BbB BcH-qKH Herrla, HltTo B eIHO r,t cbrrlo. Herqo e Br,rHatr4 eAHa, aHeIIIOTO OCTaBa CbrrloTo, aKo ce [poMeHr4 AO HrKaKBarpaHr,rqa r,r [r nero] ce pa3Jrr{qasa noneqe uJru [o-MaJrKo.Cre4onareJrHo, HeIrIo TaKoBa HMa r,r no orHotleHl,re HayAoBoJrcrBuero. 4. 3arqoro re3r,r, Kouro cM.sraT, qe 6laroe Herr1o 3aBbprrreuo (tdl,eto6), a ABV)KeHr.r^Ta v BbsHr{KBa-uunra(lZ) - He3aBbprrreHvr, ce onnrBar Aa AoKilKar, qeyIoBoJICTBT4eTO e ABU)KeHIte r,r Br,3}rr,rKBage. Ho uSrJre)KAaHenpaBr.rJrHo Aa ce Kaxe TaKa; yAOBOJTCTBTaeTO He e ABr4)Ke-HIie - rtft xato ce cuflTa, qe Ha Bc.fKo ABI,I)KeHI,Ie enpr,rcbrrla 6t psuna r,rrr,r 6asnocr, n aKo He cnopeg caMoroHero - KaKTO ,qBHXeHr{eTO Ha KOCMOCa _ TO CnprMo HerloApyro. Ho_nuro e[Horo or [Bere He e npucbrrlo Ha ygoBon-crBr.rero. 3arqoro Mo)Kerrr Aa rroryrlrirr yAoBoJrcrnr,re 6tp-30, KaKTO V \A Ce pasrueBl,rn, Z \L noryqaBarl ylono.nci-nue [nenpexrcnaro] - He, Hr.rro no orHorrreHue Ha HrKoroApyrHro, AoKaTO Aa BbpBHru, v IL pacTerr, r.t BcurrKI{TaKlrBa Herrla, Mo)Ke_ A ga ce o6ptqaue KbM y,qoBoJrcrBn-ero Moxe 6tpso r.r 6anxo, a 4a geficrBaMe B Hero - KoeroKa3BaMe, qe e Aa n3[r,rTBaMe yAOBOJrCTBr,re, _ He MO]Ke6rpso. 5. I4 no KaKbB HaqnH proxe [ygononcrnnero] na eBbsHr{KBaHe? He BbsHrrKBa KaKBoro u u,a e Herqo or KaK-BOTO I,t la_e HeIrIO, a or KaKBOTO B63HHKHe, Ha Hero cgpa3rraqa. Wrosa,3a Koero , yAoBoJrcTBHero e Bt,3HlrKBaHe,3a Hero crpaAaHr.rero e yHlrrqoxeHr{e. 6. \o6annr oue, qecTpaAaHr.reTo e ruficaTa Ha Herqo u3r,rcKBaHo OT npnpoAa-Ta, a ygoBoJrcrBr,rero - r,r3rrr,JrBaHero [c nero]. A rona caHeIrIa, Kor,rro TflJroro rt3nurBa. ClegonareJrHo, aKo HgnbJI-BaHeTO Ha HeITIO nplponocboTBeTHo e yIoBoJrcTBHe, TO

224 l5 225

TOBa, B KOeTO e Lr3nbJIBaHeTO, TO ilOJryqaBa yAOBOJICTBTde;cJreAoBareJrHo roBa e rgJroro. Ho ne e raKoBa o6ulonpue-ToTo cxBarqane. CnegoBareJrHo yAoBoJrcrBuero He e n3-rrbJrBaHe, a rroBeK noJlyqaBa yAoBoJIcTBI,Ie, KoraTo ce noJly-qaBa r,rg[brBaHe, r.r crpaAa rrpn orHeMase. A roBa MHeHlrer,r3rJrexAa ce e cb3AaJIo oT cTpalaHr,rero u yAoBoJrcrBr,reTo,cBbp3aHr4 c xpaHaTa : Te3r,r, KoHTo ca ce Hy)KAaeirr,r oTxpaHa r{ ca cTpa[aJIH [peAr.I ToBa, [rocJre H3nuTBaT yAoBoJr-cTBr4e oT ilSrrr,JrBaHeTo. 7. Ho ToBa He ce cJryrrBa [pr4BcurrKr,r yAoBoJrcrBus. flonexe Jrr4rrcBa crpaAaHHe Ha y[o-BOJICI|BUeTO, CBbp3aHO C MareMarHKara n C qyBCTBATA, vt

Ha re3H, KOHTO Ce rroJryqaBar or o6onqHlrero, cJryrrraHero,MHOTOTO rJreAKU, CrrOMeHrrre, HaIeXAHTe. BnpOUevr resUr{MeHHo Ha KaKBo 6uxa 6unu Bb3Hr,rKBaHus? Ta [npra rnx]He e I,IMaJIO JIlIfICa, 3a KO.flTO Aa BT,3HI,IKI{e I{3IIbJIBa}Ie. 8.Hqxoft 6u orrosoplrr(l3) Ha resr,r, Kor,rro r,rsrr,KBar KaroAOBO[ y,qOBOJTCTB]rqTa, KOHTO 3aCJry)KaBaT yKOp, qe TaKIlBayAoBoJrcrBrafl, He ca yAoBoJrcrBv!fl,. flose:re aKo ca y,qoBoJr-crBI,It 3a xopa, KoHTo ca c JIolIu cKJIoHHocrI4 , He Mo)Ke nace cMflTa, qe cbull,rTe HetIIa ca yAoBoJrcTBvrfl, 3a ApyrH,ocBeH 3a r.flx - KaKTo sa 6orHus He ca TaKr,rBa 3ApaBocJro-BHr{Te, I{JII{ CJIaAKHT9) I,'JTVI rOpqI,IBI,ITe HeIrIa, HI4TO rrbK CaTaKuBa Heluara, Kor{To H3rJre)K4ar 6ern na xopara c 6olrrnoqu.9.Wluno ro3r{ HaquH 6u ce orasaJro, qe yAoBoJrcrB}I-tTa Ca )KeJIaHI{, HO CaMO npOLI3JIH3auIIlTe OT OnpeAeJIeHnHer{a, KaKTo ga 6rgeflr 6orar, Ho He 6rarogapeHrde HanpeAareJrcrBo, r4 ga 6rgeru 3ApaB, Ho He Karo rlerJr KaKBo-TO il ,qa e. 7O.ILnu yAoBoJrcrBvrflTa ce pa3JruqaBar rlo BI,IA -eEHr,r ca Te3r,r, Kor,rTo rrpolr3Jru3aT o" rrpeKpacHr,r Herrla, aApyrH - oT rro3opHU, v He Mo)Ke Aa rIoJlyqI,I yAoBoJIcTBI,Ie oTHerqo cnpaBe,qJrr4Bo qoBeK, roftro He e clpaBeAJrr.IB, HrrToyAoBoJrcrBHe or My3r,rKara qoBeK, xofiro He e My3I,IKanaT, vt

no cbrrlr,r.rr Haqr,ru 3a [pyruTe Herrla. 11. I4srne)KAa, qelpr,r.flTeJrrT, KofiTo e pa3JIHqeH oT JIacKareJrr, rroKa3Ba, qeyAoBoJrcrBlaffTa ct pa3Jrr,rqHr,l rro Br,r[. EAuH r,r3rJre)KIa, qeo6nlyra c orJreg sa 6raroro, a Apyr - 3aparu yloBoJrcrBue,r,r Kl,M eAVrIlI,Ifr Ce oTnpaBffT yKopn, a apyrnflT-rroryqaBaIIOXBaJIII, C OTJI€A Ha qeJII'rTe My Kl,M pa3II4tIHH OT T93I,I HaApyrvfl Herla. '1,2. IrLrtuxoit se 6u us6par Aa )Kr{Bee, uuaia-I<r.r Mncbr Ha Aere npeg IIeJIx.ff crl xlrrBor, AopH I4 Koraro

ffiriE;ijsr API,ICTOTEA EililxIll

*rroJryqaBar B Hafi-rorffMaTa BT'3MoxHa creneH; Hr.rro IIbKAa ce paABa, Karo rrpaBr.r Herrlo oT Hafi-nosopHlrTe HetIIa,AopI,I n HI,tKora Aa He [orytln crpaAaHne. I4 crulo B MuoroHerqa 6rxue BJraraJrlr cBor,rre ycuJrvlfl,'Aoprt u re Aa HeHogrr HtrKaKBo yAoBoJrcrBr{e, KaKTo HanpHMep rJIeAaHe-To, crroMHflHero, Aa HMailr sHaHI{e }I Ao6poAeretu.l[. HsMasHaqeHr,re AaJrLr ilo seo6xoArEuocr yAoBoJIcrBl{ero cJIeABaor regr,r Herqa; KbM Trx 6uxue ce crpeMI,IJII,I, Aopt{ I,I Aa Hece nopo[n or rrx y4oBorlcrBue(15). L3. CnelosareJlno,H3rJrex[a flcHo, qe Hr.rro y[oBoJrcrBlrero e 6naro, HHTo qeBcflKo y[oBoJrcrBne e AocrofiHo sa u:6npaHe, u qe HMaH.flKolr qocrofinu sa ue6upaue [ynononcruwxfcanan no ce6ecu, pa3Jll{qanarqn ce no Br,rA HJrr,r no cBoff I,I3ToqHI,Ix.Wrsit,HeKa e rocrarbqHo obqcHeHoro [oryK 3a Helrlara, Ka3aHItoT Apyrn no oTHorueHlre Ha y,qoBoJrcTBI,IeTo lt cTpaAaHI{e-TO.

. IJIABA IIETBbPTA

Ho rarso e y,qoBoJrcrnr{e H KaKBU ca Kaqecrrara My,IIle craHe no-ffcHo, aKo SanoqHeM orHoBo oT Harraro-ro(16). CNrqra ce, qe 3peHr.rero s rofiro v Ea e MoMeHT ecbBlprneHo, rrft Karo He ce HyxAae or Hr,lqo, Koero cJrelToBa Aa ro HarpaBlr saBrpIrreHo rro nu4,(17). Ha tosaIIpHJu,rqa fi yAoBoJrcrBr{ero; 3arrloTo e HflKaKBo qflJro H B

KaKbBTO r{ [a e MaJrbK nep]roA or BpeMe He Bb3HI,IKBaynoBoJrcrBr,re, Koero cbc cBoflTa upolbnx*rtenHocr 6raycbBbprueHcrBaJro HeroBHfi xapaKTep. 2. 3arosa [ylosor-ctruer:o] He e ABr{)Kexue. 3aqoro BcrKo ABHxeHr,re e BbBBpeMero u e [uacoueno] rrur HrKaKBa rleJr, KaKTo Harrpu-Mep Kbrrlara e SaBbprueHa, Kofaro e HarrPaBeHo roBa, KbMKOeTO Ca Ce CTpeMVrJwr, T.e. 3a TIflJIOTO BpeMe

'1lilLt B Orrpe-

AeJreH MoMeHT. A.s qacrnte Ha BpeMero BcurrKr,r [4rn:xe-nrax] ca He3aBbprrreHn r,r ce pa3Jrr,rqaBar rro Br,rA or rlrJroror,r noMe)KAy cn. floHexe cr6npauero Ha KaMbHure e pas-JrlrrlHo ot uspa6orBaHero Ha KaHeJIIopHTe Ha KoJroHara, aTesH ABere - or cb3AaBauero Ha xpaMa. VI AsuxeHnero HaxpaMa e 3aBbprrreHo; 3arrloTo He ce Hy)KAae oT HHIIIo, KoeToe 6nro npeABapureJrHo onpe[eJrer{o. A Asr,rxeHnero Ha

226 227

tllyngar.aenra u rpI,IrJIuQae nesanbprueHo' 3alrroro I4 eA,Ho-

'io, u gpyroro, ca qacrlt. Cnegona:reJlHo pa3JIlIqaBar ce rroBvt[,, vt He Moxe B KoeTo v EL e BpeMe [a ce noJIyqH

/lBr{xeHHe, 3aBbpneHo IIo BXA' ocBeH caMo 3a IITJIOTO

npeMe. 3. flo ctuufl EaqIlH e v gL Bt,pBeHero' H 3a ocraHa-rnre HeIrIa: aKo rrpeMecrBaHeTo e ABI'r)KeHne oTH'flKb[eHaH,IKb[e, To H B Hero [IMa pa3rutlHl',I B]IloBe: JIeTeHe'

BbpBeHe, cKaqaHe ra gp- Ho He caMo ro ro3l4 HarrI'IH Ce

pa3rurlaBar, a vI ttpneHero.B caMoro ce6e cu. [vroxe ga

rru purtt"una]: saqoro ,,orillKlAe HaH.flKble* He e e[Hor,r cbrrlo B crall,lfl ]I B HeroBaTa qacT' I'l B Apyra qacT ]I T'H';Hr,rTO rIpeMI,IHaBaHeTo IIpe3 eAHa ]IJII{ [pyra Irultvtfl e eAHo

U CI'UIO' 3aIIIOTO Ce npeM}IHaBa He CaMO JII'IH]IfrTt' A vI

onpe[eJreHo MtcTo B Heff' a TaSI{ nvtlJufr e Ha pa3IuqHorg-cto or oHa3n- 3a g,nllxeHnero ce Ka3a c rotlHocr Ha

Apyro vrxcro(18), Ho HsrJIe)KAa ro He BbB BcqKo BpeMe e

ransprueno, a MHOro ABI'IXeHHfl ca He3aBbpIxeHH H c9

pa3rr,lqaBaT no BHAr aKo ToBar Koero BI'IA1'T neo6pasnna e

,,orHtKbAe HaH.flKbge" - 4. A Bulbr Ha yloBoJlcrBllero e

3aBT'pIrreH B KoeTo 'I

[a e BpeMe- cneAosaTeJlHo tcHo et qe

[ylon o.n crn]Iero ]t AB]I)KeHI'Iero ] ce p a3 Jr I4 q aB ar rloMe'Klycvr, vt qeyloBoJlcrBl{ero e Helqo qtJIOCTHo H 3aBbplleno' ATOBa IIIe craHe flcHo olqe lt oT cJIeAHoro: He e Bb3MOXHOqOBeK Aa peaJII'I3I'Ipa ABU)KeHIde He BT'B BpeMeTO' IOKaTO

,qa floJryqil yAoBoJICTB]Ie - Moxe' H AOpI{ rloBeqe: yIoBOJIC-

TBr,Iero ce AaBa u3I1aJIo B Hacrorlrlllfl MoMeHT' Or tegnHerrla e flcHo H qe He e npaBlTJIHo [a ce roBopH' qe yAoBoJI-

CTBII9TO e ABI'IX9HI{e l/,ill,i. BI'3HIIKBaHe' IIOHeX9.3a TflX

ABere ce Ka3Ba, qe He ca IlpucbulH Ha BCI{aIKI{ Heqa' a caMo

Ha [eJII,IMI,tre lr Ha re3u' KoI'ITo He ca qt{JIocrI'I' flonexeHqMa Bb3HnKBaHe Ha 3peHHeTo' HI',tTO Ha ToqKaTa' HLITO Ha

eAr{Hr.rrlara (povdE, p6vd6og )(19)' u Hl4Koe or rflx He e

HHTO ABIft)KeHUe' HI'ITo e Bb3HlIKBaHe' cneAogareJrHo' I4

y[oBoJlcrBHero He e [toea]; 3alrloro ro e HflKaKso qqro' 5''Bcoro cerraeo(20) gefictnyna rro orHolueHlte Ha oce3aeMo-To, a [egno ierrano] e cinlpureHo' AoKoJIKoro e go6pe

ycrpoeHo sa Bt,3npueMaHe na uaft-4o6poro or cerrrBHoLrenpueuaMeMl{Te HeIrIa. A lraxosa I'IMeHHo }I3rJIe)KAa' tle

" "afi-"eqe cbBbplrreHa:ra Aefisocr.lrI ssv.a pa3JII'IKa Ia ce

Ka)Ke, qe neficrsa cerl'IBoro IIJII'I ToBa, B Koero ro e' Bls

HUKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA - KHI/TA X

BCeKH OTAeJTeH cfiyqa'ir Hafi_[o6pa e AefiHOCTTa Ha TOBa,Koero e Haii-Ao6pe ycrpoeno sa Bbnpr4eMaHe sa Haft_go6poro oT ceTHBHo Bb3npneMaeMr{Te Heqa. W razu geft-Hocr e Haft-crntpureHa u uaft-npurrHa. Bnpouerur'nrnBC.SKO yCeqaHe HMa yAOBOJTCTBUe, CTTITIO KaKTO B MIICI,JITar4 c63epqaHueTo, r,I nafi_ctntp[reHo e nari_npurTHoTo, an afi -c r r rpfir eua e ge ri n ocrr,a n a s ari _a o 6p

" y"'rpo.

" o ro', u

Hafi -go6po BbrrpneMaHe. 6. C"rregoBareJr Ho y,qoBoJrcrBr,reToAOBe)KAa [O 3aBbprueHocr,4eftHOCrra. Ho y40roJrcrBr.reTo,fl SaBbpIrIBa He no cblrllt, HaqI4H, KaKTO OCeSaeMoTO HcaMoro ocegaHl{e, Koraro u ,4Bere ca 4o6poxarrecrBeHa,KaKTO sApaBeTO r{ JreKaptT He no 9!.l,/r:'/- U CT,IIIU HaquH canpltqr,rHa sa roBa n.f,rofi ga 6tge 3ApaB. 7. W raxa, qe rtpnBcrKo yceqaHe ce c63,qaBa ygoBoJrcrBui.e , e,cno. Hanr,rKaSBaMe, qe I,IMa npu.gTHH TJIeAKH H HeUIa, KOLTTO rIyBaMe.-flcHo e orrle, qe xarl-seqe [rona craral, Koraro lt cerr,tBoToe naft-4o6po, lr geficrnyBa Kr,M raxrj npeAMer Ha yceqa_ne. .{oro.nroTo Bb3npr4eMaHoTo H Bb3rrpueMaqoro ca Ta-KUBa, TO Br,rHarr,I u1e I,IMa yAoBoJrCTBLIe, froHexe 6"uaronpu-tTcTBa MOBa, KOeTO HSBbp[rBa, H TOBa, KOeTO r{3nuTBa.8. VgoroncrBnero npaBr,r 4efinocrra 3aBbprueHa He noHe-)Ke B Her ce HaMr,rpa xaro csoficTBo, a noHexe HrKaKBa qeJre [ocTfitHaTa, KaKTO Ha[pr4Mep KpacoTaTa 3a Bb3Mbxa_Jrr,rre. Bnpo.rerra AoKaro pas6upaevroro nJrr{ oce3aeMorocbrrlecrByBar raKura, KaKBltro rpx6na ila ca H orcbxla_1_.j" I'IJII'I cb3epqaBa4oTo cT,qo, rUe HMa yAoBOJrcTBHe BAeT4HOCTTa; IIOHexe noHacr{ruoTo r{ I,rSB6prIIBarrloTo ca cxo_AHI1I Lt IrMaT e,qHo r,t cblrlo oTHOrrreHHe IIOMexAy crr, To eecrecrBeHo Aa ce poAr.r Herrlo TaKoBa, KaKBnro ia re. 9. WTaKa, 3arrlo suroft He H^gtrurBa y,qoBoJrcrBVe HerrpeKbcHa-ro-? Ilanr,r ce yMoprBa? Hnroe or qoBerrKuTe Herrla HeMo)Ke Ia r,r3Bbprrroa ,4eftHocr HenpeKbcHaro. 3arosa HecbrrlecrByBa ra HerrpeKbcHaro yAoBoJrcrBne. 3arqoro rocbrrbrcTBa AefiHocrra. Ho n.sron uerqa AocraB.flT yAoBoJr_crBrre, 6uaeiaxu HoBH, a cJreA ToBa Beqe He e raKa, fiopaAlrToBa HMeHHo: orHaqaJro MHcbJrra e HacoqeHa u geficrnynac Hali-ronxMo HarrpexeHne cnprMo Tflx, KaKTo Hanpr.rMepB3uparqr,rre ce B oqeprarvre, a [ocJre neue 4efino"rru

"e LTaKaBa, a e no--orilycuata. 3aroBa r,I yAoBoJrcrBI{eTo craBa[o-craOo. 10. Ha HqKoro Mo)Ke Aa rrgtJle)KAa, rle Bc[qKrr ce

cTpgMflT Kl,M yIOBOJTCTBT,IeTO, rrft rarO BCHTTKH Ce CTpe-Mrr Aa xI4BeflT. Ho xxsorbr e H.rIKaKBa Aeftnocr H BceKugeftcrryra rro raKr.rBa lraqnHrr r,r B TaKuBa Herrla, Kor.rroTBT,p,qe MHOrO O6nUa, KaKTO HanplrMep My3HKaHTbT qpeScJlyxa - KbM MeJro[Hu, a nrc6ognareJrHr,r.flT qpe3 Mr4cbJrra -B HayqHI,ITe I,ISCJIeABaHUfl., V IIO Cbrrlr,rfl HaqUH BCeKH OTocraHaJrr,rre. W m,it, yAoBoJrcrBr,rero goBexAa Ao 3aB6p-IlreHocr BcHTIKI,I AeftHocrn, L v cauvfl. xltBor, rrpr roftroBcr{qKr,r ce crpeMrr. CneAosareJrHo, ecrecrBeHo e BcHqKH.qa ce crpeMrr KbM y,qoBoJrcTBr,rero. 3auoro To npaBr,r 3aBceKnro )KrrBora cr,BbpLueH, a roft e AocroeH sa us6upaue.1L. A uanra ne6upavre xnBora 3apaAu yAoBoJrcTByrero, ytltvryAoBoJrcTB[eTo - 3apaAr,r X]rBoTa, 3acera ue ocTaBHM Ha-crpaHa. flsHo e, qe regu Heqa ca cBbpgaHvrvIHe ce AorrycKapa3gerqHe. flonexe 6es AeftHocr He ce cb3AaBa yAoBoJrc-TBue' a yAOBOJICTBHeTO nT,K [paBI,I 3aBbpIIIeHa BC.flKa.qeft-HOCT.

IJIABA TIETA

llopagu roBa u3rJre)KAa, qe cbrrlecrByBar pasJrr,rqHnBr{AoBe [ylonono"ncrnue], Kolrro cMflTaMe, qe rtolyqaBar3aBbprrreHocr or Apyr!{ pa3rr,rqHr4 Br,rloBe. ToqHo raxau3rJlexAa, rle e H IIpu ecTecTBeHI,ITe Heutra, u [pn I,I3KycT-BeHO HarrpaBeHr.rTe, KaKTo Haflpr,rMep xrrBoTHr,rTe r,r AbpBe-Tara, v Kaprr,rHara r,r craryrra, H Kbrrlara u npr,r6optr. flocbrrlur Haqr,In I,r pagJrI,rqaBaqnTe ce no Bn,q Aeftsocrn rroJry-qaBaT 3aBbprxeHocT oT pa3JrHqaBarqH ce IIo Br4A yAoBoJrc-TBr,rr. 2. flonexe ce pasruqaBar rro sr,rA AeftHocrnre HaMI'ICbJITA N TE3I,I HA CETI,TBATA, LI BCfr,KA EAHA OT T'X CbIIIOr4Ma pa3Jr HqHr BHAoBe. Cre,qosareJr Ho, TaKr4Ba pag ilrtqvtfl,HMar It y[oBoJrcrBr,rrra, Kordro ilpaBrr resn [na Mr,IcbJrra Hcern n aral,qeft socru 3 aB 6prxeH r,r. floc"n eguoro 6n craH aJrorcHo I{ oT ToBa, qe BcqKo yAoBoJrcTBI{e e TflcHo cB6p3aHoc gefinoctra, Ko.sro ro gaB!,prusa. CborsercrBarrloro Ha4eftnocrra yAoBoJlcrBrie elHoBpeMeHHo fl r,r yroJreMqBa.flosexe re3r,r, KoHTo geficrnynar c y,qoBoJrcrBr{e, no-Ao6-pe npeIIeHtBaT OTAeJTHI4Te HeIIIa n ilO-TOqHo rH I{3BT,pI[-BaT, KaKTO Harrpr,rMep 3eMeMepr,t cTaBaT Te3H, 3a KonToHOcn yAoBoJrcrBr,re [a Meprr seMr r{ pa36r,rpaT no-go6pe

228 229

OTAEJIHI,ITE HEIIIA, U NO C1,TIIH' HAIII4H I4 TIO6I4TEI}ITE HAnoeSnrTa LrJrr,I My3r{KaTa Lr O6uqalllnTe Aa cTporT ce rrocBe_ruaBaT Ha CbOTBeTHOTO AeJro, oT KOeTO IIOJIyqaBaT yAOBOJI-cTBr,re. Vgono.ncrnuATa yleilnqaBar,qeftnbcr:ra,'u'ro"u,Koero yBeJrlrqaBa Herqo, My e lpxcbrrlo. I4 ga pagrnqHraTey.oj"'u, H-erqa ca npucr,ulu pa3JrHqHr,r rro Br,rA [4efinocr:u]. 3.yl ToBa olr craHaJro ou1e [o_flcHo or Qaxta, ue y4ononcr_Br,r.f,Ta, noryqeHu oT e[Hu geftnocru, rrpeqaT na gpyru.Xopara, Kor{To o6n.rar Qleftrata, He Morar [a ce oTga[arHa peqra, KoraTo cJryrxar s.srofi Ia cBr,rpu Ha Qlefira,3arrloTo noJryqaBaT or cJryrxaHero Ha Qneftra ylonolcr_Blre' fro-roflqMo or roBa or 4efiHOCrra, Kotro nsBbprrrBaTB MoMeHTa. Taxa . qe yAoBorcrBuero or cJryrrraHeTo HacBI{peHe [a Qnefira yH[rrqo)KaBa geriHocrra, Korro e Bpeqra. 4. Tosa ce orHacr rro cbrrlu, Haq]rH r,r 3a Apyrr,rregeriHocru, Koraro ruxoft eAHoBpeMeHHo aeficrna u AueHeqa. 3aqoro rro-rrpn.flTHara r.r3Tr4KBa Apyrara, r,r roJrKoBanoBeqe, KoJTKOTO rroBeqe ce pa3JIlrqaBaT lro OTHOrrreHr..re HayAoBoJrCTBr,reTo, [oKaTO CTaHe TaKa, qe Hr.Iuo Aa He CeBbprrrt,t B [pyrara. 3a:rosa Koraro r43ru.rrBa cHJrHo y[oBoJr-cTB[e OT eIHO Herrlo, qoBeK He BbprrrH Hnrqo lpyro, aKOraTo e MaJTKO y,4OBOJICTBUeTO OT etrHO HerIIO, Cg 3aeMaelHoBpeMeHHo H c HrKaKBa lpyra gefinocr; TaKa npaBflTTe3r{, K-o}rTo rpr,r3aT B TeaTpHTe, KOraTo cbcTe3aBarrIHTe ceca cna6n(21). 5. Ho noHe)Ke rpncr,qlrre na geftnocrnTeyAOBOJIcTBHT rn npaBnr nO-npO4T,JrXr4TeJrHra n nO-Xy6anu,a IpytHTe rr{ pa3BaJrrT, TO.flCHO e, qe Te MHOrO Ce pa3Jr}r_qaBar. Henpnctrqnre [yqono.ucrnn.a] npaBrr rrorrrr,r ctbrrlo-To, Koero [ptrcbrrlr.{Te crpaAaHr,r, _ paspymanar 4efinocrz-Te, KaKTO Harrpr.rMep KoraTO 3a H_flKOrO IIncaHeTO e Henpr4_flTHO H Ml,qI{TeJIHO, ga Apyr - CM.gTaHeTO, TO TOraB A 1Al?^iHVI-flT HtMa ,4a nlt[Ie, Apyru.f T _ Hr{Ma p\a cMflTA, noHexe Te3IIgefi nocrn r,rM rrpuquHrBaT cTpaAaHr{e. C.negonarer"o,

"tf_xy AeftHocrure oKa3BaT npoTnBorroJro)KHr.r ntsleficrnnxnprd cb rrlnre y4oBon cr Bvts,

-r4 n pr,r cb rrl HTe crp alaH H;r. flp u -

cbrrln Ha e,qHa geftuocr [ygononcrnufl w crpagauuxf'caTegH, Kor,rro Bb3Hr,tKBar or He, caMa no ce6e cn. A saHeilpucbrrlr4Te Ce Ka3a, qe IIpaB.flT Herrlo [orrTr4. e,qHaKBOcbc crpa4aur,rero - pa3pyrxarar gefiHocrr:a. Ho He noc'brwtfl Haquu. 6. Ttft raro 4efiHocrrrre ce pa3Jrr.rqaBar rro

HUKOMAXOBA ET],{KA - KHL{TA X

,r1o6pora u Jrorrrora, u noHe)Ke eAHH ca uziupanu, Apyru -us6rraaun, a rperu - Hltro eAHoro, HHTo Apyroro, To rroct,IIIuq HaqI,IH CTOflT HeqaTA Lr IIpH yAOBOJTCTBusTA. T'siAKaro nprrcbrrloro Ha BcrKa Aefisoct y,UoBoJrcrBfie e B cbo-'rBercrBrre c Her. Wrrfi, na go6pouopflAbqHara [lefiHocr]yAoBoJrcrruero e 4o6po, a Ha raglr, KoflTo e Jlo[ra, erropoqHo. 3arqoro BJreqeHnrra KbM npeKpacHr.{Te Herrla3acJryxaBar noxBaJra, a KbM uosopHr4Te - yKop. Ho no-npr{cT,trl}r sa ,qefisocTr,rTe ca yloBoJrcTBnflTa, KonTo ca BTflx, orKoJrKoro crpeMe)KuTe. flosexe eAHI,ITe ca or[eJle-Hn r{ no BpeMe, r.r tro npupoAa, a ApyrHTe ca 6.nnsru ,4o4eftnoc:rnre n ca ToJrKoBa onpeleJreHv,qe vrM.a cbMHeHHe,gann gefiHocTTa He e eAHo I,r cr,rrlo Heruo c yAoBoJrcTBr,reTo.7. Bce rraK He r{3rJlexAa, qe ygoBoJrcrBr,rero e Mr,rcbJr r{JruyceqaHe. 3aqo:ro ToBa e a6cyp4Ho. Ho nopagn roBa, qe

[ygononcrrunral He ce orlenxr [or Mr.rcbJrra ]r yceqaHe-ro], sa HflKoI{ Te r{grJrexAar eAHo r,t ct,nlo HeIrIo. Taxa ue,KaKTO ,qeftHocTr,rTe, TaKa ra [yrracrneHl,ITe I,I cerununre]yAoBoJrcrBwfl, ca pasrr.rrrHr.t. 3peunero ce pa3Jrr{qaBa oroce3aHlrero no qncrora(22), Lr cJryxbr u o6oHsnnero - orBKyCa, U nO Cbrqnt Haqr{H ce pa3ILrqaBaT I,I yAoBoJrcTBr.rt-Ta, CBbpgaHI,l C MLICbJITa, KaKTO LI BCI,IqKI,I Te - IIOMeXXy Crl.8. Crrrqta ce, o6aqe, rle Ha BcflKo xuBo c$qecrBo e rrpncb-qo cnequQuqHo sa Hero yAoBoJrcrBne, KaKTo u [cneqr,rQu-uHo] 4eftcrrne. A y,qoBoJrcrBuero e B cborBercrBue cgefinocrr:a. Tona Mo)Ke [a craHe rcHo , Karo ce pa3rJlelaBcflKo noor,[eJrHo. 3arqoro pasrHrrHo e yAoBoJrcrBr,rero saKoH.fl, 3a Kyqero,3a qoBeKa, KaKTo KasBa u Xepaxlur(23),qe 3a MarapeTo cJraMaTa e no-npeA[oqr.ITaHa, oTKoJrKoToSJTaTOTO; 3arqOTO 3a MarapeTaTa xpaHaTa Hoclr noBeqeygonoJrcrB r{e or 3 Jr aroro. 14 r'nia, y,4oBoJr crB vrflT a, np}rclb-rrlr,r Ha pa3JII.IqHItTe no BIIA cl,qecTBa, ce pa3JrI{qaBaT IIoBlaF,, a [yAoeoncrrnnta) Ha eAHaKBnre e ecrecrBeHo Aa6rgar or eAHH r,r cr,rru4 nn4. 9. Ho He MaJrKo ce pa3ruqaBar[yAonorcrnuxra] t,t no oTHorrreHr,re Ha xopara. EAsu ucbIrIH Herrla pasBrI,IrraT eAHr,r, a HocrT cTpaAaHr{e Ha ApyrH,a KouTo 3a eIHH Ca Tbxr{n, 3a Apyrn ca yAoBoJrcTBt4e vnrc6nun. Ctrqoro craBa n c'bc cilaEKHTe Heua - He eAHn r,r

cbr.rtrn rd3rJrextrar raKnBa Ha ro3lr, xofiro nMa rpecKa v Ha3npaBut, Hr,rro nbK TorrJrnHara e eAHa r,r ctlrla sa caa6ufl, n

230231

3a To3lr, KofiTo HMa clrJrHo T.sJro. flo ctrqua Haqr,rH ToBacraBa r,r ts ocraHarnre cryqan. 10. Ho usrrexAa, qe BbBBCHTIKII TaKUBa Cilyqav [p]rcT,cTBa TOBa, KOeTO ]I3rJ,rexAaTaKoBa Ha go6ponopr[r,rrHr.{.fl. Aro e rrpaBHJrHo Aa ce Ka)KeToBa, KaKTo r.r3rJrexAa, u- 4o6poAereJrra e MflpKaTa 3aBcflKo orAeJrHo Herqo, r,r go6pogereJrHurr xaro raxrn(24),To yAoBoJrcTBtzflTa rqe 6r4ar rroKa3Barrlure ce 3a Hero KaToTaKHBa, a tIIe

!vr,y AOcTaBfl y,qOBOJrcTBr,re TOBa, OT KoeTO ceHacJra)K[aBa. w ssl./la HHLIIO qyAHo, aKo Herrlo, KOeTO 3aegrnu e rrporl,tBHo, sa Apyr ce oKa)Ke [pr{flTHo. 3auloroMHoro 4eQopvraqrau u noKBaplr Br,3Hr{KBai y xopara. Tarn-Ba ca He ilpHflTHr{Te Heqa, a caMo Te3H, KOI,ITO CA npufl,r%Lt3a TaKHBa xopa H KOHTO Ca yCTpOeHu rro TaKr,B naqus. 11.vr Tbu, rcHo e, qe 3a Te3I,I, KOT4TO nO o6tqo MHeHUe Carlo3opHH, ne rpx6aa Aa ce Ka3Ba, qe ca yAoBojIcrBl,rq, ocBeH3a pa3BaJreHnre xopa. A or re3H, Kor.tro ce cqr{TaT 3a4t_o6pr,r, KaKBo uru rbe rpx6ra 4u "" au*", lre e .roeeruro?Izfru rosa e ffcuo or geftHocrure? flone)Ke yAoBoJr crBuflTacJre,qBar rax. ClegoBareJrHo, aailvr ea*a rlru rroBeqe carrpucbrrll,rTe Ha cbBT,prrreHu' U 6laxen rr,rtx [gefinoctn]?Bce nar 3a yAoBoJrcrr,uflTa,KoHTo npHAaBar 3aBT,prueHocrHa re3r,I 4eftuocrz, e npaBuJIHo.qa ce Kaxe, qe ca ncrulc-KlrTe yAoBoJrCTBnr, npncbrrlu Ha qoBeKa, a ocTaHaJrr4Te caHa BTOpO MtcTo tI [o_He3HaquTeJIHIr, KaKBI,ITO Ca cboTBe_THHTe Eefinocrn.

Cleg xaro 6e xagano sa 4o6po4eTeJrHTe, npu.flTeJrcTBa-Ta U y,{oBoJtCTBvsTa, OCTaBaAa npeMHHeM I{ KbM cT,rrIUO-

:1ll "" rrlacrr.rero (ebDctpovic), rrft Karo eMrrarltq treT;.".e rtreJrra Ha BcrlqKH rroBerrrKrr 4eficrena(26). florrapnfixuKasaHHTe rrlt-Igpe Herrla, pa,scbxgeHr,rero Hr.t rqe 6tle no-crerHaro. 2. KasaxMe, ub [rqacrnerol ," ;;p";;;;;;KaqecrBo, [oHe)Ke [6u ro nuano] u sa roelr, xoliro rrpo"rr"_Ba IleJrHt cI,I XHBOT, I4 3a )KlIBeerIIId' )KITBOTa cu KaTOpacTeHHrra , n sa ro3N, Xoftro e Ilpexnsqr Hafi-roJreMl{Heruacru.a(27). Arco Te3Lr Heura He ce HpaBrr, a no_cKoDoTp.ffoBa ga errge cMrraHo sa HrKaKBa 4eftHocr, *u*ro ,io.rope 6eure raeaHo(28), a or seiino"r"il ;;;;;"; ;Jo.J_

TJIABA IIIBCTA

232 233

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETI,,IKA . KHT,,IFA X

ItrlMH r,r ca gocrofiult 3a I,I36op sap-agl,t Apyru HeIIra' a Apyrpl- 3apaA[ CaMIlTe. T.'IX; TO

'CHO e, qe IIIaCTHeTO rp.a6ra ga

6rge npuvucJreHo K-FM gocrofisrare sa us6upaxe caMI'I iloce6e cr+" r,r.He KbM Te3It, KoI,ITo ca 3apaArr Hetllo Apyro;3aqoro rrlacrueTo He ce Hyx-Eae or Hlltqo,. sa g,a 6lgecaMoAocrarr,tIHo. 3. ,{ocroftnu sa ue 6upaHe 3apaAI'I ctMIt-'te Tflx ca Te3lI, oT KoHTo He ce TbpcH Hlrtqo ocBeH AellHo-c'rra. I43rJIexIa, qe raKI,IBa ca nocrbnKnre cr,o6pa3Hoito6po,lglerra.3arloro npaBeHero Ha rpeKpacHH I{ go6puHerrla e or Helllara, gocroilHn :a us6op Sapa[u caMlrTe rlIx.lzl paeueueHHflTa ca raKI,IBa. Halll rlx na6apar He sapaAl't

/(pyrn [6.rrara], noHe)Ke or rflx noBeqe BpeAa rroJryqaBar'OTKOJTKOTO rIOJI3a, Karo He ce rpI{)KaT 3a TeJIaTa I',I I4MyIrIe-crBara cra. A MHo3I,IHa or re3u, KoI4To ca cMtraHI4 3a

rqacrJrnBH, npn6xrnat Ao raKHBa HaqHHI't 3a npeKapBaHeHa BpeMero. 3arosa [pI4 TI,IpaHVTe ca 3aql',ITaHu re3u,KOr,rTO Ca OCTpOyMHII B TAKHBa HaqI4Hll Ha rlpeKapBaHe HaIrpeMero, rrft raro KbM TaKInBa ce crpeMflT, a B Tflx re3I'Ixopa ce rroKa3Bar Karo locraBflrr{il y,qoBoJICTBne, a fi'bK'rlrpaHlnre I,!!!4T rryxAa or raKHBa [xopa]- Tara qe ce cMq-'r'a, qe pa3BJreqeHI/.nra ca cbIrIHocTTa Ha uacruero nopaAlr'rOBa' qe npI{TeXaBaUIHTe BJIaCT H MOIT,IIeCTBO B TqXrrpeKapBar BpeMero cu. 4. Ho proxe 6u raxnsa xopa HeMOraT Aa nocJlyxar 3a [oKa3aTeJrcrno [ue -uacTHeTo epasBreqeHne]; nonexe He B rocnoAcrBoro e go6pogerel-TA VilU yMr,T, OT KOI,ITO I4MeHHo [pou3T]rqar go6ponopr-,qb qHr,r re Aefi Hocrl4 ( 29). Axo, 6u4eft ru HeorrltrHl4 B tl t4cra-'ra u Aoctofina ga cso6o4Hnr go6po,qereJl, re upu6xrnar goTeJrecHrITe yAoBoJIcTB]l.fl, To nopaAH ToBa He tpx6na qoBeK

IIa cMsra, qe re3u [yAororcr:nunl ca rro-rrpeArlotlurauu.flosexe r.r AeIIara cMflTar, qe Heu1ara, KolITo 3a r.f,x cauafi-qeuuu, ca Hafi-npeKpacHI,I. Bnpoueu, cbBceM ecrecr-BeHo e pa3II,I[IHI,I HeIIIa Aa I{3rJIexlaT IIeHHI KaKTO 3a

/rerlara H Mb)Kere, TaKa n 3a JIouI{Te u go6pure. 5.I/I'r'nft,KaKTo qecro neqe 6eute rasano(3O), IleHHIrre I,I AocraBt-rqr,rre yAoBoJIcrBI{e-'H-eftIa..ca--Te3I'l' KoLITo ca raKuBa 3a

4o6ponopxA6qH[I.fl. flosexe 3a BceKu Haft-npe[rroqnraHae 4efiHocrra, Kotro e B cborBeTcrBlte c IIpHctIIIoro MycBoficrBo, a sa go6polopflAbrlHng. - T,L3uI, KoflTo e B cbor-r!ercrBr{e c [o6po[ere nra. 6. CreAosareJlHo, Iqacrltero t19

e B pa3pJreqeHr,reTo. 3anloro e a6cypnno ea6aBara*n&.eIIeJrTa, u Aa ce TpylnM r,r Aa r6pnr{M 3JrrrHr,r npe3 rleJrr,r, ct{xrrBoT 3alaAr,r urpaTa. 3arqoro, TaKa Aa ce Ka)Ke, BcHqKllI"rqu us6nparue 3apaAr,r Herr1o [pyro, ocBeH rrlacT]rero.ItrrpoqeM, To caMoTo e rleJr. A ga ce 3aHlrMaBaru ycbpAHoI4 ,qa ce TpyluIII ycr{JreHo 3apaAr.{ pa3BJreqeHtreTo, }rsrJrex-Aa rJIy[aBO H TBr,pAe A9TT.THCKO; HO Aa ce pasBfluqa[r, 3a AAce 3aHr.rMaBarr r,t rpyArnrr ycbpAHo, cnopeA Auaxapc(31) cecMflTa 3a rIpaBI,rJIHo. Tr,fi KaTo l,r3rJrexAa, r{e pa3BJIeqeHH-eTo e oTlr4x, a noHe)Ke xopaTa He MOraT HenpeKbcHaTo Aace rpy.qflT, Te HMar HyxAa or or,qprx. ClegonareJrHo, orAr,r-x:rr He e rleJr, sarrloTo e 3apalu gefiHocrra.II ce cqlrra, qerqacrJlr,rBr,rrr )KlrBoT e ro3tr, xoftro e cto6pa:Ho c go6poge-TeJrra. Tarcr )Kr.rBor e cBbpsan c ycbpluero, a He cec:rcrou B pa3BrerreHr,rero. 7. VI KassaMe, qe ca no_go6pucepuosHr,rTe Herrla *t ycbp[t4flTa, OTKOJTKOTO CMerrHvrTe \lTe3Lr, KOT,ITO Ca cBbp3aHV C pa3BrerreHHeTo, H qe BnHarI.Ino-go6ponoprlbrrHa e gefinocrra Ha fio-tro6para .ru",

""Ayrrrara Ha rroBeKa, n na uo-go6pn, qoBer(. A geftnocrra uano-4o6poroe npeBb3xo)Kgarqa H B 3HaqnreJrHo no_roJrrMacrerreH Hoceua [Iacrue. 8. Kofiro u F,ae soBeK 6u nolyul,r.rrTeJrecno y4oBoJrcrBue, n po6rr He [o_MaJrKo or ao6foae-.TeJrHr.rr Mb)K; Ho sr.rxoft He rrpunr{cBa Ha po6a y.racine rrrlacrr{ero, aKo He r,r B xr.rBora ocBeH rona(3?i. ffonexerrlacTileTo He e B TaKHBa,HaqHHr,r Ha npeKapBaHe Ha BpeMe,To, a B gefiHocrnre cto6paeHo go6pogereJrra, KaKTo n no_rope 6eure raeauo(33)

TJIABA CEAMA

Tara qe aKo rrlacTr{ero e geftnocr cto6pa:no go6poge-TeJrra, ecrecrBeHo e Aa 6t1e cto6pasno Hafi_4o6para; aTaKaBa lao6pogerenJ e npuctrqa na uafi-4o6paru uu",

"uAyrrraTa. CregorarerHo iosa e vIrLt yr"rcr(34), ,rr" "irrloApyro, KoeTo r,r3ure)KAa, qe no npr4poAa ynpaBJrrBa r,l e

TBeHr{Te Herua, vrv e 6o:xectseHo caMoro To, r.rJlu e sait-6oxecrseHoro oT Bcr,rrrKlt Herrla y Hac(35) " """"ruru4efiHocr cro6pasHo npuctrrlara ruy ao6pbaere.r, rqe 6r4ecbBbprreuo"o qacrr{e. A qe e cb3eprlarenHa(36) [gef_

234 235

uocr], 6enre xasaso. 2. I4gr.nex[a, qe rfl e roBa KaKTo B

CI,OTB9TCTBU€ C KaSaHOTO nO-rope' TaKa V .C VICTI/IIATa.llonexe ra3I,I I,IMeHuo reftuocr e Hafi-sucura. Ttit Karo I'I

or Heqara, KoIlTo ca B Hac, yM:bT e Hait-Bucru' u oTHgrrlara, rrpeAMer Ha 3HaHlIe - rden e o6racrra uayv'a- W

oule rfl e saft- HenpeKbcHaTa' 3alrloro Mo>KeM ilo-cKopoHerrpeKbcHaTo Aa cb3epllaBaMe, oTKoJIKoTo Aa BbpIrrI'IMrarsoro n ga 6ralo, 3. u cprsrar"re, ue rpn6na yAoBoJrcrBI{-cro Aa e npHMeceHo c lqacrnero, a oT gefiHocrnre cto6pa-oHo 4o6pogereJlTa, o6ulonpnero e, qe naft-usoro AocraBtyAoBoJrcrBr,re rasr,t, KoflTo e clo6pasHo c MbApocrra(37); u

fa:6npa ce, ce cMtra, ue {n.nocoQunra I'IMa B ce6e cuyAoBoJrcrBr,Ir, ueo6nxHoBeHu tr no q''Icrorar H rro curyp-HOCT, a, ecTecTBeHo, 3a 3HaeIIIHTe To3ll HaqlIH Ha ilpeKap-BaHe Ha BpeMeTo e no-ilpl,tfreH, oTKoJIKOTO OH3H' CJIeABaH

or xopara, KoHTo ce crpeMsr KbM 3HaHI'Ix(38)- 4- W tarcaHapeqeHaTa caMoAocTaTbqHocT ce ct,crol'l saft-neqe n cl-3eprlaTeJrH:,1r'. HAql,1.]F. Ha XHBOT; rroHexe or ueo6xogltMI',ITe3a xHBeeHero Heula ce Hy)KlaflT H MbApuqr, I4 CrlpaBeruItd-BUqr,

'r ocraHaJlllre. Ho cneg KaTo Aocrarr,qHo ca cna64e-

Hr{ c no,4o6nra neu1a, c[paBeIJII4BI4.flT HMa Hy)KAa ]I orTaKUBa Xopa, KbM K0HTO n 3aeAHO C KOI',ITO [a I43BbpIrrBacilpaBeAJIrIBL nocrbrlKvI, vt ilo cbulll.fl HaqI'IH Ia 6laropa-3yMHr{flT, }I CMeJII4'T, II BCeKH OT OCTaHaJIIdT9;.L MbApH.fTu caM cbrqecrByBafiKu, Moxe [a ce 3aHHMaBa ct,c cs3eprla-P.Il1,e, Vl KOJIKOTO e IIO-M1 EbP, TOJIKOBa B nO-fOJIJ{Ma CTefIeH

[rvroxe]; BepotrHo roft no-go6pe Iro npann], Koraro.HfvIa-I'IrroMolrrHnq vt, vt Bcenax roii e safi -cauo,qocrarr'qen(39). 5.En rnrorro,qa l,I3rJrex,qa, qe caMo ragu Aeftnocr e o6ErIaHaSapalH caMaTa Hefl; SaIrIoTo oT Hefl HI'{uIO He rIpoI43TUqa'OCBOH CTr3epqaHneTO',UOKaTO OT IIpaKTLItIeCKHTe HeIIIa'ocBeH caMara [ocrbflKa, npugo6r',rnaMe Herqo - 6uno uo-roJrqMo,6nro no-prarKo. 6. 7f ugrne:xAa' qe qacrraero(40)e s cso6ogHoro nperure(4L). flose:re ce JlnrraBaMe orcso6o[Ho BpeMe,3a Aa MoxeM Aa I'IMaMe cBo6oAHo BpeMe,r4 BOIOBaMe, 3a Aa )KI{BeeM B M}Ip. creuosarelso lefisocr-Ta Ha [paKTI,IqecKI,ITe Ao6poAereJlI4 e B noJII',IT[lKara l rvrB:bB BOeHHnte pa6o:ru; a [ocTbrIKI{Te, CB'.bp3L'JVr C Te3UHerqa rr3rJlexla, ue [lnruanar or cno6oAno npeue], a

BoenHr,rre - cbBceM; sarqoro HuKofi ue ne6upa [a BoIoBa'

HI,TKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHLTTA X

HltTo IroAroTBfl BOfiHa, 3apaAr,r caMoTo BoIoBaHe - Ta HaJIIIule u3rJrexAa ct,Br,pIIIeHo KpT,BoXa,4eH HrKOft, KOftTO Ha-rrpaBr.r BparoBe oT rtpn_srervrre cv, ga Aa ce rroJryqar 6nrxuu y6uftcrra. Ho gopra u [leftuocrra] u noluruKara Jrr4rrra-Ba or cno6ogno BpeMe, H ocBeH caMoro 3aHlrMaHHe cAbp)KaBHlrre pa6orn, soBeK crreseJrBa sa ce6e cH rocrroA.CTBO H [OqecTr4 ]rJrr,r IIbK rqacTr.re sa ce6e cv w ga, rpaxAa-Hurer- 3auloro ro e pagJlI{qHo oT rroJlItrHKara. Hero nMeH-HO TT,pCI,!M, fIOHe)Ke e J{CHO, qe e pa3Ir,tvHo [or noJrr{Tl,Iqe-cKara geftHocrl. 7. l/[, rr,ia, aKo or rrocrbnKLrre cto6parnogo6po gereJr r,rre, [oJr r.rr H qecK]rre r{ BoeH H }rre Hgrrb KB ar noKpacoTa u BeJlnque, Ho aKo Te UMeHHO JrHruaBaT Or CTO6OAHOBpeMe il ce crpeMflT KT,M HfKaKBa rleJr ri He ca us6upaHrgapaaucaMr,ITe rn<; vt aKo 3a 4efiHocrra Ha yMa ce cMflTa, qe noceplro3HocT r,r ycr,pgr,re e pa3rr,tqHa, 6n4eftru cr,seprlareJrna, I,tocBeH ce6e cu Kr,M Hr{KaKBa IIeJr He ce crpeMr4, vt Hocvr t4npprcbnlo yAoBoJrcrrr,re, a ro rdMeHHO yBeJrr{qaBa geftxoclrta uI,rMa TOBa, KOeTO e [a r,lMaru y ce6e cu [ocTaTbqHo cr.IJIr{, ttcno6o4no rpeMe, H HeyMopHMocT, tr BclrqKn Apyrr{ Herrla, KoHToca orpegeHu na 6laxenra.fl qoBeK, - To I{3rJIexAa, qe Bcr{qKI4 TecbrrlecrByBar y Hero [opaAn rasr.r Aefinocr. CnegonareJrHo,cbBbprrreHoro rrlacrue 3a qoBeKa 6s 6uta HMeHHo rfl, Koraroo6xraqa ryrnaTa rrpoAbJr)KrrreJrHocr Ha xr,rBoTa. Ilone:re Hurqoor Herrlara, KoHTo ce cMrrrar 3a ulacTurr, He e He3aB6pureno. 8.Ho raxrs xr,rBor 6u 6ut Ha[ qoBerrKH.a. 3aryoro [vonex] ule)KHBee no To3il HaqI,tH He B KaqecTBOTO CI,I Ha qOBeK, a AOKOJT-Koro y Hero e 3aJroxeHo nerqo 6oxecrBeHo. Bnpoueu, KoJrKoroTO Ce pa3IHlIaBa OT rlOBeKa KaTo ct,cTaBeH oT paSJII4qHU rraCTlI,ToJrKoBa ce pa3rr.rrraBa I{ cBt,p3aHara c Hero [6o:recrnexor:o]4eftnocr or gefiHocrra, orHacr{qa ce Ao rcrra gpyra go6poge-rel. C.legoBareJlHo, aKo yMbr B cpaBHeHr4e c qoBeKa e Herqo6oxecrseHo, To r{ xr{Borbr, rlo.qrruHeH Ha yMa, rqe 6t4e 6oxe-crseu(A?) B cpaBHeHr,te c qoBerrrKr,ts xxsolr. Ho He rpa6Ba Aa cecJreEB aT npefiopbKl,rre,, qoBeK ga paz6upa qoBerrrKoro.., noHe-)Ke e qoBeK, HHTO ,rcMbprHlrtr - cMtprHoro(, iloHe)Ke e cMbp-TeH, a e neo6xo4raMo, AoKoJrKoro e Bb3Mo)KHo, ra BflpBa B6escurr,prnero H ,{a [paBr.{ BcrrqKo, Koero Moxe, 3a Aa xuBeecro6pasHo c xafi-sucue:ro s ce6e cu. IzI uaxap no o6eu roBa Aae MiUIKa qaCT, nO Ct.tJIA n IIeHHOCT Tfl TBT,p,qe MHOfO npeBb3XO-xga BcuqKo ocraHano(43). 9. Era Mouro Aa H3Hre)KAa, se BceKr4

236 237

ii.II:I HUKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHIIFA X

o'r'Hac e ra3r,r qacr, rroHexe rfl e ynpaBrflBalrlara I{ no-4o6pata.(),ne4orarenuo, 6u craH,ulo a6cypAno, axo [vonex] ra:6epe He(lrnq co6crseH )KLtBor, a Heulaft uy:rg,. 14 tona, Koero ce Kaga flo-rtanpeg(44), nogox4a u cera: ToBa, Koero Ha BceKu orAeJIeHrrorleK e [pHcbrIIO ilO npHpoAa, To e nafi-qo6po 3a Hero I4 My

,locraBr nafi-ronsuo yAoBoJIcrBHe. CJe[osareJIHo Ha qoBeKa e

rrPHcT,rrI xLlBoT, KOfiTO e noAqI,IHeH Ha yMa' - AoKoJrKoTo qoBe-

xi,r e nafi-seqe yMbr. CnegoaarelHo raKbB )KI4Bor e naft-IIIACTJI I4 B.

Ha nropo M.flcro e xlnBorl,T cr,o6pa3Ho lpyrara [eru-,tccKara] Ao6polerel(a5). 3arqoro geftnocture clo6pas-ilo c Het ca cbLIIo tIoBeIIrKI,I: cnpaBeAJII'IBI't H cMeJIlI noc-,r"rrrrKH r,r rpyrx TaKuBa, KoI,ITo ca crrope[ [pyrl4 Ao6poAere-JrH, eAHr,r cnptMo Apyru IdsBbpIxBaMe IIoMexAy cri - B

c^eJIKlI, npI,I Heo6xolI,IMocT LI BctKaKB14 rIocTT,rrKlI' KaKToH B rroHactHl,It, KaTo cbrJlacyBaMe ToBa, KoeTo e noAxonq-nlo ga BceKI,t or[eJIeH qoBeK. Bcnqxu re3]I HeIrIa u3lJIe)K-,tar llpucbrrlu Ha qoBeKa.2. Wsrnex,qa, qe HtKoI{ crpacTHnpolrgJru3ar or rqJloro, I,I qe eruqecKara go6pogereJl B

MHOIO OTHOTITeHLI' e cBbpSaHa ca,c crpacTHTe- w gopupa3cbAJrr,rBocrra e cBbp3aHa c erHqecKara go6pogerejl, a

i's cauara Ha cBoft peg c pa3cb[JltlBocrfa' axo nso6rqoIIpI,IHIII'iIIHT9 Ha pa3CblJII'IBOCTTa Ca B cr,oTBeTcTBlIe C

orr4qecKlrre go6poge:renu. A roBa, Koero e rrpaBI'IJIHO B

HpaBlrre, e cro6pasHo Ha pascb,ull'IBocrra. 3- A re cacBbpSaHu uI C'bc CTpaCTI{fe' v cA npUcT,IIIH Ha CbCTaBHOTO'

a go6pogereJll{Te Ha cbcraBHoro lca voneruxu]. I4 :xuno-'r1,T B C6OTBeTCTBHe c TflX, Vt IlacTHeTo [ca uoneruxu]. A,rlo6pogereJrra Ha yMa e or[eJleHa [or rxnoro u crpacrll-'r'e]. 3a Hefl caMo roJIKoBa HeKa 6bre Ka3aHo, rlonexefpr,rxJrr,rBo Aa ce I43cJIelBa e floBeqe or nocTaBeHoTo TyK

Iraro eagava]- 4. W rye tt3tJlexga, qe or BIHITIHHTe cpe4-crBa H pasxoAl.{ luo6poueteJrra Ha yua] ce Hy)K[ae B MarKacTefIeH, HJII,I B no-MaJIKa cTefIeH, oTKoJrKoTo eTltqecKaTa,r1o6pogerea. flosexe u ABere I,IMar Hyxla or neo6xoln-MHTe 3a uSnoJI3BaHe Herqa, I{ B paBHa cTerreH, Aopl'r }rlroJrr4TlrKbT Ia Ce rpu)KI,I noBeqe 3a TflJIoTo n nogo6nnre

TJIABA OCMA

TaKr{Ba Herqa - r.rHaqe MaJrKa 6u 6sna pa3JrnKara. Ho noorHorrreHr4e na gefinoc?nre pa3ruquero ule e ro.nqMo. TtilKaTO Ha IIIeApHq Ca My HyxHn cpeAcTBa, 3a Aa H3BbprrlserrocrbIIKH, KoHTo ca goc:rofiHlr 3a ueAplrfl, v! Ha cnpaBefirJtytBlafi - sa Aa Moxe Aa orBpbrrla sa 6naro Aeflr^*tfl, (sarqoto)KeJraHr,r.flTa ca HerBHr.r, a Te3Ir [Xopa], KoHTO He Ca ClpaBe.IJrHBr.r, ce npecTpyBaT, qe )KeJrarT Aa nocTbrrB&T crrpaBgfirJII'IBO;, H Ha CMeJIIII - CVrilL, aKO I43BbpIlBa HeIIIO OT CbO6.pa3Hr,rre ua 4o6po4eTeJrra My Heula, u sa 6laropa3yMHr{rl- Bb3Mo)KHocr. Ta tro KaKT,B HaqI{H r,tHaqe ue craHe,cHOAarr,r qoBeKbr e raKbB nrli HrKaKrn gpyr? 5. O6a.re cgcrropu, [aJrri cl,sHareJrHt4rr r.rs6op e no-BaxeH n 4o6po4e.TeJITa, HJII,t [OCTbnKI'ITe - 3aIIIOTO Tfi, H B ABeTe Ce CbCTOII.p_upouervr rcno e, qe cbBbprrreHoro e cBbpsaHo r.t c ABere.Ho ga [ocTbnKr,tre MHoro Herrla ca Heo6xogvlwvt, vt KorKo-To ca no-roJleMll n ilo-npeKpacHur, ToJrKoBa noseqe. 6.,{oxaro 3a cbgeprlaBarqrdr Hlluo or re3}r Herrla ne e neo6.xo4r,tMo 3a HeroBara geftnocr, a, TaKa [a ce Ka)Ke, Te Aopllca rlpeqKa 3a cbgeprlaH]rero. Ho Aoro"nxoro e qoBeK uxnBee 3aegHo- c Apyru xopa, roft ras6r,rpa Aa Br,prxrr Herqa,Korrro ca cro6pasHlr Ha go6pogerenra. CreqoBareJrHo rrleHMa HyXAa OT ropec[oMeHaT[Te Herrla, 3a [a xr,rBee KaToApyrr,rre xopa. 7. A qe crnrprneHoTo ulacrr,re e HflKaKBacb3eprlarelHa 4eftHocr, orqe ri or roBa 6n cranano scHo:Hue npr4eMaMe, lre 6orosere ca s Hafi-roJrqMa crerreH6laxenu H rqacrJrr,rBn@6). Ho xaxsu nocrbnKn cJreABa AanpnnlrcBaMe sa rsx? fr,anu cnpaBe4Jrr{Br,rre, uJru nbK Te ItIeusrJrexgar cMerrrHr.r Karo cKJrIoqBar crerKrr, Bpbrrlar 06.parl{o rrorepeHoro nM, }rJrr,r 4pyru raKnBa neqa? IzllnIIOCTbnKHTe, KOLITO CMeJII{Te I{3BbpIIIBaT, KaTO Ce npOT[-BOrrocTaBrT Ha CTparuHUTe Herrla ?r ce r43JraraT Ha o[iICHO.crl,r, rIoHe)Ke roBa e npeKpacso? Wnu nocrr,rrKr,rre Haqe4pr,rre? Ho sa Koro rqe p,anar? HeyuecrHo rrle e Aa ceKaxe, qe y Tflx uv.a rrapu r,rJru Apyro TaKoBa nerqo. ArrocrbrrKr,rre Karo na 6laropagyMHHTe, KaKBH 6uxa 6unu?lanu rIoJ{BaJIara, qe HrMar JIolIu BJleqeHfi.fl, He e Henpn-nuqxa? Ho xaro npeMnHaBaMe npe3 Bcr.rqKu Herrla, orna-c.fl[Il4 Ce AO IIOCTAIIKI{Te, Te BCUqKI,ITe H3fJIe)K[aT MaJIKI4 t4Hegocroiux sa 6orose$7). Bce nax, BcnqKn npeAnoJra_raT, qe re )Kr,rBerr H, cJreAoBargJrHo, I,t3BtprxBar gefiHocr,

238 239

$cr,qsoc:r re He crrrr, KaKTo EnAuunoH(48). Clegona-'r'cJlHo, 3a )Kl,rBeelqng, aKo vry 6rge orHero ToBa Aa nocTb-rrna [nrxax], a n noneue - Aa ]r3BbprrrBa Heulo, To KaKBo IrIeMy ocraHe, ocBeH cr,3eprlaHlrero? Taxa qe Aeftnocrra Ha6rrra, ornr,l.raBarqa ce c 6raxeHcrBo, 6u 6una cageplrareJl-ttn. A or: qoBe[rKr,rre [efinocru ra3LI, Koqro e nafi-6lugraAo Her, 6w 6una Haft-ouacrJlr,IBflBallra. 8. .[orasateJlcrBo-'r0 e oIIIe I{ ToBa, qe ocTaHaJILrre )K}IBI,I cbqecTBa He

Y'{ACTBAT B UIACTHCTO,6NgCfiXN HATI'bJIHO JII,IUIEHI,I OT TAKA-tra Aefisocr. 3aqoro ga 6orosere BceKI,I )KI,IBor e 6fla)KeH'n 3a xopaTa - [oKoJrKoTo HtKaKBo nolo6He Ha rasu Eefi-lrocT e HaJrHqe; a oT ocTaHaJllITe )KuBI,I CbITIeCTBa HfiKOe Hee [qacTJtlrBo, froHexe HnKoe oT Tflx H'IMa o6qo cbc cb3ep-rlaHnero. Bnpouevr KoJrKoro,qr,JIro rrpo,qbJlxaBa cbsepqa-HlreTo, ToJIKOBa - U qacTLIeTO, H y Te3lI, y KoI,ITO Cb3epIIa-HHeTO e B rro-roJlflMa cTeneH, y Tflx I{ xHBeeHeTo ITIaCTJILI-

lto e B rro-roJrflMa crerreH. I{ toga He e no c.nyuafinocr, arropaAu caMoro cbgepqanne, ttfi Karo ro caMo no ce6e cuc ueHHo. Taxa qe qacTl{ero rqe 6rAe HtKaKBo cb3eplla-une. 9. EraAeftru qoBeK, o6aqe, u1e ce Hyxlae u or BbHluHoGnarouonyqne. flouexe caMa no ce6e cH qoBeruKara ilplr-po[a HflMa B AocrarbrrHa crerreH y ce6e cn BcuqKo Heo6xo-,lr,rMo c orJreA Ha cbgepllaHl,Iero, a rpr6na H TtJIoro Aa eSApaBO, I{ Aa HMa }I XpaHa, U ocTaHaJII,ITe rpuxl,l 3a rtJIoTo.Bce nar ne tpn6ra ra ce cMtra, qe uacrntvrBprflT IrIe HMaHyxAa oT MHOro n roJIeMI,I Helqa, MaKap qe He e BbSMoxHo,la 6rAe ruacrJrlrB 6es srHulHute 6rara. floHe:re He e B

tt3 JI tI [reKa H]ITO c aMoAocraTbqHocrra, Hl,lro rlb K nocrbll-Kara. 10. Ho srslvloxHo e I{ qoBeK, xofiro He e ,,BJraAereJIHa SeMtTa I,I MOpeTO(, Aa I,I3BbpmBa lrpeKpacHI,I nocTbnKH.3arqoro n Hsxofi or cpeAHHTe xopa 6n uoru Aa rrocrb[Bacro6pasno go6pogererra. Tosa Moxe na ce BI,IAT,I HarJIeA-HO: O6nKHOBeHUTe rpaXAaHlI, KaKTO Ce CMtra, He no-Jrorlro oT BJracrHHrlr,rre HSBbplrrBar IIoAo6aBarquTe il go6pu('entem[6) flocrrnKu, a [op]r ra no-go6pe. ]I rona e Aocra-'f1'rlHo, gi la 6nAe [IacrJIItB )K[rBorbr Ha ro3lr, rofirogeficmyra cbo6pa3Ho Ao6polererra. 11. I4 uoxe 6u Co-nou(49) go6pe e o6qnl,ur sa uIac"JIltBIt re3I,I, Konro cacpeAHo cua6Aenu c BbHrrrHu 6.nara, Karo.ca lISBbprunJIH,KaKTO Ha HerO My Ce CTpyBaJIO, Haft-ilpeKpacHl{ HeIrIa, u ca

rlsxrBeJIlr )KHBoTa cu 6raropa3yMHo. 3arqoto Te3u, KoHTo11L_npulo6r.rJrr{ yMepeHO roJrqMo r{MyrqecrBo, Morar [&BbprxaT-Herrlara, KoHTo rpt6aa. A uer.nexg a, are H Anarc.carop(50) He e cMrrar aa rqacur'B Hrrro e""ur"",

""roBJracreJrnHa, xasnafixu, qe HrMa Ia ce yqy1u, u*o ""*ofrH3rJre)KAa cTpaHeH Ha MHo3r{HcrBoro; rrfi xaro ,o "rllrno BbHrrrHltre 6lara, rroHexe HMa cer[Ba caMo sa rsx. ,1.2,

Wrrfi, HgrJrex,qa, qe MHeHr,trra Ha Mr,Apr.rTe ce cbr.lracyBaTc Harrrlrre pa3cb)K,qeHus. II re3r, Herrla curypHo nnyn iratH'KaKBO AOBepr{e, Ho TTCTHHHOTO B [paKTUqecKr,rTe HerIIace nperleH.flBa no AeJrara H xusora. IfueHno " ,"r-e

rJr aBHoro. CregosareJrHo, Kas aH r4Te rro-rope Herrla rpx6naAa ce pa3rJre)KAaT rro oTHOrXeHr{e Ha AeJIaTa rr xtrBoTa, llrpr6na 4a 6rgal

''pxerr' re3r4, KoHTo ce cbrJracyBaT cAeraTa, a Aa ce cxBaqaT KaTO rrpa3Hrd EyMr,r uectsnyvxuroc rax(51). 13. Tosu, xofiro "r"ip-uu uefi"oc,

""oi;pu""oc yla cu u Io noAAr,pTa c rprdxa, HsrJre)KAa, qe e Halti.4o6pe pa3Br,rr n e nafi-b6nqaH or 6o"onere. g"'p"u"lul, ;*o6orosere oTAejrtr HrKaKBa rpnx(a ga qoBelrrKrare cbrrlecr.Ba' KaKTO nsrJlexAa, 6u 6nno ecrecrBeHo re .rla HaMHnaryloBorrcrBne s Haft-npeKpacHoro u safi_6llr3Koro l" iri9:_r:l Gu 6un y*mtj, oi

""orn;;p;;" Aa npaBrr 6raro.AefrHnfl Ha Te3u xopa, Kor,rro nafi_uxoro io o6uqar urleHtr, rroHe)Ke ce rpuxaT sa nrc6rdvuTe 3a Trx HeIrIa unoHexe [ocTbnBaT H rrpaBI,IJrHo, H rrpeKpacso. A ua,a".r-Ku regn Herrla ca npncr,ulu s nafi-ronsua creneH Ha MbA.pu.rr, He e HeJrcHo. Cle4onareluo, roii e Hafi_.nro6"r;6orosere. A ecrecrneno e r:ofi HMeHHo ila e v Hafr_rqacr-

JrrdB; TaKa qe r{ B To3r,r cryqafr, l.rrtppunr u1e e uaft-u1act.truv(S?). ' -r---

rnana asBETA

W r.nfi, aKo ga resu Heiqa , Lt sa4o6po4ereJrnTe, ri orrle14 3A rrpHfrTeJrcTBOTO r{ yAoBoJrcTnnero, AOCTaTbgHo cKId.rlnpaxMe r o6rqu qepTri B Ka3aHoTo, ro rpl6nu

"" lu "ucMrra , qe HarrreTo HaMepeHr4e [ocTtrrHa go xpaftH ara cuqen? llau KaKTo ce Ka3Ba, qenra

" .roilrj""i; ';-;

l:cl1,rlalIe Ha cb3epqaHre r{ 3HaHr" "u

or4"rrHnTe Herrla, a[o-cKopo TrxHoTo H3BbprrrBaHe? Z. BnpoqeM rro ornorrre-

d HI,IKOMAXOBA ETUKA - KHI,,II.A X

Hne Ha 4o6pogereJrra He e AocrarbqHo Aa 3HaeM [xaxro e],a rpt6na H Aa ce crperntrau ga fl r{MaMe u E\L fi. r,t3rroJrsy-BaMe,I{JII4 nO HtKaKbB [pyl HaqI,rH,- aKO nMa TaKT,B, - Aa CTaHeMgo6po4erenlan.3.ItLrnit, aKo lyMHTe 6sxa AocrarbqHH 3aToBa ra craHeru go6tp, To MHoro H roJreMr,r Harpa,qN 6uxace pasAaJrn, c[opeA Ka3aHoro or TeorsnA(s3), r,r Bc]rqKlrxopa 6n rpx6nalo Ea ca rH cneqeJrltilv sa ce6e cu. ABCbXIHOCT U3rJIeXAa, qe OT MJIaAI{Te Teslt, KOITTO Ca CBO-6ogur,r, Morar Aa 6lgar nogruxHarvn l\acraHar ycr,pgHr,t,a 6laropoqnr.rrr rro HpaB r4 laavcrn*a o6uqaul flpeKpacuo-To - Aa'craue Bb3npueMqr.rB ga go6pogereJrra, AoKaroMHo3r,rHprBoro He Mo)Ke 4a Qr4e Hac'bpqeHo Kr,M rrbJrHocbBbpureHcrno (xalorccycOlc; 4. flose:re xopara orMHO3T,THCTBOTO rr0paAu [pHpOAaTa cH ce rroAqnHqBaT He HaCpaMar.-A Hfi€Tpaxa, H ce B:b3Al,pXAT OT JIOIIIUTe IIOCTbIIKI{He 3apanu ToBa, qe ca cpaMHr4, a flopaAr{ cTpax oT r{aKa3a-Hue. 3arqoro xzseefixu qpeg crpacruTe, ce crpeMrr KbMrrplrcbql,rre r,rM yAoBoilerBkrtr r,r [rrpcr:r] qpe3 KoH Herqa racrr rn AocraBrr, a ns6qrsar crpaAaHHtra, rrporrrBonoJro)K-HI4 Ha cborBercrBaqllTe HM yAoBoJrcrr*lfl lt HrMar pas6r,r-pane ('emetxrig) sa rrpcKpacHoro r,r roBa, Koero Har,rcrr{HalocTaBt y,qoBoJrcTBI{e, rroHe)Ke HHKOTa He Ca ro o[IrTBaJrII.5. Ho Koe pascbxleHue u1e npeodpasr{ TaKuBa xopa?flonexe He e BbsMo)KHo ltJrll rroHe He e JreeHo Herrlara,Kolrro orAaBHa ca fipnerr,r rBbpgo B HpaB]rre, ga 6ngarrlpoMeHeHr,t qpes pa3cb)KAeHrre. Moxe 6u rpxdna Aa Hu eAparo, aKo cJrgA KaTo ca HaJrUqe Bcr4qKH HeUa, qpe3 KOHTOcMrraMe, qe craBaMe go6pn, HHe yqacrBaMe noHe c MaJrKon go6poger:elra. 6. EgHn cuxrar, qe xopara ca go6poge-TeJTHH nO npupola, apyru - qe oT HaBr{Ka, TpeTH - qe qpeso6yveuue(54). .flcHo et qe roBa, KoeTo e or npr.rpoAara, He3aBr{cn or Hac, a nopalu HTKaKBH 6o:rectnenrd npnquHll ce,qaBa Ha regr{, Koldro ca geficrBr{TeJluo rrlacrJrHBI,I. Pagcs-xAeHI,IeTo n o6yueuuero He ca AocrarbqHo cHJrHr,r npuBceKr,rro, a rpr6ra Ay[rara Ha cJryrrrareJrr [peABapr,rreJrHoga e 6una noArorBeua qpe3 HaBnrlr,rre, 3a Aa ce pa4Ba r,r

Mpa3rr [paBHJrHo, TaKa KaKTO 3eMrTa - 3L EA OTXpaHnceueHara(55).7.lloxexe To3u, xofiro )KlrBee crropeA crpa-cTTa, IrgMa Aa Cryma pa3cb)KAeHr,tr, rqoM Te ro oTKJroHq-rar Ior xer], Huro rrbK rrle rn pas6epe. CleronareJrHo, KaK

240 l6 24r

l,lox-e Aa 6bAe npoMeHeHo MHeHneTo Ha TaKbB qoBeK?yr3oorqo cTpacTTa, I4SrJrexAa, oTCTbnBa He [peA pa3yMa, arrpeA er,r*a-ra- 8-Cne4onareJrHo tpx6na rro HrKaKbB Haqr,rHnpeABapr,rreJrHo [a e 6nr gaJroxeH HpaB, Karo qe Jtr{ noA-xoxAarrr sa go6poAereJrra - To3H npan, xofiro o6uva npiKpacHoTo r{ oTXBbpJrr cpaMHoTo:-*{o e TpyAHo [orqe]-orMJlaAocrra Aa ce nocrr'rrHe npaBlrJrHo orHorfleHr.re KT,Mgo6po4ereJrra, c H3KJrIoqeHr,re Ha rogr,t, xoftto c TaKr{Bas aKoH r,t e Bb s nrdraB an. 3arqoro xr.rBeeHe ro d"rr aiogiasyrvruoH TbpneJrr{Bo He e np}r.flTHo sa MHo3HHcTBoTo, n bco6erro3a MJraAr,r?e. 3arosa tpx6na Bb3trr{TaHrrero H 3aHuMaHI,rr_ra ga 6r4ar onpeAeJreHu rrpe3 saKoHHTe. Trft xaro Herq;_Ta, KotITo ca craHaJrH upr,rBHrrKH, He Hocsr crpagaune(56).9. Ho Moxe 6u rre e AocrarbrrHo re3r{, Kor.{To ca v.ila1u, \Lnonyqar npaBnJrHo BbgnuTaHne n rp[]Kr,r, a noHexe tpx6_Ba r.r BbspacTHlrTe Aa ce 3aHr.rMaBaT u Ia npHBr,tKBaT C Te3r{HerIIa, TO Ce HyxIaeM oT 3aKOHH KaKTO 3a Te3pI Heqa, TaKau uso6ulo ga qeru.n xfiBor. Ttft xaro Mgo3uHcrBoronoBeqe na neo6xo4l,IMocrra ce rtoArIIdHrBa, orKoJlKoro Ha

"pa3yMa, I,I [OBeqe Ha HaKa3aHIleTO, OTKOJTKOTGHa [peKpa__*-",cnoro. 10. Ero 3arrlo HrKou(s7) cMrrar, qe saKoHorBop-qure tpr6na Aa noATHKBar r,r ra HacbpqaBar KbM go6poa!-TeJrTa, B HMeTO Ha npeKpacHoTo; TaKa qe rue ce BcJryrrraTTeglr, Kol,tro ca go6pe npl,lyrleHn KbM TaKuBa HaBHqH, a rqece HaJrafaT IlopnllaHHff r{ HAKa3aHrd Ha Te3H, KOHTO He Cerlo,4qnHrBaT I,I KOLTTO Ca fio_HeHalapeHl{, KaTO OHe3lr_rtblqKOHTO Ca Hen3JIeqHMlr, ule 6rgar nanr.nno ll3roHeHrr or-:AbpxaBara [Ha saroueHne]. 3arqoto 4o6pnrr [nonexj, x;: "Beerr{ c orneA Ha np_eKpacHOTO, rqe ce noAqr{H{Ba Ha paSy_ya, a Jror[lr.ffT, rofiro ce crpeMr,r KbM y4oBo.rrcrsue, ,qe6nge ycr"rupflBaH qp_e3 crpaganue, KaKTo BrrperarHoro )KH_BorHo [qp9s xpeua]. 3arona r,r Ka3Bar, ue rpa6na crpaAa_Hurra 4a 6rgar raKHBa, qe s Haft-ron.flr,ra cieneH Aanpo_rnnogeftcrBar Ha ocu_qanure y,qoBoJrcrBns. 11. C;;A;;;-TeJIHo, aKo - KaKTo 6e ragaHo _ To3.,t, rofito ule craHe4o6pogerelen, rpa6n a, I.a, e 6un srgnnTaH rrpaBr.rJrHo trnpuyrlen KbM HaBr.rq[, n aKo, cbrrlo raKa, [e npuv.reHl naxrrBe_e r go6pa 3aHuMaHr,rfl, r,r HHTo go6pordr;o,

"iniouego6pobornro Aa Bbprrru Jforur,r noc.ruiu, ,o ,o"" 6"cTaHaJIO [pl,r TesH, KOr,tTO rrpeKapBaT XUBOTa CI{ nO HflKa_

242 243

BA ETU - KHI,,IFA X

K'bB Harrr{H cT,rJracHo yMa r{ npaBr4JrHrrr peg, rofiro e ncuna. 12. Ho xapexganlr.rrra or 6aulara, H.flNraT iiliTo Cuna,puto neo6xoALIMocT, Hr{TO I{Mar crara nso6qo re3rn HaHqrofi qoBeK, ocBeu aro rofi He e qap vlru laflKaKbB ApyrTaKbB. A garonrr nMa npr,rHyAHTeJrHa cvtila, AoKoJrKoro eHflKaKbB r,rspa3 HA pa3CbAJrnBOCTTa ra yrrna. Mpaseuu caxopara, Kolrro ce nporHBonocraBflT Ha flopHBvtTe, AopH r4

npaBI,tJIHO Aa nOCTbrIBaT, a 3aKOHbT He e Mpa3eH, KOra',ToHape.x,qarroBa, Koero e go6po. 13. I4srrexAa, eAI,IHcrBeHoB AbpxaBara Ha cnapraxqur:e(58) saxoHogareJrrr e npofl-BI,IJI Id3BeCTHa rpl4xa KbM Bt 3TIHTaHI,IeTO I{ 3aHUMaHr flTA.B noseqero Abp)KaBu HarrbJrHo ce npeHe6perBar re3r4HeIrIa H BCeKU XHBee, KaKTO )KeJrae, pa3[OpexAafirn ce cAerlara r.r cbnpyrara cr.r Karo qr.rrnou(59). 14. CregoBareJr-no Haft-go6pe e rasu rpnrKa ga 6r4e o6qa sa o6uecrBoro,lr npaBHJrHa, v aL Moxe Aa 6rAe oc:btqecrBeHa; rlo-Hara-TT'K, aKO e HaIIbJIHO 3aHeMapeHa OT BC}IqKII' H3rJIe)KAa' qeHa BceKHro(60) nogo6aBa Ha cBoure Aerla rd npntreJln Aacrgeficroa sa go6po4ereJrra, u.rrn [uoHe] pa us6wpa roBa.Pa:6rapa ce, or Ka3aHr4Te Heqa ce B[)K,qa, qe nafi-cnoco6esAa npaBn ToBa e To3l{, KoftTo e craHaJI roleH 3a 3aKoHoAa-Te.r. [IoHexe e r{cHo, qe o6ulecrBeHr4Te tpu>Kv u crapaxnece cbsgaBar qpe3saKourdre, H ca 4o6pu npr,r go6pn saKoHH.A gann ca HanncaHHw:iLnHeHarrncaHu(67), H3rJre)KAa H.flMa3HatIeHI,le, HI4TO III'K IaJI]I IIO TqX 9AUH I,IJIId MHOfO XOpa CaBb3rII,ITaBaHI4, TaKa KaKTO H"ffMa 3HaqeHI,Ie B MySI{Kara,ruMHacrlrKarl vr Apyrlrre gaHrdManr,r.f,. flonexe KaKTo B

,qoMaKnncrBara ca cnJrHr,r 6aulusure AyMr,I n o6nuau, aoue noBetre ca raKr,rBa 3apaAu poAHnHcrBoro lr 6raroAe.s-Hrr.flTa, rrft xaro rro rrpnpoAa e 3aJroxeHo y Aerlara Aao6nqat polnrerrr4Te cvu Aa rlr crryruar(62). 15.il olrle, tIBT'3[HTaHUeTO Ha BCOKU nOOTAOJIHO Ce pa3JHrIaBa OT 06-rrlecrBeHoTo Bb3nuTaHI4e, KaKTO e I,I B JrequreJrcKoTo H3-KycrBo - o6uloro e, r.Ie Ha HMatIIuq rpecKa noMara noxofi urJragyBaHe, Ho Ha H.flKoro - ne [nouaral, u Mo)Ke 6ra nary-crilnr s 6os c loMpyrln He BceKr{ro tl1e,Hayqu Ha e4tar. vt

cr,rrr Hatr[H na 6ofi. Izlsrrexga, qe BcflKo or,qeJrHo Herrlo ceusnbJrrrsE a_q!)--TorrHo, KoraTo rplrxaTa e H apoqH a; 3 a[loToTaKa BCeKH noryrraBa B no-roJrtMa crerreH-fotsa, iKoero e

nolxour{rI1o u noJre3Ho 3a Hero. Ho nafi_go6pe sa BcrKooTAeJTHO HerIIo ue ce rlorpuxu H JreKaprT, u yr{HTeIflT norrrMHacrr.rKa, r{ BceKrr Apyr, KofiTo rro3HaBa o6rqoro _ nceeAHo AaJrr4 o6rqoro 3a eAHn uilu 3a, Apyru, Ho 3a BclrqKH Trxo6qo. IIoHexe HayKHTe ca 3HaHHe sa o6n1oro,. KaKTo ceKasa H KaKTo n geftcrnureJrnocr e. 16. Ifpu Bce roBa, Mo)Ke6n nurqo He [peqn narofi 4o6pe Aa ocMHcJrH eAHo orgeJrHoHerIIO, [Op]t u Aa He e nocBeTeH B HayKaTa, IIOM TOTIHOonpeAeJlfl rroorAeJrHo Bt,gHuKBarqHTe Hetua na 6aga:ra HaoIInTa cI,I, TOTIHO KaKTO HtKOI,r CM.fTaT, qe Te caMuTe 3ace6e cu ca nafi-go6pnTe JreKapyr) a He Morar Aa noMorHarHa Apyr. Ho uoxe 6u sa ro3r,r, xoftr:o xeJrae Aa craHeH3Kycex H cr,3eprlaBaq, He no-MaJrKo 6w wy ce crpyBaJro,ue rpx6na Aa H3noJr3Ba o6rqoro npaBnJro u .ie r:px6ni la

"oonogHae, KoJrKoro My e Bb3Mo)KHo. 3aqoro Ka3a ce, qeHayKHTe ce saHltMaBaT c Hero. 17. Ho Mo)Ke 6ra u xe.rrae_rlr,rrT, qpe3 rpr.r)Ka 3a BbSnHTaHUeTO nM, Aa HarrpaBr4 Hr_KoH xopa

_no - go6pogereJr Ht{ - 6nr o NrHos una, 6un o M aJr rlu _

Ha, - rpa6na Aa ce onr,tra Aa cTaHe 3aKoHoAareJr, aKo rlpe33aKoHr,rre craBaMe 4o6pogerenHr,l(63). Bnpoveu He Bce_Klr, Ha KoroTo e Bb3JrOxeHo, Moxe Aa pa3[ope)KAa rrpaBr,rJr-HO, a aKo Ha',HqKOfO TOBa e npHcbtrlo, To e Ha 3Haerqur,KaKTO B JrelruTeJrcKoTo tr3KycTBo 14 ocTaHaJILrTe r,r3KycTBa,Kbgero r{Ma HrKaKBo crapaHne n pa3ctAJIHBocr. 19. Taxaqe cJreA rora rpx6na,qa pasrJregaMe, or KaKBo r,r no KaKbBHaqrnH n.sroft 6u cranal gaKoHoAaTen - [aJrrr, Ka3BaM,KaKTo npr,r ApyrHTe Herqa, H.sxofi qpe3 saHHMaHHero cAbpxaBHr,r aena?(64) 3arqoro HsrJre)KAa, qe cbsAaBaHeroHa 3aKorrpt e qacr or AtpxaBHuqecKoro nsrycrro. I4luH3rJrex4a ,4bp)KaBHHqeCKOTO I43KyCTBO He e eAHaKBO CApyrr,rre HayKr.{ H cnoco6uocrra (6uv&Fet5) ? Trfi xaro sApyfnTe H3rJrexAa, qe eAHH U C't illvt xopa r4 [peAaBaTcnoco6socruTp, r,r 4efic:rnynar qpes rrx, KaKTo HanpHMepJreKapnre- r{ xyAo)KHr,rqr{Te. A coQrrcrnre onpeAeJrrr Karocnox npoQecur o6yvaoaHero n gipxanrruqecKo HsKycrBo,Ho He ro y[paxHrsa Hr,rxoft or rsx; a ce Brrxga, qe 3aHuMa_Barqure ce c Ibp)KaBHH AeJra, Kor,rro 6n uorlo,qa rd3rJrex_Aa, se flpaBrr roBa qpe3 HqKaKBa cnoco6socT r{ o[r,rrnocrrroBeqe, orKoJrKoro rrpe3 Mncbl, [nNx4a ce, qe re] HuroroBoprr, HHTo rrlrrrraT 3a regn Herrla (vraxap qe BepoflTHo

HI,IKOMAXOBA ETI,IKA - KHI,ITA X

6u 6nro no-flpeKpacHo, orKoJrKoro Aa ce 3aHnMaBar cr,cc:r,Ae6uu H peropcKu perrn), HHTo rrr,K npaBflT [6p)KaBHr,rMb)Ke cBor,rre cur{oBe u HqKoH or nplrrrenure cu. 1.9-Bepoxrno qflxa, aKo Moxexa. Ttii Karo Hr{rqo no-go6pose 6u ocraHaJro 3a,rl,bpxaBr,rre [uvr], r,r Hr,rqo noBeqe He 6ntrpoI,t3JIt3JIO OT Ta3H BbSMO)KHOCT HI,ITO 3a TrX, HnTO nbKsa Hafi-rIo6r{MHTe r4M xopa. O6a.re r,r3rJre)Kla, qe orrraTHo-crra Aorrpunaca [nonsa]. Trfi Karo He ce cr,3AaBar [bp)Ka-BHH Mr,)Ke upee 6nu:xo npItBIrKBaHe KTrM [Trp)KaBHoroynpaBJreHr,re, To 3aToBa r{3rJrex,qa, qe xeJraeq}rTe ,qa rro3-HaBaT AbpXaBHLrqeCKO:rO r,r3KyCTBO, Ce HyXAaflT OCBeHToBa orqe rr or onnrH ocr. 2O. A resu or coQucrure, Kor.rrooflpeleJrflT Karo cBor npoQecnr rrperrolaBaHero, r{3rJrex-Aa, qe ca rBbpAe orlaJreqeHn or roBa ga o6yuanar nrroJruilJrKaTa. flonexe uso6rqo He 3Harr KaKBo HeUIo e[uornrnrara] ra go KaKB]r Herrla ce orHacr; nHaqe ne 6uxar cMflTaJrr,r sa paBHa c peropr,rKara(65), Hlrro 3a Herrlo no-Jroll-to,-r{nTo 6nx_a..cuflTarv, qe e JrecHo Ia ce cb3AaBasaKoHorareJrcrBo upe: dr6rapaHe Ha re3u or 3aKoHHTe,Kor,rro ce rroJr3Bar c go6po uue. 3arqoro ns6upaHero Hanaft-go6prare cnopeg rxx [earonu] e rara, Karo qe JrHus6oprr He saBuctr or pas6NpaHero, r{ npaBuJrHara npe-IIeHKa ne e Hafi-saxHoro, ct u1o KaKTo B Heuara, orHacfl-ulu ce Ao My3r,rKara. Onnrsure B oT[eJrHr,rre Herrla [peqe-HrBaT npaBr,tJrHo AeJraTa r,r cxBarIIaT qpe3 KaKBO uJrr{ noKaKbB HaqI,IH Ce U3BbpIIIBaT, H KaKBH Helqa C KOI,I CpIlolxox,uar. A sa HeonHTHLrre e Aparo, Koraro He ocraBacKpnro 3a rrx AaJrr,r AeJroTo e r,rgB6prrreuo 4o6pe I,rJrIt Jrorlo,KaKTo B xnBorllacra. 3axonnre u3rJle)K,qar Karo [eJra Ha,4bp)KaB H r,r qecKoTo r,r3 KycTBo; cJr eAoB aTen u o, no K a Kb B H a-rInH qpeg :rsx Hgxoft 6u crauan gaKonoAarer, t4Jtv! Gu ceHayr{r4r ga npeqeuaBa Kor{ ca naft-go6puTe or rsx? 21-TritKaro He Lr3rJrexAa [neponruo], qe JreKapHTe ce cb3gaBaror HarrncaHHTe cbrrr,rHeHu,a, MaKap ve [r:exuure anropn] ceofrr.rTBaT Aa roBop.flT He caMo 3a CpeACTBaTa 3a JreqeHHe, HoI{ 3a HaqnHnTe 3a O3ApaBffBaHe, a CT,IIIO H KaK rpn6tABcHrrKn orAeJrnr,r xopa Aa 6r,gar JreKyBaHH, cJreA Karo car4gflcHuntyt oco6euprte csoftcrsa Ha BceKI,tro. Ho usrnexga,qe Te3U Heqa ca noJIe3HI,t 3a OnnTHHTe, a 3a HeBe)KI{Te Ca6egnoneeHu. Itl rr,it, Mo)Ke 6u u c,s6upaHero Ha gaKoHr,rre

244 245

APVICTOTEA

H Haqr4HrrTe Ha AT,p)KaBHO yupaBneHne 6nxa 6rnnr,r uolegsu3a Te3U, KOI4TO Ca B CbCTOTHHe Aa H3CJTeABaT HayqHO r,r Aarra pas6epar, v [,a orcr'Arrr xoe e go6pe> lanlvt o6parnoro, uKon 3a Koe ca rroAxo[rqtd. A one:u, Kor,rro H.rrMar Kaqec-TBATa Aa [perleHflBaT Te3H Herqa, He MOtaT rrpaBr,rJrHo Aaorcr,AflT, ocBeH aro [rona] He craHe [cnyvaftHo] or cauoce6e cu; a Moxe 6u 6nxa craHaJrlr no-cxBarJruBn no orHo-rleHrre Ha re3u Heula. 22-BnpoueM, cJreA Karo r4 npeAqHTeca ocraBnflH 6es sHt4hranue [nrnpoca sa] c:bcraBrHero Ha3aKoHr.r, Mo)Ke 6H u1e e no-,4o6pe rroBeqe 4a 6tge pa3rJre-laHo To HMeHHo, u ugo6rqo AT,ptKaBHoro yc:rpoficrBo, TaKaue Qunoco$uxra(66), KoflTo ce 3anr,rMaBa c qoBeruKnreHeqa, ,u,a rroJryqn saBbprrreHocr.23. l/L raxa, Hafi-Hanpegqe ce olr{TaMe Aa AocTHrHeM AO npaBUJrHr4Te OnpeAeJre-HI,I'.- aKO r,rMa AaleHr,r TaKHBa oT Harrrr4Te [peA[recTBeH[-qu - no oTHorIIeHUe Ha OT[eJrH]rTe Helrtra, a CJIeA TOBa, OTcbnocTaBKaTa Mexly Qoprraure Ha,4bpxaBHo yrrpaBJreHr{e,IrIe pa3rJreAaMe KaKBn Qaxropl.l sana3Bar u uory6aar gtp-)KaBr,rre [u:o6qo] n re3u 3a BcffKo orAeJrHo Abp)KaBHoyrrpaBJreHr,re [xonrperno], u rro KaKBu nprlrlrdHu eAHr,r orTflx ce yrpaBJr.rrBar 4o6pe, a Apyru - o6parxo. floxexe clegKaro cMe pa3rJreAaJrn roBa, BepoffTHo [o-Ao6pe rqe pa:6e-peM n Koe ,qr,px(anno ycrpoficrBo e nafi-4o6po, u no KaKbBpeA BcrKo e ycTpoeHo, Il qpe3 u3noJI3BaHeTO Ha KaKBrtsaKoHH u oduqau npoqtQrnna.Wrrit, cJreA Karo 3arroqHa-xMe, HeKa ronopurvr(67).

HI4KOMAXOBA ETI4KA - 6EIIEXKI4 NO KHUTA I

OBf, CH'TTEJIH'I E EJIEXKI{

Knnra I

1. Pas6npaHero Karo Merog Ha rrgcJre,qBaHero ce orHactLI KbM nSKyCTBOTO, KOeTO rrpeACTaBJrrBa OrrpeAeneHosHaHrre ea o6rqoro (Mera<fusuKa, I, 1). Ilpo6.rreMbr sapas6upaHero B r,rgKycTBoro v r.ayKara ce rperr.rpa no-HararbK B ,rHr,IKoMaxoBa err{Ka(' (V, 3-7).

2. Brsr.ue4br ga 6.naroro, o6ocnosaH or flnaron, erunpoKo pa3rpocrpaHex B aHTnqnocrra. AnoreH Jlaepqrafi(III,27) or6eJrsgsa cbgbpxarerHocrra Ha cxBaillarrero Haffnaron ga 6naroro (lo6poro). 3a flnaron 6naroro ecr,rHTe3 oT npeKpacHoTo, xapMoHr4ff Ta (crp asrvrepHocTTa)rr lrcrlrHara (@nne6, 65 a). A u ,,3axouu" (732 e -733 a)6naroro ce oilpe[enfl Karo nprrrrHr{fl H paAocreH )K}rBor.B ,flup (205 a) fln_qton noArlepraBa, qe ,,qacrJII,IBlITexopa ca qacrJrlrBr,r, rrouexe o6naAasar 6naroro".Apucrorer rrMa rrpeABHA rr MHeHuero Ha flnaron, uerleJrra Ha Bcr,rqKH AeficrBlrr Ha xopara e npeKpacHoro(,{rpxanara,433 a) unu 6naroro (foprufi, 499 e). AnaApuctoten ce orHacr Kp[TuqecKl,t KbM rJreAr'rlqero Haff.naron. flo rosu noBog Toft [uure n ,rfo.n.atra errrKa"(I,1): ,,... ffnaron BflpHo pasAeJrr,ur Ayrlara Ha pa3yMHa nHepa3yMHa qacT, KaTo HaAaplrJr Bc.flKa qacT cbccborBerHxre 4o6pogereJru... Ho rofi cMecnJr r.r cBbpsaJrgo6pogereJrra cbc cBoero yqeHr.re sa Br.rcurero 6raro uuocrbrrlrJr HenpaBr.rJrno. 3auloro roBa 6naro HflMaorHorrreHue KbM 4o6po4ereJrra Karo raKaBa. Tofi n.ruanocHoBaHue Aa roBopfi ea 4o6pogerenra; AoKoJrKoroBbBegeHure or Hero 6urue v vcruv.a HflMar HHrrIo o6ulo cne#u. Brspa)KeHr{ero ua ApucroreJr ce 1azupaHa BbsrJreAaga eAr,rucTBoro ua o6rqoro rd eAHHHqHoro, Koero e orpageHoHa cblrloro Mflcro B ,,fortMa erI,IKa(': ,A 6naroro KaroTaKoBa He e rbrKlecrBeHo c up.eflTa,3a 6raro. Wgetra za6naro e Herrlo orgeJrHo lr cbrrlecrByBaulo caM rro ce6e cv,a o6rqoro npr{cbcrByBa BbB Bcr,rrrKH HeIlIa u, ecrecrBeHo,He e rbxlecrBeHo c or[eJrHoro. 3aqoro or4eJruoro ucbrrlecrByBarrloro caM no ce6e crr He Moxe Aa ce HaMLrpaBbB BCr{qKU eIr,rHHqHn HerrIA&. BCe nar ea Apucrorel6.raroro [pr,rrexaBa KoHcrpyKTHBHo gualreHlre B xrrBora

246247

AP14CTOTEfl

Ha qoBeKa, 3a[IoTo e cbBbprrreHaTa rleJr n rleJrTa H3o6rqoHa BcrlqKlr Apyru 6aara. Hanpurrrep rqacrr4ero e raKoBa6laro, peailvgvpauero Ha nafi-nncurara qeJI, ,r3rq" Ko.flToqoBeK He ce Hy)Klae or Hltrqo Apyro (fonxr'ra erurz, I,2).3a 6raroro Karo Bceo6qa, yHr,rBepcaJrHa rleJr B)K. ctrrloPeropuxa, I, 7.

3. Cpr. Tonuxa, VI, 8.4. Tyx, n HuxouaxoBa err,rKa r{ B Apyr[ cBotr

npor,r3BeAenux (flonrarnKa,III, VII, 1; IV, I, 1,; VII, XII, 1

r,r Ap.) Apucrorer c6ru:rasa HayKara r,r lrsKycrBoro,AoKoJrKoro r4 B ABere o6racru flcHo ce orKpo.flBar o6rqnrleJrr{ rr rrosHaBarenuu Qaxru. Toft vMa rrpeABr,rA r4 T.Hap.rrpaKTuqecKu H&yKvr, Kor{To rlpr.rTexaBat ga o6ert ualefittocrra Ha I'HAI,IBnAa, HacolleHa KT,M peaJrLr3rrpaHeroHa onpeAeJreHr,r rrp4KTr4qecKr,r pesyJrraru. Cpn.MeraQrasuxa, Vf, L; XI, 7 u xp;3a gyruara, I, 1).

5. flpaxruuecKnre HayKr,r lr lr3KycrBoro (raro qacr orT.Hap. TBopqecKn Hayxr.r) ce 6asupar Ha o[pegeJreHr{ sHaHr4.flIi HaBlrqn. B rsx ce [poflBrBa cnoco6nocrra Ha qoBeKa 3aco6crseH ras6op n peureur{e. Cp". MeraQnanxa,Y,12.

6. Tosa cxBarr{aHe HarroMH"fl pas6upaHero Ha ffnar:on(ffonurrnr, 258 e) 3a T.Hap. [paKTnqecKo n ,,rrosHaBareJrHosHaHue". ApucroreJr noAqepraBa pa3JrrrKara Me)KAyTeopeTr,rqecKr{Te I,t ocTaHaJr}rTe HayKr.I n oco6eno Me)KAyT.Hap. nbpBa QnaocoQua u Apyrlrre KJroHoBe Ha sHaHuero.Cpn. MeraQnsuxa, IV,2. B floln:ruxa (VII, XIII, 7) ceroBopu 3a TeopeTuqecKn v npaKTuqecKr,r pa3yM.flogueprasafaru cxoAHoro Me)KAy rpaKTuqecKnTe HTBopqecKnre HayKH, Apncroren onpeAeJrfl T.Hap.npaKTilqecKo 3Hagr,Ie Karo rrpaK. vKL u rBoprrecrBo. B:r.Touura, VI, 6.

7. T.Hap. Jroura 6eexpafiuocr He BoALr KbM JrortrqecKnHenpornBopeqr,rBr,r onpegeJrenrax. Cpn. ffnaron, 3axoull,898 s - 899 c. ApucroreJr'AopasBnBa rasr,r Mr{cbJr Haffnaron n nogo6no Ha Hero gocrr,rra Ao Lr3BoIa, qe HayqHoroo6gcsesne npeArroJrara HflKaKT,B rrpeAeJr, sa4 xoftro neMo)Ke Aa ,,BbpBlrtt rtbr.rr Ha pa3cr,irgenl,Irra. Or:ryrHeo6xoAr,rMocrra or rrpneMaHero Ha reoperrrqecKr,rrroJroxeHr{r, Korrro He ce Hy)KAarr or o6ocHosasane. CpB.@usura, VIII, 5. flo ornoureHr{e Ha anannsa HaHpaBcrBeHo-err4qecKlirTe v noJlrrrnqecru npo6JreMn

HI4KOMAXOBA ET'IKA . EEflEXKI4 NO KHNTA I

r,r36rrBaHero Ha r.Hap. JIoIla 6esxpaftuocr AoBe)Kla AocxBarrlaHero sa 6raroro Karo nafi-nncura rleJr Ha qoBerrrKuTegeir.crnnn rd rroBeAeHl4e.

8. Cpo: Bropa aHaJIlITI4Ka,I, 33;3a 4yuara,IlI, 4-7.9. B raqecrBoro cI{ Ha HayKa sa Abp)KaBHoro ycrpoftcrBo

r4 3a Abp)KaBara ngo6qo TToJIHTI{Kara (nolurusecKosHanue) uMa AoMr,rHr,rpaqo 3HaqeHHe rro orHolrreH[e HaocTaHaJruTe npaKTI,IqecKId HayKn - BOeHHOTO AeJIO,r.r KoHo MrirKara, nelarorr4Kara. flo-n ararlx (Hnxorrraxon aernKa, X) o6aue Apuctotel nolqepraBa 3aBl,IcllMocrraHa rroJrr,rrr{Kara or MbApocrra, qpe3 KoqTo QunocoQure[oIrloMarar oct,ulecrBffBaHero 6laroro Ha AbpxaBara.flolo6na 3aBrrcl{Mocr JIGruqecKI,I e onpanAaHa cnopeAaBTopa or rrp[opurera, KofiTo reoperl{qecK}ITe rrayKvrlrMaT cnptMo npaKTI,IqecKI{Te I4 ocTaHaJrI,ITe KJIOHOB9 Hagnanuer:o. (Cpt. MerarfrasraKa, f, 1; XI, 1, 4,7).3arrloroTeoperr,rqecKl,ITe HayKLI (Queuxa, MareMarI'IKa, rrrbpBa

QunocoQrax) rperrapat Qyu4arueHTaJIHIdre Bbnpocrr Ha3HAHHETO.

10. B fonsr'ra erI,IKa (I, L) ApucroreJl orlpeAeJlt erllKaraKaro Hepa3AeJIHa qacT oT noJIIITIIKaTa. Tarur roftnoArrepraBa: ,,oaKTHqecKvr He e Bb3MOXHO qOBeK Aageficrnyna n o6[IecrseHHt xLIBor, aKo He npI{Te)KaBaoilpeleJreHr,r eTrrqecKl,I KaqecrBa, a uMeHHo aKo He e

Aocroeu qoBeK. [a prge qoBgK AocroeH - 'roBa o3HatlaBa,qa [pnrexana go6pogereJll{. W ouzu, rofito AeficrByBa B

o6qecrsenvfl vt rroilurl,IqecKl,It xltBor, rpr6na ga 6lgeqoBeK c 4o6pogereJleH HpaB. 3atona eruKara' u3rJrexga' elracr r,r HaqaJro Ha rloJrItrI{Kara.ItL uso6qo crpyBa MII ce, qeTO3rr rrpeEMeT no upaBo Moxe [a ce Hapeqe He eTHKa, anonraruxal!.

11. TasH Mr{cr,JI e eAHa or ocHoBl{nre I,I BoAetuu re3u B

TpaKTara ,,florutl,rxa", Kbgero (I, I, 1)- -s-a Haft-sucure6naro ce onpeAeJrr aAeKBarHoro noJll,rrl.rrlecKo o6qynane.B crrqux rpaKTar (III, V, 1) arroprr nulne: ,,... Bl,Icrrero6.uaro e [peAI,IMHo IIeJITa Ha naft-rnaBH[ITe or BcuqKLIHayKlr r.r u3KycTBa, a I{MeHHo Ha noJII,ITlIKarac.

L2. Eruxara e cBoero poAa rroJIrIT[Ka, [oKoJIKoropasrJrexla Hp aB I,ITe Ha rp a)KAaHHTe. OrHorrreHLlero Me)Klyerr4KaTa u noJrr{Tr{Kara ce rperl,Ipa cpaBHHTeJIHo uogpo6noB ,,flornruKa", B Koero npongBeleHue ce AeQuunpat

248 249

!::!t:l::::::i.iii:l API4CTOTEfl HLIKOMAXOBA ET]4KA - EEJIEXKYI NO KHilTA I

Ao6po4ereJlH[It xllBor Bx. forqNla erllKa' I,3-4.i6. Bra:r,rpa ce B:lsrreAbr Ha flnaron (,[lpxanara, 509

s, 5"1,7 c), ue 6r,rAefiru BbpxoBHa rrpl4po[a, 6raroro enpuqfiHa Ha ,,npaBuJIHoro I{ npexpacnorott.-

17 . Cpn. Bropa aHaJILtrI,IKa,I,23; ffnaton, ,{lp:xanara,510a-511c.

18. Apncroren MapKHpa IBara rrolxoAa Br'B

Q rn.rr oc o <[ rax r a - aH aJI H T vtqrvt fl I,I cl,l HTer I4 q n nx. B ep on,ru orofi uvra npeA,BrIA cborBerHldt nacax or filp:raaara (510r - 51L c) ua fharoH, KbAero ce onpegeJlsr,q,Bara rIogxo[a'ocHoB aHI,I Ha rrpa3AeJleHl,Ieros( u,ct6upaHeros'.

19. flonoxeHlle, Koero nogqepraBa 3HaqeHl{ero Haorrr{Ta r,I HeroBure Qaxtra.

20. Bx. Xesraog, \etau asu,293-297. Crwx294 ,,nu>rgaKoe e nafi-go6poro tI Kpafi, v cerrrrvtre" e npoilycHar B

rlnrara ua Apucrorel. AntoprJT qecro qHTHpa rpbIlKI'ITerroern. Ouennguo roft ce npugt p)Ka rlu y6e;rgeHl4ero HaflnatoH, rre noerlrrg .ca.,,6anII4 H BoAaqI{ Ha SHaHvtero"(Jlusrac, 213 e) - y6ex4eHl,Ie, Koero I{Ma cBoeroocHoBaHue, KaTo ce B3eMe npeIBI,IA T.flXHaTa U3KJIIOqnTeJIHonoJr3orBopHa I,I Bcecrpasna Aefi socr' rIpeAlrrecrBaula raSHna Sn.nocoQure u nporl,Iqaqa cJreg ToBa yclopegHo c Heq.

21. ApucroreJl ce Bpr,tqa KbM pasulexgaHero Hanpo6rerura ga 6naroro H lqacruero, Koero 3anoqBa n rn.IVHa cbrrrara (nrpna) KHura.

22. ApucroreJr nMa npeABI,IA H xe,qoHl4crl4qecKororJreAr,rrqe Ha H.flKoI,r QvnocoQll, Halp. Ha npe4craBlareJlI'rrena Kupencrara IrIKoJIa, Iagpa3eHo tcuo oT ,{uoreH Jlaepunft(II, 88-90) B onpegeJleHl{ero: ,,Bcu'IKLI xHBH cblrlecrBaTbpcrr y,4oBoJlcrBt{ero I{ ue6srsar crpaAaul'Ieto. floryAoBoJrcrB ne'te pazdupar yAoBoJIcrBuero Ha reJIecuocrra,Koero rlplreMar 3a IIeJI... Kato gora3areJlcrBo, qe rIeJITa eyAoBoJrcrBl{ero, Te npl,IBexlar roBa, qe or [ercKI4Te cI'IroAHHlt n 6eg scqxaKBo pagcT')KAeHHe It trpaBHJIo HI'Ie cMeCBI,IKHaJIIT c Hero I4 KoraTo ro [ocrLIrHeM, He )KeJraeMHr{rqo Apyro. Hanporun, HI,Ie He ng6qrsalle Hldtqo raKa'raxro cTpalaHueTo, Koero e rlporr{BonoJloxHo HayloBoJrcrBllero. Te lurucnqt ocBeH ToBa' qe yAoBorcrBHeroe rreJrra Ha qoBeruKata lefisocr, Aa)Ke aKo rlporl'Iqa orHafi-cpaunu Heqa... VlononcrBvrflTa Ha r.aJloro lrMr,r3rJrexlar' raro ilo-BHclrru or Te3I,I Ha EyruaTa I4

rIeJrr{Te Ha Ebp)KaBaTa KaTO OCbrrleCTBtBaHe HaecrecrBeHr,rre saro)K6n rr crpeMexr,r Ha r{HAlrBHAa KbMgo6pogereJreH xnBor. Cps. A- ,{oraryp, flonr.rruKa tiIoluTltro. Apucrorenfl, M-JI, 1965; Th. Gomperz,Griechische Denker, III. Leipzi g, L906; M. Defdurni,Aristote. Etudes sur la Politique.- Paris, 1932; R. Weil,Aristote et I'Histoire. Essais sui la Politique. paris, L96O urp.

13. flpo6neMbr sa orHorrreHnero Me)K,{y rpupoAnure3aKoHlr r{ Tegr.r Ha AbpxaBara e cpaBHr{TeJrno no4po6HopasrJreAaH or coQncrure, KoHTo ot6entgnarnpoTHBonoJroxHocTTa MeXAy [pnpoAaTa H TpDKAaHCKT{fl)Kr{Ber. fllaroH (flporarop, 337 e) npeAaBa AyMr{Te HacoQucra Xunuft, qe xopara ca poAcrBelrraqu pr 6nnsxu ,,nonpupo[a, a He no clrJrara Ha gaKoHa Ha Atpxanata,,. 3axoutTB noJrHca BJracTBa HaU BOJrrTa r{a xopaTa ra rH rrpr{Hy)KAaBaqecTo Aa nocTbrrBaT IIpoTI,TBHO Ha USUCKBaHI,IqTa HAuprrpoAara. 3aqoro ro npnpola xopara ca cno6ognu, a3aBLICI,IMII OT 3aKoHIiITe Ha IIOJIIICa, KOHTO IIO AyMHTe HacoQncra Tpae unaax ca npaBoro I,t rroJle3Horo 3a rro-clrJrHLI"B(flrarou, ,{rp:ranara, 338 c

- 344 a,).14. 3a Haqarara Ha AoKa3aTencrBoro r:r. Br:opa

aHa.rrr.lrnra, I, 6.15. Tagra Mr,rcbJr yrBbpxraBay6ex4ennero Ha flnarou,

rofiro n ,,,[tpxaBara" (539 n) nrlrrre: ,,Hur,ra ne. exeo6xo4nrrra raKaBa npe4rra3Ha MspKa, a nMeHHo Aa He ceAO[yCKa Orrle B MJTaAH fOIHH]t BKyCbT KbM pascb>rgenun?Ag v^vtcntfl, qe or re6e ne- y6xrna -

Qaxrtr, ue[o[pacTBarrlETe? rrloM BeAHbX BKyCTT OT pa3cbxEel/.t4frTa',Karo Ha rrrera gJloynotpe6xnar c rflx, yBJrI,Iqar ce rronportrBopecrilflTn H fioApa:Kasa.iaxu Ha oHegr4, KoHTo rlrorrpoBepraBaT, caMr,r 3arroqBaT Aa orrpoBepraBaT ApyruTe,lr3fruTBaT y,4oBoJrCTBr{e oT TOBa, qe c AoBoA}rTe cr,r Te,nogo6uo Ha JroBA)Kr,rftcrn xyuera Abpnar r.r saxannar cAyMlr oHegn, Kor,ITo ulr nonagar*.

- LSa. Apucrorel -fip]rBelrAa o6r4oto y6exgenne, ue

6rarogeucrBlrtero u 6laronoryqnero 03HaqaBar lrlacrJrnBxr,rBor. Ho rofi r.rMa rrpeABr.tA r{ KyJrrypur{r eJrHT Bo6nlecrnoro. Beporrno roft yuzwita uo-c[eqr{aJrHonpnBbp)KeHr,rqr,rre na QunocoQuara sa ff"rraron. 3aorHorrreHuero Me)KAy rrlacruero, 6laro[oryquero .H

250 251

APl/ICTOTEfl

cTpaAaHLrtTa Ha rtJIoTo ca IO-MT,qI,ITeJrHI,I, OTKOJTKOTOcTpaaalJvrflTa Ha AyuaTa'(.

23. Tpu HaqlrHa Ha xr4Bor: cr,3eprlarenen, 4eftcreen(nparruuecru) n xegoHr{crlrqecKra. Cpn.,{raoren JIaepuufi ,V, 31. B 3aronra (733 e) ffuaron roBopr,r 3a pa3cr,[r{TeJreH,pa3yMeH, Ma,)KecTBeH rr 3ApaB HaqIAHI'I Ha )KHBOT, Ha KOTITOorroBapqr cborBerHo 6espascr,gHlaflT, pasro3AaHurr,crpaxJlrrBr,rrr Lr HegAparlal^T. Tesu Ha.ruHr,r Ha )KuBor cer,rSrpaxAaT B 3aBucr,rMocT Ha poJrsTa Ha yMepeHocTTalpa3yMa, BoJrrra r,r crpacrra. B gecera KHura HaHurovraxonara ernKa Apucroren pa3rJrexlaQranocoScrara cr,sepqareJrHocr Karo Blrcure 6.naxencrno,aHaJror Ha KocMnqecRu.fl HenoABI{xeH ABI,IfaTeJI, CXBaHaTraro nceo6qa ueJr. flogo6eu HaqLrH Ha cbrrlecrByBaHe enapalurMa Ha qoBernKoro cbrr{ecrByBaHe rngo6rqo. BKaqecTBoro cn Ha Br,rclra go6poqerel no,qo6no 6naxencrnoe Ao roJrflMa creneH 6egornocureJrHo or MarepuaJrHnre6nala, caMogaAoBoJrflBarqa ce BbrpelrHa HarJraca Ha qoBeKa,a He TIT,JIHO OTcbcTBr,re na gefinocr. fIOlO6no cr,cToflHr,IenpeAcraBJIxra npn6ru3HTeJreH,,[peBogt' Ha a6conrcTHoToHaqaJro o cy6errurY.vfl, cBrr Ha qoBeKa.

24. Crasa AyMa sa JrereHlapHut acupuitcKn BJralereJr,cranaJr o6paseq Ha cJratrocrpacrHHr )KnBor.

25. B xlrMHa, nocBereH ua Xepuufi, uagereJr HaArapxeft (Mala Asur), Apncrorel onpe[errtgo6pogereJrra Karo ,,naft-rpy,uuara, Ho u Hafi-rpacvrraraupngo6rEaxa" Ha .roBeulKLt.fl xtIBoT, tIgrIt,JIBalqa Aylrrara c,,6eecurprna cvra" (Bx. ,{uoren Jlaeprluft, V, 7-8).

26. BeponrHo ce r,rMar ilpeABr{A Hesarra3eHn TpaKTarr4na Apucroren.

26. Crrqnocrra Ha r.Hap. cb3eprlareJreH )Kr{Bor aBTopbrTpeTr,rpa [o-HaTaTbK B AeCeTa KHprra Ha TpaKTaTa cH.

27. Cpn. Kplrrr{qHr.rre 6ete:rKrr Ha Apncrorel rMeraQuenrca,I, 9; XVIII, 4 u gpyrage.

28. Tegn AyMLr trspasflBar cMHcr,Jra Ha rrpoqyrara Qpae a:,, O 6n v avr fln arou, Ho npe4rro q vr aM vrcrvrH ara". flo4o6n aMr,rcbJr B eIHa no-o6o6qena <fopvryra, e vsKlsaHa orffaaroH, rofiro n.{rpxanara (595 c) nogvepraBa, qe ,,HeMOXe Aa Ce IIeHI,t qOBeKbr rroBeqe, oTKoJrKoTo VtcTVtr.aTA".

29. Cpn. MeraQxsNxa, I, 6-8; III, 3; XIII, 6-9.30. 3a orHorueHr,rero Mexgy 6laro u [peKpacHo B)K.

f[.natoH, Xuuqfi foreuu.a, 297 a. B Kputou (48 n) ftrnatospa3rJre)KAa go6po, xy6auo (npexpacno) u c,npaBe,qJrl{BoKaro crrHoHrarrar,r. Or Corpar n fllaton ra[na y6e:rAeHl'Iero,qe,,Hafi:roJrflMoro 3JIo e HecnpaBeI{JIl,IBocrra'( (fllarox,fopruft 469 y). 3arosa uo-go6pe e Aa ce rbpnuHecnpaBeAJII,IBOCTTa, oTKoJIKoTo Aa ce rlpurra. 3aApucrorer cnpaBe[JII.{Bocrra ce orHact KT'M

,,gb6pogereJll,ITe na gynrata",(Touura, VII, 3)- HeftHoroonpeAeJreHHe e Bb3MoxHO rlpeS [poTHBOnOCTaBflHeTo n Ha

HecnpaBeAJIlIBOCTTa.:i. no nplrHqur orpeneJleHI'Iero Ha 6naroro tpx6ra ga

r4Ma rrpe[BLIA HalIaJIar a nilv npl{Hql{flure My- B;r. fltpnaaHaJruruKa, I, 30.

32. 6oxecrseHata npupoAa e napaAurMa Haa6corpruocr I,I cbBbprueHcrBo (cpn. MeraQueuxa, XII' 7)u rrpeAMer Ha BbpxoBHaTa rIo3HaBaTeJIHa Bb3MOXHOCT Haoosera (cpr. flar- tau, VI, 1). Cpn. Apucrorel, 3a He6ero,I, 9; IIr'f; 3a ursHnKBauero I,I yHI4IIIo)KeHIaero' II, 10;

Qraeuxa, YII,l-2; VIII, 5-7, 10.33. Or rHoceoJlorllqecKa rJIelHa roqKa yMT,T I'IJII'I

pa3yMbr e Haqaroro Ha HayKara (Bropa alaaflv:TlaKa' I, 33).Tofi e Bbrpe[rHI,I.f,T cItHTeS Ha raatrt'sttcurl{Te paq[oHaJIHItnporBlr rr rrHTeJIeKTyaJI HIt y,4OB OJICTBLII', I]tpe\craBJltBacaMo3aAoBoJItBaIIIa ce yMcrBeua gefiHoct, 6la:renorocbcroflHue Ha qoBeKa, [peAeJlbr, [o xofiro Aocrura nafi-a,qeKBarHoro peaJlI{3I,IpaHe Ha a6corrornoro B npeAeJIHTena cy6extuBHlrfl cB.ar Ha LIHALIBI'IAa.

34. Bx.- MeraQnsura, I, 6-8.35. Bx. MeraQraenra, VI[, 2; XlI, 5. Cuescun (or.

409-339 r. up.u.e.) - yqeHI,IK sa fllaroH LI npbBpbKoBoAr,rreJl Ha QunocoQcxara IITKoJIa Ha Ara4er'rulracJreA Hero. Kourenrupa yqeHl4ero My 3a l{Aeurer KaTo roc6nlr:rasa Id cBtp3Ba olqe [o-Tflcuo cbc cxBaulaHuqra Hanuraropeftql,ITe ga qncroro.

36. Togn npo6revr ce rperltpa Ha pasrnqHll Mecra B

TpaKTara Ha Apucrorer ,,3a [yurara". Cpn. Tonrar'a,T, L7 -

37. ApncroreJl npeyrB'bp:KgaBa cBoefo cxBarraHe 3aeAnHrdqFr{Te Heqa vI flBreldvrfr KaTo rIbpBI,I CbTIIHOCTT{' AO

KOr{TO Ce OTHaCt SHaHI{eTo I,I Ha KouTo ce npullvcBaTo6rqure rorrqrlt.s (xareropnu) - BTopa cblllxoclt,KoJrr{qecrBo, KaLIecrBo, orHolrreHl{e u np. (Bx. Kateroplz,:,zr,

H]4KOMAXOBA ETI4KA - 6ENEXKI4 NO KHilTA I

252 253

APLICTOTEN

4; Bropa auar,vtrvKa, II, 7 ; MeraQusraxa, ylI, 7.38. Oupe4e.rreHrlero ,,o6rqecrneuo cbruecrBo

(xunoruo)'o e rleJrenoJrarauo orrpeAeJreHHg DrroJrr{Tr{qecKara QnnocoQua na ApNcToreJr. To urraaKOHCTpyKTT{BHO 14 BOAeIIO 3HalreHue I,I B eTr,rKaTa HaQranocoQa. Bx. flonstuxa, I, l, 9.

39. Bx. flo-nararrK I, 10.40. Bx. MeraQusuxa, Y,'1.6.41. B fo"rrxMa eruKa (I, 4) AprEcroTeJr noAqepraBa, qe

rrlacTueTo He e oT,qeJreH MoMeHT OT XUBOTa Ha r.IHALrBr{Ia;ro o6xna[1a rleJrr4ff x[IBor Ha qoBeKa. ,,W tpanuJlHo c9Ka3Ba, qe sa rqacr.nun tpx6na Aa ce nprasHae qoBeKa B KpatHa HefoBI,It )KI,IBOT, B CMHCbJI, qe 3a CbBbprlreHo rrlacTl{e caHeo6xognvru Lr 3aBbprlreH cpoK or )KlrBoTa, !r cbBbprrreuqoBgKtt.

42.TOsunpO6lerr,r ce TpeTnpa ntn BrOpa ananraruxa, I.43. B ,[eaa ]r [Hr{, 40 na Xesuo4 e npHBe[eH yrrpeKbr,

lre [oJroBtrHaTa cTpyBa noBeqe oT rlflJroTo. B 3aroHra, 753a fkaros or6ersgsa nocJroBuqara, KofiTo rJracr4, qeHaqaJroro e noJroBlrHara Ha BcrKa pa6ora, nopaAr,r KoeroHa Hero ce ,rflpl,IgaBa BT,gxBaJIato. Ty*, B cbrl]rHeHltero HaApucrotel, KaKTo ce BH)KAa, ce rloAqepraBa gHaqeHlreroHa HaqaJroTo, aHaJrLr3bT Ha KOeTO rIpeACTaBJrJ{Ba,peruI{TeJIHa crbnKa" Kr,M II.gJIocrHoro u3cJIeABaHe Hanpo6leua.

44. Bx. Bropa aHaJrHTr{Ka, II, 10.45. ,,BtHurnHre 6nara He ca AyxoBHr,r u Hvt ce [aAar

6narogapeHue Ha clyuaftnocrra rr rrlacrJrr{Bar a c,ng6a.H.spra Hr{To eI}rH rroBeK, xofiro 6n 6ua cnpaBe4Jrr,rB ulrvtBl'3AbpxaH 6larogapeuve laa, crg6arz" (flonurura, VI[,I, 5). A cropeA TbrrKyBaHero Ha,[noren jlaepqufi (V, 30)BbHrrrHnre 6nara ea Apncroren ca 6orarcrBoro,3Haruocrra, cJraBara r,r Ap. no4o6nu. flegnara roqKa HaApucroren orqnra poJrflTa Ha pagrurrHnre 6raoloruqecKfiH coqHaJrHr,r Qaxropr,r. B flo.nurura, VI[, I,2 ce or6enssnarTpr.r Br,rAa 6.nara - BbHrrrr{H, QusHuecxu l.r 45xonHn. floTo3r,r noBog Anoren Jlaepurafi (V, 30 ) npanr.r crreArroroyroqHeHue: ,,Aprac,roreJl e KagBaJr, .le qacTr,rero errbJlHorara Ha rpu rnga 6lara: rrtpBo no 3HaqeHr,re roBa caIyIXeBHr,ITe; BTOpO, trOBa Ca TeJrecHHTe, KaKBI{TO Ca3IpaBeTo, ct{raTa, KpacoTaTa r,r Apyrr4 oT To3r,r poA; TpeTo,

HI4KOMAXOBA ETYIKA . EENEXKI4 NO KH]4TA I

't'oBa ca BbHTHI,ITe 6lara, KaKBlrro ca 6orarcrBoTo'SHarHOCTTa, CJraBara I,I Apyru or ro3H poAt'. MopalHaraQnnocoQun Ha MI{cJI}Iterfl ce ocuoBaBa v Ha&HTponoJIoruqecKl,t n coquilJIHo-[oJrI',ITI'ItrecKH H3I',ICKBaHHfl

n Hoprtara. Cpn. flonurI,IKa, I,II, tl'Lz. BlHllsrare 6lara cacBoero poAa opbAue 3a rlocrllrauero Ha A)D(oBHLITe 6nara.Bx. flo.nnrzra, VII, I, 4. Ha gpyro Mtcro s nornrura(VII, I, 3) ce no4qepraB&l ,... He Ao6po[ereJlure cenpngo6unar I{ cbxpaHr{Bar or BIHITTHHTe 6Jlara' atHanporlrB, BbHITIHUTe 6.nara ce uplrAo6l{BaT U CbXpaH.f,Baror po6pogereJrr{Te4.

46. Krrvr ,,6rarata Ha Ayluara" ce otsacflT pa3yMHocrra'go6pogereJlTa lt Hacn a)KAeHllero. Cpn. I olrrvr a eruKa, I, 3 -

47. Cpb Tonuxa,I, L4.48. OnpegeJleunero,,tttgpoct" npure:raBa AbJrra

vlcropufl, [oKaro npugo6ne oHoBa-3HaqeHI'Ie, Koero LrMa

[o-KtcHo B HayKara n Qu.uocoQurra. Orna'rano ro03HaqaBa npeguMHo AefiHocr' cBbp3aHa c'bcgaHaxrq[ftcrBoro, JroBKocr, rlptlcblrla Harlp. Ha AbpBapsilr r,r KopM rr vfrT a., ynpaBJlfl Ba ropa6a (ltlnnaga, XXIII, 3 1 6 -

318), uexycrBo, Koero AbpBoAeJIellbr e ,,LI3yqHJI..- or MbApaArnsa" (flax rau, XV,4l2\, yMeHHe, Koero He ce onilpacaMo Ha Queuuecxara euila, Ho I,I Ha pa3yMa, lrjln K-o9Tg.errpr{cbrrlo Ha raAareJlt I,I neBeIIa (Ogucex, XVII, 382-383).BuocneAcrBne Mblpocrra ce cgpb3Ba c ycrpoficrBoro I'I

yflpaBJreuuero Ha rroJrttca, pas6upanero Ha xrareficxuteBbrrpocu n upaKTHqecKoro I,IM ocMlrcJltHe. Bcraqro tonaHaMI,Ipa BbrrJtbqeHl{e n n Aeftnocrra Ha',c€Aeute-trar4pequt'sa Eiaaa npes VII n VI B.rp.H.e. flpes V o.up.H.eMbApocrra e Aefinoctra na coQuctrare (flporarop, fopruft,Xnnufi, flpogur fi Ap.), npf,Ko HacoqeHa KbMocblllecrBsBaHero ua o6yueHnero I,I Bb3[uraH]Iero HaMnaAoro rroKoJIeHI'Ie. 3a-flrIaton (finpxaBara, 445 e;florurur, 292 c; 297 c) MbApocrra l{3pa3flBapaqfioHarr,rsrdpaHeTo Ha xI,IBora B AbpxaBaTa' uopaAuKoero roft aueJllrpa He KbM MHorocJIoBne, a KbMMHoroMr,rcnue (3axouu, 641 e). C QunocoQr'rfl:ra HLApucrorer Mblpocrra npugo6nra Apyra $oprraa - I1^afr'

Br{cfirara cre[eH Ha I{HTeJIeKTyaJIHara 4eftnocr, rofiro ecaMosaAoBoJrffBalrla ce 4o6pogerel. B fo.rrnua errara (I,34) ce uere: ,,Mrgpocrra ce cbcrou or sHaHr4ero n yy.ta. Ta

254 255

r.IMa pa6oTa, v c [bpBoHarraJlaTa, r,r c oHoBa ,KoeTorrpor43xoxAa (npouennsa) or fibptsoHaqarara v Koero onpeAMer Ha 3Hanr,rero.t'

49. ApwcroreJr MapKr,rpa cxBarrlatvrfl, o[petreJrrrq[oTHoureul,Iero Me)K,qy 6uoloruqecKnre H corluaJlHldreQarropra Ha qoBerrrKoro 6rarrae.

50. Vceqaxero, Mr4cJreHero, yAoBoJrcrBHe'ro - ToBa ca

pa3JII,IqHr{Te CbCTOflHI,It Ha AyIIraTa, KO}ITO HMaT 3a ,rO6tqA6a3a" geftuocrra. Oruensnre cnequQn.urn Qoplurra naqoBerx Kara geft noc:r o6yca annr pasJr r,rrrHr4 yAoBoJr crBtrr ltnpI4Te)KaBaT HeeAHaKBO 3HaqeHr4e KbM r.r3rpa)KAaHeTo Ha{yxoBHufl cB.flT Ha vnilurvrqa. Cpn. 3a Ayrrrara, II, 3;Peropuxa, I, 9.

51. ElevreHT[Te Ha yAoBoJrcrBr,rero ca paAocr"a,HacJra)KAeHrdero, BeceJruero (Tonnrca, II, 6) ll nplrrrnoro(flax rarra, IV, 4). Ho noruqecru ce noflyrraBarHe-[pneMJrr,rB]t ]tsBoAr{, aKo ce npueMe, qe yAoBorcTB}reToe 6aaro. Tara noneqe y,qoBoJrcrr.ue 6nogHaqasaro r{ rroBeqe6naro. (Bx. TonNxa, II, 10).

52. Cpv. Peropnxa, I, 11- Tosu npo6nerur ce Tperr4pacpaBHr.{TeJrso o6crofiso H or IIna'roH (B:r. 3axonu-,732-e;,{rpxaeara, 583 c - 587 a; @egoH, 60 c; Qrnne6,'31 c wrp.)-

53. T.e. sa BrrcoKoHpaBcrBeHr4r rroBeK yAoBoJrcrBl{eroe cBbp3ano no HrKaKbB HaETHH (u zanncwrvro) orgo6pogereJrure.

54. To He ce cBexAa Ao elHa urvr Apyra Qoprura na6raroro, a ce H3rpa)K[a or ,,Muoro uu4oi6 Ha'6naroto..

55. Cpn. Ioprn_fi, 45t e, Kbgero ff.rraron rpr4BexAarrplrnHcBaHaTa r{a cnuonng [eceH, B KO.ffTO KaTO rleJr 3ao6urnoseHrrg qoBeK, ce coqar 3ApaRelo, Kpacorara r,r6ora:rcrsoro, npu4o6uro qecrHo.

AP14CTOTEJI

, 56- Tona onpeAeJrenr4e na ApucroreJr He e rrbJrHo HgaKTHqecKn He oTroBapr HanbJrHo Ha npeanra,'My 3ago6po4ereJreH xr,rBor.

57. To-eu npo6-neu e rocraBeH orrle oT coQncrure. Aflrtaros n Menou,70 nuue: ,,Kaxro qe Mr,r *a*eiu Corpare,- Moxe rrr{-Aa ce fipr,rAo6una go6po4ereJrra nocpeAcrBoMyvenero? Wnu rs He Mo)Ke [a ce HayqaBa r{ Mo)Ke Aa ce[ocTr,rra eluHcTBeHO qpeS yrrpaxHeHHeTo r{ Ce AaBa oT

^l2s0'

flpupoAara ]IJII{ rro HltKaKt,B Apyr naunH?"'' 34. g [ocJleAHara KHI4ra Ha rpaKTata Apuc:rorenpa3flcHtBa ToBa cBoe cTaHoBI'IIIle.' 59, Bx. HurovraxoBa eruKa, I' 4.

60. Apr.rctoreJl cnoMeHaBa [plr[ucBaHara Ha ColonMr,Apocr i,npo"t, KaKBOTO rlpaBnlrr' uo cr'6'nroAaBafi Kpafl('(,,fnegafi Kpafl"), KoflTo I'IMa rlp.er'Bl'Il{ cr'BKynHocrra Ha

o o u e - *"t "' gei,t ir sux. X epo gor (I' 3 2) np r'I B exI a- {}t*'t n're

Ha CoJroH, aApecupaHlt Kl'M nup.uitcxul'BJla[ereJl Kpes, ue

e seo6xoluMo Aa ce Bb3Aa'p)KaMe [a,ofipeAeJlflMe qoBeK 3a

rlracrJlrrB, AoKaro e )KIT B. 3auroro o6exrnsHara oIleHKa 3a

HDaBcrBeHu.a o6lur Ha qoBeKa u3ItaKBa cbBKynHocrra orulr.r*, ocHoBHrd <[ar'opu Ha xI'I3HeHara cpe4a I'I rrarJlHora

Ha qoBeIIIKoro 6urue.61. Bx. flonurura, VI, IX, 2-

62.Mucr't Ha CuMoHLrg (VI-V n.np'u'e') or o-B Keoc'flnaroH (flporarop, 339 r) fl ilpl'IBexga rlo-nbrlHo:

,,,[o6tp qoBeK Aa craHellr eTpyAHo, c pbue, KpaKa H yMx'eagparen 6esynpeuHo ct 3,4ageH".

Cnopeg nnraropeficKoro cxBa[IaHe KBaAparr'T equcJIOTO qeTLtpI4' KOeTo e 3aBbplxeK Ha av|a4aTa,crerreHyBaHe Ha ql{cJloro ,qBe' e eAI'IHcrBo (cl6npane) uarrr4croro ABe cbc caMoro ce6e cu. flopaAu roBa KBaAparbre ceTrrBHaTa Qoprraa nJrn HarJreA Ha 3aBbprIIeHocT lI IIb"tIHQTa.

63. Aprac:roreJl Bt,3pa3tBa Ha MHeHl4ero' cnopeA Koero

,,Karo qe JII4 AeficrsureJlHnTe npuuuuvt 3a u1Agg4-ero- caBr,HrtrHr{Te 6nara. Ho rosa e Bce eAHo aKo KaTO npuql'IHa 3a

6necrrtqara u npeKpacHa MeJIoAvIfl Ha KI'ITapara ce curtr,LcaMuflT HHcrpyMeHT' a He H3Ky-crBoro Ha cBHpg-ql1j..

1non"tu"u, 'fII, XII, 4). B forqlula ernKa (I, 33)

AOCTOftHCTBOTO I,r cbBlbplrreHcTBoTo Ha MopaJIHoTocbSHaHIte v noBeAeHI'Ie ce cBbp3BaT V cI>c

c[paBeAJlnBocrra. I4so6uo 6e: nparcrBeHn KaqecrBa HtMa

" npe*pac"o (Pe'ropnra, I, 9). Benuquero, 6laropogcrBoro

r,rJrH Bt'3BHlrreHOCTTa Ha Ayxa (xaloxararun) ue e npl.cbulaB eAHaKBa creneH Ha scuqxla'xopa (l-IonvrnKn, I, V, 4:5)'Brn Br:opa aHaJII4Tl{Ka Bb3BI'lureHocrra Ha Ayxa.99 olp€'4eJItKaro eAHHcrBo Ha rpeKpacHoro u 6laroro (II, 13)' EesHpaBCTBeHI'I yCTOI'I qOBeK e ,'HeqeCTItBO H AIIBO CT'UI9CTBO"

(flo.nurraxa, I, l, 12).iiI

t1 257

AP1/ICTOTEN HvxoMAxoeA Ert4KA - EEttEXKrl no K1!4IAl

64. B flo"nrarrara (IV, IX,2) Apucrorel or6elxsna,.reoH3Ia )KHBor e ,,6ra)KeHtt n rqacrrnB, tIpH xoftto necblIecTByBaT rrpellfl,TcTBufl 3& peaJrr{3r,rpaHeTo Hago6po4ereJrnre.

65. Tagra Mr,rct,Jr He ce cbrJracyBa cbc cxBarrlaHero HaQun oco Qa, orp H q arqo 6escurprn6ro n a n HAr,r B r,r.qyaJr H aI&gyma. flo scsra BepoflTHocr ryK ce Br.r3npa berlorouleAlrrqe Lr BtpBaHe, npucl,IIIH na O6UXHOBeHI,ITe XOpa ucBlp3aHr,r c KyJrToBaTa npaKTr,rKa Ha aHTI,rqHtH CBflT.

66. Tosu nacax ce noxcnqsa s fonsNra erlrKa (I, 2):,rHeKa Aa ce orrnTaMe tra onpegeJrrrM B KoJrKo cMucbJla ceroBopn sa 6raroTo. Or 6laraTa eAHr,t ce oTHacsr KbMIIeHH!ITe Herlla, Apyru - KbM rroxBaJlHI,ITe, a TpeTr,I _ KbMBb3Mox,Hocrr,rre. IdenHo a3 HapuqaM 6oxecrrenoro 6laro,nafi-xy6aooro, Hanp. AyrrraTa, yMa, oHoBa, Koero e[3HaqaJrHo, rrr,pBorrp]tHrlr{[ l{ Apyro nogo6uo. flpu ronarleHno.ro e Her.qo fiorruTaeMo... [o6po4ererra e cbrrlorlenHocr, rqoM Karo 6laro4apeHne Ha Her qoBeK craBaAocToeH. Torana rofi AocTr.rra rpr4cr,qara Ha go6pogereJrraKpacora. floxsaaHoro 6raro e crqo go6po4eieJr B Ta3lrcrerreH, B KaKBaTo ca iloxBaJIHr{ p,eilcrnutra,npeAl,rgBI{KBarrIn noxnaJra. Enara-stsr\,to)KHocrl4

- ToBa caBJracrra, 6orarctnoro, cuna.Ta., KpacoTaTa.,{o6pogeTerH}r.rrr qoBeK rr.r n3noJr38a ra go6poriour"qr

-sa Jrouro. Ilopagrl ra3u lrMeHHo rrpuquHa raKnBa 6nara ceHapurrar BbsMoxHocrra. Te geftcrnlrreJrHo ca 6.uara,,qoKonKoTo BcrKo eAHo or rrx ce ycTaHoBrBa (loxasna)KaTO TaKOBa C TOBa, KaK rO HSnoJISBa He JIOIII,IffT, agocrofiHnxr qoBeK. Taxusa 6lara noHrKora r,rMar 3a cBoflnpuquua clyqafiHocrra. flo ct4rara Ha cryqa, Mo)Ke [a cenpugo6rae H 6orarctso, H BJracr, r,r ngo6rqo oHoBa, KoerocnaAa KI,M BbSMO)KHOCTT{Te.

67.Togu Bbnpoc ce rperlrpa no-nogpo6no n xn.X, rn.gHa TpaKTaTa.

,,6!-i EoxecrnpT.e...e, ,ulacrJr14Bo vt 6laxeno He6narogapenue Ha HIKaKBH ntnurlru 6lara, a caM no ce6eclr H rropaA_H npr4cbrrlure My ro np[po4a Kavecrna(floruruxa, VII, I, 5).

69. Esgorc Knu4cxu - lpeBHorpbrlKr.r QraaocoQ,MaTeMaTUK, aCTpOHOM I,r 3aKOHOAaTeJr, UpegctanuTeJl HaAxageuntra. )Knsee rpes IV n.np.n.e. 1nx. .{noreH

JIaepuufi , VIII, 86-9 1). Aoxon roro npreMa y,qoBorl crBI4ero3a MopaJIeH rIpHHqltil' roft ce orAaJl,eqaBa or cxBalrlaulaflTaxa fl.natos.-flo-sararlr< (X, 2) ApucroreJl orHoBorpr4BexAa Bb3rJIeAa My KaTo xapaKTepHo TJIeAI'Iqe B

ETHKATA HA AHTfiTIHVIfl, CBflT.70 fnelnara roqKa Ha Engorc He Moxe Aa ce

orr')KAecrBu c ra3H HA paAHKaJIHUTe XeAoHvtcTvt' ErgoxcnMa npeABI,I[ He caMo ]l He ToJIKOBa T.Hap. TeJIecHI',I

y,qoBoJrcrBue. Tofi I'I3TIKBa 3Haqeuuero I'I Ha AyxoBHnreyAoBoJIcrBus, n3MepI'tMlI no orHoIrreHI'Ie Ha ,rEora n-sncile'ro 6raro". B gefictnuTeJlHocr HeroBlt'lr Bb3rrelyrBbpxAaBa onrI,IMHcrI'IqHlIfl rrrlorJte4to BT'pxy xllBora I4

lorria Ha BHcoKoHpaBcrBeHI'ITe ,qyxoBHH KaqecrBa I'I

MOTI,IBH na geficrnue.71. Beponruo ApncroreJl I,IMa, npeABI4A coQucrute'72. CpY. flolnr:ura,ll, V\ 1'23-73. Tosu npo6nerra ce rperllpa oJ pasJruqHu aHTI4qHH

Mr,rcJrllTerlu. B Turuefi (69 a-72 a) fllaroH ilpegrlara elHaTpr,rxoroMr.It Ha AyIIrar a. YI s ,lir,pxanara (580 e) rofiroBopl{ 3a rpl4 ,,vacrvt" }rJII,l crpaHI'I Ha [yurara -

pagyMna,no49.p_q u -c-eJKBHa' notrqepra.Bafixu cnoxHocrra 3a

orrpeAeJlflHe Ha rastl uareplan (flax rar"r, 436 a)' B 3aAyrrrara (II, 2) ApncroreJl pa3rpaHlnqaBa raKuBacnoco 6nocrlt Ha,[yrrr ara: pacrHTeJI H a' cerldr H ar pa3yMH a I'I

cnoco6nocr 3a gBI,I)KeHI'Ie. Cpr. flax :rau, III, 8' A g

fonqtra ertlKa (I, 5) tofi nutrre: ,,Hue rnlp,qltM' qe lyrraranMa [Be qacrtl

- pa3yMHa v Hepa3yMHa- Klm

o6raAasalrara pa3yM qacr Ha [,yurara ce orHac,arpa3yMH ocrra, npo HI4II areJI H,ocrra, Mlg,pocrra)buoio6nocrra Kt M *rayuaratre (o6yueHrae na nauetta) uilP., a KbM nepasyrurnara lo6polereJlI{Te6l arop asyr.auero, c[paBeAJI 14 B ocrra' MbxecrBoro I'I gpy-r]Iqgprll Ha HpaBa, xouro [peU'I3BI'rKnat ogo6pesue"' HoHepa3yMHaTa qacT Ha AylxaTa... ce cr'rJIaCyBa c pa3yMHaTa

^ it ciyxu". Cpu. flax lar"r, I, 34.

74. Bx. 3a gyurara,ll, 2-75. 3a pa3JIIrKa or MareMarllqecKnre orHolrleHut'

KbIeTO AOKa3areJlcTBaTa ce HaJIaraT no neo6xoAllMocT'76. flogpa3AeJleHl,le, npeAJloxeHo Ha ocHoBara Ha

TCI'XOJIOTH3MA I{ KOETO UMA OCHOBHO 3HAqEHUE B

MopaJIHara QunocoQrar na QnlocoQa- Cpn- f onqNda eruKa,

-t,j

$,

-'19) 259

AP14CTOTEJI

I, 5. B Tonnxa (I, 16) Karo Br,tAoBe go6pogereJrn ce coqar:CnpaBelJII,rBOCTTa, MT,X9CTBOTO, pa3CbAI,ITeJIHOCTTa HyMepeHocrra. A B PeropuKa (I, 9) ce or6errqsBar:cIIpaBelJII,tBOCTTa, CMeJIOCTTa, yMepeHocTTa, IqeApocTTa,BeJrr4KOlytrrHeTo, cBo6oAaTa Ha lyxa, KpacoTaTa(nperpacnoro), pa3cbAnreJrHocrra, MbApocrra. Pasyur,r,xofiro,,cr,gAaBa'( MbApocrra rocnoAcrBa Ha[ crpeMe)KHTeu cTpacTuTe, KaKTO lyu]aTa no oTHoureHne Ha TJ{JroTO(floruruxa, I, [I, 1L). OunocoQtr, xoftro 6opanra c Hero,ce qyBcrBa nrr QnrocoQurra Karo B cnoft gorvr, B KOfiToorBcsKbAe e ,,o6KpbxeH" oT vtcrv*ara (flporpenruKoc,Qp.s).

Ern qecrr,rrr paqproHaJr n:r u n a ApH croreJr e Jr orn q ecKonpoAr,Jr)KeHue w o6orarqsaHe ?osu ua Corpar rE flnarox.Ha flnaroH npr{HaAJrex<u y6e>rgeHr.rero 3a pa3yMa Karo,pr,KoBogrula go6pogerer" (3arouu, 688 n; 963 a). Itlrofiro BJra,qee pagyMa, pas6upane'ro r.{ 3HaHr.rero, roft e,,cr,B'bprrreH .roBeK" (flax rau, 653 a), 3atlloro ,,qucroraTaHa pa3cbxgeHu.flTa" o6yclanx HpaBcrBeHara qucrora uBr,3Br.rrrreHocr Ha [yxa. B reerer (176 c) IIlaroH npeleJrHoxcuo {roprrayJrr4pa erfiqecKr,rfl parlnoHaJrr,rstu, xapafixuCorpar Aa H3pa3rra y6e:rgeHnero, r{e 3HaHHero cMbApocTTa v ncTvt$cKara 4o6pogeTeJr, a He3HaHr.reTo

-HeBexecrBo r,r ,,ffBHo 3rott. Cpn. .{rp)KaBara, 350 c;Anrnnnag, 125 a;1,34 e; Xapvrr.rg, 174 a-e; Jlaxer, 1.94 e:flporarop,36l a-n; Enrugeu, 280 a-281 e; foprnft,488a; 490 a- 491c; Menon, 88 a -89 a; IIup, 184 c-e; @rane6,22e;66ennp.

KHnra II

1. ApncroreJl I{Ma [peABI'IA npoMlnara na " (encuno-na) s .. (era), T.e. or .--..- (Hpan) ce oruna K.sM """-1-"puu"t".)"o"t;.

n forsua e'ria*a (I, 6)'rofi nl*-::fCi:-:eTo rIMe, aKo e HyxHo Aa ce Tbpcl{ lIcTHHaTa, I43XoXAa}IKI{

ot Oyreara (a ro'na r.noxe 6u e nyxno), ernuecxata go6po-gerea e [orytlltra or cJlelHoro: AyMara ..."' IPOugxo)KAaot gy*utu...... no rogLI HaqI'IH ernqecKara go6pogerel ce

I'IMeHyBa raKa rlo cb3Bytlue c AyMara ilpuBuuKa"'2.'MucT,n,I,I3Ar,pxaHa HanbJlHo B Ayxa na xulertropQn-

3Ma - ytleHplero 3a Mareplrrra n Qopvrara' Bb3Mo)KHo,crTa

u AefiirenrerlHocrra. Cps- (Dusu*a, -I,

'7, 2i-I-Y, !; --3fuyirutu, ri, 2; MetaQr'ts"xa, Y,3, 12; VII, 8, 9; VIII, 6; IX'8; XII,2 3.

floHqrlrero ,,Bb3Mo)KHocr" e ocHoBHa crpaHa or Jrorra-qecKara crpyKTypa na 6urnero' c Koero ce IIeJIU [a ce

DeIIIll " n"rr'enrata ,,6urrae-H e6Llrve", HaJIo)KeHa nt'n $ulo-boQnnra c.neA EleftcKara ITIKoJIa u 6naro4apeHlte Ha aro-un-crnre u ilpeAcraBureJlItre ua Ara4euvflTl' Ocnopna ce

rvreraQusNu"c*ara nporl'IBoiloJloxHocr MexAy 6urue, yue6urue, MerapcKoro cxBaltaHe' A'ouycKalrro 3a peaJrHo

eAuHcrBeHo gefictnrareJlHoro. Blne:rAa ce Bb3rJreAbr 3a

6raruero BbB BT,3MoxHocr. Crrrnacgo roBa Mareputra e

Bt,3MOxHoCT 3a aKTyaJIH3HpaHe' a He IIpa3HO IIpOCTpaHCT-

BO I'IJIH BT,HIIIHO YCJIOBHC SA NPNAO6UBAHE HA KOHKPETHI'T

<popvru B cBera. Blgvoxnocrra 3aeMa Me)KAI'IHHo MflcroMexAy JIrIUreHocrra' T.e. MarepllflTa Karo nbpBI{ cy6crparlI HaJIItqI4eTo Ha KoHKpeTHI{ HerIIa B KaqecTBoTo uM Ha

IIl,pBl4 CI>IIIHOCTI4, IIpeACTaBJIflBa OTHHqeCKId,npex0[ OT

oTcbcTBLIe KbM rlpuctcTBue Ha KoHKpelno (e4uHuuuo)cbulecrByBane. flo ro3I'I HaIILIH peaJIHo ocHoBaHI'Ie B AeH-

cTBI,ITeJI HOCTTa npeAcTaBr-f B a I',I Bb3MO)KHOCTT a'

Brs Qr.noco$ranra Ha ApuctoreJl olpe eJreHple'ro'9b:-*o*"o"i"

" to"o"o"*ucloso. Cpn. MeraQnaura, I-II,6; V,

LL,L2;VIII, 5, 6; IX, 2,3,8; X, 6, 8, ; IX, 6, 7,8,,9;-9--{t1*1'Ii,'l; Itt, 1.,'2,'3,'6,8; IV, 5,6,9,19;_Y, 1; vII,5; vIII,4,8;3i se6eto, -, 4, \2; II, 14; III,2,3; IV, 3, 4; 3a Bb3HIlK-B-a--

Hero H yHrrtqo)KeHllero, I,2,5,6; Huxovraxona etuxa, IV,7;LX,7.

3. Tosa cxBalrlaue e HoBo B aHTI{qHr{fl' caflT' B OAraceg

260 261

(347 -348) Harp.,ce roBop14 3a r43KycrBoro Karo 6oxecrsen4ap. Tavr ce o.r6e.ntgna: ,,BHyurv-n Mvt e Eortr

" "rpu"roMHoro HaueBr.r"- B VIos (533 c-536 e) flnaro, ,r"-", ue6o;recrseHoro B/IT,'H.BeHHe u 6oxecrseHHTe cHJl14 orrpe-,qeJrrr Lr Mor r4B'rpar noerr4 q H o _xy,q o)KecrBeHoTo :rropubc-TBO.

4. Kax.ro reope'rnqecKnTe HayKr,r - Qr,rsnxa, MareMa_Tr{f3 }r.n3-pna Qr,rnocoQua (reo.noirar). Cfn. @ue rara, II, 1,l;lJI,4; VIII, 13; MeraQlriuxa,II, 3iIV; Z;it, t; Xi,l,:,4, 7.' 5. B:r. HuxouaxoBa errKa, l, 11-12.

6. Bx. Hnrovraxona errEra, V[, 1.7;. Tyx Apucroren MapKlrpa cBorra u1efr. sa cpelnHara

Karo HopMa B^ HpancrBeur,r.fl cBrr Havv^Aurrga. Cpn. forq_Ma err4Ka, I,21.Taxa 6naropaeyuuero e ?aKaBa errrqecKago6pogereJr, B Korro e octrrrecrBeHa xapMo:r.t4flTar4 Mrpa--Ta Me)KEy 3HaHHero g [paKTHrrecKoTo noBe,qeH]te. Ho orqellraroH ((De,utp, 238 a) pasrrrex4a 6laropa:yrurr,rero KaroTaKaBa pa3yMHOCT, KO'TO e npoTHBoilOJrO)KHO HpaBCTBeHOKarrecrBo ua ney6osgaHocrra, Karo xapMoxns l,r M.ffpa,BJracr.HaA.o[peAeJreHH crpacTu r,r yAoBoJrcTsHq (Atp)Ka_uara,430e). Cpn. Xapvng,lsq a_C; iooe_tot s; tdrL_to+e; 167 a-173 a. OceeH ToBa cxBauaHero 3a cpe4ara r,rJrr,rcpeEHlr.fl rr?,T e lcno QoprrayrrupaHo n .{tp:rar-ara (61 9 a)Ha flrarou: ,,8 xurbra ipx6na nrauarra Aa ce ;.6"i;cpe4Hktfl, HaqHH Ha xr,rBo'r Mexgy ABere xpafiHocru; xaioce as6qrBar rpafiuocrur:e, raxrb u rracro"rr1"", iiki i ixlrBora creg roBa."

_8. Cpn. .{rpxanara,40l e. B 3axoHn (653 a-n) flnpron31_!qrrsna,

qe rlpBnre yceqaH.,fl Ha a"i"ro ca vg;"o";_TBr.rero u crpa4aurero H ue 6naro4apeHr4e Ha Trx B63HI,I_raar 4o6po,{ererrHTe u ropoqr,rre. I4io6qo ao6poaerenrae CBTrp3aHa C yAOBOJICTBTTeTO r,r CTpaAaHr{eTO, CxBaHaTI4Karo HflKaKBLT nbpBlrrrHH AaAeHoclw vrltvr cy6crpar Ha Hpa_BCTBeHH.fl )KHBOT Ha I{HArrB}tla.

9. Wpen, Korro rro-KbcHo r.rMa rxupoKo pa3npocrpaHe_Hr4e B eruqecKnre yqeHr,rr n oco6eno B Te3u na upe4cianu_TeJruTe Ha cTor{qr!3Ma.

10. ,{o6pogereJrra e MHoroacrreKTHo orrpeAeJreHHe, Ko-ero MapKr,tpa rro3rrrraBHnTe KaqecrBa u cnoco6nocrrl Har,rHAr,rBr,rAa. Heftsure pa3rutrHX cMHcJroBr,r 3HaqeHnJI ce

Tpernpar no,gpo6no B AI,IaJIosIlTe na lllaron u oco6eno soHe3r,r oT Tflx, HanucaHu B T.Hap. coKparl'{qecKL nepnoA orgefinodrra Ha aHTI{qHHg rruclllrel. fleAnurara Ha <}uno-coQa nua'r orHoIrreHI,Ie KT,M ycI'lJIIlt{Ta Ha Apnctorel gagorrrnHn n o6oraru pas6upaneto sa go6poAereJlTa'

11. Apracrorer ce pa3rpaHuqaBa or rpafiHux yrvtltvra-pI,I3r,M Lr npeyTBbp)KAaBa lr3pa3eHoTo o'r flnarou (Anxu-BLraA, 113 e) MHeHlte, qe cnpaBe,qJlunoro I'I noJle3Horo He

ca eAHo I,I cl,uo HeIrIo. Tosa ctaHoBlllqe Toft gauluraBa' U

no-Hararbx s HuroMaxoBa erl{Ka (xn.xu-VIII-IX)'12- Apucrorel or6eJlt3Ba MHeHI{e' rrpllrlucBaHo Ha

Xepaxnr,ri, Koero o6a'{e He e l43pa3eHo B'bE QparueHtnteMy.

13. Tyx Apucroren iloAqepraBa' qe cbBbprueH,crBoror,r BncoKara HpaBcrBeHocr ce ocHoBaBar na cno6ognuar,rs6op ra ycrofiuranocrra (r:nlp4ocrra) Ha rolxr:a.

14. Tona oilpegeJleHue ce ulflcHflBa orqacrll or Harllt-cauoro s forqMa errlKa (I,7): ,,8 gyruata 6rarynar ABI{xe-Hrdfl Ha qyBcrBara (c'rpactn), cnoco6socrll r{ cr,crofllaufl"9nno e, ue go6polereJlTa e eAHo or re3u rpI'I qBreHI4a'

,[,nuxeuuxra Ha rryBcrnara ca rHeBbr' crpaxbr' HeHaBllcr-Ta, )KeJIaHI,IeTo, 3aBlIcTTa' cbcTpaAaHI',IeTo I',t BcHqKo Apyrono[o6Ho, Ha Koero o6urHoeeno ctorBercrBar oropqe-Hl{-ero pt y,[oBoJIcrBI,Iero. Cnoco6socrl'ITe nbK ca tora, 6na-ro.qapeHHe Ha Koe'fo I,ISIIHTBaMe ABU)KeHiltTa Ha qyBcTBa-

Ta, T.e. 6narogapenue Ha Koero Hue ce THeBHM' oropr{aBa-Me, cbxaJllIBaMe I{ t.g. Clcroflr.vlfl'Ta ca roBa' B ct'orBer-c'fBue c KoeTo HalIeTo oTHoIIreHlIe KbM ABt >KellnflTa HarlyBc-Tgara e xy6ano uJII'I Jlouo." '-

15. Bx. Hl,txouaxona etuxa, I[, 1-

16. Tosa H3peqeHue ce orHact Kt'M HarrucaHoro B

Tonnra (III, 1), iruero o6qoro onpeAeJreHue Ha no6p-ole-TeJrra ce ocbqecTBflBa Ha oHToJloruqecKa ocsoBa. Taxauo6poleteJlTa e cy6cranqufl H.a Bcutlxr'r lo6polereJlHl'IrBJreHr,r.s (Aeftctrul, cbcroflHHt) H nnaa [peAI'IMcrBo rrpeA:rxx. CnpanerJll,IBocrra e 3a rrpeArloqlrraHe npeg crrpaBeA-JrHBoro. 3auroro cnpaBe[JlI4Bocrra e raKaBa no npnpoAa' a,

Hs,,Heu1o* 3aBI,IcI4Mo. Cpo. Kateropuu, 8.-iz. OnpeleJleuuero sa or:Aelsure BIaAoBe nnn $oprraa

ua go6pogereJlTa e ocblrlecrBeHo H Ha crporo JrorllqecKaocHoBa. TgxHa'ra cblrlHocr ce u3flCHtBa' KATO Ce I'r3XO,Kla

HI/KOMAXOBA ET]4KA . SENEXKI/ NO KHilTA II

262, 263

AP14CTOTEJI

TJIABHO OT BT'SMOXHI,TTE }TM OTIIOIIIEHU'. A OTHOIIEHHCTOMe)KAy rflx e (1) r,rnr,r cr,orHeceHocr: (nanp. ,usofiHoronporl4BocroH Ha rroJroBlrr{ara), (2) rrJrH orHorrreHr4e MexAyJrurueHocr u o6ralaHue (nogo6no Ha orHoureHHero Me)K-.Ay cJrerrora u:penue), (3) unu Karo orplrqalr.lae v yrBbp-)KAeHrie (,,rori He cror,rt' vt ,,Toir c'rou"), (4) ranra xarooTHOILeH14e Me)Kly rrpoTtrBorroJroxHocTr/r (6naro-sno). Bx.Ka:reropur.r, 10; MeraQusr{Ka, V, 10. A npornnorroJroxHo-crure ilpr,rHaAJre)Kar (1) riJru KbM eAr,rH r,r cr,rl poA (Hanp.6qroro u qepHoro rrpnHagJrerKar KbM rlBera), (2) unu xrvrnporrrBonoJroxHr4 poAoBe (uaup. cnpaBe[JrHBocrra rrp]t-HaAJIe)KH xrvr go6poAereJrra, a HecnpaBe,{Jrl,rBocrr& -Kr,M [opoKa), (3) vilv-Te (nporuaonoJro)KHocrr,rre) nerrpHHaAJrexaT KbM HnKaKbB po,4, noHe)Ke caMH ca poIoBe(nanp. 6naroro H 3Jroro Karo npegelno o6nru o6exrusHunoHxrna). B;r. Ka'reropvrn, 71.

18. Tesn pa3cbxAeHufl ce c'bqr,p)Kar B ,{rpxanara (353n-c) Ha fharou.

19. Bx. Hrxovaxooa e'ruxa, I[, 2.20. OnpegeJreHr{ero na go6pogereJrr4Te ce tazupa uafi-

HCnOCpeACTBeHO Ha KaTerOpI{tTa rrOTHOIrreHI,Ie'(, KOflTO eeAHa cuHTerHqHa Kareroplrs. Vpes Heq ce (ruxcllpar rex-Hr,rre KaqecrBeHr,r xapaKTepr{crnKtr u ce cy6oplrdHuparcro6paeHo raKnBa 6elegu Karo ,ro6qHocrtt, ,rcr,[lHocrt',,cbBbprueHcrBo'(. Or ragn rJIeAHa roqKa Apucrore.n ot-6e.n.a3na, ue 4o6pogereJrr4Te rrpnreiKaBar pa3rt,tqeH cra-tyc. Hanp. clpaBeAJrr,rBocrra r,rMa no-3naqaMo noJro)Ke-HI{e B HpaBCTBeHO-eTUrIeCKaTa CUCTeMa, OTKOJIKOTO MT,-)KecrBoro. 3auloro crrpaBeAJrHBoc'rra e rro-cbulHocrua {rop-Ma Ha go6pogerelra. Bx. Tonuxa, III, 3. Mt:recrsoro eneo6xo4uuo cflopaAHqHo, a c[paBe.qJruBocTTa - no-qecTon Br,rHarrl. Bx. Ilax rau, IlI, 2. Cps. fonrua erurca, I,9.

27. }l4unor' o:r Kporon * 3HaMeHr,rr arJrer or VIB.rlp.H.e., uo6e4ur:er s orLrN{nnftcKnre vtpvt-

22. Cpn- Tonlrra, IV, 3.23. Mnpara e e,quH or ocHoBglrre npr,rHrln[r,r Ha aHTr,r-

qHur xuBor. B flolurux (284 a-c) flnaroH or6ell3ua, ue,cr,xpaHflBafixn ulpara, r,rsKycrBara 3ana3Bar H r,rspa3rBar,,[o6poro H [peKpacHorott,3arqoro MHororo fi MaJIKoro car,r3Mepr.{Mr.r He caMo eIHo crrprMo Apyro, Ho H rro oTHorrre-Hr{e KbM Mrpara. Kocuocr',r e xapMoHl4r r,r BcrrqKo B Hero

e cBbp3aHo B eAHo (ue6e,3eMt, 6orore, xopa), upe,qcraB-nroa peg, a He 6e3pel\ve u cBoeBoJILre (rr npancrneHarac<fepa). Bx. foprnfi, 508 a. Cpn. TIup,787 a-c-

To:u npuuur.ln Ha Mspara ce [pI4JIara MeroAIttIHo orApucroren. B floernra,22 roia ot6enqsea, qe Mtpara eo6u1o ycJroBI{e 3a BcHrrKH BHAoBe AyMI'I; Ha He.r ce ocHoBaBar,r CopMarraBHocrra B xylo)KecrBeHoro rBopqecrBg. A ulonsvra eruKa (I, 5) rofi rIHIrre: ,,3a eluvecrnre go6-poge-renu nary6nu ci I{ He,qocrl,trba: u v3rvt[recTBoro--. Haup.npn ru*ruacruqecKuTe ynpaxHeHlrfl, KoraTo Te ca TBbpAeMHOIO' CI'IJIHTO faCHaT' I{ CT'IIIO TaKat Ca TBT'pAeMaJrKo. Cr'uo raKa, rlpu npeKoMepHo MHoro IIJIII npeKo-MepHo MaJIKO XpaHa Il fIHeHe ce HapyuaBa 3ApaBero HaqoBeKa. Heuo nogo6xo craBa u c 6laropa3yMltlero, Ma'xe-crnoro v Epytr (eruuecrra) go6pogetelu." Ho M.flparanMa Hg car.ao nogo6eH luopaleH cMI4ClbJr- or nolraruqecKarJre,{Ha ToqKa rrl rIpeAcTaBJIflBa KoJIUqecrBoro I'l BeJrI4tIH-Hara. B flonratura (VII, IV, 6) uerer,a: ,,06llrnonenonpeKpaCHOTO Ce B.bIIJI:F,qaBa B KOJIIIqOCTBOTO H B9JII4TIHHa-

ra. flopagu ra3u npl4tluHa Abp)KaBa, B KoflTo ca cbqeraHnBeJrr,rrruHara H npeleJlt,r, e nafi-npeKpacHa. Ho u serr'IqH-HaTa Ha AbpXaBaTa' KaKTO U 3a BCUqKO OCTaHaJIO"' C1'III9-crByBa Mflpa".

2a. Cpi. Bropa aHaJII{TnKa,lI,2; Tounra, IV,3.25. VIv,a ce [peABIlA rlllTaropeftcxoro cxBaqaHe 3a

npeAeJlHoro ra 6esnpeAeJlHoro - nbpBoro Karo o6exrus-HO OCHOBaHIte 3a KageCTBeHaTa Onpe[eJIeHOcT H Cl'Bbp-IIIEHCTBOTO I,I CI4HOHHM HA KOETO CA CBETJIOTO HAqAJIO'go6poro, eAHHHoro ff rIP., orroBapttqn B MHTOJIOTI4.flTa Ha

Anorou H BToporo Karo ocHoBaHI'te Ha HeonpeAeJl_eHocrrau Hecr,Br,pmeicrsoro. Cpn.HraxoMaxoBa ervKa' [, 3; (Dpr-

3r{Ka, IV, 1, 3; .[noren Jlaepunft, LX,25.26. AnropcrBoro Ha IIHTara e HeI43BecrHo.27. Cpv. folsrra ernKa' I, 5. OupeAeJreHl4ero HMa

ocHoBHo 3HaqeHue B MopaJIHara QulocoQux ua Mr'rcJII'ITe-Jlfl,.

28. Ta6nraqara e rlpeBeAeHa n Engeuona erltKa, II-29. Bx. Hnrouaxona erux.a, II,7.30. Bx. HuxouaxoBa erltKa, IV, 1.31. Bx. HurovraxoBa eruKa, IV,2.32. ,,Hul1o rIgBbH M.spKara(( e sceo6qa

HI/KOMAXOBA ETI4KA - 6EflEXKI4 NO KHilTA II

264 265

APLlCTOTEfl

4.fon.flIua erfiKa,

HOpMa r,r KoHcTpyKTHBeH npl4HIII{n Ha aHTI{qHaTa Mb{pocTlr KyJITypa, ,,I{ABaIrIa" or Hafi-lpeqHn BpeMeHa. IHovralurlpoci), rpr,rnucBaHa Ha HtKoI{ (Ta.nec u lP.) or

"ce-ier"rre urgpeqn" ua E.naga. Cpeguuata e roBa' Koero.cJreABa cJIe[ Apyro !I cJIe[ Koero cJIeABa Apyro. Bx. floeru-xa,'l ..[o6pogereJlTa e cpenuHa Ha [porHBonoJIorKH]I Mo-paJrHr,r xaq-ectna. B fonqva eruKa (I, 7) uereM: ,,I43rre)K:ga go6po4ereJlTa e HtKaKBa cpe,ul'IHa Mgx.qy [porl'lB-ono-JroxHH crpacrll. Henanpasno qoBeK' KoRTo )KeJIae Aa obAeyBaxaBarr3a cBoq HpaB, e Arb)KeH ga cl6lrcgaBa cpegxHa-Ta BbB BctKo AsHxeHI,re Ha qyBcrBata-.. llso6uo Mo)Ke Aace ga6.nro,q,aBa rlpll BctKo ABn)KeHHe Ha qyBcrBara' qe

oTAaJIeqaBaHeTo oT cpeAuHaTa e JIeKo' a cpeJ[HHaTa, 3a

KOflTO Hr.r Bl,3xBaJIxnai, e Tpy,&Ha. 3arosa u go6po4etentae prlKo (cpeqaura ce)". Cpeql'IHara e Mtlpa I4 B coqllaJrHo-noJrr,rrnqecKl,tfl )KI,tBor. Klgero rt rlpllcr,crBa ca HaJII'rqego6pogereJlTa lI crpaBe.qJIHBocrra B Arrp{3lara. I4' Apnc-ToreJr IrHTI{pa,uyMt{Te Ha rloera Ooxunn[ (VI n.np'u'e') otMraner/ ,,8- cpegHnre croeBe e 6laroro, B [t'pxaBaralrcKaM xa'6rui cpegeu)" (ffornrura, IV, IX, 7).-Ho ?eln-Hara e He npocro paBeHcrBo, a cr,pa3MepHocr. Bx. flonu'TlrKa, II, IV, 5. Tq-He e

"cpeguara roqKat' Ha ABe rIporI'IBo-

noJIoxHocru, a o6extuBHOTO Cpe[oToqI{e, geftctrnreJlHaH 3HaqI{Ma 6urufisocr Ha HpaBcrBeHo-eruqecKvls cnflT

_vI

cnoficrsa Ha I,IHArIBlIga. Cpr. HuxovraxoBa erI'IKa' IIr 2' I['B MygllKara uafi-rolgMo 3HaqeHlle I{Mar oHe3H MeJIoAH}I'KOHTO rIpHTeXaBaT eTItqecKH xapaKTep' T.e' oTroBaptT Ha

r,r3ucKBaHero Ha cpegl{Hara. ,,... Ha,4opuficxun JIaA e npu-cr,ilIo Haft-rorqMo cnoxoficrBue. Tofi ce orJII{qaBa c Mb-)KecrBeH xapaKTep... IIIoU Karo rIpI'IAaBaMe rlpeAnoqxTa-Hr,re Ha cpe[I,IHara npeg rpafiHocrlare ]I cnopeA Hac KbMnea rpa6ra ga ce crperuruM, a MexAy ocraHaJllITe gopxftc-KI,Itr JIaA ce orJll{rraBa UMeHHO C Te3U KaqecrBa' To e flcHo'qe Mratre)KTa cJIeABa Aa ce Bb3rrltraBa rIpeA]IMHo B gopufi-cKr,r MeJroAnIa" (nolutuxa, VIII, VII' 10).

33. Bx. HnrouaxoBa erI'IKa' II, 8; IV,34. Bx. HurouaxoBa erl{Ka, IV,7. Cpn.

HI4KOMAXOBA ETI4KA . 6EJIEXKI4 NO KHNTA II

r.rJrr.r roBopr{M Herrlo ne 4o6po. Tosu oug crpax Hr{e, aMHcJrr rr BcnqKu (ocraxa.nn xopa), Hapr,rqaMe cpana.tt 3acoQncrure o6aqe cpaM'r,T e Ba)KHa ,,rpa)K4aHcxa 4o6poge-rer" (flporarop, 322 a-323 c). Cnopeg Apracroren cpa-MbT He ce oTHacfl xr'vr go6poI[eTeJrr,rTe. B Peropraxa (I, 9)TOr4'He rO npnqncrrBa KbM TJIX.

36. Bx. Tonnxa, II,2.37. Bx- Pe:ropuxa, II, 6.38. Bx. HuxouaxoBa ernKa, V, 1-5.39. Cpa. Tonura, II, 2.40. 3a crrqnocrra Lr BHAoBere rrpornBonoJroxuocrlr

nx. Kareropuu, 10-11.41. Cpu. fl.na:rou, 3axouu, 794 a. B loprraft (507 e-508

a) rofi rrpetropbqBa ns6qnraHero Ha ,,HeyMepeHnre )KeJIa-ll.nfl" 14,,rrprlcrpacrfl B aHerott Kt' M npuJ{TeJr crBoro, p a3yM -HOCTTa n ClpaBelJIHBocTTa, qpe3 Kyrrr,rBr,rpaHero Ha Kou-To-gg-nocTnra o6ula xapMoHnr{Hocr s o6uecrBoro.

42. B aeficrBr.rreJrHocr AyMr,r Ha OMrdp n Ogncea, XlI,219.

43. flororopKara,flpu BToporo nJraBaHe qoBeK ue6u-pa uafi-uarKo rorrrufl rrt,Tt'

44. l4l,rar ce nperBr,rA cJreAHr4Te crrlxoBe o'r Ylnuaila,III, 156-160:

Hexa se cbgrdM TpoflHrlra n Me,qHoKoJreHHu axefiqra,rre 3a raKaBa xega Te oTAaBHa nouac.rl'r nesorn!Crparuuo flplrJrHqa no csofiTo rI4Irs H cuara na 6oruH.f,!Ara uarap H TaKaBa, Tfl HeKa AoMa cH orrrnyBa,noBeqe Aa He ocraBa 3a Hac n AerIaTa Hu ru6er.45. Bx. HuxouaxoBa eruKa, VI, 10.

1,32.35. Cpar"rut e cneltuQnvHa Qoprura Ha crpaxa. fl'naton

(3axonn, 647 a') nnne: ,,Ilecto ce crpaxyBaMe H or tlyxAo-TO MHeHI4e, ga Aa He HII cMflTaT 3a JIOIXU XOpa' aKo BbpIxHM

266 267

AP1/ICTOTEN HL1KOMAXOBA ETI4KA . 6ENEXK'1 NO KHilTA III

Knxra III

L. Apnc:roteJl I,IMa rpelBHA T.Hap. erltqecKl{ go6poge-T9JII{, cBt,p3aHu C XapaKTepa' HaBHKa I'I BOJIflTa Ha I'IHILIBI,I-

Aa.2.8 tts,rcou or cBolITe rBop6u Ecxnl pasKpr'IBa raft_HHTe

Ha eJIeBcHHCKI,ITe MHCTepuu' cBl,p3aHI'I C KyJITa Xlu 6orU-H.sra .qeMerpa I{ Ar,rqept r} flepcerpoua.

3. flogosasaHe Ha rpareAn.n ua EnpunnA, clo)Kerbr HaKOJ{TO rrO-KbCHO 3aI{MCTBa Bolrep.

4. Cpn. fo.ngvra erl{Ka, I, 17. Hpa}l{Te ce orpeAeJl.flTutru pzz,IurraBar B 3aBlrclrMocT or 4o6po4ereJrTa H nopo-ra. Bx. floeruxa,2.

5. Cpr. 3a gyurara, III, 9-10. Vnper, aAp-ecupaH He KbMonpegenenH, cl,qecTByBanlu rln QunocoQraara cxBalrla-I1^VIfl, A IASO6UO KbM Brr3]vIO)KHO rJre.{Uqe, npHcT'ulo no-cKopo Ha HaI,rBHoTo tIoBeIIrKo ct'3HaH[e. Pas6upaHeTo HaApracroren Ha6rqra Br,pxy seo6xoluvtocrra or paqnoHa-JrHSr,rpaHe Ha qoBeurKara neftsocr, 3a Aa ce cxBaHe MeTa-

Qusurara Ha xI,IBora.6. ApracroreJl roBopu 3a Hepa3yMHI,I )KeJIaHI'Ifl, KOLITo

Ca cBr,p3aHu c eCTec'fBeHuTe ilOTpeOHocTI{ Ha HHA},IBIlIila Vpa3yMHLr >Kefira.Hvtfl,, KoI{TO ca pe3yilTaT oT orIpeAeJreHHy6exgeHr,ra. Cpu. Peropura, [, 1. 1..' 7. Mzpagenoro cxBarrlaHe I,IMa orHolrreHl{e KbM upo6-JreMa 3a cb3HareJIHun uz6op, <ofiro ce rperl4pa no-Hara-TlrK B TpaKTaTa.

8. Tr3prnrranrr ,,KocMoc" 03saqaBa se6e. B:r. 3a ue6eto-,I, 9. flo-r:oqno rofi e eAHo or orlpeqeJrervflTa Ha ,,He6e"(flar ravr).

9. flo BctKa BepotrHocr I4Mar ce rIpeABI4[ cJIeAHurecrrrxoBe or I4ruaga, II, 50-56:

I{ap AraueMHoH u3nparl,I BecrnreJrI,I KpacHopeqHBu,qa no3oBar Ha cr6panue xy6anoxocu axeiu1g.Buraxa MHoro e,qHI,ITe, a Apyrure l,tlraxa 6tpeo.fhpno HaKapa [a celHar B'cr,Bera pa3yMHI,ITe crapIIH6lngo [o qepHr4fl xopa6 Ha Hectop, BJIa,qereJI sa llu-

JIOC.C.neA raro Bcr,rqKLr cr'6pa, [pegJro)KeHIne xI,ITpo Hanpa-

BLT.

1_Q. Cpr. florntnxa, VII, VII, 4.'L1: He BcuqKr,r MorlrBla, )KeJIaHu.fl n geitcrnux Bo[.ar Ao

rrlacrlrero. 3auroro ro e cbcroflHlae wv,geftnocr clo6pa-sHo go6pogereJl T a, rlpI4Jro)Ke H ue-Ha go 6pogereJI nre' Koe-TO Ce OCbITIeCTBflBa He no seo6xoAI4MOCT, T.e. He KaroycJroBLre n ilpl,IHy,qureJlHo cpeAcrBo 3a rlporHBogeficrnuena uopoqNTe u SJroro, a cbo6pa3Ho npeKpacHoTo I'I KaTogeftcrnue, cbgAaBaqo 6naroro. Tara uanpnMep H crlpaBe-AJTHBO HaJIOXeHI,ITe HaKa3aHLl.f ca oTqacTLI aKT Ha [oopo-IIereJrra, n3BuKaH no seo6xogl,IMocr. 3arl1oro 3a rlpeArlo-qr{TaHHe e [a He ce npra6lrna Ao raKuBa KopeKTLIBL HatroBeurKoro noBeAeHI,Ie. HanporuB, AeficrBlttra' KolIToBoAflT Ao noqur u 6laroctcroqHue, ca nafi-npeKpacHn lIcb3AaBar caMoro 6laro unn geficrnl{TeJIHara go6poge'ren.C regn HMeHHo geftcrnua e cBbpgaHo rqacrrtero Ha qoBe-ra. B;r. flonurnra, VII, XII, 3.

72. He e flceH npol,I3xoAl,T Ha MaKcHMara.13. Tosa rJreAI,Iue e [I3pa3eHo Beqe B KH. Tpera' rJI.

rrbpBa.- 14. Bx. HuxouaxoBa eruKa, II, 7. Ml:recrBoro BKJIIo-

qBa H3BecrHa crerleH crpax. 3aroaa MbxecrBeH qoBeK Hee Hlrro OH3I,I, xofiro or scHqro ce 6ou, HHTo ro3l4, xofitloor HHrrIo He ce crpaxyBa. Orryr sa 4o6pogereJlTa carra6elnn u npeKoMepnulr crpax, lt rIT,JIHoro 6esctpaurne-,,Mb)KecrBoro - nurrle Apucroren - e Mb)KecrBo npeACTpaxa, TaKa qe' KOTaTO CTpaxbT e yMepeH, MI')K€CTBOTOce yBeJruqana" (folRua erura, I, 5).-L5.

ApucroreJl uMa rpeABI,I,q flnaron (Cpu. Jlaxer, 191c-e).

16. flelHa roqKa, 3aIrILITaBaHa ot fllatoH I4 ApyruaHTprqHn aBTopLr. Cps. 3axonu,873 c-e.

17. fler tlopvrra LIJII,I pa3HoBu[HocrI,I Ha Mb)KecrBoro:(1) rpaxgaub*b 1nc""Hi:xo), (2) noeuno, (3) apoc'r, (4)caMoHaAeaHocr r,r (5) 6escrpaurqe. T.e. utxecrBoTo Mo-)Ke Aa 6rge ocHoBaHo Ha rpaxgaHcKoro tlyBcrBo I'IJII'I3aAbJI)KeHlIe, Ha BoHHcKI4t AT,JIr, Ha rHeBa, Ha caMoqyBcT-Br.{ero Ltilrtr.L He3HaHI,Iero. Cpn. fonsua erurca, I,20.

18. Bx. Vlr.naga, XXII, 100.19. Bx. Wnuasa, VIII, 148-149.20; Bx. Iftuaga, XV,348-349. Ctuara Muct'JI' H3pa3e-

Ha c AyMrrre He Ha AraueunoH, a Ha Xerrop ce cbAbpxas II,391-393.

21,. ApttcroreJl npnBexga MHeHl{ero Ha Corpar,_xoerofharoH gara n Jlaxer (19a e). Cpr. Ilporarop, 360 c-e,KbAero g [yxa Ha paqItoHaJII,I3Ma 3HaHI{ero ce cMtrTa 3a

-\268) 269

API4CTOTEI| Ji!.i,ii+

ilpuqr4Ha Ha M6)KecTBoTo, a He3HaHHeTO -

Ha CTpaXa.22. ApucroreJr r,rMa npeABr,r,q cr6urun. z ilo BpeMe Ha

Tperara cBerqeHa soriHa (354-353 r.np.n.e.).23.l4.zpazu, H3BJreqeHn r rnop6ure Ha Orurnp.Wnvtaga, XYI, 529: ,,9epnara Kpr,B rr B ct,pqeao My

BAbxBa roJrrMo repoftcrno*Vllluaga, XI, 11-12: ,,... BgrxHa B cbpllero Ha BceKta

axeeqxpa6pocr roJrr{Ma H )Kap Ia ce xBt,p.nx n 6op6a HeyMop-

Ho.t'Wll,uaga, XIV, 151: ,,Bgt'xHa HeBr4xAaHa clrJra B c]pqa-

Ta Ha BCIIqKLI axeftqut'Wnuagx, ){V, 23t-233: ,,\aneKocrpeJreqo, uuaia ru

rpr,I)Ka 3a cBerJrlr.fl Xerrop,nqrxnaft My cura rorrMa, ,qorAero axeftqute BKyuoMcrr,rrHar c 6srcr:so Ao cBoure ropa6n r XenecnoHTa."O4ucen, XXIV, 318: ,,Ha OAuces ca'pqero :a6n yuec-

TgHo...t'24. Bx.. Wnuaga,Xl, 556-562:Trft seoxorno A.sxc ce orApbnua BcrpaHu or rporHrlu,TbxeH B Ayfira:ra cu, B crpax ga axeficrure xopa6r,r

r{epHu.Karto JreHnBo Marape, Koero Mr{HaBa xpafi Hnra,nJrarrrH AeqaTa, npr,r Bce qe cn qyn"sT Torrrr4Te B Hero,TyrrHHr rroceB r43rracBa cnoxoftno, [erlara ro yEpr:rc KplIBI4 Totrn, HO T.rIXHaTa CfirA e MaJrKa 3a Hero:KbcHo elBaM ro [potoHBar, Koraro e cI4To Ha fra[Ia.25- Buznpa ce 6urxara npn KopuHT npes 392 r.np.n.e.

. 26. Cpn. HuroMaxoBa eTr{Ka, III, 6.27. O.taeruxno ApucroTeJr uMa npeABLt A naenaHrare soft-

IlLtrryr-28. Cpn. forqrvra eruxa, I,21..29. Cpa. Huxovraxona erura, [[, 7.30. Harvrer 3a lBycrr,rmuero or VItuaga, III,23-24:Cune rvrofi! Tn AoKora c pvqarnfl, ropKr,r u >xan6ucsoftTo cbprle ure rep3aerl? Xpana H JrerJro cu ea6pa-

snn!Illerue ,{a 6rtre go6pe s arc6on )KeHa Aa rrorJrerHerrr.,{uro He u1e MI{ xr{Beerl Ha rag 3eMt, ue go te6erurHoro Ha6nngo ca Beqe cMbpTTa u ctg6ara scecurlra!33. Cpn. Tonlrra, IV,5.

Knnra IV

1. B f onsrraa eruKa (I,23) ce ,qaBa cJIeAHoro onpe1eJle-Hue Ha ule,qpocrra: ,,Illegpocrra e cpegllHa Mexgy pa3To-qr,rrercrBoro H cKbrlepHuqecrBoro. Tesn gnuxeHux (ctc-roanna) Ha qyBcrBara ce orHactr [o [apllTe ra 6orarctso-ro. Pagroqr,rreJreH e oHgI,I qoBeK, xoftr:o xapqu' 3a KaKBoroue1'pa6aa, noBeqe, orKoJIKoro e Heo6xogl,tMo' I'l Koraro Hee Heo6xogururo. CxrnepHHK rIbK e ro3I,I, roftro He xapqH,KbAero rpx6na, KoJIKoro tpx6oa u Koraro rpn6ra. ltI Esa-vrard ca AocrofiHn 3a rIopnIIaHHe - eAI,IHvIflT 3a He,qocra-TsrrHocr, Apyrurr - 3a H3JII,ItlrecrBo. Il{egprart, ,{oKoJIKo-To 3acJryxaBa rroxBaJla, e AJIt,xeH ga 6tge H.flKaK cpeAeuMexAy rax. IllegpvflT e rosl,I qoBeK, KoftTo xapqu' KbAerorrpt6sa, KoJrKoro tpa6na n Koraro rpr6na."

2. flo-nararbK, B TasI,I KHnra Apnctotel orHoBo ceBpbrrla KbM onpeleJleHI,IeTo Ha pa3TotlureJlcTBoTo.

3. Tara po[]ITeJII4Te ca rIpHBr,psaHI{ H na3flT peBsnBocBor,rre [eqa, a rloerl{Te - clxxoBere c}I. Cpn. fllaton,,[rpxaaara, 330 c.

4. Craga [yMa sa MneHnero Ha noera CnuoHu[ otKeoc (VI-V n.np.u.e.), xussr B ABopa Ha rupaHa Xueponr Cupaxyea. B PeropliKa, II, 16 ApracroreJl rIpI,IBexAaorroBopa, xofiro noerbr [aBa Ha Bbrlpoca Ha cbnpyraraHa rr,rpaHa ,rKoe e uo-go6po - 6orat UJIII MbAbp Aa cqo-seK*. ,,Eorar - orBbpHal Cutrloul,tg - 3alrloro Mt,t(lllt-re o6uranxr Bparr{Te Ha ABopIlHTe Ha 6orarute."

5. Erranr.rpaHero Ha ropa6 (c rp*r pega rpe6IIH) -T.Hap. rpr,rftepapxur e noBl,rHHocr, HaJIaraHa na 6oraturpax[aHH BlrB Bpb3Ka C peJllllllo3Hll IIpA3HHIU'I vtltvt crrpoBe)K[aHTo Ha onrarranraficKl,ITe HrpI{. ErnnnpoBKaTaHarrp. Ha AeJreraqnflTa sL,[enoc e no-6orata H SHaqI,IMa'orKoJrKoro TagI,I ga oruunnficKuTe urpn.

6..{yrrau Ha OAucefi. Bx. Olr,rcen, XVII, 42O-422:HflKora cbu1o u ag o6uranax naJlar rlocpeA xopa,6sx tt 6orar, n uIacrJIlIB, tlocroflHHo rlo[aBax Ha cKtIT-

HI.1IK,

rofi n ga 6eure, or IrIo LI Aa rbpceme rtoMorrl npu MeHe.7. Cpn. Hnxovraxona erl,tKa, II, 7-2; lI, 5.8. IlypnypHara rbKan e nogxo[tula sa 6orocryxeHl,Ie,

HO He I.{ KaTO peKBr,r3l,rr B KOMeAIA'Ta.

HI4KOMAXOBA ETI4KA - BE'IEXKI4 NO KHNTA IV

270 271

9. Cpa. fhatox,3axouu, 727 e.

10. B:r. l/Lnuaga,I, 503-11. Cpn. flolra:rrara, VII, IX,,8-. -12- Flx. Huxovraxona err'ma, II, 7.

13. Tagra (6eeuvrenna) uo6pogerel e 6nngxa Ao qecrra'14. Bx. Huxovraxona e'ruxa, II, 6-

15. B Peropuxa (II' 3) Apncrorel onpeAerrt roBaHpaBcTBeHO KaqecTBo KaTo ycnoKoeHI'Ie yTaJIO)KaBaHe Ha

anesa. flon.grraero ,rKporocr" ce lt3Be)KAa tto orHorrleHneHa onpeAeilelP.ufl, rIpoTllBorIoJIo)KHI{ Ha Te3H Ha rHeBa'

Xopa, n cr,crotH14e' rlporllBonoJlo)KHo Ha fHeBa' ca Kpor-KI4.

16. Cpn. Hurovtaxona erura, [, 1-0.

17. Cpn. Wnuata,I, 80-83:Ctpaureu e qapqr, Koraro ce cbpArl na no-cla6 ot

Hero.I{apxr 4opu Aa norncHe B MoMeHTa rHeBa cu oflaceH'gno6ara AbJIro cuorafina, Aor,{ero B Ma'cr fl ilpeBbpHeB cBoI4Te rbpAl'l. Pascl4u H KaxI'I MtI AaJIU ilIe Me

nagnur!18. Cpn. Hurovraxona erura, I[, 9'19. T.Hap. cr,BMecreH xuBor I'IJILI 83aI'IMoorHolrreHl'tfl-

Ta Me)K[y xopaTa ce ocHoBaBaT Ha peqra I{ nocTbfIKI4Te'Cpn. Hnico\aaxoea eruxa, II,7.' 20. Bx. Hurovraxosa erraxa, II, 7.

21. Or [pe[uuIHI,ITe onpe[eJleHrrfl B rx' nropa, rn' 7

cJreABa, qe noA rasn Heo6o3HaqeHa c onpeAeJleH TepMI'IH

no6pon"t".rr rpr6na ra ce pas6rapa npaBgltBocrra' Cpr'fonsvra er:uxa, I,32, tct'gero qereM: ,,A npanguBocrra e

cpeAI4Ha Me)KAy rIpLITBOpcrBoro Lt caMoxBaJlcrBoro' L ce

npogBsBa B roBopa. Cavroxuamoro cI't rrpurll4cBa IroBeqe'oTKoJIKoTo npI,ITeXaBa, v/'vl ce fIpaBI'I' qe 3Hae oHoBa'Koero He 3Hae. Jhlqerureplr' Ha[porI'IB' cI4 AaBa BvA, qe

r.rMa no-MarKo, orKoJlKoro B geficrnnr-eJlHocr t4:,ll9av He

roBopl4 3a oHoBa, Koero 3Hae' cKpllnafixu gnarlneto cu'flpangunuxr He rlpaBI,I HIITo egHoro, HHTo Apyroro: roii nerq-e npanu BuA, qe I4Ma floBeqe vJrvl fIo-MaJIKo oT oHoBa'Koero I,IMa, Ho ule Ka)Ke 3a I4MyuecrBoTo I4 3HAHI{eTo

oHoBa, Koero nputexana."22. Cps. cJIeABarIIara' rlera KHI'Ira Ha rpaKTara'23. Buzupa ce cypoBl,tt{T I'r cKpoMeH )KllBor, BoAeH or

rrpoTr,rBopetln Ha rIpu3HaHI'IeTo' KOeTO O3HaqaBa' qe ce

KagBa r,IcrnHara, t."'. qe He JIb)Ke. Axo ce orroBopl'I c ,,He",ToBa npornBopeqlt Ha MIICIJITa' rroHe)Ke rofi cavr cb3HaBa'qe rrie. flo togu HaquH He e Bb3MoxeH eAHo3HaqeHorroBop. forqNrara npeArlocranxa o6yclaBfl He[ocroBep-Hocrra Ha BclrqKI,r cb)KAeHH"s Ha JIt,rKeua. 3a.(onpongPTe-nrae na) codncrr,r.IecKure AoKa3areJlctna (XXV, 180 a35-18d n 7) ApracroreJl rll{rue: ,,Moxe JIH eAuH I'l clsuqoBeK B eAHo l'I ct,ilIo BpeMe Aa BtpBa u Aa He BtpBa Ha

exn+ v cblrl qoBeK? Onen, xoftro He BtpBa' He BspBa He

uso6u1o, a B Herrlo. Taxosa I'IMeHHo e cboopa)KeHlrerooTHocHo I,I3Ka3BaHeTo, qe eAHH H Cblrl tIoBeK B elHo Ircbrrro BpeMe roBopu HeLIcrIdHa lr ucr]rua' Ho or roBa'Koero e HeJIeKo 4a ce sa6ele)Kr'I' npnJlara JIrr ce ,,u3o6[1ot'KbM la3pa3a ,rioropr'r vlcrvtr.an I4JIlr KT'M n3pa3a

'rroBopl'Iseucruna" , ila ce pasxpue coSusulr I{3rJIexAa rpytrHo'O6a.re n"[ro He rlpeql4, llloro e[rrH I'l cbrll qoBeK uso6uloAa roBopl4 HeI'ICTI4Ha, a B H'KaKBO OTHOIrreHI',te v 3L HerIIo AaroBopn ucruHa I,IJIII qoro B HerIIo rofi ga^e rIpaBArrB' a

raeo6uro Aa e HenpaBgI'I8". Cpn- I-{raqep-on, 3a [peAcKa3a-Hr4ero, lla,11.;,[iroren Jlaepuufi, II, 108.

16. ApucroreJl ce npHcbeAI4HtBa Kblvl orpHIIareJIHoroorHollreHne, Koero flna:rou I'IMa KbM co$ucT ure' B Meuos(91 c-92 a) fl.naron nurle: ,,3Hauu re (coQucrur:e), xon-TO eAI,IHCTBeHO npeTeHAI',IpaT' qe MoraT [a HanpaBtT HflKa-*"oloOpo, ro.nrbsa ce orJII{qaBar or ocraHaJlnre (<}u'uo-corln), qe He caMo He ca rIoJIe3HlI KaKTo Apyrlrre' Ho I4

o6pa'iiro - pa3Ba"rtr BctKo Helqo' Koero ssxoft LrM rloBe-

pr,r, rara nu? W 3aroBa JrH 'Te orKpI'ITo l4cKar Aa uM ce

n.naqa Bb3Harpa)K4enue?... 3arqoto no3HaBaM eALIH M:bx'a r4MeHHo flporarop, cneqerur c roBa 3HaHI'Ie rroBeqenapr,r H ot OnAI,rft, ToJIKoBa rtpotlyr c npeKpacHl{Te clrnpbugsegeHufl, vt or Apyru Aecer cKyJIrlTopu' B3€TH 3aeA-rb... Ka* TonaBa flpoilrop 6ra cxpnn or IrtJIa Elaga, vepa3BaJIr re3LI, Kouro o6rqyna:r c Hero' n qe ru ornpaqa-oqe uo-nopoqHu' orKoJlKoro' Koraro ru e rIpHeJI' HeIrI9:Koero rof ^e npaBItJI rroBeqe or rlerlapulecer roquttu"' 14

He caMo flporarop, Ho lr MHoro Apyru, xlrBeJII'l npeAI'I HerouJrlr KoI,ITo cera )KI4Betr". flporliop (32S B-c: ,,A3 (flpo-:rarop) I{MaM cJlelHara [paKTI'rKa 3a xoHopapa: Koraron.flrofi cBtplrrlr [a yqn rpll MeH' aKo xeJlae' Mu AaBacyMara, xogro I4cKaM' aKo JII{ H9' orI'IBa s Hsrofi xpaM,3aKJIeBa Ce 3a KoJIKO OrIeHtBa ypoql'rTe MI't ll MI',l nJrarqa

272 t9 289

TOJIKOBA..(1,7.Bx. folrua eruKa (II, 6): ,,Hereno 6u ugrrex[ano

TOBa, qe qoBeK, rofiro uMa 3HaHHe, c9 JIlluraBa or Hefo IlJrI,Ice r,r3MeHr. Crrqnst ,qoBo[ 3ana3Ba cBosra cvJra- n gnMHeH[ero, sauloro e 6eepasnuqHo ,qarn craBa AyMa sa3HaHne nru sa MHeHr4e. Axo ptrrennero e cI,IJIHo c roBa, tlee rBbpAo u HenoKoJre6nvro, To roraBa xopara rrle ce npu-Abpxar KbM MHeHHero, qe Bcr,IqKo e TaKa, KaKTo I,IMr,r3rJrex,qa r,I MHeHrnero HflMa rro HuIIIo Aa ce paSJII{qaBa oTssannero." Tarosa 6u.ro crasoB[rrllero na Xeparrr.rt E<[e-cKI,r 3a Herrlara, 3a KoI{To rofi urral cBoe MHeHne. {sHoApncrorer Br.{slrpa or1eJrHr,r Qparrvrenru Ha Xepaxlnr,KaTo ro3n, tle u gaft-cnoco6Hl,Irr qoBeK [o3HaBa caMonpnBr,rAHoro, npr,rBe[eH or Klnuesr Arexcaxgpuficxtt(0p.29). B Teerer fl.uaros o6ocnosara re3ara, qe sHaHn-ero He e caMo rrpaBnJrHo MHeHHe ('I87 a-2O1 c), unto urxnpaBr{JrHo MHeHrre c o6"acnenne (201 c-210 n).

18. Cpn. HnrouaxoBa ernKa, VI, 10.19. ApracroreJr ce Bpbrrla orHoBo KbM craHoBr4rrlero Ha

Corpar, ga roero roBoplr [o.rope B TpaKTara (VII, 2).20. Crasa AyMa 3.a reJrecHr,rre yAoBoJrcrBlafl w crpap.l-

sns. flo-HararbK Airracroren pa3rpaHlrqana (gucranqu-pa) cnoero cxBarrlaHe or rJreAr,rqero Ha xpaituun xeAoHr{-sbM Ha Kupexcrara urKoJra na Apucrnn lr Ap.r xoftro seorrrr,rra roqHo poJrflra Ha AyxoBHr,rre Qarropr'r 3a r.r3rpax-AaHero Ha qoBerrrKoro 6ntne. B ragu BpbgKa rro-KbcHoEnraxyp rcracuQuqupa yAoBorrcrBurra (xelann.rra) H a ( 1 )ecrecrBeHr,r u Heo6xoguv,u, (2) ecrecrBeHn, Ho He neo6xo-,4lrMr,r n (3) HeecrecrBeH[ u He neo6xo,qlrMn.

21. Cnopeg eAHa Bepcua Anrpouoc (I[onex) e r{Me HaarJrer, no6eAuren s OruMnnficxnre urpn.

22. Cpy. HnrouaxoBa err{Ka, III, 11.23. B:x. flo-rope B cr'qara rJraBa.24. Hno6a - Abrrlepr Ha rlap Tanral n xa nururQara

,{uona. Brsropgrna ce 3ap&Ar,r rtroro6pofiHara cr,r qeJrflA }rsa6panura qecrBaHero Ha Jlero (Jlaroxa), Korro r{MaJraABe [eqa. Anonos r,r Aprerruga usrpe6uJrr,r Aerlara HaHno6a.

25. Carupu - Hrrsrrrrl 6oxecrsa. ca. np @ulonarop -o6uvarq 6arqa cn,26. Cps. floruruxa, VII[, II[, 1.27. QanapuA - THpaH n ArpureHr, VI n.np.H.e., LrsBe-

creu ctc cBorra )KecroKocr. Csoure xeprBtr-BparoBe ne-

AP14CTOTEJI HI4KOMAXOBA ETI/KA - EE'{EXKI4 NO KHilTA VII

KbJr B rlx uegeH 6ur.28. B fortaMa err,rKa (I, 6) e or:6en.flgaHo: ,,... lfuro egua

go6po4ereJr Ha Hepa3yMHara qacr Ha Ayrrrara He BbsHHKBaB Hac or npr,rpoAara. Tora, Koero cbrrlecrByBa no nplrpoAa,To He ce n3MeHrr noA BJrr4flHnero Ha [plrB]rqKara. Hanp.KaMbKl,T X TeXeCTTa ragO6rqO nO npHpOAa rraAaT HaAOJry.Konroro r{ Aa rH xBbpJrtMe Harope, Te HflMa,ua ce HocrrHarope, a ue na4ar uagory.t'

29. Tosu reKcr ce fioficHflBa B cr,orBerHut naca)K Halorqrura ernKa (II, 6): ,flocrarr ce Bbflpocbr: KaKBoSacJry)KaBa froBeqe iloplrqaHr4e - HeBb3AbpxaHocrra BrHeB a r.rJr lr cerlrBH nre yAoBoJr crslafr,? Henr sAnpxauocTTaB rr{eBa npnruqa Ha oHe3r,r cJlyru, KoI{To ca HanbJrHororoBn Aa cJryryBar... Taxrs Blr[ HeBb3[T,p)KaHocr Herpn6na MHoro Aa ce oc6xga. A nrx BJreqeHxero KbMHacJra;KAeHue (ygororcrnue) npeAlr3BHKBa nopurlaHne. To-3H BU,q HeBbS[bp)KaHOCT Ce OTJrr4qaBa OT rrbpBr4t BUIHeBbsAr,p)KaHocr. B nocnegnnncnyuafi e HaJrr{qe pa3yMeHloBoA, [peAuasBary qoBeKa or HacJra)KAeHr,re. Ho qosexnocrbrrBa BbrrpeKu pasyMa. I4venHo nopagr,r ra3u npuqu-Ha nogo6Ha HeBb3[bpxaHocr sacJry)KaBa noBeqe flopuqa-Hlre, orKoJlKoro oHagl{, [peAugBI,rKaHa or rHflB.t'

30. B:x. Wlua'ga, XIV, 217.31. Cpn. HnxouaxoBa ervtKl) VII, 5.32. Hartocr (noxornnnocr), 6yftuocr, JraK.oMr{r

- Ka-qecTBa, KoHTo clopeA ApeBHI,rTe eJrIrHI{ ca BbIIJItTeHI,TcborBgTHo B Maraperoz rJruraHa v cBur.tra. B:r. Apucro-rel, 3a qacrlrTe Ha xl,IBorHurerIIr 4.

33. Cpr. fon.sua ernra, II, 5.34. Cpn. HnxouaxoBa ernKa, III, 11; VII, 4..35. Cpa. HuxouraxoBa erlrKa, II,7-8.36. 3arqoro pa3nycHarnqr qoBeK [ocrbnBa cto6pasHo

BOJrrTa Lr Ce CTpeMr,r K6M yAOBOJTCTBVfl rr0 Ct4ilLTA HAcbsHareJruua, go6pe npecMernarna ns6op.

37. flpusuaK Ha apprcroKparurrurd o6nocxu.38. (Dnnorrer *:rparegnn na Teogerr (IV n.up.n.e.),

npn6.nu:xeH Ha Kpbra Ha flnaros u Apncrorel. C.ue4naItvnvsra na ErpunnA B TparelvtflTl.

39. Kaprnn - TparrlqecKr4 rroer, BHyK Ha eAHouMeH-HnJ{ floer Kapxun. )KHsee npes IV B.np.H.e. Pa6oru sCnpaxysa, B ABopa Ha rrdpaHa fiuouucui'r Mla,4nrn.

40. KceHoQaHT - My3*rKaHT (IV n.up.n.e.) n gropa uaArercangrp MaregoHcxn. 3a nts4eficrn[ero Ha rrecHnTe

290 291

vry nx. Cenexa (3a rHeBa, II, II, 6), xofir:o rpe4aBa: ,,pa3-rrpaBsr, qe KaKTo cJryrrraJr rreceHTa na KcenoQanr, Anex-canAbp rrocerHaJr KbM Mgqa cr,t.t'

41. Bx. Xepo4or, I, 105.42. Cpu. fharoH, .{tp:ranara, 573 c.43. Cpn. HnrouaxoBa err4Ka, VII,2.44. ApucroreJr 3arqnraBa paqnoHaJrHcrr{qecKoro Ha-

qaro B rroBeAeur{ero Ha raHA}tBlrAa. Cpn. HuxoMaxoBa err,r-ra, VII, 1. A s fon.rr\da err,rKa (II, 6) roft nume: .Henre-[b-p)KaHocrra e ABa Br{Aa. EgaHunr Br,rg HeBb3gtp)Kaxocre 6yfi uara, Heo6vrncneHara, BHe3anHara HeBT,gAbp)KaHocr.Tara nanp. npu Br4Aa Ha KpacuBa xeHa Hr.re lr3BeAHb)K cMeo6xsaHarr,r or H.flKaKBo vyrcrno u 6laro4apeulre Ha crpa-cTTa BI3HI,IKBa HxKaKT,B nopnB Aa HarlpaBr,lvr uoxe 6nleulo nenogo6anarqo. BropvrflT BrrD\ HeBr,3Abpxanocr e6olegnenara HeBbgAT,p)KaHocr, rrprdMeceHa ctc cto6pa-)KeHr,r.fl, orKJroHr{Barrlv or geficrnr,re. Ilrpnnnt Br{A crKarrrHe IIp eAr,rsBr,r KB a cr,tJr Ho nopurlaHHe. Taxas a HeBbsnbp)Ka-Hocr e npucbrrla na gocroftuu, 3arraJreHu nHaELpeHr,r xopa.BropHar BuA e nprlc:brrl Ha cryleHr,r r MpaqHr,r xopa, Kor,rrorpabna Ia ce roprlrlaBar. 7I orqe Herrlo. 9osex He ceno,q[aBa Ha qyBcTBo o cnyvaft, qe pa3yMr,T ro [pe4nasBa-..llo-rorqN{o rropnIIaHr,re 3acJry)KaBa oH3r,r rroBeK, xofiro orpagyMa gHae, qe He rpn6na tra rrocTr,nBa raKa o6aqe cerrpeAaBa Ha yAoBoJrcrBnero. Oaxruqecxr{ TaKbB HeBbg-,4bp)KaH qoBeK HUKOTa He MO)Ke [a CTaHe AOCTOeH qOBeK.Tona e cnyuafi,, Koraro rrpeArra3Barrlu.nr pasyM He e BcbcrorHne Aa JreKyBa. Btnpexu qe ro3Ir pa3yM r,rMa rocrro-ACTBaqO noJroxeHne B HeroBaTa Aylra, qoBeK He My cenoAqHHrBa u ce or,qaBa Ha BJracrra Ha y4oBoJrcrBnflTa.....

45. ,{ervrogoK * pancoA, rroer, VI n.np.H.e.46. Cps. Bropa auanuruxa,I,T-47. flpegnoqnraHuqra ua QulocoQa ca ua crpaHara Ha

lroBeKa, roftro [pHTexaBa pbKoBoAHo HarraJro Ha cBoeroIIOB9AOHII9, a He IIOCTT,nBa CJIe[eIIIKaTa.

48. flouo6so HpaBcrBeHo KaqecrBo e cueqnQraqno 6na-rO, CpeAI,tHa, IpOTI,IBOIIOJIOXHa Ha III3JIIIIIIbKa I,I H9AOCTLITa(Kareropnu, 17; Tonuxa, lII, 2\, cl,3Byque Ha ,4vrreBHlrcsofrcrsa (Tonu<a, IV, 3; VI,2), ua sore-Bara (xe.rrirelua-Ta) qacT Ha AyrxaTa, KaKBaTO e pasCbAHTeJrHaT& 3a pasyM-HaTa^qacr H_a_Ayrrrara (Tonura, V, 8).

49. B:r. HnrouaxoBa erriKa, VII:2.50. CoQortn, @unorrer, 93O !r cJreA. Ha r:agu rnop6a

APYICTOTEN HI4KOMAXOBA ETYIKA - EENEXKYI NO KHt4fA VII

Apnc:rorea ce no3oBaBa r{ ro-paHo B TpaKTara cra (VII,2).51. Cpn. HuxornraxoBa err,rKa, I, 4; YI, 1,2.52. Cpn. Huxor'raxoBa err{Ka, VI, 10, 12-13-53. AsaxcaHgpn,u or o-B Pogoc - cbBpeMeHHr{K Ha

Apucrore.n, rroer-KoMegr,rorpaO, [pelcraBHTeJr Ha r.Hap.cpeAHa KoMeAHs.

54. Enen * IpeBHorp. noer n coQrcr or V n.np.n.e.,pQaovr or o-B flapoc, aBTop Ha eJrernr,r. Cnopeg ffraros((Dearp, 267 a) rofi nprn Br,Be)K,qa,,crpaHr4rrHoro o6scse-HI,Ie u KocBeHara fIoxBaJIa'(, 3a Aa I,IMar crtlxoBere rro-rorqMa eQerrnnHocr n 3a Aa ce 3anoMHflT no-JrecHo.

55. Bx. HuxoluraxoBa erlrKa, II, 11.56. Tyx, KaKTo u qecro ApyraAe, Apucrorel upu6xrna

AO H3rCH.flBaHe eTHMOJrOrr,rflTa Ha TepMI,tHUTe, KOLTTO r,r3-TIOJI3BA.

57. Mneuue, nprrHa[Jre)Karrlo, o6rqo B3ero, Ha rrpelcra-BureJII,ITe Ha Kranra.recKara [rKoJra (.[uoreH or Cnnona lrAp.).

58. Tosa r4 rrpeluecrBarrloro craHoBt4ule ca vr.cr.npu-paHr.r or rrrraroHnsMa. Cpn. Oune6, 5"L a-52 e; (DeaoH, 65a.

59. flono:rer.vrfl, KoHTo rro-Kr,cHo 3arqrar B ocHoBaraHa HpaBcrBeno-erurrecKara lporpaMa Ha nuraropeftcrBo-TO.

60. flo-rope (III,'10) aBTopr,T cBtpsBa roua HpaBcrBe-HO KATIECTBO II C TEJIECHI{TC HACJIAXAEIiII,lfl, AOKATO TYK I,IMArrpeABLrI oTcbcTBneTo Ha r,r3KycTBo 3a yAoBoJrcTBr,reTo.

61. Orryx npor,rsrnqar ABe rJregnrrla: (1) y,uono.ncrBvr-ero e gefinocr n (21 cbcroqnr,re Ha Ayruara. fltprororJIeAUqe, ocHoBaHo Ha peJIaTltBUSMa, KOeTO Ce npl/InnCBAHa HrKor{ co<}ncru H rrpnBbpxeH14rlr{ ua Coxpar, ce ocflop-Ba or Apncrore.n. B lolsua err,rKa (II, 7) rofi nnure:,,Hr,rro eAHo HacJraxAeHne He e craBaHe, 3arrloro Aa)KeoHoBa yAoBoJrcTBHe, KoeTo rrpeAr43BnKBaT .flAeHeTO tr IIue-Hero, He e craBase. M sa6.ny:rganar ce oHegu, Kor,troHapuqar BcriqKH no4o6uu y[oBoJrcrBtlfl. crarar.e.. B Ay-rrraTa cbqecTByBa qacT, oJraroAapeHLre Ha KorTo yceqaMey[oBoJIcTBI{e, KOfaTO KOHCyMT{paMe OHOBa, KOeTO H}r Jrltn-cra. Tagra qacr u ce ABvxr,t. Hefisata gefinocr pr ABH)KeHlreca y[oBoJrcrBrrero. flopa4u roBa, qe ra3r{ qacr Ha Ayrrrarageftcrna npn npneMaHero Ha xpauara HJrr,r nopagu neftHo-ro geficrnue Te Hapr{qar yAoBoJrcrBr,rero craBaHe, IoKoJr-KOTO npneMalreTo HaxpaHaTa e flBHo, a qacTTa Ha [yIIraTa

292 293

- HexBHa... CtrqecrsyBa HrKaKBa qacr Ha [yruara, qpe3KoflTo HHe ugnHTBaMe yAoBoJrcrBHe, vrragu tracr AeficrBa,Koraro e HaJrr{qe norpe6neHile. 3arosa HuKaKBo y,AoBoJrc-TBue He e craBaHe.(

62. f onnua qacr or Ar4aJrora na Oune6 na flnaroH errocBerena r{a ro3}r npo6leu.

63. Bx. HurouaxoBa eruKa, VII, 4.64. Bx. HurovraxoBa erriKa, III, 11.65. fto4pas6lrpar ce KoJrr{qecrBexr{Te onpegeJreHr,rr,

Ha ocHoBara Ha Kolrro ce rpaHcQopMr,rpa yqeHr,rero Haflnaton ga 6raruero H Kor,rro ce npr,rJrarar KbM aHaJrlr3a Hanpo6nevrnre Ha MoparrHara QnnocoQr,rn. Brn QznocoQnr-Ta na Cnescull elr,rHHoro e peaJrHoo6exrr,rsHr,rrr rrp]tHrll{n,a go6poto unu 6raroro ro cJreABa no ftepapxusecKarac:rrr6uqa. EguuHoro e uporprBonoro)KHoro Ha MHoxecr-Boro, KaKTo 4o6poro (6naroro) - Ha 3Jroro. E4raHuoto uee rb)KAecrBeHo c go6poro. Tnxsoro rbx[ecrBo ilpe4[o-Jrara TT,xAecTBoTo Ha MHoxecrBoTo cbc SJroro. 3arqoroMHO)KeCTBOTO BKJIIOqBa SJTOTO KaTO eAr,rH CBOft Bb3MOXeHeJreMeHT H rrpeAcraBrfBa \va\ara H pa3HocTpaHHoTo r,r3o-6u1o (r'rarepl.ra.rrnoro). B MeraQnanxa (XI[,7) n xpn'nrueuToH rro agpec Ha cxBauaHero Ha Cuescun ApncroreniloAqepraBa: ,rHenpanI{JrHo e MHeHItero Ha oHe3l,r, KoI,IToKaro rrr4Taropefiqnre n Cnesclrn cMrrar, ue uari-npexpa-cHoro u Hafi-Ao6poro He ilpuHaAJrexar Ha Haqaloro (npra-aquna)." Cpn. MeraQnsura, l, 6,9; XII, 1; XIII, 5, 7, 8,9;xIV,4.

66. Apucrorer LrMa npegBHA cxBarrlaHvrflTLr^a Kr,rHnrIH-re. Tyx ,ce flpoKpagBar" Bb3rJreAu, Kor,rro rqe 6rgaro6ocnonanll MaJIKo rro-KT,cHo or crol{unre.

67. MneHr,re na QunocoQure or KnpeHcKara rrrKoJra(Apucrun H Ap.) u na Enqoxc. 3a cxsaqaHero Ha EsAoxcsx. HlrrolvraxoBa erurca, X,2.

68. Crr,rx o:r ,{era r4 IHn (763) ua XesnoA.69. EoxecrBeHlrrr eJreMeHT y qoBeKa

- 'r'|oBa e Hycr,T

(yrvmr). Eo:recreeHara rrpupo,qa - ToBa e HeuoABnxHHtrABr{rareJr. B MeraQnsrara (II,7) ApncroreJr nurue: ,,VMI,Tqpe3 cbnpr{qacTHocrTa Ha npe[MeTa Ha Mr4cbJrTa MncJrncau ce6e cr,r. Toft craBa npelMer Ha Mlrcr,Jrra, BJrngafiKH Bcbnpr,rKocHoBeHue c Hero rt MrlcireftKr{ 3a Hero, TaKa qeyMbr I,r HeroBlr.flT [peAMer ca eAHo H cbrrlo Heulo. 3arqorooHoBa, Koero e cnoco6so Aa rrpneMa s ce6e clr npeAMeraHa MucbJrra u cblrlHocrra, e yMbr. A rofi e AeeH, Koraro

rrpure)KaBa npeAMera Ha MI,ICbJITa- TaKa qe Karo 6oxect-nt,noro s Herb tpx6ra Aa ce rpueMa no-cKopo o6nagann-ero, orKoJlKoro cnoco6socrra KbM Hero'

'I yMo3peHuero

e Haft-npnxrHoro ra uafi-xy6aBoro... ,{eftuocma Ha yMa -ToBa e xuBorbr, a For- e geftnoct. l[ neftnocrra My,KaKBaro rt e caMa no ce6e cn, e Haft-xy6asr,r"f,r lI BeqHuflTxLIBor.t'

70. 3noto BbsHHKBa, rlo AyMHTe Ira fllatoH rlocerqaBaqoBelrlKara npnpoAa n :allll:r4fi' cBffT' "rro

ueo6xogltvtocto'(Teerer. 176 a\.' 71. ipr. HfixoMaxoBa etura, II, 6-

72. Bx. HnrouaxoBa eruKa' VII, 5.73. B erI,IqecKHTe yqeHl'rfl Ha aHTI'IqHufr cBflT roJIffMo

3HaqeHHe I,lMa orHolneHuero MexAy yAoBoJlcrB!{ero }I cTpa-

AaHI{ero. B gasncurdocr or HeroBoro xapaKTepl'I3}IpaHe ceoqepTaBaT pa3JrHqHI,I HacoKll B MOpaJIHaTa (DI4rocoQHt' 5apagraranHun xeAonnsrM IIeJITa Ha qoBerlrKoro noBeAeHlleca v.uoBoJlcrBuflTa u oco6eno reJlecHure-B yuepeuvflxe',uoti""t*t te ca neo6xoAI,IMI,l, AoKoJIKoro ca 6uo.noruqecKllqenecro6paeHla. A o6uxHoneHllTe xopa' cuopeA Apucro-ren, rOrnrneHCUpAT OTCbCTBII9TO Ha 3HaqnMLI AyXOBHU yAO-

BOJTCTBI,It c TeJIecHLI yAOBOJICTBI',Tt.

74. B MetaQue nica (XII, 7) Apracrorerl nIT ilre: ,,OtTaKoBa HaqaJIo (Eor) 3aBI,IcflT ne6ecara u qflJlara npupo-ga. I4 neronnsr riusot e naft-xy6arvtflT, KaKbBTo e fipucblrlHa Hac, xopara 3a MHoro rpairo BpeMe. B raxona cbcro-rnue rb e'suHaru (y nac tosa He uoxe ga-6lge), salrloroHeroBara geftnocr'i: cbIrIo yloBoJIcrBue.-."

76.Tosu npo6leu Apltctoten rqe pa3rJIe)KAa rlo-Hara-TbK B KHHra AeceTa.

APMCTOTE'I HI4KOMAXOBA ETI4KA - EENEXKI/I NO KH]4TAVII

294 295

Knnra VIII

1. Togra npo6levr e nocraBeH B TpaKTara. Bx. Hnxoua.xoBa err{Ka, II, 7; IV, 6, 12. Ho ryK ce rper}rpa BbDBCHqKI,ITe My B'b3MO)KHH acneKTI4.

2. ,,\pyx6ara - nuure Apucroren - ce rpocrr,rp&npes qeJrr{.fl )KHBor t4rtpt4 pa3rurrHr,r o6cTo.ffTencrsa. I4 HueBllxlaMe, qe r.fl e 6laro, H nopagn Ta3I,t trpurtuHa 3a Heflrpa6na ra ce roBopn Karo (6naio), Koero xMa orHorxenneKr'M rrlacr"eTgt' (fo.rrar.aa eruKa, II, 11). A no-narartrrofi nurue: ,Aa rrogHae qoBeK ce6e cu'- T,oBa e safi-TpygHoro u nafi-pa4ocrHoro. Ho car"rn He Mo)KeM Aa. r.u-gNu ce6e cn. IrI roBa Jrr4rrtr or Qaxra, qe Karo ynpeKBaMeApyrI,ITe, HI,Ie He 3aoeJrf3BaMe, r{e CaMpr Btbprrrr4M CXOAHIIrrocrbrlKtr. Tosa ce Ar,Jrxlr Ha cHlr3xoxgeun-ero rtv ce6ecu vtrrv.Ha npncrpacTrlero- I4 usoro or Hac rH 3acJrerr.flBa,upeueftxu r,rM Aa nperleHrBar BrpHo. 3arosa KaKTo npu)KeJraHr,reTo Ia BT4AHM CBOeTO Jrlrrle Hr,re fJreAaMe B orJreAa-JroTo r{ ro Br4)KAaMe, TaKa V ilpkt )KeJraHHeTo Aa no3HaeMce6e cu, Er{e MoxeM ga nosHabu ce6e cn, rnegafixu npu-flTeilfi. cu. Halu [pr,rflTeJrrr, KaKTo KagBaMe,

- rona e,,BTopoTo ag". TaKa qe, aKo e paAocrHo ga nosHaena ce6ecrr, a ToBa e HeBb3Mo)Kno 6eg rroMolrlTa Ha npuflTeJl fr, cvtrTolr caMo3aAoBoJrJ{Barqurr ce_qoBeK ce Hy)Ktrae or gpyx6ara,3a Aa no3Hae ce6e cu..- 3arosa cbBMecrHrrrr xlrBor etrpuflTer^ u Heo6xogrEvr. Axo BcuqKo ToBa e npeKpacHo,Heo6xoquuo Lr upuflTHo r,r He Mo)Ke ga crrqecinyila 6es[oMorrlTa na gpyx6ara, To caMo3a4oBor,.fl;arwrfr.f ce q0-ryeK e AJrr,xeH Aa r{3rrnrBa norpe6xocrra or Apyx6a:ra..,(Folrua eruKa, II, 15)

3. Tq e 3a npel[orrrrraHe npeg 6orarcrBoro, 3arrloroqoBeK r uocTura noBeqe caM, oTKOJTKOTO qpeS Apyr rroBeK(Tonnxa, III, 3).

.!- Cp:. Peropura (II, 4): ,, ffpurren e ro3rr qoBeK,roftro o6uqa n na cnofi pea e o6lrqas. Tesra ,xollro cdCM.flTaT 3a TaKa pa3nOJIOXeHH eII,tH KT,M Apyr, Ce CM.flTaT garrptrflteiln... flpulren e ro3r,r, xofiro ce paABa Ha Harrrr4TepaAocrr,r u ct<np6u c Haruure 6olru He 3apaAlr Herrlo Apyro,a sapaAr,f uac-.. flpnxreJrn ca oHesu, 3a Korrro eAHH rr Crrqr.lHerrla ca 4o6po HJrlr 3Jro... 3arosa o6nqavre oHe3r,r, Konao cacropl4Jrr,r go6po vntu Ha Hac, vtJtvt Ha Tvrfl.) Kolrro Hrr cacKT,rrn.,., KoHTO Ca [pI{flTeJIU Ha Ha[IHTe npugTeJln...,Koraro ca roroBr4 Aar.kr rroMorHar... O6ra.rra 6usa: Apyrap-

AP'ICTOTEN

r:'r'rro, 6nu3ocr, poAHLrHcrBo I,I Apyru raKI,IBa. @axtopn uao6uqra ca 6rarocKJloHHocrra, roroBHocrra Aa HanpaBuMilorqo, 6ee ga 6lgervr IIoMoreHH.t'

5. Wnnaga, X, 220-227. \yv^u Ha ,{raovreA' Irap HaAproc:-

Hecrope, MofiTo cbpqe !I Ayxr,T un 6escrpalreH MeK lr paT

,qa ce upoMrxna r 6rra3Krlr craH Ha MbiKere npax4e6-lll,t.

Ho axo c MeHe rlol4cKar a Aofi[e n rpyr or axeftqr'I'floBeqe 6ogpocr qe uMaM I'l MHoro rro-Abp3bK ure

6 r,;1e.

,{narnra Koraro oruBar, 83a}rMHo o6rrruclxr yPbpAHoKaK [a ycileqT; a caM-caMlIH' KOJIKOTO 14 Aa IIpeMH,cJI.fl'BCe rrbK yMbT My e 6aeeH I4 BOJrflTa [ocra no-cna6a.Ha crrqciro r'rgcno or Wnual.a ce no3oBaBa flnaron s

rrlKoLr cBolr AI{aJIosrE (flporarop, 348 e; flup, t74 e)-6. @r.rn anrporlI,Itra (uon exon ro6 raelo) - H aft -sugrrrar a

H c'bBr'pilreua Qoprua UJII{ npotBa Ha BpoAeHoTo tIyBcTBo 3a6rnsocr Mexgy xopara. Eruso [Be croJrerut npeAl4 ToBa,lpeBHoKI,ITairckusr Mbtrpeq Kou<[yunft It3Aura Karo B-bp-xOBHa HOpMa Ha qOBeIIIKOTO CT)XIITeJICTBO IIOBeKOJIIO6Ue-,r,O _ T.Hap. )KT,H.

Ouenu4uo Apucror:el BI,I3Itpa Id cBoI4Te npoAbJlxu-'roJIHI{ II!,TyBaHI'Ifl' KOI4TO rO OTBe)KAaT B paSJIpItIHU rIaCTI4

lra ApeBHnff IrHBr4JlrI3oBaH cgfr -

s flera, croJII'IIIara HaMax'e,qoHnq, Crarnpa, po[Horo My Mtcro, Arnna, atup-lcfi (Mana Azun), rurprrlanena (o-n Jlec6oc), oruono flela,Mnesa (Maxegoul.ts) n ap-

7. fipy>x6tra I{3KJIIoqBa BpalKlara, KopeHHure pa3JII{-rrHfl B nHTepecure Ha xopara, -nP_eArIOJIara

cxoAcrBoroMexAy rxx (Cpr. wr.uaga,Xxl_Ir ?62.-26:4), a ue ce6enro6u-c'ro (Cpn. flnaron, 3aronn, 732 a). Ts ce cBbp3Ba cbcclrpaReAJII,rBOCTTa, paBeHcTBOTO Ha ABe BeJrHqI{HH, T-e. Ha

/lrre Jrrrqxoctu. Hafi-roJrrtMoro npnflTeJlcrBo cbIrIecrByBaMc)KAy uogo6nn no xapaKTep xopa (B:x. fl.narox, foprnfi,.5 l0 n). PaseHcrsoro rlpeAnoJlara paBHo y[oBoJlcrBr're,.acxo.qcrBoro ropaxfla tpyx6ara (cpi. fllaion, @egt,p,240c)..{py:r6arainu npfi.sreJlcrBoro' KaKTo qe o6o6rqu ilo-K'r,cHo Altoreu Jlaepuuft (V, 31), nosonasairrn ce Ha cBo-ure upeAurecrseHllrln lr npegu BcI{qKo Ha flraroH u Apu'c'foreJl, e paBeHcTBo Ha BSaI,IMOPaSTIOJIOXeHOCT.

Apucroren pas rJI e)KAa rpy)K6ara u ru npvsreJrcrBoro

H'IKOMAXOBA ETI4KA - EEJIEXK14 NO KHNTA VIII

296 297

AP14CTOTEN

B Mopa;rHo-er[qecKr,r 14 corluaJreH rrJran. B flrpna auarH.rr,rxa (II, 22) uereur: ,,Jfro6onra no-cKopo npor,rsrnqa orApy)Koara, orKoJrKoro or cerr4BHoro BJreqeHue. Ho aKo cTaKa, ro gpy)K6ara npegcraBJrrBa rleJrra ua ruo6onra.,.,{pyx6ara npelcraBJrflBa H eguHo[yuuero Mexly rpax.AaHraTe, Koero ce cxBarrla Karo 6raro B AbpxaBara. CpB.HuxouaxoBa err.rKa, VIII, 8.

8. Cpn. Per:opnxa, II, 4.9. Ha roBa Mrcr,o Apucrorel Bb3npon3BexAa reKcra

or Auarrora Jlusuc (213 e-214 c), rt4eho ff.naros npuBe-)KAa MHeHuero Ha rroerr,rre, ytreHr,rre ra QulocoQrre- fl.na-ToH lr-Ma npegB_rdA MHeHlrero na Ovrup, Conos r,r HarypOH-rocoQure or MNlercKaTa rrrKoJra (Talec, Asarcili"rin-,qbp, AHaKcraueu) u oco6eno cxnallairero ua EuneAoKbJI,sa roftro ocHoBHr{Te eJreMeHT}t, T.Hap. KopeHrd Ha Herrlarace ct6npar 6narogapeHr.re Ha nro6osra (fpy:r6ara).

10. Apr.rcrorerr B r,r3r.rpa Ognces (XVII, 279 -22O\', KbAe-TO e Ka3aHO:

... noMbKHal 6esgenxr,rK cJreA ce6e cu gpyr desgeJrHr,rK,KaKTo ce cJryqBa: cr6upa no4o6eH c uogb6nraq Eortr.fharoH (foprnft, 510 B) npr,rBe)KAa MHeHr{ero Ha Ape-

BHr{Te MbAperlu, qe Haft-ucxpeHara Apyx6a cbrrlecrByBoMe)KAy cxoAHH rroMexly cr xopa. Cpn. ,{tpxaBara, 329 a;(Desr!, 24a c.

1 1. flporr,rno[oJro)KHoro cxBarrlaue, qe cxoAHr.rre xop&ce c nepHlrrllr, uspa3flna Xesuo4 (r{e"rra Lt Alnvr,25-26):'

C peauocr crpotrreJrrr rJre,qa crpor{TeJr, rpbHqap nbKrpbHqapfl,

npocrK Ha npocflK 3aBr,rxAa, a crqo rreBerl Ha [eBeqa.. Crqara Mr{cbJr ce [pr,rBexAa or fl.nar:on (IIueuc,2l5

c).. 12. @parMeHr or Enpunng, sana3eH or Arenefi (II-III

n).' 13. Testl Mr,rcJrr,l Ha anTnrrHrar qr,rnocoQ ca o6egxnenu

p_ ellHo H npegcrarJrflBar QparrraeHr }{b8 s r,r3AaHnero HaX.,[unc.

14- ErranegoKbJr - ApeBHorp. Qnnoco$, po,qeH n Arpu-reut (Axparanr), Cuq:a^nut, V n.np.n.e. 3ariagenu ca e'pa-rMeHTr,r oT noeMure My 3a ilplrpo4ara ra ffpeuncrranna, nKOr,rTO Ce pa3Kpr,rBa BbnpocHoTo cxBarrlaHe u ytreHr.teTo cH3a KopeHr{re (xaua.nara, eleueHrure) Ha scnqxo (seur,BoIa, Bb3A)rx, orrn) cbrrlecrByBaruo H sa ABere KocMHqe-cKvt cr tt4 (apyx6ara r.r pasgopa).

15. Cpn. lolsvra ernKa (II, 11): ,,Jloull'lre xopa Bcrbn-rrar B Apyx6a, ttpcefiKu- y[oBoJlcrBl't-fl' MI'lcJIflT' rle rt{ e

Itpyx6a, bcsonaga na go6pogereJlTa' Koero e HeBb3Mox-rrb... Cnpyxar,atrtKu ce 3apa[n yAoBoJIcrBI'Iero' Te rt,Pctr B

lipv*olii Heulo go6poge'relu6, no roBa He e nrpno' 3auo-'r'il-xrA,ero nvra yAononcrBlne 14 I{3roAa, TaM HtMa AoctpoAe-'f ofl.t'' --

1,6. Cpn. fonarraa eruKa (II, 11): ,,[pyx6ata Ha go6pra-'l'c xopa ce onrapa Ha go6pogereJlTa' apyx6a'ra Ha MHo3HH-c'r'Boro - Ha usrogara' a rIpH rpy6ure H rrocpegcrBeHurexopa gpyrK6araslr*tcvr or HacJIarrAeHuero' Koero ce no-Jry-.;;;;.?';rlprero e Aa ce MucJIH' qe cblqecrByBa 4pyx6a c

Eotu, "e,igy[eneHere

HeIrIa- Ho rosa e HeBflpHo' 3aqorolrpvx6ata ciopel Hae lIMa Mflcro raM' Kb[ero e Bb3MoxHao'r"serHa nro66s. A lpyx6ara c Eora He AorycKa orBerHaflIo6oB, nuro ugo6qo KaKBaro I{ Aa e JrtoooB' }taJlH e

HeJreno [a ce cJlyma or Hqroft, ue tofi nAp])rra crc 3enc*'Toqno raKa He Moxe [a ce roBopl{' rle HeoAy-rueBeHllTeHeura HMar orBerHa rlo6os" (forlnvra ernKa' II' L1)' 3apa3aHKa or gpyx6ara rpl4 rrc6osra-npeAMerbr Ha.YYB9T:llara He BHHaru e rexeu cy6exr. B fonsvra eruKa (II' 11)Apncroten or6erssea, qe npelMerb-r npeAlI3BI4KB_15^'1T'^-66nra, He e cbIIIIltJ{T, KaKTo rogH, rofiro It3ltcKBa JrIoboBTaxrrnr ce6e cn" ,{agen npeAMeT MOXe Aa e rrpeAMeT Ha

rlo6osra, no tofi He ce crpeMll Kb,M oH3Ia' KoI4To ce

rlbsrroJl3Ba or Het. Ero sarqo Apyx6ara e rasu' KoflToiropu^tu rp6onra. .{pyx6ara e q6"ira Ha rro6osra' 9::yScerr4BHOTO BJIeqeHl4e u nrc6osTa ca noAqItHeIJvI, cJty;Kar vr

(flrpna aHarII{TuKa, Il, 22). lppr6ara e no-qeHHo ordo"aictuoto, rrone)Ke e neuto nperpacHo caM no ce6e cr't

(Tonura, III, 1).' 77. Tosn nupoc ce pa3rJlexAa no-HararbK B TpaKTara

(IX,5).' 18: Cpn. Ionrvra errKa' II, 11.19. Cirr. forsr"ra eruKa, II, 11 : ,.Apy*6uta, ocHoBaHa

Ha HecxogcrBoro, Tbpcu H3ro4ara. EeAnu.nr qoBeK e npu-rrreJr Ha 6oratua, AoKoJIKoro My JIlIncBa oHoBa' Koerorrpr.rre)KaB a 6oratr,rqr...,{pyx6ara MexAy Hecxo[HI'ITe xo-pi e ocnonal{a Ha uarogara-u HeHarIpa3Ho Enp-unua K93-u-t:

,,Ko"ato geM{Ta e cyxa' unl fr e glxglr" (Ope*,667),nogpas6np aiaru, rIe MexAy re3It rlporHBorroJloxHocrll Bl'3-Huxsa gpyx6a, ocHoBaua ua n3rogata-"

20. Cpn. Peropura, II, 13: ,,flo-nlspacrHl4Te u orMrl-

298 299

HaJrr,rTe 3peJrocTTa cr,r xopa B noBeqeTo cilyq0,kt }IMaT xapa.KTep, npaBo npoTI,rBonoJIo)KeH Ha TO3[r Ha MJraArrTe. c.rregKaTO Ca npexl{BeJrr,r MHoro roAr,IHr,I u ca [peTbprreJrr,r MHo-ro I,rsMaMu H rperrrKH 14 cile[ KaTO qOBeL[KLITe pa6oT]lBbpBrr 3Jre, Te He rBbpArr Hr,rnlo c KareropHqHocT... Te carroAosprrreJrHH nOpaAH HeBepr4eTo cpr, a He BrpBaT 3apalHorrr,ITa clr. Ero 3alrlo Hrrro Mnoro obuqar, Hr{To MHoroMpa3qT, a cIIopeA HaCTaBJIeHI,TeTO Ha EUanr o6nqaT, cff-Karrl IOTOBI4 [a HaMpA3ffT, VI Mpa3flT, C'KaIII I'OTOBI,I Aagao6uqar.-Manogyrluu ca, uone*e ca 6unuy""^ura"" 6r)KHBOTA. HE CE CTPEMflT KbM HIAIqO BEJIHKO I,I I43KJIIOIIIITEJI.Ho, a caMo KbM Hy)KHoro- 3a )Kr,rBora. He ca qeAplr...Xusnerlo6vrByl ca,-u oco6eHo B Kpar Ha )Kr4Bora cr{...Ce6enrc6r,18r{ ca rroBeqe, orKoJrKoro e HyxHo... )KlaseqrHe3a Kpacr,rBoro, a rroBeqe 3a rroJre3noro... He xpanar HaAe-)KIH nopagr,r onlrrHocrra,ctz,... )Kasesr uoseqe cbc cnoMe-Ha, oTKOJIKOTO C Haug,x,4aTa, fIOHe)Ke OCTaTbKt T OT )KnBO-Ta I,IM e MaJIT,K, a OTMI,IHaJIOTO e AbJIrO... TOra rarurenno eilpnqvHa u sa 6t6puBocrra R\a... fnesbr nM e ocrr,p, Hooe3cHJIeH, a €IHH OT )KeJIaHr,trTa I{M ca, tu r4gocTLPt4ItyI,Apyrlr cacna6u-.. Te rtpruar HecnpaBeAJrr,rBocrn or sno6a,He oT ppsocr. Crapure ca cbrrlo crronuu Kr,M cr,crpara-Hr{e... Te prr.rcnqr, qe BcHrrKu 6egu ca 6rr,rsKu e a ixx...,OTKT,AOTO IIOCTOflHHO vffipvrOpar.'

21.. Cpn. Peropuxa, Ii, lZ:,,flo xaparrep MJraAr.rre cacKJroH Hr,r KbM )KeJr aH IdflT A V Ca HaCTpOe HU AA, BbprrraT ToB a,Koero rroxeJlaflT. Or unrrcrure xelasrur re ca no_cx.nos_Hr,I ,4a cJrelBaT .[rc6OBHr,rre HacJraxAeHns. vt He ca BT,3Abp_)KaHu B TJ{x. ffo ornolreHne Ha )KeJIaHHflTa re ca Henocro.fllruu u Kanprlgnrr, cr4JrHo xeJrarr n 6tpso npecraBar AaxeJraflT. )KenaHnsra vM ca ocrprr, no ue cuhsw

- raio)Ka)KAaTa pr rJraAa y 6onuure. fLiarvrennu, uz'yxnuBL n cacKJr,oHHI,t Aa cJregBar rHeBa cra... O6nqar rroqecrvre t4no6egure. 3auloro MJraAocrra )KeJrae npeBbsxoAcrso... Texr{Be.ET rJraBHO C HaAe)KAa, 3arrloTo Tf ce oTHaCA gO 6r4e_rrlero, a cnoMenbr gacrra Ml,rHaJloro, a ga MJraAHre 6rfie-rrleTo e AbJrro, a MHHaJroro

- KparKo... Jfecso ce MaMrr,3arrloro JrecHo ce HaArBar. Te ca u [o-cMeJrH, 3aqoro cautlyxnutu r{ nbJrHtr c Hane)KArl... Te [peA[oqr,rrar AaBbplrraT Kpacr.{BoTo, a He [oJreSHoTo, noHe)Ke ce pbKoBo-[rr rloier{e or xapaKrepa cu, orKoJlKoro or cto6pa:re_Hufr,..- O6Hqar npnrrelur:e r,r Apyrapnre cv rroBeqe n cpa-BHeHr,re c ApyrzTe Bb3pacTH nopaAr{ paAocTTa Or Sa4py:x_

lrHr xuBor... Ipeurar BbB BcllqKo nopaALI KpafrHocr I4

ilcyMepeHocT..., 3aIIIOTO BbprlraT BCLIIIKO npflKo MflpKa-'r'lt."

22. CrnT plrreuara 4pyx6a e npl{cr,Iqa Ha xopara B

'rl)'lJra Bb3pacT.' 23. Cpil. HutcouaxoBa erI'IKa, VIII, 4-24. \iuc'sn, HsrroJI3BaHa or I-lnqepon. B:n. Jlelufi unu

'ur npnrreJlctnoro, XIX.iS.Cpn. flnaron, Oetlp, 237 a-244 t.26. frve ocHoBHI,I uos.sius B yq-eHnero Ha Apracrorel'

(lpu. Hr,rroMaxoBa eruKa' [, 5; X, 6.27. Anroptr Ha crl'Ixa Hen3BecreH.28. Cpa. Hnxor'raxoBa erl{Ka, VIII' 3-

29. Cpn. HuropraxoBa eruKa' VIII, 11.30. Tlieqra sa gpyx6ata (npuarelcrroro) Karo paBeH-

c'l'uo Ha ,orAeJIHlr ereMestu" e 3aulnTaBaHa or rrl'ITaro-pciiqure. ,{uoreH Jlaepulrfi (VIII, 10) nuure rro ro3LI ro-irog: ,,flurarop pa3AeJII,IJI xuBora raKa: ,,.[nagecet roAI'I-nH - MoMqe, ABa[ecer:'unaAex' IBagecer - SptJlocr,/llra,uecer - crapeq. Brspacrure cborBercrBar Ha ro,qurrr-1il4Te BpeMeHa: MoMqeTo - Ha IIpoJIeTTa, MJIaAe)KbT.rltlTOTO, 3peJILI.gT qOBeK

- Ha eCeHTa' CTapeIIbT -:-Harnuarazt... Tofi npln rro AyMI,ITe na Tuvrefi, Ka3aJI: ,,flpyuplrrreJrLtre BclrtlKo e o6uio" l'I ,,,[pyx6ara e paBeucrBo'<.Vi taucrusa HeroBltre yqeHI4IIIl HocIIJII't BcI{qKo go6po3aeAHo(. Cruara vilefr e MHoloKparHo rperl{pana B -npo-H3BeAeHr,rrra Ha fllatos.

31. B ro3I,I fiacax Apnctorel no BcflKa B-epoflTHocru M a npeAB I,II cBofl ra yue6no-ntsnI'ITareJr H a pa6ota, yn p3-)KHlnBaHa B ,qBopeqa Ha MaKe[o:acKlafi BJIa,qereJl (Dulun II,6aulara Ha Anexcau4rp MareAoHcKI4.

32. Cpn. Hr,rrouaxoBa err{Ka, V' 3-33. Cpn- flolnrura, V, I, 7: ,,PaseucrBoro e ABa BhAa:

l)arleHGTBO fIO KOJII{qecTBo I,I paBeHcTBo uo gocrofiHcTBo'l-Ioq ronuuecrBeHo paBeHcrBo pas6r'lparvr rbxAecrBoro I'l

paBeHcrBoTo KaTo.KoJlnqecrBo HJII'l pa3Mep' a noA paBeH-c'r'Bo no AocTofiHc'rBo - paBeHcTBoTo KaTo ct,oTHolue-une." Cpn. fonsua erliKa, II, 11.

Cpn. fkaton, 3axouu,757 a'n, Kt,[ero ce roBopu 3a

/tna nl.rAa paBeHcrBo: (1) paneucrBo Ha M"spKara, TelJIoro'rrr,rcJroro, T.e. apr,rrMeir.iqecro paBeHcrBo w (2) reouerpu--rtccKo paBeHcrBo, Koero e I4crI'lHcKo I'I ,'cb-3AaBa braroro"ra npegiranJIflBa,,Br'pxoBHara go6po4erel"- flpegu roBa B

HT4KOMAXOBA Ert4KA - 6EaEXK[q $l!!!l].!

300 301

AP14CTOTEN

loprnfi,508 a flnaros nurue: ,feovrerpnqecKoro paBeH-crBo r{Ma toJrrMa cvra v uex4y_6oroBere, H MexAy xopa-Tatt, 3a[qoro e ,rnpucrrgara Ha-3enc".

34. Cpn. HurovraxoBa err,rKa, VIII, 2.35. Cpn. HnrouaxoBa err,rKa, VIII, 1.36. Cps. n{uoren Jlaepqnfi, VIII, 10. B Jfusuc, 2O7 c

ffraron nprrBglKga nuraropeficKara HopMa, npugo6unaxapaKTep Ha MaKcI,IMa, qe 3a rrplrflTeJrlrTe BcurrKo e o6n1o.

37. Apucrorer [oAqepraBa rrpnopr,rrera Ha o6rqureItHTepeCn B AT,pxaBaTa.

38. (Draaa H AeM - Tepr,rropuaJrHo-aAMnrverparuBHvteII4HHrIr{. Eer"r - nogpa3AeJreH}re Ha Qu"rra B rroJrnca, BbBe-treHo or Aruna or KnncreH npes BTopara noJroBnHa sa VIB.rrp.I.?

- 39. Tylc - KyJrroBa rpyna, r4sBbprxBarrla peJrurr{o3Hr,roOpeAr,r. EpaHracru - yqacTHurlu n o6rqu rbp)KecrBeHnnr,rpoBe.

40. flpo6neMbr 3a ocHoBnr,rre <[opr,ru Ha [bp)KaBHoroycrpoficrno e cpaBHlrreJrlro npocrpaHHo pa:rne4aH or ffna-roH, xofiro n flonurux (302 c) rn cBelr[a Ao MoHapxytflTa,aplrcroKparlrd.flTa r,r oJrr{rapx_trrra. A e 3axosn (693 e) ra:ronaft-yrntpgexu roft cM.flTa MoHapxuxra n [eMoKpar\wfrTa,Konro ce ycraHoBssar Hafi-nbJrHo ctorBerHo n flepcna uEla4a. flo.rru BcfiqKr{ ocraHaJru <poprurr,l ca ,,rrbcrpo cbe-gvHerr4e".' H a-MoH apx r4IT a v AeMoKp arlraara. Cpn.,[tp:ra-sara,544 c; 3axoHn, 624 a.

Tosu npo6JreM e eAHa or nrc6raprr.rre reMr.r ga Apucro-:rel. Monapxurra ({apcxara nnacr) 14Ma rrpegBra4 ,,o6u1a-Ta [or3a" (flonraruxa, III, V, 2), npe4craBJrflBa eAHa or,,npaBr,tJrHrrre" Qopurn Ha Ar,p>KaBHoro ycrpoficrno. Apu-cToTeJr p a3rpaHII q aB a qeTr4pr{ pa3HoB LI IHOCTU H a rIapCKa-Ta BJracr. (1) B Cnapra rlapcKara BJracr e ocHoBaHa rJraBHoHA SaKOHa I4 He e BbpXOBHa BJIaCT B IIT,JIHII{ CMIiC6JI HaAyMara. Tn e HaclegcrBeHa unn ns6opna. (2) I{apcxaBJracr B HeJTHHcKI,ITe Hapogn, 6asupaua Ha gaKoHa u HanpaBoTo Ha.HACJreIrBaHe n npr,rTe)KaBarqa xapaKTepa HaTtapaHlafl. (3) T.Hap. ecr.rMeHTr{r, cpetr1arqa ce y 4penunrerr'pun. 3a pa3rHKa or ,,BapBapcKa.ra uoxapxral., Tr He eHacJreAcrBeHa, a ns6o-p_na. Taxara_QopMa e nanp. yrpaBJre-srrero sa flurax or Murranena. (4) -Mouapxul or-r.nap.repo[tlno BpeMe, ocHoBaHa na ,,go6poBoJrHo c.brnacueuHa HapoAa r,r Ha npaBoro Ha HacreAqBase. Heronoro Bbp-xoBeHcTBo I,IMa OrpaHuqeIJI,t nbJrHoM0rqng, fi ce ocblrlecT-

BflBa IIo BpeMe Ha BoftHa, rlpu I',I3B6pIrrBaHe Ha xeprBonpH-HorueHI,It vt B c'bqa. B ,[penna flpuur qapcKara BJIacr[oc"eneuno orcna6na- B naft-ApeBHI'I BpeMeHa llaperepb KoB o[.sT HerrocpeAcTBeHo BbHlrrH aTa ]I BbTpe lrrH aTa rro-lnrnxa Ha Abp)KaBaTa' a BnocJleAcrBue ce 3a[a3Bar caMoIIpaBoToHa)KepTBoIIp}IHoIIIeHvflvlJIvInpaBoToHarJIaBHo-*bratgnaqu sbficxure 3aA npeAerHTe H-a crpaHara' Apu-croKp arlurra npeAcr aBJIfl B a

"np aBu JI H a" <|opu a

-u1t ^E?p-'xarno ycrpoficrno, BJIacr Ha He MHOro, Ho Ha HaI'I-AOOpI-

Te or rJIeAHa roqKa na go6pogereJlnTe rpaxAaHLI' flpu ner,,go6purt Mbx I,l lo6plltr rparKAaH]IH ca eAHo I't cstqo^:6';

"tooptt "a yn:pannxdaql{Te e clo6paeen c 6ora-

TcrBoro, BHcoKo HpaBcrBeHure KaqecrBa LI lrHTepeca Ha

H apoA a. Cnequ Q r'r v n a p asnol ralHocr H a ap]I croKpar"J::-xaia rfopr'ra npegctarnnra CnapraHcKara Ar'p)KaBa' r pe-

Tapa3HoB}tAHocTHaaplIcToKpaqlIflTaeT'Hap.IIoJII,ITHfl.B:r. floluruxa, IlI, Y,2;IY, V, 11.

41. Pagnnrara, KoflTo cl,uecrByBa B yqeHnero sa Qop-Mr{Te Ha AbpxaBHoro yctpofic:rBo' ce ocHoBaBa Ha 9aKTa'qe s florlriraxa ApucroreJl Aopa3BIlBa cxBallraHl{sra ctt,or6ensg anra cp arunteJlHo no-Mr'IMoxotroM n Hnrouaxon a

eruKa.42. ITonurutra e o6qa 3a BcI'IqKI'I BlIAoBe ynpaBJIeHlr-fl'

KoI{To ca B I,IHTepec Ha MHoslrHcrBoro (flonr'rrnra, Ill, V,2\. B nsBecreH cMI'lcbJI Tlr e Me)Kgunna-Qoprraa.MexAyg6rraoxpaqra.flTa l,t oJII'lrapxutra (flax tar'r, IV, VI, 2), ctue-ranaqa cro6ogara, 6orarcrnoto u gobpoAereJlTa npu r'rs[-cKBauero 3a yMepeHocr I'I cl6rngasaHe Bruquuero Ha

cpeAHHTe cJIoeBe sa o6ulecrBoro (f[aK TaM' IV, lX,6-1'2)'ftossrora fIIITL[.flTa ce o6osHaqaBa Karo rltMoKparllfi'

43. Tupa;uusra e,,HenpaBI'IJIna Qopvrat' na Erpxannoycrpoficrrb -

geQopt{aqfifl Ha llapcKara BJIacr' l' t 3alrrH-ran-a nnrepecl{Te Ha eA}rH eAI'tHcrBeH AbpxaBHI'IK3 lr.qe{t-TaBJIflBa ,,gecnotrauHa MoHapxur" (flonurvKa, II[' V' 5)'orprrrlaHl,Ie Ha rpaxAaHcxutb lo6pdlere ffii v ya Ao6poge-reirra'[go6rqo, sracr B I'rHTepec na cauara ce6e cu' a He B

tl3roAa Ha rIo[aHItIIHTe.44.vlva ce ilpeABI'IA ue6optt no xpe6ufi Ha apxoHTa-

6asurenc s ArHHa.45. O.n ra r ap xvtflT L e

" orKJI oHeH I{e'( or ap I'IcroKparlntr a

(flonnrnra, III, V, 3-6), npra KoflTo BJIacrra ce ynpilKHtBadr ruraao6poftua rpyna cbcroflTeJlHI'I rpilKAauu' llpu nrp-Bara pagHoougnocd Ha oJIurapxl4flra co6crsenocrra e ,YMe-

302 303

peHa r4 ce HaMr{pa B pT,rIeTe Ha MHO3T,iHCTBOTO, HO BJTaCTTace ynp-arK_H,rBa or r{sBecrH}r HeroBt,t npelcraBr4:renu.( (ffartarur, IV, y, 1, 6). flprE nropara paenoru[Hocr Ha oJrr,rrap-xvtsra co6crseHocrra e cr,cpe4ororreHa B pbuere Ha rro-MaJTKO rpaxAaHr,r, pelraBarqa poJrr [rMa roJreM]rrT tIMyrrle-crBeH rIeH3, Ha ocHoBara na xofiro e ocurypeH Aocrbrrr,TAo BJracrra. flpu rperara pa3HoBl.{AHocr Ha oJrnrapxurraco6crseHocTTa e cbcpe4oroqeHa B pbqere ua no-rvralo6-pofiHIa cbcrorreJrHH rpaxAaHr4 rr BJracrra e HacJreAcrBeHa(flax ravr, IV, V, 8). rleratprara pasHoBr,tAHocr Ha oJrr{-rapxr4rra e r.Hap. Enr.acrvrfl,,6rusxa Ao MoHapxra.ara (flaxrarr).

46. ,{euoxpaqnr e BJracrra Ha HapoAa. Heftna orJrnqtr-TerHa qepTa e paBeHcTBoTo Ha HeT,IMyUIeCTBeHHTe r{ I,rMy-ILlecTBeHI1ITe _rpaxlaHr,r no oTHorrreHne Ha yIIpa)KHrBaHeToHa BJracrra (flolurura, IV, IV, 2). tTpu Hefl Hapogbr eMHogrrHcrBo r.r B3eMa yqacrne B yrrpaBJreHneTo. Bropar:apagHoBnlHocr e oHa3H [eMoKparuvua ype46a, rpr.r Kor?ozaty6nnutr r,tMyrrrecrseHu.fl cu qene ce Jrr{uraBa or yqacrueB ynpaBJreHnero. flpu rperara pa3HoBr,t[Hocr Ha AeMoKpa-rlr,Itra.rpax4aHlrre, KoHTo ca 6escnopHo ,,TaKuBa rro pox-Aer'vre", r{Mar Aocrr,rr Ao ynpaBJreHr,rero. B sasficuNroir otrpilKAaHcKnfl, CTaTyC Ha po[r,rTeJrr{Te cbuecTByBaT v Epy-!r{ pasHoBr,rgHocrr,r Ha [eMoKparluqra (flax rar"r, IV, IV;3-7).

47. Tyr r4 B Apyrr{ cnon pa6orn ApucroteJr oqepraBaoTHOTTIeHUeTO Me)KAy [eMOKpaTr,r3Ma r4 AeCnOTrr3Ma, rro-c[erIHaJIHo Mexgy eJrnHr,rre u nepcvtitcKtr"fl HaqHH Ha )KH-Bor, crr4Jr r{ MaHTaJrrarer. Bx. Ecxr,rl, flepcure, 181 -L96:

Cr,Hynax [Be )KeHu B oAexln rHgAaBn -eAHara 6e n gopuficKu rrerrJroc, Apyrara -r nepcuficrutr- t4 npel MeHe re 3acraHaxa,rro KpbrrreH cTaH rro-qapcTBeHrr oT [HerrrHHTe)KeHn, c IHBHa KpaCOTa, CeCTptr nO KpbB.Enaga 6e oreqecrBo Ha nr,pBara,Ha BTOpaTa nT,K - BapBapcKHTe KpaHrrla.I4, xaxro Mr,r ce cropr{, Te 3aloqHaxapa3Aop, a MoflT cHH, KaTO Br,tAr TOBa,rr,r 3aAbp)Ka v ycMllpu, sanperHa rr{B KOJraTa CVt, fiA BMbKHa BpaToBeTe I,rMB xoMor. lI n Hero rptrna ropAo BTopara,gaxa[aJra nocJlyrrrHo cBofiTe noBoIu,HO nbpBaTa 3acKaqa, cMl,KHa C6pynra

c pbrle, Ta fl froHece c MoIrL l,t3TpbrHa ce,or rroBolr{Te H pa36lt tpeMa cn.(flpen. Ar. Hnqes)Orlrocno poJIflTa ua reorpaScxnr $axtop B)K. 3arcoun,

7O5 a-747 e, Kbgero flnaros or6enqgsa' qe Mopero ,,Bce-JrrBa B Ayuraratt Ha xopara JIuIIeMepI,Ie I,I ,,JrbxJI]IBV rlpl.{-BI,1^I.IKVI,,, B PE3YJITAT HA KOETO TPA)KEAH}ITE CTABAT ,'HEAO-Bepqr,rBI,I I4 rpaxge6nn" egHlt [pyrn.-

48. T.e. n-r,pxy xeHara, Aerero u po6a.49. Koraro AblrlepflTa e eAHHcrBeHara HacJIeAHI'Iqa

(enuxnep).50. B Ar,p)KaBHI{Te <}oprurra ce npoflBtBar HpaBcrre-

HO.eTI{qecKUTe oTHoIIreHut: B MoHapxntTa - oTHorrreHl',I-eTo Me)K[y 6aulata v cura, B TtrMoKpalluflTa - Me)KAy6para v, 6para, B [eMoKpaIII4tra - o'rHolrreHl4ero Me)KAynp}r.flTeJru, B TlIpaHIttTa - Me)KAy qoBeKa I,I cpeAcrBaTa 3anpon3BoacTBo.

51.. Allr'uaaa,II,243.52. Cps. fonqlula erlrKa, II, 12.53. B)K. flolurrlra, I, V, 2: ,,Bnacrra na 6aqara rro

orHorrreHr4e Ha AeIIara Moxe Aa ce cpaBHI4 c BJIacTTa Haqapr. Pogurenrr BJIacrBa Ha,q AeIIara [opaAI,I cHJIara Hanrc6osra cr4 KbM Ttx H.[opa[LI ToBa, qe e ilo-Bb3pacreH oTrgx. A raKaBa HMeHHo e llapcKara BJIacr. flopagu ronarrpeKp acHo ce e r,rspa3r4"u O vrup (Wnuaga, I, 5 4 4), uaptauait-xlr 3-enc ,,6lr;1a ia xopara u 6orosere", Karo IIap HaBCrt.tKvt."

54. Tosl,t naca)K ce usflcH.aBa no-go6pe n folqua eruKa,II, L1, KbAero qereM: ,,,{pyx6a, KoflTo e ocHoBaHa HaHepaBeucrBoro, e gpyx6a Me)KAy 6au1a vt cvlr., HaqaJIHItK llrrotrqllHeu, go6rp r.lnotu, Mtb)K ]I xeHa. I4 uso6qo raKaBagpyx6a r,rMa M.ficro HaBctKbAe, KbAero Me)KAy xopara eHaJrHqe Bucrrra Ir HI,r3IIra crerreH. Tarasa qpyx6a npenrro-Jrara [ponopqrnoHaJrHocr... C roBa ce [ocrllra nporropqn-oHaJIHO paBeHCTBo: B HflKaKBo oTHorrreHl4e JIoIIrlttT, noJly-qt,rJr rro-MaJrKo Ao6po, ce paBHflBa c rlo-Ao6pnn, xofiro enoJlyqlrJI fIoBeqe.((

55. Cpn. flonu:rnra, I, V, 1-2. B roMaKuHcTBoro Hacelreftcrsoro LIMa TpI4 eJIeMeHTa Ha BJIacrra: (1) s.rracr:r:aHa rocnoAapfl laaq, po6a, (2) uag AeIIara u (3) Hag )KeHara.,,Bnacrra Ha Mb)Ka HaA xeHara Moxe Aa ce cpaBHu .c

BJracTTa Ha rroJrI,lTlrqecKllt [eeq, a BJIacTTa Ha 6aulaTa HaAAerlara- c BJracrra Ha llapfl. flo csosra [p]Ipoga Mbxbr...

AP14CTOTEN HI/KOMAXOBA ET]4KA . 6ENEXK]4 NO KHNTA VIII

304 20 305

e no-rrpH3BaH Aa pbKOBOAI,r, OTKOJIKOTO XgHaTa...56. OrnoureHuero MexAy rocnoAapfl u po6a cborBer-

cTBa Ha OTHOrrreHr.reTo MexAy AyrrraTa r{ TrJroTo.57. MafiraTa e HecbMHeHa, H e [apr{TeJr Ha xr{Bora.

Eaqnncrroro Mo>Ke Aa ce ocrropt4 uJrn rrocraBn no[ cbM-HeHr,re. B Ogncea, I,216-218 qer'ev: ,,Mo.ara rraftra pasra-gBa cera, qe cbM cun Oguceea.

Cavr ag He sHar. VI xoit Jrr.r cbc cr{rypHocr 3Hae poAacvt?"

58. ,,Egna Kpr,B". Bx. Ecxul, Eruenngure, 650. ,,Crs-rrlr{flT KopeHtt, n:r. Enpunug,ilou, 1576.

59. B Peropnxa, I, 1 ApncroreJr npuBexAa o ro3lrrrgBoA noroBopKara: .BptcrHnK Ha BpbcrHHK ce pagna,,,,Bcexr,r ilvpu rvlaarra nogo6Hn fl. cv,,,,,3rrprr ggsp'nosHa-1a", ,fap.ra BbpBH (xntpuN) c rapra... Cpn. hlarou,(DeAnp, 240 e.

60. Cpn. flo JtvtrvtKa,I, I, 1L, Kuero e 3acrbneHo ApyrorJreAuqe. ,,flrpauuno rro rrpupola e AbpxaBara B cpanne-H'.-Ie CT'C CervreficrsoTo r,r c BceKr{ eAnH OT nac. Haln eueo6xoglluo rltJroro Aa rrpegrrrecrBa qacrure. Karo ceyHlrrqo)Kr,r )Kr,rBoTo cbrrlecTBo KaTO rIflJtO y Hero He cbrrlec-TByBaT Beqe_ HI{TO HO3e, Hr,rTO prqe.,.

6L. B:r. Hurouaxona eruxa, VIII, 3.62. Jluryprur - rroB-HHHocr no4 Qopr,rara Ha napHqHH

cpeAcrBa, HaJraraHa Ha 6oraru rpa)Kganr.r sa Arusa. T.s ceLrsnoJrsBa sa ycrpoftBaHe rrepfioA]rqecKr,t Ha rearpaJrHr,rnpeAc'TaBJr e}{r'''fl , 3 a I,I3rrlJr HeHHe Ha peJr r{ ru03 H}r npa3 H nrIHu np. B saBr,rcnMocr or roBa rx e: xdperur ({opr"rnpaHe Haxop) ; rr,rM H asuapxilfl, (opran ue r.rpas6 s a nydn ivnri urpr.r ) ;xecrlrasHc (yrorueHnr)f apxureopua (rasnpauaHe Ha noc-raHr,rqecrBo).

63. Cpn. flolnruxa, III, X, 8.

AP14CTOTEN H]4KOMAXOBA ETYIKA - EENEXK14 NO KHNTA tX

Knura D(

1. Bx. Hnxorraxosa'err.rKa, V,5.2. Bx. flax rarvr.3. Bx. Huxolraxosa err,rKa, Vm, 3.4. flpotarop - ApeBHorp. coQucr, )KnBr{Jr npes V B.rrp.H.e.

flososaBaftKu ce Ha 4diuleKT?rrara" roft nsAura Karo ocHoBHa r€3aHa cBoeTo )HeHI4e ,rqoBeKbr e MrIpKa Ha Bcr.rrlKo crtqecrlBynatqo".fhamn uAprac.loren ce orrracsr KpuTrllrecKr,r KbM Bb3ureAr,rre 14

geftHocrra N{y, npeBbpHara B cpegcrBo 3a rrpenr,rranue. B flpcrra-rop, 328 n-c flnaroH npegaBa ryMlrre Mf n Az t turc$e,, qe cbM eAnHoT Tfl( r,r qe Mora floBetre oT Apyn4Te Aa noMorHa Ha HrIKoro AacraHe 6naroponeH qoBerg qe3ac.[]DKaBaM naplfne, Kor,rTo ncKaM, ]rHeqo noBeqe - car\{r{Jil c.n}4rraTeJr Aa I,IMa ToBa MHeHI,Ie.3(

5. Bx. Xesno,4,,{enau 9lau,37[473:ffuara Aopr4 Ha np[rreJr Aa 6rAe yperreHa rBbplo,BlrHar[, Ail:Ke 3a 6par cu, c ycMrrBKa nonnxaft cBrirlereJr,rrfi xaro nnpa uory6na qoBeKa HapaBHo c HeBfipa-6. TyrApr.rcroreJr r,rManpegBuA rrbpBrrre coQucrn, xunenrr no

BpeMero Ha Corpar.3arqono no-xrcHo coQncrlrKara ce [3MeHr ]rnefoure npegcraBnTeJru KoMrrpoMerr.rpar Aocra Qnnoco<prurra3a oqenrcara na coQucruxara n:K. 3a coQncrruecru:re AoKa3areJr-crra, 11; Tonuxa" I, L1; Bropa aHaJrlrruKa, I, 6; MeraSnsrrca" III,2;YI,2.

7. Cpn. Huro\aaxosa err{K& VIII, 13.8.,{eftnocrra Ha )Hr4reJrr{re no Qruoco<}lal e B}rcoKo npecrr,r-

xHageicrocr, Koqro He Mo)Ke Aa ce HgMepBa c napvvt orHorrreHr,r-tTa Mex4/ clryrxaTerr4Te r,r yrrr4TeJrr He ca paBHonpaBHr,r u paBHo-cmftnu.

9. flpenraucrBoro, Koero ce orAaBa na 6arqatq Moxe Aa cec)GaHe KaT0 Br{coKa orIeHKa Ha qyBcTBoTo cnprMo po4,rTeJr}rT€.

10. Cpn. Hru<olraxos a elrsKa, I, 23; Il, 2.1 1. Cpn. ILnaroH, 3axowr, 775 ulZ.lIpu nnprrrecrBara rro-MJranrre orcrbfiBar Mrcro Ha no-

Bbspacrr{rfl€. KceuoQonr (Cnoueura ea Co4par, tr, 3, 16) r}rrue:,,Hr.nra ne e upnero, Koraro ce cperquar Mra,ql4qr Aa HaqpaBr,r rrbrHa Bb3pacrHvn? Hanu, aKo Mnaprr e ce,q{iur, craBa r{ B 3HaK HayBDKeHr{e npepara Ha Bb3pacrrrun natrt-rydanoro Mrrcro, a Bpa3roBop h,r1l Aana Hafi-Hanpeg,qa,rara?(6

13. Bx. Hncouaxona err,rKa, VIII,12.14. Cpn. Hlrxo*raxos a ervtKa) VItr, 1.15. Cpn, F{rurouaxora ernKa, VI[, 5.16. Bx. Hrar<olraxosa er?rKa, Vm, 4.

306 307

17. Xapaxrcprsr Ha 4pyx6ara (npnrrelcrnoro) ce onpelemOT OTHOU]EHUETO, KOETO qOBEK HMA KbM CEfr- CU U OT OTHOIIIEHI4-ero Nry Kr,M [pyrr,rre. Ho onrorueHr4ero KbM trpyrrfl€ o6yctasaxapaJ(Tepa Ha oTleJrHHfl qoBeK.

18. Tyr ApracroreJl HMa rrpeABr{I TaKr4Ba xapaKrepucTr,rKr4 HaApfx6ara (npnnre.ucrnoro) x-aro (1) orHoueniEero Ha uaftxaraKbM Aeuara u (2) orHorueHlrero ve>irgy npr,rflTeJrnTe.

19. B:n Huxolraxosa emKa, m,4.-10. Cpn. flnaron, .{np:ranara,351a--352 a.

^ 21. 3a-rcna HpaBcrBeHo KarrecrBo sx. foflffvra errrKa, II, 12:,,3a gpyx6a npr.r3HaBar pir3rroJroxeHocrra (npegpitsrroJro)KeHocr-Ta), Korrro, KaKTo r43HrelKAa, He e gpyx6a- Ktu unoro xopa Hr,reqecttf, cMe rrpegpasnoJroxeHlt, BlDKgaitxuutllz. cnyutafir<ra sa Hflxo_ro Herqo xy6ano. Ho rrrua or roBa cJreABa, qe Hr,re Beqe cMenpurrerur? flo-cropo, He. Halu aro nsrofi e 6narocsoHeH KbMr:'epcvritcxux qap.qapd oqe He o3HaqaBa, qe r{Ma 4py:r6a c uero?Uoaqe [peApagnoJro)KeHHero, KaKTo r{3ilrexAa, Mo)Ke Ia 6t,ueHaqano ua gp;rx6a. To uo:re [a craHe ap5rx6a roraBa, roraroqoBeK, cnoco6es Aa Bbprm,r [o6po, npuctegxrm KbM npeApa3no-Jro)KeHocrra )KeJraHuero [a npasu go6po Ha oH3I,r, xtv rofrro rofie npeApasnoJro)KeH. flpe4pasnoaoxes^ocrta e HpaBcrBeHo Kaqec-TBo I,r e HacoqeHo KT,M HpaBcrBeHoro Haq:Uto. Hana ge Ka3Bar, qe

lroBeK e [peApjBnoJro)KeH KbM BtrHOT.rO r,rJrr4 KbM HflKarGO ApyroHeo4rrrreBeHo 6laro n ygonorrcrBr{.flra. Ilpe4paeuono>renosr xpa-r{rrT Kr,M oHe3r4, KOr,rT1f, Ca go6pogerelHr4 rro HpaB. llpeApasnoiro-)KeHocrra e HeorAeJrrrMa o:r ppyx6ara n ce npoflBrBa B ctrrloTo,Kar(m n rs. 3arosa a npnsnarar ea 4py:r6a..,

22.B.x.- Hurovraxona erur(a, Iy'fil,2.23- B>r. lolsr'ra erlnKa,If, 13:,,Crrnacuero (e[unolwuuero)

e MHoro 6rnero go,qpyx6ara, aKo ro ce pae6upa s codcrseHu;cMr,rcbJr Ha ,q/Mara. ,{a gorrycHeM, qe HrrKofi-uva cturyrre Bb3nrel[rH [prieMa caMr4Te eJreMeFnr,r, KaKTo ra Qr,rrocoQtr Evnegoxt.n.Elr.nro4rureH Jrr,r e raKbB qoBeK c Emneg6xr,n uin*te? Bcru[rocreAl,rHoro[xlrero rrMa npelpraA Herqo lpyro. To ce npoinxna ue nyMo3peHHeTo, a B rlpar(TtlqecKl,ITe AeJra, U TO He TOraBa" KOraToeAHaKBo rra pas6npar, a Koraro, pa:6rpaincr,r rlr eAHaKBo, Aanurnpetr[oq]rTaHue Ha ero{o fi gbrrlo AeJro, 3a KoeTO p:BMlrlurrBaT.Tara uanp. aKo IFaMara Metrra.fiT 3a BJracrra, BceKl,r ga ce6e cra, roeABa Jrr,r roraBa ca epHororusx. Ho aKo a3 citM r.rcKaM Aa ylpaJK_HTIBaM BJracrra u rofi ctulo vlcKa a3 Aa BJracrBaM, To roraBa HuecMeeguHo4ltrrHu. Egrano4ruruero e Hiuruqe, KoraTo r{cKar eAHo Hcbtqo Hefqo.t'

24. IIrcax or Mrarrareua (o-n Jlec6oc) - eAI{H or ceAeMreMr,Apequ Ha,{penna frpqux, )KnBtrI upes VII-[p.nP.n.e. Bx.flnaroH, flpmarop, 3431!uoren Jlaepuufi,I, 13. Karo rocorrBapa3rr,rqHu $opruru i.ura pasnoal4,uHocrl,I Ha ,,qapcKara n"nact" (no-)Kr43HeHa CrpaTerHq, qapcKa BJIacT y H-'lKot{ BapBapcKr4 nneMeHa lInp.) Apnc'ro,r'er (flonrarun<a,.IlI, [X, 5) erarrapa crlyqas c l-[utax,KOTOTO )KHTeJMTe Ha MI,ITI,UIeHa ca ue6pall{ 3a yrIpaBI4TeJI, Horofiro lr cJIeA onpeleJleHllfl cpoK ocrauaJr Ha ruIt')KHocrta cu. 14

Apucrorer rrurrte: ,,Apyr BI,IA Ha Mouap)il'ulTa ilpH ApeBHI'ITeenr,n*r Hocr,r HMero ecuvtnerur. Ta npe,4crarnara us6opHa rl'rpa-rlnr I,r ce oTJrr,FraBa oT BapBapcKaTa MoHapxlrfl Ha ce ToB4 !I€ He ceocHoBaBa Ha 3aKoHa, a caMo c roBa' rre He e HacJlegcr:rexa E[ru car rrpr{rexaBaJlu rroxrl3HeHo, Apylu ca6nilvtus6wpauu 3a onpeAe-JreHoBpeMe nJrlr 3a ]ISITrJIHeHI,Ie HaonpeAeJIeHI'I nopbqeHuq. TaKananp. rpaxgaHl4Te Ha MI,ITr,UreHa HqKora caus6pattu 3a ecI'IMHeTfluiax ga 3auFTa crt n3ntasrqute."

25. B>r. Erpnrnrg, @uHHrufi, 588 u cl., cloxerbr Ha KoJ{To

Tpar€Arrr e 6op6ara Mextry 6parrra Ereorcn n flonunnr.- 26. F spvm- [poJIItBbi rraex4r Eeorvs n o's F,r,6en, Bolurre Ha

xofiro cMeHflT nocoKaTa Ha ,4Bu)KeHI{eTo cu HgKoJrKo nbTI'I B

AeHOHOnIr4ero. orryr r:oft craBa CI4MBoJI I,l nplrMep 3a_HenocroflH-crso. B Mereoponorura (II, 8) ApucroreJl rruilre: ,,Koraro uI,KHaq:uroro Ha,4Br,DK9Hr{eT0 Ha nHeBMara, npornrenxfttcr nogo6no Ha

Enpun cBoero HartpaBJIeHHe, npoHtIKBa HaBT,Tpe,_ I{3Jrl{rrbKbr crrnni:svra npe4aonurna [o-cnJIHo 3eMerpeceHue." Cpn. I-[naroH,(Deuos, 90 c.

27. E,nvxapM - ApeBHorp. rllcareJl-KoMeAllorpaQ, VI-VB.np.H.e. BeponrHo po,qbH n Cnpaxysa (Cguranna). Vrrpa:rnanaB:.ltutlrrpre Bbpxy arl,FlecKara KoMeAI,Ifl. 3a fkaroH roft raua rona3HaqeHne B KoMeAutra, KaKBom Or"tp- B Tparerytra-

28. PeQnercrlq Ha)fllJleMopQnsrraa. I4Aeqra ga AeftHoctra KaroOCr,tqeCTBflBaHe Ha Bb3MO)KHOCTTa

29, Cpn. Hn<or'raxosa ernKa, VIII, 8.30. .{-rperreH orroBop Ha ro3n Br,npoc ce [aBa s lorflIvla

err.rKa, If, 14: ,,B e4nn cJIlqaI{ AocrofiHl,IflT tIoBeK IIIe o6llqa noBeqeor BcutrKo c e& cu, a B Apyru - ne.,{orolroro... qe ce orKDKe 0r6nararas nonsananpuxienx cn, gocroftHnrr qoser rqero o6nqa.Ho rofi ce orpr,rqa oartr( B noJl3a Ha npl4flTeJrfl cw,rtpugo6wvqitt<unperlpacnoro sa ce6e cH. CneAosarerio, r epnr ory'aail- ce6e cu.Koraro craBa ,ryMa 3a I,I3rola, rofi o6nqa fipwlTe-rr crr rloBeqe,orKoJrKoro cn6r- cvt. Koraro ilT'K craBa A/tr,ra 3a npeKpacHoro I{ 3a6.naroro, ro rofi o6n.race6e cn no-cHJIHo,3aruoro re3ll Helrra- are ca nafi-npeKpacHu - roft nPu,{o6ma ga ce6e cu. 3saqn rofi e

HI4KOMAXOBA ETI4KA - EEflEXKI4 NO KHilTA IX

308 309

AP14CTOTEN

go6ponro6nn, a He ce6e.nlo6ug... Jlourusr soBeK nbK e ce6enrc6us.B nero Hqr\ra Hlrrqo, KoeTo Moxe Aa e npeAuer sa o6uq, HflMa HHITIonpercpacuo."

3 1. Cpr. forxua euaxa,Il, 73:,,Ce6elro6uBl,Itr qoBeK BbpIulIncr.ruxo sapagu ce6e cv,saqlrrpvAo6pre I,I3roA:L 3naqu tofi e JlorlqoBeK,3arrroro Bbprrrfi Bcldtno ga ce6e cn. A Aocrofinra-rr qoBeK Hee raK:bB. Tofi ra saiona e qo6pogereJleH, salrlolo pa6o.rn 3a rp'yrlnflu cJre[oBareJlno ne e ce6enrc6ns. O6aqe sc[qKr,I ce crpeMrlT KbM6rara u ca y6eAeHllt, qe LIMeHHo Ha rfl( ca nM HJDKHII noBeqe 6naraTar'r, rcgeto btati gyta ga 6orancrso r,r nldcr, ToBa e oco6enooqeBlrAr{o. locrofuruxt qoBeK ce orKaSBa or rD( B rIoJI3a Ha

lpynrfl, Ho He 3rurloro He My ilpl4ruqa Aa n4 uMa B I{3JIllIrrbK, asairloro rofi nnx4a, qe ApynIflT no-go6pe ue ce Bb3rIoJI3Ba orTtfx.*

32. Cps. HuxoMaxosa eruKa, VIll,2.33. Bx-HraxoMixoBa enaxa, IX 4.34. Cpn. Huxovraxosa erl{Ka, VIII, 5.35. Cpn. florxrr.ma,III, ry, 1.

. 36. Cpn. [yMHTe saAxan mWrutya,IX,410415:Maftra ura, cpe6rpnoHora 6orunq Terragq pa3Ka3Ba,qe orpelura c-r46ara [BoflKa KoHtMHa 3a MeHe:aKo ocraua cera sa rpoflHcKr,rt rpaA Aa cn 6un;HflMa AoMa Aa ce BbpHa, Ho cJIaBa 6escrrtprHa ure IIMaM;aKo ce BbpHa BKbIIIU, B MoflTa MI,IJIa pO&IHa,HflMa a3 CIaBA Aa UMaM' HO ItJIbr )KnBOT IIIe )KuBet.-.

i,E7i ApracrvreJl orr{oBo ce Bpbrrla Kt,M TeMara 3a rllacrllero,pasrnegaia orqacrl,I B IT[,pBa KHIara Ha rpaKrara. Ktvr Het ceHacoqBaT rro-HaTaTbK rorflMa qacT o(I pa3cbxleHlrflTa My.

38. flprarrel.flT Karo ApyN, BTopo ,,43"- Cnopeg Apncrotenr,IcTr,rHcKoTo npnq'fercTBo npeAcTaBJItBa ToBa, tle B pa3IuqHHrena 6nryea elHa lr cbrqa AyruiL

39. Bx. Enprarnag, Opec'r,607.40. Mncr4 ronro [pl4TexaBa KarII{TzurHo 3HaqeHne B rroJII,ITl,I-

qecKa'ra QnnocoQna Ha asropa- Cpn. flonrrrt&a,I,I,9.' 41. T.b. qe Ir1acrmsutr qoBeK ]InMa llyxga or lprasrerl,I. Cps.

Haqaroro Ha cbrrlara I4a.Fa.42. Bx. HuroNtaxos a erut<4 l, 7 .

43. Bx. Fluxouaxona ern<a" I, 8.44. Teornun crr Merapa-ApeBHorp. noer, VI n.np.n.e. flpn-

HyAeH Aa HanycHe po+rus cu rpag, rofi xr,rsee y Ctaluttur, ulpyraAe. Ha npexlonHa Bb3pac'r ce Bpblrla n Merapq. Anrop HaeJrerlru, rurraKTuqecKu noeMr. B gnanora Mesos (95 o*96 a)flnamn npuBe)KAa crI,D(oBe or Hero, ornacl{Iqu ce Ao onpeAeJIeHH-

aTa Ha flo6potrereJll,rTe ]r Bb3MO)KHOCTTa 3aTnaIOTO I(yJITIIBI{paHe

" ruwa"ane (,,sr rroqreHn xopa rrle ce Hayqlrur Ha rlotrr€Hll

nC-"'..) ranra O6parHOTO - H'B'3MOXHOCTTa Aa bb[aT nPI,I,.Oos-

it""iirfo* o6rnienuero I'r BbsrrldraHuero ('nurora He Iqe Harlpa-

,,raur rouruq ao6lP uorer").45. Cps. Hnx6r'ra:<osa eruKa' I, 8; III, 4'a6. Cix. MetaQusuxa,IX,8-9' - -47,Bk.HltxoNa-axosa tinma" >q 1-5, Kbgero o6a're ctas,a 4rtura

,r**t"o aa vAoBoJICTBuero' a He 3a crpaAaHl{ero' Mo:re 6u rogu

$'ar6ce o6ncisua c tosa, ueApucrorel I'IMarrpeABll[ He roJIKoB-a

66""or""ner"ara, orpaHl'rqngarr(n yAoBoJlcrtsI4ero u lrr'acruero'

xonxoro .|axtopure d ycnonurra, rorro 6naroflp]rfiTcrBar rnclo-TO U3mDiKtraHe n pe:Ml',r3HpaHe-

49. Bx. Xegraog,Iena H wu,7l5'49. Cpn' flonnruxq VII, fV, 5-7: ,,Onumr roKa3Ba' qe e

TpyAHo, Aa He KDKeM HeBb3Mo)KHo' Ea "" {TT^Y-: "-1o-gPisiiconr gtpxaBa, Kotrro I{Ma rBbpge MHoro HaceJreHrre"' }Jcvttrt<tt

oHe3LI AbplKaBIl, KoI{To uuat nperpacHo lbpxaB"o y"ry9llP-?'ne gonycicat [peKoMepHo yaeluvarame Ha cBoero HaceJleHue'

Tosae-RcHouoalorlaqecxgroclo6pa:reHue:HaJI}ISaKoHbTer""*"r p"g; 6;raropa:yrnrl'rero e HtKaKr'n go6lp peA' a nPeKor\t€!-

Ho roJrffMoro xonuqeciso He rbpnl{ pela"' O6uruoseHo IPeKpa-cHoTo ce BbrrJrbrrlana s roruqecrBoTo In BeJII{qHHaTa flopaguToBa uoHiBI,I AbpxaBa"B xorroca o6eAsI{eHI{ B eAHoBei]:d-q]{ri11a

I'I OMAHUqEHOTO TIIICJIO OT HACEJICHUE' E HA B;CflKN IIEHA HAN-

np"tipu""uta. 3a pasuepa Ha Ar,pxaBara" cblrlecrByBa oflpeleJle-

ri *"p**.. Atpxana, xbrro uua usoro MaJrKo HaceJIeHI'Ie' He e B

cl,cTosHlte Aa ce carvloyflpaBJrflBtL ,fllpxaua, KoqTo I4Ma rrpeKo-

MepHo MHoro HaceleHiag e la'awc. YIr,a' caMo)mpaBJuBarqa c?]1o

orr{olreHue Ha Hacblr${uTe norrpe6Hocrt'I' HO Tfl e no-cKopo rure-

r"r"u oO"r*tocr, oTKoJIKOTo glpxarna, nonexe fi-e rpymro [aI{MaHrKaKBo npaBHJIHo AbpxaBHo ycrpoficrno"' Orrym cilelpa' 1:Irp*oata tpt6sa ra mularaKoBa KoJlnqecrro HaceJreHI'Ie' Koero

6u^6ranO carrdsagoronrniuqo ce ga llocTuraneto na 6na)KeH xIIBoT

Ha @HoBaTa Ha npilHrlr{ru{rc Ha frojll{Tuqecxcrro o6u5lBatre.t'

50. Cpr. Hr'rxor.aaxona erura,Vllf, 5'5i: i6eet;flnpntofi,Axm n flarporcr, Opecr n fluaa[ n [p'5i. Arropcrn&o e treuasecrHo' flolo6rn MI'IcIJI - Aa He

IIpaBuM ryynrre sb) IacTHI{ Ha HaIIIme "pg*ln " """-o"l:j

nlpasena lr'on lpyru-aHr?IqHu aBTopI{' Cpn' CoQotclr' bAun qap'

to62-1063.53. Cnu< or TeoI.Hu[, cMI'IcbJIbr Ha xofito e [pela'qeH B HIaBa

9 na crlrlata Knlara

'ad 311

. KH'ITA X

1. ApucroreJr npo[T,JDKaBa pa3rJre)KgaHero Ha reMara 3aygoBoJrcrBxero, noAera n xu. VlI, ll-14.

2. Tosu Bb3r.lreg e aaftrproruBbr Ha paqrz.Kanln:afl xeAoHlr-srrra..p eAqg cr,rHTerr{qHa rpoprraa e upegaAeH or .[uoreH Jlaep-quft (Bx.II,87).

3. Apracrun, Engoxc r,r gp.4. O6urnoeeHo ryK urvrar npe,qBug yqeur,rKa na flnaron

Cnencrn. Ho crrqecrByBa lr npoinnononbxno cBr,rAereJrcrBo,cilopeg Koero Cnesclrir ea pasrrara or cBoq frlrreJr BucoKorIeHH y,q,oBoJrcrBHero. B rosl,r cr\rHcr,Jr e ilpr{BeAeHoro cBuAereJI-crBo Ha .{uoreH Jlaepuufi (IV, 1): ,,Cnencun ce npnAtp)KaJrTBT,pAO Kr,M CXBarrIaHnsrTA na fllaton, Ho

'rMaJr apyr npan. Toft

6ran cxnoneH KbM rHrB lr xa4eH 3a ygoBoJrcrn'ur. -Kaenar,

HarrplrMep, qe flopalri rnss roft BeAHb)K xBT,pJrr,{Jr cBoero r{y-qenrle B KJraAeHerI u sapa4u y,qoBoJrcrBnrr nbryBaJr n Mare4o-P'LIfl.,,

5. Msesnero Ha Eegoxc e or6erqgaHo orqe B caMoroHAIIIUIO HA'IPAKTATA (I, 1).

6. Apryr'reurarlr,rrra xa nogo6uo cranoBlrrqe ce 6asupa uanpocrrlTe )Kr.{reficru Qaxrn H Ha r.Hap. KoJreKTr{BHo cb3HaHrre-apqrMeHTaqr4rr, Korro cnopeA Apucroren rrflMa crporo r€ope:Tr,rlrecKH xapaKTep.

7. B rosx cMrrcbrr.{uoren Jlaepqnfi (VIII, 86-91) cBr4AereJr-crBa, qe En4oxc ce 3aBbpHar c ronqva qecr u noqlrr B ,,oreqe-crBoTo cr,r" (Kxug) ri qe HeroBara cJraBa ce ,,pasrrpocrpaHr.rJraIIO qeJIWI 9JIIIIHCKI{ CB.flTtt.

8. Beponrno Apucroren ce no3oBaBa Ha AnaJrora Ha IIna-ron (pnre6,20 e--22 e;60 a-61 a.

9. Tosa,Hregr,rqe na Engorc ce pa3rJrexAa rro-Harrpeg BrpaKTara (VII, 13).

10. Cpr. fharbu, @ure6, 27 e-28 a,.

1.1. OqesulHo ApNcroreJr Br,rsr4pa MHeHr.rero Ha nr,rrarope-erla AJTKMeoH 3a 3[paBeTO KaTO XapMOH]ffi Ha pa3rurrH]t c.bcTo-flHHfl ll.a. rroBerrrKoro rruo (Me.raQuenxa, l,5r.W r 3a gyruara(I, 4) ce rpnBe)KAa nnraropeficrbro cxnarqaHe sa nyuiara raTflJIOTO KaTO XapMOHWI, Bb3HttKBaIIIa OT ,,CMeCBaH9TO Ha rIpO:TlrBorroJroxHocilr('. Cpn. flnaron, @nne6 (25 e), KbAero ceroBopr,r 3a cTeneHr{ n pa3rr,rqHr,r cbcToflIdvrs, upr4cbrrlH Ha SApa-BETO }I VtrOBOJICTBHETO-

L2. Cps. Aprc'rorer, @usnxa, III, 1..

13. Cpn. Hnxolraxosa erlrKa, VII, 13.14. Cpn- Es4eNrosa eruKa, I,5; ilI, 1.

APYICTOTEfl

15. Cpn. Huxorvraxos a ervtKa, ){'r.4.16. Klaxro ilocoqBa Apncroten (Huxorraxona.erura, VIII,

l) taxona lIgcJIeABaHe ,ror rrpI,IHIII,t[a, HarraJloro.( SaroqBa orPir3rJrexlaHeTo Ha ,,BlHIrrHaTa rlpHpoAa" Ha rrbpBuqHuTe Aa-/lcHocru Ha qoBerrlKara rrpllpola.

17. Cps. MeraQueuxa, IX, 6.18. Bx. (DHsHxa, VI-Vil.19. Busupa ce cxBaIIIaHero Ha nl4Taropefiqure 3a qucJlara

xa'ro o6u-1 $opvaneH It peaJreH IpI'IHIII{I- EAranurlata unraMoHaAara e'a6co.nrorlroro egnHc'rsb Ia rb)K,qecrBo H o6Irlatacl,rqHocT Ha rlucJloro l.lgo6nlo. B MeraSusnxa (I, 8) n gpyraaeApucrorel cpaBHI,ITeJIHo no.qpo6Ho aHaJIH3Hpa Bb3rJIeAa Harru'raropeftqute, xoilto cflope[ Heto He obtcHflBa 3aAoBoJrI'ITeJI-uo npo6neua 3a ABTKeHI{ero, H3MeHeH}Iero LI ApyrH Bt,rrpocllHA HAVqHOTO TIO3HAHUE

26. Cpu. Apncroren, 3a 4yurara,II, 12; III, 3, 7-8.21. ItIv,a ce npeIBI,IA rlponbJuKl4TerHocrra Ha rearp.urHl{Te

c[eKTaKJrH n .[perua ftpuur.22. Cpu- MeraQnsnxa,I, 1..

23.Tesu u:pasir cbcraBJrflBar QparrvreHr *9 no usAaHuerona X.,{urc: ,,EgHtt ca HacJla,qure Ha Korrf' Apyru Ha K)nlero''r'perr,r Ha qoBeKa. IzI xaxro xasna XepaKJII'IT' Marapero npeAno-.l-lara cnarrrara npeA SJlaroro. 3auo.ro 3a Marapero e [o-npnur-Ha cJlaMara, oTKoJIKOTO 3JIarOTO."

24. Cpn. HraroNaaxoea erllKa, I,2;III,5.25. Cpv. MetaQraenra, XI, 6; Huxor"laxosa eruKa' II\,4-26. Apucroren ce HacoqBa KT,M I,I3Be)K,qaHe Ha o6rqure

xaparrepr,rcrr.rKH Ha lqacTllero It cJreAoBaTeJIHO K',bM eAHO no-odrqo oirpegeJreHl,Ie 3a orAeJlHlrre eJreM€HTI4, ga Koero rofinoBopil B nbpBa KHHra Ha TpaKTaTa cu.

tl. Cp".'H"*or"*o"a eiuxa, I,5.28. Bx. Hraror"laxos a eruxa, I, 7.29. BrnpocHoro cxBalrlaHe e rlorBbpleHo B elHo nlrcMo Ha

Apracroren 4o Arexcan4op MaxegoncKl't:,,MHoro Mb,upu xopaca AoKa3:ur?r, qe Aa ce BbpIxH 4o6po, 3HaqI',I Aa ce npl4oblllaearroBeKbr KbM yqacrra na 60roaere. 3auloro xl'rBorbr Ha xopa-'l'a ce Kperrn Hd rosa Aa ce orroBapt Ha go6poro c go6po-.. Ero3iuqo e Ao6pe r4 crrpaBeAJIHBo Aa ce cb)KilJttBar xopara I'I [a cer roMrurBar 3a'BclltIKI,I He3ac.[y-x9H]r Herllacrllfl . tlalrv c'bcTpaaa'HlreTo e cBI,IIeTeJIGTBO 3a yCMI,IpeHa 4yUra,'a )KecToKocTTa r 3aHeBb3rruraua. Haru e 6eso6pasno n xecroKo Aa ce npesfiparrorraAHiurara B HeBoJIt go6pogeten. IlopaAn roBa a3 cr,M c6r-JraceH c Harrrlrt rrplr-arer TeoQpacr, xofiro Ka3Ba' qe oKaSBaHe-'ro Ha MHJrocr Hr{Kora He e o6per'reneHo or pa3KiLfHue... cTapafi

HI4KOMAXOBA ETI/KA . 6ENEXK]/ NO KHNTA X

31,2 3t3

ce [o-cKopo KbM go6pn Aeila, u no-6asHo KbM rH.flB. 3auloronbpBoTo AeflIJve e qapcTBeHo I,I MUJTOCTHBO, a BTOpOTO -orBpaTHTeJrHo r,r e npncbrqo Ha BapBapnre. Taxa qe, ilpaBr{oHoBa, Koero cryT?1x 3a npaBHJrHo, 6es ga upeue6pelBarrrnoJIe3HIlTe M HeHI,Ir."

30. B:r. Hnxoruraxosa err.rKa, 1,2;III,5.31. AHaxapcvrc - cKr.rrcKlr BJraAereJr, cr,BpeMeHHlIK Ha

Coron. Cpn. Xepogor, fV,7; ,[raoren Jlaepunft, I, 101-105-32.Illacruero He e rplrcbrrlo na po6a, AoKoJrr(oro e qyxA Ha

e gefic:rnue na go6pogereJrra B cbBbprrreHnrr xr.rBor. VI r,nl.r.axlacrne 6eg sacra:r.qeHr4e (foravra drnxa, II,7). Pae6upa ce,rHe ca eAHo r,r cbrrlo Herqo rqacTJrr,rBr4flT H AobpoAeTeJrHnrTxlrBoT. 3auloro He e gaAbJr)KlrreJrno [a ca rbxAecrBenr,I HaTOBa OCHOBaHr.re, qe H ABaTa Xr,rBOTa Ca 3a ilpeAnoqr{TaHe IIpeAB.cr{qKo ocraHa-[o. E4rauuxr rpa6ra Aa e uoArrr,IHen na 4pyr.urt'(Tonuxa, VII, 1). Ilfactlaero c-e o6yclaux or pasyMa u Aeiinocr-Ta, Korrro e B cbrJtacr{e c rro(. f[opagu roBa HHAr{BvrA'br vt

AbpxaBaTa He ca B cbcTorrHue Ia r{3BlprlaT Herrlo npeKpacHo,4l{g c? rfimqHr.{ m 4o6po4erer u pasyM. Bx. florprruKa, VlI,VIII, 2. flo elun HarrbJrHo Kareropr4rren Haq]rH Tagu MrrcbJr HaQnnocoQa e rr3Ka3aHa n fonxua erraxa, I, 4: ,,EnaroAapeHr4e Ha4o6pogerelra Ha-Ayruara Hne Mo)KeM Aa xr.rBeeM go6pe. AAOObp *r,rBoT r,r OJraro[oJryque lrue HapHIraMe rrlacTJil,rBr,rffT)KHBOT. laKa qe UIaCTJTHBnflT XI{BOT r4 ITIaCTUeTO Ce CbCTOffT BToBa Aa ce )KHBee 4o6pe, a go6pe Aa ce xnBee - 3HaqH Aa ce)KHBee qo6po4eTenHo. B rosa -ce ctcron qeJrra, rqacrnefo uBl,rclrero 6laro."

34. Cpn. MeraQueura, Xff, 7, rrgero xaro naft-sucIrrarpoprvra Ha xnBora ce o[pe[eJrn ,,gefinocrra Ha yvla*.

35. Brs QnnocoQuxria ua ApncroreJr repvruHtr ,,6oxecr-seH" e MHoroacneKTeu ll pa3Jr]rqHo cMr4cJroBo HaToBapeHoonpegeJrenr,re. Toft Hfl Ma reoJroruqecKr.r, 6orocroscxu xapar-Tep, a onpeAeJrr ne6ecnara npnpola, He6ecnure reJra, qoBerrr-KI4fl I{HTeJIeKT, qUCTO CbSeprlaTeJrHr.rfl )Kr,rBOT, CBpbXqOBeIIIKaTAgo6pogerer n np. Cpn. folsrura enrxa, II,5.

36. Cpr. HNxovraxosa err{Ka, f, 5, xtgero ce onpeAeJrqr rpr{ocHoB Hr{ Haqr,rHa Ha xrror: ( 1 ) cKorcKH, (2) rpy6or.aarepr,ran-eur.r (3) cmeprlareJreH.

37. ApucroreJr Bb3BeJrvqaBL saHr{MaHr,rflra c QulocoQns.3a sero r'e ca nrgvoxno Haft-sucuara H npecTu:xira geftHbcr,

c'r)qeraBarlla orBJletteHure a6crpaKTHoJlorfiqecKu KoHcrpyK-r I r,r'r n oflpeAe ileu:ae.cBbpxoBHl'ITe nacn axAeIruq. Or HpaBcrBe-ilo-errqecxa u ecTeTvlqecKa nIeAHa ToqKa 3aHItMaHnflTa cr lr r.rn ocoQnr e BT'pxoBHoro 6n aro, s afi -uorurqranr I43ToEIHIIK rtM(v[I,IB na rraOpa.rIxO yAOBJIeTBopeHI{e H HacJIa)KAeHve, ,V }{A't'lrncKpacHoro nocrl4lKeHue Ha qoBelrrKut gyx. B MetaQnsnxa(XII,'7) rofi nuue, r{e Br,pxoBHure n nafi-qeHHla ilpeAMerl'I Ha

'ilraHr4ero lr )KeJlaHuero ca ttxEecrBeHI'I- 3arqoro ilpeAMerbrilil )KeJraHI,Iero e oHoBa, KoeTo e npeKpacHo' a Blcllrutr npeA-MO't. Ha XeJIaHI,Iero e I{MeHHO TOBa' KOeTO Ha AeJIo e rrpeKpacHo'

38. Apncro:reJr HSpilsflBa cBoure ilpeArlotll4TaHnfl KbM flcHou rarerofiuuuo Qopuyn npaHltTe oIpeAeJIeHI'{s' KoIlTo ilpelJl a-

raT TBl,plo ycTaHoBeHlI vtctt4Hl,i. orryx I'I HeroB[tT cTpeMe)Krrrra no-o6[iu o6o6qenng u cltcreMar]IqHocr - Helqo' KoerolroKa3Ba yHI{BepciIJIHocTTa Ha HeroBoTo Ha)rqHo AeJIo.

39. Au:roprarerbr Ha rlunocorla4e ocnoBaBa Ha HeroBarauHTeJreKryruua I,I HayqHi carraouocrar:bqHocr' Hopuata na'f.HaD. aBTapKI4tr It3I,tCKBa He3aBI'ICHMOCT npu pe[raBaHe-To Ha

rfrmbcoQcrure npo6leun, co6craex norJIeA gbpxy trx' ti cly-.ina anraprusra ognaqaBa HaJIIlqI{ero Ha co6crseHa QIa'noco-6u,s.' 40. Cpn. MeraQllsuKa, Ir2. ,,Ouenu,qHo e' qe 3HaHI{e 3ano-rrHzlJrH ga rlpcxr sapquu pas6npaneto' a He noparu'I H'flKaKBa

lroJr3a... IzI xarr:o cno6ogex qoBeK HI'Ie HapnqaMe ro3n' KoHTo)r(uBee 3apagl4 cauufl ce6e cra, a He 3a,4pyr' ToqHo raKa I'I Ta3*1

HayKa (QunocoQurta) e eAIiIHcrBeHo coo6op,Ha, 3allroro cbure-c'rBvBa 3apaAH caMara cebe cH."

41. Cso6onHoro BpeMe e seo6xoguMo 3a H3yr{aBaHero Ha

HayKHTe I{ 3a ycr,Bbpru'enc'rsalre'ro n 4o6pogereJlllTe. flpu neroca HiuII4IIe 3eMHil rpruKH U HeI'ISBeCTHOCTI4' a 3aHI{MaHUe cbc3HaqI{MH Aefisocrn n [ocrl,IraHe Ha BeJl]IKI'l qeJII'I'-Ha HPaBcrBe-Hro "

npe*pacHu Aeftcrsl,tr,3aHHMaHue c Qnloco<[ua. BIloqu-'r'uxa, V[II, [I, 5 Apuc'rorel or6eln3Ba no ro3H noBoA:

',(jBobo-JlHoro BpeMe, oqeBI,tAHo, BKJIIoqBa s ce6e cH u yAoBoJIcrBne,vtrrlacr:ue, n 6laxesctso. II BcI'IqKo roBa ce ilala-.. Ha xopara'Kouro ralrar cso6oAHo BpeMe... 3p yrtaeuuero [a ce noJI3Bacso6olHo BpeMe ca neo6*oguvrra o6yv,eHl'Ie I4 Bb3rluraHlte-"

42. Cps. MeraQrasu x a, l, 2'.,-Hafi -6oxecrBeHara HayKa e I'IHafi-rlenuua. A tarasa HayKa e QulocoQnxra - I{ TO B ABotKcMr,rcbJl. 3arqoro 6oxecrn'exa e oHa3I'I or Hay,Kure, roRro Eor6u nprrexaBail, u roqHo tara 6oxecrnesa.6u 6una uayrcara,Koqro ce.gaHlIMaBa c 6oxecrseuure Herrla-"

43. ApucroreJl HMa npetrBHA 6esculptrrn.R xapaKTep Ha

axrnnHur yu (uHrelexr). B 3a.qyluara (IIi' 5) rofi nnure: ,,Or

AP14CTOTEN H]/KOMAXOBA ETI/KA - 6EnEXKt4 nO KHrrA X

314 315

eAHa cTpaHa CbrrIecTByBa TaK:bB yM, KOfiTO MOXe [a cTaHe::1_119, g ot tpyra crpaHa -;--yM, rofiro Mo)Ke Ea rpor.r3Be)KAaBcHrrKo (B [o3HaHner.o)... W rosu HMeHHo yvr cirqec,rayaaoTAeJTHO u He r.rsnr,rrBa HI{KaKBO Aeticrnue, He e cMeceH c nrarqo,6ugeilrcn ro cBorra crrqHocr gerinocr. A gefi"r"u.rloro

""";""e no-Br,rcure or oHoBa ,Koero H3nr{TBa nr,sgeficrnrae (aeficr_nr,re)... Wrosu yM He,e TaKbB, qe noHrKotaMucJwt, a rroHrrKoraHe Mr,rcJrn. W ca:l.u'o 6ugefixw orAeJr.eH, roft e rona, xoero e, ucaMo roBa e 6e:cvrr,ptHo n BeqHo.,.

IIo roeu nono4 cpn- ffnaron, xofiro e Travefi, 176 s or6ens_:?1, ue 6ugeilxu pa3yMeH r,t crpaBe,4rraB, qoBeK [oApirxaBa HacBeTa Ha OoroBere, craBa Ao I{3BecrHa crelen crnpnuacreH cr,ccsera Ha60roBere, craBaAo U3BeCTHa CTetIeH CbrlpltrracreH c1'ccBeTa Ha r,rcrlrHcKltre, BelrHr,rre go6pogerenra. A s Tnrvrefi, g9 erofi noguepraBa, qe,qa ce xr,rBee cto6paeno pa3cbAT,Ka o3Haqa_Ba qoBeK.qa pbKoBoAu ce6e cu.

44. Bx. Huxolraxoe a eruxa, X,6.45. ApracroreJr B r,rsr,rpa eruqecKnTe go6po4eren n, ocHoB a_

11_": Ipl"9 ]r1p-aKrepa, crpacrnre_H a vr^*tnvrBvtta u o6ycranr_rrlrr T.Hap. braropa3yMrre, T.e. go6pogerelTa, Ko.flTO-e KaTOnpaKTr,rqecKo npnJroxeHue vrvr ycBorBaHe Ha 3HaHlreTo-

46.-flpu qrnoro cl,t yBaxeHu6 Ha vruronotwtra,Karo HaqHHHa pas6npane u ycroxniue Ha cBera, :ry< Apracroren ruacrinqra_pa cBoeTo cxBaluaHe oT HaLIBHI4Te I{ nO Ctuecrso aTDoIIOMOD-Qravnn npegcraBH sa 6o)KecrseHara

"p"p"li-rr;:;; ;JftnpornBonocraua QunocoQcxara xoHqenfuui ga 6e)KecrseHaranpfipo,qa Karo KocMurrecKa M.bgpocr. Cps. MeraQrasux a,XIl,7.

47 . CpasunsairKu ru,Apucioren, e'crec,rnenb, nogq'epr;sarrpeAnMcrBara na Qnlocoifnxra ilpeq MHToJronEsra. 3a' seroMI'IToJIorllfiTa HMa I{{oBa 3HaqeHI'Ie' qe [pe[craBJrtBa cllellu-Qraven HaqHH e a pas6npane Ha csera. n Mefr$us iii, t, )-i"nrrHrrre: ,'l'o-3u , xofiro HeAoyMrrBa H ceyllvF.nrflad, crraara 6e6e cu3a 3Haerq. 3a:rora u oH3[, xofiro o6uia MrrroBere, e B HflKaKBacTe[eH (crurracrn) Qnnoco<[, 3arrloro MHTbr ce cbslaBa HaocHoBara Ha yn[BJIeHr,Iero...

48. EHlprrurno_H - KpacnB oBqap, s xoftTo ce srro6sa 6oru-

lrrra Ha JryHara CeneHa. T.s uglaorr,rra 3eBc Aa 3arrasr,r Kpacora-Ta My BbB BeqeH c6H.

49) Apr,rcroTeJr Blt3r,rpa oTroBopa,..Kofir:o ConoH [iur HaBbnpoca !a Kpgs lanra n-e e r,upr.Ir nafi_rqac:ranBnfl qoBeK HaseMttra. Lpn. Xepo4or, I, 30: ,,.[a, qaplo, BVIff _ Te.noc nlly"t HerpHflTHo HsHeHaAaH o.r Alnirare rvry, Kpee... roru_Tar:,,llo KaKBo roqHo c.bn.Lltr, qe Ti:noc e n-afi_rqac.r'rvrB'flTqoBeK?tt CoaoH orntpnal: ,,flo rora, {o... Tenoc

-6;; ;;

6raroAencrBarrl rpaA u I,rMiuI npeKpacHl,I cI,IHoBe, qe BHMJI KaKHa rqx ce poAHJrr{ [eqa 4 HI,ITo eAHo He yMpflJIo H qe,... cJIe,{,KaToxlrBortT rrpeMprHaJr n 6laronoryqne cnopeA Haluldre p as6upa-Hvtfl, KpAflT vry 6nn Hafi-6recrqu: B eAHo cpaJKeHlae Ha arLIH.fl-HHTe cpeqy cbceAr{Te nvr s EreggtrHa Teloc ce npHTeKT'JI Harroprou, xnLprra.n ce r 6oR, u, o6pr,rqaftKl,I Henpl{flTe.fls s Snrc-'rro, 3aruHa.n no Haft-craBeH HaqHH. ArHH.aH[rTe lvry ycTpoI,lJIHnorpe6euue Ha AbpxaBHrr pa3HocKl,l Ha.cblrloro Mflcro, KbAeTonaAHar y6ur, n r.,ry orgarn roJIeMI,I rloqecrl,I.r'

50. ApzcroreJr HMa [peABrrA MHeHI{ero H noBeleHuero HaAHaxcarop, qecro KoHTpacrrlpalqn c re3n Ha ocraHiuII,ITe xopa.fl rasu nprsra no-rrcuo cnugereJrcrBa.[uoren Jlaepryrfi, II, 6-(5: Ana*carop e He caMo 3Haren u 6orat, Ho u BeJIlIKo,qy[reH,orcTbnBaftKr,I HacJreAcrBoro cu Ha poAHnHI4Te cu; )mpeKBaH e,qe He ce rprnrlr ga ce6e cH H rrpeHe6perna [bp)KaBnlrre AeJra;cMf,Ttur rleJrr,rfl cBrr 3a cBo.fl poAr,rHa r{ np.

51. Tyx e siurerHiuro o6rqoro r.I3,I,IcKBaHe, Koero Apucrore.ncJreABa B cBor,rre HafrHr,r u Qr.rnocoQcKlt 3aHHMaHua-cT o6pa-3flBaHe c Qaxmre H HopMr,rre Ha )KHBora.

52. Tosa e Qr,rnocoQcKoro rJreAlrrqe, Bbsnpr,tero or rroqrr{BcrrrKr ApeBHorpbIIKlr rlranoco<|u. flpegu ApucroreJl To e tcHord3paseHo or fl.naro, KofiTo n Tuuefi, 89 e--90 e rrurrre: ,,KaKToHe BeAHb>K CMe Ka3BaJrlr, B HaC O6nrana TpLr pa3JII,IqHId EyTrwr,Bc.flKa elHaor Konro r,rMa co6crseHr.r rnuxenr.rr...II{o ce orHact[o Haft-saxHr{fl Br,r[ ,[yllla, To rfl rpa6na Aa ce MncJI]r_ Karo[eMoH, AaAeH H]r or Eilra... Axo qoser ce orAaBa c nro6oe Ha

YTICHI'ETO, CTPEMH CE KbM ITCTI,IHCKI,I PA3YMHOTO H YNPtI)KH'BAcborBerHara croco6nocT Ha AyrlraTa npefi r\{yrqecTBeHo ngeABCI,ItIKI{ OCTAHUUIII, TOI,I, AOKOCBALLKLI CE AO I'CTHHATA, NPfi.4OOH-na 6escurprue u 6oxecTBesu MlrcJrH, a 3HaqH o6na4ara 6esc-MbpTr.re B TaKaBa rrbJrHoTa, B KaKBaTo Mo)Ke Aa ro BMecTItqoBeurKara rrpupoAa. A gororxoro rrt,K rofi nocroxHHo orrure-rrga n ce6e cr,r 6oxecrreHoro Hatluuto u no neo6xogvrMvtfl,Y^aqvrrlrrpocJraBrr cbnbrcrBarqnr ro AeMoH, cau rofi ne Mo)Ke a ne 6rgeBr,B CTerreH 6naxes... CrsepqanaqoTo cTaBa, KaKTo I,.{gvtcKBaHeroBara rrbpBoHaqaJrH a rr,pfipoga, rroAo6Ho Ha cbseprlaeMo-ro,H no TaKbB HaqHH TIpHAO0IIBa OH3'I HaH-BHCIII )KHBOT, KOHTO6ororere ca Hr,r [pegJroxeJrr,r Karo rleJr Ha cefarrrHlrte u 6t 4eug,rBpeMeHa.(

53. Teornug, Cenrenqrau, 434.54. Cpn. flnaron, xofiro n Meuou, 7O uutne:.,,Mo:reru rn ga

Mn Kaxerrr, Coxpare, ganu go6pogereJlra_ce nocrfira c o6yre-suero? Vlnw ce [ocrura c yrpa)KHeHus? l/Ltm Huro c yrpiDKHe-Hr4fl, Hr,rro c o6yvenue, a e AaAeHa Ha xopara no npr4poAa r4JrI4 rro

HMKOMAXOBA ETI/KA - EEIIEXK]/ NO KHITA X

317

HrKaKbB Apyr HarruH?(ApucroreJr r,r3pirrBa y6ex,uenueTo, qe go6pogerel r,rre ce

rrgrpa;KAar or ,,BgavMHaTa xapMoHvrfl unrvt ctqeianr,re,. Ha [pr,t_poAaTa, saBl4Ka.lura,pa3yMa. B llo.nurnra, VII, XII, 6-7 ioftfllrrle: ,,Tpn ca_QaKTopHTe, Konro fipaBflT xopara xyloasu nlobpoAeTeJrnu. l'osa ca-: fipntoAara, HaBr{Kl,T (npr,renvxara) npa3yrv!'br. flpegu ncnuxo rpx6oa Ia ce poAH (roBeK..., xofiro nvraTeJrecHr,t pr A/xoBHr{ KaqecrBa... flpnauvxara 4one:xga go u3Me-HeHrre u}IfrKou oT BpoAeHr,rTe KaqecTBa Ha qoBeKa eepa3Br{BaT.B eAHa lrJrr Apyra HacoKa... r{osex ce rro4quHflBa H Ha rraca_ Hapa3yMa,3arr{oro eAI,rHcrBeHo roft e uagapeH c Hero... B qosera'BcnrrKrl 'reera Qaxropn rpn6aa ga ce Hhvrupar B.bB Bsar,rMHaxapuoHl,Ifl."

55. Cps. flonnrnra, I, V,7-8: ,,.[o6pogereJrnre ca npucbrrl]rHa BcurrKl't cbrrlecTBa, rro He tro eAI,IH H cbrrl HaqHH... Tosn,xofiro e na.ralnux, rpx6Ba Aa nplrrexaBa HpaBcrBeuara go6po-[ereJr B rlflJrara ri [bruora..., a BceK[r Apyr cJreABa ga a npuCe-)KaBa AOTOJIKOBa, AOKOJIKOTO TOBa OTrOBapt Ha HeroBHs AffJI Bytracruero npl,r pefireHuero Ha o6rqure sa,qaqu. flopagu tasurlpur{HHa BceKr,t ilpr{TexaBa cboTBerHaTa 4o6pogereJr... H He9AHO lr cl,Il|o KarIecTBo r,I eAHa Lr Cbrqa c[paBeAJrr,rBocT, KaKTocMf,TilJr Corpar, a eAHo MbxecrBo e npuctqo Ha HaqaJrHlrKa,Apyro - Ha cnyrara. Wraxa cron pa6orara v c ocranalnre4o6po4erenu." Ho go6pogerenure fi a,,or.qeJlHoro., rpq6sa .qacborBercrBar Ha ,,qrJroro" (flolnruxa,I,V,121- [zI ir xrarvrsa.rrocBereH na Xepvrufi, ce or6e.rueaa or Apxcroren, ve go6po-AereJrra e uari-rpy[noro sa qoBerrrKrrfl pog 4eno, no u nhft-[peKpacHaTa npHAOoHBKa 3a qOBeruKHJt xr,rBoT. 3a Ko.rrTo 3acJrv_xaBa a ce yvlpe. Cpe. .[raoreH Jfaepunfi, V,7-8.

5 6" ApucroreJl orcrorBa Heo6xo4uuocrra or BbgIrHTaHr,re,ocHoBaHo na o6rqu qeJrr,r n no[quHeHo Ha 3aKoHrare Ha Abpxa-nara, 6naro4apeHr,re Ha Koero ro e eQexrnBqo cpeflcrBo gaKyJITr,tBr{paHe Ha BHcoKoHpaBc"BeHI,I KarlecrBa. rrBt3nurauxe_To rprbBa Aa cborBercrBa Ha Abp)KaBHr.ifl crpofi... 3arrloroAbpxaBaTa s HefiHara qflrocT vuahpegnng enria xpaftHa qe.n.tJTTyr( e flcHo, qe 3a BceKr,t rpDK,qaHr4H npr.{HaAJIe)Ka? KbMAbpxaBaTa, rroHexe BceKr,r eAHH OT TnX e qacTnua oT.trbDxaBa_ra. I4 rpu:rara sa BcflKa qacTr,rqa, ecrecrBeHo, rpr6na ia uvianpeABr.rA rpr,DKara sa rlflJroro. B rosa orsouresn-e Moxe Aa cecbrJracuM c JraKeAeMOHrIr,lTe: Te npoffBrBaT TBbpAe roJIffMarplrxa ga Bbgnl,rraulrero Ha Aerlara, ll To uMa y rax o6ryecrBeHxaparrepo^( flo rt4TlaKa, I, I, 1 -3). flo .rosu

n rnfoc Cpn. fir aro n,3axoHu,903 n.

57. KynyrfvrpaHero Ha go6pogereJrnTe e r,r cpeAcrBo 3a

AP14CTOTEJI

tillrttnxllaHero Ha cso6oAHHt 4D( Ha qoBeKa H rryBcrBoTo 3a

r,1rc'xpabHoto. Ha ra3u ueJI e iro4uuxeno slsnutaHnero- W(1llM8'r'& rnMHacrI,IKa Halrp. ue 6ura4a ce cBexAa Ao susuuecrn-'r'c ynpiDKuesns. B flo.nuila a, V[[I, ilI,4-5 ApucroreJl nogqep-'fttla, qe B ruMHacrl,tKara rlbpBocreneHHa poJIfl I'IMa He tKuBo-'r'HHCKara [HBaITII{Ha4 Ha ynpiDKHqBaHe Ha r.flJloro' a ilpeKpac-ilo'r'o- .trocTllraHeTo Ha KoeTo e npHc'blrlo eAHHCTBeHO Ha

"[OO-,urn"iennu.s Mb)K". Cps. flratoi, 3axoun, 722 a-e.' 58. Wgpyru- r Kpur, Kaptareu. Bx. flolutl'IKa, II, VIII,l-9.

59. Bx. OguceR,IX, 105-115:Crursa:cvre cKopo B crpaHara Ha AuBoro rIJIeMe IIUKJIoTIU'

flpaugara re3 HcrIoJrI{HI{ He 3Ha-flT. .be3 MrpKa HaIMeHHI{'

Huro cr'6paHl4fl cBI,IKBar'Hu npaBHlr 3aKoHI'I flo3HaBar'BOJIHO CAUN O6NTANAT BI,ICOKI'ITE TTYKH IIJIAHI'IHCKI'In leuepuTe gu6oru. A nnactna BceKil orleJrHoTaM Ha[ xeHa It nag pox6u,3a Apyrn.n BceKI{ Hexae.60. Apr,rcroreJl 3a eagauure na nisuuraHl'Iero: ,Egra lu

HrKOft IIle ce ycbMHI,I B TOBa' qe 3aKoHoAaTeJItr e AJIbXeH Aa ceOTHeCe I'I3KJIIOqUT9JIHO BHUMaTeIHO KbM BI'SIIUTaHUeTO Ha

MJraAexTa, noHexe B oHe3H AbpxaBH, KbAeTo-ToBa He e Hiutrl-qe, lr caMI,It{TAbp)KaBeH crpoft rlpnu sary6a. Hanu BbsnlITaHI4-ero rps6na la ciotsercrs-a na gtpxanHl4r crpofi-.. OcseH rorascnqi<u cnoco6Hocrl,t H l,I3xycrBa H3[cKBar 3a rffHoro rrpvra-raHe... npe[BapHTeJIHO Bb3nI'IT LHI,/.e L7 rIPeABapHTeJr Ho ob)rqe-Hne. OqeBI,I[Ho e, qe BcI,ItIKo roBa e HeooxoAuMo 3a [el'IHocrraB AIr( a H a [o6po4etelra. A rlft Karo Abp)KaBara Karo IItJro ]IManilbnnul egxa KpaftHa IIeJI' To flcHo e, ve e seo6xoArarnro eAuHHon o[HaKBo Bb3nI{TaHHe, H rp}Ixara 3a roBa Bb3nrEt-a-n{e rpx6la,tn 6r,Ae o6rr(a, a se qa6rlrd pa6ota" (flonurraxa, VI[, \ 1'-2)-

61. Henucasn 3aKoHH - HpaBlITe H HopMlITe, Bb3rrplterll B

cc Mefi crBoro ll o6qecrBoro.'CpB. CoQoxll, AnruroHa,,453-460, xrgeto He[ucaurrre saKoil{ ce olpeAeJltr Karo ,,6oxullpanura" !,IJIII 3aKoHl't.

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Qopniu ua zpa;kgauckomo ycmpoiicm8o.

LreHa 47 nB.