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. , . . : ) ( . ) ( ) 7891: 32(. :), 0002 :741( . . . . ) ,7891: 42(. . . . . : . )( Vertical Decentralization )( Horizontal Decentralization)881 :5891, (Mintezberg : )( Vertical Decentralization ) (Mintezberg 11

. : . . . : )(Decentralizat Selective vertical . . . )881(Mintezberg ,1985:p : )( Vertical Decentralization parallel )( unit Divisionalized . . . ) 291-881 :5891, .( Mintezberg : )( Horizontal Decentralization ) ( From line man to staff man . . :Delegation ) : 5791 :11( .21

) : 9991 :381( : ) 7991: 802 (. . ) 1002 : 351 (. : . . .) 0002: 71 (. : : : . : .31

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Administration . Local ) Local . Government " " .) ,3891 :02( . " " ) , 7991 : 83(. . ) , 8991 :92(.

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: ) , 8002( ) ( . . 512 691 , . ) (SPSS . ) ,7002( ) ( . . )052 ( 812 23 )(SPSS .81

) ,6002( ) ( : , . . . )37( )63( ) 3( )33( )32( )01( ) , , , , (. . . . ),4002( ) ( , , . )003( )772( )351( )421( . ) 50.0= ,( ) (z . : . ) ,5991( ) ( )501( 91

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)052( )09( : . : )9002, (Wimar "Policy making and implementation in decentralizing Indonesia: Poverty reduction strategy from 'above' and "''below ) : '' ''(, . . . . 1002. . . . . . 621 . . )8002, ( Alinio "Philippine Local Government Officials Perceptions of Decentralization and Its Effects on Local Governments Administrative Capabilities

12

) ( )87( )06( )65( ) ( 0617 1991 )4002, (Chandrannuj "Municipal government, social capital, and "decentralization in Thailand . . . . )255( 32 )784( )(SPSS . )3991 , ( Karin 22

"Legal Aspects of Decentralization, UNDP-Workshop on "Decentralization, Amman ) ( 67 ) , , , , . , , , ( : 5 3 1

. )3991, (McGriff ""Decentralization: lessons from the Detroit public Schools ) : "" ( 1791/1/1 . 3791 1891/9/51 1:2 ) ( 11 Arthur Jefferson : 32

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71- )0991( " " )6 ( ) 0991( . 81 )9991 ( " " . 91 - )9991( " " . 02- )8991 ( " )- (". . 12- .)7891 (" . " 22 - )1991(" " . 32 - . )1002(" " . 42 . )8991( " ) ( " , 52 - , )1991( " " , , . 62 - , )2891(" " , , , 72 - , )4991(" ". , , 7, 39-491. 82 - , )5991(" ",) (, , , 92 - , ,)8002(, ,) (, , ,. 03 , )7002( " ", ) ( , ,. 23 , ,)4002(" ", ) (, , ,. 23 , ,)6002( " ",) (, , ,.92

: Angell, Alan, Pamela Lowden, and Rosemary - 1 Thorp.( 2001). "Decentralizing Development" Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press 2 - Henry Maddik (2001) Democracy, Decentralization Development" London 3 - Salim, Wilmar , (2009) " "Policy making and implementation in a decentralizing Indonesia: Poverty reduction strategy from 'above' and 'below'" University of Hawai'i at Manoa , United States Hawaii . http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb? did=1852711771&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=85908&RQT=30 9&VName=PQD Mahakanjana, Chandranu ,(2004) "Municipal government, - 4 social capital, and decentralization in Thailand" Northern Illinois University , United States -- Illinois http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb? did=766022431&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=85908&RQT=3 09&VName=PQD Karin,Walter,(1993)" Legal Aspects of 5 Decentralization, UNDP-Workshop on Decentralization, Amman", MOP White, Leonard D (2003) "Decentralization" The - 6 ,Encyclopedia of the Social Science, U.S.A Urwick,L (1965) " The Elements of 7 Administration", London, pit mans and son McGriff , D., M., (1993)"Decentralization : 8 Lessons from the Detroit public schools" , North ..(Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL www.ncrel.org/sdrs/issues

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