א E א א W א א אF EPower Point F · 2018. 10. 15. · א א 101 א א א א Power Point א א W א א א א א
الفصل الثالث - الدخل والإنفاق -...
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Transcript of الفصل الثالث - الدخل والإنفاق -...
102&/.-,א&$#+*()א&%$#"!
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&A98"א&C)7#<א&=&8")?<א&98=א&>;):"אY = AD
Y= C + I + G + ( X – M )
DE678א4/"א&23/45א&א&.FGH&IJ&;46אB&א":K4LM&א"AN:OPא"Q3NR
'GH%0I"א'FCא01A'9B9C'=D'E)א'@0*?א 8J01K'#35"א'01/*.-א
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.?-$1FאE;13אAB1CD@1#א?7"؟0123/.-א,)#+*)56$789א)4
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.<GHj#"9א^L,&1אAj\(&9א:#;$(k&:,&Tl\`&[6$\>]א&m3n&א'U,V&12אA*o&p$&q3+&^=g&S*$()&1א,QE&א'#$r&b-$1#$1>&S*$()&
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(")'"א&%$#"א5/67−&0123/.-א&,)#+*א
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J&א'K=<A&1א?L-4A&1אM?N(*A&1=3O)&6.
1969–2001P
HI,1א
Q<N*.&/RS&א'$T&1אU$-V
(")'"א&%$#"א0123−5/67/.-א&,)#+*א
&1234$5א&,0א/&.-&,*+*&()$'א&%$#"א <=>1א&)$;#:9א&8)67$
(Yd)b+a=C::01/.-א&9"א8
ل"ش) 2-3(:
ى(*(مكاله/سالا
Yd
)C( كاله/سالاC
)Yd( حا/6لا لخ4لا
+ = , + -(./)
C : :01/.-אa : )GH=I3J,1אBCDEF,6$*<@5#"9אA@#?6(3=)>;/"א:01/.-אb : Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) :AB"1./01@א%?<אYd : D)/<א%AC"א
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\O,)\אO,).−O?$-4$c،d?#e4fgh$(4'אHאL,M1i"#BCD6.GCjא'k$(1S1#$14אS:
23+ = ∆+∆./ =
56 − 58./6 − ./8
= -BCD#"9א&a&T`1#א&/א,_6
l$#'א&GH,1א&a&T`1#א&/א,_6
(")'"א&%$#"א
5/67−&0123/.-א&,)#+*א
&1234$5א&,0א/&.-&,*+*&()$'א&%$#"א <=>1א&)$;#:9א&8)67$
:01C/.-אA%&B@"א&?<&=>1;:"&9)'8:F@G"1./01Cא%DEא.(,NאM-@N,)O$#'אKL,1אDEFG#4HIJAB#"9א1#ABCא@?
!"# = ∆#∆&' =
() − (+&') − &'+
= ,
!"# = ∆#∆&' =
3600 − 33004400 − 4000 =
300400 = 0.75
HI5א;J>K+LMN@8(5OPאPא"@A%QR@אSS5(9BאT@،VWX01/.-אC
.EOPאPQR@אS75H::L
(")'"א&%$#"א
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:01B/.-א:&%9A"א&@?&<=1>"א&&;:89
!"# = ∆#∆&' =
() − (+&') − &'+
= ,
E9F&"G./01Bא&%CDא C/(Hא&%9A"א &01B/.-א <IJ"א
3200 2700 2001
3600 3000 2002
4000 3300 2003
4400 3600 2004
4800 3900 2005
5200 4200 2006
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G1אEFG).GO=Pklא?#@:Aj3m1אn=oO=P1א`=AGאp,6$q.GO=Pklא*#RFNא'SRSPUVאW"3_.GaI$1TאZ3$rא'`#@b1אc$d1e"c$/?#@:AI,Gs1אc<t.^(:8I_.8?א"#(`IWאabcb3:*u.B5v*$()א'c,w*+*,6.HFx9א(j$/G-$1#$1>Ch=4_9א"#LMN
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S=Yd - C
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راخدالاو
كاله1سالاراخدالاو
Y
Yd
045
-a
a
CA’
A0
C, S
S
C < YdC = Yd
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@JKLO=kV$6#"9א%A$/6]$S*$1=;3Qd4j*]#^Y)9א
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.A$/op$-4$q)9א
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&1234$5א&,0א/&.-&,*+*&()$'א&%$#"א <=>1א&)$;#:9א&8)67$
)S(&:)89-א )C(&;01/.-א )Yd(&<)/=א&9%>"א5− 375 3700 390 3905 405 41010 420 43015 435 450
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.)$;#:9אF&)א9SEEUא&AEE$/&QEEJ/G$5&6#R$STEE#$5&1#;EEUV)9אEE#CLP&B"9א§
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C=a+b(Yd)
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&1234$5א&,0א/&.-&,*+*&()$'א&%$#"א <=>1א&)$;#:9א&8)67$
:@)?<)5==)>:-א;"א:,)8/9א9?@A51א,BCא'#$DEFG7$/)G.9א"#HIJ+9א(B$/:
Yd =C+S)1(9?@A59א(B$/EF13אKL-M1א,BCא'#$DN9א"#HIJ:
S=Yd – C)2(N-OP$QR(1אR9א"#HIJ:
C=a+b(Yd)))3(QOST-#UF*V:4WRCXא'U$(1R2Y;CG=Z6$*=>:
S=Yd – (a+bYd )S=Yd - bYd – aS=- a+(1- b)Yd)4(
S=- a+(1- b)Yd)4(
:/$1I(B&\,]א&4C'אG7$/)&G.&1אF4[;1א&,?א^&_;F`&6aT&4'אC&1&\,]אI"#HIJ
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AB5&אCD&E+F&GH>(I;&אJ?%&אKLM&"1:<(=&NO&אJ?%&אKLM&"1./01PIHQ&אRSTU&5$6V&WאXLא&YZ?Z(
b+(1– b)=1
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(")'"א&%$#"א5/67−&0123/.-א&,)#+*א
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:A)@?1"<=01/.1">;:א89%א يدحلا لیملا
كالھتساللكالھتسالا
Cحاتملا لخدلا
(Yd)375 370390 390405 410
0.75 420 430
!"# = ∆#∆&' =
() − (+&') − &'+
= ,
يدحلا لیملاراخدالل
راخدالاC
حاتملا لخدلا(Yd)
-5 3700 39010 410
0.25 15 430
!"- = ∆-∆&' =
.) − .+&') − &'+
= (1 − ,)
!"- = ∆-∆&' =
15 − 10430 − 410 = 0.25
!"# = ∆#∆&' =
420 − 405430 − 410 = 0.75
:&A)@?1"&>;:א&89%א75N==O&/א,CD&)א)+KLM&"4#"9א&G,،&IJ5אE&F$*/&/א,AB&CD,1א&)א)+*&6$,@?
25N==O&/א,CD&)א)+A$/&"4)9א&G,،&IJ5אE&F$*/&/א,AB&CD,1א&)א)+*&6$,@?
:&=01/.1"&>;:א&89%א
(")'"א&%$#"א5/67−&0123/.-א&,)#+*א
&1234$5א&,0א/&.-&,*+*&()$'א&%$#"א <=>1א&)$;#:9א&8)67$
:@)?<1"=>01/.1";.:/8א89%א طسوتملا لیملا
كالھتساللكالھتسالا
Cحاتملا لخدلا
(Yd)375 370390 390405 410
0.98 420 430
A"# = #%&
طسوتملا لیملاراخدالل
راخدالاC
حاتملا لخدلا(Yd)
-5 3700 39010 410
0.03 15 430
A"' = ()*
+"' = '%& = 0.03
+"# = 420430 = .98
:&@)?<1"&;.:/8א&89%א?@7A&6$&B&א"#CDEF&GH,6$&*<I5&1א,JK&=&430LI&98٪
?@7A&6$&B&א(J$/N&GH,6$&*<I5&1א,JK&=&430LI&3٪
:&>01/.1"&;.:/8א&89%א
(")'"א&%$#"א5/67−&0123/.-א&,)#+*א
&1234$5א&,0א/&.-&,*+*&()$'א&%$#"א <=>1א&)$;#:9א&8)67$
:@)?<1"=>01/.1";.:/8א89%א
حاتملا لخدلا(Yd)
كالھتسالا(C)
راخدالا(S)
لیملاكالھتسالل طسوتملا
(APC)
لیملا راخدالل طسوتملا
(APS)
لیملا كالھتسالل يدحلا
(MPC)
لیملاراخداللل يدحلا
(MPS)
370390410430450470490510530
375390405420435450465480495
5-05101520253035
1.011.000.990.980.970.960.950.940.93
0.01-0
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.066
--0.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.75
--0.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.25
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1 < #$% > 0
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1 < #$3 > 0
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895:::1#$14Fא174$D$EאAB4C@א%?
@GH,:4IF)a(G)b(6.6J$(1F(1אF9א"#KLM:200 = a + bYd
كالھتسالا حاتملا لخدلا
110 100200 200290 300
:%;א
@G9:&@GH,&:4IF&4'אN&אO,P&1L"#KLM:
Q$D4$&:R&-$1#JS*T&U&א'J$(1F:200=a+0.9Yd
200=a+0.9(200)200=a+180
a=20
012 = ∆2∆45 =
200 − 110200 − 100 = 0.9
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