基础落实 Ⅰ. 高频单词思忆 1.Whatever happens,we will not use v .

福克斯英语福克斯英语foxfoxenglishenglish

基础落实Ⅰ. 高频单词思忆

1.Whatever happens,we will not use v . We should settle things in a peaceful way.2.Women are fighting for e pay with the men because they do the same job.3.The majority of people v for Ben because they wanted him to be their leader.

iolence

qual

oted

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero


4.Although he is old,he is still a in public affairs.5.Most children in cities are better e than those in the countryside.6.A s person always thinks about himself.7.They have agreed to the proposal in ( 原则上 ) but we still have to negotiate the details. 8.The orchestra were all in ( 就位 ), waiting for the conductor.

ctive

ducated

elfish

principle

position


9.They ( 奖励 ) the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.10.The public pay more attention to the ( 质量 ) of milk after the Sanlu tainted milk case.

rewarded

quality


Ⅱ. 重点短语再现

1. 在……方面积极

2. 献身于；专心于

3. 失业

4. 投票支持某人

5. 事实上

6. 处在困境中

7. 求助于；致力于

8. 丧失勇气或信心

9. 从……逃走

10. 设立；建立

be active in

devote to

out of work

vote for sb.

as a matter of factin trouble

turn to

lose heart

escape fromset up


Ⅲ. 典型句式运用1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去 30 年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，并阻挡了我们的进步，直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

本句中的 see 意为“ ” 。

考点提炼（在某段时期）发生（某情况），经历


在英语句子结构中，有一种这样的现象：将句中表示、的名词提前，放在主语的位置，而把本来是人发出的动作充当谓语，如“ see/witness+ 事件（过程）”，这是一种特殊形式的主语化，其目的是强调句中的时间或地点名词。

时间地点


2....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.…… 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么同政府作斗争。

either...or... 在此句中连接两个并列的不定式短语 to accept... 和（ to ） fight...; either...or... 意为“ ” ，是并列连词，常用来连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或状语，也可连接并列的分句。

考点提炼

或是……或是……，不是……就是……


either...or... 所表达的意义是“二选一”，不能全选，也不能一个不选；要表示全选，则用 ( 既……又…… ) ，要表示两个都不选，则用 ( 两者都不 ) 。3.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work. 我得到工作是因为我工作努力。

The reason why...is that... 是个固定句型， why引导从句。 is后一般为 that引导的从句。

both...and...

neither...nor...

考点提炼定语

表语


4.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不该被剥夺为获得学位而学习的权利。

本句中包含“ stop...from doing” 结构，意为“ ”。类似的结构还有 “ ...from doing” 。

考点提炼阻止……干某事

prevent/keep


5.They were not cleverer than me,but they did pass their exams.他们并不比我更聪明，却通过了考试。

本句中 not cleverer than 意为 “ ” ，属于“ not+adj./adv. 的比较级 +than” 结构，意为“不如……”，表示两种情况客观上的比较。而“ no+adj./adv. 的比较级 +than” 结构意为“ ”，表示说话人的主观感受。

考点提炼不如……聪明

和……一样不……


导练互动

重点单词1.quality And what does a great person have?(回归课本 P33)

观察思考 Much of the land was of poor quality. 这块地大部分土质贫瘠。

She had many good qualities although she is a little rude. 她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。

qualities


归纳总结

quality 。

易混辨异quality,character,characteristic三个词都含有“特点、特征、特性”的意思，但各有侧重。

(1)quality 是常用词，指表现某人或某物与其他人或物不同的性质或特点，因而体现出的是自己的优点或长处以及优良品质。表达含糊而难以捉摸的现象也用它。

n. 质量；品质；性质


(2)character 指事物、地方、事件等的特点、特征、特色以及个人、集体、民族等特有的品质、特性，它能体现出成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往和品格有关。

(3)characteristic 指与众不同的、易于辨认的特征或特性。常用于科技领域。


即学即用

（ 1 ）质量差的商品很难卖出。

won’t sell easily. （ 2 ）他们生产各种品质的货物。

They produce goods .

Goods of poor quality

of various qualities


2.active 观察思考 He became an active social reformer. 他成了一位积极的社会改革者。

Although Mrs.Brown is over 80,she is still very active. 布朗太太已八十多岁了，但她还是十分活跃。


归纳总结active 。

(派生 ) actively adv. 积极地

activity n.［U］活跃，热闹状况；活动；［C］具体的活动

action n.［U］行动（总称）；［C］行为，行动（指具体的一次）

act v. （采取）行动；扮演；起作用； n.［C］行为，行动；（戏剧等的）一幕；法案

be active in 在……方面积极

take an active part in 积极参加……

adj. 积极的，活跃的


即学即用

（ 1 ） She ( 在……方面积极 ) the 1789 French Revolution. （ 2 ） The teacher encouraged students to ( 积极参与 ) discussions.

was active in

take an active part in


3.equal But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people . (回归课本 P34) 观察思考 A metre equals 39.38 inches. 1米等于 39.38 英寸。

There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. 这个班男女生人数相等。

She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。

equal


归纳总结

equal 。

A equals B A 等于 BA is equal to B A 等于 Bbe equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事 /做某事

be equal with与……相等

Three plus two equals five.=Three plus two is equal to five.3加 2 等于 5 。

v. 等于；抵得上； adj.相等的；胜任的 ;n. 同等的人；相等物


注意以下介词的搭配：

be similar to 同……相似

be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟知

be familiar with sth.熟悉某物

be indifferent to sth.对某事不关心；不在乎；不感兴趣

be kind to对……很和蔼

be polite to对……很有礼貌

be friendly to对……很友好


即学即用

（ 1 ）在体力上男人和女人相同吗？

men women in physical strength? （ 2 ）她觉得自己不适合接待来客。

She did not visitors.

Are equal to

feel equal to receiving


4.vote Black people couldn’t or choose their leaders.(回归课本 P34)

观察思考

The issue was put to the vote. 这一问题被付诸表决。

We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。

The whole team have voted me their captain. 全体队员投票选我担任他们的队长。

vote


归纳总结

vote 。vote for赞成；投某人的票

vote against 投票反对

vote out （以投票方式）罢免（某人）

vote down 投票否决

vote on/upon对……投票表决

vote sth.through 表决通过（提案等）

n. 投票；选票；表决； vt.& vi. 投票；选举


即学即用——用适当的介词填空（ 1 ） I shall vote (for/against) Bert because I think he’s the best man.（ 2 ） As we can’t reach an agreement on this matter,let’s vote (down/out/on) it.

for

on


5.reward They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.(回归课本 P38)

观察思考

He received a medal as a reward for his courage. 他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。

Is that how you reward me for my help? 你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗？

reward


归纳总结

reward 。

in reward (for...) 作为（对……的）报答

give a reward to sb.for sth. 为某事给某人报酬（或赏金）

reward sb.for (doing) sth.因（做）某事报答某人

reward sb.with sth. 用某物 / 事报答某人

n.报酬，回报； v.酬劳；奖赏


易混辨异reward,award,prize(1)reward 多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的报答，如帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金和酬金。(2)award 指一种官方的奖励行为，往往用来奖励在工作中达到一定成就的人，重在强调荣誉而不在于奖品的大小或奖金的多少。

Mr.Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予“先进工作者”的称号。


(3)reward 和 award 均可用作动词， award 的意思是“授予，颁发；判给”； reward 则表示“报答，酬谢”之意。亦可从结构上区分两者： reward sb.for sth.,award sb.sth. 。

He was awarded the first prize for “Outstanding Industrial Design”.他获“杰出工业设计”一等奖。

(4)prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。In this month’s competition you could win a prize worth $3,000.在这个月的比赛中，你可能获得价值 3 000 美元的奖金。


即学即用

（ 1 ） His movie won several at the film festival,which was beyond his wildest dream. A.rewards B.awards C.prizes D.gains（ 2 ） We will offer a(n) of ten thousand dollars for information about the case. A.award B.prize C.reward D.praise

B

C


6.devote A great person is someone who his/ her life to helping others.(回归课本 P33)

观察思考

He devoted himself to his career. 他献身于自己的事业。

Please devote more time to your work. 请你把更多的时间用于工作。

devotes


归纳总结

devote 。

(1)devote oneself to 献身；致力；专心

devote...to... 把……用于……

(2)Devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的

devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚

be devoted to深爱；致力于

vt. 献身；专心于


即学即用

He made up his mind to devote his life to pollution from again.A.preventing;happeningB.prevent;happenC.preventing;happensD.preventing;will happen

A


重点短语与句型

7.lose heart The scientist from whom never when he was in trouble.(回归课本 P37)

观察思考

We mustn’t lose heart when people complain. 当人们抱怨时，我们千万不要丧失信心。

Don’t lose heart—you’ll do better next time. 不要灰心——下次你会做得更好。

lost

heart


归纳总结

lose heart 意为：。

lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人

break one’s heart使人难过（心碎）

give heart to sb.鼓励某人

heart and soul 全心全意地

heart to heart诚恳地，贴心地

take heart鼓起勇气，打起精神

from the bottom of one’s heart 从内心里

learn sth.by heart熟记

put one’s heart into sth.对……全力以赴，一心一意

丧失信心


即学即用

Though the girl hasn’t lost heart tohim,he hasn’t lost heart.A.her;/ B.the;hisC./;his D.her;the

A


8.out of ...,and I worried about whether I would become .(回归课本 P34)

观察思考

He’s been out of work for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。

out of work


归纳总结

out of work 意为：。

out of business破产；歇业

out of control 失控

out of repair 失修

out of order 有毛病

out of date 过时

out of one’s reach够不着

out of danger脱险

out of question毫无疑问

out of the question 不可能的

out of patience 失去耐心

out of mind 心不在焉

Out of sight,out of mind.［谚］眼不见，心不念。（离久情疏）

失业


即学即用

（ 1 ）他必须正视失业这一现实。

He must face the reality of . （ 2 ）过期护照是无效的。

A passport that is is invalid.

being out of work

out of date


9.come to power

I didn’t work again for twenty years until Mr.Mandela and the ANC in 1994.(回归课本 P38)

观察思考

The party came to power at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。

By the time he came to power in 1951 he was already seventy. 到 1951 年上台时，他已经有 70岁了。

came to power


归纳总结

come to power 意为：。

be in power 当权，执政

lose power 失去权力

take office 上台，执政

do everything in one’s power to do sth.竭尽全力做某事

由 come into+ 名词可构成的短语：

come into action开始行动

come into fashion流行

come into effect 生效

come into office 就职

上台；掌权


即学即用

(1)他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。

When he ,he broke his promise of reducing taxes. (2) 我将尽力帮助你。

I’ll do everything to help you.

came to/into power

in my power


10.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 我第一次向（参观）小组谈论（罗本岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。典例体验

I called on him,he was very busy. 我每次拜访他，他都很忙。

He came to see me he came back. 他一回来就来看我。

Each time

immediately


归纳总结

句中的用作连词，引导从句，意为“ ”。

（ 1 ）名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：

every time每次 /回……就……

each time每当……时

next time下次……时

any time （在）任何时间

（ 2 ）有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是： instantly,immediately,directly 等，都相当于 as soon as 。

the first time 时间状语第一次……时

the momentthe minutethe instant

=as soon as 一……就……


即学即用

they visited the Science Museum,they showed great interest in everything they saw.A.The first timeB.For the first timeC.At firstD.At the first time

A


11....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. …… 直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。典例体验

Only with all your time and energy do this job well. 只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工作做好。

Only when he is seriously ill in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。

can you

will he stay


归纳总结

本句中的 only then 置于句首，引起句子。该句的正常语序是： ...we decided to answer violence with violence only then 。

在英语句子中，为了表强调，把“ only+ 状语（副词、介词短语、从句）”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把原句中的、或提到主语前面。

部分倒装

助动词情态动词 be 动词


即学即用

Only in this way to make improvement in the operating system.A.you can hope B.you did hopeC.did you hope D.can you hope

D


考题回扣【例 1】 I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

（浙江高考） A.which B.where C.how D.why 解析当 point,case,stage,situation 等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词 where 来引导定语从句。课文原文

The school was three kilometres away.

where I studied for only two years

B


【例 2】 Over the past 20 years,the Internet has helped change our world in way or another for the better. （重庆高考） A.any B.one C.every D.either 解析句意为：在过去的 20多年里，因特网已经帮助我们在一方面或另一方面改变得更好。 any任何； every每一； either 两者之中任一个（仅限于两者之间）。课文原文

However,this was a time when had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.

one

B


【例 3】 Charles was alone at home,with looking after him. （全国Ⅱ高考） A.someone B.anyone C.not one D.no one 解析句意为：查理一个人在家，没有人照顾他。由句中的关键词 alone 可知应选 no one, 指“一个人也没有”。课文原文 could grow food there.

No one

D


【例 4】 For a moment nothing happened.Then all shouting together. （福建高考） A.voices had come B.came voices

C.voices would come D.did voices come 解析当某些副词如 then,now,here,there,up 等置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。课文原文

... to answer violence

only then did we decide

B


【例 5】 Because of the financial crisis,days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6 ， 000yuan for one night. （江苏高考） A.if B.when C.which D.since 解析句意为：因为金融危机，当地五星级旅馆每晚收费 6 000 元的日子已经一去不复返了。 when引导一个限制性定语从句修饰先行词 days,并且在从句中作状语。课文原文

The time was a very difficult period of my life.

when I first met Nelson Mandela

B


写作技能简单句的扩展

句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或者副词前后加上适当的状语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等，其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。我们练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。【例 1】对 The man was famous. （主语 +系动词 +表语）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子： a.The man was a famous student.(划线部分为定语 )

named Mike


b. ,the man was very famous .(划线部分为状语 )【例 2】对 The student jumped. （主语 + 谓语）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子： a.The student jumped. （划线部分为定语） b. ,the naughty student jumped . （划线部分为状语）

At the age of seventeen

because of being good at playing thepiano

naughty with glasses on

Hearing the good news with joyin class without

anyhesitation


【例 3】 Chinese are making China more powerful.（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子： a. Chinese are making China more powerful. （划线部分为定语） b. ,hard-working and open-minded Chinese are making full of resources more powerful . （划线部分为状语）

Hard-working and open-minded full of resources

With time going on

than before as expected


即时练习——按要求对下列句子进行扩展1.Students buy books. （至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作定语）

2.Students work. （至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作状语）

The diligent students in our class often

buy

some books written in English on

science,

which are really well worth buying.

In order to improve their school

subjects,

students work hard in the classroom so

that

they forget to go out after class.


3.The man gave me a pen. （至少含一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语）

In order to help me,the old man standing over there gave me a red pen to write with the day before yesterday.


自主检测品句填词

1.After he heard the bad news,his face took on a (焦虑的 ) expression.2.I’m ( 心甘情愿的 ) to help you.3.There have been several (袭击 ) on foreigners recently.4.She is very m with money.She wouldn’t give a cent to help the poor child.5.He is always ready to give money to beggars.He is g .

worriedwilling

attacks

ean

enerous


6.Several hours later,with the help of the police,the students managed to e from the dangerous place,hungry and frightened.7.The man was s to 10 years’ imprisonment for robbing the bank.8.In my o ,most people learn by doing,not by sitting in the classroom and reading. 9.If you feel cold while sleeping,you can add a b on your quilt. 10.As a well-educated person,it’s hard for us to imagine that she treated the boy with such (残忍 ).

scape

entenced

pinion

lanket

cruelty


Ⅱ. 短语运用

1.A monument (纪念碑 ) was in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives for the country.2.He led the workers in the war.3.After Hitler in Germany, Einstein was forced to go to America.

as a matter of fact,come to power,free from,lose heart,in one way,set up,worry about,fight against

set up

fighting against

came to power


4. ,social customs vary in different parts of the world. 5.Many people think the changes are an improvement .6.When her son returned,she was at last anxiety.7.That football team had won no games and it . 8.Don’t be worried,because there is nothing to .

As a matter of fact

in one way

free from

lost heart

worry about


Ⅲ.完成句子

1.Madame Curie, ( 致力于科学 ),was a great woman.(devote)2. ( 事实上 ),I have the woman’s name written down somewhere. (fact) 3.The emperor ( 当权 ) for seventeen years.(power)4.To collect money,the stars wil ( 义务献唱 ) at the evening party. (free) 5.He whispered to his wife (害怕 ) he might wake up the sleeping baby.(fear)

devoted to science

As a matter of fact

has been in power

sing for

free

for fear that


Ⅳ. 单项填空1.The time he has devoted in the past ten years the disabled is now considered of great value.

A.to help;being B.to helping;to be C.to help;to be D.helping;being 解析该句的前一部分考查了 devote one’s time to doing sth. 结构。 the time 之后跟了省略关系代词 which/that 的定语从句。句意为：他在过去的十年中用在帮助残疾人身上的时间现在被认为是很有价值的。

B


2.As a(n) his contribution to botany,Joseph Banks had a flower named after him. A.reward;for B.reward;with C.award;for D.award;with 解析 as a reward for... 意为“作为对……的回报 /报酬”； award 表示“奖励，奖赏”。句意为：为了回报约瑟夫·班克斯对植物学的贡献，人们用他的名字命名了一种花。

A


3.The Red Army soldiers had to fight all kinds of difficulties in their fight the people’s freedom. A.for;for B.with;with C.against;against D.against;for 解析 fight against 和……作斗争； fight for 为获取……而战斗。句意为：红军为了人民的自由不得不和各种各样的困难作斗争。

D


4.Either you or the headmaster the prizes to the gifted students at the meeting. A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 解析 either...or...连接两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则，故可排除 B和 C；又因为奖品还没有发放，故用 to do 结构表示将来。句意为：要么是你，要么是校长，在大会上给那些有才华的学生颁奖。

D


5.The gestures (手势 ) are both by the Chinese and foreigners as the same meaning. A.accepted;having B.accepted;to have C.received;having D.received;to have 解析句意为：这些手势表达相同的意思，中国人和外国人都可接受。 accept 表示主观上的“接受”，而 receive 表示客观上的“收到”。 as在这里是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。

A


6.There are many cards for you to . A.choose from B.choosing from

C.be chosen from D.be choosing from 解析不定式在此表示主动，与前面的名词 cards 形成逻辑上的动宾关系；前面提供了选择的范围，故应用 choose from 。句意为：有许多卡片供你选择。

A


7.All possible means been taken to stop the river . A.have;polluting B.has;polluted C.has;from being polluted D.have;being polluted 解析由 stop...(from) doing 结构及 the river 与 pollute 之间的被动关系可排除 A 和 B；又因为 all修饰 means 作主语，谓语动词用复数可排除 C 项，综合可知正确答案为 D项。句意为：人们采取了所有可能的方法来阻止河水受到污染。

D


8.—Have your working conditions improved?

—No, than before,I’m afraid. A.no better B.a little better C.not worse D.no worse 解析由答语“ no”及“ I’m afraid”可知工作条件并没有比以前好转，故应用 no better than (并不比……好 ) 。句意为：——你的工作条件得到改善了吗？——没有，恐怕并不比以前好。

A


9.You are late.If you a few minutes earlier,you him. A.came;would meet B.had come;would have met C.come;will meet D.had come;would meet 解析由语境可知，这里是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，故答案为 B 项。句意为：你来晚了。要是你早几分钟来，你就会见到他。

B


10.He can’t fit into his new though he has been working in the new company for more than three months. A.position B.situation C.state D.condition 解析 position职位； situation情形，状况； state 状态； condition条件；状态。

A


11.For Chinese,2008 is a special year,a year the 29th Olympics were held in China for the first time and saw so many natural disasters. A.that;the one that B.when;one that C.that;the one what D.when;one when 解析第一个空后为一定语从句修饰先行词 a year ，从句中缺少时间状语，故应填 when ；第二个空应填 one that,one相当于 a year 与前面的 a year并列， that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

B


12.Honesty and trust are the basic of making friends. A.methods B.principles C.principals D.beliefs 解析考查名词辨析。句意为：诚实和信任是交朋友的基本原则。 principle原则；法则； method 方法； principal校长；负责人； belief信任；信仰。由题意可知答案为 B 项。

B


13.What the public was that Phelps should take drugs. A.worrying B.worried C.was worried D.was worried about 解析 worry此处用作及物动词，“使担忧 /着急”，物作主语。 be worried about 对……担忧，其主语是人。句意为：使公众担忧的是菲尔普斯竟然吸毒。

B


14.Because of the global financial crisis, there are fears that the world economy could slide into depression. A.the;a B.a;the C./;a D.the;the 解析考查冠词用法。句意为：由于全球金融危机，（人们）担心这会导致世界经济萧条。第一空是名词复数形式表示泛指，不用冠词；第二空泛指“一次，一个”，用不定冠词。

C


15.Only as an interpreter how important it was to practise spoken English. A.when I worked;I realized B.when did I work;did I realize C.when I work;did I realize D.when I worked;did I realize 解析当 only 出现在句首修饰时间状语从句时，主句应使用部分倒装。

D

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基础落实 Ⅰ. 高频单词思忆 1.Whatever happens,we will not use v .

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