第 16讲 省略、插入语与反意疑问句 （下）

翻译下列句子，指出下列疑问句的类型 1. Are you interested in Chinese calligraphy?

5 什么叫反意疑问句？

你喜欢中国书法吗？ 一般疑问句。

2. Do you like sports or music?

3. How is everything going?

5

你喜欢运动还是音乐？选择疑问句。

情况怎样？ 特殊疑问句。

4. Didn't you ask me to come here for a book?

5. Why not go on a holiday to relax yourself?

5

你不是要我来拿一本书吗？ 修辞疑问句 ( 反问句 ) 。

何不去度假放松一下？修辞疑问句。

6. Nobody is perfect, are they?

5

没有人是十全十美的，是吗？ 反意疑问句。

5

疑问句有很多形式，反意疑问句是疑问句的一种， 由前后两个部分组成。前一部分是对人或事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。一般情况下，若陈述部分用肯定式，则疑问部分用否定式；反之，若陈述部分用否定式，则疑问部分用肯定式。反意疑问句既可以表示真实疑问，也可以表示说话人的某种倾向、强调或反问。

完成下列反意疑问句 1. The students and their teacher are discussing how to

improve their teaching efficiency, __________ ？ 2. The residents didn‘t agree to the former housing

plan, __________ ？ 3. He dislikes having porridge for breakfast,

__________ ？

6 学习反意疑问句应注意哪些方面？

aren't they

　 did they

　 doesn't he

4. I don't believe such a theory holds water,

__________ ？ 5. Everything is ready, __________ ？ 6. There seem to be 5 free buses to go to the mall,

__________ ？

6

does it 　 isn‘t it

don't there

6

学习反意疑问句应重点注意四点： 1 ．肯定和否定形式的选择。一般情况下，肯定和否定交错出现。但具体情况比较复杂，如加前缀，后缀构成的否定词视为肯定情况，那么疑问部分用否定。　　 2. 主语的确定。主语应转化为代词，而且要注意其单复数。如 everything 作主语，用单数代词 it 提问，但 everybody 作主语，用复数代词 they 提问。因

6

此， 要把握常见句式提问时主语的规律性。 3 ．时态的照应。提问应注意前后时态的一致性。 4 ．复合句中要注意就主句提问还是从句提问。一般情况下，就主句提问，但否定前移的句式就从句提问。 学习反意疑问句的难点是要掌握足够量的典型句式，准确把握其正确用法。

　 完成下列反意疑问句　 1. Dogs aren't friendly to cats, __________ ？ 2. Let's have further discussion about it, __________ ？　 3. Don't forget to phone me, __________ ？

7 填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子

are

they

will you

shall

we

4. He seldom watches TV, __________ ？

5. John said nobody was fit for the job, __________ ？

6. Nothing can stop us now, __________ ？

7. Someone is waiting for you, __________ ？

8. There seemed to be any trouble, __________ ？

9. We had to take the first train, __________ ？

7 does he

didn't he

can it 　

aren't they 　

didn't there

didn't we

　

10. My brother often has colds, __________ ？

11. I must answer the letter, ______________ ？

12. You must have studied English for many years,

__________ ？

13. You'd like to have some tea, __________ ？

14. What beautiful weather, __________ ？

15. It is Tom and Jack who often play football,

__________ ？

7 doesn't he

　 needn't I / mustn't I

haven't you

　 wouldn't you

　 isn't it

isn't it 　

16. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet

clear, __________ ？

17. Burns dislikes dancing, __________ ？

18. Learning how to repair motors takes him a long

time, __________ ？

19. I wish to go home now, __________ ？

20. I'm interested in English, __________ ？

7

is it 　

doesn't he 　

doesn't it

　 may I 　

aren't I

　

21. The Turners often go to the cinema on Sunday,

__________ ？

22. That's not important, __________ ？

23. Everyone is here, __________ ？

24. Neither of the books is interesting, __________ ？

25. It's impossible, __________ ？

26. He has a good time on Sunday, __________ ？

7

don't they 　

is it

aren't they

are they

　 isn't it 　

doesn't he

27. You'd better go and ask for her now,

__________ ？

28. I need help very much, __________ ？

29. He must be in the classroom, __________ ？

30. Please try on the coat, __________ ？

31. So you are right, __________ ？

32. What a lovely day, __________ ？

7

hadn't you

don't I

　 isn't he

　 will you/ won't you

　 are you

　 isn't it 　

33. He said he was going to help me, __________ ？

34. We're not going to stay with our parents this

summer, __________ ？

35. Neither you nor I am a doctor, __________ ？

36. You'd like to help with my work after school,

__________ ？

37. I don't believe that he will come on time,

__________ ？

7

didn't he

are we 　

are we 　

wouldn't you

will he

　

38. You don't know when the building will be

completed, __________？

39. Tom has been reading stories, but he didn't read

this afternoon, __________？

40. That China is a great socialist country is well

known, __________？

41. There is little ink in my pen, __________？

42. She dislikes smoking, __________？

7

do you 　

did he

isn't it

is there

　 doesn't she

43. He ought to go and ask him, _______________ ？

44. He used to get up early, ________________ ？

45. He has to go to see the doctor, __________ ？

46. We must study all the subjects well,

__________ ？

47. You must have lost the book yesterday,

__________ ？

7

oughtn't he/ shouldn't he

usedn't he/ didn't he 　

doesn't he

needn't we 　

didn't you 　

48. The girl daren't go home alone, __________ ？

49. Don't forget to write a letter to me,

__________ ？

50. I don't suppose you can finish the work in time ，__________ ？

51. It's my son's wedding and I'll have to look my

best for it, __________ ？

7 dare she

will you 　

can you

　

won't I

　

52. Let me help you ， __________ ？

53. John doesn't think it's right, __________ ？

7 may I 　

does he

7

反意疑问句主要句式总结如下： 1. there be 句型中，反意疑问部分的主语用 there 。 2. I'm 结构中，反意疑问部分一般用 aren't I 。 3. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，反意疑问部分通常就主句提问。 4. 主 句 为 I think/I don't think, I suppose/I don't

suppose, I believe/I don't believe 的复合句时，反意疑问部分就从句提问，且要注意否定的转移。

7

5 ．上述结构中如主语不是第一人称，则就主句提问。 6 ．谓语动词为 have/has/had ，表示“有”含义时反意疑问部分可直接就其提问，也可以借助助动词 does/do/did 提问。 7 ．谓语动词为 have/has/had ，不表示“有”含义时反意疑问部分只能借助助动词 does/do/did 提问。

7

8 ． 当 陈 述 部 分 带 有 never, nothing, nowhere,

seldom, hardly, rarely, few, little 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。 9 ．当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有 un ， in ， dis

等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，反意疑问部分用否定形式。 10 ．当陈述部分带有情态动词 ought to 时，反意疑问部分在英式英语中可用 ought 也可用 should 形式。

7

11 ．当陈述部分带有情态动词 must 时，反意疑问部分需视 must 的含义而定。当 must 表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用 mustn't 。 当 must 表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句用 needn't 。 12 ．当 must 表示推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustn't ，而根据对应的实际时态分别就一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时提问。

7

13 ．当陈述部分带有 need/dare 时，根据 need/dare

的情态动词用法或实义动词用法来提问。 14. had better 或 would rather/would like 时，反意疑问部分就 had 或 would 提问。 have to 借助助动词提问。 15 ．当陈述部分是肯定形式祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用 will you (would you) ， won't you 。当陈述部分是否定形式祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用

7

will you (would you) 。 16. Let's 开头的祈使句时，反意疑问部分用 shall

we; Let us 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用 will

you 。 17. I wish… 或 Let me … 开头的祈使句，用 May

I 提问。 18 ．非谓语动词作主语，常用 it 提问。 19 ．主语为句子，常用 it 提问。 20 ． It is /was…that 强调句型， 常用 it 提问。

7

21 ． 陈 述 部 分 主 语 是 指 示 代 词 或 不 定 代 词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用 it 。 22 ． 陈 述 部 分 主 语 是 不 定 代 词 everybody,

anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑问部分常用复数 they 。 23 ．并列复合句的疑问部分，就邻近分句提问。 24 ．陈述部分由 neither…nor… ， either…or…

等连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义

7

而定。 25 ．陈述部分前有强调词，此时为反问语气，后面提问的肯定，否定形式与前面保持一致。 26 ．感叹句省略主语时，要就原来的主语提问。

根据实际情况回答下列反意疑问句 1. — North Korea is a socialist country ， isn't it?

— ____________________.

2. — India isn't a developing country ， is it?

— ____________________.

8 反意疑问句怎样回答？

Yes ， it

is

Yes, it is

3. — Beijing isn't the capital of China, is it?

— ____________________.

4. — Shanghai isn't the capital of China, is it?

— ____________________. No, it isn't

8

Yes, it is

8

反意疑问句的回答分两种情况理解。当陈述部分是肯定时，与汉语回答是一致的，因而容易理解。重点是要掌握陈述部分为否定时，与汉语回答的不同之处。换言之，要排除汉语干扰，培养英语思维。陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句回答时注意三点。第一 ， 回 答 时先完整地回 答 句 子 。 如 ： India is a

developing country( 而不是简单回答 It is); 第二，判断完整回答中的肯定或否定形式；第三，根据肯定或

8

否定形式确定 Yes 或 No ，肯定用 Yes 否定用 NO ，注意回答的一致性。以“ Shanghai isn't the capital of China, is it ？”为例，第一，回答时先完整地回答句子： Shanghai is not the capital of China.( 上海当然不是中国的首都 ); 第二，判断完整回答中的肯定或否定形式：否定；第三，根据否定形式确定 No. 注意回答的一致性： No ， it isn't. 可见，在陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句的回答中， Yes 翻译成“不”，而 No 翻译成“是”。