الموسوعة النفسية 1
322
-
Upload
lhassandanguou -
Category
Documents
-
view
397 -
download
13
Transcript of الموسوعة النفسية 1
M A I S O N D ' E D I T I O N
ij&13Jl ;+L r;Ug .-&+13
+ LLGI p ' ~ . . 9i .. i I-- s ~ i ++ + c,c,c,;l ; 11
9i i j ~ ~ + ~ a~ \++A+ P
'Lgr a>&\ & I J b l
A J U I o-]I < . ;\rw; Sadisme ;t~uk~
- \ V i ) Marquis de Sade JL &J - cr2acs~l .. & d l .. +UJI . ( \ A \ L
&I+ &Al @&'a1 ' i Y L LI-j g ;> djA4L.J.J '&Id! d l &I -
&IjJ & - LL @'a1 Jl>!
.((Justine ou les malheurs de la vertu,,
J! ;k-; Masochismus -eFWl 9
L I L tF 9 F +~d44JJ3+4
1 ( A - A ) Masoch
G & ! ~ ~ @* &u & d l - - ; L L 2 3 -3 ' 4 1 ',3 G I 3 - & yL 'b3+idl L& L&lL f.Yidl
,L-6 kuk;ll d l &z3 :GJUI
;& JL~ +-&AIJJ a\ 1 L C
4.lligs ' L + 9 ~3-u3JY2 S+wJ 5
XU Oedipus Complex w ~ 3 1 2-
Oedipus the w~9i U l Jl c . G
&ill3 &;'dl ~ k ' a l +I 4 1
',&dl pl, L3l; iCa;r 2yCLell
.LJ '++I+ ~ Y k g
-1 J! Literature '+~'al d s
&A\ 6 Lk-Lgtl"4j 'L+I - . @ A ! - c-.m u.$ .+I +d&* d'l d j y k i l l (eL & b9-~-fI
C
LL9 '&JYl ijLLi.521 diLUr;l
&J& '+Em SJ&- dLhj
- \ A Y A ) Ibsen-I&+& .
. d l +ilb++aJ~i 4 4 . 7
Y &9_P"tl ;, G 3 *! bK b(g
&LwI a h & Y k p%$L 2&J + J 3 L 3 . ;+4. & . j J > L t l
~ y j m i 3 x 3 ) ) .((Ghosts c&51,) :& iGlj42p14
~ + , ) 3 .((An Enemy of the people 4 1
JI+I bi jj3 .((A DOIIIS House GJI
GI~.~JI b~ ' + ~ i J\A L
J 4 C jL.7 JF =I\ - . ;i&3
.lejLh13 &j19;9 uP3 GL;)'I
4 1 L L d - . 'LK 'UIJ +:YI bK3
& ? # w l l t r & ~ ~ l & L + l l - -
bsjssr $1 +?-+ g9-J' (44k
& ~ t L 4 L ; i & Y + Y l &
pp J! Jlp5l b.9 'LIYe;lk 41J-1
;%3 .*LL~ ~~k2p14 wu~ P P .-a91 t+.9 .+I s+ ~ L I di
w P 3 ~ ; ~ .w~-i3 p k i r l 15y.9 -
JK; ;, dj l&S+l @
- F 14 i 1 i ; 11 2 - 4 ,A& ,La\\ k - $ 1 +-I
ijL1pJ13 i j LkQ f \3 i j l S I Y 1 3
wL LQJ~LY~I ;id\ 'King
-+ J.Ilnll p - ;L'L @i , P
1 %J3 i -ds3 . ~ L + I
.LUF3 lIJ;CLf(g .I+.&y11c3
\3f b 3 . ~ J - e 3 ~ k + 3
I : M I aiW1 cjF'.&dl w+, J .
hlg .(C.s507 - 070) Aeschylus
9 ; i I .klc P .J+u i ~ J . i e i j _ l d l j ~ j + ~ l - -
Z L i c j 1 - 2 ;*g;.! 8 4 1L4~81kg
db j .?Wl + ~ 1 ~ 1 &jj ;jL
ilky3 ijL13d 2 r .! GL~JJ
Madame iS~G2 ? l a & SJ+ - - \ A \ ) Flaubert *gLef Bovary
-1 klW\&i,+~ ( \ A A *
.Bovarism &JE~JI eyjj 41 .. - d 1 ,.." GLYYIJJ ijL13dl -3 -
i;i43- ill&! JLY UL
Prestupleniye i +-I -%+I
-.;d(\A77) nakazaniye - b U 3 . ( \ AA \ - \ AY \ ) Dostoyevsky
+c3 .;a~ + 4J'u13J
&bl*I3 & L Y ! -4 & \ J J ~ c -
.bi3x3
-z+Ll +LA.,! JF e_~_1_L j i,*;-.>ri-ll
?WI 3% &l3dlj LExhibitioili .:
3i .,s+I UI ,i +I eek sl.2j "
4 JL+ L +I hi
LoS .Oral personality &+I +--LZll
. - +I h~ +L+i 3 4 1 J& 2 s2
J++ Anal sadistic *+fi e l U I
3 i Jb ~&..5..d1 -LJ~. 3 . 3 1 LA.&
a J ~ l ce 3i3 ,m - .. &I# -. 3fi
+& i)b d X j .Z&.s.Z aLL+,
'-++ 'phktfl JLZLJ d 2 ~ ) ; 3 1 ~ 4 d ~
-\+! WI 3i y3 .WI
3+1 ~1~ 31 u J ~ Y I jI+\ +
A3 & Y 8 L 3 - +@I9 z)-Luellj
'Voyeurism @I w& d JL+ L lei
& ~3 -1 J d l (j! b'
i G i I ( \ A ~ V
u+al - LgSi + ' b 9 i r i s & 9 r J k i YI - . 6 Y b f f i MI - - L
fi - I J~L 4 d A s J J L i J+23? I~L+‘+..C -4
&L d3 F I J ~ iI*;K G3$ Lb*L
;r 4 3 ' J ~ J irlf &_i, iI*;K @I
p &\&dl F m l
Les i._tL;L+!I)) -. : % d l LC- 5
.-JYI . - 51 (a+&-!' . ! :hips I-
& '%.,-! 4AL+! .+I $L i I I h p 3
p l ~ ~ k ; ~ j ~ ~ + ~ ~ i S ~ Y > ;r -JYI +G.J.J .Concrete j& -
8 rq-2 J3j &I+ ,,;dl
+a & 1 3 % L J ~ o w %9
>L 3i L F ~ & ' 0 1 ~ d3J +JYI d+
UY. *-3i .@3J 3i (p-- . -
iri 4 9 - & p 3 .4 lC. >.- I
&A& &.J b G + S L W - % J L ! LP
aLZK L p & JI b+&, 2 - l d L , , k G b 3 h 4 W 3 . A
j!+i gGLUi~l3 .+-.J - ; I
~ J J ; W .Impersonal ' W Y d&
'd~:,,i ~ ~ ~ d i c ~ ~ i ; ~ ~ L S ~ ' ~ I - J '& lk>jJJ
&%dl F I L i J L W l &A 4~ I..i-.-;3G2&3 I -&LA!\
- i 3 u l t 3 i \ I JI-
9 G U . I . Transvestism .. OM L3.J - ~ 1 3 ~ L ~ 1 9 ~ I
&m13 +1+a11 iri GLLL~;JI P h &% -1 *LA,-%
o h p&+
J~NI 6 ~ 3 i w3 .FC+II
+L LJL bi +31 w4ki
v . ~ ~ i ~ . ' i k l ~ ~ 3 J% u &;&I &JlJL 0 J L . J 4]b
~ , L I - s ~ i -&Jy4?>J~
14 ,&I iri 3i '6 O J ~ l
- z . J J ~ I 6s +J g?_+! p l U I L
P"? ir! - i,-2 J& u 41 @ ~ J + ~ . A ~ + ~ w + - J I
4 + + J ~ I i,13 &#I3 +I3 &I
LJ3 .-bu\ GL> &'b J& (Ji 4] & -291 $Y J G Y I ! b
.I+ J ~ ~ ? L ~ s ~ & I ~ ~ ; ; I L Y I
& L-b~_92$\ - . L Y , 3 3 - & 9 ~ - Q f !
+~JJ)) i b l -IjJ f 9jL.
Jg3g .~Les Chemins de la Liberte
- \ AY I ) Baudelaire AJ* j l ~JL,
A 3i .'6& A k l ~ ~ - ~ 4 j l j C '
- , ~ # w 2 3 l
JLtjL! d-2 ,&d l oLg_) - - Lib 2 L;t i,sS,, &dl JLjlIS & - - J! e p-? wk JL;. & ~;iL4slJI
s b i - J!+ ,+ y3 ,&i p3 pJ& 9 Ldb ,a&l ;, k+d
~ l j d l o b J S i j & l p i i + l
4jl i i,i dj3 rbJ& 41 p+ - 5
i,K 91 - d+Yl a \ 3 d l o b J S +AX
+j .41j bdi,&iji - j j l +
I& 41 a ~ j _ j ~ &i, - - GI:, bi ji ,GU GLLI -
5
Y ,.$I3 L.* 3' aIL p - IWI i4+.,ulgLiriLSeY p ~ 3 . . ; 3 ~ 3 ( j & j 9 c f J + - (<A Portrait of the Artist as a :GIjJ
,Joyce w3 Young Man,, . . -,,;;I ~c+U~I.+l,+.iUai.--;j -
- 4 ,nL ,'J 6 ; i 11 zJ+\ 9 - - - w-3 431i i);~! W>Lb .& W3-f
4jlj ri jK LJSj ,UJ+ GYL g +.i d L Y l 3 al2-i-\I+ -4s GI i
+ +.i w~ AS LJS G L I ~ I ~
g?.Q! a , ,...; ; \I u a ; U l &dl3
G u l k3j L b '&pa+Jj &sz9
&- ' I - - . 1 &L+ - &I j4YJ13 QJ~YI - 1 +b+bl .\*; , - , d! $13 +j - 3c, -
.J;P;JljC*$l +++j* (Q]
~ ~ - ) ~ C I I C ) ; ~ ~ & + ~ KiA l j b 6 5
I
.ru;3 '& &+ 9i3p3i 4;i PJI +31 &la;. + LL
P 4 ,:,; ,,,: 1 .+ + $.-- & ?+ - 5
c-l 1 J % + + d j d b ' + - P . + g @% 3 ~ - 4 J 3 .Ll)Jhl
~5 cif9f9.i+u - h! &i;l? +*w 9 J~YI +hlj .-& $4 J,,
4; + L ~ A - +hl
'Lg! -&$I3 L % ~ ~ , z t ; L Y l p a l
eb g pca~ ,, +i dil grhg - d-9 'lj3Jk9 p 3
J! jdLg 'd*2 cjg-2 'GP*~
+Jhl k; -. ' e & & -2 eg+s13J
u 1 3 j L j f l +,,+xu SLJI ..
,i p+~ g i;l djJ ~ . ; , - I I ~ .. jcl;l +J d j 3 3 ,&I46
ijLl 3Jl Scientific fiction b A l l ..
- . W '4. 'L,-'Jl i l W K ~ i i
S-+J J L a t ! iwl w- \&4
+ll .. y d l 2-3 'L;-11119 LJAI
dl i j ~ dj - ' ~ i Y l i2++13
,Jh13 ., qluyi -+L
' 4 1 4 6 . -. Upadjk did - c k b ~ ; ? ~ i + ~ ~ + a ~ ~ ~ + - -
LJ% dl d3J +SA (y 4 1
+ +I +I -. 3i ,Jh~3 - Y r b P 3i b ~ i ikb-I
+.. '-1 #\pi J+ di
I .i ~ $ 3 - ~ ' ~ & k 2 3 ' ~ ~ ~
b u i ikb~i, Y - iw, + ip-- pp+
-231 & 1 3 ~ 1 3 .-&~hl LJAI 3-9
'33. G$WI ib ?F $1
di ji Y Literary intuition & ~ h l p*JI
Yj.JhY13LLd&kc+ jL -
A +& d~ di - $91 -L - - SL di 2 1 . + + SLL
Li Y j r4l-Z 9 4 ~ l rLa - *: +&'A43 . b j J ma C . 00LL;;btl
UJL3 ';&I UJL ?j Othello J,+l
I++LY -ki+zs:\ z 3 -
-3 .Detective stories -+&+I
9 41 + bi L U ~ J b++~!
The dl .. . -1)) &IJ+ dii-
& &dl +I iSi ,.literary process - .. - &tl .. $5ju ;I irLgkel13 '";LI
&iir& I L , ~ ~ i j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j u ~ -
b+ ,i .&A &+i ;4m LJL; L &G3 ',,'dl + i.;r 09
GLI~,JI ~ 1 1 , (p3 .LM . + bJi . (p3
u L ~ ; I + S ~ ~ ~ I I y . ,.L,~I . j ~ ~ ~ 3 ,>i ,A - ;+I
5 di & &a L3 .',+JY! & d l s j L 3 - C 5
GjX &'J ,+,I &$ji ,,Yl;i I.--, , L - ~ d i ~ + p d o j @ 1 ~ -
b;-iul &L+ &j Lr;;13 ++t Freud u2pJ bkj .;MI (p +IF3
J - i1I Ljdj ( 1 9 T 9 - 1 ~ 0 7 )
, Psycho-analytic school b-lI - \ A V O ) Jung +% dic o+ (p Lakg
9.i s;j 'ejjj LJb3 ( 1 9 7 1 -
, h3 , ( 1 ~ T v - 1 A v ~ ) Adler
c i j & i,$j ,&IJ3 '&Ifi3 'j;9.S3
'33 ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ 3 ' & ' ~ 3 ' J,-fiL3
g - +'dl &.dl (pj 'L&S3
;41jJ L L I ~ ;)99 .~J+II +3 +i t+ 3 3 . ( \ A ~ Y ) ~ L e s Miserables .LJJI,,
+ - ~ 4 1 ~ ~ 41 +i JL~
+ ! i l l G ~ & ~ U 'Miller - . cc Plexus,, 3 , ccSexus,, :dl3-
j ~ i +3 :( ~ 7 - - N L O ) ccNexus~~
v;d +ljJ cssi5-.]1 3i ~ U I +$I
Lady Jyk &J Xfl :Laurence .. - 5
31 &+ btp . ( \ S Y V ) (Chatterly's Lover
Ydx3.4L.i '3+ I Y l Y ; r 4 + +
. & L - ~ K + Y ~ & L ~ ~ A . .
- A' J! 3i +I J! t+13
>I .. so l ~s,-p~ulJ
u ; : ~ ~ P J ~ ~ s L ~ I 0 4 3 .+5413
YI d l j y + ! + & I 3 4 d ( 9
k14;L ~ L O + I ~ -9 WLZ. 3 u i . . w irJ 41 .,%id\ ;iUI cu+!3 . 4 L J J d 9
I
L c L ! . < = 4d! +Lu3 J e I ; i r l ~ b b
A ' L u r ~ ' # ~ . ~ g ~ ~ + ~ " ..
3 W ~ L 3i k J ~ + L h ;+ j9+--1~ 1 - ~ i ji . -~- f+ i~ ;k +L+i I+L~ .GI+AI
& w~~ JG! & .4;l3J c13J P
-J& .. .o+ es;GI 31 I*-
L ~ I ~ ~ g h ~ i - ~ u ~ .. - YI ( ( d ~ ~ l .. ;ILAYI* di th, Y
4 p + d l W I ++j -pJl g - d i bUj .;I& bj+ ?+.kc
L i k ~jjb" J h V;;\J - a&
bi O;LL G - i;l $ 1 ~ t \ ~ ~ . .. e ~ ~ q ,,.., -;JS i , W I .wi e ~ ,
i C
;r 2 4 .A b& blj .$I41 ;r C 9 C 5
j l LF ++JY~ jl rWl j .?+kc
plLL" & L$+ L2y3p '&a1
ji L,J3~j .?MI L I L ~ ~ L d & ~ j - &A &J.& zw1 b ~ e L A 1 3 L & ' i l l
e ' ~ ' ‘dl C .k - ?lF JI
,i ,Jt~j . t i k ~ l LA ir.
k;U .,l,Yl, - C Jd l JI C 'u . - dlikll
di l l - w e l l p ~eurot ic & d l - yj .~>;;dl dlr f - i j J ~ * o"L!+@ ~ l J ~ ~ l g l ; c , , Y d . u i
'LA- bs , bi b~~
. Neurotic compensation 'kLk ' , & u ~ G 3 ~ L a L t l J - ; c ~ l
i.bki5 eg' W l g L ~ L I -. Jdl
&A +I &LAj .&.S3l++! 9 & ,L + $ 2 1 Lgis &iYl illcl+Yl
ji U;?I-W kJ3&fl dI LLU&
4 4 j L p .. ch , pj ..I+LW
Id,,k;;S&ULdl +-@9&11
'GLI+YI 3 9 e~91 +Lb L
.aLl+Ip +I ,2Yl ;p &I3
+i 4~ b~ ed~ +2L~ 9 - +j
J W I &a U l +US r ~ L l + Y l
.J +j + 31d19 - '~14 -
& 3Ji~~ b&!l - JU! 1
&kiJl GL&.c + d+I+Ylj -
fiL>& + cjLY 'U $1 p - 4 9 3
Free +I & I d \ p +I JrL;fl - - C
6 3- =JYI association
GI> J! -+L ppj '&3I*Yk
' U L L d U 4l LA& pj ' 4 + d L 3
((Le balcon ;;is$\), +- p U - $Y +L 4 - w2%l~9 .&&
' j b p & & & L 3 Y ~ & ~ - .'+dl + L A oJkaicij ti,Lrl-j
jlyLl 2 - &I - c+id ,2541 pLj
i .J+.u + 4 u ~ . . ;&I J& ;i ji .$y\ c- A +')a12L&dj ' l t r ; ; ' s l j
&Jl3J-W\ & ~jAi-u~d! G&A\
((Justine ou :;tIjJ & ~bi l l j + b l
((La :&1jJ3 ' les malheurs de la vertu))
A+ philosophie dans le boudoir),
W A ) Stekel JS;;; .. +j ..'I,, 6 2 ..
'+23~-*291~!), : ( \w -
'&A& 4, J ! ~ 3 1 ~ r L J 1 3
' d 9 &3 ClP!p tl+1/13 5
L+ w2YloY' 4 &-Lip3
,251 - + ~ 4 &291 - ~ I A Y I ~ . 5 .U
i,+~ i,3J&tIj i ( ' + l i L p - >I+ -
? 9~ ~ L J I ji w2cju I+,& t ~ + y ~ WI ,291 .I+ +dl j + ~ Y I j Li,9-!I
L
41 - 4rl&l . c p - +,,& W2Y\j .&iJlj
The +-I j l g _ k j Y l - b L Y l
&.z @ $1 ' neurotic introvert
J4;rl+ 2~ +294 p3 'dL; &$ -
J+9 .+' J'*' y $I$' 3!
d l ? PL, - ,AI b! ~~9 3-ii +I-J);JJ3UIj @Ij
+1;5 J Y A ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~
~ J & @ L & ~ + ~ ' L ~ Y I
.&&A p .. Y l C . @'-)A
+2i U;?* (ji 3 W2cW y Yj
C++~ .o$lk, ? i ~ ,jij ',w\ 3-
&b & Z J A I p Creativity el u ' d l - C :&F
9 i ,'LL 3i ,LJ hfi 2 E~~ - Eysenck: Some Factors in the - .tl+;;l 9i ,$L 3i 'L+ - 3i ,;+ Appreciation of Poetry and their
w-~ 3 .d! JU- .d fd+dl @I3 Relation to Temperemental Qualities.
oJ&3 &I&& Ll 't+J sw" - Jung: Modern Man in Search of his
Soul. Psychology and Literature. G33&lj '~WIj&L.&.dI +MI3
- Jung: On the Relation of Analytical to j L & ~ c c g r t l y ~ l + l - -
Poetic Art. Contributions to Analytical 2 2 w & psychology~
' *- - Freud: The Relation of the Poet to
9 Daydreaming. Collected Papers Vo1.4.
td+dI J d l LIJJ - ~ i : tl+Yl
'Creative resultant t l u ' d l . C + @L 31
(JA (JF&I L L I J 2
+ &i 4 ~ 1 . . 5 . .. +3 original J-i. -.JI ,i WI @I i~ w$3 .& c -
d @ k i j L e k p ~ + u + ,iW j ~ j ~ d y l ~ i ; ~ i ~ + ; y ~ v F .
)l;g ,Frame of reference -9 JLI - J-i 3 i + . + d l + ~ ~ ~ ~ +
O ~ M J ) L ; + + U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
+ d+ j t &d l - J.&J119
&%Lo)1;4ui1& t+Aij4S;r
& ~ i ! ~ + d ~ & ~ ~ ~ J ~ e b ; d l
A L a bp 4 3 3 .j&LII Jki J! 4k
e++ap L wa" * L L U I L S ~ ~ Y G ~ @ ~ ~ ~
5 - 4 1 + h f i &a3 ,+i
i+ +MI +i ( j g ~ hi ;I]L$I~
g &+i au Lk3 .LL . LLYI - .. +3 ,i L- ~ - , 4 ~ ; r d .. @I
; i ~ ' ~ ~ i . j ~ e s ; l g ~ , ~ i ~ ~ ~ j
Creative dJ\(;Yl &Liif l j - 2 @I + r+ 9 e L . . 9 thinking
6 4 + Y bIS ddj L i l X L A d l *& ..
0-1 +3 dL - bi Lt*, b4~;r -
LL bi3 ,+ HI +h AI - e - - $ ~ - & - Q J ~ @ ~ ~ L ~ w ~
g3 ,+AI P++ PL 3i cj+ * JJ3 .FL&91 'J! LA &4
<&A\ G ' + u J W l .. I h p b L L -
J ~ f I .. - &-A L j j3k+ d i l l - " 4 - C 1 n f J L 2 ~ 1 I , , : _ e ~ b L C ; u l
dixg L ((Astronomical theory
A , , ( \ I - \ IVY) Copernicus
&..Jl~ J-ic ctEvolutionary theory ill ;iJt;l),3 , ( \ A A Y - \ A * Y ) Darwin
Psycho-analystic b&fl J+!LLLII - , ( \ 4 Y 4 - \ ~ 0 7 ) LLC ((theory
Surplus-value -1 &b h+)) 3
, ( \ AAY - \ A \ A ) ~ J L J-ic ((theory
J-ic ((Relativity theory -1 &&I))~
. ( \ 4 0 0 - \ A V 4 ) Einstein - C
j3i p - ~i e~~ -I c l r ~ * 3
si LJ,, Jw bgs_? F % ~ - ;-7dL+,Jse& 1 3 2 ' ~ &= d n :
& $4 1 0 9 2 3 b- b b&
I& i o~ks d ~ ; J I i-1 i' 3 - P l i J J ~ ~ b & L f l f j + ~ ~ &
bi C;L *i b ~ 4j3 .L.+ 'I+L
a _ ; ~ L ~ J J ~;iLelI jk'llJ ,JI;
.&I - bi j! +I+ .b bF+dl
~ l S & d S Y 9 ‘ & l + g a + + - a.-!1 + Gb dl 5 4 h\ <1
is \dgl &i ~ ; 9 %.,Y & i l~~%b~ -
& a i d 1 b:;7g2~~ rkGj&2
b9 ~ 1 4 1 1 +L+ hi tbY~ LJ
p lu l hlS + &19 .$t+,JL L I ~ < I - ~ I ~ ~ - + I & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
&I9 ' ~ ~ l j i r L L g i l Y l ( P S I $L,
9 ~ . ~ o i J ~ ~ ~ g > + ( Q I b i -
+J&~~ j ~ p d ~ ; i -
2 &i . Inspiration C&$\dl
?jYJ+i _11-\dl -11
*jwI9 2-1 i)i bl! i iJ9db J k % l J S & L & . i & d j i , + &
* d b i)lS ;iSI;LQ1l9 ;+I -. Wl - - -
t + . U u A a Y 9 L 3 ;tlfjlLb i L L 9 4 _I*-s +A ~+JI ;~cibl~ *U hi
41 .. LLGJL p~~ z+9 .++i
i i . u . 3 ! 3 - 4 d ~ 9 - L g , + L J u 3
. i C i I 9i+ +i +-A 2 JULI (P
Jkklb .&I 'WI + dj hi YI
+ 14 - . UJ+ Prodigy child ;+I
A 9 % J d J & a ~ L g L f ~ b ~
. d l J 2 r G 5 -3-4
~ 4 1 L s - 4 9 iA 6(rUY4 d l
41 p-g '61j~b *&& j e ' d l
+ L + i + + i , $ G j ' ~ ( j l & . - Archimedes ,+.&ji & c++ &I
-&iLd43 :((r. jY \ Y - Y A V )
+LJ .Eureka +J Heureka
L G h i + J JJ!&I.&;UI L.
big . L I ~ ~ L., i ~ j g d .. j~~~
&j&'dl - 2&i!l &+ '&j3* 5 9
& @I J& && S &I+'dl .. gl
pi '"I8 p&i i r ' d j L 3 ;iU&l
I &l+a IJL~ -zK&.JI Ll+a 4;i i+ -91 $L +j .i>I J+
c+' (j& .+I1 L L c
41 g j +a b 3 j j 2 1 c J * & ~ I -
J! d3>1 LYLh; F& +bJ . ~ J ~ J S
di Y I & ~ W I - + I - p-d '+&@I >&!I &&;js2Ldl - aJ&. ( j u g PG+ - &i
4;L Jgk? ( \ T O * - \047) Descartes
:UI - .. L ~ I a+ +L 9 &iJ .. \AY9) Kekule +I* LL~J~+ JLJ
d & + g ~ ~ r j l ~ i ~ 4 j i .. - 0 ~ 4 7 -
~ 4 4 j L p u ~ G & ~ + ( j U
idJ\, +ll - kLJW1 &+I3
CLJI G~ d - ~+J I 3i -I +ll ;iIS,Ldl (j& , Incubation .. 6% ' +Ld lJ - '\&>LJ .tJ+'d3 tJ+ b +-9 ~ ~ l - 4 s3 '&%&I L&Lc TJp \&xis+$
& % ' L . ~ - ! , + ~ ' I L 3 ~ j j s i i +
i,jJ \&g a I < 1 i . d LLG L%Ci;rl
; e s , ~ ~ i j i - ~ i & ~ , ~ + i r ~ ~ +IY , t ~ ~ 9i -I
2*113 +d>-fJ i+ +a +.YJ
~~3-1l3 J k ' d l ! +~J-J-II JL-'b + uw1 L d I 32-4 S3 ' + ~ ' d 1 3
+ + * ~ L G ~ ( ~ ~ + L
s3 ,&dl + '* " b L l 5
+ L e ~ j \ 3 LWI $7 +G di +-A
IL, LLF & ;;I 'dl . ( j l d I
(j& b3 ,(Cj+'dl @ h -bP,,
*LA2 &"a1 019 1 .i.-J k;US &?4;
p9 ,;iud~ ;;i_l ek;
~ * . , & W l + & c &
ijt - s*;, '4 .. j+ &3 .. bIJ+l
,..+A\ kLp d3 -+I41 kL&I .. LC &J ,Illumination stage
&I .. Jwl i+ di OLL +JKIF d-fii..~.~ .. !h j+J I
L ( 9 A ) Poincarb
U L i+ &UI L&
_4Li-r!~9 4 j G b &15;J133-y1Lal
d~~ L d ~ ~ t ~ &i + Q.+
- \ v o ~ ) M ~ z a r t j ~ ~ j & p - ! l
s;; Jc d;L , ~ 9 l d\ 3% ( \ v 9 \
J j i ~ c f f + s ; i z . - ~ b +
cjJl .. &++l p .. LgjKJA ckljij
p i i G L d L J * d d U 3 . L & ~ -
2 & p + J Q Y I +I i,: b 3 A 5
dIJ -3 .Intuitive thinking -b - - U ~ ~ ~ Y . G M I ~ ~ I ~ L ? I - f13 cu U&dI >+I
JSL 3. ((+ZN 4je 3i eu J ~ Y I W L + ~ g l ~ g ~ g &+i
. LA3
v.3 i s 9 1 &+I J ji Y9
pi & Vertification -1 kLp
&l+w - 2&\l Lg, $1 &l+l'
*& J! he i!e+L .6jlS;,~13i - JjieCfiu~~~-.;;Lw\
+++~944iJ!&s? La-+'++
t
LcL; tl+Yl a+Lc g ..
ikikii .G L0~.'j3i & ~ 5 i l 1 ++~j14~ - , P
2 l;j3 'jJiiL, 2 3 .+G3 &I&G3
& ~ i u k l ~ p u ~ ~ + ~ - &i YI 3- Y s3 L - ~ ~ ++i3
+I +I JGJI & u + A l
-^C3 .h3+JI b 7 4 1 ++\3
-I ;+LA + eI.;iYl 41 b3 b j 4 I 3 M I 3
.aIj\$\ j \ - 1 -3 L p 1 3 d l &4
JF a L I j s l l +I J&jl d\;Lb3
. . ~ I * Y I w A g i ~ . pL i+d I a 1 i n - I-"
.Creation tests t l +Y I alJL;;I . <
3i Ldi GL! LL t~~ - - G.KLJI+;~++Y~I+YI
> 4 i Y c + \ - Jb J!JLvD&;rl;jr?
~ ~ i r e l ~ SKj l j f i Gi + Y ~ 1 ~ 9 1 JI
.& - Y 0.3 .Ld13 . L + I 39 P
\ A W ) Huxley e ~ j bi
~ls3#91 .L&ll eJL ( \"0 -
&+iJ p-u L& L & J J I ~ I y L
. . ' (yL ~ 9 U ' l
'Jl &L Js C4=p3 41 b&l+
;& Gi .KSI &A (PLbh13 .&
GJGj3 'iuk I G & 5
$1 G(jd1 b& & .. $J3*
d Y d 1 9 J S u l .. + L p J! d L
~ S + ~ ~ Y ~ ~ ~ I J I ~ + + U + - . -
t + j l j .4jJ4j L k i LS+t\ -
J! -..I ' 4 1 2 - G W L j++
i, b * ~ l - i J ~ l
cjb 'dl, +uo+ i,sS; oJ+ G)Upg
;K (J5 ' T ~ 3 ~ & .. rJL+F 5K
;u ;!, '&9t,,t13 ;lg$L+ LCi
' k k J b E 29 ' t ~ i ' d & tL &+ ;UI t+d13. jpJ13 ,a~jJ'd~;4
41 plul t+dI3 :JL $I+ .. & 35 &j b S & d l & --I ;JJ_htl -
t - 2 6 2 .P J~F$\
0'- L ~ W I && 'd mJ9~.JJ
+l@I9 d l + jL, - at, b ~ j d \
jw~ . ~ i JAI jq! - 6ug b y ~ + ~ j
@ U I '&dl 4 a3 '~ll;?'d13 Y
J& &gdr &I9 bSWl JAI Lr, *I q- j~gh 4;ij b ; ) F ~ ~ + 'dl Nervosity -+-= + b& f!+Y13
h!, Neuroticism -+&I bi * d q ~ l & t - - & u ..
I P
d 3 ~ 2 64;rS;t;f 94k.?2 4f J1;;r L4 & Z
J L ! +*&+a h I L + j-I
.+?~li & L 3 . 4 + J 3 *24 ' $ 2 ~ ~ 23 -k9+33 ' 4 3 ~ 3 +*3
p ' ~ ~ ~ ij! j1;. u3 .&wi3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ~ ; \ l + ~ d ~ l ~ l y r e i r l - JIAC'W 41 U l i+ - 4 b+L=q L3-J &I3 G3FJl3
1 9 4 ~ L i i A ~ ~ \ Y lta;2i bi3 .+JI
Oceanic -&eji ;U3 -+I .. bi . ii$ i ~+ &i - 24% u a-I 1;- -91 hi &L+ 41 c ; ~ &a~2
The a+lln - (-.I+ 4ic i)?;- l4jK
.((villager
&dl - .Kin 31 ai3Lby4
LiljSd(J+d b&iJb - L&
& i l l - 4 :;; J~-LL.
;r54 Y3 .&I+! ej 3.c) .I
LLAdI u L I ~ A I 3 4 A3 ' I s
Jl& oju;?13 dslL+l t + d l
& j* a\> J L a J YL '+I C
l b ; ~ I .+'A J 1 9 ~ l & Y I ~ ~ K ~
Z j l A j* L l A ( ~ - d l
J k - 1 j I 4 Lg
+ u - 1 +j '&i&$13 a+iiJ13 &,t13
4i buhb La+G~~u!u
Lg&!9 ii4 i , ! hi ji t'+! b.. pL-+ @ 1-j JU'W
u i LK + i,L +&'dl G p G U l &
L 'YL 9j '+91 b j b L313AI ib + o \ ; n l r J-CJF -
, ( \ A V 7 - \ ~ - t ) George Sand
\ A ~ v ) Marie Curie d2$ - WW13
+j ii+~ b+ bJj ,( \w t -
a+& 4 3 '&dl + + JLYI - J~ jLYl wj ,~i - +d L j W l i \ J l + d l j -&Y13 - C
G! A &I Gi YI L t ~ - . + ~ ~ j WI
Masculine protest dJ$Jl &I - sCk+ LLUJ IJG 4J3 'jJi J-
P Masculinity complex i J f i d l id
C
i,13 ' JLAI y .I.LAL & J*dI -
p: +3 'p49e3 ee;bLjl LH3-J i,G .Je'd13 &dl3 t \ ~ ' d \ bl'+ &+
d + i ~ ~ + i a , i ~ ~ ~ j y j & + &J$j YJ tm\ hL
+ $4 &+.dl & i,b Lux9
9 p3&+ f i b 3 '&-1L?9 & y . . e;ei '"2" q4.c dJ+ &I
'21+Y13 ++I3 t 1 9 i j l I
+Ieg? L . ~ ~ + I + L L j
the -I-; the L;L p, ?+I
'the .he>>; the unconscious G3 'ego
++ L3 pL1j3 &JI &19? "i3
'@+ G= +--3 f-J&i dLLL . u I + c.;er rr " djl4 & U ' + 3
the J+KII + e--; &.ill - 9 li. .+I 9 ego ~ 9 1 ~ .unconscious
WC; 'j& &.irljp.d\ - i)*4J9i'-tl
Q2 p % u l ~&A..J u ~ ~ j
~ I J ! yi + 1 9 ~ wt4
y (ekjItW& .. p-4 L ~ $ 1 ~
fiLWI oi.+'jjs** p&
&& '"fly-? ' . d l 41 + q-+ 3. ee-;;i 3+&3 ++ I;& di G i z ~ p g i ~ s ~ u . + ~ ~ & t 4 ~ d j
ego- L%I -s~+~ .;iWI +I b j ~ i -~ , LljJ psychology
unconscious J-WI +9f9&Y C
& J ~ I L)uuI + elp 'psychology
kcz.495& p+3 -4' 6 U - c ;p
- Wertheimer,M: Productive Thinking.
- Koestler, A: The Act of Creation.
Dream Psychology
V e9 1 A,kd13 JL$I> fibM\> -+ 'wk4b
Ls IjLJ 'Z:--,,Jl . L '!=- +I>
, i& lgUPLJ l+ ,L j+& - -
~G$++++WI~~~) (U I
p b u - Is! , '+L~i,+>
, i L)IS + bi LLLI
'es;u khl;j, &I >i +MI - ‘ t L x r L i l & u ?x;ul 4 - bjj
& & J ' ~ ? & + I ~ w ~b ~;..(n;i -
JW;d\ r ~ 3 \ -Iw- .. Y3
*> Lpl+ (yj '-l-YI
~ ~ s ~ ~ h ; u ; l ~ i ; i + + ' ~ ~ ~
J+ hi + &J+L ++>
+L&LJS&>'-~L+I
&?I&& iLFLJS3 ' j U I - w 3 -, .+I - g - b+i
bi ji ' JL;II uJG> ? K Z ~ I
JL! & 4 ?%;dl j - L i Y G
j d - k L J L d ~ ~ l j & >
.WI j j i .. *~LZ+WI
Night-dream ?JI + g $MI3
Day- -I + j - FWLS 4
& Dream-psychology ?~-5l
L & 'J+&WI fib- -&LyI
+ 4 9 i t * Y 9 b 9 +I ++- LL p L l l > I Dream-thought +I
~9 O+ L '$ill JSCS . . Dream-text
+&p the d.-phantasies & l u i - eh; Ld "Yak 'cL l \ &A iu the d.- j&LI &Y> - cAJ\ r.- ;
+I &d9&, -&lYl > 'problem
r%;dl~+(9-LYbb-~9
L3 ? b ; d l &U3 .Dream-analysis
;r -1 &L> vi + Jly
-&ual L@L&> i,.-~kJl iji+&J >i rx)\ i j ~ $ ~ LK I+ .bJki3
+> -. &A -. 41 - 4 i ~ M ji &i+% GJLq (-&LYl 'g13&44 -
di+ Lj C;9 ~ g + L> rw&dJI - @ - ?%;dl bp 'LLd bl; 4; c4 Y j
a dj3 L J W l 2 - ~ d b $31 +ilSJ1 2 - LiLac &+ Repression d l
+ 3 i L a b d l ji f i l $ ~ \ +M 9 ~ i > L & J ~ ~ 4....\> .,&al\ J ~ i $dl3 t j k si @L +I
fi4;413 j ~ ; d l + - J-II
+hLSbb Lwaking dream or d.
o u L 9 L + L J L 4Ala;lbl-l
+;IF 62- - .. &I-;d WL;II
3 5 + W l J! o~~ &% +jpp L +I3 .L J+&4I
+jpp L3 L+Ul - J! p U I + +I p" J-dl J! + M I + +u\ (JA b3 ,a&," t J k -
i-.-, ~d+23 L t L J I +I p+
a *I9 L&*J
i&
Id1 .s > L l - &LA +I1 . + l u Y l - 5 ULI JLL p i,i JLWI~ &'I
L+9h Lb! +WI +-gi
+- &U\ + 3 A l i,l Jd - la3
dd3 ';tk,+'+J3&L>L&l - - -
jb + 43 - GL;I+J -.+i 9 - alkl+ &IS3 L LL*li*el\
g ,m ?d b! u3 '+LY t ~ 9 ~ bj-~ &J; -j3 515 ? ~ L I
6 t-: + i i l ~ &a - a& & J ~ I ~ )
&&I Z J A U ~ ~ &4 ( ' k~ sjyj 7 . . . + al+I + +j J! WL -.
' 3 ~ &V1 a! &3 'p-s 'v f * J! &3~- \+3 '+kl W ,,,^ ' - -
9 3i a i ~ 3 i a : . ; .L..,L~YLI~
i,* 3- 5 ~ ~ 3 . a h
+ s L j Y 3 . ~ l & 4 ~ a + b
.-w1 &4 Lg; lg;K9 '&$ Y3 Qd-4
+ i,jAL;,'.., i,*& ,Ul i ,Kj
3i e t~ 1~ ,ta;Gu . drgeLL? ?a
4 9 1 j ~ i ~ _ u \ d ~ i , ~ ~ .p4?
&dl jj3 ,&I 4 i d 3 j&YI)
I i K Y i - Y07)
9 5 6 3 ~ $ 1 i , ~ ~ + ~ 1 3
b3 -; egW '&+l pkh )cI
G 4 ! $ulj &fl\ & I * ~ I ~ j \ $
& 3 ' ~ i & i r . b = = g 3 ' b &
+'L3 ~~91',- ' d J U l b!
~ J ~ L & Q W & & & ~
d 1 3 d ' + d l 3 '241 +.P @ .ee;41~., g~ I& bi lF
Their b z ~ ~ LkirJ ( r b c ~ 3
&ki 4 'language and logic z 3 - P c++ji Y ~ , U ( Q : + ~ , ~ L U ; ! ..
dJ 7 ,;;, i, i ;! %. j L Y I v ~ b - u&! pu9~11 &s LiL +;dl
j L Y l - t;L;lcJlp I d j d i , \ U l
as-' U l o J 4 C+.., L L&3 4 L I I - r b c ~ w l +
jL i,i sJb t-' 'Dream-dictionaries - ikliji, A a ~ ~ + ~ 3i a ~ u ~ A + % ~ - & L Y ~ LabW\ &%L
+A ~&~+)~ull(~)4&b -
+LJ~ && i,i A 'w '%..,L - - d l 3 - ku9j4‘d1 ~ L X I ~ $ 1 2 +
.r 'c ,y l~& + d S i JLr. Ajirll
ji,&L;-r,WI - i,i 3ssYs
pL-LJpj 6- Js 4-l c+i d C L i
I + 41 zq,~g31 bbi e - 6 - ..
.Waking dreams LLi+ll
&JI - +-+ - GJUI ~ X A I
ej &@d' *' += J+ gjJ1 '" \ ; , + '",A & 7 -2 && - - 3 - -
L+gL..\ - . .L, +I LA aJL3
u3 . V L ~ ~ J &b%lLL]I - I; JIjr La3 J$ -U .. L , I ~ LL ~i jiij Lb
bK L+ $ 1 4 1 .. 4% L J& Lib 5
+b&I JJ+qj\ LL+
c r ~ l P . i j ~ ~ ji 41 + '..I ti ...?
31 $ 2 4 VY~*$I 4 - 5 4 .cs2-t\J&~~ - IL J ! ~ ~ L ,i 6 p+ J~JG 4ii +--..
'" +J4Lj11 &+ Id - ; t J&J i i jU
ji + JL ji &h1-91 GJ*!' p3&!13 .dil\dl
J ~ i + J- Compulsive rituals
&$J+Xn 6-1 vL +J-u Q L ~ ~ S U + Y . L ~ G ~ I ~ . - +ii1~~;,ji~~~~~'d~~;.~
'Optical illusion d2-1! e l d l & -
P
~ k s i . ) l : . - . I I 3 Phantasies
31 Inadequate i-Chll h: .A- ..#
- t \ \ -
P
2 - Jk3 - i c W I ( r ~ + j L i
J! d.3 'u9 ';4~Le ic ' d l
b L A 4 3 - 4 1 +J-<+J=-~I
j L J L L , & l I u I p + ~ I . . -. -
& I p - L g I b5 ' W b J! 0- -2 . Suggestion + L ' d l - L Suggestible ;I+'dl GI (-4 ,-;fI
41 SL \d 4J3 .personalities
l..b .a.,;\\ . - d+l JAd 'i& . - c", 1-3 - . L&l J L QI ( J L W - C k?r_ii;S
i,& '+A + pa (J4jgl
* &dl - *SAJb .#lPi z b QI
djS9 L + L Y l o + & - L A +ur& 4 ~ p
&&uI pa$+ 2 - GLS L $ ~ + &jlh di
+ JL"h p L J I Lg] 4% L GjjJI
b 3 . j y d& isS.g b L B 5 A
- b J 3
4 i + 3 & ~ J ~ ~ d l LU9
u/';n!!3 -+&I! m+Gbl . F
bISj .+3Jl 2 - uLg
r; + I& i2-14 ( J ~ . . . . ..: . -
U I -.- &$L 4 1 ib&JI9
:&P - Otto Rank: The Idea of the Holy.
- Levi Strauss: Structural Anthropology.
- Frazer: The Golden Bough.
4 ,I ,:,-, - , oG I J~-.JI + &I - 6 i ~ 3 ~ l ~ +k3 .+I\ L
g4il+"33Lik;JI&&L~ -
& -...iGjL~&iiYdJj
iG\+ &i - '-)I - ~9 d l J J ~ l 3i e~~
.&MI j3& &dl .. &I - d l
L K L9Uf +l - @jb , P
Js, @j L J - L i J L 5 9 . d h
++I3 L+k 9 &dl - 3S;;j13 Gp
:&Jl a ~ & .l+ +i& Jl - +MI 4jlJLl gi Elements o Y L
'j& eldl LJJA) Fixed signs
. ( \ A T . L g z j L + & - Michon
s; +'L i j L J dJ3 d b LK3 P
+L 3 4 6% ' j ! &Qx bi &I J&)l Crepieux Jamin - .;;LYI a L L LLiii3 'LLU
P Holistic -1 &$,dl o h w3
c
'jl + g 'Gestalt
y. - G 3 d & @ Jl - JSYl
.Atomistic ;tJj &A ~ : ~ ~ , - i Q o - l g u ' 3 - 4 9 ' + 3
p - *@I +L 'jL3 L U l +
++y Ll 1 ‘j+ \ p - L9Lk-f l
& 3 l g e l l ' i I ~ & , t" ih;Sillkl - 3 L
p i + l p - d l L3 .-I3
41 3: $1 J $ 1 e++JI
GI>LI p p ~ $ t ~ 3 - L + ~ L ~ J+C
I+ &I - p-“c7-\l +I 5 k L 1 -&I W
-GJd\ &@I 'j = -;: .aldI & *j +lU &-, 'LJ13
b& a&kA\ u\ J+I3
L J I t ~ ' j ~ d J ~ 3 L L + J I ' & J 9
Y +I *I& 41 JJI+J~ W
L U I JS; 2 - ,ajK11 wJdl+ >k b L 2 p ~ i + w-i&JI r j y sts -
.o-I.' (y Ldq'ju+ul & l i I + t + ~ Crk,-;? dJd JcLtl L3
d3 Lu&idl dl3 +WI ;i 4 ..If L
c
'jI Jjk Cr:L.t.? - 9 3 L & l ; Y (
0-43 & 4 ~ - - ~ . -
7.j ' 'j* & LLLG
6 9 2 U l e3 .+ fiL JJ+=
Handwrinting U I J&i L+F
Z + ~ C \ + 4 analysis
&+dl JL-3 -
& +;a w2p Graphologist
&IJJ 413 1 . d ; ; f l f i l l 0-1
'@ Jj3 .+~Cbt l e3 buLll - +L
&,+I3 6 ~ ~ 2 1 +WI 9 +Y+I ILJ+~! J L ~ , ' ~
~ r ; ~ g c ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ & ~ i
L+& ‘ ,~~oc . -A~ '&UI -
Y ~ ' & J l + & + l g ~ I ; , - Pophal JL* +L~I plG A )ral lkn&IJ~>! GJ ( 1 9 y ' &+)
~le;i GL~ ,&+a p S i 2 + l - d 9 - u I &~e;i wu;U 1 . ... L ( r - . J I Z ~ L L ~ ~ + L S ~ + I .. -
A? aJ+ s3 .+WI e ~ i
&L J+ a&+\ &l - 'kA
Y I < . I Pulver 4% - ,aLLKll (J+ - M I a L U I
p+'%L L,gJdjl@pr&L'3 -
* JJb d e 4 - i J l W' 631 Pressure U 1 3 +d l j J&1 - d L 3 ~ - .++We t+l3 - A 3 4
Graphodyne jb Goldzieher - Roman
.+Wl -x+ L+lj U l Lasf
:+k d3 'Downey j 3 ~ A? c+k3 - <<Graphology and the Psychology of
aJ3+A3i , ( 1 4 1 4 ) Handwriting.
4 ~ ~ 3 'Vernon cj&2-43 tAllport
b 3 W I +# b+ b b & P J
& + ! I &&&dl - J ~ + ~ L J L I
e x p+4 +Y+ +3 LLAJA!'
,+ U l bi >! 4 &dl - p3 . Preyer
&is .+JI + + & J i,lk * p L;b G+ -
UI A ~i ,@I i.)s @I & &i - , Brain-writing e-! \ "0 Hand- 41 iki + itJ-? ,-UI ji U l C J ~ r-LjLiY13 .writing
';i,tlth;Yl aL1,,LY\ +2 ' L L s u
+ ~ + > a Y ~ d ; Y ~ i ) i ~ +
'Upd l -1 aLQjiiIJY2
J a & . J l & ~ > ~ d d d ~ J 3
-I JJ- bi3. JL_k;Y13 X413
~L+~~~LIY(QLJ !~L~-U Physiognomy of handwriting & k A
+>$ d i u 3 'Law1 a u l pLS
&;I1 - & Klages 2% ~ J J J
b+ p ? 3 t - 4 1 w JF~ p 3
akYll e3 Graphology &dl (QL
..ALY+ . Chracterology
Lb3 ( 1 9 7 7 - 1A07) Kraepelin
~4~ .+ml . ~ i LAU a~~
&g jj Lewinson i,9-&19 Saudek
LZSJ I Ll;i bWolfson +j9 bZupin - 4 1 J- - z J I & & J & s b $ j L
J-JI J& alJ&LIj .+I1 J& +l;i~~
~ l + A I j ;\:,-.,~. .A\ + - $
&I 9i j k 9 1 + L ~ K ~ b ~ ! ,
- 1 9 b +'>j.L4
+ ~ l 4 j C + & e L u g ~ l U I
u bls" &I3 L4-l UiL $1 +$I
&dl Ct?-;Lfb L4iLLs'gJa
&I u 1 &3 &Ij L d l $ l U I - k J 9 b J U 1 ‘2 - - . dt--zhi - &&I .. J ! ~ ~ I b~
k; b J j J $ l 'h+dI tyill 3 ~ W I
i I I u - d 2
O J L L ~ ~ d;+d &I + - - J-erjlUI
& &+L+ (JjG &I - 4 i b j - M I
3 4 1 I h bk L4(J3 i & s l
J ~ I ~i~ .&+I tyil~ - - & & \ & A & ~ [ J L ~ ~ Y ~ ' & & Y
b4iYLLk;l p & g 5 & h . q z L -
&~J&&biy-;b~~e?)9
. opL;4
bi ~ ~ ~ 4 1 I p - ~~~~1 I
;rig ~ j z ~ + ~ ~ g ~ j ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ 6 ; d d i u : , ~ ~ ~ ~ l
.-&AiA3J +L 419 &hl
+ &+;dl U l eL3
JL -KJl e j L 631 - Pressure -1
L . 4 dJj i)K kJj L&w ;~+IJ>
L o J k $ L-!! J&&!~ . - ~ w l
+ e2-J I b ~ g L J ~ $ t ~ o ~ a aw9 L, L+ L+% i;l t ~ " t ! Y di
+L k ~ 3 ~4 1 14 d&\ &&z
d9dl 1; & Y &$ i.&L?-J &
~ b + G q 3 ~ L B ; Y W
d$G .G3 .++&!I 14 + -. y3 LLI . "
+a&&> J h ! a ? : y i & G d I ;~+\JJ
GUJI % ~i kcL
cjij - 'k1 o J ~ i i~ ( +LC.,., I +3p-r~ JAI Li3 .&\ (
'$&J~*.;;.~L~LLP~ - di -., .'ki ajF L 4 j 1 2 - i - w dl3 L W p + k l 9 d 3 &
.,Ul
*(;i4 +I Punctuation &Gill3
i)+& ji gi,C;II &., . U I
.d9+l 2 9 &-I\ e3 L & L ; l l t l cjrd3+&&l~ dJj3
~ ~ ~ l ~ L P ? & ( e l b ~ j
s - _ L S d ; f L J ! ' b b k ! f i - - -
I L W - n r , - .
J!++ di j i 3 - L p ~ t ~
&a + 'bCi, 4 ?* L L * $1;;11
9 3 & o h Y $5 J! J+ L 41.j $ 9 9 & u s ' 4 I '4 .$' $* .dy I.rjWI 4jM '&LLL
' JjIiII JuJl ? . J uLJI &uj
~! i ,~d; ;~a\ I a ; ~ b ~ ~ i - ~
2*11 g - ppLj! -3 &&MI
~ W L i3i.+ J+I + &J'9'dlj '&L+LJl J! ij+.,t
C ',
jj9\ J! ++L;s- 31 ?iJ
J! i ! b9+5'1 LkY ' J W I + .J+J & J9-J
~ L ' r ' & ~ s + L & i P j Graphic analysis & > L I I j*
+ & ‘'% tLJjJ jLi;K i j k l C
'&b&\ ZAy3ij-l
bb ‘ t ~ i l l J+L & -
~ g k ? &I3 .*i jL & d i
J & d + & l ; i u Y l & l + d ~
P; +JA 5~ '&+I 3i -\
+ n ,541 . - i II
~ J L L +iSl ' (Graphopathology) - @b!~J-+3~ J4iA, ~ 3 ~ 4 k l ~ l
+ JY3 .iuuliell LA$' g - $+ 'Graphic individuality wl +J+
p 3 3 f \ j .*% uLJ ;E (Ji -1
'-iL1l w* 2 119+913 d U I - J! ;qWI pL &dl - '&MI
&-I .. hl-j+l - k9-A
JF3 @& + )W . Graphopsychology
,-I -L- ,ki3 chbigfj &lJlc3
;lK l j !L&&lJ~ . L q 4 & $ 1 3
L Z L A L ~ , , Y r i 4 L P ' k 4 l I h
J-&4-I & 4 a \ d k L
;,U-L-L~,.- . LVI C
.& 4 1 -L& - - - k , L . , \ - . . ., , " S , # A ) 8 - - - =.'I3
41 ;i91n db .+I P P -,.L+ iji J ~ 2 O L I ~ L % -
~ ~ + 4 u r ~ d b ~ j i + ~ & d.lPi $&
P s + ijl @ + 4 LK &dl &31j
. O L I J j
iL .UI + ZSC d2i dxj $ L & & w !
t+y w u 9 1 & 4 ;g* l * b
+ I jJj-+ ;i + J - T ~ ~ I aL& ,; u~,$+~+~~i,- i i& -
+;L+JS;IU .L ipi ji
'" I ~ I ' L ~ ~ ; L ~ ~ - G ~ + + L ~ Y ~ + c - s
"+&+&c)(Yq4"'&& - . '" . . b,t?;d
~9- &LS lib LS-\l
'L Ly ~ $ ' b & K GI'J ' 4 L F
b ~2% ~AJ* +wl& ASj - i e 3 lp
t
&C 4-u.. b<L : ; ll + IJU
zJ@\ i+., 'aIj@I hb -L +I
3 .3 plJI & ik ik lL +LC i++l
G g l ? a U 4 3 ' \ 3 - 4 3 ~ 3 4 1
b b 9 'S* aLLg;f' Iku ';A i ~ w l ~ Y L Y I "3 .+JI ~-.i J! - '-&dl &p '4k ~ J L ?W1 && k
bsJ$l $.dl J& Y & .+ j;L3dj+l JLG J k Y j
~ L U . LWI . wG-~\ is, .G,~
.GI3 ' ~ g a j J & e " ~ *
-~Y.~;II ~ Y W I o h 3
.s3& % &&dl & J& +Ju\ - 45& &il l - &+I jl&l ihjJlj - 6, ;14j $1 LW iujs b f l ~
.-;I c . 'u pk j:l~I ;lS Ijp
;K I jb '91 &i iJ- d3+b b J u ~ b i b3;; b &!'LA+
&L! +* %dl . LpcLIl .
+ d ; i l j & d + 9 r ! + ' & J h
' & d l .. ~ L k ; r ' d l j .&+dl .. +;YI
41 .. $ U I cp '+dl L&U l j
pul +A L , g a JAIL+
P>J.L! J% 41 di ~ j - 5 l i j ~
' Religious inistinct WJ -
u &ij L > ~ d ~ j > ~ y ~ +$I - Pokorny: Psychologie der Handschrift. .. .. 4 &K k l s ' & ~ ~ j ~ ~ y ! -J\
A .-&+ u , a ~ g ? 4 ji .:* .:. .:.
V G ~ 41 b&3.03+ L P %
.Totemism J$\ db3 .of
(%+I b& b l j e'y J! Jlpirl +hi&
s b32m,:.;lr4J ;+i .L.L Y #
+~bil~ + 09% ~ l o i ++i 5
I&\ & L A 3 .FLhi;Y13 L U I 3
*$I b~ 41 - LAY^ ~ 4 ~ 1 &MI .. &Wlj -+L.+Yr -q$d&
14 ?+ g 1 3 . 9 J - 4 4 l 3 +dl3
bjJ (jgli;tlj l;31dI 4 3 + d l
d -y+3 . F ~ ~ 3i t J ~ ~
.- - Lir-y23>i - b ~ i lejLp+ Z d I *dl +y4yll
. Empirical &J+\
JS + k L Z o p &is . Experimental
1 4 1 p& $c3 &',..~~~Il J k J l 3 - ;iLz$9&~3 .*L.it" 4' +3 p+& LJ.L-' bLSg .;t.d ' " 1
&I &ii 9 GJ& J ~ J Wuszburg - - %+I LIJJJ ?Li p# *+I
L j d l DL u & ~ - , l ~ - . & d l - .&Jiell y&l,LkLJI rk LL&
& & d l 9\41 &!JJj l&L&Y!3
.G+i J! cbJ + J;;I~ .;;31~
wJ& ~144 3i >1p31 +LJ g a l &JiWI ,sLJ .&"I pU& ckLI l
~ k l +3yJ13 ",,id i j Y L ; t l l l
pJmI $&U3 b i , +3+k
+3+ L 3 J I +3Y3 ,yY' +P
J Y + i)4& I '+A!\ ;pJ., '*>
J! 24' - 4 1 - . L " l - - ijLl+l
&.Jl .. - L S A l l - - . ;+dl ?+ij
& l + i j Y + + & l & ~ u
& L l J d \ u3 .b-f\ &I3 - i j ~ d l 4 -I &"I &I ;-dl - - - & b d I i j L a j + i K + d I 3 L T ~ ~ O O S
$ i l l3 &+I i++IF&-L+dI - $1 -&AALLI i j Y U I (y-32 . ~ 1 3
p L i l l - :&"I &* & (r,-,i 1 I I Sublimation
Sufism ~ s j L i . 1 1 ~ b a k ~ \ 3 p J L ~ C Y I ~ Monkhood -
'j3+iiIIj L-$I z J & j j b G ~ i ~ 1 3
IJL&~ ' j - L g ~ 1 3 > > ~ 154~d~3
& d l >I*!\ 3 ' i j L & J 1 3 JY;YI
~ j L ' d \ > - 6 l & ~ ~ ! 3 ~ l r l G n u f l ~ I~\d'-';'.,b)\~
wA3 ijI+I3 GJwl p\j,kd&
Ch;Ubgtlj ' ; j ~ ~ l ~ +ud13 Wlj
-3 e i L L \ l ' + a 1 ; fl \ ;I I . . . A ; Il
&tlj ,+lSJl3 &+dlj c-+JSJ\
4 & - J \ 3 '*I3 4 d l 3 4 1 3
rjl+&All o h J L ~ ~ ,,aLYl C LUI, - . 6 , ,P c
ukI& p+I &JL+ i)I -3 ~L*$I
6 5 1 3i ,$I i -51 ,i &I 3j L Y ~
Gbl l ; iYI dYJ3 b a + ' d l '+La 31 C L * c
wj&j .>I 15; d*d! dl > & - j&I L+L9&dI+l - (eL
c i f b 9 . & d l .. . w+Ulj rclrLLdl
GI i &.dl r jLdLAd l&4 ys l l
I : 2 . . . .A ; \I J\ . !?I - , -1 3 , i ) L b t l - C 3 Transcendence
';rl+$13 '+$I3 ' S l d 1 3 ' ; j p i l l j
'o-iL~~3 ~ & ~ - f l ~ 3 \ 4 3
c $ d 1 9 +&13 .ij.illj - LIuUI 'J
' G W L d I 3 L41+l13 ,rjGlJAyI3
b J ~ 4 l 3 +>l3 ' J W b J U b 9
6 w l 3 &+&dl3 ,&\dl3 r z j d 1 3
'&L.llj ~ ~ ~ 1 1 9 j 3 ~ 1 9 'i+I9
&+I9 ' J 3 ~ 1 3 L ~ + 1 3 L ; i J J J 1 3
. L A ~ I ~ . j 1 3 ,&13 .cif+13
.eq b Q d 1 3 '5L+I9
4ilJp&G dJ (j* ;i- -+w1 &'I
31 wA1l - j _ ~ .&I + 3 ~ d l
+ JULI - &I i* $6 J ~ I 5
Jpii $ &&J-.. L h I j l & U I &
J!L,UI ,i+w~+,q - l ; t o ~ ~ ~ ~ -
L L U ~ +j -+\dl ji P+ UWI
i & l & bc ..
& j .-dl .. &A1 PA'& - 1 6
h& i+UI ,i L ~ I + g WI 5
L3-i511,;, , ,g i&4~-
P d I -&p i.+ $ &GL+
;i+ &LJl +j L;i- &LJl gx;
c LLI ji JL-I L~ h+ . G ~ I ~ ~ $ 1 L ~ J I
((&A! 4 - & d l A* $4 &I J J d l l *
5
LO& &>'dl ZJ- @Jh3 Lkkf\
uk ;iJy ++ hi sj I* +.i LLULU~S~ .&I ijy bF
~ L j ' d l L3)CCJF A-
LL~, h ~ + - + d-31 - 5 -
4 - 3 - 7 ,rlfl L+&ljb--d\ crf3 I fiwdl - . (Vergote: Psychologie Religieuse)
;iJ,&\I L \ - I I I-,ar; d3 p -
l k l ~ g . ~ l + , . & j i -
bi3 '+L c3a~ 3i &~LI 5
-
&* &I3 11
& + - J l p a L - ~ l i e l ~ C U j
JI +i . &i3 L ~ + ~
J9-+a-t13 ;l \ I , , ; ? t l ;l 2 a n - #,,I . L (
.L-idI William rn ?4?4 *2 . L ;, ( \ 4 \ - - \ A L Y ) James
L ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ 9 1
-I b3+i ~$2 .-+I
'9- *&LJl - &-+dl -
~ I L A L e b I k+ $131 - &dl3 L + oyL &dl (j9 &J3
+- GI LL +WI 4L &i l l - 4 Y U + ir.ir+ &dl + i l l odjg
+Ltfl3 .bk -3 . L (
- - - bi3 b+- ~ $ 1 ?lhell g -
Y
LiLGd\ z q - 1 U I iJ+I &&
.LeL ' j & J .-dl il&%9l
G l J L a I \ -&L!! ;a\ + -. 4 1
4 f b &dlj - &3$1 - &dl - Lfl+lIj
&i3 .L+ d3 i:.n;.i.\\ A I ,! 2"' ' L a JL p++
Intrinsic- 3 Internal-external pUhll 9
L&J;Oll i ) L b ) l 2\ 1 '-a- 1
. . F - -U 4 extrinsic
Primary-secondary + & M I 9 J;YI - &&JI$+l&>LL+>gl& - 3l ' k l i , a ~ + ~ ~ 9 ~ L Y I - 5 b+ bi
> L d l ~ ~ ~ . , '&+3 LA9*
Gdl3 Religion & d l jS4fl
. Religiosity
&d l ;r A,.,+ GkLs LA,& A3
J ~ L I & +I +9i + MI J! +d l +&I I&i,G d & l
.&#l &ulF+!! $lF%! &j
&4 r ; Y l ;r $41 ~ ~ I I LA,.,,., - a 1 -. - &>AK
4 4 9 +I 4 -&A JI Phallic .. - 5 C c;s &I A,.,+ dl-) &4j .GL&_JI > - -
& _ ) ~ Y I &>I -. &dl++!
W L d Y l . \1b&&19&d - L j a ~ + ~ p t l 4 ; ~ L +LLl
~U&JLJIC~;LL-$L - 5
641 3 0 9 ~ ~ 9 Q&g +l>b +JS9
& .+I Q . C JL+ dY19 '4;a)L9 - Js 2 9 - ~ ~ 1 3 ~ 1 3 ~ L ~ 9 j j ~ l
j!i;-?i J-L~4&!9 ..-
p c M
Time +dl cy~=u ,+A + i w L -7, L f l $ l f 6 sense
I b9 - - IM+ bi A &j
, Psychological time eg3&f l +$I
Y $1 LkIj j j JI>LI d l j L C . ihJlj
- Freud: Obsessive Acts and Religious
Practices.
- Freud: Totem and Taboo.
- Freud: Moses and Monotheism.
Ll,2, +JL) - J-iJI, c f U y -
.&.dl @I *J$J
- William James: The Varieties of
Religious Experience.
I + u L ! ++I u;Ys .+3AA.IIs
Time- ++ L&lJh5 , - ) . -
4 d i J S , ~ ~ .?L ,perception %$*
& Subjective time j l d l +dl9 + g l -->I +&I -+>b ..
A GLILII ~ + , A \ I ~ .hi -- + &, +A( J nL,; ,,,, Jr-cLLer .. ..
+j, .>+.LL~ G~-, h3 e ~ i ~j i,& y o W l - +>I+ e L I
@ -& GI& + U I + 3 ~ 3 '+ ~ r ! b, b+iJ~ J3k!, 'z?3i
islJJ!$i "Loy jk$13 . ~ Y L L ~
.+UI + & , TA-3 +A '&Ist, +,,L'X3 l - ' a p ~ +'Lii J3
2 - 'u +>I +\ji &A\ + ~i ,i ,ii+ - - @ +i~ e;j3 @,lg;l~
.&>I ;P @ h i d3 - ' 4 ~ ! 99
(+$I G3 p&+ Y i,&1 ct;?dI3 P
Time- &$I - d l L W - L ? ~
&$\ @ & );YP~ agnosia
O J ~ I 3i 391 +L,AZ\~ .~I,J! 3i
JALLJI~~ WI GL u t u i 5 6 l
&!'+I l j L Y I ddl - LU pljJ d ~ i a LK us 3i '41 e -
&$I I+ j s & l ~ ; L J ~ - ' d g . ~
+d 3i (.+L L ~ i a ~ I ~ I L C - YI ,LIS
e c~ ILL. +i r + 1 3 .+$el( p i,3* ++I3 '+>I y ~ 3 % $41
.?+I &4 +i >$I p,~; i ;y\ -
G~ .&+i &I-i Simultaneous
'b5~bJ! i j91-?9 ~ 8 1 h .& Successive k a . Gj
+\> G3 '.oJ+ $ 2 G &lbLlj
5&c;;i3 i+chaizl . c *&I$ , u p ..
Temporal &>I .. +$I LI t-~
pl W1 3 +I3 e J W l 4 orientation .. 5
. b y &
Kant JP;S Gi U I Jjj9
j311;+, j3iiju ( \ A - L - W Y L )
+ p: ;r?g .dIJJ)U tpg45 +>I
p u &'&$I ilL++l+ 'JUL - -+.I& ~ 9 3 .A time-study 4 1
*>\ &I &Jkd !3 -&kd\
Objective clock &&-I\ ++dl .. .. 5
31 'Subjective time $ I d ! +>I3 time - J+I Internal time &ul +A\
eL1 - C &L>\ + s3 .'&3 *&IJ
&A\ 'ckLI) \ $ 2 3 :Tempo
-+$I ~ 1 ~ 1 dkj-11 ..
&lJi 41 +>I3 'Temporal clock - b2 .Internal clock G b W I L W I
il~;~~ dljj + ++I+ e+~ - ijL;y1 p L&Lc* 41 - ill#13
Awareness of +A& &I3 .&IuL
3\ 'Relation to time +>& &b)G & .. Time +$I .. J-I & .. b+++ wLi l l +3 . J>A\ perspective
A3 ' @++ Duration Time-span C
+I+ d 4 d 1 3 . J&i 2-,
31 Sense of time +dk ,LY13
L l& ,A& .LAy "U .+>I
,+JIU +a\ c4+~ cr.Qw? + J3\ \ 9 Y Y L Piron (jj* &+ -
@+ JL! g +yl-+9J+ J 3 L
& I+\ L~JJ 3% +
Janet 4-t-'L 2- ' u 3 3 ,+dL & &+L o h ( \ ~ Y A )
9 .. ijl-;y\ @I ?- &u . - 41 +J - %4! d L u J J 3 , & d l ~ 3 ~ s ; & +A1 J& ( \ 9 t 7 ) Piaget
Fraisse &p 4% pg3 , JU~I
-91 &+I J&z &c ( \ 4 0 ~ )
L- &I Jb3 iTemp~ral behaviour
@ WI 3i +I g GI&~ a~%w~ ,I a ~ % b b3 .+
i.c &i + jys-f~ t ~ i ~ j
d9&3 d j f i j j 3 +d\
b pm\ j42, &J J I ; Y ~ &3
L g l K ; @j .+y\ j;L3 $ 3 3 Jp
L L b L i L J J 3 L;slj~! i,&
t&!& L ,i Q;UI~+~L! u
h3 'Temporal rhythm +A\
&&I - kiLL1 - 5 J% ++$I
pLbk ?s;i; L- ( \ f n - \ h i f ) +\-!I ++I - 3i .. I ,A> 11
Y +u J?;, L\s -2 &% & 41 tbJyI 3-J .Nychthemeral rhythm
$;;udi & ~ h k ; l +p Y! J-, i - . - . .+ ,i JA d3 .&WI
'&i , i t ~ ~ \ + ~ i ~ ~ - C - L i L & i.0 - - &dl - & J U I - 4 1
~ 9 1 3 ?+I3 -1 - 1 . F + *& 1 ,-;; - ds;k &dl +3 - b & 3
? l j . L t ~ > e + L i i p i ~ ~
.LdAiL a19 & YI ppLb ijg3C;i?
&+hi +dj ~ ! G L ~ L u3 C \ ; , ,,> ;j
+ '&L~?&'+w
b i + .qj2 ji *p AI+
+3 .UI -. g '-,I 1~~~~ 3i a ~ + ~ - C 5
+L~+JF]I *&;+I ?ic2;131
3i &Clock kU13 .Calendar e,+K
+jfl &A3 ,Chronometer +$jfil
*&L j 'h! C;. JU hi 3i .cycles d J 3 ~
&dill - &)11 .. $ 9 1 ~ .Temporal horizon C
AK;! ?3ul &uI 45J+ ( j l&
dX3 .&MI j ~ 9 - $91 ..-LI>~~+I +91 +L\ I d $1 +I g LGi u3 - a Y Y 2 ~ L Y W aJL3 &LLji -+13
; & e k , & ' 2 tbJ!J!,JL;II -
pe-3 p-3 eg"4 p J\P$~ +L + et;;;3 I?LkLJ pBJ3Cijg
Y 1 J)L; ++i ;,IF3 eg"-3
I d 3 .0JLg3 & .. LL
> &Ulp - e k i i & l & w I
. ~ L L o@i -I a~~~
& - ?u~;;YI +L+i p3
?PO L+ .L;~I+~ ~ ; u , i
Y L ~ ' j s l ~ & & p ~ & +
d 3 b~w13 Pi & $J*
r& dK3 id41 Ax kL +A
O A 4 1 >$a3 - J! U S
2 u J L i , 3 ov W%?L &L2 &s3 ;s% 64 IAU A! - ?491 4;uL i;L +- $ d l y91 .& ~ u ) Physiological clock +ga,i.l"l\
+ sJi3 2-i ~ f i (L+
(Siffre, Michel: Hors du d$ ~ 1 ~ s
eJwI - @LW - C I d 9 .Temps)
W J?;, &&LC +& A\. .. tL\ - c 31 C
Pavlov A+L &I-! p is--- - - -
3i 2-1 . . . GIA-,I J- UYIU
eL1 - 5 p , ,&L+Yl
+A1 eL;Y\;ro*;&WI .. +dl
+jJI $il3sll yj .+&dl C
dI pu #I &31i-J13 p & J 1 3
J+L -dij .+$I
&I-;~I UL~; bij . k ~ ~ f b ~ . C
t~y13&;dl +I i l l 5 I&\
>;dl3 'Ibj LAI .- ~ 4 1 u t l + ~~91.91
JI&I g g - ~i + .L&b I
Pressions Lji& +j-U S--%,,
:+P
- Fraisse: The Psychology of Time.
+ +I e . ! J . 2 - 4 4 b p L P
ck-;?w% L hjkil &I$\ w.aIl
'ji 9% bJ3 .OJL Value system
P oJ3:-, L. Values +I
~ ~ S L + ~ ; , ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~
&a9 .liii+L I& l&G3 liiGJ L&JL
c k s 9 q ~ ~ ? ' j s ~ - l 3 + ~ ' j i &
Ls (+3 d b J.2 9 'j! ' j S I &L;;
4 3 5'j.IIb4l9 ' jd3J l yj?,
&+%l y;s ald4 iJUpj
~ L U ~ J el3 $ 4 ~ L;+L~J
Determinants dw Lul a l~ 'd1
-+iJ JS ;, &&i ~ g ; 9 .of behavior
dg;uj 'Jl - c+b3 - '$l2g o+13 -+L3
'+&I G+ 9 9 ' 0 & J J l J i l ~ W l
Gi d j h i +JL %+ p3 .value
J'G 3i &+ ~e;s r&%\ -- L I J ~ - . -- Gi3 . jL! & + -
P c
J&+ i)\ L+ Exchange value
+ j ~ & g . ~ s ~ i i r . ~
oJ ,:..dGi & L a $ , , , A ; ;\I - - . -
.b ~ 9 ~ > 3i +J + F ~ h ~ 9 o h G3 b'A'"e . - - 'b $3
,i e ~ + + ~ p 4 41 j Ld-X+ - os$id.+ LLfbk4i;if13.~G33j-t4 - &I; L&Js3 .r+& - y b Y \
~~ l j + l+ j j ; 41 ; i c -L iC
d j & +l -3 .+dWj +b.,L,,\&hWYZ!
La, l, 9 Affective Vs. &l+pl!
e~~:&~,lj,J .&k\>+i> -
l+ ijfi A\ ~ f b Conative Vs. - - p i +3yL"J\ J: #--:I\ & UWI - . C
, i~ ;e l~~. , ' " ;~ : ;~~\~ ;H+~'L-,
Personal 2 : hJ\ e+dIj ! & L Y I .
?b\ G&I;JI 4 VS. - - +&'dl +\3 .&W3 ~UUL.+ . .
4hg J ~ I & & Social Vs.
*Ad' ,413 . w W ' + 0 s 'J!
G U \ +2 b d l 3 w3e wul . ~ j 4 i L &2 J+Jl kLp (jl Uj .&CC<4dlj
& & + p \ @ % L J ~ ' & ( + J l P
-3 .;+UUI
Negative b+tI ~ $ 1 4 -&dl dil - C
P W +dl p L a &-J .phase
.LL
LL -. Positive hl-! +I3
$\;?I i;U h ~ 4 ~ 1 ~ .Negative
+ 2 4 1 +J L GWI kiu -. .+ &%I
$1 &&'dl pA1 ;..s . + L a ' &I>
.~c;darl :3* \+I \+xi&, - .;j\\3 L d U I , .llg3\ll
LL;& ~'di 'd l y L s . ~ l d I j
.JL+I 3i ~1-u &I 3i . ; r j ~k~ J+ Gcs-'Lell - Lid&& -
&I .. d i i 'd! .Material values l q~Ul
pill o L j Y l i,& 21 & \ d l
Lp3 .-&I;, Religious values G A l l
;$ .y&hl o h C;& d A l +& J&
. i a & &JU\ +I ~ J W JA P
' +%~%J~~pGJL*9 Theory of labour & d l -@ ;t+
*-&.4&l
\dS h y yK;" p-4'3 .. >fi yi3, 1 ,A. ! + j ; . . i+ 41 ++I ..
;+I a w l *j .++I!
>- i;( JJWI sj .el tJL+
d.I+ & &sfp ;id3 ;isz13 -- 'Y:,AA? ;& -I o h Ji-9 & d l
9 d l 9 &Absolute preference * I
&I .. L i&; +L3 'kLL A- & i l l .. P
i' Ukj Jr;g 'V. cluster @ &j JS;.
;r d l -. + ;& Ln 9 Biological Vs.
UL\dlj Z L \ d l +gt (.L2\dl
..pu+L;,Ce,skk,Jm\dl
LA JI j L Y l JS > +I &L3 ZJ - - .. d,h; @ +* &;L\dl \&*L -
- - L &A3 &e7111( & &A3 $u - dj & +I $iL3 & ~ ~ Y l & .. ~i & + &I.I +s3 &GI+ JL
i - u ~ k ~ j + i + ~ l > - 3 0 .. .
3i k_plgu~ ~ i * 3i ,+I b y &I +I 3i &JUYI .. z~~~ u m Lglpa-13+2 1jL
.d.I+ll&+ -.I.-.
b s h Moral Vs. +I +i13
NOBILIS 100
J I ~ C 4~ bJo u WI + e4 +?! 2% 0-3 .& '&'A91 wWl
*w L L b a fiGIy d! pu s3 b ,
-UL 3i & JA bi .Envious rivalry
Sj b - j L C L L ! ( & j - .. dj
& LL!L)WI ;L-Lbl$L -1 ;rutu?
L J! ~ J J J .Lurellj Wkll P
.Class-conflict b&ll tl+L -
.LL!IJ+I + j&II +IJ3 i,& G3
J@l 3: G m I @ j&II +$
~ Y ~ ~ ~ . S L Y J I j ~ i i @ ~ , z l ~ 2 A2 L f d - !I ~~~i~ .;JWI !
+ JL+k+ J+ll LlL".,..,
'Lo;lI & dj @j LrlLUWI * P l
.L..llstl +Y3 - Iddll+lt GLjjJI ;j_)lJl& d l +JJ
d l +3 ij! J& jl . ~ l x l l +
b+ +LJjJl i)LYJJ bb .&I p h L 4 l &c b! JA3 . * i L i ;-L bCk -
@ -3J-6 fib 3-3 +&u3i - - J ~ ~ p + c w ~ - &$&dl +I &4 t+ d l 3 .&
+ + j ; i , . * % > k ~ 4 i i ~ ! r ~
:&P
- White, R.: Value Analysis.
- Allport et al.: A Study of Values.
+ &+ &IJ +i Envy d l
b~~ +I & UI ~~s hi LWI
6 0 - &iiupg rlLUW1 &.. -4
+Jh 31 t* 0-
J& ;r J+ .I13 += bc & - ;)?dl3 ' & W I ?LC3 @1L
&.I ' -2++!J l+ J-I ~3 ijp ~ I d l - .p.dl3 p&13-L+Jl
+ '.-MI ;, ;+I L& i&
+I Y b L is . r !$J I i d L J l 4; 8 I , . -
. . + +L ;, d j 3UI . I 1 9 I;-l
o L &3 - ~ L d l hi?! "+Lii!! - d>l
eL+&;llkL,d3&aMl
JSa, ~39 i)K3 ..bJ !'b . d l
&LXI J- , Penis envy i . . . ; : l l
rP.J$.illdi 6 j~ , a + 1 9 -
LYJ= i)+2 p% iJ$.ill+ 9
p + J + g x W l 9 - c L f ; J ' Q L G
@!,L+ $1 tL I l d+1 LC\+
; I L Y & -A - ~ l> i i l d+
bi jii +3 L ~ ~ + ~ ~ 9i b b a t l gj
>I9$ Normal ksl &L d&JI ckP; - iL: L& G 9i .&WI J + ~ ~ +LC c L l L. Llir Abnormal
4iL Luis d+I iLLP; d i g ',Wl
.Disordered behavior
9 d 9 L t l p J ~ I 4 9
c;jLLJl cj@+ S L Y 1 LgiQ1l - Frame of reference -9 jLl &SJ9 - ' d n I l \\q++&l cjLb,L?JW
JL - ,i - d+ >w19 C C
+I ,bI 41 j i b Ideal behavior
b*9 -a! eg;b* ;l;) ; JJ - 4 - 131 cj*l;iif\ 3% (JA xu!
vL i,+32&4 '* "d J-IJP+W (%&b# J j b j PJ!~J!
d s u l + * L - l l ? i f p 1 ' 9 .+k
9+;1~~i& - w LUY-
$%xLdl &j ''AlpJI LJZ-
&+id! J\>% ah\+ 4 - 2 3 1
u3 .&b- 'd l - +u G>J
- Klein, M.: Envy and Gratitude.
- Russell, 6. : Dictionary of the Mind.
- Freud: Introductory Lectures an
Psychoanalysis.
L $9 ;iilJlp Norm jL_u-ofl
i*;\ L3 'bj3J J?S + c&$\ + j*-
CI 1 4 1 ' i i p9 , k j J u LI i , & d ~ ~ j + ~ s i + ~ -
h &J di (jE o h J+I
+ Mental hygiene
Social and psychic b ~ l n ; l - 3
.ekJ +L ,i p + b 3 ~ 2~p'd~ a 6 9 1 +)&11 i;l d+ 4jb&13 L ~ I b j a &!I - &j@l
aL9l bb l * U l &j+WI . ((Ego ~ $ 1 ) ) ~ . * u l o b p &kii Y
J! y2-~! ((Id 41 D & 'QL &I - 3
* L a 3 . 2 3 d L L+ Yj i U I
p~ JL! & .J& P
Norm Lj G3 ?~Lp;j Y 4~i. u13
b U l i l 6 Yl C Y b 2 L 3 .cluster
I jb ,&L;, i1bk 9i 52- -eP
J-! 'd 2 d I crf& ;1b +jL;i;
3j il~~+~ +L + , bi C
bl'& ++l3 .w . . I alygal
J+ -1 ,i ~ k j ~ J.JJ
. 2 l p C ~ X i d l J&l
-+&YI J)c; eL; e L J j-1 3 .Social upbringing
+I9 1 1 j I d 5 .+lk + b9 bu &k3 -. r ~ d ~ t ~ l
K 'bI& g - 'id3 L W W &
9 'id3 + ,i '@L.+YI - $+I 3i .4f -kl.vrf\ i j k 1
J+Ld4 iii; dill - La
SUL L k i G,~
&+I - *WI >i +ulgzl13
&*ell & l+ i;i)l tl+ $I+ &I -
g .. b 2 ~ i j ~ b9 &a3 '41 -;s bi Y! u +L + Y ~ i & ~ . ~ + , . L g i j d j - g j- i ;ald+~+w&ij~ .. -
+$I + ij& (& +3 '+ li-91 ,WI ~t - . L u i ;ciL iji * ~ Y I ~
*'L i j E 3 9&3 -1 + LAi&h$+A~LdJ+iiII3 .. - 4 - I l j J l A
- - . - ~ a 4 l C ~ a L l -
& . ' a 1 &+I3 .LW d i A u
~3 ap b> . . $1 Psychic pressures - &b&bi;rek;!&i;,+ s, isikll;~el~ -;-a! ks .&+i
'kr-,..kjJP9i+ d icLG&&l *
,i . J ~ I 3i .>+I! -
-qL, ,Lj ' W I t 4 l L g l L
&is ''u J ~ I ijls IL! +u 3i ' i9-- 3i ''L 3i -e. i j ~
";L 3j '+y& L... ~ & 4 ~ L'UJ 31 - & G I 3 .&MI tl&kg ?WJ
2 L d l .-&dl dl & Lal~W13 L+lL;i;ll 9 - &3U
o;wj .-&$I3 "&La13 - '&+I3
'$I 33-43-3 J3+3 J+
'+ ~ - " i + ~ 3 - - 4 4 f + b j
b 3 ~ ~ & j ; S J j + & b j
&dl$& &IJ3 ;iJ+l+ 44Li;;
' + L + Y l jF$l ;, bAj
&U$ - U Y l &JLYI++~~
LiLk 1 1 j U S 3 'eJlilL3+I
$1 - * W I 3 .&+PI y ' ,.=LmjYI - +3 '+I p - k & d 3 L&J;LI;I
i ; ; ~ b , ~ ~ ~ ' , a ~ ~ ~ - 4 4 Lg! -i)l & +19A JUkirl
J&J 'LCLS;; 4 +rn 'U9A1l G-4 I-i.L_o ij& +I -
Institutional & dJ\iidl xL*afl
+ *& Y 4d3 .kt;m13 Ns.
,i ,y g .. 'u O ~ L A ,WI
& L l j L 3 ' ~ ~ 3 2 + A L & +
4 ; ~ ~f -1u1 GLLSP~I 3 ~ ~ s i ~6~
;i rl?q ,&U ++I ,... L - d , , 2
&A s3 $41 o h wJb + iLUj bi J-k-\~ 4\41
&a G d l ;& A3 .L+ 223-
+gS; f j - dLyb; cy+ell ilL-
L+I - . &+I - + &I !h3 M 9 1 G ~ t
I j! Y!p(gl? 'd Structural freedom
.;;L, p - L ~ I 2~+i d J ~ - Js p ~ i ; ! X L j ' p y L - J&z3 b- yCLefl -- &4 illjLLj 2 9 -
-& ;)L+Q( h L ? 2 & G2S4jI ++I ;ig-I o L n j
zC& -&LA &! & 5 JAlLd13 .. - 'dJj >;LJ~ d\; - J+ LJd! h l h ! - +& i l ~ L & - L4u xLdl ;;4
el r ~LJ I L j *U 'I+JI - C +=\I~
k ~ d ~ ~ ; ~ 4 i 5 1 ~ ! ~ b ~ f ~ - ~
W W & L L JWJ I h Ji. J! e" ; $ J , .b91 ;i J+ &+LI L j ~ t J l j .'h -Ym! y L d I - ;y3 .Conflict school e l 4 4
: (+y
- Sherif, M.: The Psychology of Social
Norms.
- Stouffer, S.: Communism, Conformity
and Civil Liberties.
JS Life goal ;L_l A- :p 'L- - - .Age life > M I 0- 3% fl- - Life Cycle &d\ .. i J g ~ s;ls ( ~ Y Y ) A G ~ ~ L S bi $L2
C
&>3 '~3' WJJ + Jg' J , + ~ l I .. , I r i3 5~ - 11 Jlgbi
' 9 J l ~ g r Y e b i ~ k ? c j ~ " ' + ~ ~ d d J b + & -. . - u f - u l - . - (Biihler & Massarik: The Course of
kt+l .wgru3 y3j3 - - I d OL 2 , Human Life) - .-&+dl3 &$I3 & d l 3
'er l - C &;&dl sl-'1113 d+l&
&J+4 JL L81;L3 +Id1 a IpJJ3 9 *:* +:*
G * ~ J I LUL G ~ i d3k3 ';&I
F J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L J S & jI+;dI JL iWI i j j~ J~
$+ c+j d3 .&LA1 - - z-113 >I - $LC!\ 4 bLY1 be 41 - I ( \ 4 7 ~ ) Buhler J\ '-& dk \3 d + L W L ;&I ijj' p'ii Jc
~ e ; ~ & i JG &lr. ,i j~+i -u J! J! J.& -j3 .Life span ;&!I iL
.j\+i -+ &! 1-7 &LJ1 ( \ 4 0 9 ) E r i k s ~ n i , ~ L ~ ~ !
J! ( \ 9 L O ) Sullivan bL&ly3 .jl+i
~+'111 OL .$! .j~ghi L
UL~! . I ntentionality Z+.l
Life a b p,+kL, igl & i i .Teleology P
I.-o. ;b e&,Z j& 9i 'organization
f l ~ 1 1 3 . jkij!w L3 'petterns - +L;U - i@I i j j~ L l j ~ G! 3%
~ ' ~ . ; 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b i
+ G I 'LL?Apdl 'JL &I
G 3 ~ l I .UF.Jb . c 3 2 L ! 1 3
iw\ ijj~j .&+I i+i3 'LJHI~
@Jh +&ii Evolutionary I.c. ; t j & i J l
,bl;'dl 3i 'Life history $wI ;&
Life Q_;s dill - &+Ij
;Gxfl sj32 J* &+ G 3 .course
3i 'IL$+ - . . Life-cycle analysis
L ,++ . ~ L L 3i 'I- 3i 'L+LI . 5
. rife style a w l ++i -
J99 .Originology Jgk;l13 i C k U + i W I iJ32 3i ~LJL p - h-99 & - 4 I I..; Jl+91 4-+ ;IL)U
+ ' Psycho-sexual stages &,+dl
Oral stage &+ - l J+ l (j& d l
@I + '@I 9iUl + A ~ j & j J l -
LilL dL-l par JPkll & " 3 9 w . - C
J&~ ~(jliui)~ - i- (hi r(t13 ( j ~ J+ w . e ~ ! ! 3 ~ ~ ,,L~
# I ~ ~ I & C ~ - L & U
o h 3 J'ul p w+3 ';irLLJ13 - -91 ~ J I L . -&J &+dl
L. p 2L;;dl3 L 5 1 ~ Y l 2 - +$I3
&ill &s&l ijl2LJl 3 3 .* 'JmJ "
i U I & + ~ j g ~ ~ d ~ P
+dl3 U l ‘@L L)A&* Jl - @3 .&w9d!13 ~ l J u l y b k -
;j.li-LUfl+ 2 Anal stage e+lI $1 - a&+ i U I &ji J&Jl+ -cwl '@L -k &I p ~ ~ 1 3 h ; d !
ij@dI 3 &%hll L C cl+'dl (jgLg
&& p L A 4 oJ- b dsSr $1
ko-k;dl ~ l r ) r ~ f c t s l ~ - r ~ \ d l - C
& + - 9 ~ j J + l & i k ; ,
b lJdd l kLpj .awl y '+Ill
c+l Ly 9 Adolescence stage -
L A 1 9 @_J( j j s ? j e-fl
JI LA1 9 Genital stage +kII - .. Js;, i+919 aptdl c h j le,s i,&
+I + &$ Lrjl 6 . LWI9 L&K
O L A ~ .+UI 9i +w h9&f +$I
L a 3 r;Ml Z J j J & W I ~Sf&Ltl - +43+ &&J@cg.;1;+ 43-k
- * i,L &\pJl d&d9
h A J ! LLrnj 2 9 .bL- GsL.9
3. '% 'd l 'I& + @ Lrj!
-91 &&i ~ !~+-~gp y ~ i
k L ~ o s ; c & L a 1 3 . U l &W
e Js ~~, Jl - d l L y : L J I - Basic trust versus basic mistrust - d l
k L b d ! . ~ i i,L + (stage P 9 u~ p +9 .i,~k& JAJI
.,WI A .iuj F A WI G
2*,i-z,..: (d 4 4 3-;, L & A L L k i . + L J 3 L L b ~ 1 p i , w I -
.d+ + wl;nj ?ir\ &&I .. e;e& -&yJJ -Z&L;;AfI ;br;LJ\ &+Ij
i-,,bpp~g--~~;r~- .. . C
C
,Oedipus complex r; & &Z
&g u + JLL~ bi &*..I
++ s3 .ki + J ~ 9 b ~ i +I
u LA . - 2 9i o+ + $1 9i +31 L dj2 L&& % d9L
Castration FL-&dl r ; . l LJJ+
b b l b-J +9 .complex - &+I d& 7 ; y3 - ,;ln tL . - - JM 41 ~i , .d UL --I ... -
bi 31 +L . ad\ -.- L ~ I LB_LLI
diSJA &dl - L l g 6~&4dl+ && 4d
.~41+*,~s;~14i bi L+-G
bJ+ dj ++.J ,.;?nl jiX
Jjk 2 3 'Inferiority feeling 4 4 ~ ~ ~ U - i , l s s ; ; ; L , ~ j + i p & j ~ i
.aL3Li.= g - JAG3 'j-u &j -*LA 4 L“dJL.!\ &I 41 G3 -
Latency i,+l ;iLp i,+ kkLbl+\ -
C
i,! i,9LfL &+.-A & ~ h j (period
~ g r i 9i ( ~ g j - -*I r~9sl~
&L43pk l ld&&&%~
d l &! d d JY;Yl &.J L& Y - J Ia&I l J+i L -. L p ~ ~ ~ Y ~ ~ l
+y+ J+~ IL ~ y - . , . , '+ui
6 L JY 3 6 ,,+I u ~ i bss-lc9 + I ~ I & d l j .+ LL+ ji + + Industry +!I &lk. *&I Z L P :&
"
i, p ;G3 versus inferiority stage .. bi WI e9 ' k w J ~ J+J
b b ' d ! J& + &;d &--2\ -2
J.AIl +LC3 '+&c\d13 2A13
;r + +L OA d;lkii
i,+ - 1 4 1 +, &j '111d;~YI - &lk. L J I Lyr :;t(YOLll &_)rojl
lndentity versus confusion &%'dl
'YJ! dsg3 -1 .J ; l +
' stage
;..s '+s ji q4 0~~11 ~ k f i l ~ JIX!
.;id1 ji -LU
&ti l j ! 'd! + 'd L J ~ L LbLy13 + p ~ i ? ~i ji ~5 LI* JAII
&+in ji dJ,ss3~ - Jjlr6 ?MI 41%
j l j~hl &%13 . J A I I Lp
; jd I +k3 JLg L&,
& di* J.'Lkdl ~ 1 1 Lj- (Jl LtjC
ijky dIJJ! ;r * ',JLJlJj 'di... - .d da\J13 & L>rrLijl
cAa l LLr. + : - L J U I L p d l j
LB;r4 b ! $1 @ :+?99 -L;C %?.+I
'zl,y3 ?W+"d '& J L l l ,J&
iJ;L*&j;if* - " dl:, dJ$ lib &I& J& + i &dl3 LU& + +i I jb ,elill OJj+ 'L
J d ~ j ~ ~ k l l .. ,J&-!k aL
- 1 ; i - L L Y L + 'cr;;;lI p z L u +
&hJ9 . 4 F u 3 &!,)G 2 &I3 0 - d l . . 14 &A\ & &c ~AJ! &La j l i l l - JYLiiuYI LLya
Autonomy versus shame d l 3 & d l
& : d i l l & d l 3 .and doubt stage "
& M I ~ 3 - L l w l &'jG'Jl - - & ~ a i i 2 ~ 1 - .I++ Initiative versus guilt -2J4 J+I
y i ) g L i I I @dl + b3 'stage
, l + ~ J ' ~ j ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ + ' d ~ p l m ~ > , 1 L , ~ w & l 2 : , - . ~ l l i k , ~
41 b e j d;hi xF A ;MI
ip t+,Al +j ljb '- i j l J b
i i ~ 9 1 irL +jcb - ~b 5 &i
+zFCui u s + ~b , a J 2 ~ 1 3
' ~ + ~ + + i ~ - ? p - l i ; ( ~ ~ + '3L A2 '6 p '& &"j
w . -
i& d o h .. +I &JA~ ..IJ+JI~
& & U I &dl3 ,Noon of life o w l
L3 ,+I &I L : ~ + l l iL, + ..
: $ I 3 I L y J I 9 .+I 1+1
9l Old age stage "&+I CP) .. I Wisdom stage -1 ;iLp - , i r l jsk l l J\&I3 ,k;gdl
'&LA1 e d ~ ~ 9 'G+l Jwg & a ~ J t k ~ ~ b i d i L+d~pt~~~j - +J+ ' a l d l &sLj 'JAW
.jI&l3 j u l & b& &A1 - 0 3 s j J p L S ; , - j Y L L J l J U 1 9
W( Lrf! -3 r o 2 - 4 '!-dl-9
&L&U9 . & U I + +Wl
+W19&UI &'+& J S Z S S S ,i .& JL W~JI a~s;l~9
+ G 3 9 9 3 t f l ~ ~ & ~ I l h p z
+i b9 ;@I 4 hi9
cflf i Lil il.kx;i A3 'OLJJ L
L;I FiT~3 ,w13 ,is ilLbL-1 5
'&l & +$ JS ;LS9 ik U
b J A ,.L b p l l o h ,, &a9 C
Integrity versus ,@I &LL &W1
& - ,kl 9 'despair stage
e 9 ,L i~ l+ l +i9 Maturity stage
JIj_t;Yl &Lka kLF
&L+ , Isolation versus intimacy stage
a~~~ A Fu~ +I+I hi
4 9 '+I9 i l L I d l & -L+'sdI .. .. & ,jLg G J J 4J Lg aG%
I ~ I 9i ,sb++ ~ i b , ~ ~ ~ ~ 5
jjAI , ;I9 '4 ;rJ d J j J 1 i)c * + ~ & o * 3 ~ ~ ~ ' & ~ ~ l
~i s+2, JI+YI +A+ & I- L& && il l l l )CC &*Zd& 4J 'j&
b r J ' 9 . e k " &ig@vkvgF ek]I&L;Yl,Lr;Yl L J A C P ) - :+Ul
' Generativity versus stagnation stage
J p r l b$L ijj b+'LLfl - . +ill . &L&
&4 &+ j&I &C i j J ~
big .~ay+4~0i l4 i (~~i~~+jd1
;tf+&~&i~~i&~++i~g&L+
jXiji3 Ljz+~ o h
+ ~ l g ' 4 ~ 4 4 @-g~yi
iF$l & J i)cj '415 d i + >Ul
I 41 J#GjUI,;~l9 c9 ;+ J GL, &i - , iYt l c k ~ ] ~ ~ j g
IQL-hill I W I \&I9 J & l l
115 NOBILIS ( \ ) 41 el9 /I + - iL_LLYk; l l -4~~ .udl
- Erikson: Insight and Responsibility.
- Erikson: Childhood and Society.
jLpdl 4 Equilibrium bjI$l C
31 2-i-l ULII p Homeostasis
*&I. ;I; -. 11 ilj~g;p 3i ,g2 11
9 - ++ djl$l lj-.j4;-L "IJL4
@st+l ' 5 W ' JL ij l lJ l
-*,MI -&J\ - '+13 b-f13 - -
d i g LQ.Q-LS iJIp +a LUG+ :,132
srJl& & L4j~ljb +I+ &LAi
.~JlJ!\dg b 1 2 'LUI ddl -
Jl 5 . 'U i j I p 2I&&I j
. a ~ ~ T~~~ 9i 2J& ?L ~i
t & ~ ~ J& b p JI&I d9 - ' l L > L ' k l 2 - . - ~ : i , ; , ~ l
-i; . i ij~ I ;L,-; ,,,, 9\ , k12 +
C" C ) . - . - +J&L~&ddld+I ..
3i UIJI G L ~ + ~ d l 3 .w lF i
Reflex actions -1 J k b l .L +iAI \ & j j ) 9 u d I - .kG chi- & L b s f * l
--jl+l 2 L Jt8.,Ll I --\I
&! 'U bi >I - G L ~ ~ I ~
J+ bt &'G?I j&J9 .+ d+ ,GYL +i 2 3~ r+ -
Ad3 ' i j Y U I o h & J;;sLJJj
i I I L I>! ?*
i 2 ~ 1 4 i ' i + && JLJI 9i JLJI
Restorative 4f &IS +I\ bjI4ifI ;ifL - I i I;! i J ~ & ,action
4--~;1\ LL~ ~1 ! ?+ 9i dl-
J Y z . 1 I+ i,$& ;I. 1 : ;; ,,,. A9+
9 .. &jl$I ;ifL A 23 41 .. .?L JLL 41 .. bj19ilI 2 .. 9i +I +&A - *L+YI - 5jlg;lI - (jj\9;1l9
b b ~ f f - &LL+J~ 2~pcw 'L+i
.* + *WI
1 U-1g &Y jLy4
JL ,& &LI - ~ j l 4 1
(Cannon, W.: The $1 9 ~ ~ $ 1 -
9 \ 9 Y T ki, Wisdom of the Body)
QAI di YL 'LPJ~-II J&
-41 - yaJl pG g - A X
k l u l & 9 Y-9 ,Cybernetics
b+ bi b-+, - +J\ - i J ~ ~ l
'% +I bi + + ,&I - ;;WI
i j l p +JJ A i , ~ bi w%
'a..,.., r v S; ;ll-;y~ 9 p3
4 , L - ar3"-& 9i'- +j; ~lls +I bb A> & L-.-;;JI lib .dl>
6.1112 + fiLji;k& J! 'u ze JS .au\ a ~ L ; . l JI
&Y A ' 9 1 J - 4 +i. r
i& + A s &All + $91 i,& A3
?+k 4 y - 4 c ~ L +a B J I ~ I
W L - * / l t ? l l & b $ * ~ J - J \
'Jci oJlr;f& ,Cerebral cortex
P! ipkJl o h A Ss &&%dl C
h\ & Heterostasis A U l (jjl+l
+s &4 #kp, 419 I j l -&;dl
S d . .. , Forestalling action ;l jl+l
GI+ y*jL ~-*ijiS &9j&J
'wlj , JLQI &+
$I9 &c L A . + &i;s
j L ~ s d 1 y! b j P l
j L w & l ji LPhy~iological h.
& ,& WlA Static h. & L J l -
+ d l d+l G&&l 'Jc j*
Behavioral &+I jLF+( - .Dynamic h. -&dl 3i ,h. -
5 P G L J A L&b+ L&++id~~b L g 3 1 j & ~ + j u L ; t P f + ~ -
.GJLI 3i bjlgl 2 h 1 C -L - JL ;IL Imprinting tL1?;111 4 3 ..
C
~ ~ - 3 ~ ; r . c * b ~ ~ m , k ? ~ C C
41 b4jg 'bLI d* o12 J j 1
u LLL'd..! ' + A 3 ;I$ L+l b&
I j ! Y j l ~ ~-~tg.;.+l ~Lt,~i$
.&A\ Y -
4 - 1 ,..7 tl L l+ l &ld3
aL* &%I+ *LFdll
Baseline ,L! - L db3 ~ ~ I I
d L ;p & 2 3 '&91& .. d+2
L ; i ? 3 1 d ; a a ~ + p ~ ~ s f ~ a - - . - i&.GiJl -I* c" - - 5* WL
Jl bL2j lib '+L JS b& !>I
a - - 6b L ALL eJi (9: '3%
U L J I &$I & G a l a&c &
& .. JMb 'Negative feed-back
$1 ,LQI ;Y! ;+I
Z J ~ \ bck j ~ & L ? t \ J-
& d l +jh u3 . & + u I
~ ~ L A - - ~ ~ + ~ Y Y J I -
y Y3. J s k #I - & k i l l z w ~
ZJL &I J + U I j W l & - JS+ w~;irl~&~i&~;+
Js-i. & - $$tlj &$I a@I3 +I &4
& 4 S s ~ 3 ~ + ~ 3 ~ j i ~ e
;4;LFggtl ?GLS.++ ;*all o h
'd h3 $LA :hi! 3glj .&A&AII
.bj\gI L+ 4 - 6 +
;i;rldl -&I a \ ! ;'aht3
I i I JGI ~ ~ l x i u \ d
+& ;+I aLlidl J.4 9?z&
Environment m\ .. .
P w ~ t l I Q L p w L - ..
9 ' 3 - 1 4 4 -1 L 4 3 9 c w J:< , : z & J d ~ j ~ . ~ i ~ ~ - -13 *&+ +.+3 4 7 : - r
&dl L Y l d Behavioral e. - - +lzj@p&"+J b 4 s g , -Ipll4L+
-+iF p - "-r]~i 3i &+ c h ~ i
U I 'JL3 . & I 4 1 ' A ( 1 - . . - . - .
e' Environmental demands
Z&dlc+ k + & I d \ : * ~ d ~ d . - - I - kr* Tasks r'b 3I + I L L dj 4 & - &lg13 .GJLhr3-@E3 k&!3
&& d Environmental factors W I - ;jWl p ; & d l &lgrl13 Aj&l
+I eLg .+jL ip &I - -
:&Y
- Fletcher, J.: Homeostasis as
Explanatory Principle in Psychology.
- Ashby, W.R.: Design for a Brain.
- Apter, M.J.: Cebernetics and
Development.
- Allport, G.: Personality: A
Psychological Interpretation.
*:* *:* *:*
Z+ly%.dl &+k+ ji+&A
+ ~ p l l dJ+ !Operant e. ;tlclkll
&I 3i L-II LL p +I* +YI -. .. 3 Perceived ~ j d l & J I p
i,& L + Conceived e. iJ&&dl
+ J ~ l 3ia~J+*2+~dd
A &9;x3 - bi 'XL, ,-I
L U ~ 115 +I+ A -~ , i , ~ 3i +jLk
.'blF3 p 2 b l &j
&I L L -. Ak)C;, . L i L Y l .. ; i A L f 1 3 -. - i,i 2~+9~ t ~ 2 ,+T + .. GL j~~~ ~gl;j - C, - 1 9 \drs bL+1
.#l3 c-Y19 t d 4 9 6 & d 1 3
&& $1 Biome L3~11 U13 -.
a J-! i,sS-J9 , Ecosystem &I Id;rrll( - +Jl .2 lp i r l d+ & GI&
+ d l U l ifb Neutral e. i + U I -. -
pG t+ y% Environmental psychology
;t\rL;;;rl aL)Crll eJ* & d l L)yp;fl "
d l u13 -. ~h-1 3i 21p;dl+ .. . .. 5
-9 .*i,3-+3' Lezs;rs+I.&
' , .d lpLaYLy. ;PJ&)1+
L ~ ~ Y l pL2.j l + L L + Y l
+3 .&Wl (eGg &!+d93+913 F + gl ethology &d+Y13 - 5 , i j k J I
P -1 p j - 1 e";".., .-I tl+l
Physico-social +LL! &JL -& J! jJl +I ak2L J5 +3 .e. - -
a13& Li,LcW bdl+33 I-L3
a?LI+.dl J;Lj9 +LyI
&cL+l LF G3 6 J L Y I j
+ i ,U l & Jaj Bio-social e.
&& G9 'fie1 i,!+lj 4 1
Psycho-social e . & k l
&\( bJ3 .Nature-nurture problem
'L, &&tl .. J-31 4 GI,pll - 5~ ~ L Y I g - ~i Y I J+
'La2 u l 3 -. ZI,~I ~i u g .. &b3 JA 'L L-) .. $K i ) L Y l iJi
C 5
C&3 '$&JJ$L;, 613 'G ddl
a+iIi3 -L& dg @j
+ d u .UL L - -. &+is .UL
a l & L *pLhij L i l l d l 'jA
' i ~ Y y l & L JI al$L!l o h ~ J ~ ; ~ J
~ X G U I - -. ?ggkncji wi,+3 .Uterine or prenatal e. U l ...
&,.,I +L\ + >i - 5
I l l 1 - - . 11 al~.ll~ .J--11
Lfb Environmental determinants
Je l +-ijJlgkeuWl - L g j l & a
b k - t > 3 ' b U , i : , ^ - 1 . .
-JI3
ak, - d traitsEnvironmental-mol - a21_uiyI 4 3 l C L -I3 Zl,qJI - ' 4 , n I & I 6 4 ; I n ; 2-11
- 5
> L i i 3 ~ > U I & ~ ~ l J l 3 -. Z+LIJJI' I h J a @I$+j - . J 4 I d + ' 3i --I# b l 2 u j 'Internal e.
C
:&P 3 I LL - &12,--A3 .External e.
i .-LI 3i ' ; 4~4y1 3i '+I+ - Anastasi, A: Differential Psychology. 3 - . 5
j+13 .%,L 3i I ~ ~ 4 i lu+ Environmental ;\ : : : fl 2 I - - tk
C
&+I + l ; + L L k r determinism . - - E - -
Heredity 611$1 'Hereditary d. GIJ$I +&JL J+l
. ... 0 d . J d&b 9 3
&JJL.' pi-1@\1 - - I , z a A i i L I J 2 +2 .&2J!~2 -L!J&i -bJM
U l -. - & l , d l J+ p-4 4 1 pic 3l&.dlj -aP)@! 4-1
Heredity-environment controversy or Jes .-&IJ$! & J-!Ld12 .&IJ$! - -
- U I - . L L L 3i 'debate
t" b+l & - ZIJ$l & F
GIJ3 &k d b (J! dj~2J-J r p k
b3gS; &i Hereditary predisposition - b2&: b&yL \& GIJ$!
& J U l j '-+I ijl$&d $41
+lp91 dj .t;;cJ~3 ? ~ a k l ~ LULUS
L d &GIJ+!\ 9 & 7- 3- jp &913+.Jl & c31+l '5-
tt++3xa.I ; \ . 11z-1
U l j +91+ Lg& '(.*pa3>
+ jb3j W! ~ i & r ( r ~ ~ + ~ L I I C
'&'dl p .. XX L l ' p A I aLyAy3$
L A t 4 1 , ~ ~ C I I P XY ji - C
a-I j l LULUS 1449 iTFY3>
+91j ;'dl i4 d J U - G I J + ! l - I d i)r Gl+I '3- G3 .LL
'iLo?~j+I cjl> ;, -1 + 'm ,a ... : 11 ++ ji . .A ., JI
+p+ 4 1 J+JI &I d l - - j& Down's syndrome -&I> j l
' t A +a 'd+ t V ijLFF3+ll JAC
7" & & 3 ~ ~ ' 3 & ~ J 2 L a L d j -
L '+A +y3 '.i2'd3 a L
J-;s .'u m1 -. ~b J$! &+
+ GIJ$\ a u J&\ &IJ$!
L &h;r ..L;,~I J! 2j.-l~jir4!h P
Chromosomes aLFpj+L
ji ~ ~ ~ 4 1 as^ dj . i j ~ ~ ji - 4' += ?-kg19 .Genes awl
& ' 21>;d1& b$k + &IJ$&
+9 bjJ& @ a L pJ j&
i I +k;i 2-9
& lpJ l &.LA4 yj & l l y +L;
Theory of GIJ$l &+3 .awl - $191 + Hereditarianism 9i heredity
&dl - ( \ M Y - \ A - S ) Darwin ;rgJ12
Origin of tl;a91 hi, +LS - s+
-@I a U W I ( \ o ) ((Species
a ~ ~ ~ l jij ,& + 'A, A
J3k i k W ! &4 Zj3,4\
.Evolutionary J+I &+ - ~ 1 - &
Hereditary ZjJ+l --1 pLS
sob &dl - ,A+! u l p charecterology
Z\Jd\ &Ip -1 - . &Ip
'3- + k Y l Lga ei, 41 W I
k'w p W l ul9;39 .&d l - o ~ ~ ; r i lp5 .~g?gbjp$sg~ -
4 - 9 3 3 I Y I ~ ~ k x ; 41 a e 3 J d ~ 3i Z ~ I L ~ I L ~ I . & ~ ... ~gkw
,,+Ll ,@I, &Lz $3 W I
L& * k J ~ l -LJL -. . >iq 3 i ~ w a ~ s + 2 - . - _ . dl+
X-II JSJ J p JjJ3 -. & M I 3 .-LLI&I
2-1 - . - GIJ$! J+ ?L +I
31 ,Heredity - Environment controversy
Nature - t&!l - -&+kJI JC!
2&J a Y L d l 3 , nurture problem
.&43 J3J '& GJ! J3J Lsrs '\4\ L\JJ + 'G (J- d3 Y
j L 41 @3 ,Identical twins - - -
GI,$! +'hi ' L L U ~ - - , Developmental genetics + ? k J Y I
u 4 J ~ I bi -LI jJI O;M + 3+., 3i L..A-II w b jpk l~ b ~ t I ..
+ L+ +I s b &i YI F - . -.
4 G L ~ I bi .&*MI
i . J 3 '&d& kfi ljd b 'UP
i +I u 4 ~ $ 1 ~ .'G~ 'G~ 3 - - .
G L ~ I &i e-J G ~ 1 ~ 4 1 - LIG~I
;& * 1 q 1 j 9 .jL+ 'i+d ?+4
4;i Y! .&WI GUI +'b d i
-*& $IJ$! .. Ll$'dl bb '&
le,.lf I;;, ',3I .. &$I - . 4+ ass" L+ ; L L ) ; 4 L ; r ~ ~ 4 - ~ i L a 3 ~ p J l
&4 us &&jk3 -&.kE3 &&Ij
b + L b i ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ - -.
. j Y S U I + ?Jr;g .o+ J.C Galton i,s;fb bh $ L L Eugenics
+ G p J I o h & ( \ 9 \ \ - \ A Y Y )
j&I3 Zl j$ l $k A d & d l +s
L A Y a-I d3j JI+~I U . . ..
j~ . - 4 .iQj aL ly i l l j i l Y L
~ 1 ~ 4 1 LL+ &I i II bi .. - , &ejl-- &+13 t~+h~ UUI
A * ~ I u ilmjd~ s+ & ~ I j + ) l W I A t l . . . . . .
bp ik; +i ;cs +-+ &--LJ khLjLtl
3 i d ~ + + ~
&341&. !2 * $B-J' + M I
-4-J > @ 41 GIJ$! . j L L Y I 3 - idLilLZ+J.C ~ ~ & l ~ + ~ h l
F 5
& dl . Recessive +ih Dominant - b&dI - - . Ul,: LA .;pub
p W I U I &LA ' Genotype
+ J+I + 3% Lo 9 3 Phenotype
~ L z ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ L
L&c &+ill &&I &LA
+&P3Y9,LP I , L 3 +
p p W l U l j .pWl & d l
;+ ,UI -. GL L+i + 3N . .. ~ j l l .. ~ 1 ~ ~ . + 1 4 k h d ' % ~ l - + j j & i c ; l ~ ; i + & d ~ ~ b l l k j ~
4 1 +'& r+ 3i 'w G- .. - i + W I GIJ+ pL3 .;jIJ---1Ij
.jlJ-JI -LI~J 9 Phenogenetics
L+\ &Iy J+ ~ ~ U h t l W I j d l
J~ b45j I* zlJgll bi YYI 5
Mutations i l l S A ~ l 3 E $3 -2-
ZJ I N 1 -\-k\ 1 -Ab! c+ cj&l
L+d+ ilL b e 3 i u W l
gF...t$l+ ;;j. i j D I illJA\13 5
$1~31 (%'xyYI j1 ~ 4 4 M LO b& ;&I\ bl J+2 d3 .Hereditary death
s & 5 3 3 & 4 L Q & _ ( W r k Y 4 J
~YI+J I b C i L I J ~ ~ Ld+i & -L 6 - . & d l 2 \ 9 Y \ -% & ! I3 d A 2 A & jl ..
&L"J 31 g+' ikr;JL p& gJ+ ;si +I GI+II~ .a-ij WI
+j j U I i l 12AI I + L+, 3% $1 - a w l '+ - ijLl1 i l l ~ l
+ L ? I - 4 j l +a+SJ l - l& 4
.ALL!!
-&e GIJ$\ &IJ2j
Population genetics 4 ji
%--e~e,~ghii,iLrl!&k Gene pool &I - +I ,i p+I
- 1 e e ' L t* pj L - & W
+A LGxj &I3 - p ~ 2 1 9 9 i+l
+ GLh, &I ' -" 1; .;; -+ 2-3 - - + w l jlJLLl + pJ+i a L
b&bi3ts-~1& J=+ii+ 3i b % ~ + - \ \ h 2 i F 3 - J OJ+ s! E volutionists J 4 b f 4 i,+LhfI
bi3 .~-~iu J+ I~LY bi GL a-1 &C 29 UkI 2 .. ZIj$l
L. LtL 3& Lad3 , G 3 J.dLl P
Genetic equilibrium LlJ3 L j l 9
:?I-"
- Stern: Principles of Human Genetics. 5
Natural 0 4 1 1 + L Y I p I+dl ..
gi l jgl a41 ;IF ,selection
.'kJ-c;r13 r_Jc g x + L b - 0 - C
ij;.! ~ 3 1 4 3 4 1 & J ~ L - 3 Evolution &dl JL J ~ \ .db p ~ j 3i
t~4;h\ -b3 $u13 .fg~& - 'b ' 4 1 ~ 1 ~ + J+ 9 JWl
t . ' & U U ' 3 . c l kJ I Jl+Y GfJ$, -&b LL)w, .- a 5 , 1 f , - - . 31 &IJ-\l3 b G ! J d \ &L 4 - +$J&!l &-91
t" GI ~ f + l pi i e m L+ . L g i @ k ~ &ls;l13 U I - . dg+ 'dJ3L11 -Ig .. @ Lib a&A13 a l + i J l .. - A- -
. L+- lF3& Gi .I&I 'I.- 7
9 1 s ; r l g - ~ p h \ M A\ .. +&yl3
awl3 .~,;-4~ ~ c i i&lI & ,&I &L& 41 @% @ &gi $1 - iw1 f pi'-'ir& bJ ( 4 9 sill + -1 &W13 .p$Ki3
ikwl&~',iJ14;h13 .. ..
..il+~ s ~ i ;i Y u3 .GLJI~
(&a 'LJ* & i l l Li5 1 ' 3 ~ 2 Y d+b - Lg, ;I a L L Y 1 3 4-l a1.I.i ,uYl
U I -. 3 CLJ& 6 d&13
. a ~ ~ y 3i r j~.~-~~ OL, J3u g - Heredity and2 :: : \\3zlJ+)13
iJ3&I3 L Z ~ !
-21 aL;;LYI $3 . J ~ $ I ppL @
& L Y r 3 &(JL'd\ G3 &igkij
J+ s3 .,W3 &+I + .~+Jlqr;e~gk;;+JJ~~ 3i Degeneration & i l l J-& 0+3
4kdr J> 3SJg . Senescence &+I
J ~ Y I &\J ++I Genotype b h l I - ~ ; ; i (&J3 ?WI
Yl b + ~ 5 ! l . + 41 .. ~~1 eL+9~ . L A L A I ~ I ~ + J L E , L , L L ~ ~
ZlJsJI3 ,&+I ~ j k environment
xi4 i ,LYL3 ,&+I i-l'uiLafl JLLl
L d3 .?Wl & a J d l d ;jK
aLc+ya +I 9
b% W I J ZlJ$l3 .&U -. &JL - -
+a1 J W 1 3 .hi& 2: L ' t-
A 3 J 9 b &I, .Jk ,=I &
aL-Il4j i ,LYIJ . U I -. + bJ
a L d3 - .LL! 63s J j b g - Z+DI
L@Gj L C j L & YJ & U l + Y
4j3 L 4 + L l &'!A+ &Alpe&+!1 - ;;S;, 41 CAI 4 ~ - l+i y b - - -
9 3 .CjLy3 C j U I y ?GI+.lJ d3&l
d U I 3 -. "141 ' 3 ' 1 -. y +JL; &+
I $ I ' L I Y & ~ GF . C+u+~ L;~JLL~\
aJWl DL 4j 3tx,r J+illJ Lcl-tLllellJ
+ a ~ l j uJ ,Adaptive ability k_LoWI
5-1 -)dl bijlS i J d l 0-
Natural - + k L Y I J .J\-.dlJ
I - I selection
.Survival of the fittest +'KI -
J A ~ I ++I + Culture &MIJ
+ & W C j L Y I JAG& L@&I -
J 3 b f + - l l j s $ - + 3 & 3 ~ ~ 4 f l
L 4;i 4 5 A . G L ~ I ~ GUI
p - u bb ~ L Y I p ~ i d~
f &uJI UI-1 (j& 'dl i d !
l a U I -. o* G ~ J I i+WI U ~ I
+I LP p 3 J S J I JL A 3
4f+3t ~.~~ \ y ' d d L ; I J+&dI- - . -
I l A l , ' , -.. - pj I,@ ;Lhw% - b+y
~ ; w i I* (ji JY C~j+LJ3
&jQl J&+ L b G 9 I + 1 3 L h 5 C ;,LAW -'dl O j d 1 3 . ~ 9 , ? 4 ' d 1 9
>U I9 &(4?"119 &I ',L 4ijA & - i j d l o h ~ C J 99 pLi+;dI
& h ~ & ( J L ~ I p - & d \ 3 .@jUI
k ; k j ' d l k;391 & $3 .;,\+I
'4 dL4 G ~ s , + ( j L ' d I p - cSj*&;Il,&~&~3 -
j~ dj . ~ W L U I ;r o& ,~i - o+-L ~ 3 ~ l j ) g ~ JF J 4 I
. LC &b9 Ethics 9 ~ 9 1
i+, 3 d 7 -I +3
&i - p - ~ 4 5 jY.s9l JL, A .;;K j9&~\ JK; +a ,+i JL,
;4& @ ~ j ;, - . LUI
i i Altruistic
9j Aryan race &;'dl - pi+ b&++J .. I
Jewish or ji .&~98=Jl - - Yellow -91 41 3\ .semitic race
t+9;~bi LeS 6!(jglpk? p9 &race
& g s Y b i ~ L ' ~ L + ) ( Y I
t+I 4& 1% j I -a+ O+
>LC +-3uljti JL;~. &+I -
&jQl - +I3 &Lb+ &~*3'@F
LW\&+I@&+bU', - - + U I &j.cAI 2 - -UL.d13 .W13
J+ 9 i)l+l @ JWI
j + 9 3 ~ ~ ~ pJ+\ - (~ i -9 ~ * \ 3 'J;'~I 4Ej ~=;t$w G 4ik3 3- . - (~LYI -&$&I
JI> L3 '&++I1 - 3;;tl Jk iSb 19 -+3 4L3.3 ' ~ 4 4 ~ )& ( j L y I
Z k j I S 3 C l f S J w - - &K I >I Lo Jp J d I j$L9 .&+
bi 'Lj2 LUX LK ~ L Y I 6
+ \ i l l (jI LJiillj .m\ -. Gl;! g L b & b L ' d I L ; t L x l l - - .
bg ;P &+LI GLJI ~1~ . p ~ b ~ L J & L & + & & X 2 9
G* ,y ~3-\3bPJ~e&+Jl
,WI + @bLj! ;4fiYI 3 . Egoistic
hi +, e e ~ ~ ~ a : + .A: 11,
&d l &L$1I & & .&+--iPl
b p P 4 j ; U S p P 3 ' L U S w U ' p&- Ik C . ..-
M &-I$ ?'&I bfi p @3
14j - j*$1l3 . d l - -. +LAY\ I+
, ~ ; l g ~ ~ I I ',-XtI .. d+I
$41 zIJsf! A& .ss$11 yJ&i,.!\3 .GL$~I GfJ4fl &
bLY1 & b 4 ! I +k&Ytj
'-3 . Ethical being bsi 'UL
kkW '*3 .&I - ~ x ; ' i U
4dJ3 .O'*j 2% &$1 b ~ ~ $ l l
b ~ y ~ .45+ Sy3 - .&JI 2 O ~ L +
& " 'LC;~ 4jb &Ip $9
GSIQ~ bu ' t ~ 3i '4 4il+
~ I ~ ~ w ~ ~ + 1 ~ 1 3 ~ 1 3 ~ 1
p . l L + &L;y L L L L L J J .&LJ13
L+JI - - 3fi Y A~ .+ ij&ed~3 4-J
& ; i . l l3 \ i - lb ( ; I .. - - + -&iL$11 3
GWI a u > @a LLJ ' i j L Y l
' G W q d3 +a4 L&-&! 41 -
L b + 4 - t ~ - +LLLYI~ L - 1 3 ~ ~ ~ bi YI
'&&I $L& - '+'w cL+13
- Dobzhansky: -The Evolution of the
Human Species.
Traffic J 3 d l *9-J2&+1
p& 41 i l Y W l + psychology - Practical, : - . ; ll u d i J l + ..
d3 LeA+l+ ZJUL ++I3
+IJ i+-t& LL;I . C i ~ & i t l & - + 'G i,9Ju~ GL.. . e . ~ j 1 9
.Aviators1 neurosis &J~+~JI "d &43+9+&-+j'+93
+ ++! b+lU A 3 ~b(*l 5 C
JE &dl - ~l*.dl dl+ + 3) I&( - ab3i 9 j L U I 3 ~ & & ~
5
-&xf! 4 1 p k pJJZlg .ab3\ &J
P
0-4-&*%FJl3'9~I&
Man-machine system ~ $ 1 b L Y I &i
LgL. .$Lug iL LiVd i,&+9 L(MMS)
-'W! UJ JJJJ3 ,9+\Ji3 i.-
3J.L d l ; ."UJtfI, iL&'dl J-3
p-j .?LJtfI ~ Y u J+?;L]
d l h k l &u3 I...,, J9p.!I ~ s b
d3 . ' i i a+~3 .a : tr 11 14 a12-d\ & - u -\+I td
&+I FIX3 -4
\ L 1 J d J 3 b 9 - ~>41;11 ,i .4+1 L+ 3
3i La&UF~wGgpl~v- - -b - QJ 3 .k a+ .'pi
- L 1 . a ; ; \I A3--1I 2 - . - t -1 L3-J I
;j;,Ls;l13-b+I & - \-9-I Fl&Y13
ijwl ;..! G" db9 .;.l$Ij
@jJl 'SW', J92-J +sit d+3
-1 . - & L d l 2- d3 i LJ%
4Wl +L (y ~ 3 4 ' @L;?Ll
~i,,,,~&~d+ka~ckl~ C
31 j\,'dlj LctHalo effect U l
3i SU - - - ++YI
L Jl +& ,bjl;,fl ; l j W I d L
& & ~ l d ' + . b > ~ o ~ & - s; GFsJI ;, 2&j13 . L u L i l l
a ! , u ~ o- " ~ i ;P . uu~ . , .jA & i ~ 3 d 1 Je J*
a~Jwl ji ;*$I SL - J-
? I A I "ki g .. g ~3 .;+I
ij+! 6! L c s j p J l - -91 bplll
' b ~ l &4j L9 *I iiklr
ZJL illJ& d -51 (jg L ~ L A -. UI
Jk&l - i,_pL113 '-ZJL;L;W +L4j UI 5
Jk bsfp9 & dc?!$l?
La.,,.,, L + I g - J&L LWI , ~ i u . - P
f.L&'zj .;-lI+l ,& ;?.I -+ jj&I i l l j L l & - G u l (~lsf91 u .--I ~ k j ~ ~ > i ~ ~ ! ~ u l b
;Is23 L . . >ljg - L ; ; ~ & d l & wJJlf13
,y '5- ' j 2U13 ..I+\ Y j LA
,i J& 3i is Lbi3 Lo;
r*- & .'+I - j! ,~LALL 9 L-L~C~L~ 3i .,91+ ,i 2 ' ~ ~ .i&L L& OJI+.AI~ .o+ y ib-uI .. 4 :(-&,% J& J.c dd; &U13
f$3 ,bC",! LI,.dL 4 JIss .;&LA C . . 51 3..+4 .$UI a: .-., .;3 ~~141
~ & 4 d C ;i~l;if~ all-*^ L LML4db
ub13 r J 3 d l &2lP b3 6&2l9dl
Accident &J 1 9 - - 1 . 2 l _l_tjlbll 3i i j- 1 . . proneness
. &-Ix && Diat hesis "
& d3 .&JI+I J-a= Jl je
p-4- 'LI-~~ 'L+i L I ~ I J ~
b 3 4 9 &.'+I _)I+ yl! d*
dt, st^^^ 3i LLb i -11 41
. L- 8~d I 2 ~ 1 I 3i ' &+i L\++i
.us\ 3s - + *,si L L ~ ~ I iilb3
d'dA-4 FJLj 'AJI+I d L j 5
- aldb Jj)aJ\ &2lgzj - &~!gxfl
u . . ,+LL~I I L J;
+ d ~ - i L+J!
I i i y i +L A d j g l j +a3 .+\J3\dI3
.&A! ;, Driving neurosis L;x%j ALL ,L I \~ L U I ~ , l ~ l + d l
E'P
- J. OIDay: Driver Behavior:
Cause and Effect.
a~3Ji3 ,b-91 ju;i3 b & 9 L & d 3
; J ~ ~ & L s3 b & ~ 3 - 1&3~ ++JLI~+ j i L j .+&9l ~ ~ 1 3 ,-&I d L + d l +dl
5
d l i,& &dl JlJ;g\d13 L;iF+I
.;WI + iALJI i)3&-j @BjLY 9
6-2 &3313 +Jblb= ~3+13 c
3291 + cilt& +-I i lpd13 .+a &k i l l S k G L&uJs& l* U L ~ . .
* l+~\d l J! JI& ;;1 +I " & 3231 hi + ;,g ,Exhibitionism
@$ -&dl3 ,Voyeurism Jl
d ii4a b1 +*>+I
J&r! L i l 1 3 ~ $ 1 3 G l j k l +a d ~ j s ..
d l ~ l ~ l l ~ ; I 'A - W L 4'3? +k+i)i +~C;JILLLJI ...
k + & J 4 j~1;1;91 W\i-.k~& - L
-&% .((The other sex +IN
I+-J .+ biiirj-~+;i+~ -
;i,~ b& -9 hi3 lJ+~ -6%
d ~ & l .. a~ A ; dl3 l-LJ-
.d+L ~u; a+ "A LdL
3 i UUI A+ \dg
b ~ , 3 .. .dlJij 3s, ;, ZLAL--~I
LB;zL j &'+dl tLr;Ij .iju 41; L'W +J ' I J W I ~Lftiwl iyl ir;lit bi m ,G lp- bi --+I
J3-I13 ijL41 +L-(;3jY --Jg
r Ul ggUI - ~ + l JLz3 .a ,,. ; 11
-41 g3dI ji 'General taste - , k! pj , Collective taste -
'be2 4 3 ~ 2 J&29 J&.? J4-44
'LL+13 J l p c W ;p plG
JI>$I &ldi J%+&~#;;~
-* .'+A& GI+! y pJ3C?cj j
l s g i + ~ ~ ~ u p J l ~ . . !
L!L &*GI, '+'dl jjU13 .&!A+ - - a++\ JX; +3 .Ji;; -Ij & aLI>YI j New models
-1 GL,-K,.~II~ &+dl &dl
Sk;l,*3 ,U*I ~ I p a l
6Jlp;.b &dl3 bhl;l-fI - r l + Y b
Eccentric jLL p j - j j
(j& La f + S 3 . - A ! . .. r-2 ddCkrl P
&S yj JLAI 3 &+dl
i .&~*~i~&~.w& b 3
&I dig .dL I+ . ..
p j+l 3-t\ 3 .Transvetism
bi+X~i.J34-f-?+
ihj I+ B.' 4] bi3 .~)LISC;U o&
t ~ k ; ~ G + + 9i ' q ~ r . j ) c i i 1 3 .*b &\JJ\ 3i 4 ~ -
- - + +"cq 44. ..---,AS&9 eupJ1
.&,JiL; 41 ;LLLLeTI - . LA!+\ - i u I 3 ;i,l I+ b& Y ~ $ 4 ii913 b$ I+\ 3i . zip\ 9 9i 5 . lgst3
Zkrl i j l i Eternal Eve ;;AIM\ +Ip c -
4 ICAL ,% &uij LJ- &uI 31 L+J
MI I ~ M ~ > ~ : ~ ~ L + I ~ ~ & .
3 I I b ',&dl -3 - - kLp :&kl ,(jLp &+dl p .j&'dl -&? !+@ z-l ,Fad L d I ;r= Lkl;;;i Mode & . I j
di Y! '4 I+i y3 ,-&+I ;id di '+ 9 ab-+ J y p .J&
~-a~j~:~3;iC&&jic@ - > L k d l ..
& .-&_)\; G j l p i u l @
ji ';lUI, +Lm I+L L@'a9
;;I p , Modern i-L ~ g r i -
&3iQj pzi A3 t;iu> . - L G I
. j k + i u Y L &k3 L 4 ~ ; k c d l j .rI+?q JI;; Id-~+dl j
JJL &i .. & ;r( Prostitution .wl + J d l * ~;--'13 L + J l +
iPhI 43 21 '& pj (LLLYI - i , T p l l g - GL+Il U L 7 P ,,- p 79 19s Y;) :Jgk? B y
&p3 - L (n - J+) 46&5 & - ,
s3 (+L+i &13) ~ $ 1 - - - 9 ; ' .Y , 9, 7 - 61 >dl \%-- Y;) : JU L 4 ; L
,s.
L ( Y - I ) qjCu; -. ;L3 &L
: y I y
- Flugel: The Psychology of Clothes.
- Bergler: Fashion and The Unconscious.
~I>I;'&I>I) - , : JbL +I 031j-rs - Hurlock: The Psychology of Dress.
A,,- - G ~ . + &i - L p. ~L+ll . . .. Hetero- -1 &+ .&!I Jb$\ - (.LLU JLAI + &i .sexual p. J b A 1 3 GWI ~liLt'i;u - yi -2 .WI e~ &I ~)-T.-.JI~ 3i AI&I J3A .&I -v3 - -
P
;& L Male p. J#YI .& +3 .& LLLtIa: .- - , .. . a,~ls. -
+-!+I+ ;& L ~ 2 1 c g &A '&I &A a I .?i;JI . j l+ lJLi !3 - COG 2Y;idl + JJL I+ +dg .Brothels GLI+JI .--dL - . . G K I ijLbLdJlg
+j i,& G3 .Call boys +I -@sc~~Y +4ui3 .+&I~
&+I! 6~ - +J .. Catamite ;9'kll ... GLJI
.Comrade &J i,& 2 .:* .:* .:* -
.;jq;s~ +i - ji .bw b 9 ~ \
e^u ' y 3 ~k-" ;?-& dj
.j+\ i.L@
J% +a A, ~3 F ~ I (jbfj
+ LF+I L C S i - &I.+ ,A*J
&h L s ~ -I &i .. A%~JI
:&I - @Lp3 (&.A+) Gigolo
a W I &4;=, - dill p3 procurer +&13 .. ULU . ... Procure + , & l I &l+Y -
w JL;, ;id\j : JL+Y~
+ Pander b+ I pj !Procuress
&*I LA &b , Pandaros -+'dl - - 41 &+ +9&2 ~LW+J ;id!
LM ,, &ill b;d Luckold u+!3 :ijq?J13 .. - '&L J& 4U.L + t- &i - Lj A + . & - - . ~ Y ~ LF3i5k3j3 5 9 .+ ~ f ; 3 ~ ~ ~ 0 ; 3 ~ ~ 4 3 / ~ 1
& rql+J.$i;? ,I+! +* &ii-Z d d j Procuress
Prostitus' culture L u l . . . &b& LgibLl
i ~ p a L + @ ~ ? ; S i 4 j + L +
," '&&,dl L&3F+LLi L L & 4 9 3 - $*j ,L&J3 L&l.L3 b!
. i P , j ~ i 3 + + ~ ~ ~L;II
Homo-sexual male &+I yuTl .. LJ h-'L e- Y prostitute
'%j $19 L~r~ri r% b9Yl
.-I i&j .a ...; r l + J ~
L J ~ L Lesbian prostitution a k U I
.-&\da z9$ F L j \ A3 C - '
d Whore ;pub .&b - - . LUIS .. L;;jLJJI Is* &? .. ; i r L l j d l &All ..
rJb ipUI d Strumpet
'&j ,cctLI3 Is* &I .. CLWL
J% Procurer ~l+&d'+Ai
pL3 aLUI ~ j i d3 L & i . J . J
4 v$ L & a y @j & J ~ I
A - \&Wl'J L J d L j I u-
G3 ,Bar girl aJL,;rl +$ + +j f~lp"JI +a wbj
&@I $i 4 3 - 'Streetwalker ~ h l
P - $I; y3 wLg;;Lj jk \dg ,L'E .+!.in -&$ a-y ! u+3 L J d I
w ~ , d3 .iEi +%i d l j
i;.lJ..b& &WI g .. &L+I * r-+pU13 ;t.GuJU +&J\
+_pLfS&i d9 r;i$m\ &A&+ P
&Li A3 J+II & i j U I
. ; 44 - j g~ ;~ i J ~ . ~ + ~ I ~ -
9 b3$ l l j .rUd &I+ ;r>g
Ls;& & &13 'i;r+l 1.4;. 5
.&Lj ACL 21 &,L3 ' i+~Al
9 Gigolo s;r + d l + S3
J! + M I b- &g 'bll> LA
I&.= + A 3 Lgrr pug 'w&J~
p 'di y 3 4 3 - 4 i ~ 1 L
S ;AI ,+ &I +3 .~L+I 5
@t_r';4-i49"&+yek?JI
& S a + d + 3 w !
.*ljj\ y &L+I
GJI* &I - 6b &I &Cj , W I I+i .rUd kJ3 'Impotence
& ' ~ l & C L - ; ~ Y ~ ; d -
2 3 4 1 jLj3 - Frigid 'u ;iJk .rU illj hi +3 'Sexual frigidity 4 1 -
C
61 &I +j '@&Jl ;13L +- .LL; jCtJ ij-+ + yi +k
- d+&dJl p - >;s3
-3 '++'dl W I 3 p13A13
GI>+I 1, , L- + ~ i ~ I - Y
fi&l*13 +Ll& r s & L & i 4
G+J +.';-,A ,A* - - t f l .'3 'd 2 '-- "'
~ 3 3 '~'91 +3 'd a- LJgi ~149 .Lg;j&j +& ;i ~ ~ j q ? j ~ I +
.G JI p XL+ .. .. 5 4 L T G ~ 'b3~I+13 i F U I
;\-1 J-a\ (j\ ( A 11
~ p k h r ' 4 wUjj' LL;rl - . j d l &&I A s 3
.eg;c t_%>u ++ ji . J L ~ I JWI . C ;IS kJj p4~ I+ LIA
9 &L;?I b9j 4?j;& L klt3 .+I - + Y +I >++L: ji 'SUI
L.., G* 41 ;& $4 d.ijsf9 -+ , e I @*L, G3 ',rjL+%4 CQ
c , L r L 3 r ; l 1 3 ~ ~ I k r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
& d l a41&La'dI ,! jl LGI3jq? jJ l
f p + I g j + l E + + ~ ' + I - - ;i;-j aLI+I b+G a-
? 4 (--, 2-f= $33 'U(SJ-14 ;J+llg 'Age of anxiety &dl - .
&I dl 1 JL +A Lo9 'Sex revolution C
eg' ;* 01 J*!!3 $>sf\ k k ~ . L g l k ; ~ - ~ a ~ ) ~ c
.&j\-'dI
bi 'e19;i Gambling j L t I
,lkelIj . & ~ i Gamblers i ) ~ ~ L k e l l
4 dill - 9 Social gambler & b Y I ..
:v'9 - Jackman & O'toole & Geis: The
Self-image of The Prostitute.
$l$l & .. &a3 L + k + Y K .. ' L g L I - . . pj L* i rU& &+34 4J
64 1 - , A .. A &+91 r- 'gybq
p& I w , I iL3
J ~ L ~ L + ~ +, +i ,i ,i,b -
& \&>I .. iJL)'l j .&+I y
& A& p3 u ipI;LO]I
L&c &A,... Gambling excitation iJWl C 9 A bl iwl> oj+ j L L ~ A I . L + ~ -
l & i S &b&lj &TO live in danger + L L L k t k L ; . Y 3 + 2 1 g i , & Y L r 3 -3
Y d j J G + ~ j ~ j .La2-
pj L 4 j 1 2 1 1 + i u 1 3 4jyA+ p3 p+uL 5 5
02fi3 Lo* +I *I 4;l 5
b++L j l Magical thinking .. - a U l +'I-, (pg-L9 L S ~ p e r ~ t i ~ i o ~ ~
? ks L a ~ w ~ j JG~I, I.~,~ij
4Lkg 9~9 L J G ~ S &is
es .& ji GL+ 4ikj 2 9 1
* +-*; . . '+L &l
Passive-independent -+ J\ P I
i,&i 1-9 ?_?r! personality
O+A . i J b 4 i,i 2 G'L .. . .
$& +I+'&3 z : t-L -L
&Ull 4 1 0 2 k i c l .. C
j\+l 4;Ug j1-4 ~ $ 3 6%
.+ jA+ L4 Y JOudLfi,+Yj
.+ + lL%cp,U13
jL, - b11 b5 &#I .. p a L d l j
u & + b i ,JUI + ,~ i YI C -
Y &i ub L+ wp +lri
4 L & j L W I 2 ~ j l t l ~ c p CZ;& - L J J I ;r [*LC * &dl - $24 L(gH o$l+ t$*. ;~L;!ga
#j .+I$\ > &J bj2 ..
&&I , U I -w\ ijL1;L4\ c;w - 4ii ji "--. A&I&I+,
" 4 - (-4 @ ,,- + 1 2 L \
q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ i . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
bi ji + ihlj -LL
4;SJ3 ,Gambling addiction ~ L J
a l , d I g - u LLJ! ~ l u ; ~
6L.i G?g ,+I 4 LF3 .'% %+I ZJWI bL2u
- 4 - I );u i 2 ~ b& pm\ Z: . L
J , b l j & I $ + d l o 5 ; &&L+
a ~ ~ b b &L+ .. Y3 L ~ l + 1 3
3% I - d L 3 rGS-LfJ3 4 - ' 3
:&F
- Bergler, E.: The Psychology of
.gnilbmaG
.semaG dna yalP ,naM :.R,siolliaC -
ehT .gnilbmaG dna ksiR :.J ,nehoC -
.ytilibaborP evitcejbus fo ydutS
, Obsessive-compulsive personality
JG~I, JULI J~fi LJI +LA
k t $ 1 -+49&-1' u.9&1\
j L + .. ,UI blS Lj3 . p U I
- ~i 2- ~i LJL Psychopath Cr' 3
,i &L L+ y3 bA+ju >bj
9'L bi A 41 - &+$I a % ~
.+L, b-< 41 - ij-4 \*rQ
C
~ . - ; L i d 1 p & L d I ~ p t r ~ ~ - uJ 4 C I 7 i Masochist '&....L.
?i + ir+ ,-i i! +,,+ar
9+9J-+;r'dp~~eG+9
+LktJl + tfiS ijU1
p ! , ~ 3i ~i d+ 4j -
h$rifgdktl+LLU.;;pa~y!&dl
3j . Artistic a. 'u i ~ l - ~ ~ ~ i y l 4- 3i , Language a. i+ ~ J I
o 1 M +A 4 1 hK 1 j l Lk a. tests
dzuj &3 ,,MI . I ~ ~ I 3.3 - ~ A I . P > 6- 41 .. a\J&&YI
' Scholastic a. tests -JAJI JIGYI - 'Academic a. - ~ k h l JILLLYI 3i ,i +!I + J ~ p h ~ a~J-i+t
i I d L j L A W p - ) c , 3 WJ
& ~ l J k & \ 4 3 'dLW1 Collective /I .LUl a\~l,;rI -
7 I n I - - I I 3 .intelligence
(DAT) differential GJlhll a l ~ l &'dl
a L S W I + ~ l u i i v Y l a. tests
'awl & G ~ W I &\JJ$ ' & ~ d !
6LB;LI.i -; ..i3 ' L g j Y p l ~ n e43
JYLLtY I j '&S+iK+dl ijLu13
, S & Y l GJ3 LCy3 ' 1 ~ , ~ 1 -
4 3 .-WI J L ~ I ~ A I - ;
2 4 d 1 G!J~-Y\
Vocational a. tests
k;oK 5 ~ 3 9 Attitude ~I& 'd l
+ ~ ~ u L Y + L ~ ) ~ s ~ + x P ~ ~ 3i +I .. . I ~ ; ~ I BJG
9 General a. ?L11 JILLYI~ .&I -
.jJ 3i &+J& - 3i LLLK;,_~S
General intelligence ?Lll .KUI 9 4 .;+AI +-I, e~;u 6ir1 -
+ d l 3 2 , I n . f l olJ-Lkfl
',-LC ' JyJ l &Ladl &dl - &&ill C
hK 'Special a. J! dl L+US-C
41 jCLbi -UI + b~
bi Y \ .;+b 414" + J ~ I -L
oj+ s kc& aL+ + b- L
'&d - J+ &ii -1 als+Uitl
c + ' d g L 5 ~ & & w 3 L ' d ~ - A 'd3ssG111 (p.2 J&ia& p '2 . J . J '$I+
3 iu619=L.+( j iV~i+- F
b3-==+ S 31 .p&s @ p -+b ips J d ' u4 + ZJU'
a l J k l . i,& ~ $ 1 ~ .LUX
& ?+ Z + C + ~ i. tests J+l
. b + ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ ; 1 ~ i + b + ~ - - 9 ~ L I J J LAG d3
Professional w l a Y + i i J l JLXd
L g 3 l J W l 1-3 'preferences
L cd~ ,&L &Liz3 'kl.Lj
A 3 'LBLLG ?* $1 V Q l 3 6-
bJ& &I+ & ?; * l i d 1 o h
2)-+-+ LJ-1 41 - 5
31 JL?;;??! J- 6 bw ;r bi, g z3JLaJI J+I yWl
~ p d 1 3 k ; _ u 4 f l -1 a L I Y I
dirl - + d l &L;rl+ y
a+++ L&L;;JI i,& I 'LW a~~~ vzi; 91 >+I + &+i
& Q j .'u &*! ;+&A
L : I l - c)Y - ----.+I
Kuder a-!I3 i j L b E U JJ+
+ dj .Preference Record
&+i a~ &+QI *UI P c
J*( b~~ & c d L + l ) -
'a&4 -a J-5 aLLLab & M I P
ijL* aLhL ij;LG3
4 1 9 - bJlgi 3..-? +p &4 j .LC; ~ l ~ ~ . djbA
@$I &LC> -JJ d&I &%
+ && L 'Lr;t,)lS-p;W.dl L
a%-3 Li+4 '+I+ a L b I - L P e b + Q 3 rJ41 ~ g v l ~ i ~ l p J
U I J.c 3-4"ij i. measurements J+l
abF+;iiLfli,&d3j'&~&
L w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - 0j9 -&I 'awl o h +-3 L& '+@lid! -
a \ ~ r r l f ) p + e ~ L p h ? . 9
' c p 9 A ' $41 &+I - ~~ 'UL4;;f&+ G&13
+ &i rlf)> -, ?j I ; ,,#Y i 2 , %J
-+$I & 3 &I3 ' & A p ' L d l
J+l &LC& 'Ju??! & L#I
ijLC*dl ;r a u '& $1 - J~ yl;rj + L c p ~ Q ~ 3i - ~ Q I 3i
0 9 3 @I$-+ ' b1?3 w + I
+ I-.t;;);l Lj '1- ijL+\ '-p
' J + J 5 b ~ @ p & ~ e.$~j
~ 1 s f % ~ i ~ + 1 + & 3 ~ i
,i &+I JFil*+ 4;+*
($4 ;;1 JL;cL 'J+I l&G $1 - (&dl
G + I + J ~ G ~ , ~ + Y - + % ~ ~ J
;J1F3ay&~3 'WgS G&&
& LL 41 - -UI ,i a ~ J ~ ~ ~
&&&!I a L b b f \ J L I 5 : W l ljrb
Strong Vocational Interest p3+J
LL+ rslJL i ;Y I G3 .Blank
aLb'dl ~l;gSa y~jl - .
f i+Is;-iI &iI&-113 ;I+i+.q-tI
o h p L& i j j jgw . - &dl *ljy;;dl
a J G Y ! JG pi &&dl
bi &< &I - a ~ \ d ~ ~ 3 &+I
p & J l p +&dl J L d I - p&U! 3i a l J G \ d l +j -+Ulml
P i , L I -. 5 : & d l I j r b e u 3 J I
Lee Thorb &&dl a L b W +J$ J ..
.Vocational lnterest Inventory
Psychological ol?;rYl - P
- \ i , & attitude
,i t+9 ,i LL+ ,i ~p ,i J& C
-LA i j l J! + &+'+ r & y I
dS3 ,+L ,i JSL'UI~+~L&
k~ o&\Y i,& Y 2 bJ3 r&
.. , + O&YI C~A L+,, 3i ,+L 4 i r - l q
a L @ Y K lo+ ,A, ...A LL;I . f j 6 1 3i '+ LLJL i , ~ 91
L& 3Jg Y ~ l a b L + Y I 9
- f - ',JLLwAfb'&l&U - -
A3 wA!\, ' 4 2 ) L L + l & % +I
(JF dx j .&I &G G& d+ Gj.&
Jl - &Lcpy J* 2- a b k Y \
Y l o k Y l &&'+dl *j .b *> &a3 '&y3 'j&; l j l LL 'lag$+
; , ~ i - ~ \ i j ~ h l - t j ~ ~ d j - 4LiiI4 Li! +cii dl3 k J 9 A l l
"
ijl* +i ~ ~ C ; Jlj '+L+Yl - 6
& jl 'kl+\ & && bJ 2&4
i , s S = l - * + * ~ ' u ~ ~ ' - + ‘'k +L s w l - . +I&! &
* . 0 b J +I p3 ++ &Gj
4: - 1 .-LA + . - LGI dj + i,+J
.L& 4ibJdj t+4 + A\+ ijLhl+w'J
jCgY L+k e b ! i4-J f
jCk uj 6-1 -141 2 f* - i j b k Y l @ Ldic Y! '++Ll I L
L b&j 1: .A; J-J &kLii P
& i i ~ &a. cluster aLak;*d l kL4 j
LGUJ &tJL- .I+ p b+- '+ L L L ,dl ,gwirl, ' l b bb\ - - 6
+ J ~ & ~ E + L ~ ~ j 9 i 0 L j \ d l
'344 b&3 4w b 3 J k '&I
'GI+I ,i +I .. - - L ' b '+$I 3i J~~ b+i~ b3
3s-t i,&3 '&*dl & J-% 0 4 ' 3
Scale uwl & 3i + J ~ z J b . P
+ d l kJlll -3 'value
LL oI+W &KJl +jdI b L 1 - ;i;i?Jeb - +b l ' 2 2 9 1 pg . d l -
P
ZJ -i;s'#l++i+-clr&
+ '+L& 'Ist & l ~ + j P V ~ ~ d l
'"6 3 1 ~ + IG~, '31, + z,,* & wl=Lho]l (jk CfL]+3
F
31 Lal+l LC% &., 0 U Y l ;jg &c
L3 ,..: ; : A w c k . ,3+3 -+dl
o h & J-I Minnesota Scale
aLbL j1 &pj 'z;*Yl +$I
&n Ji. aL*y+ Jb$l
t;L4! Y 4 ( ( G ~ i +UI JS
t i ?;3 r n b + ~ 5 ~ u i YI L
.*I Jb dl ah&!&
6pL~3i +c&, yb L L I ~ ~
J+6 ~i .. ,pm~ g ..
t+7+ CSWI i,i i., , + J ~ ~ ~ .+
J ~ J ~ l a ~ ~ ~ l ~ l ~
,i ' G L ~ ~ I 3i G L ~ L ; ~ & L ~ I
+ &I +3 . L ~ I ++& * L A L+ a L a L j Y ! 0Ln &
*Lh. &k @3 'a. scales clrLaLjY1 - L L a L j ~ ~ ! ~ + d i ~ ~ a +
L -$ ;L LL+JI 3i wA~ ;&I L I~WI + 3i 4 ; ~
+i &L~ 'QLL+YI OL, + I-I~~'L+ ~ I ~ L + I I
5
A-0 &4 Jl+Yl +A + 'dL?,kYl'
.u F~L-. 3i L+L +\p
y'~+,ul 0L rU j
'-+L+13 -&Lt13 ;j j jU I a b L j Y l
Stereotyped as. BA+JI abk i ' d13 .. 'G h13 -1 &'wl
.. .. + &.!I3 .. 'lguss.' ,, g .. -&\.dl',
.bk &-=J . & I
c l r ~ ~ ~ ~ L vi +3
Thurston Attitude i,s;-4 w&
' Likert Scale a& wL;;49 Scale
i,+~ ' Guttman Scale i,L* C
a l j u ! +a &A JjYl
llcd. ip+ $A bi LLII
( j l v Achievement J-ill
+&ia~..+-aGd~&,+ I P
J41 (j+ 1% L&+l 3i +I
J-iJI 6- : J+ L l jdL ZJL
GJsl\ + & L t j &Achievement level .. ( j L I p idell JLLZL~ 41 - - &.uPI - ,i ,.,A &--313 .i.;;.. .. 1 J-dl c+ gj Academic a.
L & l j d I ~ lpo l l~ ?&I ikliju. ;Lj+
+_)dl 4 &a. mark J-if1 ;i4%3 - ( j h l p U]Ul L&k '&I1 ..
~i&&ill>&iflP~~l .. .. .
pi l3-4 L+ l -p%\ ;,t\
3 .c- k 4 - C ?.1_4 tl?;l 9 L 3
& zd3j3 l +Ld13 .@Wl ' , - i ' J l - P
1 .. .. 1 @ I j~ C 5
L 1 , , 'L;L q ~ j + 3 .. P C_r'
As; i)4 $+3 Boomerang effect G P 5
& J% 4jb Lo+ 31 o L j Y l
+I OI.+YI 2 - QL;; b+.., .gi +' 2 4 e--; L p 3 &+W 'ki hi) .Negative change o L j W
4 1 JAit13 L L Y l ;i? # t t ; ~ tl ..
:'yb - Allport: Attitudes.
- Sherif & Hadley: Psychology of Ego-
involvements, Social Attitudes and
Identifications.
- Sherif & Sherif: Attitude and Attitude
Change.
Lo3 'ei;rJ+ 2 L I L &hj '&
+ & + ~ + ' L J L ~ I + + ' &
~ I j \ Y l + d,- Y3 'd;)l_aj
+dJ f i J ~ \ ~ ~ ~ l pLG a - 1 1 - 1 , - - ; 11
+ d~ A--II ji j & Y I 3i G \ ~ s w aptitude ~I~ILLLYI alJ@l + & L d- J I L C ~ ~ Y I ~ 'tests
~,'k+~ .iJk jj + 2 4 1
bi Y! .JI-YI b~ J : ; II
b p d i yj +% d J ! J _ L ~ ~ Y !
-4 4 m + . + ~ ;jlA Y J+LdfI
db9 . J w f l Jl pllll 3~i - J! b$3 , J-iII + t~+j
'W* 31 u di ( 2
1 dl j + & , t ~ t l & L'IAld-1 - J
+ J& 9 scholastic or academic a. .. &JL d b b& L ~ 2 4 ' C ~ Y W I
&*3l3 1- a\J&! -
+I t+ + 3--~.11 yw ~ I ~ c ? ; ; I
.Vocational a. &I J-lK
9 a. motive J-AI J! pllll
*I& 0L'zG+9 ';?L]l'& jsL
~Jrs ep.p;! M' A W>~J'
+L;C (% & &Li S--+I
a. J-it1 2 '&b .. ..
iJLb kL+ L % &i 9 record , P
-2 record a. J&tI h3 ' L L J
~ ~ J S ~ I & L J U I ~ ~ ~ - L . ~
;tJ,\j '+'A Z+ 3% a:\: I - - ; 11
@= a. battery ;ill II a J J G Y l
Jp -1 f i l j&b)! + kF P
Z U ' j && &h '&LA
a. 3-11 +i3 '+ 3 \&if
L;. ~ f b quotient (AQ) + ' U p "
43+ +A' 4 1 s- s-x;r' a. age I I Lh .ZL 2 .. - -kd~I I (j J s2& +,, 4 (AA)
'&jJI 0- dy+ &+L 2 3 &dl - J+e-i + 4 A d * L . ..-
' & i s s - A b A p J - 3 i +
p k& J-4 $1 GJJJI + ar; 9 iJki -~iil L - ~ . . ~ ~ u J&~
; I K ~ L ; L ~ + L + ~ I S ~ , L + . -
2 L l +I p 2 bb~tl 0- .. 2;; (ji dj + IJ4i;~
4 +L J+-L~J '5- - 4 $ 1 1 I n - - - ;Jl a lJ&Yl &j .+$I
J-c + 1 2 i &C 2 4 1 ijs a. tests
Y
-41 v 1 3 2 j W +j
i,i * i i &LI~J\ 2g3
%!3p'32 u gi,m &a cG.ii % d l Ib3t\t( 4 x 3 'J-AI
$ 3 1 ~ 1 i , p ' ~ ~ 2 - I,:.I&I - ~ 1 ~ 5 1 ~ lj-. &4.J .G+ SJj J e l l 3: 2 1 p c w ~ ~ l .. &L,~'YI @ ~ l d l
J 1 1 - b-l~ ?\-I\ - P
SJL 9b3 .a. societies +k p-3
2%) ~ j ~ d I 3 bLyl&+
:+P
- McCelland, D.C. & Atkinson, J.W. &
Clark, R.A. & Lowell, E.L.: The
Acievement Motive.
- McClelland, D.C.: Tha Achieving
Society.
c r "4 I -91+ Sex Psychology
i,jJj+ U3;\3~ga+ 4: 11 5 hj lpb L;t33~3 i ~ ~ ~ w a &I Circadian -
5 7 , ? 69-3 &A3
P . ~ i A K ~ I . . I+,J~ &u;119 .kJj
+i ar L&L &&I., -&Wl ;I+\
di JY ;,isill - a k;b &&, i a r -
i,& &A' 9 k - b y Li c k OLC i,rI i,Q &+jL ij4jJI-
5
dJ1 .4::.- g 'hi 4
i,A 6 U l +Iij ipi7dJ + JL-+.Al ;r-. J L . ~ I k+ij
5
? ;il+lj &+I , y l 1 , . . &= c+'' :
A K Id3 &&I +A &AI3 L(-rlCjl
k;, ,iSk 41 9 -
JA +j &,I-j W+J-t bb I + L ..-:;-.
&a j;~l & - 21 F - s9-, d l 3 Li- &,L2 +jj
$3'-J'3 &@4* 4 1 9 ( e s f 9 G u
+Ij &&+dl aL;Al &+ ‘+LFJI -
J! iidi+ gJ_lg ~ 6 9 1 b-hi+ $ -*! ijJrJ13 .ol+ & d l - &$I
P -+ J+ 41 L.+, r L k *I U3 L JLAI + d l ;IF ULeJl + &j
;.)-i & - i;rl +Ij +i iFij Y P
- ~d;, +l+$ LgLjj c 9
&.,Y~Y! (-y i.,X 1-1 . . arc,, s,i3 ~ ( - y ' , l ~ ~ i ; ; K + * & ~
? oJ& & d l 3 ~pd+
+ \ IIJY~LS i id~ L I ~ ~
G+-+:pj p3 L & ~ ~ 1 3 J & d l
,pi" 3 ;>L&&i$\ j lSLb&s
.LA sFij .++ bu
L P ~ 2 ~ u $ ~ 4 k &J+ 1 P
+-=d2i*9 &+ $j &iiri+gniS
Frigidity +&?A! - ~ ~ & b b-cb
.k 0 j .+I &u+&Lg
~~~4611 +LJy & $ b ! k I ljU
L ~ L I i>+ > - L &is &dl LC +p Y3 &Maternal instinct
&i2i ; i ~ + ~ - d ~ ~ ~ g l @ J - + 5
hLC ++Ax $! + L y Y I ijJ+j
. ? L b Y i ~ Y $ l +I &I ,I,J! 2 &+2 * "+ 4? 16319
& ,9-a o*;r '3741 f k Y ' 3 - ii+lg & ,+ . , \ d l -91
.Adolescence - 1 4 1 ;, - 4 f 1 -m\ o- . - - - .
4 1 ' " ' 1 - - - b+ii~~lpil~ &lP+i a l d 1 3
. Psycho-genital development d l - JWI L U L ' I -# .) 7 L-g;rsl+3
Sex- ilCiLd13 ilLUl9 y ~ $ ~ 3
gx; p i,& L r ; ~ b .differentiation - i,L! $3 . d l &I r;+ q w l
U+I :&"A+ &Ip A*
kl#I + . Maturity c ~ l l 3 ,Infancy
- ;r9 ;i;;mldl k k 2 ,Senility LI L h l & l & J A f l 3 .Menopause - *- ~i A . GI j
A ud13 Lip J ~ Y &$I C
4~ GI i ,+,-#<, 2 .aL44 4;M d S
J k 9 1 fdGyb3 .$I411 k l G
AF2 .'+$L &L;;SI &+I2 .+I3
1 j 4 3 ~ I j c 4 ~ l GL-. oJ- -\.l 141$! F \ L b d l - . - &* h l d \ & - kJ3 .kL]C&d&
I m. addiction 'ib-JAll ~ J U I
Z A O i,i a ~ c ~ ~ ~ 3
S J ~ ! bFJb
~ p ~ 9 ~ e " ~ & ~ 9
Infantile i$uI klgekll & b l +
j k $ l +& i,i b3 .sexuality
d$ bJ3 -1 @k&
& eey17- 0Lil +L;. (o-g?lJ
; ; J U I ~ 1~~3L3 di & J I ~ ~ L ~ Y I
s; l l Masturbation G d I
3i .Habitual m. i l W & .Cidu!
3i . Normal m. LJG 3i .Compulsive m
.+I oh &I i+ .Psychic m. *&
y3 .++I G+ +I 3i b+-~~3
JLib$l Yl L d I i J U I 3-1 C - . -
hju, Y 3i . Y ~ S *ic i,&.,+dl
-L;C OJWI o h l ib .p$+ L.
IS!, 1 S j U l 9 d L 3 1 4 1 k;9U 'j&l
L, i,+ - &b C k;9U CiO+ pl i,+& &d +& &\ i l W l o h +j
J k w . g m g l & k d & ~ 9 L J . c
.r-~b & iy p + - 41 3 J ~ Y I &+I 41 L l i b
t.;" +I t h Y I +Ct .'++f1
Latency i,+I 5 9 - o h 3 ill*
J&!IJ+ JU . period
&+i - I ~ + g& G L ~ I ~ C
i,I Jl 1 4 1 &* i J , n - z
. . :,1l &a
. 4 4 @-SJI - - Masturbation &! p j J d l - &jj+ &+dl -+ill3
jib1 L~J,L+ 41 p3 -
General-s. ?L_II b+&?-ll e-+Li.lI - , & ' ~ ~ J J A ~ &Lcag 4;&& ,education
s. experience U l - . ;+I j W 1 3 - .+$9 ijl ;?19 2'd3dg'dl ~ ~ I J A Ls3 U Sex-flush ,b ~'d i 'db i)K U3
+ 3 ~ ~ ~ 3 t~ &$I e2bi
d ' d G W I I i . ~ + y
. b e e-Y'&+23a,--.,J ' ' 1
" i 4 A- &lJdl+ &3j
~ + ~ s + , ~ ~ b i u ~ l d ~ &+ $9 &i ;jK 2-39 ,GJk 3
j9c; l lge i dl+2 - 1 G U l JU'U . P
pj* &&dl LfsrI &I+ J! +_JI - 4 F
-1Ip &dl + i l l 2 Y j N
z J L d l p-9 , Prostitution z J L J l S
+ l l +I I& &L% J ,:I! i)91
Us b p ~ Q ~ - j&iIl j& ;i+Ldl
z13yl p&li)& 3 +&ll 2- a& C
;Iy! Prostitute VPgel13 .$-I
+3 ,LJ +I p j ~
~ U L I ; ~ ~ &I+,+LLIJ~&~;JI -
LA - Onanism y! 3+ d l j
U Onan I jw - . + (jLF dl - & A ! - ( \ Y ' / i 7 , ~ / Y A + & ) z l j + I l
- p-! i ) ! ' i)3+-l9 10% +Q+ i)u 1 4 'd l i Auto-erotism - - U3 ,&LYI + & d l +>2iiij - .
+ 2~i~~+& s9 ,i;i &G
& ;2W\ LJL
~'dsbl++ +I +& Aj .b + d l pub &g+I ++I '+ 4 . Platonic love j 9buQl -
UL O+ c t i y g .i+I+ 'LA+
Gj ,LL%I+I 'j- p - 2bt9"dl
Homo- -\+I GELc & - i)+bjg;=r 9 . 9 .
..ijL4 ,i)l$ill j lJi l l jb - ,sexual
-I i jLro j rdI P ' L ~ ~ d j
,&I.‘=J )4 j j S i l l -1$'arl & d$ &ill -
p &4 &$I - djJ\ 3- L z 2 1 3
I &+I - 4~ 3% 9i ' L -i
.JI& - -LA+ 41 i) i+ Sexual ++I i)i 9- b9
.dLUj 23-1 Jgxj bid +&A education
@ 3% L A j u l 3 J Y ~ W &9
'&I k;t Cfb 4Ll3 t i & & +I3 - ' d b ~ U3~jWl+~14~1p3
J% &dl3 bE JLlI t-
+I 4;) + , Love is blind +i +I
r L - 3 ."' XLG.4 r j L i g m L JS & pi^+ & ++I iWI &!+I - 'd L a 4 ~ 3 'LJ? &jl +I b3*
G)-?-'l& 4 9 3 4 4 1 T3-LLI ," - - f Lt+&?s . - J ' ds ,+L 'd l
' 6 J2 + -*I aLWI &btg 1
Ja- & p A & '+dl i'd '*LA++ - 4 1 11 GW'p r l~$ l j . E l q p
b ~ b + ' & ~ u - &I k L t 1
9- ~ a t l &dl3 . +ju )xi&& pi+ gm Sex-differentiation ~ . ? - 1 \ &
3i a l . . . ; + \ ~ A L L ~ & G K ~ ~ Y I
. sex-roles b J l 31i cSF611+ ~ g l & & hi + i , I I k3 'Q~ jCk
--$I b k 9 ~ i 3 ,JL . .
+p@j ,a\+ z + ~ i a, ...;. II
. - *Li -i - - O d l 3 k J L bi Cfb -41 ,u &i ,'u - - eLb 9 3 Feminine type cS$ii611 - elkll
-1 ; M I .Maternal type ;toy%! - .
. '~LLL G~LLLI A ~ ' G I ~ ;>I.+
Jb$l -L; L.,,&&l a2Wb djrg
C
s i l 4 l 3 6. Wl += Lgl Y u3 Consummation J U I d& w+.lI
YI , GLYI -I - a~
9 &i -L+YI, kjyJw1 A ~ ~ I
' W ~ 1 S g r d ' & & P J J g a ;
i W I - + L ~ J P ; ! G L ~ j c - 4Lu L G y J I p &'all 6*1&3 -. -
& ~ \ + Y I + Y ~i YI
d+ Male temperament + d l
r t ~ 4 .sir1 ,I, ;r '&~ i L ~ Z I JU & &I+ i j jSd19 ,.a-
& pJ3 ';J;fall & d l r j l&l+
'LL rJ- '<\I ; bi 1 : , i - ((Eternal femininity ;JMl &S;Ql),
,.a+9 ,--[-LY$I &lj&l & - Z+$I
&i,-fI L w y ~ t l s e l I
323 '&&I ~ L b j & & y Z Y l
U i ~ 4 , G W I p J G ~ L I . Y J & I .. - + JL;Y
3- WI + dig ,JQI -c;c
t++udi - ,L,.,~-LL~
+j .((+A)) - - , w ~
i,++ &I+ G U l ,.abI +I
&*Ql - ' +d l jL - - L Ijj YI ,'+A&
Y h- G ~ ~ j ,&JL - st,;A ~i
Yj ,i";&3
,L ;i+~ ~3 $91 &L+
+iug L i . I b - ~ ?jWI
J+ 151 C YI 5 ii41 ,+ v hi JJLAI
Y ,*h3i3j;divQ"'.,li* 3
+I&\ * 'd! &A\
Sexual frigidity &I 3 lb- .. .. p L a p -+Lk z&U3 i l p d l LC
l & G i 3 wu13 &A\ + &%I C
;,I Y3 .4jlLo! (j&! ;, + L,cL
y ‘j319;011 9 p ~ a I l v;.J\ .. +I
,cL Sexual ethics -1 j )~1'111 + 3 ~ ~ ~ 3 rs~gvl~ a i 4 1 3
d3 , i+3 L+ 5 4 1 b~ J 'LaJ
a ...; II dj-s
Libertine -LYlj . C ,Libeftinism ;i,S,LYl . G .sw~3 * .. - -
& .. G3 k i ; ' ~ I+ Chaste "&+id!
.' Y3 .ijL! L~L,: Y
I 2 11 j)CihI I L I ~
hi ~5 ,b+, 3i ,-I WL , Ligitimate kr3- \MI J,- Sexual purity &+I\ ;JI&!\~ - 4 2 j , o ; ~ t ~ i i ~ \ ~ ~ i ~ .. ~ f " ~i
d c
',b * +3+ 4 c'3d13
c'3)ll ? 451 o h aLLj ,j%$l
A hi 4 fJ- is 4 iJ+~
LA d3 ~ ' 1 1 1 ;, A% $ 1 1
.IF : dJg I & .. ~ ~ ~ ~ $ 1 JF
*Jb~ ~3 hi + ,?J + A & c u b di pa3 ,~lpLlI -&$I
J k $ l 3 &lid\ +JL + Jji C 9 + 6 1 4 I I ,L.,~I
~i~ .-I bu, b~
+L 9 us, Y3 ' J d L 4jlA
G U I ,cL L& L K ~ A L ZJ$i)) JkyI
5 4 1 &y3 ,(GAL zyi,) -9
pdi .. L;A~ U~L$L+- .. .. y l s
l4Ll5, -1 pS .. l-&L;J\3 '&.dl
.+' 9 3
&A1 "LL 4 2 . . a ; f J I G)Ccflj
OLC e3 , a i 4 1 s;c L-, ckl;;j
labydl ~~ LWI + 54 JJ+4 SSWI ? L I UJ-C i J d I bL3
Sexual 2 .. .; 7 \I 7 ...; f 11
9 JJI;JI &y13 ,potency .. a++- & A 1$919'+A&
4ilLo*ol Y +3 ,&iLoenl G + wl L3 &'& JJ& &
5
&$ Ip ;I+\ +Ji cT;Z ;t+,LxJI
I Ind;ll Fidelity ,\+)I 9 . Loyalty -9 -. j%91+ 2l2-, Ld%i -
J s b l t 9 9 1 yk k 9 . L ~ + l I
+gjJI CL;rl+&j '"1
.'u~g, z 1 9 j J 1 & Marital infidelity
3 &-d l p Climacteric pul - C
4 1 k;LY &IF .;\+I
Jl "JL,noj,,~3LI&+qw P
dl 9 'by9 ~~~ 9 J+ Li I .u ~u&l (d .,AG -9 t J 9
.$! L r U I GLhj .;jI&l +JJ -
.-I 14~=~41i;i+1 LLG~
+9 p &I9 1;t43+ cl3jJl9
b9+9 &-4l9 &J & y l k 9 +9
+j .&iL;L;YI ;&dI +i Y c 1 3 p l l
I ~ J I ; ~ ~ ~ ~ + - - ; ; ~ , J ~ J I ~ I c9
L & U 1 ;@I Polygamy ~ k i d l - vG +L43+ wl+ dX9
F F
&'dl z 1 3 j J l ya ;uI3 3 cljjJI bl V C
I $1 ;JULI .;+I 9 . Monogamous c9
*ir + W I 9 +I W 1 9 . Polygamous
F P + U I 3 +l+l I+
p Reward and punishment principle ..
g 3 - " + U I $iiYI &33 '-&+I - . - J+ +lc +d I& '+gjl i r % W I
C+lc~.+~3+ ,Li a + 2 , ~ s ~ ~ Ji .++id L~
4 1 ; 7 ; ; 3 & + ' + + 2 u ~ . .
+LLII~ +I+\ i, s& .. . ik~~.., + ia3 .L ,i L L+.+
k a ! pb u- . Z J b
+iG 3i +g 41 &+I +IY -
3 i ~4 , , # I I L+G u2 .I& c
ij r~3Jd13 JIpbtl &U
.&&dl J$&J .. - The Physiology of Reproduction:
Marshall, H. A.
- Sexual Life of a Child: Moll, A.
- Analysis of the Sexual Impulse: Ellis, H.
- Ideal Marriage: Van de Velde.
- The History of Human Marriage:
Westermarck.
- Sex in Man and Animals: Baker, J. R.
- Nudism in Modern Life: Parmelee, M.
- Man and Woman. Studies in the
Psychology of: Ellis, H.
- Love in Children: Pfister, 0.
- The Eation of Love Between the Sexes:
Bell, S.
*:* *:* *:*
o1M ri;K +Ip i L U l j (3LLrxi*uYI
~LUI i;, L ~ L ~ ~ I bCLi 3i &4jil LiLKdq Reward situation
j- bi &UL +&'dl
d+I &+-..I +L;fl G U Y 1
Primary &'dl iL11,fl 3 .++&I
-+L t k I . c & - ;A $1 reward
d3 &;~Ic+ +L u3i BLL ~ L + J ?LG bi el^ +
L&WI iCbK.Jl9 L + L J-c
9 d i l l - Jklq ~ $ 2 $K Secondary r.
b Jkn3 &kt&I . C G3
bi + Token r. hri ;bL 'ki L - ~ L i ' d l GLWI i-4, t+& 'd
~ L o ; l g L ~ l i u g ~ 4 ] ~ j ..
o ~ ~ ~ ~ & 4 - : ~ 2 b i & ~ . C
J j g l AuJL;fl &j - . i l l b W l
I*LQJ , ? 8 4 i j ~ - . lgkn;,? I+
',L Guy1 ijdj L L j . p W I ',L & &k 'dj &.!I 1 . b cJk (pa
Ex-traneous -eJL i h ~ &b # +IJQI p-- &A LLS l i b ~ r .
6LkLJl 3 .Intrinsic r. -+I i iCbLL
L ~ L J 1 ~ ~ 1 1 9 j;l+lj L & L . J l
L . Z ~ W ~ + L ~ ~ & I ~ & ... P
.&+i ~ ~ k i 4 - +L +A&
p .. + u l g +I+I isLn +Ag
h + b + k A ~ + i ~ ~ + JL
b+& &I Thorandike &&IJ$
+Lid I + + Law of effect $91 i ~ J ' d 1 3 ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ 3 i 3 c
J ~ Y I L(e19~3 U I ~ ~ L
1 &L cfP&Jm A&p+ -
a 6.151 .. 3i Fd~ +I 9 j h l ..
J& dil~9i.+d~ - 1 1 ~ ~ .WI $U
Aj--;l~iJ-Llr : ;-L > - j r 4 l 4iag LReinforcement principle
&UL Positive r. & k y I - ;&! A ('u ~>LII 3i i : - -LLYI . .
Negative b . l I >+I9 r + 3 ++A\ ---- - & M I L L ' d l . . i 9 ~ & +l;iCtL r.
+3.++++~&~w~ 3i 'LIJ GLYI 3i ~LUI ~ $ 2 ;i b~~~ -.
L l & i s ! ;r;-. d+ JY9 piill ; ~ J L ;LUI brs~; bi 'L+ d3
G~U, d b L h l ~ ( ' U 2 4 6 )
~ L k b L p w L ~ = ~ ) %?*
ifb Positive r. -41 . . iLUlj - Positive -41 >$I -k JI - + &h & d l .reinforcement - - OLUI +34\3 .&3 LLYI . . jlJ+L.+LU!LLU;LS+++ - Negative reinforcement &I >&I -
Negative 2-1 iL~l_ell 'bi LI
bl L K ; s .+LJ& aLUl 3i reward
p&e~L-&l$wl -
JS &;;U I jb L r. expectancy &KJI
.+Ij - -1 d+ L & u i,& 991
Jl ifb - Delayed r. a t 4 1 a b b J l j
+I G3 'c2d1 ;y? +i;, L L Y I . . $3 &l&Il - &$I -
& k ' d r 3 w + % 4 L
,, .;+ Y! ~'LuI
. Interval reinforcement ;+dl+ >&&
jJ& G3 . ~ L I -. Aic * $L3
L~)-IL! $12 J& • & L ' d l &
GY+ & j>-j ~ 3 - +b3
c - 9 +sL. @ W L + 3
.(+&.&A
L ig* $L;; , W I j + J
4 y - 4 .+I+! l+JI - 5 dLG+
r>& Punishment situation +Lid\
,'dl3 .(igw~ +) hbi
4 ; ' ~ i y ~ J- QU + I d 1 + $Ij
-w L! . J ~ Y L J1-?1
i+ il.;;! di ji .$I
.IJLU+
kJ ji i;' iu Y ji +in o-L2
U;U ji bU2 i ~ 9 ji S+ i y ~ 4 ; ~ ~
5
Formal -+!I & + I d 1 3 .+ ,& bl - ~uhg; j~,~i+~.-p j&d~ - + + I d 1 q24j '+J al+ La*
~ L J L JS 9 3 Informal p. -+!I
9 &I pA+ 21>91 (-y -. + I d !
',+I - 4- +WIj .-+dl eejK.L
I I Corporeal p.
4;sj .(.\+I 3i &I d k i j
i,$i 4 c b j j j .Incorporeal p. ..
5
*Jk JU &4 b& L& ~ b u l - P '
U I j i h ~ j j l . 5 i l ~ L 4 L + G ~ ii
+ Joi ~ g l b& iij b ' ~ > +L . - . Luz&'uJl c-J+ b y *
' / r u P 9 ,,P ,i J+ 'I* dj I* 6 ~ ~ s - o ~
'p.l 2I;;;2 bi,3+5!l & $Jk? L ( d i q
u ojld j~ L ~ ~ ; u ep2 5
j 1 +Jki+\ d!+ $i9 6 6 &>A&
. b i _ l b J A a p I+& 2~
ibLiJ1 . 5 ~~SUL&&I - kJ3
~ w l s - ++i b+, .'h '6 24 l j l 5 'dl + +&d& +& 'd
2 L.&L Jl d!j kJ3 .+LC
+ b i & i p ~ & s l , p & ~ .. J&Z
~ ; u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i i s l k n .. J!+ ~ ~ 9 1 aL\$'d! &4 JJ2&k
~$J~I)ke4+.&+-?+9
51 dl L-,'l\ < I j l -L3 .&l+i!l
'4 ~+Iii.dl b .. . 52 j - Y ax ,--; j;kLj + -;yj
bi Y \ .&JLJI -I JI ;L~L~L 6 -
, g l SUI + &+ Si dj
;, &L ;;I wj .&LYI 5 4]& i;l -i I i &>MI (JA j &I3 ;4?+ - 5
I +& .Expiatory p. 5 5
Gjb~jl+&p&J3lp+Lj+,
MI g 3i +.+I g - J& - .u++ 3l j b ~ ~ J ~ L
P. by JidL +lkJl +I &I+ b A 3 -4 + L&J Upha p3 .reciprocity
:JLj 4 4 &L &Ij *L *I L& (;+,;;?<7,i,; . ( +G, ,, . . . &+
wJ& Lb i3 . ( \ Y-L - 3-11) 4% . I ~ ~ . 9 9 ' - j ~ L & + l k J l 1 ~ -
jL+&i+ - 4i11 d~ - . ~ b i
p - Divine p. &'dl +Lid1 - wL;lL - ‘ L &*'~r!l - t+ + -1 13d+ &dl J3&l h d ~ L&
C
1% & .+ 13& bi ljPb
: J L ; d + , l + L J ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 P G . 9 , +!,as & . Q& . JL \>*
9 jkL +.&; 7+ \;+.*I + * .
- ;+\) d7&i 7&j~ 'J! . .
+ p&b ilj+ll J+- Uj '(OL
.i +Lk dj G9 .&\dl 3- p-&
wj \Y i)LS (.L;; .Midas p.
.oj+ ~ 9 1 4 i ; 4 k G L Y I
2% &Ld\JkL?yj\+&~L3( - - -. & - i r + & & J ' j ~ l L C * l
L"
0% -3 9;L;spdI 43Lb1;13I3 4;:.n., - ." &
l ~ - , k k l l p - J ' ( d W l ~ + ~ ~
p L , b + J + l s & J + l
c"-cii.' p - -LA@! JJy A3 .&%
&A c+l &sgiy. + +Lid1
'GIJ-L~ -& Y #-Ll - JLL
&>9, - La, 'kP LAIF J! a A J J
ij- l ~ L + +)all J! -
' 4 Jhi 3 A WI bjw - 4 :-kj:J\l && &+I I d + u3
+ .lnadquate personality F+l\ + 3: pu +LJI ;IF &si + +, di
, ~ J I + +id3 .o~;;YI 49 . P
+ W I t&GA&JJ .+.+I U 3 L j
&J Aversive p. J4i i !4 + -+&M L y ~ t 4 c~~ 'I+\
& 2-IL E W ' 4+
-+Get4 &+&I J+'i ;jLL?;uuYl
~91h+)a l1+;d~ ih '& & Ii4dJ;4kP &*?
+++ Y 4;i +LJI guvl13 . - .&&! - dJ3 '+14;11+ 'Ue* L
+ 9 Natural p. &I +Lid1 3 - 7 . 7 , 7 , J4+ +a) :&%I g +-I t-
, 7 ~ r P :&%I,'(\YT-.O~) I,
, C - G s . - C " P ' . 4 ' u 2 . . F L j - t 4 )
.(Ib -&J+I)
J-~LJ -41 ~ l - i +3
LL &i - L J ~ p L ~ &I-, + k ~ i +MI
& d l &c ~ 2 1 4 1 i,& t. , ,,,; ; :-! ' -
LLI 3i +, tj12 dui - ~ J I
-dl - +Lid1 + +dl y+Jg &Ll &IJ - 33 .&L+YI - +IAI 3i 241 3\
4 +LA+ J3-4-11 +.sJjJ
'OS u+i + yj .?+L WI
F K i Y d;(f3 '+I;; r r 4 l Yj && J 3 d l (Jk3 'Pl;fl J;c a+AiJI
e c9-tl b l u +\ '-++I &3
b I 4 l 3 '* c+1+3 *&L+l
i;lJ -+L & 3 4 L A 3 .-
J 3 d l o b iJJ&i Y Li+ em 41 L i L J I +LJ 'k - (>I3
&j . JU~I -L3 ~ _ ) 9 d \ j&l - bi3 + ?+I &% - A ~ $ 1
'd, J L I bjjgsr3 tJ+ +ulkJl b$&
+ U I yl&l g kilLd13 .&3Lij
L4 3 ~ 2 dS9 1 I+ - + U I ;;j&j3
J! Self-effacement a1J1
+++&I - & J U I + W I a\*
3i3 L~ A JAJI +-.+ 3i
.p--J' w4 q . . - jd
A di j-\l - &I ~ ~ & L J J 5
91 Amputation of personality ' " 1 <. . I
o . . e s a a r L g J & l - .;,A s3 'L&3
+m1 + JL &a\ - a:,-L,:‘! &iU
i J! 4jl i 4 3 6 & + 3 ~ ~ - tw - . . u L J I i p AZ kd3 .+%I
i-.--h~~~l+~o~~iji
+ ~ ~ ~ + ~ s ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
p% G3 .LLGd ;?q e l F zW&
p ' ~ ~ , ! J ~ L L J L L ~ I ~
~ 1 a 4 di 3i Y! ,A-
&ll *\&\ DL & -9 ,Autism ..
t " 9 " ~ ~ $ k W ~ ~ g , i , + p. + L l l *b - &+3\ +a + I;;
3i 6 ~ - 3i +L pi;lb 'phantasy
62' &,!*'dl - +I fBj &a '+li;;& Y
. ;yPU' L4
~i +u 41 a ~ J ~ \ +3
+ Q&Yl jd+ + A+
Study of Rewards.
- Levin, K.: The Psychological
Situations of Reward and Punishment.
In <<A Dynamic Theory of Personality>>.
- Banduara, A.: Principles of Behaviour
Modification.
- Skinner, B.F.: Science and
Human Behavior.
&A dj3 L & . ~ L d l . LY . - bl + $1 Alpell 'j-4 #I ++ $L b! *3 .+L;iJl k PJk? L + 2 3 U I i 1 .-L
- . t"- L+
& t J ~ 3 -U\ -lJ2 F U lT 1 1 1 - -
cpr! p3 - .OL +19;11~ +I>
p. by ijL+L +Wl cj& 23 bLp91
+L ?U] + 'Xh deprivation P , P i+Q'd~3149.+9--i U&UI
~9b.G~ @ lj!~;i +-I Y
Distributed tj+I +Ldl, . & h ‘ d L . .
J C Z ~ ~ K us+lkrlliSi LP. +LGLPf\J - &A +Wl I b - 4;9 ++dl
+l;jJ13 .Wholesale p. &+SL +LdJ
'd! +WI o$k 4j Preventive p. t2l3l
..I291 ',lc >k &I
- Thorndike, E.L.: An Experimental
P= d l 3; Reinforcement >+I
+ k Y l - >+I J+ . L . . 1 1 p C
(irl &'dl a&- .l-9 Social r.
is+ +A "i 41 ..
.+rs di;? LB, 4i~q idrlj b~
JL p ?LC+ L +i >+I3
r. theories >+I ~ k + ~ .+I
- - L +dsLcJ I f iYL+ , . J . dj)(Sj ( \ 9 11) Skinner + tl+i
+ ~ 3 & L% ~ J I L ( \ s r - ) HUII JA
'j&L3 .>NL 0j!+I3 d.!+\
4;4 a - K&)) -tic Law for r.
&+*dl *j+ j\$ ktL& - $91 pa9 i .Z~LYI L+L,-C y+L+j
I L & I > 3 L & h J I o L 4 - 7 ; ? & J I -
$UI &"d +WI &L3 ,'jl+Yl
AS bi 4 ; ' ~ @ di 'jb '&I . - - " $&'dl o h ~k~.lwl ijYld', I - & Z L ~ I ji .LWI AYLJI - i.UI l> JI 'jL.,& - - - 341
&C s&> 'Habit strength (SHR)
r. $+I $9 ,Q-! >&I 'j&L
3 4 $9 i i Hypothesis
& ~ - ~ 4 t 3 ~ b ~ - L p
j d l pr! 6 4 1 & &Lki Jaiklk Skinner box 2&W &G
.Secondary reinforcer &kJl - Autogenic r. 'L&Jl $1 j >+Ij
+l &UYl 54; L L >+I t+ 9
4rcL&; & wr, r,t'JI I,;,, +li; '+I j
itJ~>j_Lj9j ' i j L i l . < klS
Ll&l c +.I1 6 + M I 5L5 l j l External r.
L ~ L LG ji ~ L L 5~
.+ 4;i ji rb A + d>i?).illj
w & ~ 3 ~ s ~ ~ w ~ 5 i ~
r. ~ j - 1 1 J3l- jI L .! ?I
>+I ;A iji dj +j 'Schedules
j?+l g L45 Continuous r. 5-4 .. L31s , , +&I JS +b ''&$I - L u 4 fAy 5~ 5i ji ' +I
L b &&I JS +L % Intermittent r.
4f Jl& A dJ3 '&I d j ~
-cjj . Partial r. &+I > d l - ;4;! &i - 'Ratio r. i>y .j&
?+- dU 'irLL?r;r!+JL+ La
J-2 ' i rL&YI + &A 2- u y l
J+ 4JMl O;M '>+I i j l .. 'Fixed ratio r. +W1 j = r y 4;!
d+ 4 ; i - ! & L U Y l O . . L j '\&C
qV]! 'u Operant behavior j I p I . 5
~sgkl 5 \ 4 1 &jp. ji ~jl+I
p-!>-4&udcLL& + ' J I r U l 1 P
J+L ~ j+ ?+J ' Reinforcer j d l
jig! LL;Y!,;,,js- . . J! +>& + ~ _ t
&i - bb + - &+I +I ~9 @j .+UI
b+ ~ d j & ~ . + - ~ i ~ +
e~;? .+91 j>~
>- &Il$l & & 3 f l 5lgLLlrtl
I j l 5 bb 5 LyLkl l J+ % p o;+
6 4 1 &!Sf! & u3
+ U l jlPl 6 L L I . . bb ?Wdl 532
6~~ 51 z.+ J+~ J k i ,;,,- bi YI + '+j - . Y JI -1- '+I
'LG p +j .uji dj L ~ L - > r ; r l e y ~ l q W I . j , & ~
$ 9 1 &L 2 .. 'Secondary r. &+kJI - Ll+,ylg + J d I Primary r. J~LI -
+ISfl L* (j& @Ij L&WI -
+ k J 3 (pJ') +I 4 1 ;, -. ?WdI & 'hi &Lj .+UI jlp!
'Primary reinforcer J ~ Y I j+l p,!
p +3 ';+I 3i LUI ;+I >+ J31.+I a h -9 -1 i)-h4
+.ill :JWK .. &I-&* +I
-I3 iiJ,-dl i+Jb ;is 1 :; dI
>+I i+i3 '+UI ;$ A 11 + a-+t !I
.+I
la JILL 4 r. value >$I -q3 .. j9- J h l & + ~ + ~ d +
l b> -Lh&J !e
+ j>~ GK I+ .GLL 9i &kJ\dl
t+ J L I i34j &! ~ 1 % - ;;' >+I b~ L.L 'bJ3- 3i +&YI 'Li at -9 j h l 3 ' Positive r. -4.0 - . .
& Negative r. u ]U I >+I ~i~ b&l+ J+izIl 'dL& + & d l ..
L & k +la& ++dl & . L k L Y l . Z1+l p Extinction .Lkkj'dl 3 .'u
o , l l , ; , l g ) > > d l 2 & U I
b3-, Y Gi +3 , (EXT --YI .. .&&'dl &3+ i>& jr+ d b
Jjlu 4 et;;Il +aj
I I 2 - . , . a 1 I I
& +d &&I +I% Differential r.
a!+ &a \d L L Y l . . +L 4dg
'@I+ 241 cj& -+I & G3 5
J - L ~ GI -3 Random r. ..
& 1 I L+5 a L L Y l . .
, ' ~ - i +L+k iJ2 & L ~ Y I L+
+ilk>$& a1 4 Lpd.lj3
b& J99 .Variable ratio r. ;&I
;& ,Interval r. a19 ;;4 241
%+ q J+ ,shJ cJi JS
& 5 6 31 ,Fixed interval r. +Ul
+L+l \bU+ Gi YI z- + ;&I alJLJLjd+Jlp . - d.li3+L
? U I d9 .Variable interval r.
9 ' & - 4 & + - %$I & &I
+ 3% .-+UI + +si
L, -4;rI3\ iJLJI3 L t J l ;.tL(L;fl Jag
.(Mixed schedule) %$I ?gk, bi &3
& +JL; @L;; Jig3
Jj&l ?ll;! 2 4 ;;I a & a X j j
%+I + +I 9 + ~ + i tzd~
j9\- bi3 J,UJI ?u+
$1 3i +A& &I %+I
zc,,,,;tL +Ul %$I J31+ + +kis
+ d l J3ld.Sbi3 ,;+LJ j3\+ + +M si ;+I i ;l;k~\
5 C
I ~ ~ + ; 4 ~ ! U ~ 3 i ' 1 5 + i
LgW &L &a ~ + i ' A l lidr Lkrll ;r$l '+j .& i;c il&+l ..
-3 A u Li+i @ & Jk Classic conditioned &&WI &+I ..
& &+i3 j& d , I lidr bb & j bL;* L&C F+lJ ?MI +A r.
L&A... , L k r l l g - +&'dl & I j ! +&'dl kglbss"
+ L I &i - L-~;, L ~ I . . o i g ? >&13 ou3 kg?i
Y -. p,~~\~~r;r~~ JL;L~++I
& dig 6J,&4%-11 +J - .
j l + L '&LAY1 -1 - - ~3 L+J 1 j l +dl J3> ~JL+
~ d d l j @I Jj> & k ~ j ! 3 &.dl ojJ LrJS4 $i irag
MI j3j; u3 -I:
4;4 j:+ '0- 3i ~ d b Superstitious &\+I d,\,,,tl 1 L t , - I LA >+I $k3 ' behaviour - - F ~ F p ~ + d + ~ ~ i p ..
2 P i Llq ' ~ L L ; ~ I + 3i b ~ u j y ~
6 9 'Adventitious r. +JLIl > d l
& d l >$I Li3 . Homogeneous r.
>+I & Heterogeneous r. .. Operant conditioned ;l,yl &+I - ..
&LY >+LY gjJ--;-LL3 & .. &IS,Ib, r.
' I U \ r b I + l L d d jL&p+~~ CLkl12+L+i
k e ~ ~ ; ; L ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ w +&I 4 d J ~ Y I MI bi &x3 >r;n3 .L?,AL;; & L811yyWI &dl
&dl 9 Contingent r. &j+J1 - 'r&
i,+q +L;;YI ,J, ~i ,+L+YI ~idr d9 3i gl
- 7 - 2- i) i b k d b , ~ ~ ~ D-
90:>ul -1 ;iu91+ Delayed r. & d l >$I3 .+&‘dl . . .. . . . 9
2& i)& $b?y\ &+Jl 2
Social 2 c \ a 7 %'dl ;\ : ,Lo; 7 ll
I l,.L,:II 3i , upbringing - 0- -l f I +LA\ ,Socialization
;\A11 &LL; - i+.c Lgri)&&l "
xLd13 d+I 4 'j* ' + b Y l
4 L i + C l Lgr A\ 'ro\ a L & ' d l 3 - &&I p@ ' L e J K ; ;p $1-
, Social maturity '&e.;r! -hi.. + s. mind @k+'dI & J l & ~ J \ J - "
S. + L ~ ; ~ Y I a , 1 : tr LT~)+~
i)& ; i_LCb'dl GAiJ13 .mindedness
b 3 , 4 + ~ + J u k
& % h ' d 1 ~ 3 u & dikcd~ $4 ' i i JL+ G~ .s+r . -
.Aperiodic r. d ~ 3 - l 'd >lr; &I 5 ;&I - "
grb Irrelevant r. -mI + >$I3
,;;;lWI uw4 43% 4 j4Sj Y\
.;Lu @b ' j I 4 G U I LJ3+ u ;~UI grb Serial r. -1 >$I 3 -
W S
e *I% - @*ell JA -lJ
L~..-, - . -2 3i OL;LLA e& .. I - i ~ + j s ~ ; h u 1 ~ 4 +.I? &= -
grb Terminal r. jlgJl >&I3 .&!I -
i' UI + ?ki L= +I ~LLL. .l-ltl ;~g, &+ G@-, 'jL
.+ cp*l 'JuLiJb + I ~ I ; tz~f~+~ ' i i +i )
. (+La1 3
:?I-"
- HIJII, C.L.: Principles of Behaviour.
- Thorndike: Animal Intelligence.
*:* 0:. *:*
JXI + s. Character +&'dl - s. institutions +\-I . 5 a\-Y+
&dl3J &L+YI .. t&l &lk. 4 ..
eL; U&1 .Adult socialization ..
~;.dw~,u++&~i JL
&)li k;,l!+*19&)sL-fl+ckkll
L i l i , ~ d i & & 3 L * t 7
Ji;i i;JI - L&+Yl ELd l j (qLkll ijgS;s ,The super-ego &id1 ~ i d l
l y l Conscience ;4L+ Ll 3
aL5K J\ Gy* aL5K + by&
alji Id! ,Social being L+ld;Zl
k,cl&rYl GSi!13 .s. selves & L l . 5
4 - .&I Ju3 &LIJ 'L+i bldj
Gj ~Lii~iJ3~yi,&L=
9 3 .&&I iYbj &LI3J +iJ&
~ 1 ~ 2 ~ ~ L 3 . k LC&" - @I
919;; i;JI .. ~ l ~ ~ i d l ~ , k L + Y l &&dl
.bi ;+ + ~,\-i +lF 5
a:,L.-;;13 .* - - +\p3
3i JLL~U .I*
Social learning &L+! @ -+ - I - 2 4 1 L @ & ,
5
OJI 321 - Social interaction ++'dl - 3 && Lj Social roles &&'dl
+..+,++3.J+L-.
+j L U u && a+\
i,e;L~~3~bmpli;? s. norms k,cl&rYl LlL&l
I c w u j &\I J%+J 32
peer +L-$;lj .i,Ll 4 3 - , ; i ~ f i ' d ~
LA;+ kkisl+l& .. ,group
Li+J+Gj L i + + & - 4 a L k t+3 ~a!d! vLk.J(-4
L+ 4+1 A- . < - YI ~ j t I
w - 3 .&l,-,Yl * L d l
~ ~ L G Y \ w ;lg~j L- b ~ j J+JI
_,I;;, &I &L4 jY l4+L ;J I - ~ + I L + ~ + J + + U I +
~ ~ ~ _ g u J l a ,,A; 1'1113 .'&-..I
& - & 'kk~! U l - Sociopathic
6 C--X-I 2- I d3Lt I J lpi
I A A ~ ~ I 5 +GIJ & k L + Y ! i%ij!3
k~+ ! Z_,L 'ki u3 ' ~ L I .
U . - d+JI ;Ii ,3 i S. participation
IL ~ ' L L +, bi YI +I gCL - . - LI j j\*! & <A; + I\ J-? bi & G Y I
$ ~ L f + j l s - u b b i + ~ ~
?u, J! j3-+ &_jiill - ~ L L ~ ; L & k Y l _,! 3i~~ &4 UJ &$L -
L
9 - $MI +iJ +, +I ~ L J I - ;~.?,L~;-J\ Js -dspkt\ & &A3 -*I
,,at\ , JJL;; 2, q 9 l +L;5YI
J i+L i, pi;s '$i;r~~ 3b1
bj&j9 ~ J J L & - P*G .i3>& JU~I
.eej&+j eejLLj l + L Sociophile w3 ek+% &+LA Yi;JI l..-Z..J . : I
e&f JLLYI I L3. -12 +a A"&&+ &d l - 9 k L + Y I
+A3 .a\d\ d~ . t&j . p&.ii\\
s. +La;lt.YI ~La&Y;btl &d
&i 2, 3i ' L A+3 attitudes
y $ 1 ~ ahkl C;l m+ 9 I i I ..;j3 - - .&I - - IL,
j,';l13 a ~ L ? L j ~ ~ - ;~+&;LJ+ Sociomorphism
;IL + JI - ifbg - '&L+YI - &I
& $+ L JL-YI cj+
9 +p d+ &i - A PLL 3i +I$
a L k Y 1 d . b d l - C @ii3 J-dl
p *sJl (d +a3 '&&I
PLLLII uIg;lI J-i
611 - &d l A 4 1 ( j A JZXj +La\
L+ 6 ipk i j l j J-JI bLj
Y \ ~ I : , u++y3
d l + I p a LL31?Lj ijpS_1 L*ir
3iulg;l'L+&i?gl;lj1;1:~&l~
+ d;U3 '(JL7_,L - - +LJ L;i . . J o L Y l .LLL;IJ
I i!-w1. +A GLj! - ~ A I A I I - J ~ ~ ~ ~ . & L . L L ! U L ~ L ~ L ~
2 .. dJU1 $ W I & &.J .ubL
+Li+!l)) - pu1 &&'dl AbWI
Sociophobia tI-e;?Yl UJ3 .((socius
& u;.sd;3 ' t b Y l 4 L C U I iZd)
.a41 Id,L "&MI L~cY13&MI &3 .. ..
J-& ;+p3 ; L 9 A 1 1
JI+;+*+I Jar1 ,+I
2 9 1 *& &I .. &WI3 bu u 41 w 3 b4;:--,
. ; . g3;g LaJL! g -
' O M L j 4j&+ J ; r j g '~guue, F - 0 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ 4: ...; II oJ~3Ji 6
&lp a : .:&I &+91 'Open cultures ;jssl&. abk & L a 3
b ; ~ k Closed cultures LLLL i jbk3 U c "
4 .-kAl+&L;IUL$$ ;+Y13
am3 .& L- +..
LJL3 &k;;r-Is L.J$ ijL+j
X r Y l &Lug>l lisL'dL LL* b ?
2 4 1 pk ;Lk 9 " dJb3
+ >i Y! 'L~L ijbJ+ 'QL
i~fi4 + ~ g j 1 2 i i U;IJL~~ Gi +I
. k Jk d b & ! d
c'&L;s=;;yl&+l+dl;mg
~ j 4 ~ 1 AL ~i 3W s ~-LL&.u 2-41 ;I3 LJ12-&iuk +Yjl&plg;'Jl&l(P& -
.@ z+c2d\ J+I A .+ ;i (P
j 3 ~ ~ ~ i g j l ~ ~ ~ s 3 & 2 L L&++ s3 l + + >
'.,I,; ci;i i 3 Jpk! (P
;i ji J ~ L 41 - & d l +lF;d1
(P4~L;b&~j+.Ct.'j3l*
JL~I 4+13 .irky3 J S L
d9Ltl 9 Problem behaviour
J%ic\ +JU- & d l U S ~ d ~ - + && dil l 3 , Psychopathy Cr-iLj - - 1% d3 rMaladju~tment 314; F~
'+I- >- d 3 L " djC& dU
Non- & h l Y . d& 4 ,Maladjusted - .Antisocial t~T-d JL 3i ,social
&A1 _pb, Problem child JSLLJI J&JI3 - @;.p 4~o-I +“JI ~ ~ ~ q f
:+9
- Bandura, A.: Principles of Behaviour
Modification.
- Goslin, A.: Handbook of Socialization,
Theory and Research.
, Decision making process J I ~ I j k i l
,(I f \I c - n l *!&I dX3 - 3+ A3 .Creative thinking dJIS&Yl .. i LL ZWI ,SYI+I OL b J . .
eL! b l ~ 4J w Z*&L
4ji JI 4;ij . A 4s3 .o+ +$i b -1% hi L+ ar -&MI LYUI p - .-ULU + s ~ j LJL ; 1 ~ bij JI
i O ~ + & i j i 3 . y ~ ~ ~ + + i 3
b+dd3 LLLdL '+$I3 - .J+I
$ ~ , . i & ~ d l ~ + l l g - Jfll- - d G L A G & U L & I + % - Gestalt ;, I I 1, .:.? II &iJ +j .'hi -
J-,, + L ~i psychologists
J-I &La(.& I \ \ C Y l z A'&JI
J L ~ Insight +-+pd=3rL . .
;I; d+j . 4 ; % j 3 ~ 3 ~ g ) i Problem-solving behaviour LULJl
d l aYI+l ' j ~ d A 3~ . ..
+ , a b Y 1, A3 is,.+& 4 1 $C
i;u di 4h2 ,+MI b 9 1 ~b g - ( \ S T 7 - \ A O Y ) Morgan ijbJy A J . J
d J ! ~ & ~ + W ~ & + J &
a u d l *& d+ p* aLls;--rl
trial- 'wl3 k13LdL (dL;]l. -+A *ii 9 , ( \ AS L ) .and-error learning
( \ 4 t 9 - \AVI) Thorndike 41iJ$
3 j . ( \ ~ S ~ ) 7 - . - - . I' 0 L
4 .l;r41 J~~ . . LU:, ' j ~ +i +3 i r j~9 b ~ i LA ..WI OJ&ir
a L&-,,,, , ( \ 4 \ ) Hobhouse
L&131+ 41 - a l u ~ l i)a kCy+a
i j p d l a~;& + bl3+A
41,~~s' sr, di jw2 .uu UI & ah u J d &i
~ I J J Y L bK
& I++ IJJj '2: '--r, .-;J13 ~ I d J 3
j-d+4ylnill~a~l;.;ll ..
dl& LJ3 6 . 4 ,aLe;aar13 - u l
*&;tBz'Laar+++&
'Scanning +I -1- - . - 31 5 . i,-.Q dl J~
w
2 i,g+\ J-J d a3 .&d Lj-1
9 i . 9 ~ L b ~ s , ~ 9 . k ; + ~ b ~ , \ ~ ~ - ~ - + + a L i ~ ~ l t t T ~ ~
&! & Sj ' b r ~ o . J S U I JAW\ & Associationists G P w e
J% u + + 1 + ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ 9 1 ~ ~ I ~ I .. .. dic9 : I
J+LA J\ &a gi i 6 j W I - & d l i+Ul al+& L L Y I ,.a&+
y L ; r 1 9 LgAg 3 L & a 1 9 $Ldl
jycw w;;i, ;;, LaJ3 ..bl+xiL to
LA3 '9~Li ,& L'+w'+
4!+2++'yy I ' d
9 ' t - - ; 2 3 ' r ~ ~ ~ + 2 ~ g o g l \
+jL+ L 3i + +19; 'd L &>
9 i . b ~ \ ; k ~ ~ s ~ i L ; ; J ~
J+' +lJa13 .+ 319; 'dg a>
kLJh zgfaz. Hypothesizing solution
U j ; r \ ( l _)\I &.II)$j
j+J .b &kill & d l JS;Y1& - Y! 'u Y J ~ W I +I+! 5 a ~ ~ v - I&, (-J*jr;? & d l , u s w ~ g k ~ ) .+I +i ~ g , &&L2
+l$'d s+ F b
+jL$l +*I dj +j ' J+l
LL'L i,i p9 iAlg~r i thmi~ method
L g t + a j & & m l C L
i,j+4j ';sJk3 p,.aL 3 o w
L&4 j& A A ! - a & b ' d l
Lw~ 9i -41 -k bi A L
;i JLI 4;- L dip - b,. I P
d L ,.aI-l LL) -.I teI,;fl
9 - ,i LI~JI 9 - k3 .LL, ;i@l p - 6 J& '-,l-! LaJ&
b& hi u *w ?j -~ i - i~ I kj9 ;EL 'LLb'_tiu.'&d4&,l
dz 4 i 1 .-i aL-9 .Ly9 L ~ ~ . & ~ + ' , L L A ~ L
& Cognitive way > d l ++i - - i,& 2 &L3 'JsWl JAL;Il
i , ~ ~ ' L y r 3 & A ~ l j ' i ~ ~ G9 '-\ 9i - - .- 1 -11 +d l Ii!
J1J5LLJlyL;hL&J+Li ..
G3 'b--ill '++91 ,.al&iul
,jice;ll .. '++Ll +i L;*
G L ~ -* LJLdlJ -. . a s . *Iy t&i
. & J ~ i 3i Au~ p - 4, .;AL ~ b k ~ ~ OIJW +i3i + i i j s ~ J ~ J U + +
G p kl;~sl l -IAI i)i - '&A4 LA - . LBfll JAL i l l JC L;&I
iylgk? ~ 3 i . & p 3 & k 3 i
Functional Lgl b;iL ;;j 1 - .; ; . -
F
31 c& *-- ~ ~ a : - ? LL~ 5
.++!I J g W I 99 b13 4- ~-6:::
J&!*+kLpwlg#13 - L L y & l L ( j & b 2 . U 3 x f l
'J1(bt1 3 0 4 i ; ' d l t-- i)&
'((Think aloud JL 0- J+SLLf13~,
j l &'zc.Il ;i;iL1&J13 '0I+ & 4+(;=l
& Heuristic method X L G i ! ! -.-
QL 5L. + (jJL (ji . analysis
. 4 1 g l l l ~ ~9~41 J;lL; J3 .J+
$ ~ ( ( f l l b& 4 Lgill j! +G3 ~ . ~ i ; i u t ~ ; G ~ ~ + ~ i d ! - & 3i rr;u& 'gL;Lbj -.- - - .+.I&
Make-a- & J&I - + ;I;u& 4 &+i - 1 -- J& (js& JIG 3C - . plan - ~i bi + . z u t I
bJ@ (J+ d d9Lf l PI jlj
.d+I -L \+: Conscious ms.
- 9 d $ d ( & J - J 9 9 .&I j 2 j &IF . . Unconscious ms.
Personal ms. 2 .9 p l j 2 d b j
+ p19~3 .Spcial ms. & k l p13~3 - 5
Enviror~mental or cultural U13 Gml -. Physiological +9_12-.;4 PI ~ m s .
;& L d+ p19AI +j .ms.
Li ,i .GLL ji .+L ji .&I*
. . ji .i , ...- , f i ~ ~ ! ji L f i ~ 9 A L~
,i ji .iJu4ij GI- ji
&,All e 2 i L 4 L i _ l Y \ ~ I j I L f i I 2LC
0U(l.,llj ,+ln,+,rtI fiE+I
Y JI + ~ ~ 4 5 1 ~ .+A\ - eeriJ+j .GI; ~ g l ~ ~ ' ~ c ; 3 + ?lii
4 b~ 151 C YI C 4s b& Y ~ W I bi
.Motivated
Motivation 4sLcjI p 1 9 2 ?.- : 43
9 iL,9 . - & i l l _ +I p :research
;+I 0 Y L , ;, LA+'A p13A C
31 d ! J ~ y l & L b L f l &4 12 1 .. ; f l
+ .IZQI wj .*I ,i ,L~I
i L;Y,-)-L~]L .-I +WI b
- J. Dewey: How We Think.
- Van de Greer: A Psychological Study
of Problem Solving.
ISI +ddi K ~ ~ , , Ls+ ? - .Avoidance motive ? & Y L e-js
&i .. ,.+L-Y&,, - 5 Is+ i , ~ hJj d9 Approach motive d Y l ? ~ ~ & L ; ~ - L ~ I - J I ~ . t L Y l C
Conjunctive 5-1 Jls-fp ; j J ) ~ ~ 3
U l j 2 W i+i9 'UIJ irc;j .motivation
p13-JI *j .m+ 4&i3 2- Jl -
F~s~ua-! ibv.b&~~+i j i &+&I3 .Affiliative motives &I
. I A I ~ f+ij 'UI~
' , & 1 j L J j i i j 3 p 1 3 ~ ~ 4-h s3
iSJh L t+&3 L t J k 9 +J@
4 - , Motivational hierarchy Lp p13A q 3 Y l p13AJI +y 4juL
.k4;kJl
~ L I ~ A J I + eljdl L l j ~ j
jji di gG ,i +JJI --I
eL L l J 2 &B \&4 &dL L I J J
%3~33 q + j J Q 7 2 h ' #I
+), +l iS g \ 4 \ A ki Woodworth
Dynamic b&~(dl - U""-ifl
'U -(dl h p 3 L((PsYc~oIo~Y
--'dl + y! + *
,Attitudes a b k Y l & v L b . &z3
Habits a l ~ L t f l ,Tendencies J+l
aG;s - - t l , Enlotions &I9-!!
k l g ? l Incentives 9lgxll , Desires
Interests a L \ n 7 AYI , Drives
+ -3 .+! .Needs akmlj
&a &&&a cl+ Jl C , U I - -. a l 2 d l
) L f l +jit" U l d l j . U I - L J l
d+l L&&L*+l,dl
G,L;a d+ pli , L y k b l+,-u i)92 t k \ d l • F ~3
;;Wl aJA 3s d+l L i A+....
$1 &!&dl &-+!I & &+Ill &
+a j&I I j . d9LI I & ! j L z
(Qe'"" & ~gk? pl3J.J k93534-u Dynamic -&d l .. + it,kll +I $iL A3 ,psychology
. L . J k h &I - Psychanalysis
u r n ! +, ugp ; l ~ ~
oL+Y;'dl +.'I9 , Instinct oj~lztfb
+3l AI & Instinctual attitude .. - O J ~ L d+I 4 J! Motivation
L&j+gj Glkll-d4; &a a4hJ t l i i
McDougall Jb3& irK3 .& +j
i;JI &;dl +I ;p9 .Motivology - Jung 5% +m ~ I A I g L - . . n r n , . -
- Motivation of d9Lf l -12))
. ( \ 9 Y 7 ) ~Behaviour
r+3IAI g a& a&+ dl;lb3 - Z&l& l&L,&Y *+ - ;i3+j ,UgL, bJ&L Motion
&\J-; , u ! ;ickr & & d l 5 - - - - -
jU! JK;+ ~ ~ j ~ ~ - = J l
d+! 3 J L 1 3 &-QI & zlkll
&a;rl;Ln*p&iF"+ -. & I #..I i, ,>-,: ,a?Ud-U & ~ ~ i l I
&Lull g 2ijl;iiQfl ;il a w l - g &I ;;Wl pya '+a+ * 1 j - - ~ l ~ j ~ ~ l A 1 9 . ~ ~ ~ ~ -
it" 2 J L l & L C + - -*_9f+l
L+L'W &!&-lA!I3 GJml
.Lux a&z d&AJ Jj-j b - e ; - r l
-+*,;,'dl +A1 +j i r ~ rr 6
,+,,Ul 41fu -. . 2 9 1 $13 a+Lc &% - dihl,3diLk-~J>-~l &I
a \ 2 u j .dil ,-4 A a k l cLj b 2 - j &&Ylj &Ju( d+I
.&~kJl - ka2* j LgJ LL '+++I
&* i l r l 2 l s ; ;u l 2 e j ' p j l b l j
%*j d 9 L ! l ',Jl pjr GJJF
'Lbll J+Jl 9 . o 2 k j Jp P' - Etiologic -fg_;Yl - o L Y I Z+dlsTI -
'$>4 d+J' tki! 3. ?% +dl
l'! +j pJj
a ~ g e l ~ ji ~ J U I G I ~ I stgj + I i ) d l I d $4 41 - L . L L + ~ ; @ ~ - j d ~ & t l
b y kk3 blbL
. + ~ + ~ + ~ ~ ~ ~ i a . ~ . ~ ~ - - ++ + Y 'L\ JI + - ?pjs .pl3~~+tYJ!d-&+
WlJI p Incentives jlsl+l - l ~ ~ J - ~ ~ ~ 3i i++
LI; *% b,,.;t~~ jI>yL - - & I & ~ ~ ~ + & > ~ ~ ~ J > - - ; r & l t & Y l e k u & k i ) l
-ydJ ~jI+l J& .r4& ?p ""I J*JS ;I! 4' ++..A pujsLUkh;&-+CB-;JI - A ? ~ k 11 +UI m * ~ ,i)j\g\
.t+l L .. - & d l jj?jJI ?AC - oL&L jL - A\ - SuJI +..
-++ $ 1 ~ 1 + . - ( I V A - I A V I )
i9Yl dj >j &ki Lgl
I I + i .*YL
L U ~ g l ~ j j i J - ~ g l u . , +
U L p i h + l J-j l'~+p3
&+J13 &I2 >$I j I 6 j L Y I
e ;194 h p t + 4 1 3 1391 UjLp 5
i)I & ~ 4 j .I+cU$ i>+I 2jaz;i
&ii k l 391 Ul j l & + t ~ $341
k l L d ~ ~ ) \ d+ & d l + A b l l . 5 - ilrJ,-41 A ;tr;SIJI L U 919 .i)jI$I
1 & -1 A'+ ejrAl ol+Yl&
13&\ Behaviourists &+I ;;I Y!
2- J! 1ej3 .&>+I - o&Yl
ek;i L L U ~ +j .- +IL
&k Rerlexes ~ ~ 4 9 4 j s l d l j a'WL3 Id+ JLl
oi.u;.*+ 1 3 f i j 3 1~=!+1j
$in3 i j l l l i- + p l j d
JS ;ri JL?;cL Pleasure-pain principle
uak; J! Lg5+ gz;,l &I ilrL2uJI
+j . iUI +Jb3 pA'l+&+ Le;l~;y
LJ LX;~ 13++~ ~ J I - = . -j LULU~
Jl--.&++i-.2e~4a ..
;;+I +&ii9 . M i 2 r c S L g As3
.&Yl 9i ;;@I3 .Aversion J+!
Adient WUI . C 'L+ (jl I L :
u+ J+I \.iU , Behaviour
-12 p .Abient b. ' ~ L I - * - .@&.I' ets; $3 "@I $L tclp,ll
( j + ~ 3 + ( j * d t c l ~ 1 3
'LA . - J3 p LI 2 * 9 r - L L l -. . ..F - '(+) +A!'& t-""
O ~ l ~ l ' & ~ J2pJL4&
(ji tcip,l~ +L +3 .(+&I) - C
,@I A 9i t, . - 2d~ &@I
'&A ;;*dl +lii1& &I - d j S g
+ + s ; s i ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ l ~ ~ b -
&dl3 - 'tu L"'La 14% ?i3
G!JAL& e9 '4L.C $L dJ+
&- rdp G ~ ~ \ & - & \ A 'd&
c t t J L & ' a s ~ L G ~ i 4 ~ ~
zls;ol (jb dZ3 . i l l A L l l p - & 4;4 tW13 QLG +I3 @I
& J + ~ $ I & ~ , ~ Y ~ ' ~ L ~ J \ & ~ ; L ~ J I ..
'h .I;YI~ +I 'AUI
?sul *.p3 kegll w yrL ylr .&dlj A l l j
'kJ, ?b3 .+GYI - & Extrinsic kJl;rll J J U L p+ - r L j l . C
J2-L b b ! "&&Id
. Equilibrium bj19;11 b i &ill - Intrinsic
gp3 .+GI di w3 ?MI '4
di $ 'Incentive L& d d l .. 2d13 . ;~ ;~ I_J I g 'L+i ?-
ZU, > M I (ji ~ W l ~ + L z r l +
tcu13 ,841 '& j & ~ +d& + J L ~ p 1 3 d ! 3 .+LJL .. &
dj & Need +u13 'iltLL ,i J;LI LgL. ilkW13 6-11
b 3 '+JJ ' *434 ' l
~g?;&+ 3 ~ L . ; ~ I ~ & L ..
.ek; 9i 'b.;2! (~LYI
t+l (jK lib ' ~ c 4 t&JS bI I - i ~ 7 j +l '4sP ;lj'by;; * k l 2
4- t+l'+ +&' J! &L + ( j ~ ~ ~ l -All3
tr&+ 4uk; ?UI ~i~ ccw~ F
.+&3 CLhLl*(jl & ' , - = - = I
+?iUg 'Appetite O@ ' b . 4 ?U3 5
Desire +iJ 2 d L (jl ? M I .@~l
,c~l,Lg;;Yl 3i Appetites '+
ys;~,,: LJ ~ ~ ' k i Lillj wj 5
J9;;r-~lJ1 ( \ ' I t9 - \AVI) Thorndike
Law o f$% &h,'--rlG+l;L!
j - 4 I &L'L L effect
g3 ..;..,el w 41 .LXLL+ - - i , & f t L ' L C J ~ I ~ + j I i + b
6
3 % i,S;bJL ( \ 9 t v - \ A 9 * ) Lewin L 5 5
d&d+JS(jl L i lk l i iL l l I ~ _ ~ n j l
p l ~ 4 4;ujb3 'Valence L J L L -. . - JL Jig? LI; &iiJj - - .d+I Jfl L&3 JL Jik d+ p l J S -&MI
t~~ JI 5 L M b +-a\
I; rU $L ,* A qji &L
&A3 '&JL L-.yLjj LA Cwl - P - p =4;3'3 Jd' + di # - - d*
p+2 L9'3 ' Quasineeds abL +A
\-13~ A '&&wfi -- .* @l3J p G+I
kI91 Habits a \ ~ l J \ i,- G3
,pldl+ &li&i i ~ ~ l bl! ‘LI~W
L . . a ( 4-11 dw\ +I LL! z J L ~ ~
P
'&MI & >* &dl - d&13
bb Z ~ F ~ Z ~ W I bi eJj i,+j r a l J 2 . J c,lr (j& L S F L L I
Reward and + U I j i b ~ l j
j . I punishment
+ C;U & d l - d&I i h ~ ~ l
L I ~i ' i b ~ ~ '+9 iy
J ! & ~ ~ I I ~ : ~ ; L I I + L ~ J I .. L~
JL % isill - J U I ,'WI
- &i l l +AI +m13 'er;;; - &JI ;, U L j ~ +12Lubl g - i Y I I I+
c u l J ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ 4 j L
i, J% b b .@ W; & i l l - 0 J k & & b . J l &UI &dl - I * ~ I
J++ ~ L G ~ I i)i OI;~ .d+
3- isill - d+l &b9 il$ 3! di ,ic~ + L JS+&L~ 'ihI + 4
;LI -L ; l ~ ' L + ~ j .+$L + Jx p d2&lI d l j_ell+ Hedonism
a i j~kd~!&di++ 5 - - '-a\
ed~iL~&Ld+~+g&
IJS &dl - * d l pj ' U L OJ+
Spencer + a x e JL &+
ihlil, ~ + ~ i j l ( \ f e y - \ A ' * )
JL;~L , pleasure-pain principle ~ $ 1 ~
.d+ JS L+ic ;- $$I3 ihl ;;I
'Repression L-, < !I9 'Identification & .$$ + & LgjiL13 ;-1LJI
Sublimation e\-\19 - $Wb 'L&i 'LK bK b 5 @ p [ ~ \ p I 9 - L l l ,+! 'Symbolization
A- ~2 $1 &J.+WI
Lab ~-r~pJ E> Y s;K (jb '~-rdp~
+ S t 9 I+!-I &, ?$I bK L 5
JL p - .;L\+! pi + j-.j9-1
Js :;;I &La1 &4 .-Ill1
'&-bbpl-1+4] - + Ycrf+
.&,;dl b b 3 , b U I dj
ua19 .F&i + u 1 9 pel^^
- - +I i jK -xJ lg '&~lgXfI > biL,,.,,, - .--I ?big . c b L ~ 9 .;t..,h~~\
&f2bj.!! fLfwliju9
@ L Lg's&Q-j ' & j 3 & Y p l j ~
-1 &g 4 " 1;-7 C x i - - ijkJ L k i l;jt S;K lib 'OL;;YI~
& ~ ~ ' l g c ~ u ~ i ~ l ; ; J , ~ g l ~ + j ~
h F ~ ~ & \ d L g ' ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ -
.crf+I j j+WI j &- & - - bk-;. . - . u* &SIFk A 9
F ~ i L b i ++I G+I
_is ,i ,'Lu! ~gis G ~ A ~ +I., - Y
~ a p k s+ ,hi b-, .. . cish;j
+~eell . ~ i dL & i l l &I - &+I3 - &+I3 b-lI ;rSs;u 'Ibj9 - - -9 .2+'jL2 &LA! bi&a13 - - &&LII L ~ i r l j p ~ k l l l - ~ ~ _ f i u L e l l l
;, d l - C &d &ill LlJzpfl j @ d l 3 - L;f4~& d& Habit i2W19 .-
- & . .'+ell Gyp2 i>d c-jL,; 1 . q
P ApJJ r d J b J 4 ykG3 6 - 6 a b 3
.+ ji UI ;4~+ bg~jg .b y 2 9 L53 . -dl . (J-4 .* al2WI9
scu\ 4 LL;~! GIJL 41 blgsj hi + .. +L;sJ13 i.l+!13 ~ J 1 3 + d 1 3 & d 1 3 ..
41 ilgsj + LI Y ' i J W I i2Gj
ej Intellectual hs. ;i-l 4 3 1 2 L
5
*!3-43 J y y l J3k3 9 1 g &A &hi S& j\ p3 , $ M I
+ ; i -d~ i , .L,+L& ~JI-YI GI,L i+i d3 19'-
- Lindzey: Assessment of Human Motives.
- Maslow: Motivation and Personality.
- Eysenck: Experiment in Motivation.
- Bolles: Theory of Motivation.
- Allport, G.W.: Function Autonomy of
Motives.
- Atkinson, J.W.: An Introduction to
Motivation.
, +LL qF a1~L.p Motor hs.
d & l ~ L ~ & l + J l & djUL
bi o ~ T + d~ & L& LL+
;+I -y3 , % ~ i &A +d l 2 -& al~k +dr.lfl iJL&q
+l;Yl y * 1 + i s : ~ - - i b G ~ O ~ A ~+J*L- r j \ 2 U I j . j-\I
3\91 h ~ ~ y j bi ty .--MI
+ J 4 4 t p w l S , 4 1 J &
J;;~ . ~ L L LA qi - . JL$I
JPL~ k;L j L Y I F ; c a\2WI
+a j . lg-d I S;r ~ ~ L i 1 I I 3 L J \ .. a l 2 L J l Lo -+(I al2WJ
L&l - - ji 'Neurotic habits &&I
& ~ i A 'tics ?jlgll\ ji .Hysterical - y,La31 Lkr > I * U C L &+
h. G\J\I a&lsu\j .a3&
, &+I\ & akl&-,l disorders .. - ji ,"+I i~W1 U -
+s3 .+! ,+YI . L i.-. ,i . + ~ b t ~
habit formation a l 2 m I
a& h *Ldl & A j .+& bL;SI
Drug habit- &L;11 i2W 'k +bh .. Drug JLkcl l 2-1 ji ,formation
i,+,,3 '& - ;y 'Ji ;;,czlgll al+l - s+ ,i L, q ~ b 4- bJl@
,h. p a t t e r n s ~ 2 W I jd - o h Jp &J$ + ~-
i+2z3 , h. training & iJ+iilI
3i kJLa;! i 2 L c i;U .IF ' ~ J W I C
a l 2 U l j .Motor h. 3l uy . A ! LS\ JG\ & pM - & ! L Y \ - i ; ~ i O Y f t L j , + - ~ k ; l ~ , G L X ~ ~
, i & U l JMI 9i &\+I yk jkr\ jM\ i 2 L c +LI &,dl J++fb -
A U I @I I d &+A 4& t " l tF ,+JUI ji -41 & AIJWI~ . J U I
\I\w 'Negative h. uL, i ~ l c &dl3
kY iCS; SI p d l J+ i+l+tI i 2 L
al2G iulgll &+!I JA$~ .Positive h.
p pG+Jb ej ~ 4 ~ b %*
&.+i - (Oii]~ b94~ 41 ..
b& G3 .w& &kid! &A p+
,;4+ i2~+,+i b~pl~
& .. +u$l & s&b
[,a s'ki uj ,+I jk Jwl + I - . $+ - 4 1 al~ltflj .]&I Jbp
& L Y l +l191j & U I & & l l L - -&dl &l.~~jk. ~ g Y j g ,cl+yl G3 u GLLI irLjk. J+&j 3 s ;li J! &IlUl +\&a\ $L3 .irLl+l Ak
'Aversive therapy dS+G21 + - J L 5 'Z&JI i r l l w l ;,J+iL1b
.I, 61.+ ; L ~ A . \r 1- fillLC
:p'y
- James W.: Princples of Psychlogy.
-Eysenck, H.J.: Behaviour Therapy and
the Neuroses.
Adult &$* .. .. Psychology
Habit ~ S I J U I ;i-j .habituation
- \ AAt ) Hull NJA. c%l hierarchy
4 L ;> G~~LJJ bi j & ~ ( \ ~ O Y
4 t b &dl Habit strength - ;> + ;l+.. , + y - 3 h. forming
i r ~ l ~ ~ ;li ji .+J.I b y j - . ~ g r 4 ~
23 * U I & + . . I i r l i &$I
gij ~i a ~ l ~ d&j aLj y-.- ; ,\;<J\ i ~L i , i+iii
Luisj ';l)eell dj+l +Ls ;;iL
+ J G3+l & LA J L l z l L - 5
J- L 11 ++I ;JL 'L+ij JLII
ji ~ i j ~ &I &dl . - 3i ,p+d~
-;t 41 kkr-&lj , h i J! '+e - .+! ,d3+\ +Z ji ' ~ U I a&b Habit interference & l f i 23 ij\~u1~
P ~ e y . u - ~ i , d ~ b ~ &
.++IL+ LB-I LL+ ji P
9 Habit progression ir l JWI ? 2 k 3
9 .
i r l lWl ~glra w3x;1 & d l Lkvki
Habit i r \ ~ \ I ~9-q .;++I
; p k S L s ~ b cko 9 deterioration
,?,IL , i 2 .A; ,i.tI JL p19b ;,
pi& Y & L a ! 019 w w l p2 $MI
+ -2.9 ;. I IL'fI @ L*I J ? A 7
.&I
,i k;; .&I LJI G~ c - f.
' L i I .ur3 ,iFb
4 ~ ~ . sh9 . c 3 ~ ' ! i & (d L 'i;L?;_lmll S+I &K
5
-&+ 3' Lfk 4
+'+I .. J5 p S3\,;) Y LS13 .. Sc-* s K d b '41 j@k Adult o* &L @p3 . .. .r;L - . - kwaljc-ll i>ti +I &I intelligence .. ''+'+II t&JI3 ';+ &UIj ;pk .. &&I&bJ j '& j@b- - @ (J3 6;- & k I j ;$WI
(+I+$I +I3), .&j 1, 4, 4j
+'A'& N ' p G 3 i j p &A ((LLkll ghg)) . & W I J! &&I3
&U &b ';+ LWI, g d 4 ; ~ l
J!++Jgkll+@+Igh
& . - c&&Jl &I u3 .&WI yiA
SX; 9 ,A" ,dl m . - - ~Ld I
dJj J+ ~i~ ,&J~ l13 i u l g l
.c+ + L i j Y C L d l 2jg-q
& ( ~ 3 '&+&I + +ck?2
~-!l + p a Adulthood &>I
-pi-.,., . & I ~ ~ J I ~ ~ ~ - 1 1 ~
kG4Ltx3 ++I +j
J+2 Cd;;~ 6 AJ-~ I 3 JS 19J I & .. -
& + % 3 L + i + ' W I
Young adult +dl &I41
+UI p J ~ Y I ~ 'Mature adult
9 jW13 .. i & w ( g s + l
J-2 L JI &?till j3& d3I - dIdI
J+ UyYl + M I & \ds .&"'dl
j3k 1514 i ~ + ji
dj 4 f l ~ t ~ 'G++ji~~ J! + . - &I3 'Middle a g e 4 1 ~ l ~ i
ir(js!-~~J!*J~l U! +I
04 J& S3 'Later adulthood ;if#!
S3 Presenility L+l @ L &I
Sexual motives -1 b 1 3 - r $9 - .Genital ms. WL;; p l j 2 c-3
~~i , a~ub3 O L I ~ g - b g ~
&+ pJ + L y + ~ g .L~gii~ L*b ((Oedipus situation +2iYl .. . - Ad1 ,)
b+G9 .JAI13 {Ylj +'a1 @.in
5
2> 31 . aU l ;U! & L'A&YI
+3 -u p34-19 b &+W(
I;;,,,,;, ++j r ; i _ L u L J I a lpdl 4j
'FAI++3iu Jcbbi --pi3
+ & bgL-19 .The other sex +QI
9 J + 3 . ~ 4 ~ + & 3 3 4 ~ ?
&3Lw+ - j u C j u ~ l
L+Ql p&f UF +p UlpJ1
+ -. jsprl L ; ; ~ I ~ 6~ +i ILL
. ~ ~ ' a l ~ ~ ~ ~ y3(J-ll
w ~+9&3dg ;3 .+l>'a13
apt91 &u 9 3 *%2+ &+ aLXc
5 9
bl i,uj-,-9 .o& Level of aspiration
&+I 4,,,,,; L dJjj L i,&
'j+ G3 .&$I bALhn +j
L;tF \-L4 & I 3 x A l l - L L I;r;r.lf P
0- wJ\L! Lb&\ L l J 2 & &I L J U I m3 r b & 1 3 d I
. ~ ~ - 9 ~ l . - L g l G W
&lpdI3 kf+I a\* 'j& La2
,i &,$I hi + h~slcf~ ;LL
31 5% + b s I ~ 3 41 - 3i .&I +++ JUI
~ p p kui; 3i 2% g - dJj + J! & + d l +++ ,i . J L ~
c~ , e l j a+K - +&$I + F
3' L w y t* +j L ( J L I 1 &i& Jpkll
r>)4i"dl+~ ipI+*2.3G &+I 9 j?d dm' 9 3 ~hl~ssf1
LYw4 41 ~4 hi s iyi 41 i,+ ;;13 .&+Z~K c3% hi3
P P I
.~I.AI b21pi 2~~ .+A
? .j-,;rs?i&ju~c& bd3 I -+ 4 .&W13 tI+l I++ ? 0 -.
+>-4 .&I 4 i* +$I3 ;&L
u ; d 1 J 3 2 & b c O g j i 9 & ~ l &
-141 ;, J! cL&3 &(.Age of reason
*:++dl 14 4Wg .-ZAl&all& - s ddI3 id\ o h L>I y! &* +I o h gj .;LIJ41p ;iilll - i)i J .I L i i i Y l ltjl+13 p13dl
I z i ib+3 cssw ,
a L + l L L Lg-'JJLii3 +LB
-)) 'kip ;&I -3 .&JLJI
p& 3 3 &((The age rashmess t b i Y I
&.. 4jkJ &+ &Lb )4 +Wl
6 % ~ 4 i,G3 bJ;& 3 3 r L 6 f
I + +I ; ~ ? w I ~
.+U l + p a -L&"dl
& , i ~ I ~ l ~ L + 3 t f 3
The age of shlf l -,,p + U l
6 +WI & ,A& + d l ({criticism
b i ) i ~ ~ ~ + p ~ i p g 5K lj!, ,aLiJl J% > +&dl
The age &JS~JI ;r,, 9 b l d l ;r
p + M I i(L ,(tof individuality
,((Age of c o l l e c t i v i t y ~ I i ) - w ) !
r@ bL3 +L&ll .jLL &pi.13
.+&LA.!! i_l& J% (P e~jL l+ lg
$ qwl +mI yJ& 2 3 - G G h ) ! >-u~)3 L;iS-(--1Cf3&
. d l - $'a'$! yJ\2
*; J d l j J + +I 4 J l 3
t& JI - -1 ;t=tj&d13 '+&LA.!l
0 . b &4 bA fJk + k J l
+i -~+LG! ALJ* & G ~
U! e+3 L4- L+ C-U
e ~,,,-93 '-0)-
d3 js . .% wi ?*+luir]~ *ic
puwl -3 .++ + J+dl + w i , ~ b i : p b % r - -
k3+43 LLLuLhlf * M I Lcj-
L ~ k l * i ; 1 3 ~ 1 3 P t ( 9 +I -
-3 i ++\ +I L+-+~ -+-. G+ L'~L diiy2
iibg ,J$L ( j b d ll& 91 pW(
+&!I A&c G3 .((&&I iJLJl +))
~~i 9 +I3)) b + u L -141 &A P
b ( ( d J u ! .. 41)) & G 3
+ d l klhJl &&.J b & J L d l + d l 3 - & d l - rqL+ &kg bZl3$-!
b ~ + l ~ J b Y b l J &c 4jjd
L tFt c33 4 &+J ~~u~ +&!I +a qlc +L &i 3+A . t ~ .
&3+ I p l j b hi &&
2 - +@I +a 1 0 . PX; &! u3 b c 1 3 j
$ 3 4 1 lFJL 2 kJ &sf\ &U
*))j&WI @+ &13 , i - 13 i;Cl (Kinsey: %V dl C . -dJ OL
,Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male)
j d l & - ;iaA~fl r i t ;U I ijL+l3
e ~ l d l 9 .! A l l l n 1 I jlgY.%l . L -
J, &Jl - ,%I . a L W I 9
L;? I 3 L L +I ijjJ. .:.I I.:! y i j ! .. -
- +L G Y I ~ ;j+>i A .A d j s.ir. . L ~ ?hJj9 a.'ukj
o h 9 .;$&dl -&\dl &+I * ,+i pa4xk;1 5 LL+~I+I .
Js & ULgJI L&+& LgJg L i L o c J l
a #AL&g . , ~ % l ( A 17 * & e U I
+Q9 .awl +J +% .&5l&l9 aW19 al;i\ JS i,&+
G P J3 ' p ~ ~ & +L+l +hJ
5
L J! WL .& >I3 j 9 L 4
r~+\9 ZL + + JE Gi A .+&I & k g ‘&JL - dL3
a\,! &&+&.I\ b-..
217 NOBILIS ( \ ) 41 + ~ ~ L t v k f ~ ~QLC - +I kC9yl9Qtl
+ J U 2 1-3 & j G Y l - bwj3 i . iu~~-+g&~~i ..
i ~ ,+4 ;k? i ;~1~ .ugkd1~p~ i, .. "
b is+L 9i %J+ L"G W
. * * i , i c - J ~ d i &
+.L$I ~ ~ r j , ) - 5*lg? +WI &i3 '& L T+s3 .&+I O* ((QJI 3i i . c U I ,i -I +L J! +&I
+ L- L+LI I j I
,i UIJI ejFi .Uw~ J+II
"-1 i,s5r; A3 .&dl kJ& l j !
+3 i~ - . -+~ i+ iJ+~g bj3 hi s3 . I ; ~ ~ I
mi 3i L ; ~ dLhj.- ..
P- I;&! J3Jl 2 - ; t J k L dL
G 4 - u 39-1
a L \ j d ! & - z&d\ a-1
.+I $L i(LlJlj &I+\
?&i,.,+ Vocational guide cigell - a\jW\ y J a\j&y\ a
- . . +&j 64: , / \ ? e e l p&i3 ~ & l j d l ~
3i A +&I LL.,, .;&I >I-i - - - ?& 5 9 . .d iL13~4r l r -J !d*
3i +L + +I +A+ +&I
,i *kj! - b _ 4 ~ 4 4~ L i+
L WI ~i g~ &iJ - +3 .-L, -
-91 & i 3 - u l - - -41 -
I* &*I - - + MI $l+JI j
(Kinsey: Sexual Behaviour : p+ ;r
4 L db j .in the Human Male)
((Sexual revolution ;i ...; - 11 ;-)+I))
66-11 &U - . p: I 11 J\ ,:<; a . - *; -, dl,irl;, ( F F p;: &9
4;bJi JS g ,,,7 1;9si - a u l .. .++dlj j d L +j
3 2 ) ) + ccZl ;k f l ~ 3 2 ) ) i 0 I z . - .
3
G J ~ I < . a a , ~ IU~~ .((+I
-9 b(,-!-!>lj2 .. - &I & 4 6 &L'dl J&d\
* L d I &m3. JU~I -y3 .. .
zwb b & - U A i + d f W L ~ ) C L $ I
hP 31 41~1~ b ~ L p + .- Y J&u
Gi + +91 A +L+ L bi C
-13 € 6 1 1 x+
$Ljj i,LIJzYl dCI+ LL$13
dJk bi @ +i -LYI
.-,YI LWI fJ-:i .. C
+ b Y l Z3>l (jl j+J b&2-Y13 -
a u k ijgr14 & d l '++dl
41 J+YI ily , - L Z J L C ~ L~~
i j L ~ j + l j + 1 j j;Yl + d+L
&! Z I ~ J L+L -. j ~ i CIJL b~
+ I i L s ~ ~ &I% bi LI$I JL jw+ ~1?9 L~
5
2 j l d l 2 ply L q F + wL;113 - * - -
&> z)LS irl;+dl +z i3 L & d I
~ I j k y I k- d LL L - ~ 3i
c-J +ill zKrll bi Y! LS&f13
j+24 z w ~ LJ LLb i z g p
Jm L w ~ f b + J I 3i L b ~ t ~ - a\ !I c-JSL&Jb zJI h Y 1 3 Lg, v~13irL+lhel13
Talking out 2 1 : + dl + ' I I L ~ +
L I g i,& di jwl ir?g .processes L P
+3 &I91 &La..,.., &u& "&A&), - 5
J+i,l L Y U I Js&'+n;l.., .+ -
tpgellp Behaviour d+I -
I Iglb Behaviorists &&I Lb 3,
fib- + 2 9 1 dirL L p d+I
b L 3 (.Ju i - ,&I3 a L b 1 3
- Pressey & Kuhlechological
Developments through the Life Span.
- Lehman, H.C.: Age and Achievement.
u ' L L b9 &+14
.r;"
Lw d31rlllb s L i 3 4 d+L3 '&sf9+11 aLr-1
I+L+>.~L;,~++ J" e - 5
d3 '((Behaviour field d M I Jh)) ((Behaviour space d+I j.&) Jgk;
;IUI :&I ji J W ~ +j. +Li - 'd3.u.l al*l3 ;jWI &+ &A\ - -
2 2 1 -. > &JL d& b& kJj J ~ k i g .LA ; j W l & \ ~ ;, a\&
4 3~ bt i j K JSj '$.l\ &WI3 -&I -.
i j 9 s j t ' . l - : ' ~ ~ $ 3 i J k + a .a;s GULL1 j\ 4Lkl aLL! d b
e= ((8. determinants d+I ~ I J * & ) ) ~
&d 3-1 & .. &fi CjlifI - &\$I
b& kJ3 .'I& 'u& & $Wl
LGXj J ~ L & k Z -GIJ3 a ( J d I o h
o b j 'd+l &ly l 51 &I ;, d+I &I2)) Lgw,~ &ill -+UI &% - - d+I t+y9 . Behaviour genetics
&Wl &++ L p ((Behaviour object
& U I d 3 L I l , +a
+ &+I p ((Spontaneous behaviour -
L 3i 'J+I d!p+ L 3i c ~ l ~
d3Lfl ir l-L4&2)i3 . d l - +
p l j 2 -L,lJ2 ((Behaviour dynamics .. -9 JI .. $WIj '&L3 . . d+I
Verbal & 9 1 1 1 d3Lll))3 .- .. II L 5 d+l i y ~ +p ((behaviour
9 c2G G$ ~ s ~ j b b &
+++J-dlbk+++ir'_)k
~ o l a r b k l l d9 I ,8#fl))3 . ~ l , i l l - 'JSS G-J! i3,+ d+l p ((behaviour
i)4 &9-4=?-3 4 3 r S - 4 3i
&+I - d+l,) &LA t ~ L L s d l
wLjL_ll 9 3 '((Molecular behaviour
L&I G I L A ! + b+ b j ~ G+
d+ I), . bx~ I 3i b x j l d 9 u ! .. ((Intrinsic behaviour & d l
- 3 , M I - d+l)) & 'p-7tll &
'+ ?.+g;x 4J & 1531 ((Extrinsic b. - 3 i + b M
- . 119% LL&~
~ ~ ; 4 1 ~ ) - h j ~ i + ' + ~ i
4 ' J+-J ' ))3 .4J& '+l d+
,G : !l &jJ 01s ((Explicit b. .. &+ 631 ((Implicit b. +I d+I)) - IP
d+u &A&! a w L 2 +!*I Ip ++
J+I ;~iss))~ .&I 3i J*I OUJ + ((Behaviour observation
3i .. ... L -. 9 ~i bh2 6 ~ ~ 3
.L& i+i3 i r l + l p ~
((Behaviour shaping d+I
$ 1 b 4 ~ 3 p i i l l +s;?
d&d b&! d A G I J ~
Behaviour &+I (j3+l.3 .+ - L ~ + I $ 4 1 +J 9 ((repertoire
5
b l $la & Jl - +,ul irLl.LII13
o h e L l &(j+3 .. ' L g w J k
L3 +j 6s eL-+ L j U l
PUB. record dblrrlfl & - , ) ) 3 .&
w-;.iY & JhZ$ L d ~~f I ~ $ 1 - 6. &+I W J ~ X ~ .Xi& ;L J)C; L
+ da\ll i ry A ,,#* - f ((setting
b l ~ , 3i f*x + ~ j jhi3 Guy 2: i y - i @ 21991 L& l i l C ? , I - - - I 'LA
I l ~ l + k l d+ -&Jj . - ((6. segment d+l LLA))3 . & \ d l
+3 ((6. unit d+ ;&3)) +i
&+.!I JjLeill,i3 .Li& . L L i i r Y . - d+ >& p ((Behavioral homology
L+ + +i ;;u dl3-l ' b ~ ;jls
(P q! 'u L p ((Behaviour-language
?lkn ?+- -GL O l c L l - 5 ji irKF
& J~kl.91 &d&i djj L L U I
~rwl pi; J+j J& 41 Alp
~ S i ^ j J i ~ k k l l & ~ * +~;YI ,i &I dJ.. . - ,i -
L" 7 9
~5-1 - d + 1 U j . ? W I F&
c %Jl 0- + ((Normal b.
& A . JU'W +L+I - - ~ G I - + sir L iFi JAII -
' L L jwg ' J ~ Y I rjL+l P
L Z b g - ; & \ + L - d @ l l b
I i - I I u d+I d3 L+l 2 j1J;Yl +j - -
$Ldl I+ jJ.. . - &!I U l &a .. - &L + iJpL ib91i3~L+
7 , p 5
~ K B . stream &+I w))j . G I $
!JJL &u Jk & - d+1 j I )&~l l L
Maternal pg. Y l d+lnj .a+ Y
+ J U I i,+l &MI d+lp ab.
.JU &GJ 9 - j& - d+ ((Abient b. + L Y I . d+.,tl) - &I $6 + A “++I -
d~g~ufl,, 4 .A : o , j L ~ - J ~ i + - -
,.covert b. J2 d+), di ji - &+&dl &+I)) &K; i;l?ip3 +I ~ + I I ) ) ~ .e+~ ji ((Overt b.
&a,7,(af l &+I)) @ ((Learned b.
&I .~+II))~ .e+~ ,i ((overt b.
d+ll d+I )) c r ~ ((Learned b. - ((Sexual b. &I df_PLLCjl))3 '((Innate b. - d+Il))j .&+ d i,& L 9
I i d I , + 9 (P $9 ((Neurotic b. @ d J l
dsLLJl))j !O+&JI - +&L , L L y l . ~ J U I d+,jlp ((Normal b. &+I - - -Liir e d j y w ~ +i +& CS;JI - Obsessional ,I9-.$\ dgWl ,3 !
+L 6 4 1 y i& ~ b . - iJ+ +L +i9 ai&
((Negative b. bfbdl d+l~~ .+LC - .((Positive b. @&'dl - C d+Il))
b(Criminotic b. d l ~ y l d+l))j - *i'+l e i'% is"' @'JSYl WI
&((Chaotic b. d++l - d+-Tl))j
d& & y l j JIAcYlj i'WI r j l J b Y
((Collective b. 4 1 d+1))3 .&
&;$JLLyCal - +;ic*+('4;t!
a ;+JI,)~ .J-I\~~-~I
JL1 . i,& rq & d l ~Adient b. dlJsYl - &.LJl - JAU;Il),g .$I & sly\ &I> i,i p ((Behavioral integration
- . - . n r z - 1 1 JLS$I + ;LC-
. - ; .AY L: , : -! ,A*! + 2-l t &I3
pr 31 d;4-, - 'u k+ d J U I o L a e L i + l
grb +WI JL~$ I> & $3 .@
((Behaviour episode ++ ~3-29))
bi Y! ,&b3 ~ g l u Usy &l lb$ I (J-4 Lh+ y tLs
.+% L +u grb ((Expressive b. d+! "3 - - 4 d , A L ,',]I 'gl;, * A w l d+l
P i,ss-)~ & dY9 ' w d l I + 4 ' * i P is+ i,& 2 3 '+LC i4JJ
-Lyj i ''IW ~ J I d~j>~'iL.+ 3 -
J.&il13 - ' & i L Y I - 5 J-113 '+j+uitl
a&,, '41 ~3 LpY$~3 'L- ;42+Lll t ~ ; ~ 1 3 '+I3 '&dl
''c +I 9 hi& 4;JU - e-71f
& J& 'Wl9 J!~-z;wbf\ *;3 C
& + ) I 3 o k ' d l ;P
. U I 3 &,l$13 +ill ..
d&d & d l f i L I J ~ I j2i s3 bi Imitation i K L bi 14p3 .k
fiLIj-L]19 it/! JL~.
+'+be-j-%iiJIkLS+l k;WI i&l fiU+lj .-&$I - 41 - f i ls41 ~i~ .a3i illsF+ - &fiup>. - r- bjLgb!bfi
fikdl y! dd \& G k L + j L i e 3 .L..WI ~ ~ - 1 1 - - ,
q;Yl L d I - -. ,K+l
; r ~ & d9 .;Gl+l9~WJ -.
A I I ~ O ~ ~ - i,9iy--=L!9 aJ+ 3i f i ~ . I JJ
.dr;;71 -. d+!I & ( \ 9 7 . ) Vernon .. J! ~ L I - L + ~ G I ~ I $ p ~ ~ - . bi
'cb i d 9 : A 11 f i k y d ! 9
G ~ L I &k !L -641 - filJ+L,3 w-"L w l ~ ~ $ + 2
pi,+&Yl - C +Lp L+$( - pJ~J bi Y! b p J ~
+J- a ~ l ~ $ ~ - - -1 && - a\&\ + r& -41 @I- -. &5&1 aI2-)l3 .&JUI *pLl
J3Jj 3~ A, bb jd JJ-*~ A C
&\-?'dl k S j I L . J
- . 1- 'Y 1 y b 3 ~ ' b l 9
OJJ-j i -&d12 rjbL?jl& 'm 3 A J ~ ! 2 j 2 9 \ + 'd! 4
b g 3i (LWI 3i WI +L
+J .LL 3! L t ~ ~ ~ 3 -. 3i Ju;;ar~ ,i &I s3
e3 L ; ~ ~ ~ 3i pu
jlj b~ Ji a,.,,.,\ &ub3 ~ g l -. .&.'a\ .. d.l,.,l JZ'l
@ d+ L &!;'dl i l l J & i J l 3 3
L ? - L a ~l+U b13--ll yl
&J Ldz=AU&Llp L hj
;i UI ,&-; bi 2 ~ 2 s 3+~
$& .c+\ &dL &i+ ;LAY\
12Ql + JJ~I e ~ i l I g .. ~Lib31 - - - L ~ L L J L S & J ~ J ~ &: , JJ
P; ~e"rll -G $91 +9 p @ P 3
&x3 .& ~j IL? ++'dl ilLu . ..
La9& g - alyuill -. o b
k 3 .-.d ~ Y W I 3i *L u L U r ~ ~ ~
- v e J l s e " ' bwL-,.;J'
d - % ' d ~ i ( ~ l - % ~ w = ~ 'dl 3pktlJ
&3 .LLUj eLi+ $3 p i + 7-i
$1 +&I aK+I ;4;Y y L2_CJI
OL &)i - " A c
;II i ) ) 4 j ~ ~ ajg?gi OLI~J + +j bsj a~~
WI bij,a:#Ak,ttj~ -
+ ; i ~ ~ + y s ; ; ~ i ~ ~ u ~ ~ - U I 2 + L&- L i l y ~ I l
'&dl I h j$ l+uu c~IK+&
?+ii bi A JI - -I J L ~ I Jj * W l 2 p ; i W + c s I c ~ ~
ak- &4 I + . aU+L
d b b i j i . - ~ ~ ~ , b ~ w ~ ',L o.'Ld ((4 1 I - - 1
. - : a l l &3 2-9))
i)L &I I d &I3 'U+I aI&I
4 a ~ 2 ~ j JL~~LI aJ+ji UI G~ .L~LU*LI~~ - . kF &LC ip 5, d L i)l i))4jGj
;i I ..; ,& &IF zz , b l 3
L&b 'a \ - 5 dK+3 '-1 .. 2h\3 -.
CL;U~ 2 ~ j Y &I + +j ... - pi)jJ-2 2 ~ p h ~ c);wbij b - ~ j
L+ &+91+ ~i &+ wi Psychic +I .. U l ) , Lo
t l i w b9&+ 4 I i)ij ,.pressure
i+lyl;, p & Y &$I =IJ+ - dL4j .$y2Ij -+\sf1 ;, p L& .. b 1 4 1 + ~ L Y \ hi . - L
-LiL+ L L ' ~ $ 1 pay-1 - C;Z1?I+I + &I -. & '*Ul
A dj IJS u3 'kk_LLbJ)-fI ijYL&Y13
+ 41 p - 3 \ 4 1 3 b L Y \ +\.'.;u
j u b L 2 & t L S '+$I Uw - \ -
-.; &I ~ L l j '@I $3 ',&tl
b & + J2 &I + d3 .:l&dl
L I J J S i ~ ~ J - 3 +dl J y J*
' ' 1 g w- +st' 44 + I:,---J F
L I J J b)g ~ i j b ) l x f ! (JA % Y b Y O
ijl+l -. L I J + &>I l j l L C - Yl &$I
p.--Jl &U &+tl
' fbldt l kSF3 '&-LJU '&+3l
eur=t ~ b j ; ; , bi jj 4 - I t ~ i ~ ~ .wA&'l\
z )4-1 (tBehaviorisrn -e+1))3 b+l3 irlJ32 b ! 5 9 JSY + Jb
ct"9 , \ 4 \ Y kL, John Broadus Watson
pL + Ljaj 'S&fl & - 061 L ~ ~ I eY1& L b i W! J~ '41 & ,A+ . Behaviour school &S&JI
& d*I &i;'J! L&+S,,aLeIVdYl
J.&uL\-LUI;L;dn\rrlf l&&9~l
A+L . -.i. . 4i , +bli i,+13 - . - 3 d l ( \ 977 - \At4 ) Pavlov - &+i LA d3 - ((A+& q+13 - LeJ jLs '&~+LJI k w J d I + -+I,, &lh4 p ((&9$l -&+I)) - S&uj 'j+Jj LL ((+,9l d+l -bI,J & ,a$ -
&+L (JA &_)A> ''&$ &l O_)L;C&
-2tz43FJl ~ 9 % &+i A&+ d b ; L ~ K ~
4i +aj pLi. Jp &w
-\Mi) Hull &a J;r o&Yl
& -1 4 4 1 + JI ZFAI
>>I - - d3U1 +++I p I & l
pc;r b L k ; b L&AK. ;,L\dl
;icS+Ij . U l - -. &'Lm\ & y d I
cui'?AI 41 - aU+I ;, ;1S+
o&Y! L -&I_)+
L+ &XI - o&Yl pj '41 (QG p 2 C;K3 'c+y L*Y;; (QG G L I Jl c
&$I +id( &GJ$+ I+aj
> ~ Y l 3 Functionalism - P s
-LIJ+ j3Yl 3 ' Introspectionism
l ' 4 . d ; j i ~ j ~ + d d - - f ~ cz 3
>%_)#I ~ h - 3 L_)+ - ;ldZ3 J.94 3 4 1 3 3K3 -WI
p k - A ~ h 3 g L w . + L b J
L 'F ;It J ~ 3 ' 3 4 + 3 + & - 4 3 P +a3+++-~i4if4j_?
j3L p +3 ,-* -. ,j+
~i .,;n && _)+I 4 ~ ; i 4 P
I & &Ai -LA - +i3 Z J I ~ ~ I ~ & l 4 l 3 GIJI e~+j~
&L+ A Y &+i A-
cj!3+19j&3 . p L ; J 1 3 L x d J
:',.',&I (QG & - *I - +I oL?jYI
4 L;;F p2 +j .2&d L\-iUuI . . dl5 P 7 ,$ A '= 1 ,'\ ..
L L L Y l . . L4_L cyiy &dl +%ll - .. 'L'i . a ~ & 2 &I J-~L 4
5
+L ~i . Z A , I LLYI , . @ \ ; x + ; , ~ + ~ l p + + - , ; ~ i -
. a L L Y l . .
& - 41 d'i d+l3 &>.,
i J . lbd4;i=r~ -3
Conditioned J9 t;
.+;dl +I i+ p *I> stimulus
u d l 3. l i b .s+ 'L* d& ;is 5
plA*+++++IdI-
IQW' +--+ L 9 3 . ? W l J+& , Learning by conditioning J P l G Y L
+ w e .dre~i; L &i ;'j&, $1 +,;;~,.LI-YL . . - i d
P & .L+ .&A! - + + dl3 *I>
di e ~ 3 '6511 41 . dm -
&pldlg+LB;Lrld+@+
. p U I d b
&*i girl ((Albert ad i ,, -11 , di ,i; ,>+I 9 - + J ~ t j ;+I, + + 1 0 s ' p u . - ,.1p4 C$csi -
@+Jl '!& 3!4+l;,
*b;. p;. &+ L L,~L J+1 ((&J+\ - ~ 0 1 . bi wuo .'LL
P
Y J 3 .;I&\ $A + &i 'd L+L 5
bl 'dl 5 Z r + J I - &I J I . 1 1 o h J.S ..
'd @ ~ ~ Y J I '& uui
P i Lk .@'su SLj p@ G Y 3 @
Behaviour therapy &+I cKrl13 - &p-G+l+-J'+tG
JSUI Gi bi+ .+LJ~ %+I
ee;;d Y! +I Lgr +k Y kJL;;Yl
al j a L L I . . &L & l3 1 , fa+ d .. + 'LG~ 1 9 + & ! ,i c ~ -
&&Lpjir?g'&l;n d 9 L f I
-a lP&ii i j l & - . - p3.J L r L 1 bb&j'd\ h.k ~ g r ' k &4
31 -&MI a L L Y l . . &j pi+
4- i++ a&&! &j Z L k n
L~LIJI ld9 '--L;~ aL3 . - - . ZKrl l ) ) pu! & hi
& ((Learning theory therapy
.((&&All - pu:
+ t$l ILa g -+L W cad3 - G 9 , L d I LLxJ b+AaI c)Wl 9 . -
+dl j e l i ~ & j J J 'j+w1 ++u3i L ~ ~ i 3 u ~ j ~ & . .
1J-, +&I 2 .: ,-- ,-A 2-&i!b A* er5 'b~i + u3klsl;;r
4- W L L l l b b L 6 1 1 +Ir J! + & i)i 'A= W ' 3 '&&I
241 NOBILIS ( \ ) 41 +lg 41 + - -&‘A.LTI kCgwg41(
I I J ~ ; , L ~ ~ G ~ ~ - ~ & J I C ) ; ~ P 5
4) &&I 2+~3 'UJJJ-.~)
+I & & d l 'jjLi 'ji IAI
' ,L~. ,dbCi ;b c +Y= I ;dl (9
. ( \ 97 Eysenck) ((+&I
+j 'j& i;C dJ &&' c%.119
+I &3J\;;;tl - L l$Yl d i
L S~mple classical conditioning P
4 4 1 ~k; i ;w ?uj
$L ' JI&I bj '+31 *A I I 'jj2
L~ -6 ylc JI&I JLII +, . P
JF . - I+ ~ r x 3 4 tYY
Jl+Ul+ .. 2 d dIi JI$L~ 'LA+
4iiL aC%l u &@Yl & 2&
~l;n I ~ & G ILIA 'jF . - 'ji +lj
~ & + ~ i ; ~ f ~ u - +
.4+ cucLL13 -1
*ki &-L-.Jl ,-I j+ +j
Operant &ilyYl . 5 -LLA+ - P
W;~Y 'conditioning P P
;r'j2*&JI t-l!4Al
p-j Ogjl;j 'ji b+lJ ?UI 5 5 + ?+-GI e&I-LiiJ9YI cb-9
'ji wi2 &j 'G?
k + d l JC& d 3 U I c1Lc 2 -
iu . - + L ; j L + b~ iji~ .+ 4 i n ~ 1 9 @ l d J ~ ~ u I
.J- i, L- ~i J! .+ t4J
dj J&.3 &I3 cj+L
+JL a c ~ \ i;l J! L I ~ ;L .d+l &LyilJ
++I ,Ls-c;'dl! cLJI 9 3
. - - Conditioned reflex therapy C
+*b'&++~@--J'
Y j LrW13+~13&J-L]L d j Y L L \ P J4;.~.+~'u+3i+
J S + &+ - u k Y l &-\I
3 3 L k r . ~ J+I3 jM1 J-11 -. - C C
31 bI G U I J 3 k + .++L&:~;?d~-t+~
e x l f l ) d .3b3di2&23
-I- G~L+ $ i 3i (+d& e ... LIH I& J+ irL ij-j
5 5
FJ-4 & b13 .2;> bj2 &I3 ... L13
esJ - ' k3 eL p 2 L L 9 &+%I
~ W I p+ - di + Gi3 S~i;l+%s!&bu\pj -
i -u3j~tL, -+ c,
u bi ,i ,& +& . ~ 4 ; ~ 1 d ~ L . ~ ~ - g ~ - ~ ; i p g k -
+ \j! JP;.JJ~~ M JLL .&& up+
SLL4 f~ ,b l$LyL +LJI p, >- Aversion conditioning
LP +k +2 + + d l + JW\ +A\ pub! i+.~ s i 4 u .L ty .a& ,by\ 3i 9 ~ 9 1
,i-!,p+,-~.:-: .A\ - . J~~ + ~ i 09ubj + Extinction G U Y L ) z ) W I pg - b L h Y l j- e] I j\ therapy
0 s . . d;. J3ji ;li JI @ 4;&! &
bA+ C-y~a15i - .-L
-J+L JJ-I d l -;YJ-b &j
Reciprocal inhibition
;,L& &?I "+dl+ +&'dl
e-LL.j+j LLgi~2-jijJl u & J l
+ %+YI t - ~ bi *+I
- i Q ~ L 14+++\ LSY
J I s &'% F L + \ d L
h y \ + d&9& Y% (c, 3>3& .
h i d ~ ~ ' u + t ~ b ~ L ~ -
b ~ J ~ ! ~ +I. ~i~ .a J+I
&GI ?\dl ((Behaviour science 5
; P + ~ & & 2 g - C ~ Y l +
p L :+j - '&k+" p L l I
& 3 - ! + ? 3 ~ 9 l 3 @--4.-+" +j
-1 jut1 (eL3 ' ~ I ~ Y I
d 9 L u L I j 2 + .3Eth~l~gy L U -1 bL -. p i j L 5 W I - Gj&j &li3Jlbj-J> - . - + wA.d l
L L U ~ ; P ~ . ~ + I & L ~ ~ ~ ; ~ : ~ -. $ 1 1
&%Y13 'd@I & p L ~ j Y I $ki wA1! &~,..IJ .dj & ijUllfl* - ((Behavioral sink ;tS+lI ijyl,) p,,!
&i - + a l u q z k - d ~ & ,It,+"j\ *+ 'i, , z 'ijl2iLUI * ty U l &j '(.LJJI y 3 +2L3
&E3 .J& z j & L 2 S 1 Q f l
LL3 ijLI+I & d i & &+I
++ ~i + , w m 9 ~ d+j~+~ - &+I,LpL;;>&gGul -
L + y I &I i Y L ( J L Y l &
. d l . . I d
*:* *:* *:*
~b G+ 4 GJI 41 9 3 - Watson: behaviorism.
- 6 P - Watson: Psychology as a Behaviorist
4 j$34 ]& iy -+$J++ Views it. L&,L~ G Y +$I U 1 3 .GL3 - Watson: Psychology from the
9 ++I3 .+dl Geni & ?Y Standpoint of a Behaviorist. - fl
,A$ &A! 9 ,+IS j jW1 - Darwin: The Expressions of the
Emotions in Man and Animals. + +L 4 - &i &+I3 .@I ;,
- Allport & Vernon: Studies in 5
31 6 G++II~ - L+~+y~ ,I+! Expressive Movement.
i i A i L - Skinner, B.F.: The Behaviour of 5 '1
+UY 3 4 (4* 31 JLL Organisms.
- Hull, C.L.: Principles of Behaviour. 9 UL, W &*l'3 .(e?l;JI +
- Yates, A.: Behaviour Therapy. . -
'JU1 @3 ' ~ " " 3 ,A+'> 3 ! ' - Teasdale, J.: Aversion Therapy and
PJ,&i Z 2 ~ T l &bj .iJ12y13 the Behaviour Disorders.
LL...I d+- ((Gifted child +94Qfl &&Ad\ &$+.A .. .. ..
&Lo+ Lj ' ~ u ! l p - 43+i3
L~lSuperior child j + ~ &b)) 4; I ~ L I l ~ k i v L
4; 2,nLl%j 'kL2 OW JI U I j -.
-3 ' Z ~ L J I ~ '+id1 GL + JI J 4 1 'pld13 f i e"
. JXlLLJI b3 'GIJI+I i k 1 3
( ( ( j L y b gJ-!l)) cyL13
bL+ w~ + JG ( ( b L ' d L cs+I)) < . -
A~ . kz;; ... ( \ 9 0 1 - \ A V V ) Terman
, ~ i + JU~I J I ~ ~ G L I , ~ ~
9 3 '~gg;4fl Jwif!3 J h ! + & i l l - dbJ&gLJS&+&i$&
LeL. J4+ Jl GLUayl 41 b I j J& - P' L. k+ bi3 'L*i,+bi
C L
&JLJI &!$I + 0s di+
&A J J! ~ , L J .+u i ;d I
+ ~ d i ~ ' \ i - + i + ~ + ~ - +&i
' d l &A r k G + d l y
a ~ + GI u '-4- +A bi Jb~ kr+I - . +& g
3nk]1 bi j j 1 3 .ob3 +UUI - i ,+L+~+I ~ L L ! +-J A d - -
&-a J I - !&&~-+JS~ .;\pi
,i ,,LA p+++ - ii LIL1-?~~
+ &+I b! @ d3 .((Bright child
+*&;&I~;$wI
j & ‘ d l d l di +j ipj&3 Ur.lJdI -
- ( P \ Y v L - \ Y Y L ) Aquinas
4 1 J $ d ! - p \ q L & b ~ - ~ ~ -.
- \ A V 9 ) Einstein 'Dull ox
jy .- $ - +I -. - d l -. +L - ( \ 9 0 0
'dl 'OW + i$UI &lpJ I p tJM - o h j- + & i t [ 4 1 + di
assj bi b ~ \ ~ - b~ LS- , d ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ L
c4dpyJ aqab - & C ! J J ' ~ \ &2&J3 &I &&
hi+ A .oS=L;=& .
b e 3 L-J & &+I3 -
'ct2.nL ,Lr\I ijlJI+lj + U d a l J k L
dj A~~ +L + 5~ di Y! '+Ui 2- I-..uLf &+b .+&I
a+ ai jj 41 - &>-JI l E 3
k di + +i + 2 ~ j ~ 2 . .
o=
&ill - & ~ 4 ~ & i t 1 c-~3 ' I+&
41 + p - JCJ! bi
.&&I & s+2 2! i,Kgf L45 3+
((Potential genius a L y L &PuJ1),3
'dizi L%+! a L L 1 &+L -
dI,J)!l y,+j .i)- rLIJU
ZJG u UU1 di$Ij3 ,LU13
~ p b (jl J& h13 .-ULb ( + G I
& L. -& Idiot savant 44611 $Ul
a b j '&+dl - J U I - FUj_Il&$ &
9 F k w l u ciJ A z p k ! l
44611 i,! u3 .'L- L U ; ~ ~ I+!
& A 0 - i ,~;Kj +A JG~;~_II - d I ~ J U ) 3,Lbk L4 jJ!+! &4
,h;y c k l l 3 i c+.+ al+l $ji? _i49 'Z* LyA g bJJr9 aub+~ 3i + j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r l u j ~ i ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~ - 44611 JL+I l b $2 - gj idj
Yj .@I & &4 &J* Y &dl - - J&!I I L & ~ & I ~ , K ~ + L L U ~ -
i,i Y! .4;..---. . .
2 g ;g? , L A -+ii
ji , ML -11 41,s
3i .JUI i;n blJj +L + +I
u , ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ i s ~ ~ ; , -
ZJVI s ~ i -4 . e - - ~ ~ p (JjJ z J d l 0 b btI &!_)A w9 djpJj6 h y ,-&&&,~;JI - La+
b.9 i,+ hI *61I e'Ul Z p U
F
+I u j . L, d j J ,;-lpJI ;-'dl
-- a ~ ~ J J ) ) +1j5 2 'ki ~ L S
((Genetic Studies of Genius &+I 2
. ( \ 9 7 7 )
+ + i > U I d+ & iJ3=-u - +'UI G ~ J A I 'u12 +ii 'd+!LL]13&Jd1 & i ) g 2 b 1 3
+A J F L l f i)3J& &d l3
'iXL &L i)+;LL9 '4 f l \ 1 - 4 - . _ .
5
)Ci4 p3.l i p w l +u i)l (J.C +L; 5 + &dlj dsLcjI & pj3.i: &31
b! &3 '+ $9 &+I i)! LG
+ J + J l i)b '4 (J.C +@ d+
jjx 3i ,&I -- ++I j32 4 LI
2 di + '--I &I by& &d l
+ J I u ~ ~ i -, d ~ s hW+ 4 &&I1 -4 i)3& ipw1 + 4: J+L d i u '.I.L;;YI~ ;,I ( \ 4Y4 - \ A 0 4 ) Havelock Ellis
+\+YL & > Z f l ; 4 L l - J L I
LL! JLI~ d 3 ~ +I - 3i J.AI - Ly iP@l3 .+ & J L I I ~l+Ql
hi3 sz @~JL) &LJI +I p44-J
e g ' & ~ J j3+Lbi 19-
~9 &+I3 - .WLdjYl +ilJGL u . . + & - I I ~ A _LY u ZIZl--J i) i
&j3+ i j l + l l o b j 'i)jIpj?-Ul
i + + J l i-I & j L J - 41
- Anastasi, A.: Differential Psychology.
- Terman, L.M. et al: Genetic Studies of
Genius.
- Vernon, P.E.: Creativity.
- Harms, E.: Handbook of Child
Guidance.
+ J + b ~ i ~ b i ~ ~ ~ ~ LAI bij .-& UI J~jJi)~ ? - -
JL& bG3 d+! &a J I ~ J ~ I o h
&a &%J w- +A 2 .! .,*I ' : I
bJ+. t.;. Jy ,j13 L L l A l ?+ s>U ((Role repertoire JI jJi
Role J I~JY I j+)) b13 .&&I . P I
@ &Ir9 &&I + ((distribution
+I A\; I j l j ~ ~ l o b +L
J i d l (p -. ',~e#~;ll *l+l 2;Lg . ..
b3& 'd 42 .b $+ $1 d j J 3
+ J19t1 UL &$* & i l l .. J j d l
GLL! &a A\ o J j ~ +- j i &O~L+I
Jj,s.lr 413 b~ Y x-j . ~ j i ji $ $4 2Ij r- M Role playing
4L;aj .+ . - 2I 4 :Overacting &dl ..
. RBle 3 .z++ L i Role US
3,29fl '+a -1 am +I 'j-ij
. " ; U d l > - O J j J & +@I
1 &a Role j j d l ?9&4j
b ~ i ijJl - Dramatic r. - - 4 1 ..
b-I ;; lft.! ) L g l L '+a 4' + P 2 4 b& &I C ( u d l ) ) ; A !
s ((3.c)) + + L ji .- L C ~ ~ J:J 4 La~ 1,. & .&.tA L.&y
~L ; ; I , L+~ - .ISL~.;WI,~ ji w
IJ- A\ ; ,A; ,% I ; ; O \ ~ - I I
'J.c ij* L;;iSj . L & l ~ I
L J j J " ;UwJS&l iJ j .. LZypn -* c- :J&5 J$+ AS ;&I i k j
Lsph& 4;i ji .b+ p ~ b ~ j . ) u ~ ...
b, n ; i A L . 4 LW)) c i J L I-.uLLf .. .((";UJ-- p-)) + Lib 1I&l
41 .. ,ljJa1& 3 -1 L;gx
:Role theory JI~J$I &A3 .b
ciJ+l;;4 J+ 41 - +I +j & - I .i ,'LL+I b J l j J ; d & + h 3 ..
LL\ +&Y\ L L i i l l j L$ I3 .. . . P
&&'dl J~j i 'd lU + C
b1 . l+ ?&ill JL -~l;ll .Social rs
.Actual personality -1 4;: . :
fb-3 - e l d l J ,#.! t - aLL3
JLJI g U ((r. Coflict J ~ 3 ~ ; d ~ "
i*&-i,k'&fi\ . " &U
&eb-e?+Wulc# 5 5
& 3l btu '933 km OJ3J
4 - zlj; J I ~ J ; ~ ! cp.!j .+I3
,((Auxiliary r. i ~ c b l ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 ) ) @ ~lrl
&$I &krLb Jj* v-kA ?% &h - s~ b~ hi '.+i ?++ LLUL 5~
\ ~ j & ~ 3 r J ~ 3 ; l f P & , r-6
LF d 3 '((Role set J~JJI LC*)) "
J3+ pJ~3Ji -41 p ~ ; d ~
The &>I J~JJI 9 % &krLb
e4$I ~ 3 r l l &LJ .leading role
' i u . U I J13~hl &+ y WL
d l y, &is ++ & ~ 1 1 l b 3
$3 . W l OJl3JL ?++ 9 3 &!$I
hi elcJljJ;dl + +.LJL ?+ L
'LB119" &= &Ls +J & + Y3 'LB;L+L 4S+ +>la+ Y 'I,: 9 ;
.JI~;LI &k &
d&u &C & J191;dl h+ - v&,\ &u& ' .,,,,,; y I ,.) - . , ,UI
& d l hj+Yl 31 +ql 9 3 3 'i,&
g4 L 3 'pJ\3~i @ L 3 b p g u r &LIu & k ! l i,& .pJ~3& O J j J G)lr
@ Y! ?==A' *3 Jl>$l + - . ekil v-iA> & p+ J)L
;IF p - d l p u 3 . L 4 i , A d l
i, i 6 p% ,'YL b c a , J3,gy &I 5
i,l& L&j3d\ I b & &
i,i3 ' a ~ 3 @ b u b& & c a , . 4 - - x ; i , i & & i s & O &
i,p iWl& - J-1G3 .-I & &+Lo u3 ?+ & d l - w-JI
di 6 -MI - w J d l 3i &+I P
?% i,i +A L JL ?Lg '"JSJ & v W I VJ 4 &,+I &L + b& .1- Ji-k? d3 Ls4fi3 ak13 + L+Ld npj 'Jjdl '&h L!
1249 '((Role expectations J~JJI - 4 d u - I ""3 'aIJ+l L* -
P
r. J j d I p-! +J-+= 3 J - k
&L& & & '((enactment
r. f l h I I
. . I dl >'' p-"% J3
>I - J19-'L! +JL;;~ s3 .((personality
Y ? 3i 41 ?%
&& &k L d J J+1 h b !
% I+ L. ja;, 10Jj+ ?+ &dl - u--J . ( + l ~ t l iJ9-..! .+Ll
I - 9 1 L; L a w 1
u;o;?p3 J A j l dS9 .jk&'dk 5 9
9~ . XL +$I ~i y ~ 9 LJ~9JL~ 5
L d l j 91 I d * Uw-9 LL>oJd l
L U 9 ~ ~ L p ~ u y t g & A rewardclf LLY l k dS - C
Reinforcement $9 p 'ki 45+
J~9JL~ wJr3~3 .J~LII 14
Cs- t3;4 JuCY-J aL, L+J j . J + - ' A 2 i T ' J! eg.9AJ.J
The scolastic theatre dl c+l
$59 .4cjl +X &dl I d + Lhu Yl 5 - 9 - L&LZ JULI j9& 91 .. J! 9J?~
+ J U ~ ~ I & ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~
& , a t ~ : : t ~ ~ % i p & ~ - - IL
'XL Cinderella YJJ- L A 9
& d-d z-YI JjJ & - 'ji>+ I++ + +>g .alyLu +si)i L Y ~ . ~ ~ +c~9y~ CB]
& 41 o.J~9Ji b9++ >'L+ - - bi LA +9 .GI+
- . taL*k,ipp 1 4 1 1 # U - aL*;,;iliUhhtl obh@ Lp
&k ialdL \b & Jjdl
06 2.1 *+I ?jlZrl &+I 5 iL+L.i i.,L
d j 3 L & p U l Y .
J~J, .+$I ,i ,jy~ a ~ + + 'l+i C
r. ijl ! t, 7 a gl ijla j L A N J ~ J
LA JI 9 ~ ; d ~ J.c ,_r;; ir;s . ((demands
..:.:\I c&-i L4+Aj .LA+'&
& i,?JJill)'3 Identification
I r . rehearsal
U~JJ! &4 LJ13~~ l
+ J-> . Role perception LJ&$
Role taking aptitude & & kiJG
L; i)+ ijd o h 3 . b l+ ! +i
p-+ ~ L Q l l ~ & L ~ p
A 9 t,e&JJ ;i;&La GJd ; J d I D*
a J d b J&~ 3+ JULI 41 LMl dlJ&.!\ & - . 31 LsLh.ii - +cjs9~bUIL+& ..
,9-J'vG(dlJl9 -&&W J! rb bjb L&dK oJ&cL
Fb94)9J -i u s 9 L J ~
i)K 1 J 3 d eg;~g;y'b~gi.
+Jldl I- c;ihl;;cachGU3
&&3iuJ3Jfl upGL Role ~~d 1 L L i L ) ) ?-us I dl>
5
&+L= $12 + dli3 &((diffusion
L G ~ .kJ3~~ ~ 4 1 ~ 1 0*
isdl cv&.. : : i Q;,P
I & r + j + LJ 3 c
J L ~ + ; L ; ~ ~ ? L J S ~ B W I & .. -
9-11 c"' ".I"- . . p b 3
& Psychodrama -1 L IJJL
p3 bi J~~ . . bJ~3Jt~ %+
ALU - - 442 + iJ~3Ji IJILL~
c&,JJ &+~JLA 2 4J 2, . . I f . 1 .. I P
U i " 4 -, I < .?.aS . n i ; " ' 1 b lo,Lhr 4 ; r -
W
& ~ L l ~ 3
.+I
J ~ ~ & ~ ~ i J ~ i +
eldl - w -~~ ! l z j b CrC+Yl
& L ~ I ~ " ‘&+I +&'dl AWL - - '. P P w
L + L L T * ~ I O L ~ & I U ~ ~ -
&4kd13 Iu3 -\-?.'dl jl329\
- &&'dl a141 cbJljr. y zc&
B J U I p-! d 'jx L o p 3 - d3 .Social skill &&'dl
Biddle, B.J.: Role Theory: Role Theory:
Concepts and Research.
- Gross, N., Mason, W.S. & MC
Eachern, A.W.: Explorations in Role
Analysis.
- Sader, M.: Rollentheorie.
- Sarbin, T.R.: Role Theory.
Basic or +,L~I a l J w l ril Jk - M - djj+ b \ I 3 fundamental skills - "lJL&Jl L g l + .. .
&.,.,I ijLgelK 'Higher level skills 3i I j L4 .Lb3 ; ILL5 rM Language skill
z , \ g \ & z j > z j@I d K
& 4 'Skimming s. j LL&k - &C LComprehension s. "&-'dl +:* +:* +:*
L1jdL &ii Study skill I skr. &L Skill i j Lgd l
&a L((lntellectual skills a lJb, , & &JUI 2\93! + O+ &I-
'((Motor skills GAI AI~@I. ALL, zJL+dl .&.. ' z r k ~ + &;r.lbli;
cklCLj .s&l 41 stj d.h3 + p k l l d+I 2 - ZsjJI
J U L z ij&I;1Cj13 ijl& iZd) - ZAP
J-3 c59 i'?! ~ep (i Ub;;l p -
9 LB?;&93+~ i)9~-2 r k 9 1 J! +I.L~ (iw +& &dI - p ~ l 4i.s
. . - 1 1,,2 +lJCyl & ( i d \ yj .+I -
aU+I &L.+ + p U I w&&\l
L& j$~ j&~&~ .k i yjjll
&IJ@\ (JL 3
Perceptual- GF %I,J! ijljL&Q)) b!
-2 .J3+!2 L'dl+ +jr +IJ% & - [JJc ((Skillful behaviour pkl\ &+I))
+ &i - L~~ U+I i j q & ~ ~ + . L ~ ~ ~ I ~ A * & I . ~ ~ L ~ I I . . I
L&u13 L*shll L - U J L J I
Ljjb 9 L E ~ L 1 9 .&+!I3 L + I j d l j
-JI ( ti - ! L& l j~3 &y & - + &&I & M I
& L _ M I ~ ; ~ I + + i . e b ~ ~ - _ g ; r ~ ) ) ~ L . 2 & - - +MI PO++ - .lJkl . ~ i &+ - - c L - + ..lk;91 J! e;;r4 b.91 & X I t ~ ! I ) ) ~ A 2 3 . ~ j L g e l ~ - $ ~ & S ( c ~ - i $ + ~ ) ) J ! & d l ..
$1 a13-!&d ((Mental rehearsal . p U I l ~ k l i K U 4 +I
I P Is;;ylIGJ9
(jL! J! $ 4 6 ;i-CXLLL3 - - -$I $1-41 - -
~ s + e ' & ' L ~ ksC .-;i a l J ~ l +, ..lJhl b ~ k i
+&I,, wlJi wjd~ p - ' ( ( r n l +&I)) 'j.c ctkLfr+I p + "
- . r a ! ~ 3 J1 +LA doL!\
w- J! i I , A ; ; A i-j fi w j d
a\&$! J! J L Y l b* & h - I
9 a\jw\ *j ;klul &"+I+ &lJi + w J ~ ~
.&+ j U l 3 -11 & - 2-1 w
&+I += fjpJl&#l+s
+s .iJLgell +,MI & - I+LZS~& Y LgdLj .wi ~ l ~ ~ g c l l
L pj ' $ 4 1 $lii 23- YI
Informative h J L l j Y l . L a \ ) )
&;Liil\ 4 - J-~YI '((feedback
- -. L+j-a~ -I+ phi + d h 3 .0j1+ ,y
5
@y 9 . j l j j> + & L 3 :YIP
&+I i,+-p W i d ! j~~ - A. Bilodeau: Acquisition of Skill.
23 @lp.JI i;" i)b (d +j 'qlLJI
L C & 'wCill * JiLysuSi i)& + $
LA r-~~ b& 3i bps ;;4 p ~ ~ 4 . 4 t ~ ~ g L+ + &i - ) O - - d-1 - ;$I ctd-1 I d 4Udl k g + .. . . 3i 6c~S;;rI j L + jj@I dl .,UI + D+ J~L + Ai &-++l(I-LB!~+Jlbbp+3
+L,,+++LJ+&~~
eiJ &+ i)i+ LJL &+ 3i ~ K L
.-I* ,J+?2
\ V O A ) Gall Jpt Luj- $19 i)g9
j3i - 41 -. e+~ +L - ( M Y A -
e ! y L ! j + J i 7 +a
-i p3 &VI - ~i~ g WI .. - ~ I & * ~ ~ u ~ ~ - + I I d
p - i h ~ ~ J&U Lw# +L! hi &+ ,+JI + L B - ~ D I ~ &dl .. 9 3 , ( \ AYY - \ V V 7 ) Spurzheim 3 w-&&jI ?+ e;. &i - 2 .. CLJI
3 3 Mental f . ; i + L d I ~ 1 3 i a ~ ~ ~ l
I A I . - 1 A 1 1 4 J& L +j .-I - L
I + Phrenologists i.19 &I ,.Phrenology CLJI &I+)) - e l p I ~ J * L , ((ct;l+)) JL 3 i l . a l +L
' ; I ~ I & L~ &I., di J! agb bj id+ia~+ ~ g ~ ? r . & ~
Modularity c,&LJI +>)) ji $+
I ((Module t&tl .9 '((hypothesis P - 6 Broca Kj9 # .U L+-
- +I 61 $L - ( M A * - \AIL)
p-i~gl&~+p.,-
. L J I i k ; b + ! 1 3 d I J ~ Y ! - +!I
e'L - i.;'* JJgkl u - ij~.&dl~
p JWI . ~ k i - J~~~ -. ?+I - , L Y I 5 - ld; &llell o h
1 &&& dIJ~y1 $;-I ~~141 pjJ - .;~I~+-TI p ,i ~ L Y I p I+ - 5 -
u ~ r + LLJ+ i j ~ ~ j
+ d l i j l J d 1 3 i j l ~ l & Y L Jgk11
pj - ~ 9 > (jK3 'ijULQI& J$& +L
V
3% - b-f I J+ifl -LJA -9 - +j ' a u k Q4 yrrrLl +,3i+
Criticizing idUl J & J ~ U+ LLJLUS
bi y3 . J ~ ~ I+ uc9 'faculty -
2~~~ + 2-49s+Y
'J? LJF p--JJI dsLwt' '& - u l cYLl i)3A*i;urL &I!> LA
J! l j 9 A b4> La3 . o h c+sf
- T. Acquinas: Summa Theologia.
- R. Descartes: Meditations on First
Philosophy.
- C. von Wolff: Psychologia
Rationalis.
- W. James: The Principles of
Psychology.
'%IS 'L+ .u;1& .. + ~i GI-41 L6I-r + % 'd;r!j L l j i)gW + .. bis&p3,+~&~d+ .. ..
,P W -1 pg l-;s,@pcb G& & -
,,,A ; !I Ji &; , '% ,,,A ; 11 - - p &&I Y '+JJ G I + y I LIUI
' & d l @ L,;5 .iu13 &d l9 C
i,' J 3 4 + d l b L 6 *+ .%&i J&.;L,. .O~LL~&P;?
* o r b 3 o& &%+ p4 iji t h ~
&i A L G JWI JF& s3
~ 1 ~ - &C & iJJ & ((Murray dlJp, 4-+ L 1413 ' d i ~ - dlJF &L,.,. , ((Recipathy)) ( \ 9 Y Y ) - $1 &?.;led! XJ-1 -& &
'&j &+%I JIFi y..t
-Id341 x 5 i ~ l , , e-Y!i;llstgg
i,wY .((Criticizing e. iAC i f I
X J W \ + ( \ 4 L 9 - \ A 9 Y ) Sullivan
,A six sense L-rL LL- -&I+efI
;r .& i,i , ~ 3 4 l + 0-4 4;: J+A L &+i klg .m& +I+I Z~UI
k;.+&\p -. - JLL;~~ -A kLYj k b ~*j i&
L r L L + L J - 3 ' Z * l r A I I 3i 9 Li3 '(.s(u& 3i i j L y & u U I .. & & b3c4 &Ie$\ &JL;afI
4 s G 3i . t91; 3i bu - Li,4~J " . . $1 2: j f i - ,u
- ;-, -, * '-3 C
Z.lLpi,&Ll J+i,l@+ - P
Emotional j I - . indentification
3i GUI + + J L ~ i+A
, JULI + pJi~u3;lss,~
y3 ~ p 9 _ 9 x f b ! C L 3i p&LW i , !
i+L L L ~ P! i kbL i l I i , ~ - a y u dlJ2?I wd )?L*ic
p3 - .k&ijA+5u GI-$1
y a &bE L I J+ y -1 +jW1 L;;! J+ W3 i ~ ~ b ((&)I i j l i k l l -
C
(j\ b&\ bi% , o J L b d L J U
& L ) C a JL . - &#I b 2 ~ i
4 ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ j ~ ~ c z u ; i i
JI & A GI+$\ x J u \ bi + I I h 3 . I p G i J I ;, .. J! L*& 3i 6 9 d~3- -
p3L b ~ ~ i ?J + +\ . L ~ I .
Z J u \ - y 3 .wd$d b -. -
e ' ~ - Murphy: Social Behaviour and
J'+ c,Ls Ll I < A -
. - ;e*3
Child Personality.
i, with the p-41 31 & U L &I
'rival or with the opponent theory
UL, dy A b+ & d l w~ ;Jb - - hi t ~ , \dg a.., a d L
~ L J ~ ~ ~ L ' + A ~ I J ~ ~ ~ . G
b, LLU& \ '.W3 & I 2 L 3
L dij '4u. *I* ii* g j95; .. ,i L~MI y 5 ~ *; i+ a-
& bpi + ++I Y! LL;, d P 3 1 3 *3'dlJ-.Lki
L IJ&i j& l u3 ' JJ ; : f l I b+a
d3 4ciel1 3i 3 e-k~~ -A3 -. .$3 + &I ,I, ws &+
9 3 '&& Jji 2 J&\ dy dl& - i , 3 ~ d ! &.dl - d+\
'++;;dl - &,+dl
&Li4 Jk - b - 'Oedipus situation
ww 4? i,&-! 4 ,,; ? ir. eJ;kl
hi &i l l - -LJ+ 'cekjy ~ I ~ A !
l i d . + d ~ & ~ i e l ~ d ~ d ~ ~ i - . -
4 2-13 J ~ % 3 &$$I 0- '41
dh ~ g ~ i -. 31 +I J+Z LLUX~ .WI
W'LI, &iguj3'b+ - && J ~ ~ l ~ q ' 4 ~ +
+3.ji3 + &I ild-;.: 9 &I - 'L+4l rl;C d J j G3 '@
'Cosmic i. j g Y \ &I 4 J& &i3 -
- p ~ i d . j 1 + ~ 3 i ~ J ~ s f ~ g t k i - Mystic b-43A1\ & l I n-~ -
+j L dj h13 'annihilation
2-41 Lbj -a* 0+j iw1 ;, + +& L 'ki p3 . Pantheism
p .. LA & d l i jLl+kL &)Qfl
,Depersonalization i l--kdJl hid
+i3 '+I3 + ( - 4 J F 3 hi b ! *
tls;i + p ,i .+I p h + ~ ; ? ..
&I+ & d l yL!;*( .ul - C
2 A i i A3 '+I w&& &I3 4 A A UCtJ 4 ,.,n ; j l - 7 ; , d\ ct.09-J\ - - 2 & l & i J l p d j 3 ' ~ q
ap3 % )\;6, lip i)& rM~ltiple i.
2- - 4 3 .h&L b ! &+i
Multiple personality ;i . LIJ : I
.I+ j + . I I l ia
L i ~ ~ l . ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ & G J I
i. &&L - &I - - . L
dj &ii3 'with the aggressor
U+&* ir. &+ p +*- & ~ ~ : + ~ . d ~ ~ ( j ~ ~ j - ~ l ..
L ( j % L J.C t+A\;u bb y L \ d l
.L+G Qf (jK &!I .. 6 I.:,& igr;ll
I .. I i J;Y' - &I kJ&l p - & i 1 1
(j? I Primitive j l + l Primary i. ..
~ L & j t t 9 3 i ) 9 ~ ~ ~ * ' W '
(ylj 'dF &A $UI &p L~ d
4 - Lgr 4 &I .. c&h13 ~ b & 2 ~
+'++ .&I Cfbg 1- 2 I b l .. 9 c lib 1 6 r-.:?.r & ?;g] e l
&ilj idF +aj dF Lk >~h, 3 J G Y I + j G j ,++ +WI L
3' it&+ LjWL==d & & 2 ~ ? y 3i + ~ . . . . ~ 4 ; 4 ~ ~ ~ .&l j
bid +dl -2 Aj '*GY
~ > L . ~ J I - hi + i.3)=L4gihg .edj
( j~l . ,@L&+&.~~>j l
L& & d l i)$3 q u r h j p ;)A df! .. JIL;.fl G L o l c +-+ L dlj3
pj . Secondary i. &Lll - &I
(jL .Projective i. &I.-! .. ki + yu~ ji ~-31 A ~-,zi &$ -
c+l b&ii3 .& i,& 4+& +I
,i ij4jJI ~ e g ~ c ( j ~ ~ t g . .WI + +- 34%
o+- .&>I
The social- G b Y l 1 4 1 L J
(ji ,J J! i d 1 2 J+ t, influence theory
& ' 3 ~ L ; l l i p k ? l J j &
t &-I1 J I + h C I U & L ; w
J.&Jl L-LYLLJ3 'i#I & k t 9
h 'JLdI -. 1 L n + Yl Hero-worship
V j;; ju+i 'GI., 1 4 1 + ~ i 5
$1 & I d ' &3 .. &L3 . y I
b i + b h & a \ + u 1 + 2 & ~ - dJ ( j 4~g .+& .G~&&dJ ( j f i
.&+3 o d ~ t1p.i
+L+ d3
4 Df I Associanists &&_;dl
&i 3 .Conditioning &l+yL ...&II
Secondary cSg;ml j d I % -, 1 _ . - & +J 631 'reinforcement - c ; t 3 J * ~ u ! + a ~ k L . +I + LA& oJ+ G .+.J31 2-23
u;-- & bi ~ L I g .. c++ LJ;L
-I di.+dI JL~I
:el,
- Freud: Introductory Lectures on
Psychoanalysis.
- Freud: The Ego and the
Machanisms of Defence.
- Miller, N.E. & Dollard, J.: Social
Learning and Imitation.
- ) A -
uelllkpl* Psychology of Play
b I 3 . +'LG+ &+J+ 'UP - ' d L J d $ d & I IbJLeT
& LLUi p.& L iigS3 '(Q-J3.
L L
b 1 -+- OLAL A . +3$1 - ,
& LJ+ b U i S-9 ,,yi391 JI bWYl +h.J '$31 &+ k;U -.
bk3SlP J! GLL i l l A J +
&I i ld l &3s-fP3 A+ d3 G&I~ .+I 3i -41
- Conscious i. LJ-'IL;;; i,, LJ$'d b& S3 'Deliberate i-3
k.9 ;)A Jgg t Unconscious i.
Collective 'b ;l& S3 , Individual i.
e~~~~ .. b&i~~ *&i d h 3 .i.
L&i I;& & b~ ,Introjective i.
2 : I - - ,
. . 7.n -1s; + +L JI
jkg - 'b&i
d+l - + ie+ ;+ '& L;SI 7 b c ~ AS ,--, ; 1 i;Y ,'I%
L+ 9 J
d + ~ ~ - &I bi 3+..,., .Z+L~I A & - j b ~ I + lntrojection cL~II13
L4.p- dK3 ''+dl &.LLdl
L+I b i ce-~~3. -13, ; + L
31 U+u3gd, z L ~ I I l L ~ . ; -. 'dZ
& ~ J ~ + ~ i * + ~ b &
$1; ka. & a l l &iljll ~ k \ d I 3 . C &I - +dl + &+ dig . k g i l S - & -lj 4 ,LL
.. C -. ( { J - A I , ) + ~ d c ; l 4 - bi A L I - i + . e b \ + L k i
5
j l +&A itL1AL LLs' NJdI &'&
+i& +- dig .-&I 3i & G G - 4 1 &J~~--;? -1 2-
" - J! Jkd &i j! i;b . Play-pleasure
~ + , , h h G i 3 . i k ; ~ J U L I
.i~i,iu;i 4ii dsda~ - d - 9 1
g - ~GI,++Y'GI., JJ SL+
++ h w l e ~ j JF~ pj L W I
di>i;L+~ 9 Lij . G I ~ 3i LA - j++ Jj . ~ j 91 ;i;;+~ svlj
dl Gi d3 1G3 + +Liz L * e i-l~ 4i.4~1 jie I~!U_LUI+
a&& Jpkl + h I I 3% \4 djj
.&dl ill+~k Play moralities +I
'+A)) '-,. 17 i);d iJ L IT-LUJ - -WI JL $91 A 1bj ..iui JL A- .Amateur player d31e_fl - . Professional player A+! +LWI
A k;jlJ.rsik]iij p+3 '$1 c,~;i3
&dl - ' + ~ l L l & 3t;;P3 ' + d l ( j L l - 5
5
'I+ ,a+ bl & A K ~ & & L X
aLb13ilhL;I . 5 L ; 9 e j J I 3
L p y f ! ! +ilk;jg bp3
d & ~ ~ W ~ 3 . ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~
L solitary play LA\+! p$l JJ j - + ku+~~‘&-$dii&i -
+& ;I -- A di y 3 -s+ k;4
A &JIP;YI - 41 IL bi Y! b3+91
i;Yg'&+iiGI~',J!dy.-)-eir) 41 4 bi L k i >& A L LIJI
+I d3 .Solitary playing & ~ l s d ; Y l - - '-+\* &&!I aKp ~ $ 2 &A\P;YI -
UJ + +.J ..L;LL Jb -
&dl 41 6 gr69 ,Exploratory play - *~+~p+si+~b& -
4 L I . 5 && + &ill3 .+I + cS+L\ - p L i L Y l y .L;LI ',LC
L- bi ,i3u ,.L&Ll+ +d3
JAJI~ .UL;J J! A;;,., h.~j-ti
.+L dj i ) ~ ~ ~ r e l ~ J+ L ;r 9 i u~&iF.. -*;dl b .
'dbj 'dl+'+,, &i +dl 4 &.J .. - d + '5%u hb l4+ l ! A+,.,
'+dl &?>L2 d'p3&I
++d l l&3 .4p~$&L~
Player's personality -Xfl ;i I . L
+\ LL&I~ .'+MI + J~ I.+
& L L ! ~ W I 'L&! L&UJL+
JK; '-y jgs-k,J '4j lJLgng ~lJ.J33 P
'++A3 '0.13 LccjLCI- +l
&I% ,I3 r~h&\3 , & L 4 b 1 3
.ls- WI LL (P
J! - G I + L Y I A&&\ +j 'clX
'J~YI -+J,db 'GL bL)! I >-
di u .-G a J 3 p 41 (P IG-X~
' & L l - c aJj-9 LW+ aJj+
&LL iu, . - ;IL;?~~ .-@ ijj+j
. + l a A + 4 J & ~ , d ~ ~ i -
+ d p &3 +>.J 4 - 4 ~ 9 3
4 ~ L l ~ FULL OA J)Ci (P $uI
4 1 ~uciic play - &p3 - +ijiei;sLw!~&s- 2141 - dyL13 JIS&~I L A ~ I ~ G dj . ~ i
5
&+I Alp +2tk3 g.ijlFY13
k l A l ~ l +ly! b3 L A & d l XJ
eL-;? ji .- L ~ + I ~ I . L J I ~
2j . u i , s S , I LJJ+$LJI
p3 &+%I JLLb& bi 4-1 :&
Imitation i K U 1 3 ,+k j3@ P
++Ij L+I ++ J C Y
&A @ i,& &+%I & Spectating
L +JI~~LIL,,II ,+I
3. @bar1 41 ~$2 L;LLgill'+
fi +I ij~+~ +-I $i L ~ u ~ ~ ++A b & J 3 U W l b Lb k J l 3 -L d l 3
L uu J U L ~ 3 6 + L A
Make-believe I Y U I ) , eL3 - 5 -
&!dl hi :((let's ptetend p.)) .play
IL .& Roles j13~i 2 J+
bp ,+ A JAJI hi J 3 ~ i ~
+ I o w * ~ ! + ~ l l L A ~ - ~
::---I: A3 ,.Fictional play &G 4.
Receptive 4)) 9 L & L A l ~
-& . . - 4 Wl &I l i b :((play - jj& &i 3i ,++I 9i &1g1%&
9i L + ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ 9 JU& G ~ 5 ~ + riyl4 La+& &i
Constructive j W Y 1 < . d l ) ) ?! 'r 6 W
91 I I I i 5 :.play
~~+~',iL,i,*~i;d&+ s3 ,((Musical play & d l 41,) 4 - 9 .. JULI 41 + t1s;i dj g r r ; ~ k r l k I+-,\~ bi J+~ G~AI+ ..
;r 'w bi~~l 41 iJY . - L+ at^^
4i;.'l+~. ~ 4 5 ~ ' &i s3 .~L;..I+I
UJ\-i,&iw.. ,((Indoor play
,((Outdoor play 4 1 -. cJli))3 ,&+Yl
L ~ ~ & + - ~ a u ~ G + ,i .((Parallel play &jl+I 41)) 96, !La3 - &i b9. + WG JAII
J JL~ &+$I JU~I y & 3 b
J- g I+ ++ 4ji YI < . .eui
u gi 41 A . - p9 , jubbtl
41)) i-3. J-91 t" "I+
'dl -1 ,C,ollaborative play j 3 U I .. - g, JpklI i.Wkz u3 L ; q l U l + g
+d@d+&-&Igt+2
&i L S ((Tactile play 4 1 , )
L b ~ 3 u ) C Y \ 3 ~ \ J ~
4' tL3q-k Y3 .ijLl&I
L h I ;;I JU~I + p+le. . -. bi ji .-&lug ~ L L w ~ f ~
.+I ,Is$ oL;; WL;; . ijLI;r;~Yl .
4 1 ' '+I - j 3 w 1 - +I i,& L Tdj ~iLa &&ck ~ i l A 1 1 jA2
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p j ~ b b ~ l ~ - e ; ; i ~ ; j ~ @ s ~ i ~ ~ - - LL~+w~
O+ JU~I k ; ~ . ~ W I a2 '+I - Y!
4 1 92 'ds -&dl J I S J ~ ~
41)) 6- J! d J u \ 3i j j l t i l l - eL;, di jj Y; ((Social play &+YI -
LJ; +l,;-.arl - +13 -41 j u t 1
~ ~ t l i w
rPkJl + d l ;p 43s L J! $91
Organized +I . ~ L y l + -.
ulgktl s 3 & d l - 9 ((play
& ~3&2 &sJU& i , ! ? 6 ~ ~ 3 3 1 3 9
ijLXIJI +S=i;Sf! Gcs-+ r i ) g M I
vLp+ L . J - + p j - % F L h Y I
e% dp G L + b 3 W 1 3 s J m \
. j3wl - +JI J ~ i GLS u +I
eg ' '+I - j&tl& bjwl i;s;19
+d.!ls .+u;~I h- -JJ &
& &1$1& F J A ,> j3wl
4 (,ill L k J l ys 2l2j=I2 L p &
+ + @ L + ~ r ~ y & L l l & Playing d l Lb)) 2 XJhl
p-Ij1 ~ L b i Xi% & 41t ((team
bk+ a,.,., ;+I z 2 k + Y+L ; ~ ; . - ; @ + ~ Y \ , ~ G L * L
,i +,i ~ ~ k f i -MI
. J+i z d p ' d ,Aj* JUi LUG
WLJI ;r JA JU~I di LUI +3
L 1 ~ ~ 1 % ji9 WLJI 3i L L d ~ l ~ 5 ~ ~ & i r . ~ t
L G S ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : S ~ , Y W I ~
JLIlje;; d y J 1 - h JU~ Xi%+% LLj L U
Y IU+~'+IL~~;"AY~~F - . - 4 1 JI JU~I i,Lg .&& i jW l
UI -. LK I i! 3i Lbt~ J- '+I+L - t. +3 L p - d ~yJh b i , ~ $1
i I + i @+I C
L L l+Ldlj lXJlX13&ihl & ;+-)'I
+ ar3 .dm1 -+I; +'L+i
~ 9 ~ i 41 g .. Gus JI ~i I LLdl ~ m l ~ 9 ' G u r ; l l ~ a J +
&4jljJLlrWl ~L3+Aul p ..
+i *I+YI .. +JJ GL YL &us 41 ~ ~ ~ p ~ ~ ~ . d c l i l ~ u i . . ~ g ~ . l
C J & I ~ N LLUS +3 'Hobby & I 9 c-l . - '((Animal hobbies irLl+l 2-9
Craft hobbies - 4 1 a&1413
' & - ~ a ~ i i t l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a i 1 1 ~ 'iJ&-!w .Gardening hs. U 1 3
zq;Wl;, &3 JAul4& L i 2 L 3
~i~ '4, + ,MI JI 5 . LAL a~J+
t* ~ I A I b~ -141 3i a w l u!
cfas ' i j l d l 41 i)+ &+;dl JULI -6 -i JU'W b+ 41
J+ Y +MI JA3 ' 4 1 + 9 3 ' 7 4 fl&+fI p-? J~kbQl
5
&+I GI @ + -. l 5! i)4?2LJ Wlill
p , ~ d hi 4 1 3 , b k p3 ee;,~+ dirl - jL;)!13 &+LC& b& +A! dL - +&3LLUj - J+ \dl 4 p . j
4 +i ' 5 ~ WI J~
p 3 ' 5 2 "! '+i b ! p-guJ3 '&
& 3 JO* - +I j i ~ ~ Y l p ,i cdb J&JI -
+l+4 p9-d 3352 -33 ~ 4 4 LGu~~ J J ~ 3i &*L+I Gu~~ +I J ~ u ~ 3 'L- w-j~ bq 3i
.a\+ 4iJj1t4
L3 GAIJdI p '+All &A )&!I3 - &L &I3 & ,a* * .
+LA\ 3i ((Peers i,lp%l, L
++13 .%UI 3i &I G ~ i + 9
*Y)U ,13J;dl +I I b
w;uj .L~ I -~~- I+L I~+~
ee'x?;j ek' i,G9 LL+J i,*K11
a4jl+a @ -K11- A '-QWI
y!pdd&i b>J,alk l I i$
,i 41ikl+4;iJ+ bJjLo4 - -,+' Qf +
P " $ g v W ' e G & 5 4 ' 3
. G ~ L ~ ~ 3 -&,a aP %I3
2 dl jz Lj)C19 LLa iiLlj - i,i & L +T &b3 - &I aL,Li . - - +wis ,,G A '4 L+! JL+
+ 41~ . a ~ , ~ . - $19141 9 ~ g r i glg
J-1 jL i I++ ?hpt4\ I d
& U I ,aG *.J . & J J & J I 4 L l ~
~ ~ Y l ~ J l p i d3+ 14
i,u bJj .+ 9' . j U 9 I 3 . - o h p i,b 1 r 4 I 0.'2 a U I gI+I .. 5 3 L-&\njhtI JO+ ;(C2P d l
41 LL+ di LI
L L G +>,L(l&4 L . e j U ~
i L u . J I 41 k ~ k &3 .Mpi
JU~I u k iji J! 4-1
eL" r " 8 4 dL &UI
, ; ~ G t I + M I &A-&$I &+I
G & L I .. &-Lid - ; ~ ~ ~ 9
Y-a; p&! i,& + ';J,+i'ifl - i,L+Ij+Is j+I f i h t L d &+S
& M I &.+"a\ 31 +L '&LJI .. .G&;d! 0- JU~ 4 ,$aL J & d I - LJ+ -19 LBJ ;;WI 3i 4-l3
9 - G\dglL JU% @ &+ Z-L
.+~i
* aL,L dL% ij+ LJJ9
+ d H . 3 .C+I JA,L JU~U
JU%I 44% .Sexual play 4 1
J.'uI J-. ' L U I L'Ly
J 2 3 ' 4 1 I . . - ~ ~ ' s ~ 3 ~ ; i i L o
5
Y I -L",L. 3 5-Y I &4 'jL2---ll 5 5
.+!A\ L J ~ I ,I ~,kl\ 2 ic&l3 - p 3 L ~ l & ~ l ; t _ L L r L 3 p ~ ~ -
yr k J 3 .? -. b l bj+ 4&
LI$$dI + & L a p J1 J&l I;M LA2
LUL -. G3yZ.l J1 +L . . L L s t I p . .. Lu$dl J'IbA L a d l +2 aL+ll
4;19i3 oAy p z , , ~ GYLI .. . P . . - p'%=+ +I g &!dl &I L+23 -
P 5
b9L+9 W! b*-J+23 &9 14
dis b&ii d l - . aLb&atg .h
. L l A \ JAdl LA2 +d l aL?AL1;1l &
g 'i~+ JAII +i2 +3
L A i J l ..dl-(- !&4=&1 '4 LJJI ?+ $1 3 .Tolerant homes
hi L d 3 u ~ 3 J+I + Jd~ A j+ii-.. 'U 3 fJ2-*~A b&
',it - d i 6 CTG~ . 2 4 1 ~ a d 6 ~ ~ & S & ~ j - r l - - JUI
LL b& &b Authoritative home
+a A L ~ U S Z J @ I + W ~ I J!kj
&.MI &s &I - i2GJsl ;li U .++.I\
)1Lg b( tzl Child-pampering
.iyjq L & j & d l - +LJ;dl,
' 0 L pYl p L p p G3 & d l
, k k l l * *L! $L"$ p-j
o & 0 9 h & b & C i ) JS+
.&+313 &Jj3 6 C
4yuI P L l + J31 9 i)K3
ikh -xJw w: i ,f,; -33 cu P
& GJL I-.b+j 'jib h I J -
J;b ~ L N ,y4 +I - J&Il ~ j b
3 .((Little Han's case J-l l
- \ M Y ) Melanie Klein &YS j% - '+A')) i - . L 1 3 &JP ( \ 9 v
i ) k L 2 - JL~ I ((Free playing &I
'JLYI r, LLJ~W+I +IS;JI
L . L : + I ~ \ G L ~ ~ + I ~ -
bi dJ G G ~ ~ GLI- JAL~I - i I $Wl 5 . d - Lpj '4i
. + ~ i y + L s ~ ~ t ~ j J l
4 '&+j 0 ~ L ~ + J J
j l j ~ 9 4 ~ Y L A I ~ + A I I JS 3 4j
i oA9 ~AJI 41 -I i, - - - - j l & ! & o ~ L i g 'bCl.kx+
&All y I+@ &k ij+J ' o F L
Anna Freud ~~9 Li 2y3 .LLI . . - <
& &L!! p!ml j j ~ JL ( \ A ~ V )
Purgation +I ;4L+ 41 i,$Lg
i,;d dig . lgi. 41 Catharsis 9i && + i j Y b Y l Cathecting
P C
A 9 w + F k k 1 4 e % + g - C
;1;.I d! "gJA& $4, - .+I &I Q
- * L & 3 i p ~ l L L 5
A\ 1 1. ; A I\ dj
~ d 4 .*I9 EFi JS~ Z+L+L+YI
I L L U l j+l+ e W I r-6 - ,GG~ .((Play therapy +dlb eXJI,, - . .
4 ..." I II y J ~ ~ ~ tg;i? 4+11-~i
i,LA$Z J W I '-,lL .$#&I L;*
t& & &$+ ,!.!---,,a
. :,\ 4y&
+&p '+dlj .21+~)u &dl - >WI
h &31+l13 $W! A U Y J & I
r" A2LuI3&+I - &JLa l
j w l UJb3 L ~ & i I ~ 3 jFAI
jmiU 2% w ~ i p JU~U
ds,f~;JL3+i,F* L&)-Lo
@ i_Lflll p L g . j U l + - @
L L J s ; l l ~ ~+ i i l I Lus lLJ I J5
9 i .WI + L ~ J + L A I - dw9
d94&aS(S;r.rp+&4i~u
~ ~ ~ ~ i . + u \ & ~ i . ~ ~ i
3 pi 41 JK; + JAul+*
3% +j .+I p - 4 a L W I + 43&+ \- z 2 L l jgSJ '+&I
+ % 4 & + & ' L ~ . k , r ~ i 9
'Jl al+I & d 4 i i 'Jl &ys - C F * i,l+ .&>$I + U I (J.c +i
Y LgLLbL+ i ) g i i i - & i l l .. & U l
&LA 2- 6 9 Y ! L y u b i , + + &
J! J k J 4 dl W l y
i j L + a L 9 & l l . 5 d l F 3
ijK k J 9 -43-4 (. w * d l J+i +& &I 41
F
.(( Non-directive psychotherapy
Client- & d l Jsr $ 4 1 e L J ! ~ ,
~ 9 - .((centered psychotheray .. LJw~+2+ 9i+*
al+IJhYl (J-4 2-11 e b 5
i,l & $LdI ~ j 2 pLii&..l . k J L ' d l
+I* .&I*! i;l;j &hll +al i,&
i +j LL i,i c+ 9 c ~ e 9 i C
o~&JU\ i)l L ~ ~ ; ; u J 'sJJ&~! .. 43LIy ' + d l p EJ-kt& UWI
'&'i !+id! J+L 4jLb*i13
: V I P
- Millar, S.: Psychology of Play.
- Piaget J.: Play, Dreams and Imitation in
Childhood.
- Beach, F.A.: Current Concepts of Play in
Animals.
- Lehman. H.C. & Witty, P.A.: The
Psychology of Play Activities.
- Schlosberg, H.: The Concept of Play.
*:* *:* *:*
&% L i S & J3 L ~ K U l (y3
, Behavioral contagion 2+S+ 63-
J L ! ~ . L.I,I - F %is" eiL ?~LZJK
.+L+ 3i ~4 ;.lJ! ji + d+dg~.~l;'dklja~& 5 . L L&A3
d+I 3 6 Y x.\; '&-I
&ad! d+K &;dl &b & U I .. , , S C P
e " b l JLbi 62 LL.4 ,(G3Kll+,)
e" b d L%i3 bJ3 33- f-2
3i YI 4 ~ ; 9 g 695~~ ee;i +p .'ki G ~ p J & w& m p& _P"-)
i l S U l d L 3 .- v-&+ ej 'i. through observation LUL
, ~ i u ~ + I L ( ~ ~ ; ~ I ~ ~ + L ~ J I
F& +a +~*j i*,- ! JJ- L L S j
3 i G ~ ~ I ~ .+UI - 3 9 1 41 4' ("G && " r K U
~ + I ~ + L * ; , \ A + - LY!
JJL &uL, JL~ .&@+ W b &;&(\9-t - - \Aty) Tarde
Les lois de ;;LS(\-dll &I+))
( \ 9 - A ) Jk3& ?Uj3 6~l'imitation
p ' i iJ l pL + -&&A)) +1;5 '+L
Introduction to Social +\-?Yl -
+j .(( j L 2 - h ji ({Model cj3-ll))
281 NOBILIS ( \ ) 41 +lg 41 + - -+I -Lgw+I
DO as &i IA -&I,, 4.. ..
bi bjJ &-+I +I .I do
ji \+!! 41 - "LL~LL+ $4 W I & ~ . ~ U ~ -
31 '+ 3. p-GJ ;* JkJl
. L U - J + , ~ I . A ; ~ ~ ~ n h
i,& ((Social i. ;tcL+Yl ; iKU\ , )3 - b3+ 41 - &k+‘dl ~ ~ J W I (dLj b
2*ti .y- .1 && - &dl9 - .eL+Yl b& Y
, k i + &lj 4;i ZILJI
&+I 4iULrpl AsCLii3 'C+L7-dI
+ &+A ' & c k + Y l dl+% +L%I
;IF &+i + +j .+ +GYI
LBI jlL13 ZKUI 4 - +I
.'UIJ '+L w&LJl JLZ+ 5 4
&&J - ' 4 + y ~ a l & ~ ~ . . - P
iL > - +JP~ rLILI+yl S & i i A l - $3 Jk! YJ p j u p, bjJ '.w% +!,I LU;~ J++ sj p -
'wl- j l j9~&+ql
.dL, 4 - &+LZ b+J j L j Y I
4 J& u.;.> d+ Z K U 1 +j .. . Hysterical -L2 7 g f I ;;l(\,,II,,
+lrLl + & d l j c L + ..imitation
$L u3 'Symbolic i. &+J dlLl
-&k+--QJ~SL.&d 3 'Copying @I &i Y ; iKU13 - +Li 9 3 'Mimicking L L U I
Jlpi. '& h 9 i JP, &=Jl 5 -
eg"r i j l LUj & b+AiL.. '+\dl - - '+'dl dqWI & ?% J;J1 - ul$I
'LG J+I k b i bjJ bjw
bi J! &L &+ G*% L U j j
=K;n i L l U I x 4 4 J++ 9 I d ;K kJ3 '((Creative imitation
- +I Jc LI,, ',ill ~*~~ .I -u+I
:F'P - - Millar & Dollard: Social Learning and '&A ~k?jL +lF51 L+ii + &
- .-;;19%Wl&+ Imitation. +Y ijE+
- A. Bandura: Social Learning and
Personality.
- Ervin, S.M.: Imitation and Structural
Change in Children's Language.
- Flanders, J.P.: A Review of Research
on Imitative Behaviour.
Sleep 8 9 1 + .. . .. PsychoIogy & d l G I d I All -3 Spll
&L A2 I U L 4 3 . Echopraxia -
. ? 4 I J k ( ( & 3 + 3 ~ 3 ~ ) ) 2&
+I3 ,?gctl i*-.1 6 ')&I! (jK
1 h W apd13 pith3 ,irpdl+++
Lij . J ~ ~ + #L ~ j j ~ d2j
<<Snow White and 2-21 & ((+13+,) - &+id! i k ~ L + the Seven Dwarfs.
+ & d l a ~ i L&, ( ? \ A \ T ) Grimm
-.id1 uJ+ p!j db p-J' JLk
& ((jju L A &+In - Uj
L.%) L 3 + ' 5 3 L 3 a ! I 3 ?+I
,+sdJ&13.(i/\ \ -3J+s - 4 3 J 4 . L *L4 + 4 3 & 9 9 3 ? ! I
5 ( j i - i f Y ) Empedocles
l$l,& iJ\>\ ?dl A>\ QLLYL( . .
i 7 +) Hippocrates &l+i +Ij
bI.dl + L L I , ~ l > Y l l b (?. j
T T - A ) ~r is tot le +,i 6, I uJi hi (?.j
J L ~ l ? ~ 2 J ~ I
Alexander of Aphrodisias e~j+idl - @ GJ~P - p-?-I1 h! ( 'i ' ' ) - rvJ1 LJ! + Jbj l?_p.1I
J+++~+~AJI>+
& .. Jii % I d \ c l j~Yl hb ,2L&II
,Sleep U l L+YI - . . . +i l~3J3*d l .. bj ,Slaf3 Sleps ;p jLp .. . $ d 4 4 l S l a a p j l ~ ~ i d l Schlaf
. & U l +I :p i, & & d l j
I i - Schlafen Jgk; C
jl &,,dl c A I Schlapp \&43
9 ?& d l p 4 3 &&M'
&+*dl Slumber ;iolS LflfjSg !&)tll
2 - b+j . J+I jii 'L+i ~grb bj .Doze Lij . Y ~ ~
,;+I l+-S;;j ,+dl 4 ,Dizz
Sommei13 ,'i&)UI Somnus Lflf j JL~
Sang b+3d1 Senj ,i+i+JI
sons 3: ~9 b 3 J++' a L ' L a * LgL. pj Y3 '&AqJI -
@d & <((?9dl)) -&+I kelUI Y!
~ g 9 . b ~ ~ i ~ - 941 ?l; : J 1-3 ,$L&13 &j
.u"t;i +? 101 +i I - I yJI 411 Somnus ?]I3 P ~ + J ~ es L e
w+LL - a 1 1 +A pj , NOX
&+i - ?& d! ~rgeL1 JLki) &Thanatos
,MI J q i ;P i)&Y lj ,Somnus longus
~ y p c u _ J ~ S J 3 L ; i o3
LAI -3 b- 3i vJi u P
?+ill &iLY ~ W 1 3 J ~ Y I ..
Z J h I rjLL+13 'REM sleep
.NREM sleep &+I + +I LLp
L+ w ~ ! l OJL ?+I p j j
j 4 l 3 +e 4 3i ,QLL
&d3 '+JUl y3 'JU k j
vrJ; ~ $ 1 +i... - .&WIj JLuSU
I ~ d W l ~ l p 3 , L L ~ ~ 1
Jj& &AA &u d3 '3,Jfl & &&+ .. e ,,uL; eL,;-b; ;\I ,A;J .. -
?us eJ & ~ & @ L k & j g i ,
&i U I Jl &\+I J& k ~ \ 1 4 ; - ? + I & L l j g . Z h I $ l &+I
~ & ~ l ~ ~ + d 1 3 & ~ l
LC &c oLC S d l +j;s ,*$I
+jjs '&+I ?$I fil* > $Ul .. , ; J Y ~ I d2 JUAI L +I - Z Y O $&L ?$I I d ;L4k3
C
I 'hl ?UI> ?+I SsJI +jjl 4; 3 C" a'+ d l JG L A 3 .JAu dlill
?+ J~~ ; \I ~i ?&I
?+I3 .i)?J&U+Jb N a p U M l
' b - i J A L + Y I ~ ~ I
-& - J C ~ ~ ~ I ~ . ~ W ~ ~ ~ L +
9 .. &hj - 5 +i j I + Y I -
~ + ~ + ~ L ~ - Q J = - J ' ~ ~ - Q ) L ~ .&&dl
Lb3-+Ywi b 3 2 ~ Y W ~ C P . ! ~
iL + Lip &I Jcj .@j I b 3
J L ~ klsg Lh~g~ ?+I . ~ i ?sJI + lib .+I cA3 JL +I
b $k3 '+I cA3 p A 3 ew'? 3
us? YJ -+I +jJ J$' y
ds;k.j&jl &+L. & L J l 5
+i&41 ?+I +I bi+ .+I
.&&I + +I +i + L.,
d F & ~_I$--kJ1 ?dl $3
&a3 'clGI*i ?%LI &+I3 'Ju~LI Day- ~ W I ,i .ac?;91;, L*
9 d l ak&l + residues
-L~UI -I a ~ ~ b i 3i .+WI
aL c;jj 'Le ;JL14 L--; i - - J J3J - e l &h ip Dream-state p W I
+ i , ~ f l a ~ p s ~ kS ' L A &
+GI ;i - . 1 4 I n * J I 6 - 9 1 < 6 2,JI ,Ll-
+= SSlcfI c l k L k ; l . C i.irij3 ')&a&!
. * d l &U\ ; ; J L I
.&~e;i ?+I pvw13 .. .'b9
@ W l ~ 4 G P b J , ' d d ~
-1 ~ 3 1 b y & &+!I3 "WJI-CUI
1 LI 2 +i cu~ - b++-....
a k ~ &!! '+Allj ' L J
w & i l l > J+hiiya Jbj
"bs? akL + ?LA - & - l i L l - < bK3
2 I j L, .ahL ?+ ;L -is
&IF 2-3 iTG &-) 3 31 d J j '3
-- G I 2 + & a _ p Q t 1 + 9 ' ~ ~ - .+I a~~~ ++i 3i ~i
5
-6s L l ?+I
-91 ‘+UI - + -LA& '3 ~ A I J , ' ~ l ~ ~ ~ ' ~ l j ~
i+sjL jL;rl&! +iz LF C ~ L l
' , i 3 3 ' ~ ~ 1 ~ + u L $ j ; ; Y L .. - ;r LLjkSj j95; ;,L_z~I p L 4
~ s i s3 .G& + --I+ (.EL~I
& I &>+&
'& - I+e3 'ZP 'L2,La
I+ t+3 +I il;;J13 +dl3 + U I J
O % ! + J I D J - c w 1 3 +JJ( + YJ . JU~I p ~ & Nightmares
(qA%i p i J j .i lLl+b i j *? ,
&& -1 J3d l +I* - & p (jFJi -3 ' h a d l
(ju, .+I ;J+ . - GLdl
?+I ?j+i k15 +Ui - p,lln ..
- ~i Y: ,+I 4: - c p 3: "&LbYI+ ' ~ l d & \*LILA
G y j &jE (jm
(jh~;, 14;~ UWI +WI d3 - .wd hU3 ' ( b j i l l +Y--',Y owJl
? lJ;;.l J! ( j i ~ cl+!13
LBW 3i ~ g + +LL$IO;W
'Jb ' p i u &d3 .aU& pJ&
$3 '@I jpjj ' + J K ~ U J I ~ 'j&I 5
Yl Sleeping pills ; t o 4 1 Lpl>Yl d+i
-1 k ' \ A 7 0 kLu+ +I&\
L K bi Y! 'Barbiturates ~ l j j L j I + l I P
I;Ll$l &GJ+ A d 3 ' i j L J Y l ~
&~LJ~J-&I& b w b .+I
-13 ' ? 4 W l 3 ~ % ~ 4 j ' t+ + j 4 J k jiij 'LC* L p l ~ j ; _ l
- u p d l ; i~bj (jw2 ( ~ L J Y I JI
.Jsd~uI! ( j ~ 7 L+\ @I+$\ L 7 ,,,T3
'Sleep-cycle ;J,J &C ;\z,
b h -, djf3 '?+I (,u~;;I 3l .&I+JI $$t3 ' ~ ~ l x ] ~ $i 4 WL -
W k;L; +lri
bbi 1 . . . A ; II bbi
+i +i3 ' L 9 ~ J I -_pf9+AIl
& Q&IJL&Yl o h (P &I+ &dl
d j & 3 L % \ Y r L ; t l & 3 , % V Jb$I
,UI & 31 Q 6 ~ + ~ 9i3 ,&I ,a- pa +jjj I J ~ $ I &
& .. J+dI +- & Lg*a & U I - '&I1 p .. 4 b Y I i p s $3 '&l
,LA! -3 .$&dl &\h,;YI pg - wi + 2 S ~ Y I (P 34+ -
~JL g - wi i,3+.+~ eeji + "u -z I,,,t\pkUrp .. . -
L ? + ~ Q ~ ~ + ~ +&I t-3
LL~ . . hi ej ,icz. sj9b + j m ' i ~ + + ~ h i 3 1 ~ (P 4- i,+ 4j3 ' j14 l bk
-I+ 4;i 9j ,@I UI QLl- (P & - - 4 :,-'-A JJj L & , L $ L A 3 '&'A&
?u3 &, Macbeth G L - F
&Yl+ i L U cj+ LH -. .. I + I ~ ~ ? I ++",A -- d3 L 'wnf\
d L Y L 5 . $y3 '"&L rq-.k; $L;; s . P
&3&4pJl p i J l & 4 w L Y 1 3
'+ qJ?#I Wl M 3 '$$I
9 3 '$1 chfrllb3 4 - '&dl & l ~ l 3
.&&I L!OL & ZjA - +., 'XLY jlfii w~+$t~ 04
' j W l .. ?+I ~ ~ L l r l .. & U l
-3 '. ;y( l~~13 -1 I+J J-..
S;%I L A & -3 '&+I
d+ll J;C Rebound insomnia ~ $ 1
J,&3'&l_tLfI&;iL&;j>+ - dir3 '+GYI +lFi
J;Cj '41 jg J;C UO1>$tl d)CBirl
&LJ '&I chraiiO&&L;r? - r U l
dj egl- d3 'icy+ & ijLo~) ' l
'21:<Jl ~ U I 3 'ZAIdI ~ l d
& dj S3 LJ13JJ13 ' U 1 3
&+I +lFi+ r~~
. & - I +lFi (P 41 jg -3 5 ',
bi ji4:-; J-L~I (P b~ & G~
bi ji - JUI .. +I wp +% P
( P A @ ( t p ~ 1 & 4 1 3 c ; j i p *
+I w~+i bi3 L~~ + $1 ALL3 & .Iw ijwl Z + J A
G~~YLL i , ~ --I
U+I i p z &+J ;+I+ ++'+I . wi -I $i; s3 ''UL .L :, ,44 - -3 L+J g p 3 3 i tml J 3 b
-I bj13iJl G w $41
-9 a Y L d L 3 i.ri3
v u l &-&- - *J
' JU~ $h 3 Excessive drowsiness
;;I i+L+ -++& I j lUg
? d l p i b 1 p Y 1 & L a 9 .u+ &
.Wl3 (rpll ?Uai J U I J! ey+~
p "Sleeping sickness ?+JI $p))3
.CLA 9 ++.+ a* a+& - +3 b& ((Sleep paralysis ?+Jl &),3
a ? , ~ + s c S J 9 L ; c l ~ p L L i l l
sleep - LSJLf~ - ?+I))~ . L ~
iJE i,& (&I +) ((drunkness
?S;j .',.U9(Yl L +Wl $4 L J U l $1 + Yen sleep J&U1
?S;j dl & + - U S Yen3
He sleep like a :by% LeS J'UI
:&sf% u 3 L ~ ~ ; * ] 5 C L L + Llog
&C C+U C+ I Dead to the world
..& +J+ Y (QILJ'
P s
'-Jk r4 +%+I dJ-i i j l ,bL'dl 1 ,..,;,,,a j * cp-4 - 3 U L ~ o J - i s - w c , L r
am + J++J +& Sj ' d l
I . ~ i ,w13 3: Je I& A3 .?+!I +lS Somniloquy
e! &+J cj2-lr11 @ I cb .. -
L p + ~ 3 L - ~ J M ~ &ukll +SYS
ph i;i-r;?;is~esisrs~~k 5
~&-i,l'&Q-J&3~++
isJL.h I 3 + + a w e l ! + %
‘d ipd l o , i ~ ~ b Y ~ ~ ~ \ ~ ! ~ ~ - L
pl;-? k J 4 3 '& ++ +I ' I I +3 .?UI + g
L-L~ +UI i ~ j j b i h9
L iui 3~ Y dj4 ,lkki~u - - .+L G L ; j i j K
?+I :'&i ?+I & L I > ~ I +3
'Narcolepsy U ~ J O I -&I
Hypersomnia ?$I 3
JLp',.ULdl - $ L ~ s ~ . f ' ?+I
bJ + 4 l 'd
&+I ?lig Paroxysmal sleep
' @ J & +I & - - , , d 3 ;]+4 i+J - $L .. L*;9 ~ d _ I b l k l j ~ ~ b ~ j ~ ~
P 9
&~LLII &Snoring 3
,?+I aLIJLl + Sleep apnea
; 3 2 ~ ! &+QI &4 % ' ;! JL.. P '-
+j ~ ; ~ ~ e l v l &4 I N
I x.; .;?<!I gG &+ ijj *I d* J5 d\ .. '(a+! ibj) &J A *
‘ ,Ab&!&d~ .. - J ~ I d F & ~
ab &J zL & & (JA &ij L L J ~ ! ~
a i a $ i L ; L ;3+& l+JLyY \
i I ~ L J S ~ ~ ~ . W I ~ ~ I .; p a
2&.;A I Ad2J.J 9&&,+9~e .. ,dj .Ei &Ql U13;LdI j Y j j l j
. .. &&dl LMU +&jjg L@l + +I3
~i~ .(jjsfl ~ ~ 4 j ji &+I -I3 9 9 -*uL & - ((& ;-Jl -
&d l3 LJd b-L&cfl 991 0;s jL; Y
; i l , J f l & i j l P ; i ~ 4 ~ - . . - d*
@ +L& xLc3 &&I$ ;Ll ;As!$\ 5 . L &;..fl....F
J - "'! "AJ-
crL + Luj ++LL.,.. - ? dl LLL ;2&jj Lee!& i,dgbl
(.Ub;;l C J L j ' & z J J l d ~ g .&I
&-Ij i(((jl+l)) LL y+L
291 NOBILIS ( 1 ) +lgi)Ydj(+ - &‘&dl kp+I
b i ~ ~ ~ ~ ? + a ~ + T , ; r + W
a&-
& & bi & ?$!+ b L d 1 9
s3 L i F ~ ~ t i ~ 4 ~ 4 1 1 ijS+
~ L & ~ ~ ~ L p l ~ d L ] ~ s l - '
I I jL9 &I&JI
++i J!~&~+G~LI I dl19
',lC J-AU ++ ,a+! + hL+I
,&\-YI u * r 9i +JI
%i.j &I++ d l - 5 ; 4 i lq;K d l 3
,Tormenturn vigilae L&& -
,Tortura insomniae gJbb +j-;rl
,L+l ?+I (p ijL+! l p n ~ 1 3
'&JlyA- u L M I kJ+
Gilgamesh 1 5 J 9 ~ ~ b ~ - &gl 941~F41*u)
&+I9 .(kip lLa;)K& 'AU
~d4 44: 39* u L;fI
;IL+I ~ i j +jk + g& ?9+I J + a.&.g;LJ & L l & g a L +
&&& 0&+,..! ,&jk~~\ w9 5
Lk+ ++ dl ~ h l 5 +dl3 . .
3 yb9 Lrki L Z ~ ,?ki L+ LJ
&3 kI.3 ' 4 1 JI @ K L
4 3 - - - L I L Lglb 'twl ‘,3 - C* 2-3 ?u PJ b=& @ K I
v3 91 ALUI tk\ bi +w3 &+I
@J.I.uf'3 4 1 - 5 9 &+I3
&U13 .--I &o_L+Jl;Lfl
L U I M Lgr* Lji ' & L l d l
,.--$+I, . -. 3i ‘((-1
a+LuGll & L Y l - C a&dl J+dJ + * LG3 . U l -. p kLz$+Ij .. . -. - J5 '(JAJJL & & Y I 5 . . &I $La\
' $ 4 ~ t>'&j ~ 3 ) t . j ~ $+
*& L L & ~ 1 3 ~ J 9 1 $J\bp
~LLdjallll &3-2 L d-h
>I ~ L ' d l ) ) - C 3i ((Circadian rhythms 5
j l , ; A ! '((Free-running rhythm
+ 3i +A I + J 3 j d I v-;~~ I
;?94 u 3 ?L;1 J W ~ 3 &!4 d S A3 <?+.II JI + LL . & - ji L J ~ ~ c;49 3i &!I 43 g -
? Li+ ( ( L I A I - ibWl tbl), - 5
&i - g .. +*I 41 ULUI w--a~
&Lull j\LCLg d S bh3 '*
- @I aGL;yl), - C L&3 PL;? a-441
.'UL &!I 9 Wjj 'ALL y J! +>j &ibL;;JI ,p 3;;1 @I "33
a + isu . - ?g J I & Y I ~ b + ~ ~
+i bb Cm~ b~ b~ b + 3 ~ ~
+ ; ;~~I+~~?+. I I++ ++ bi L3 bi3 ' & + j Y G +
'Lb &C 3 w I 3 &!I $k - Jjc & ;& $1 +JW\
&I3 .. 'Ju~3u& &i - Lh by9=kell bCS & + d l J\ i j L I
''&% a G L y L + I g &A'&
' ;41~tl1 pig.% - ? . m s3
PLY?' p%*l+ * p43 d&j 'Jw13 &!b '+$L & I d !
~f--+? ?X)) : b b LiL)d b !
+ & d l 9 3 - ((Objective day - +IS ?x,)3 LL h2~3eJ i J! j L Y l +3 ((Subjective d.
&.dl - +I3 ~ ~ ~ ~ & l * l l - L
e 3 3 ' ~ ~ 4 ~ & 42 ~ U & L ! & $ I - Jl?+.Il-+jb
+J>;U~~ - . 'WY\~-Y
z(,U\ -1 j l +$L . U I d I - &L
-b9+1 abLLL f \ -3 'hjul
i&b Suggestibility lg-Yl
I J ~ -1 ;1& L Suggestion F L W - C
& 4 d J J k ~ & ~ 3 ! 4 ~ k k
WD' &3 .&= Y3 ,:-&,
&j ."d l I k;l*YL ;1&+
'kL+l &*LQJl F l p ~ ; w I
y ~3""' ~ 2 4 - 4 ' J+l3
$$13 ' d g d \ +L d+l- F L Y I - C
$51 + +i J+LI SI-YI
'-""" ct;3>13 .CW $I-YI
&2~J-Lkl( ~ @ & ~ 1 3 ~ \
++I G3 . F L Y 1 - C LjL
* k J I i,* 'kr..,l p J J 1 LuL'x
- The Use and Misuse of Sleeping
Pills: Mendelson, W.B.
- Sleep Disorders: Gattfield: Snoring
and Sleep Apnea.
Y ~ & & I I ~ I ~ J w I c ~ ~ @ I - .Primary s. bJ ;\-I + ' t L I
&!&I + L Y I - C JI A3
-a .lei3 4~ d3+ + *I - ,J I g L 5 '* lclj - +Lo?! '& &J ' k Y 4 $3
Hypnotic #I + L Y I - p,! J ~ Y I - ~ . . ~ A ~ u , u J + ~ $ ~ & Z ' & ~ + . J J ~ S .
+ ur.4;Lr~die]!+u+~31r+\ C yl C
~ . . ~ A & J ~ & I $ & ; J I L ~ ~ J ~ ~ , ~ ) !
+ L Y k - + J I &dp dS3 .dj
+ (Y - 1 )) ,((Suggestion therapy
$Ldl @ ,.Therapeutic s. - ~59 j\" ++l i LJ-
,+A 3sS" s3 ' 0 L $4 LjLidI
0 L (JA $LdlcS& .. GLI - abkl . ;t,.,,;tl a 4 1 + 3 Y l *j ' a b k Y I
L 9 - 9 - , t ;L I ;kcu- - sl + L d n - d& ~ Y L L J I 0-&3 i L Y l - - 14 rgk? dl '((Affective s. j l - bjjs. +&LC3 Ljlu3 +A\ -+L
I L (ji L)l;g .+& & -&L P e--b +L+i ,, +LY - C + t+l
C
, (( Autosuggestion $1 dl + l-Y I ,, -
.oSG -L;? L jKh;dl + J-~
c&f +I - T.";ll 3~ u3 7 * yl
d ; 3 L 'A2 L,3 + L W - C
.a J& La$LU+Jlj3 '+&)U
LS- J L ~ ~ J L L ~ I di ~x~ ;~ngl;r. ~~4i +FWI (ji LA l j w ! 41%
C
F L Y ! - 5 $I? &J . J b d I (JA F L S U - C
L-a d jg , Suggestionist $91 ;i;L
> w L U I ' & ~ I + L Y I W -
+ L Y I - &i3 .Prestige suggestion
& r% di &i L social S. &&I . - - +lz3 1 p k J l +l&13 l + G W
J p l l ;Ju u s 3 l~J'++LII (Q*
, & b ! v C s f l - j L L - ZqIjsflJ+
&i dls .&I - ~JY..LI L&+, .Suggestible + I+%
,Negative s. b A l l - & +J9&~bl\ 3
t3& ,Positive s. ,LYl . - = L3 - j-? &I cLJ UI-Yl 4JF
&+ A d 1 3 , & L I . . - = _ &\+I +3
j ~ d ~ ~ , d J ~ L A A ~ L ~ P
JL ~3 041-I3 ,&I j l+Y\
.Counter-s. j s . U l +I+Yl -&
+*+di~\ - + I ~ ~ ; . ~ Y I bb+L+i3
:eb - K.G. Stukat: Suggestibility.
- Schultz, J.H.: Die Seelische
Krankenbehandlung.
- Schmidbauer, W.: Schamanismus
und Psychotherapie.
6
& J I ~ C I L c , .~ G3 6 +Ld~ll (jl
..Lab Quki! u p2 4 i L . .
941~1 - sh (j& ~ I X I - F L Y 1 3 - 6
((Alter- 6 4 1 - - C + JL 6 1 GL [ :ch +is '4 J JJ (j& +a S.>>
i , ~ F L J ~ ~ (ji 3i - - C
6 4 1 (j3& (&,:LYI - IJpk &i . L j ~ j ;I-\ - C &LYYI - . . - C
yl
& - L L I L ; ; p $ & d;L 0~ cu'&&fI
;A Y Cr&al F L Y 1 - C $3 .& &a ?& Le;b "5g~* s L Y l - C
'~kk] ;LIN - C 4;- I i l g L 4 ~ 3 ~ -&LC & & c z / ' ~ f 1 9 .((Verbal s.
b++kLLdl - Js +a F L Y ! - .z '(ddeoplasty ~ b h l 3-. y!
Jbi +s, A +l+$L U j b . 4
g - d;i bi L L ~ L *3 . L + ~
LLuL Brain-washing &I &-,=
'((Thought s. ~k3;db . L l , - C -&LL
+A O J ~ i jG MI
;lu L Ja i ~ i ; ~ ' t J Lj4WI
GI-1 (jG3 '*&A OJ*
+ J S * & L Q J F & ~ ' + ; ~ ~ U ; ~
'-2 2- pG &G (JL 'WL
&& + d l - I*td.:; b p U 4 ; l r ; ; I , G 3 ' b & + ' h J I
- L
( ~ 1 Jjk3 c- Lo*; + + & .;-I i;- c, d S &.i 'wL .++ - t & ~ ~ &i - -&+I \b3
$ > d l W I ;J & t g 9 3
&$I Jl&l & Ji+ - 9 d*I 1b p &+I3 .+&dl - - .&I +it;! - ~ ~ 4 r ; l 6 ~ G Y I
I P ;,+I ,, L,&'L'LcJ*r 4%
wL &C 'Open instinct &>id\
Y &I\ Closed instinct -4kl;afl ;>&I - . ~ $ 3 ~ 3 & ~ ~ ! ~
Y! . t $ ~ ~ JILL\ &-J WI t1pi3
A L*; &YI t+y ;;1 s- s3 4;i LJL+ &i - ( \ A V T ) + J ~ Y d+ t w Y l ;r
. Spolding & j&Yl 6 Wl - J I ; ~ ( \ VV) ?YI o ~ i 3
bi 41 ib+ $j3 ' Lorenz jiJ$
- &I SWI + +%-+ dt .X2>A&tl .L&tl, L4+k
h-43 -b& d3 L-W US*^
- Thorpe, X.H. & Zangwill. O.L.: Current
Problems in animal Behaviour.
- Thorpe & Zangwill: Learning and
Instinct in Animals.
- Fabricius, E.: Crucial Periods in the
Development of the Following Response
in Ducklings.
- Gray, P.H.: Theory and Evidence of
lmprinting in Human Infants.
:el,
- Sluckin, W.: lmprinting and Early
Learning.
L Sentiment - Smith, F.V.: Attachment of the Young,
+ J _ L C ~ - ~ G + ~ : , , ; I C A Imprinting and other Developments.
, 'XL i, . - JAJL L.+- 5 P 5
i$l-Jl p.G3 6041 L8LL( dpL $ QI
e " 4 J i ) ~ t , , - d 1 3 ; + Y l & ~ f
.&$I +o b& $ ~ & d b ~ L j d l
*j ..L, -q;L'd1, J! @I +x3 $411 i;c b; ckblgtll
&I , & d l - r-.IL .4S+
~j,*~bi-,sl .. J&uL.J.J . ~ ~ J j u l i l L d3%
+-J+p.~byJS9~+& +I9 .Master sentiment ;JL U L
w - 2 &+Yl LC B ~ W I i k b l p r l L
.&-dl &I+ 9 @+wl
Yi4 J.;c ;J;UI &lgtll+j
, Self-sentiment a l d l +o U I - 2
+JJJ '4 + A 4ilLJ '+dl3
+ + +J , u ~ ~ b- bi
+ + u ~ j + ~ & ~ i - s , ~ ~
ek;l &I & - - 239 L & $ ~ T\,&J\3
+I u ~ & ~ +j .;id1 p
bU IS! L &MI - 4 j I * tg l I - I ' L . + & rL ,t,J\ $ 3 2 L1 -
; r ~ ji ,bJ+ pr &l;ludl ;tl9&\I
pj&j ee;lJLjYWI & iJ+
,i L G ~ jF G+LL~~I AY LYI
!,i&!~"Fj~3~~tpbp
JLL +3 .o; bjJ t*+~ 3i -41 b,! LYLGYI eiYj bi bl :&I+\ ;, M9 .aL+pJL
cl r l JL j ;i * . I ; C3 &LL'2 ijIJl&l
.I.wI~I&+~L~wLZ!
A L + ~ jF -I+I - ji JGYI
.+I &IF3 m l -. al$&J'~ zi&
.Emotion U W I b! J& L&ij ~ ~ L + ~ J L ~ ~ 3
h+ Emotion ~i . Sentiment
p AYLYI +i) . JLZI a&, - . ( Jb ! Jkdl -
C 5
j 1 TYI 4 r L ~ 9 ~ ~ L & b l g t 1 1 9 5 C
& .((&JL), .. ji +YI j~ i.19!hl +I +I$ ,i jur~ ,i .hj GJp'&i ckblgtllj . ( I ~ + ) , -
,+~p U L ~ ;bwi
UL p .UI -i bi 4, $ 2 ,I ~ g k ; l ' 3 -+-Q+ &JL ~ ~ 6 1 1 is; ~ 1 g r 1 1
z+ill J~19gmiJ1 yj L 4 J p 3
cj$G Sentimental mat~~rity &L! I -
Emote &dl +I Emotion J k Y l
GK ,: +j ,d& Moverej
UJ21! L-JI . . $ J L Y I - ( ( ; 4 b ! ) ) ji ~d+, &p3 cJLellj
P b l e j U S JL3 -+ alj
ji ij~il~ G , ~ I -WI Affect - - L - a L L Y l LiiW j l & i u Y l -
(( j l ~ 2 9 u j (( JL l , , +&!I ?U - C - .. P
bi! JLYI ,>A+ i+s P -3 'Affective +I +j Z J + L i
, Eniotional ; t f L I Z+ && bl +.dl 6 .
~ ~ ~ u L + ~ ~ ~ - ~ 3 -
C;K bb ,LLaI+l > - Jl> L+
&LexflJl GJ-rO r~jL\-&!
~ L h k l 1 3 ~ L L 9 ~ ~ 1 3 -La3
c 4 h ; t l p L k G ~ p ~ ~ L Y I -
d L ~ I L l ' + L d l j .&Id+Jl - LbL+ pj LallJI - i i W I
I , Self-respect sentiment dl i J I
ali l l &bL++j .,\-\I
6 aIJliiCI . C Self-regarding sentiment
+I &L 35 L b j j L l j Y J ~ I Jc
>LJJ&#.J L L t y h ; + FLL;lllYl
. L ~ ; ~ G + ~ + L L L ~ ] - I ~ ! L A
UL bi jkj& &i, &j . C .. pj - Ld+ -LU6rl - &dl p - aldl
&c L A , &dlj - .dL;jll &9l AL;JI
*L3 L &bL,;! 5% ,-&'A; .fJI Z+
. ~ L s - bjlgjg ,Lg]&i
~ ' 9
- McDougal: Outline of Psychology.
- McDougal: Social Psychology.
.5>Jl &A + d l ,jgG 'J! A* W,
& l s t p l l s ; l gz l l J k 9 L y 9
Primary & !~ 'd l ~Yj'dL_k;Yl)] j212Ll
;g, '% +,dl a j , g ' ((emotions
"+++I skill JS;I 'KZ. '.#*A; t l - i L 3 L j c , z - ; l 1 3 J I " ~ ~ 9 . -
-qJLrkjYl J4-"JI p+ii Gj .+&j
&Sentiment LhG c-,3 fey Jp ' i gi ji ;lq?si ;IYL~ cp+ sj
Secondary d&i2 - J\ I
5
(J-Zee4 '&L+ul 5* GI
jj+~ -L+ ~-;li~&
+u, ji -% j ~ ~ i ~ j ~ ~ j J j ~ ~ -s;; ~~~i 15: wj 'q+
Y\LL W ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ A I ji .sir1 o ~ + & krhui GA
I -i +i 3. K;l~Uy~. ? y ~ ! 0 ;l4j ((Feeling j9-JI ,, p3 J U Y I
dlJ2! ~JY JLYI .. ji &I 5
ji L ~ L ) y ~ y ~ 'L+i pj '- -
-$p+dj=l&A - FLOW1 &A3 .JA&
I W I i jy J U Y I
s;Wl& A& *i+J .@jJ jJ I - C
(+!--+ &I JI c C j l + d l - 5 C
J , ~ , 61 - o,,- ;ll j l c h ; Y l - i I ;j - J L Y I
31 dl& &+ '-)+I &&
o j h & J L Y ! 5jA
&Ladl t++I ;r JSl;ljyYl 3. P
ij+&WI J!i+gafl pd+ Gj id+
J! 5 9 +b ;lb 4;b JLAYI ~ n i ~
" yJ\ a p p ~ ~ & 4 ; b L j y ..
aL+* 'jd, &I*j G
C
J\j& +Lq .;LL=I+ &-I
W' c l p " i n . 1 - . - r Is .~'dLLb;w Blended -+ JU! 31 'emotion
;ta &!&I U L J I ;r= Temperament
9~~~ ,I ~ U I 3 rC i4eJ Czy
i'd J p U L L J I QWI 9 3 '+ ~ 0 1 ~ i)jJ 0 - 3 9 4 ? ++<&
jW1 - W 3 3 .;W t f ~ 3
C I ' " 3 ' C U I J d l UL3 L ; ; J L ) U
p U3A1 I alJ+ 3 . p-z-1 I
@= Temper E l d l a- .4j&qi
Lg&&J,-Al - + y d I +Wb
J L Y I - d+I j& L L j .cl&l
S J ~ ! d* J*
~ g r ' ~ ~ .Emotional habit WL_k;'dl
i,+ d3 '+I& '+Lid ~ I J L I u
& J ~ ~ . + ~ ~ - Z . ~ L ; ; ! ~ I J G
- d L ~ u 1 wLtk;'d\ sJIAJI & r-+ g .$i GI i U WI 'db Sentiment - 43t+ww~Ju~Gi* iL i ~ y l U W l S Aj .;+I+ J L I $ A by$\ UL . a ' d L I
+I ,j&l &ii s4g . ' ~ ~ U L J I
$1 4 ~ 4 4 1 C& J w ~ ISI C L b i - - i .LL ~L;;~~~i+g.b~tlj, 3 C"
Emotionality LLJI - L l L ' d l 3 .dj.> -
' J L I ;ta 91 + ~9 p3 'emotion
+ k Y I b-4 ,y+ + - +4K
a Y L ' d l diJG ty dbj
.Derived emotion &I jLth;'dl p
+_;; 'd ;C;IJAj a L L ! + ++J bu Lds 4 1 g 9 '$lrJI+ .. i .+I ,i ,AI J- d$p~J d b 3 c, -
J L Y I ik -3 .&I 4 &;dl
aJ+ . Passion JLU;;'~~ ;J* 4;u -191 UUI ~i~ .'w +I + -1 -~+JLA! UL MOO^ - bg, Lk i3 .i,i j+i3
JLYI j i b Y L- &i - .+I
b4sj i;1+i3 .w-~~ 3i S ~ f ~ p .. bdj J u ' d ! S_)g, +-&p - -
w w
r ; L ;;j LAG3 'Jlj)11 J! L,+& UL +,~l;n A I L - i 'c +I 'J&L&i& ~ 1 ) a . I i,&
0 h G- A3 . G J L !
fi&!2L'd! bL, -- 1 j,ef 1
.@I-&L l&$3+-itl
4 s ;r + i L3 ' J d l a L 1 + 4 I 3
ZJLI $-J\ $\+ & l J k u \ &4
-wl JI 5 LL - 9 a L I J J J I
d! 2 3 4 1 plcbi+ ' - 9 4 1
J n U a Y U Y l
'ijj o h + JJ
'&W&9 ' i l . - ~ d . . I l aLgU
a,:,tl 1 9 .&L+Yl &l+I3
&xi+ GL+Y1 d l 4 U L Y I
d l J&G i,& LJ+ 'cjbWI
~ ; ‘ B W ~ ~ + I L ! & + + ~ > -
i j t i ~ ~ F LL - g - >i ;+i a i ~ 9 - 9
2:-i 41 4 i 3 \ ~ 2 i J l g .+~G-llg - - ' a Y L w ;)&dl *&Yl d lyd l
&I &b3 ' L g j L j '&+a 03 L3
w&jd!(J&@&43'&
. . - - .-; 11 U'L j ~ & u~l .d;~l
3+14 d* J3j .L+ dFLA
~ J J &- - ( \ 9 O A - \ AVA) Watson -
J - 4,511 JLL~II -L;C a~~~~
'dgrn :& ' Z X &u~511 U Y L Y \
a j&~ Lij *I?, '&\3 '+I3
uzi;, ( \ T O * - \ 0 9 7 ) Descartes
+z~ .LA+ jui >! J L Y I >j >! iym\ a L \ j A ! !
J L Y I J l L L u Y l gi 'LLJI y L Y l -
a~~~ LAL! ji -LI~L! jd~
$--i ?LkL] &I .. jjl LoS . W G l
'L+i .. L..,~~ ,;is196 i,+ ~ J L ;I d* ,;is194 lJ+
Emotional state ; L L J L L
&jJb (y '&x &I i j W I +Jb .. Y I P
+ jji + 9+ bi dij ,;J&I
ijL=*y &.ia , Sources of emotions
b I i & Motives 9~ -@&l'I -
JL !+ I& I+ LpL+ &ill -
& s j Y L \ j6b 'Emotional disorder .. JLLYI Od 3l L +,l;i.
W L Y I &\+I ~3 'Emotional age
(jfi s3 ' i j Y L Y l o h +&i &lI .. .. bjG L W L Y I . djL\-~,l . &i ;A 5 d l 3 .$i 3i -141 OL 'Emotional apathy J L l 5 & . . LL
9 j b ~ ' r ~ 9 A . r ~ j i f b - z ~ ~ L g
ASJI " ~ i ~ a + d ~ i: < A - . : I
i j Y L I & lp4f l+~1; A ' j d l - - ~ L I ;L;el\ . wk.,r~ & \ + , a n g ; = . -
s &is .q;i Y kk3 JLL! - 23e
iib3 3i ; k l ~ ~ b ; ~ l -19 3- L&LoJij,cp~1I~-qL;;I
Emotional 4 L Y I Jpal .. ijlJgY @ b& j h t l ~3 .stupor
+;at\ J, p+'L~ 33+ + p P - A 'LlJj J*Lg '3+>2 ijgivi
Emotional UL l i 2 L c-l i ; ~
W k I a L @ VIUl + + 1 3 .habit
eg;9 $+I llLuj Emotional traits
~ l j .&A d9+ ',3 ay~ ; ; \ .. LL~ Emotional type J L Y I -
$1 i ~ + l U W I j s p" 4j.L
b U l & .. d i S j . $ W I I&
&+I +uL;, & d l .. *b ;tJ+I
%+3&(QleYI+~+4(
L J Y U Y I ' i j Y L '.,3 Yl 'A+\ .. Choc W L I L d @9 *;L9 ' - W l
5
'Crise emotive ULl + . ;ii 'emotif
j M I - J L Y l *;r 'Crise de nerfs ji i,$L~g CttsLufI X*;r + - - A L lctal e.
Emotional release JLd;Yl &+I - is - 4ji s3 ,'UL iib91 2 4 1 o c l A 3;L- ; 1 l a Y G Y l
d l + ! 2 &>-I\ & &JA9 - : i 3 I 11
bbi -I a ~ ~ + ~ ~
& P 3 C7-f' ij4lg;Jl399FJLS U L !
.*MI - ~ I , J ~ I Us9 c L a y 1 3 id1
Emotional kLJLb;l is LI b L I $3
J L Y I - c-tl CAC &;+... - .stength
JI+YI 3l Emotional immaturity
J! Emotional instability & I Y l .. - +;.'J\3 . k J L \ u u 4 i j I J p ,
motion all^ 4~4;: a J z i - d l + - +.-La 1 J& unstalbe personality
L i : I 41 bi
. j L Y l d - (-1)
&I i)a &Uf &$d l &+j
- \ A V \ ) ~ Y U sk;9 ~19 i bu3
~ ~ I ~ ~ J & L & L ~ ~ ] I - - ( \ 4 1 0
dpij .++I . h i d l + Jjb -bgU yb ++ k&l 3i Cannon - Bard theory
The JLYI 4 - b F m \ 3i +JW\ , ( \ 974) thalamic theory of emotion
#Lb.:biL,J~!b+&2
y y ~ \ 3i ~ ~ g e l l + ++ JGYI -
+L Z ~ L + L ~ J L ~ ~ p% &JI - 4+p*&Jl&c;?plgcLrLllJ! -
p ~ & u Y % * ~ k l l 3 i 4 I
',LA% &3+3 z h r p 3 .d+I
" - Y - ~ ; t ~ o ~ + . ~
-I +$I %MI bi ++ 41 - . JL6;Y12-ll - f - eL-ii&Jld - .. i j ~ p & i L l &K &+ &+ij - bj .iJ+ gi3
Activation (or .t;k;ll 3i i j L Y l ;t+
J : 7 J3k3 arousal) theory
L - L + l d l dux9 ,&llCh;Yl . Ll-Yl .
J L Y l - -&I + &J id: ,fikLJI
&3 - yM clrgk3 .&\jJ\dl -&I &2 - 'Emotional attitudes &IL% +Lb
a s h + 3 3 .&Ipd1 @C"L?"lj
Emotional & ! L L b ; Y l + L L I . .
J-ii J--fl &3 , reponses - 'L'AL31 &,c W L Y l . a L L L L " , Y \ .
.&\Yl & J I p - @&= - (dC4
ct113 - ilrbturn a~Jx3
ej ‘i>'dLAYl i l r L . , Jp aI,!&Jl
k& b3 w ! l ) ~ l
, James-Lange's theory &Y - -
'&d+ ( \ + - \ A Y L ) - i l r ~ ~ ~ l p - k+ ?*b 4p;lJ
W p C-Lf3) &JLJ (4 +L ilrj~;t+~Giji,(\vo - M Y
L&I bi ,L G ~ J +L - ~L ,gA&~~~;4+ 'J&hf -
&p$q+b!,, J + 2 4 4 *
Z S ~ a-11 bi Z*
~ I+J& L~+ bi3 ,Z~LYI dljJ\
+i3. j L 6 ; Y l p A& d3 - k"h; .LZ.iul+ @Y i+ i+l oLA%
J! d ! j ~ ' d l Z d , &L &‘d -
>A '@~JJ)!!
&I3 ' L g w ~ & & l - &"(;?I
y ! u 14- hi h++I 9% .Emotional behaviour J G Y l d+1 ..
&lJ2)!1 - x ~ a l GSfer +ds3
J&\ dl Cognitive-appraisal theory
~ ~ L p ; 4 j l i a Y L a Y l + k ; Y I
+ ~ ~ l dl&\ ( p ~ p + 4 ~ 4 & 4
C
~ ! J J Y \ e 6&-1 - i J ~ h 'p. 0 J b L & ? l l -
;4;r~ +L 3i 'UL 3i i+ 4 LA dl i+I3 .J+
a~ hi dF+ ,b A I ~ J ~ I - J A B U I ~ I & g 9 ~ \ \ ,L : 11
h4Sj A3 ' a Y G Y l ( p i 2 u '32eLz
~ + ~ & 4 3 ' L , g ~ ~ y L J L i a
i ~.,~'l;t ++I p - .&yu 2 p J l *-
J U Y l &I &i& -. b+,) >+j - + ((Papez's theory of emotion
#,lc " - L ; t _ > L I I ijY312&!l
&I &Ldl - + U I aLj$',Lfl
Jb &Jii.l13 . aYLd ;Y l& itoSj
dl ++I3 'a(-! &I +L -. -
w
$ 9 3 .+W & -. ijL! B J ~ & .. I a ...+ 11 A+I hi
*I + . , \ JL +z 2 : A ,*,? \I3 - J! tjii3 JAG P '$1 t+ h i
GJ-4 A, wF%3*Lgll
- F ~ ~j\ J!tjii d X j 'ilikJI
? ukal \ L a Js C;J~$~~,FWI
I A K I i l - &@I & M I &&.l..l 6 F k + \ aL - '?&Jl U L p &#I &W1 p4-U - - $UI 4 ~ 3 3 -. (Qii I j I K I jL,
.-I JJL+ *e c-9 -. . - l i k J 1 ULJ'%L~+I U l
-+\dl &\$I d X 3 a Y G Y l pj yUl (p di+ ' & A 1 (p 'g& JL
L* aL J1 - . . . ' A n - L 4 &-!GI aL3
C
.cWI & ;tJALtl a Y L L Y 1 &j
\n3 .Behavioristic theory 2 A L . l I
JAG &&I hb ++ hi
~-i; bi J & ~ L! ~YLLYI
L L ~ ~ + bi A ,a9+= .+ 3i LLL &i a3+, 3i ' t s ; ~ - Y3 ds49-f l YLL-" (-g' Y3
- Davitz, J.R.: The Language of
Emotion.
- Gelhorn, E. & Loofbourrow,
G.M.N.: Emotions and Emotional
disorders.
L L z s u i ;Gw4-4%+b3 - $ ~ d + 0 p L i i 4 & ~ % ~
d & I e 4 & c L d - I ! & & a ..
-L~JJ & +&I +.@ Yj .J&yI -
g;i .. IL LU w3 +L ++ 19-JI3 LPFXXWI J3J Uf! -1
&L $3 La3 .c W & U I -
r*b k\ &Ie
J&YI &&lSL - &+ pub
+L.J Maclean's 'theory of emotion
+&+i GL~LJ jp& 2=-1I UP -bLj j b J l ., P
, ;; j+I dY3 Hippocampus
J~LII +LG .. L ~ I ~ ~ ~
LP9xy@I . - JI J L Y l -
hJjJ @ c m l 3 p ~ t l awl his
.aL+l&Ki g - &$I -
*:* *:* *:* E'P
- Hebbo, D.O.: The Nature of 5
e3 31 J& Sensation L ' d l Emotion. Selected Readings.
d- tiL 3' &IJ ,k3+ - Arnold, Magda: Emotion and
Sensory receptor .. &LA a J L ! Personality.
- \ A \ ) Helmholtz 4 - 3
- ~ r r ) W u n d t ~ ~ - ~ . ( \ ~ 9 ~
+ ~ u , s l l , . . , ~ . ( \ 9 r -
hJLJl &+I -9. j L Y l lifdl.l.fI JI 4xj; L 9i ;C I l t , ~ f ~ -WI JI
C . -,-. S ;+I +i >L3 - ,%+I y z ~ ~ ~ ..
4 + + ! ! I Jgk*ell 3 vLyl a,,\;.-lt3 LUs2-tl s*dlz-I
C
&+I o h -1 ?+j . k L f r U 1 3
A -, ,i g, ~ ~ i i i 1 1 - - . lgY
;r~;~sdjj9;1'~.i,*
lil &Id1 - plW19 L;? plWl
Sense &I . k i && ;r
&h 3i & & ;4;CiJ13 . & organs
v;rl&WL+&&e?p; o b J3b9 J% 3 bw p & L C T L y l t+ & J j l L &&I
‘ 0 1 ~ ~ . ju .. 3i &I+ .. J dJlP - d l &i 'Sense limen , L Y I h3 - L .
z J s a! J* di b&, - &I
l b i jA j L i yLy I Jc &!I +u=
&&I .Lb;\+lif~j 3 i 3 ~ ~ GJA9 'LALAdI al&\ + -. j-11 -- L&L4L+ ' z . - - ~ al&\ pa &I Jc
Sensory system d l - 4 i I l h j , ~ - ; ~ L Q ] I
&I s&+I J U +!L ?% & d l - - 4 3 ' Sense experience +I .. dlJ-'$ &+ 5- ab& L'L . Sense perception v L y l
d l J J ! ~ 4 ' . u i L.& v ~ y ~ 5
3 3 - 0 M 3 %l;! i's;;2 eG C?*4
,L 'dl 3 I .LA
.0j_j3&~JJ!;r ..- 3-4 .. 9 3 6 sense &&I h l ~ i,&
Lg;n a U 1 3 .aL_gZdlJ!
($! 6 L J p ! 1 9 6 l d I ) d l ~ Q ~
6 J--!\3 La~-5~3
pl. 3 t9 p u L y ' 3 -&+I3
4-1 pJ+ &dl - 4 1
& ~ G j ~ : - , + ~ 4 ; u l G J ~ & d l ~ - - -1 3 +sf9+Jl &,L,5l ;SJWI
pl. i+ L - ~ .-I LSIAI 04
sL \ nL+Ll l r-.\;,L,+dlcr"ufl
.-+9J3&l L&&Gj J& .U -I ++I -i3 ( \ M A - \ v ~ ) ~ e b e r ~ j ~ i
. ( \ A - \ A \ ) Fechner Ji&+
LL JLL.9 . l J J L 5 ~ ~ 3 I I Static sense ~ l j j l l l
IS! u i c-j '4jUP3
r2-+fl & kS+l 4 1 3 3 'U3
L Y I & i J J jl32 &.bj w' c
; l l j i ~ L 2 d Kinesthetic s. X+&
' r W l & - X+j '+&A% , y I d3
au,, ',xu13 ', lLf l - -*A3 ~~~i I ~ I 5 5 h ~ - iTjL 41 owl -
. , .,g b+ 3i .&$I j3k
Organic sensitivity L . . l - + b I 9
& L c i l ; . l J & ~ + ~ L j + ~ - - . L l l 1 3 ~ ~ f 1 3 i d 1 & F ~ h c t
jst;rl, j& L 'dJi s3 &UI3
J - 4 Q3 +34 31 &4 91 tsr14 ~ & $ ~ : , , J ? I I -+A! 3i j41 3i p L J - n - + U l L u - 3 .fJ! ..
@j .. L*&~J d+L& LG J! d+! I
& - ! A b @ u L & j l & Y I - &b .+lp91 ;, $4
9 Sensation level c r L y l d-3
XL&'i~>L&*Lq!LL!
9 4! P L Y \ d* iLS;' G ! 1 2
i L 3 i ~ + 4 + o ~ > ~ i ~ s k .
LA l i l l+I o w 31 ' a ~ l j \ii
w L ~ I ~ . L.J~.- j J i 3; @I&
'+LC91 p,Lp -
L U kj9 .pd\ & .. $Ipj
Visual ~ ~ ~ - 1 1 - + L y l 4 4 1
9 ;&I +i - Auditory +I3
;r +I& d i g ' c r L y l J h
;+I 4 1 ~ i ; d l 3 +I
.J+\ &+I -3 41
3k;J 41 J.5-I +&SLJI dh3 .. +i '&I9 &I p+ Lq;4 G L e W l
' 4 1 ~ j ~ g ~ $ 1 SL j> 5% &I
-\I i-Zj ' j J U I - i-!19
a k j ~ t-fl f3 'dj~lJ,-13
'.Lhg;J13 '-+dell al*913 'a+\
+b9 $l331 +&& Smell -
L Taste s3,giill pg '&I 4 1 -
+3 $h 3! L P G 1 3 ~ & 4 J - 4
$+I P 3 .. '-3 >3
J! bL;j! Cutaneous 3i Skin sense
'iJ3&19 k;3Lu\b , L I
c r ~ y ~ IL s ~ i ~ '(0l94~ &+I+
' c r L Y l I L -L+A3 '+I & -
LY LL! G+ j-113
+A= + 17~; sense ;---!l3 - Hearing c-ll ' d l
'Vision sense >-!I , sense
-j 'smelling sense ?-)I A3 I l i S h j 'Temperature sense iJI+I
5 c
-9 cj' &J 41 Js9r' .*Is .+ +I ipL p LS + GP gsr - +ij, Phantom limb +iWI &$I - L w ~ i + a$ 4 L b i a L L b + I 9 ;, cj9& * 5'- 'J_C.dk3a!~3&-2
P U I + & L a ~ ' - p & 'd9 -
;L. ;L~'U~ j ~ ~ g ~ ~ c j i - usr A '~-i, ..- + JAcL'dl+&'~p cj& \ds;.ycll
LS d i g '4 ytJ L l g C+ 'Synesthesia &I -1 i p U b & - - p ~ l + & j - ~ p u L ~ - -I&l r L a L~JJ Jkj .+
&LGdl ak12Llp ziml
.Sensitivity disturbances
I+ 0 p L i . i ablJbl j
,i '4 ,i 'kLir +j;sz+w~ 9
9 9 Anesthesia Jl d l d i +j ' &
&+',A c j b a+\ p djS, ';i;* - 3i k ~ k j ~ ~ j I & p + w~~~
-41 Ljb;. + &l;lj;ll - c c + && d& wl;ll &I 1% .*Isj
L L I i3 , Sensation-seeking -L~I 79
wl;l~ + >I..+ a, .nka l Jbi (p +
w h l j Wj W J + uL ' %JkdI j -1
o h +L ~cs1cII - b A l l - &+I c j u 3 - tI+jkal+l 'J* bJ c j 3 A L' *".
U
p o h wLill &j 'idj G J g I
Z
@r?'&++ di &j .'%
- ( - A V O ) Yung
&I+ JL~~~I~ : . - ISLL~+ c
&L~IJL+ILLI+~ u g ~ + - w ~ i L
L ~ L S ) ! ~ &&dlj LJ+~ :@ - L ~ J !
cji .+ '-L~I L u s j ' wd~j
&j;ij&+5L&-+j
d5b-i bJ cj& 'i.,'? '+A\
+ 4 j ! i C Z . ~ + ~ ~ b ~ ~ d p ~ y g
'Sensitive type , b l U l
& . - &dl Thinking type -1 - ~~LI ,Y~L.&+~.J~J I~
.)uiifl -. jL
J&+ . . +3iq1...;; LYI
U .
i,+& Y 3 Gargalesthesia Li&sJl
'db$ - & A i d & w L I & L a
& & d l J L & J 2 d d L L j
2 3 U 1 &.Is3 , Hypergargalesthesia
& U I + Hyperageusia
U J--!l &d3 , Hypoageusia
X 5 J ~ \ l wL3 Hyperkinesthia
Z J ~ J2-\I &J--43 , Hypokinesthia
dl I Hyperthermoesthesia
&+3 'Thermoanesthia Lgr w L Y l
d l Hyperbaresthia d l
;L1m , Hypobaresthesia
dI-3 , Pallesthesia d l jl-)U
I j j A \ U l
;I-. &+3 , Palmanesthesia
41 ; C Y Y b l -3 Hyperalgesia @'XI
a+ ;t-UILU3Cfl &>3 ,Hypoalgesia
a+ Hyperacusia
. Hypoacusia . .
G L ~ + , J ~ ~ I L + & " ~ ~
d u b u~~ ,i 41 J ~ V Y J I
3l-44 u L Y l 9 , Sense of place
-i3 &Jl ~)zL! &+ 'Sense of time
i -& ' ~ b -m~ dl- 3 2 . .. .. f+~3 +-&, ik~j 3i ~s;3 + U ~ - L + Y & A ~ + A T I -
&L& '+L$I -+ (y +I
d l k l ! &4 b - 9 d k ' ~ J ! d - h l
+bb&J , jkI I+++iI I
J I A L dJ,J ' L U I (+ 'L+
& 6% , Hysterical a. 6 - >-dl 5 //
93.~zs;y+(iui41i'.rulLS~ - a ,~g,iv
A i,& Hypoesthesia &I 3%
+ ~ v b > 9 3 L'G* G W I 5 // 5
fyJI 4 3 3 "-i~ 0 p L l &I - 'l+I
L~+~-L-JI ++I w L l +> , Hyperesthesia
C
31 y 91 +e fG L F 4++ .:A 3i .+! a
5
G G& dig ,;i~gp!l liJlpdI .. .L- 3i L(iui 41
dl3 + U l cjLl JhJ >j
-41 L.+ +I f~+i e'irl JA',Aj ' ~ - i J l +&LYb
, Hyperalgesia $91 'Analgesia
f i l 9 k 5 Paresthesia d l $,h3 ~3195; ~ & + i f14i 4h3 .JA~3
Sense of identity L&b L , , L Y 1 3
$3 JAaZ-4 -.,A bi+ &)ell i+
Sense -dL ,L?13 .&+;dl ;r
G ;; @L yL!9 of guilt
3i 'PI~JI 4 . 41 .. 4 &$I L ~ I
1 d I LLj 6 J , + i ~ I +& P 3
' y L ' d I ;& GI3 .+13d13 kr,Lrll - .
;I ; a+ '5L&j+
;+ +&i s3Li+i,~,~y~ ' y L y l I iA ;& Ail LA '~i+LY
+L ;,+l+ili 'LJ-iY i;dL ;i bj2 '+UI J! &&I
&A L J L S ~ + +G& 6dJ+ - Sense & d l - i+13 .'GIJ & L ~ J
L,.i& 3i ij%p feeling
dlJ~y13 .+ iJ-Y +LL
dlJ21p'l l LA- Sense perception
k i d3 ib-~~ - &I +I
Sense b-t~ .. tl-C;l13 .- j+l
Lc;t.J& - && dlJ21 illusion
' U I -. &l+l&lAl J+ue.,,
3i '&Ul g - Larll JL! ; p u b Ji.
G L ~ ~ I 9 9 3 .+I & M I JI - . d ! J ~ y \ 3
Sense impression e&Yl 3 Sense datum iTILll &-h11 .. +$ + I ~ ~ I ~ ~ &+I lit c ~ !
!Gu ?&$ ' d l ~ l y l & - &dl L 6 j 2
+ ~ A I . ; T J I J ~ ~ ~ l ~ & ~ ~ b
d! 09+j 6pCLk;yl pu! ~ L y l , i r i l D P & ~ ~ . L ; Y J l - ..
-Y L > u k_*
Sensitive period L ~ I i s 1
LLL;jw\ b i j s 4 ~ j i L ~ -
L ~ L L ~ I _ L L ~ ~ ~ ' G ~ L + +
a\& &A3 Ld+i jL&I - .
.bl+l 2 $A\ zJ3dI & '\.uu .. u L i S Y ;Lur-1 i+l JjZ G3
$1 "1 b &ij 'L&l irljL,+dl ..
u\ & TJJL b w! b&
+I g +i &j '&L3 +L,iu*I9 - .@43 &
-&k!l 4 Sensitivity &Ul - +Ul "uy s3 L S + L 1 i J L W
I j P 4 L+J -;.-&lI bi 14; Sensitization
bj l # & p i 4 &"L *LL b& -
&b\ +J LJ3 '$1 &4
.. 4 , i L,
'p* y L + I '& 4s
~k&.b+@b-9p*
,mi ;4i +, l3 a n ! -r -+ bi i l i+lkLlI
~94.. '&+iil+ p+d " : , f a . .
.+sUpA +L+l &L
9 Sensualism &I --I9 .. L ! \ j ~ ! p L!ibj~! & i b Jgkll
4 - biJ "bi .. j l ~ " ' d \ &ti3 J+ L& 2 9 2
.& ~+i, ;MI ~ g a - ;> Sensationalism &dl U 1 3
'J! ULg;xaj a w l J5
aids3 FLl i o h j l i k L . . 'bFL
bib &l>l & w LLI (p
.obj;--Il(p-..-&l&
~ L ~ J J \ ~ ~ ; L ? ~ ~ . L ) u L M
'Sensation threshold e L ' d l
Threshold sensation &I ,L'p'l .. Wl3 .&.dl - d ! j J ' d i 9 .. +i Absolute threshold GLLdl
US, .. $91 h i Ji j JL i &+I ,i ' b i 9 ~ + ,i .&L O-.C &+ bi
L ' , . . . I - , +dl - w$ i jb ‘$1 ' b U L
ZLLL~I, .&s;.i GL, bJJ +I ;P
LLL 4 Sensitive zone L ~ I - '+ i j I+Ld ; t u i Lg, LiLz
pe--"LP L#\ W I 'u
,Ll ,* 2 7 , ''k LG &hL
, L . ? ~ j l s s ; l & d c j & & & J l - C
41 + LU:, J-?+ dJ -+-I
Desensitization &,Wl +L9 .L9L +jL& c u i 2&++&
&+I & U l + .. d l
41 + ~ j ! + ~ i + ~ ~ + +
.It + S;i? '+LC *I
&dl .. w4 L+l &\+I3 j ~ i ) l
L U ~ , '1;;di ,i +I IL
pa & h i i J j L ;, c r A f I & &l;; AI-lJ J+J 3i 4 1
Sensitivity G U l UJJ.~;~ .&+I - d+I .. E)Wl &.L (p G J J training
Kurt Levin @ a& LAJ& - Carl je9jJju3 ( \ ~ L v - \ A f o )
&_)s tii&;~~& .. Rogers
~ 2 + p j ' @ L " J l ~ l + - u
+j+ + ' j w l i i l+ +a
+ ; r ] i 2 ~ t l JUI
Sensory - \ I .. bL2- l13 P
iFdld---i -0 P deprivation
;relp-& '-1 4;bL\
3 i o J L + & a > g k 3 i ~ ~
.* L9+
Stages of bL~l Jpk;ll &Ip3 - b > 41 sensory development .. & i,& $1 5 9 1 + S I L L ! 2 4 1
i Lid L 7 ,"I b I + 'LIJ & 7 ,,,I
I& 6 6 +I ;+I J\ '~sp & .&Ij + &! &Ie &j+ - ;AT ' ~ 1 ~ L -, >"I i,$& '&'dl ;+I
i,$L .. " L W I .. ;+I1 d3 ' ~ 1 3 &iJl3 .. L+ L~IAKLI
.dp + 41 +L-" 3~ + ~ i glb Sensory d r i ~ e ~ ~ f l ~ ~ d ~ ~ ..
+i,i ~ L L +L 3i ;+L--)
4 1 3 -- .- i+ t*. MI
9 Sensory discrimination .. aL&i i t I (J+ A I '& ; J d 1
jw13 .41 ggj .. +I g a 3 u \ - L t e p Sensory field o L + ~ l -
Y
-Qua al$p &', L Cr& I-;) J 3/17 2
i , L j & d ~ 2 b k i , i ( j ~ ,
+ j ~ L l L J 1 1 j 9 ~ + & + \ d - ,,I; ')J LL3 4AG CIpp + , L Y l
&L;; ,L;rI9 .d3& Y3 'dLLeY; Y3
I ,hi3 '-1 AI I& s i
kAl;,,db&L;;'ii - . ~ L ' ~ I + I IL,GK 14
,L;I &i;u3 .i+ .. U &i JL
&L$l j ,L 'd l g W l - kiuJl
+ ~ ~ , h i ~ ~ l k z w ~ ~ i
i,i 'I% L L U ~ +3 '&+ b j ~ -&;)A al# -&UluL7J1 ;+A
,LJul ~ l g ~ -. J t&ii bi - - *&m( *fiI J p ~g-(;3
& ~,LLI bk'Iki3 jbi 3%
& ~ J _ U & ~ ~ l a ~ J ~ i ; (
.ZJb ;+I &i;u l i l LJ3 Sensory adaptation +I - &I9
~ & & & u I I ; )&J~ I ~ + ~ L I + A , ~ I U ~ I j+
&I d!i ',&Aj J&Lll
++ j l Ld.L ' iJUl
L D J L i i ; g $ L p j i u l
U l d L i i j J L & k t l I L L
. L-
5
&4 -&I2 41 o&L;! *& & d l - Sensory -I i-i9
\& ?+ +!I -1 4 - process
Protopathic J~Y I .. ,L\dI9 .,L\dl
tprlK ++ U L I p sensation
Secondary &Wl - U L \ d \ 9 c\&,YLs s-;Sg UL!p s.
&e - +$ +LY J941 3i + , & >la1 - U L Y 1 3 .JJI+ ?*
J! +.. $1 j Subjective s.
&I > - U ~ \ 5m L + wMI d l
i + U e 3 -JL; 3 U e J F 3 i)32
U~~ + ~)_)YI Y! .+I &12
.Lp i;u gj $Lp &is3 Sensation increment + l y 9
aJl+ Lz+al +&&I IIIL + + &k -*u1 >tJL& - ,LY13 .+Id1 i JbA l
&kd3 .Affective s. j I + g l l - - C
J - z l ~ i)! p Sensory interaction
Js;, &I L&- pa - e l irWl
I" p ~ , &i i jL ,+,I+ j ~ k l j .. 4jc '+ L b L J I o* & W l
Sensory bA-\l .. (9_r!
bL J@! I d .&&a i)L9
~ 4 ~ 1 'OLLJ~ &L css .. JL" 5 5 wk ,\,I\ .J - .. +u*$
.- - jLF > .. dL;9
4 Sensory habit -1 6~m1~ .. ~ J s k l l ~ q L L f i ) + & d +
,i a ~ ; ~ ~ -. +I -- + GLUI
L- + 3 W l 3 ill\UI"...)d!
Sensory integration +I - & W l 3
+'L-L-YIL+~~ J~ 0 -i 9
+3~ i )+ + d n J ~ 2 L ~ ~ 3
5 5
a+I3 && lib L>l +Wi
'ki J~ d+9~ h b LA-I
eL;I > .. J W I L d S 3
.yL & + J I
>_t1 - ' L L 2 1 + &&iLY13
+% cjifl - c ~ , Sensory-reaction type
k;l -. L & d l &%I J! oL;;Yl L@
&+I - ' La1 + + + Y l ~ .. 'yL
41 z+ U L I 5 4 1 L@ J* - - 5
9 ' 6 > W d 3 > W b m
.di Jl k .
9 Sensory stimulus o-~~ >913 ..
:&P I L Y 1 3 .organization
- Boring, E.G.: Sensation and Perception &L+ L -1 9 Maximal sensation
in the History of Experimental Psychology. +.dl $3 j+ LA L . d ! @ I
- Milner, P.M.: Physiological psychology. ! L a & 21 j kl dli &
- Hensel, H.: Allgemeine Sinnesphysiologie. Absolut ;&dl -+m13 .&+dl
, L Y l a J d l - sensitivity
4:. 4:. 4:. ' C 9 3~ ' i~i i GYL ~i &p3
C
. G Y L -1
