中文中文 105105Fall 2009Fall 2009

你好你好Nǐ hǎoNǐ hǎo

1.1. 介绍介绍 (Introduction)(Introduction)

My name…My name… 董治音 董治音 (Dong3 zhi4 yin1)(Dong3 zhi4 yin1)

（董老师 （董老师 Dong3 lao3 shi1: teacher DongDong3 lao3 shi1: teacher Dong ）） The course..The course.. How is the course taught?How is the course taught? Questions?Questions? Your Chinese names..Your Chinese names.. What do you know about the language What do you know about the language

that we call “Chinese”?that we call “Chinese”?

1.What do you know about Chinese 1.What do you know about Chinese (mandarin) as a language?(mandarin) as a language?

PhoneticsPhonetics Morphology?Morphology? Syntax (Grammar)Syntax (Grammar) DialectsDialects Orthography: The CharactersOrthography: The Characters Now, some Chinese Now, some Chinese ! !

Ni3 hao Ni3 hao

A-Ni3 hao! A-Ni3 hao! B-Ni3 hao!B-Ni3 hao! A-Wo3 shi4 ….A-Wo3 shi4 …. B-Wo3 shi4…B-Wo3 shi4… A-Xin4 hui4A-Xin4 hui4 B-Xin4 hui4! Zai4 jian4B-Xin4 hui4! Zai4 jian4 A-Zai4 jian!A-Zai4 jian!

1.Classroom Expressions…1.Classroom Expressions…

ZZài jiàn-Good byeài jiàn-Good byeXiè xiè-thank youXiè xiè-thank youHěn hǎo-very goodHěn hǎo-very goodNǐ hǎo-helloNǐ hǎo-hello

1.The Three Parts of The 1.The Three Parts of The “Chinese alphabet”-Pinyin“Chinese alphabet”-Pinyin

First, A new classroom expression: First, A new classroom expression: Qǐng gēn wǒ niàn: read after me Qǐng gēn wǒ niàn: read after me

Initials: Consonants and consonant Initials: Consonants and consonant clustersclusters

Finals: Vowel and vowel combinations.Finals: Vowel and vowel combinations. Tones: Chinese is a tonal language!Tones: Chinese is a tonal language! Let’s look at an example:Let’s look at an example:

Nǐ hǎoNǐ hǎo

1-2.Syllable, Word, and Character1-2.Syllable, Word, and Character

One or more syllables make a word:One or more syllables make a word: Each syllable has a Chinese character Each syllable has a Chinese character

initialinitial Nǐ hǎoNǐ hǎo

你 好你 好

Tone

final

2.The Pinyin Chart2.The Pinyin ChartFinals a o e ê -i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng

Initials

                         

1234a

 1234e

1234(ê)

 234er

1234ai

 1234ao

1 34ou

1 34an

1 4en

12 4ang

 

b1234

ba1234bo

       1234bai

1 34bei

1234bao

 1 34ban

1 34ben

1 34bang

1234beng

p12 4pa

 1234po

     1234pai

12 4pei

1234pao

1pou

12 4pan

12 4pen

1234pang

1234peng

m1234ma

1234mo

me      234mai

234mei

1234mao

23mou

1234man

12 4men

23mang

1234meng

2.The Finals2.The Finals

a, a, o, o,

e, e, i, i,

u, u, üü

2.The Initials-Part I2.The Initials-Part I

b b p p m m ff 　 　 d d t t n n l l g g k k h  h 

3.The Initials-Part II3.The Initials-Part II

j j q q x x z z c c s  s  zh zh ch ch sh sh rr 　 　

The Initials SongThe Initials Song

B,p,m,fB,p,m,f d,t,n,l d,t,n,lG is the brother of k and hG is the brother of k and hJ as in jeep, q is like cheese,J as in jeep, q is like cheese,X means “west”X means “west”In ChineseIn ChineseZ c s silk Z c s silk we all like,we all like,Zh ch sh rZh ch sh rrun really fast.run really fast.

3.The Tones3.The Tones

3.Practice!3.Practice!

MāMā mámá mǎmǎ màmà

DīDī dídí dǐdǐ dìdì

GēGē gégé gěgě gègè

4.Classroom Expressions4.Classroom Expressions

LLǎo shī hǎo ǎo shī hǎo Hello Teacher Hello Teacher Xiè xie Xiè xie Thank you Thank you Bú kè qi Bú kè qi You are welcomeYou are welcome

4.The Compound Finals-Part I4.The Compound Finals-Part I

1. ai 1. ai ei ei ao ao ouou2. An 2. An en en ang eng ang eng ongong3. Ia 3. Ia iao iao ie ie iu iu ia ia

in in iang iang ing ing iongiong

4.Our First Tongue Twister!4.Our First Tongue Twister!

Sì he shí Sì he shí 四和十四和十Sì shì sì,Sì shì sì, Four is fourFour is four四是四四是四Shí shì shíShí shì shí Ten is ten.Ten is ten.十是十十是十Shísì shì shí sì,Shísì shì shí sì, Fourteen is fourteen,Fourteen is fourteen,十四是十四十四是十四Sì shí shì sì shí.Sì shí shì sì shí. Forty is forty.Forty is forty.四十是四十四十是四十

4-5.Let’s review and do some 4-5.Let’s review and do some practicepractice

Initials-let’s sing the song one more time!Initials-let’s sing the song one more time! Compound finals-part ICompound finals-part I

flashcardsflashcards

5.The Compound Finals-Part II5.The Compound Finals-Part II

1. ua 1. ua uo uo uai uai ui ui

uan uan un un uang uang ueng ueng

2. 2. üeüe üanüan ünün 3. er3. er

5.Tone Sandhi5.Tone Sandhi

New classroom expression: Qing3 wen4New classroom expression: Qing3 wen4 Two or more third tones = Two or more third tones =

second + thirdsecond + third Two fourth tones =Two fourth tones =

fourth + neutralfourth + neutral third tone + Any tone=third tone + Any tone=

half third tone + any tonehalf third tone + any tone

A Game!A Game!

Pinyin Pinyin 举示举示

6. Spelling rules6. Spelling rules First some classroom expression: Qǐng wèn First some classroom expression: Qǐng wèn When there is no intials before finals starting with u, w When there is no intials before finals starting with u, w

shall be added as initial. For example: u - wushall be added as initial. For example: u - wu If there is other vowels after u, u shall be changed to w. If there is other vowels after u, u shall be changed to w.

For example:For example:ua – waua – wa uo –wouo –wo uai –waiuai –wai uei – weiuei – wei

When there is no intials before finals starting with i, y When there is no intials before finals starting with i, y shall be addedshall be added as initial. For example: as initial. For example: in –yinin –yin ing -yinging -ying

If there is other vowels after i, If there is other vowels after i, i shall be changed to yi shall be changed to y. . For example:For example:ia – yaia – yaie –yeie –ye iao –yaoiao –yao iou –youiou –you

6. Spelling rules6. Spelling rules

When there is no intials before finals When there is no intials before finals starting with ü, y shall be added as initial starting with ü, y shall be added as initial no matter if there is vowels after ü. When y no matter if there is vowels after ü. When y added, ü is changed to u. For example:added, ü is changed to u. For example:ü ü –– yu yu üe üe –– yue yue üan üan –– yuan yuan ün ün ––yunyun

When initials other than n and l proceed When initials other than n and l proceed finals ü starting with, ü changes to u. finals ü starting with, ü changes to u. nü nü –– nü nü lü lü –– lü lü jü jü –– ju ju qü - quqü - qu

PracticePractice

YanYan IanIan uan uan wan wan yi yi ii XXuu XXü ü

6. Where to mark the tones?6. Where to mark the tones?

The tone mark is placed over the vowel if there The tone mark is placed over the vowel if there is only one vowel letter. is only one vowel letter. bùbù nànà tètè

If there are two vowels, the tone mark is placed If there are two vowels, the tone mark is placed on the first, unless the this first vowel is i or u. on the first, unless the this first vowel is i or u.

kǎikǎi hēihēi qiúqiú tuītuī

QQióngióng zhuāng zhuāng chuánchuán When the tone mark is place on i, the small dot When the tone mark is place on i, the small dot

is removed.is removed.

yíyí línlín huīhuī

6.Classroom Expressions and L1 6.Classroom Expressions and L1 New wordsNew words

DuDuī bù qǐī bù qǐ Sorry, excuse meSorry, excuse me Méi guān xiMéi guān xi It’s O.K.It’s O.K. How do you ask questions?How do you ask questions?

Nǐ hǎo mā Nǐ hǎo mā How are you?How are you?

Wǒ hěn hǎo ! I am good.Wǒ hěn hǎo ! I am good.

Let’s greet each other this way!Let’s greet each other this way! Let’s practice on L1 D1 new words..Let’s practice on L1 D1 new words..

Another GameAnother Game

写拼音比赛：男生组女生组写拼音比赛：男生组女生组

The Characters The Characters 中国字中国字 The origin and categories of CharactersThe origin and categories of Characters Basic radicalsBasic radicals Stroke orderStroke order Basic strokesBasic strokes Let’s practice!Let’s practice! Your homework( a lot of it):Your homework( a lot of it):

The origin of Chinese CharactersThe origin of Chinese Characters

The earliest Chinese The earliest Chinese characters were characters were found on the “Oracle found on the “Oracle bones” (turtle shells)bones” (turtle shells)

Chinese written Chinese written system evolved over system evolved over the years and the years and developed many developed many different stylesdifferent styles

Categories of Modern Chinese Categories of Modern Chinese CharactersCharacters

Pictographic Pictographic

Self-explanatorySelf-explanatory

Associative Associative compoundscompounds

Categories of Modern Chinese Categories of Modern Chinese CharactersCharacters

Pictophonetic Pictophonetic

洋洋 妈妈 饭 饭 钢钢 Mutually explanatoryMutually explanatory

老老 考考 Phonetic loanPhonetic loan

来来 我我

RadicalsRadicals

Radicals are basic Radicals are basic and meaningful and meaningful components of components of Chinese characters. Chinese characters. Knowing them well Knowing them well will greatly facilitates will greatly facilitates your understanding of your understanding of the charactersthe characters

你 好你 好

Basic StrokesBasic Strokes

There are a total of There are a total of eleven basic strokes eleven basic strokes that in combination that in combination form Chinese form Chinese characters. Each of characters. Each of them should be them should be written in a particular written in a particular wayway

The stroke ordersThe stroke orders1. Top before bottom 1. Top before bottom 2. Left before right 2. Left before right 3. Left vertical stroke (usually) before top horizontal stroke 3. Left vertical stroke (usually) before top horizontal stroke

4. Bottom horizontal stroke last 4. Bottom horizontal stroke last 5. Center stroke before wings 5. Center stroke before wings 6. Horizontal strokes before intersecting vertical strokes 6. Horizontal strokes before intersecting vertical strokes 7. Left-falling strokes before right-falling srokes 7. Left-falling strokes before right-falling srokes A final rule can contradict the others: A final rule can contradict the others:

8. Minor strokes (often) last 8. Minor strokes (often) last Despite these conflicts between rules most students quickly acquire a natural Despite these conflicts between rules most students quickly acquire a natural feel for the proper stroke order. feel for the proper stroke order. `̀

Lesson 1 New WordsLesson 1 New Words

Let’s write some of the new words from Let’s write some of the new words from Lesson 1Lesson 1 ， ， and pay attention to the and pay attention to the structures and radicals of these wordsstructures and radicals of these words

小姐小姐 请问请问 您您

贵姓贵姓 名字名字 我我

Practice QuizPractice QuizI.I. Circle the sound you heard:Circle the sound you heard:

1)1) bb pp 2)2) dd tt

3)3) gg kk 4)4) jj qq

5)5) xx tt 6)6) mm ff

7)7) nn ll 8)8) zhzh shsh

9)9) zz cc 10)10) ll hh

11)11) chch cc 12)12) zz zhzh

13)13) ss shsh 14)14) jj gg

15)15) cc zz

Practice QuizPractice Quiz

IIII Circle the sound you heard and mark Circle the sound you heard and mark the tones:the tones:

1)1)xixi shishi 2)2) riri lili

3)3)zaza jaja 4)4) zhenzhen chenchen

5)5)sisi xixi 6)6) gege hehe

7)7)xinxin jinjin 8)8) chanchan shanshan

9)9)qiqi chichi 10)10) shasha zhazha