Post on 13-Apr-2017
NORTH KOREASubject: PoliticsLecturer: Gary Giss
Group’s members• Đặng Kim Hiếu - 1258020• Trần Quang Khôi - 1258027• Đào Ngọc Lan Đài - 1258007• Nguyễn Trọng Tấn - 1258068• Nguyễn Thị Trà My- 1258034
Outline• Introduction• Politics• Economy• Society• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
NORTH KOREA
• Relative Location: Eastern Asia on the coast of the Sea of Japan, it is located on a peninsula.
• Absolute Location: 39.2 N 125.45 E
Location
North Korea Physical Features/map
Background
• Japan invaded North Korea in 1905
• Korea split into North & South Korea in 1945
• On June 25th 1950, North Korea sent 75,000 soldiers across the 38th Parallel attacking the South.
Timeline
1944 1948 1960's19531950
Japanese occupation of Korea ends
Soviet troops withdraw
South declares independence, sparking North Korean invasion
Armistice ends Korean War,
Rapid industrial growth.
1980 1991 200320011994
Kim Jong-il, moved up party and political ladder.
North and South Korea join the United Nations
Death of Kim Il-sung. Kim Jong-il succeeds him as leaderNorth Korea agrees to freeze nuclear program
Worst drought in history
North Korea withdraws from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
North Korean Leaders• North Korea is a
communist state led by a Dictator. That Dictator is now Kim Jong-un
Human Environment Interaction• North Korea's agricultural
economy is 35% while its industry and services are 65% of its economy
Floods and Food shortages
Religion• Buddhist, Hindu or a Confucius
Movement• The government has total control and
they decide where people are, and how everything works and flows.
The government provide the illusion of religion.
• Closed economy
Continuity Through Change Of North Korea• In 1994 : The ‘Arduous March’ • Kim Jong il died in December 2011• Economy was in meltdown• Kim Jong Un has become the head of a new collective leadership
that appears firmly in control
Biography Kim Jong-il• Kim Jong-il was the powerful leader of
North Korea from 1994 to 2011• By that time North Korea had become
one of the most isolated countries in the world, with frequent famines and an economy in a shambles
• Kim's attempts to acquire nuclear weapons for North Korea
• He reportedly suffered a stroke in 2008, and died three years later
POLITICS
NORTH KOREA POLITICAL
Political parties
• Democratic Republic• Single party : Workers' Party of
Korea.
Political ideology
• Juche (state ideology).• Songun ("military-first" policy).
Juche (Chosŏn'gŭl: 주체 ; hancha: 主體 ;)
• Described by the regime as Kim Il-Sung's "original, brilliant and revolutionary contribution to national and international thought“ .
Songun (or, alternatively, Seon'gun)
• Songun became major ideology after Kim Il-sung's death.
• Their army was called Korean People’s Army.
Military
• The KPA has 1,106,000 active and 8,389,000 reserve and paramilitary troops, making it the largest military institution in the world.
• Approximately one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted soldier.
Weapon• North Korea had been
suspected of maintaining a clandestine nuclear weapons development program since the early 1980s when it constructed a plutonium-producing Magnox nuclear reactor at Yongbyon.
• North Korea's ability to deliver weapons of mass destruction to a hypothetical target is somewhat limited by its missile technology.
• KN-1 • KN-2 • Hwasong-5 • Hwasong-6 • Nodong-1 • Taepodong
ECONOMY
North Korea’s Economic Phases
• Industrialization• The Soviet model (self-reliance)1960s
• Foreign loans and indulged in large-scale imports of machinery and plant facilities
• The oil shock the petroleum prices1970s
• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural decay
• Refusing to open up the economy1980s
• Collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996, and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis
• Dependent on international aid1990s
Foreign Loans & Grants (US$ Million)
Former Soviet Union China Other Socialist
StatesOECD
Members Subtotal
Before 1948 53.0 - - - 53.0
1953-60 609.0 459.6 364.9 - 1,883.5
(Grants) (325.0) (287.1) (364.9) - (977.0)
1961-70 558.3 157.4 159.0 9 883.7
1971-80 682.1 300.0 - 1,292.2 2,274.1
1981-90 508.4 500.0 - - 1,008.4
Total 2,409.8 1,417.0 523.9 1,301.0 6,102.7
Source: North Korea’s External Debts: Trend and Characteristics, Korea Focus (KDI Review of the North Korea Economy,March 2012, published by the Korea Development Institute)
North Korea’s Economic Phases
• Industrialization• The Soviet model (self-reliance)1960s
• Foreign loans and indulged in large-scale imports of machinery and plant facilities
• The oil shock the petroleum prices1970s
• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural decay
• Refusing to open up the economy1980s
• collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996, and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis
• Dependent on international aid1990s
Amount of Shortage (Unit: 10,000 ton)
1995 121
1996 184
1997 161
1998 146
1999 115
2000 96
2001 165
2002 141
2003 129
2004 114
2005 106
2006 106
2007 95
2008 139
2009 117
2010 135
2011 109
• Rolled out 14 new Special Economic Zones2013
• The economic growth picked for few years before dipping again.2000s
• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural decay
• Refusing to open up the economy1980s
• collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996, and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis
• Dependent on international aid1990s
The “military” ambition• 1966: the defense sector comprised around 10% total expenditures
• 1967 to 1971: over 30 %• 1970s: 30% - 50%
• GDP: $33.3 billion (2013) (rise of 1.1%)• agriculture: 23.4% • industry: 47.2% • services: 29.4%
• The main industries:• military products• machine building• electric power, chemicals• mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, graphite, copper, zinc,
lead, and precious metals), metallurgy• textiles, food processing• tourism
• China and South Korea are North’s main trading partners.
• CIA’s 2012 estimates from the Factbook reveal:• 63% of the exports from North are directed to China• 27% to South Korea• 73% percent of the total imports comes from China
(concessional assistance and support)• 19% from South Korea
SOCIETY
Demography• Ethnically homogeneous• Population growth rate
Healthcare• Public health • Free universal insurance system• Preventive medicine emphasization
Pyongyang Maternity Hospital
Infrastructure• Rail transport is by far the most widespread• Road transport is very limited• Obsolete and in disrepair• Develop own civilian nuclear program
A Soviet-built M62 diesel unit at Pyongyang Station
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
RELIGION
RELIGION
HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS
CONCLUSION
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