Post on 17-Mar-2016
description
anywhere and everywhere.
omnipresentS en s in g Z o n e w ith s en s o r - c o o r d in a to r ,s en s in g - c o llab o r a to r s , an d b ac k b o n e n o d es
L ev el- 0 to L ev el- 1 b ac k b o n e
L ev e l- 1 to L ev el- 2 b ac k b o n e
S en s o r C o o r d in a to r
S en s in g n o d es
L ev el- 1 Bac k b o n e n o d e
L ev el- 2 Bac k b o n e n o d e
S en s in g Z o n e M em b er s h ip
A sensor network is an infrastructure comprised of sensing (measuring), computing, and communication elements that gives an administrator the ability to instrument, observe, and react to events and phenomena in a specified environment
The environment can be the physical world, a biological system, or an information technology (IT) framework.
.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
WSN NODE COMPONENTSLow-power processor.Limited processing .Memory.Limited storage.Radio.Low-power.Low data rate.Limited range.Sensors.
sensors: temperature, light, etc.Cameras, microphones.Power.
Sensors
Processor
Radio
Storage
POWER
WSN device schematics
Sensor networking is a multidisciplinary area that involves, among others,
radio and networking ,signal processing,
artificial intelligence, database management ,
systems architectures for operator-friendly infrastructure administration,resource optimization ,power management algorithms ,
and platform technology (hardware and software, such as operating systems)
WHAT IS ZIGBEE?
Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor Networks
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Created by the ZigBee Alliance Named for erratic, zig-zagging patterns of bees
between flowers Symbolizes communication between nodes in a
mesh network
Engineering Challenges ●Identification of several simultaneous
events &reliable correlation of information
from neighboring nodes ●Classification of objects & events
●Improved integration of different sensor types
●Miniaturization & better robustness of sensors
●Common formats & standardsfor sensor data communication
NETWORK ARCHITECTURENetwork should be scalable
Flexible and hierarchical architecturesshould accommodate the requirements of both heterogeneous and homogeneous infrastructure
flat single-tier network of homogeneous sensor nodes
Multi-tier heterogeneous approaches (clustering/partitioning)resource-constrained low-power elements are in charge of performing simpler tasks, such as detecting scalar physical measurementsresource-rich high-power devices (such as gateways) perform more complex tasks
DESIGN CHALLENGES (CONT’D) Heterogeneity.
Devices with varied capabilities. Different sensor modalities. Hierarchical deployments.
Adaptability. Adjust to operating conditions and changes in
application requirements. Security and privacy.
Potentially sensitive information. Hostile environments.
2012Research Challenges
●Increase WSN usability, flexibility & security ●Security: reputation approaches
●Endurance: energy harvesting, efficiency ●Coverage & connectivity improvement:
sensing & communication range(yet covert, small EM emission)
●Information processing, fusion & knowledge:related to coverage for reliable correlationof info across space & timeto perform data mining, knowledge engineering
●Optimum communications schemes ●Optimum protocols
●Optimum Hierarchical deployments.