Wind Turbine Technology Wind Turbine Technology & Taiwan Current Installation& Taiwan Current Installation

By J. Huang/VTC -06/Oct/2008

Speaker brief introduction黃宏基

Vestech Taiwan Corp. 總經理

Wind Power Experiences:

1. Representing Vestas since 1990

2. Project experiences: - 台朔(FHI) : 麥寮風力示範系統 - 2001- 正隆(CLC): 春風風力示範系統 - 2002- 台電(TPC): 金山石門風力電場 - 2004- 台電(TPC): 彰工(II)風力電場 - 2006- 台電(TPC): 麥寮風力電場 - 2007 ～2008- 台電(TPC): 四湖&林口風力電場 - 2008 ～2009- 台電(TPC): 彰工(II)大潭&金門風力電場 - 2008 ～2009

學歷: 東吳大學物理系1977畢業

Modern Wind Turbine Technology

Vestas Wind Turbine Development

Construction of V80-2.0 MW turbine

Nacelle61 t

TransformerGenerator

Rotor34 t

Tower60 m/140 t67 m/158 t78 m/203 t(IEC IA weights)

GearboxHub

Technical layout1. Hub controller2. Pitch cylinder3. Blade hub4. Main shaft5. Oil cooler6. Gearbox7. Parking brake8. Service crane9. VMP-Top controller

with converter10. Ultra-sonic sensors11. Transformer12. Blade13. Blade bearing14. Rotor lock system15. Hydraulic unit16. Machine foundation17. Yaw gears18. Composite disc coupling19. OptiSpeed™-generator20. Generator cooler

Vestas V80-2MW

Vestas V90-3MW

V80, 2.0 MWWind class: IEC Iav 10 min. avg. < 10. m/sv 10 min. ext. < 50 m/sv 3 sec. survival < 70 m/sTurbulence intensity of 18 %Climate versionsStandard -20º C to +30º CHigh Temp. -20º C to +40º COffshore PackageHub heights60 m, 67 m, and 78 m

Design criteria for Vestas V80-2MW

台電台中港區Zephyros-2MW風機不敵薔蜜颱風瞬間陣風倒塌 (註: Zephyros已由日本Harakosan購併)（陳世宗攝）

VCS Variable speed control system OptiSpeed

AC, f = constant,n = semi - variabel

Line couplingtransformer

Generator sideconverter

grid sideconverter

Asynchronousgeneratorwith slip rings

Gearbox Brake

Pitch driveRotor bearing

Main circuit breaker

Convertercontrol

Windturbinecontrol

Medium voltageSwitch gear

Variable speed system OptiSpeed:• Vestas Converter System (VCS) is the standard pitch variable speed system where the

energy from the rotor is send through the converter and used.• Variable speed (dynamic slip range)• Active + reactive power control

Rotor• Accumulators rotate blades

safely to the stop position -in case of complete loss ofgrid or critical turbine fault

• The OptiTip© ensures thatthe blades are always inthe optimal position.

• A sealed fibreglass spinnerprotects the hub

• Service is done from withinthe hub.

Blades, V80

• The 39 m. blade is supplied by Vestas own blade factories.• The blade materials is epoxy, and glass fibre, and therebyusing experiences made in the earlier blades in Vestasproduct portfolio• Lightning protection receptors and with down-conductorswithin blade design

Hub, V80

Cast iron from Vestasowned foundry (windcast)

The hub is machined byVestas own factory in Lem,Denmark.

Hydraulic power unit fromPMC techniques.

Brake system on V80

• Aerodynamic brake:– Full blade pitch– Each blade canindependently turn intobraking position– One blade in brakingposition is sufficient to stopthe turbine• Mechanical brake:– Hydraulic disc brake onhigh speed shaft of maingear, this is only used asparking brake.

Drive train

Main shaft• Main shaft is forged, hollowtrumpet shaft.• All operating loads aretransmitted to base frame andtower

Gearbox, V80

The main gear transmits torque and revolutions from the rotorto the generator.The main gear consists of a planetary gearbox combined witha two stage parallel gearbox, and a toothed couplingtransmitting the torque from the planetary stage to the two stageparallel gearbox.Two torque arms are supporting the gearbox, and vibrationsand dampers, situated between the torque arms and the mainframe, absorb oscillations.Finally torque is transmitted from the high-speed shaft to thegenerator via a flexible composite coupling, located right afterthe disc brake. The disc brake is mounted directly on the high speed shaft.

Generator

Asynchronous with wound rotor, slip rings and VCS The generator is an air-cooled fully enclosed

generator Designed and built specifically for wind turbine

applications

Generator

Yaw system

Function:Keeps the nacelle in position on top of the tower. Enablesthe nacelle to rotate on the tower. The yaw bearingsystem acts as a slide bearing between nacelle andtower. The system transmits the forces from the turbineto the tower.Principle:PETP slide plates on the machine foundation are slidingon a large yaw ring. Cast claws also with integratedspring loaded PETP friction and slide discs secure thenacelle to the tower.

Tower

Platforms, ladders and safety harnessesdesigned according to relevantstandards

Safe working environment for servicepersonal

Liquid tower damper Sand filled chamber for structural noise

damping

Controller• Supervision / control:• Active power• Reactive power• Yawing• Hydraulic• Environment (Wind, temperature)• Rotation• Generator• Pitch system• Grid• Remote monitoring, possible of

connection of serial communication• Information• Operating data• Production• Operation log• Alarm log

Current WTG Installation In Taiwan Vestas Market Share – Worldwide Vestas Market Share - Taiwan

Current WTG Installation in Taiwan

8

1

2.1, 2.2

4

5

16.1, 16.2

177

13.2

3

13.1

12

15

1. Xin-shen金山2.1,2.2. Tao-Yuan Datan(I),

Guan-yen桃園大谭, 觀音

3. Hsin-chu竹北4. Xianshan新竹香山5. Taichung台中港.台中電廠6. Chang-Kong(I)彰工7. Yunlin Mai-liao(I)雲林麥寮8. Lin-Kou林口9. Suhu四湖10. Peng-Hu澎湖11.1 South Hsin-chu 竹南11.2 Ho-Long 苗栗後龍12. Chang-Kong彰工(I)13.1 Chang-Kong彰工(II) 13.2 Mai-liao(II)麥寮13.3 Kin-men (II) 金門14. Mai-liao 麥寮15. Da-eng大安16.1, 16.2 Changhwa Wangkong (I),

(II)彰化王功17.Changhwa Yungshing彰化永興18. Peng-Dong Chechen屏東車城19. Tao-Yuan Luju 桃園蘆竹20. Offshore projects彰化王宮外海

13.3

10

6

9

11.111.2

18

19

20

14

Asia Pacific Share of World Market –Installed MW

Global Installation (2005) = 11407MW

ASPRegion,2320,

20.34%

Rest of theworld,9087,

79.66%

Global Installation (2006) = 15197MW

ASPRegion,3791,

24.95%

Rest of theworld,11406,75.05%

Asia Pacific Share in the global wind markets is consistently increasing

Source: Emerging Energy Research, December 2006

Others21.1%

Suzlon3.6%

GE Wind13.0%

Gamesa13.8%

Enercon14.8%

33.7%

Market Share 2006 (mw) - Worldwide

Vestas leads

Number Model Capacity (MW)26.033 Other 13.5581.816 V52-850 kW 1.544

625 V80-1.8 MW 1.1251.578 V80-2.0 MW 3.156

203 V82-1.5 MW 305730 V82-1.65 MW 1.205382 V90-2.0 MW 764202 V90-3.0 MW 606

31,569 22,263

Installed Vestas turbinesby model by June 30th 2006

WTG Market Share in Taiwan10.40%

Harakosan(前

Zephyros)

2.84%Gamesa

41.17%Vestas37.43%

Enercon

8.16%GE

Vestas Sales Record - Taiwan

1. Linkuo (6 x V80-2MW)2. TLPM (2xV66-

1.75MW)

3. Changkong (23xV80-2Mw)

4. Suhu (14 x V80-2MW)5. Mai-Liao (15 x V80-

2MW)

6. FHI-Mia Liao (4xV47-660kw)

Site of 8,9&10: Under construction

Site of 1,2,3,4,5,6 &7: Completed

7. Nuclear #1 (6xV47-660KW)

8. Changkong (II)(8 x V80-2MW)

9. Mai-Liao (II)(8 x V80-2MW)

10. Kinmen(2 x V80-MW)

Vestas台灣裝機實績

台朔麥寮案V47-660KW

4 座

正隆春風電力V66-1.75MW

2座

台電核一廠V47-660KW

6 座

TPC Chang-Kong Wind FarmVestas V80-2MW (67 m tower)

TPC Lun-Wei Site TPC Shen-Shi Site

Vestas 裝機中案件

• 台電: 麥寮風力電場 - 2007 ～2008V80-2MW x 15 sets

• 台電: 四湖&林口風力電場 - 2008 ～2009V80-2MW x 20 sets

• 台電: 彰工(II)大潭&金門風力電場 - 2008 ～2009V80-2MW x 18 sets

Wind Turbine Erection(Onshore-岸上風力發電廠)

1.Erection preparation 2.Erection tools.3.Erection procedure..

Erection preparation

1. Soil exchange.2. Crane setup.3. Tools preparation.4. Power generator (240/690V).5. Survey for the surface of tower foundation

(level flatness: not >2mm).

Erection tools1. Impact Gun.2. Hydraulic pump & wrench.3. Sikaflex. ( Tower and nose cone)4. Hand tools.

Erection procedure

1. Switchgear / bottom controller2. Bottom section of tower3. Service lift4. Meddle section of tower5. Nacelle preparation6. Top section of tower and nacelle7. Rotor assembly8. Rotor erection9. 100% tighten all the bolts10.Cabling11.Punch list before commissioning12.Start up procedure

Switchgear / Bottom controller / Service lift

Switchgear Bottom controller

Service lift installation

Bottom tower

1. Turn bottom tower vertical by two cranes2. Pay attention to the wire, never twist.

Middle Tower Section Eerection

Nacelle preparation

Ultrasonic wind sensor installed

Customer logo

Aviation light installed

Cabling Inside Nacelle

Top section and Nacelle erection

Rotor assembly

Install blade bolts

Insert blades and tighten bolts

Install lifting device

Rotor Erection

Cabling

Punch list and Start up procedureErection finished

Automatic check

Punch list

Default process

Power on site

Start up procedure

1. 世界風能發電現況&未來發展

Offshore Wind Power離岸風力發電

Project Executionfor Offshore wind farm

Project Preparation (Design basis)

Metocean Data• wave distribution• wave rose• current• current rose• tidal range• water depths• storm surge• marine growth• ice• extreme wave• extreme current

Soil Conditions• mechanical properties of soil• and their range of stratum

Wind Climate• wind distribution• wind rose• turbulence• wind shear• extreme wind

Project PreparationPlanning:

Risk Register Living

document Identify

possible risks Mitigate Price

Project Plans Project

Execution Plan

Method Statements

QA Plan HSE Plan

Interfaces: Transformer station/Onshore

Cables Onshore Cables / Offshore

Cables Offshore Cables / Foundation Offshore Cables / Turbine

Installation Foundation / Turbine

Installation Offshore Cables / Connection to

Switch gear Turbine Installation /

Energization And many more

Foundations

Design pre-sale:Foundations:Choose concept

3 basic types: monopile, tripod, gravity based

Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

One way of transporting the fundation piles and transition pieces to site

Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

Pile and transition pieces stored on board the vessel

Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

Pile hammered into the seabed.

Installation time app. 2 to 4 hours

Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

In hard soil conditions is a hammer/drill method the preferred pile installation method.

Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

Scour Protection (rock dumping) Before pile installation After pile installation

Foundation

Installation:Offshore Installation (Foundations):

24/7 operations.

Working hours

Electrical parts

Offshore Wind FarmElectrical parts Grid Connection

Point

Grid requirements

Onshore or Offshore Substation(s)

Switchgears and transformer in WTG

Offshore Wind Park - Grid layout of the park

- OWEZ 36 x V90-3.0MW

Offshore Wind FarmElectrical parts

Grid Connection Point

Onshore or Offshore Substation

On the HV side (161 kV) or on MV side (33 kV)

Offshore Wind FarmElectrical parts

Grid requirements Voltage variations Frequency variations Reactive power

capability Flicker emission

from WTG Voltage control Frequency response Fault Ride Through

Offshore Wind FarmElectrical partsOnshore or Offshore

Substation(s) No. of Substations Transformer type, one

or two step up transformers

HV Switchgears types Earthing system Electrical equipments as

SVC, Statcom system or alike

No of strings – max 10 WTGs per string

Offshore Wind FarmElectrical partsMarking and

IdentificationCountry specific requirements Foundation in RAL 1023 Marine Lantern system Foghorn system Aviation/obstruction lights Radar reflectors Numbers

Offshore Wind FarmComponents – Transformer Platform

Foundation Often similar to turbine

foundations Specially designed

secondary structures Installation as for

turbine foundations

Topside One unit or modulised Weight – topside

- for Offshore Wind ParkQ7 - 120 MW- 500 tons

Installation Wind Turbines Grid

Offshore Wind Park OWEZ 36 x V90-3.0MW

Grid

Grid

Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan Potential

Wind resource in Taiwan: Very Good Taiwan Market potential up to 2,000MW

Risks Offshore wind farm erection is very risky and the erection

and operation costs could be under-estimated due to very limited experiences.

Government Policy needed PPA (Power Purchase Price) must be increased to a

reasonable level. Employ experienced international consultants and

engineering companies to work with local companies to avoid improper government policy, study and basic design.

End of Presentation

Thank You