Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Was Confederation?

•  The Events •  The People •  The Significance

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Was Confederation?

•  The Events •  The People •  The Significance

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The Events

•  Charlottetown Conference, 1864 •  Quebec Conference, 1864 •  London Conference, 1866-7

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Charlottetown, 1864

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Quebec, 1864

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

London, 1866-1867

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Was Confederation?

•  The Events •  The People •  The Significance

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Who’s Missing From This Picture?

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What About?

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The Players

•  The Canadians •  The Maritimers •  The British •  The American League •  The Natives?

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The Canadians

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The Maritimers

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The British

Lord John Russell

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The American League

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The Natives

Big Bear Poundmaker

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Was Confederation?

•  The Events •  The People •  The Significance

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Drives Confederation?

•  Internal – Failed Coalitions “Joint Premiership” – Political Stalemate “Double Majority” – Economic Situation – Positive and Negative

•  External – Fenian Threat – American Threat – British Policy

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Political Stalemate

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Failed Coalitions

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Fenian Threat

Battle of Ridgeway, 1866

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

American Threat

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Were the Options

•  Annexation (One or All) •  Commercial Union •  Kingdom •  Federation •  Confederation •  Republic

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Annexation

Joel Garreau – 9 Nations of North America - 1961

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Commercial Union

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Kingdom

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Federation

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Republic

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Confederation

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

What Was Confederation?

Political Union or Business Deal?

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Story Aside…

•  Sir Frank Smith •  Senator •  Roman Catholic •  Railway President •  Hotel Owner •  President of LVPA •  Chair of Committee •  Conflict of Interest??

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

British North America Act, 1867

•  Federal Government and Provincial Governments

•  Each Get some Responsibilities •  Local Things such as Education to Provinces •  Shared Things Immigration and Agriculture •  Federal Things such as Military, Trade etc. •  And if it isn’t explicitly defined …

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Section 91

•  Peace, Order and Good Government •  Federal Government reserves right to

anything that pops up •  Everyone knows it is incomplete…but it’s

the best they can do.

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

The Result

•  British North America Act, 1867 •  Foreign policy remained in British hands •  Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

remained Canada's highest court of appeal •  The constitution could be amended only in

Britain. •  But Even with a flawed arrangement…

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process A Railroad to the East

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Provincial Status – Land Rights

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process A Railroad to the West

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Ferry Service to PEI

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Ontario wakes up to Resources

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Federal Provincial Battles

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Provincial Discord

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Ontario Wins

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Quebec Figures out the Land Game

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Believe it or Not Transfer Payments

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Tidying Things Up

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Not A Done Deal?

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Process Still Not Done

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

A Work in Progress

Confederation - Events - People - Significance

Another Story..

•  The Notwithstanding Clause of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms…

•  Next Term.