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What is Engineering?

Dr Sam Man Keong ( 岑文强 )CEng, FIET, FSIET(F)

Honorary SecretarySingapore Institute of Engineering Technologists

Email: sammk1951@gmail.com

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“Engineering :

The Career Field That Improves Our Quality of Life.”

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Marina Bay Sands with Singapore Merlion

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Singapore - View of the CBD skyline, City Hall, and Esplanade from the SkyPark

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View of Singapore Flyer from the SkyPark

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Highlights

• About the Speaker – Dr Sam Man Keong

• Overview of Engineering.

• A History of Engineering.

• Major Engineering Areas and Specialties.

• The Technology Team.

• Engineering Education in Singapore.

• The Engineering Profession in Singapore.

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Highlights

• What an Engineer does?

• What are Some Engineering Career Paths?

• Future Projections.

• Q & A.

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About the Speaker : Sam Man Keong ( 岑文强 )

• A Self-directed Lifelong Learner for more than 40 years.

• Have gone through both non-traditional & traditional education routes.

• Chartered Engineer (UK/Ireland/Australia)

• Chartered Builder(UK)• Chartered Environmentalist

(UK)• Chartered Mathematician(UK)• Chartered Scientist(UK).

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Overview of Engineering

• Most people have no idea what engineers do.

• Engineers create solutions to human problems using the principles discovered by scientists and mathematicians.

• They invent the things that we need, and they improve things that are not working well for us.

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What is Engineering?ASEE : Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize the materials and forces of nature, economically for the benefit of mankind.”

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Ten rewards of an engineer career

• 1. Job satisfaction.• 2. Variety of career

opportunities.• 3. Challenging work.• 4. Intellectual

development.• 5. Potential to benefit

society.

• 6. Financial security.• 7. Prestige.• 8. Professional

environment.• 9. Technological and

scientific discovery.• 10. Creative thinking.

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A History of Engineering

• First engineer known by name and achievement : Imhotep – built the famous stepped pyramid in Egypt circa 2550 B.C.

• Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans.

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Great Wall of China ( 万里长城 )

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A History of Engineering

• Medieval European engineers : Gothic arch and flying buttress.

• 1747 : first engineering school in France – the National School of Bridges and Highways.

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A History of Engineering

• John Smeaton (1724 – 1792), British designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse, was the first to actually call himself a civil engineer.

• Civil Mechanical Electrical and Electronics Chemical.

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The Institution of Civil Engineers's headquarters at One Great George Street , London [Founded in 1818]

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A History of Engineering

• Scientific and technological breakthroughs from 1900 to 2000: – artificial hearts, – airplanes, – computers, – lasers, – plastics, – space travel, – nuclear energy, and – television.

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Major Engineering Areas and Specialties

• Six ‘Core’ Areas of Engineering:– Chemical engineering– Civil engineering– Electrical and electronics engineering– Industrial engineering– Materials science engineering– Mechanical engineering

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Hoover Dam (1931-1936)

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Golden Gate Bridge (1933 – 1937)

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Sydney Harbour Bridge from Circular Quay (1923 – 1932)

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Three Gorges Dam( 长江三峡大坝 ) -China

(1994 – 2008)

Three Gorges Dam Francis turbine. Turbine diameter is 9.7/10.4 m (VGS design/Alstom's design) and rotation speed is 75 revolutions per minute. Rated power is 778 MVA, with a maximum of 840 MVA and a power factor of 0.9. The generator produces electrical power at 20  kV. The outer diameter of the generator stator is 21.4/20.9 m. The inner diameter is 18.5/18.8 m. 

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Major Engineering Areas and Specialties

• Specialties:– Aerospace engineering– Agricultural engineering– Automotive engineering– Biomedical engineering– Computer engineering– Environmental engineering– Manufacturing engineering– Petroleum engineering

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Control systems play a critical role in space flight

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Marina Bay Sands - Construction on 5 August 2009

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Jurong Island, photographed in February 2011 - Petrochemical industries

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Singapore –

Changi Airport Terminal 1

A Singapore Airlines Airbus A380 and a Northwest Airlines Boeing 747 at the airport

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A C751B train at Eunos MRT Station.

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Singapore Deep Tunnel Sewerage System - Contract T-06 (Queensway Tunnel) : The Queensway Tunnel comprises a 9.7km long and 30-45m deep bored tunnel of 3.3m internal diameter, including drop shaft, access shafts, work shafts and other underground wastewater structures.

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The Technology Team

• They link scientific discovery with day-to-day applications.

• Engineers are team players who improve products, processes, and services.

• The ‘technology team’ : scientists, engineers, technologists/technicians, and craftsworkers.

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The Technological Team

Scientists To discover knowledge.

Engineers

(PE; CEng)

Conceiving and planning efforts to apply scientific knowledge to solve problems.

Technologists/

Technicians

To see that engineer’s design or plan is implemented; concerned with doing.

Craftsworkers

(e.g. electricians, machinists)

Who use their hands and special skills

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Engineering Education in Singapore - Government

Level of Training Universities/Polytechnics/

ITEsProfessional Engineers

[PE/CEng(UK)]

NUS: BEng(4-year FT); BTech (PT for Poly Dip holders)

NTU : BEng (4-year FT; PT for Poly Dip holders)

Engineering Technologists/IEng(UK)

Polytechnics : SP; NP; TP; NYP; RP

[Dip : 3-year FT; AdvDip : 2-year PT]

Engineering Technicians ITEs : East Campus (Tampines); West Campus (CCK); Central Campus (AMK)

[Higher Nitec; Nitec]Tradesmen/Craftsmen

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Engineering Education in Singapore – Overseas Universities via local PEIs

Level of Training

OverseasUniversities & local PEIs

Professional Engineers

[CPEng(Australia)]

UniSA: BEng(Mechanical; Electrical) via Kaplan

UON : BEng (Electrical; Mechanical) via PSB Academy

RMIT : BEng(Mechanical) via SIC

Incorporated Engineers (UK)

Bradford : BEng(Electrical; Mechanical) via MDIS.

Hertfordshire : BEng (Electrical) via BMC

Coventry : BEng(Electrical) via Auston

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The Engineering Profession in Singapore.

• Professional Bodies:– Engineers : Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES)

[Founded : 1966]– Technologists/Technicians : Singapore Institute of

Engineering Technologists (SIET)[Founded: 1980]

• Professional Registration:– Professional Engineers Act– Building Control Act– Energy Act– Workplace Health & Safety Act

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What an Engineer does?

• Engineers plan, design, construct, and manage the use of natural and human resources.

• Major Functions:– Research– Development– Design– Construction– Production– Operation– Management

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What are Some Engineering Career Paths?

• Five primary career paths:– The Industry Career Path– The Consulting Career Path– The Government Career Path– The Academic Career Path– The Internet Career Path

• Other Career Paths for Engineers: law; management; etc

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Future Projections

• The changing economy and world events impact opportunities in engineering.

• New and emerging industries will create competition in a global market.

• The electronics and health-care industries are examples of growing industries that are providing new opportunities for engineers.

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Studying what interests you will most likely be easier, and therefore, you are more likely to do better in your course work.

However, the most important reason for pursuing what most interests you is that you will be more likely to be successful and satisfied with your career choice in the years to come.

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Questions & Answers

Thank YouThank You

The CPD to Success: C : Courage 勇气 ; 胆量P : Patience 忍耐 ; 耐性 ; Perseverance 毅力 ; 恒心D : Determination 决心 ; 意志