Post on 02-Jan-2016
Virtual Reality
Lecture2. Some VR Systems & Applications
고려대학교 그래픽스 연구실
Contents
• Graphical Input Devices• Some VR Systems• VR Applications• Problems
Graphical Input Devices
• Logical Input Devices
• 3D Input Devices
Logical Input Device Types
• Choice• Keyboard• Valuators• Locators
Choice
• Return a choice that has been made
• Examples : function keypad, button box, foot switch
• Often provide sensorial feedback : lights, clicks, feel,…
Button Box
Keyboard
• Returns keys with specific meanings• Letters, numbers, etc.
Valuators
• Returns a value for something• Example : knobs• Can usually specify gain, minimum, and
maximum• All locators can also double as valuators
Dial Box
Locators
• Return the location of the screen cursor• Examples : mouse, tablet, trackball, touchscre
en• Display-to-Input ratio
Locator Display-to-Input Ratio
• DTI Ratio : the amount of cursor movement on the screen divided by the amount of hand movement
• Large : good for speed• Small: Good for accuracy
Ways to Read an Input Device
• Sampling : What is its input right now?
• Event-based : Wait until the user does something
3D Input Devices
• Read a 3D position
• Return 3 numbers to the program : an (x,y,z) triple
• Some also return 3 more numbers to the program : three rotation angles
• Examples : digitizer, space ball, glove
3D Input Devices
3D Input Devices
Force Feedback in 3D
Force Feedback in 3D
Force Feedback in 2D
Some VR Systems
• Stereo Viewing• Shutter Glasses• Head Mounted Display• Head Tracking• Hand Tracking
Stereo Viewing
• Using Stereoscopic 3D perception• Measure the difference in angle from
each eye to the object • And, compute the distance to the object
( by an extremely sophisticated image processor in our brain )
Stereo Viewing
A stereo pair of Images
Head Mounted Display
• Use a separate monitor for each eye• Mounting small monitors in some sort of
head gear• Not VR yet by itself !!
Head Mounted Display
Head Tracking
• How the computer sense the position and orientation of your head in real time?
• Sense and record the position and orientation of each of the sensor
• Minimum capabilities to be called VR!
Head Tracking
Hand Tracking
• Finger actions could be used to control a program, just like a mouse of joystick …
• Ex) pushing virtual menu button, grabbing an object …
• Use a dataglove
Hand Tracking
Force Feedback
• Haptic feedback– Feeling the virtual world, not only viewing and inter
act thru hand motions..
• Haptic feedback glove– Use Hand actuators that could push back at you
Force Feedback
The CAVE
• Cave Automatic Virtual Environment
• Siggraph 92 Exibition
• Not a HMD, but a room where output of computer displays is projected onto the walls
• Projected images are in stereo by rapidly alternating between the two eye images for 3D effect ( A user wears a pair of stereo shutter glasses )
Some VR Applications
• Entertainment• Augmented Reality• Training• Remote Robotics• Distributed collaboration• Visualization
Entertainment
• Definitely the biggest market• The main force for driving down prices
on VR hardware• Ex) Game with other computers /
players
Entertainment
VR Gaming
Augmented Reality
• Bridging Virtual Environment and Real World
RealEnvironment
VirtualEnvironment
Augmented Reality
AugmentedVirtuality
Augmented Reality
Ultra sound Application
Virtual Surgery
Augmented Reality
Agent augmented realitylocation-aware interactive navigation/guidance system
Training
• When the cost of a mistake in Real Reality is very high
• Ex) Aircraft simulators, Train pilot training systems, Surgery simulator
Training
Flight simulator
Remote Robotics
Distributed collaboration
• More collaborative than by telephone or video conferencing
Virtual Conferencing
Distributed collaboration
Virtual Battles Collaborative Design
Visualization
• VR as a visualization research tool
Anyone in the room not wearing a display would not be
able to see the model at all
Problems
• Cost
• What’s it Good for?– None of the existing systems can solve
common everyday problems
• Display Resolution
• Update Speed