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INSTITUTO DEL PROFESORADO DEL CONSUDEC
Septimio Walsh
(V-5)
Profesorado en Informtica
Modalidad a Distancia
INGLS
Unidad 2
Autora del Material: Zulema Abreg Actualizacin: Lic. Karina Cenzabella
Prohibida su reproduccin total o parcial. Derechos reservados.
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Introduccin
La finalidad de esta asignatura es brindar a los alumnos los elementos para que
puedan comprender, interpretar y traducir manuales, folletos y textos especficos de
informtica del ingls al castellano, haciendo uso de conocimientos previos y de las
experiencias en dichos temas.
Para lograr este objetivo es importante el estudio comparativo de las gramtica de
ambas lenguas y el correcto uso del diccionario bilinge.
El material ha sido organizado en un orden de complejidad creciente a fin de que los
alumnos encuentren la menor cantidad de dificultades para el logro de los objetivos
propuestos por la docente.
Es por ello que, si bien un mdulo corresponde al bloque nominal y el otro al bloque
verbal, se incluyeron en el primer mdulo elementos que corresponden al segundo a fin
de que cuenten con algunos elementos necesarios para la tarea.
Requisitos para aprobar la materia:
Un trabajo prctico aprobado.
Un parcial domiciliario.
Examen final escrito presencial.
En todos los casos se podr consultar el diccionario, los glosarios de trminos informticos y
los apuntes sobre gramtica.
Metodologa:
Para lograr un buen aprendizaje les aconsejo tener en cuenta:
_ Cuando se realiza una traduccin lo que se transfiere de un idioma a otro son
ideas y no palabras.
_ Se debe ser fiel al original; dejar de lado lo superfluo, lo que nada agrega al
texto, conservando lo sustancial; evitar la repeticin.
_ Usar el diccionario: no dejarse llevar por la similitud de las palabras; buscar lo
que no se sabe o lo que no se sabe bien.
_ Antes de contestar las preguntas de la comprensin o de realizar la traduccin
se tiene que leer todo el texto, an cuando haya palabras que desconozcan.
Consulten sus dudas cada vez que sea necesario.
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UNIDAD 2: Bloque verbal
El VERBO
Clasificacin de los verbos
De acuerdo con su contenido:
1. Verbos que indican actividad
to walk: caminar
to eat: comer
2. Verbos que indican condicin
to sleep: dormir
to live: vivir
3. Verbos que indican cambio
to turn: volver / convertirse
to finish: acabar / terminar
Segn su empleo algunos verbos pueden pertenecer a ms de una categora.
Ej.:
They live in Paris. Viven en Pars. (indica condicin)
I want to live. Quiero vivir. (indica actividad)
De acuerdo con su funcin:
1. Verbos principales: son aquellos que contienen todo el significado del
predicado.
She gave him a present. Le hizo un regalo.
He can read. Sabe leer.
2. Verbos auxiliares: son aquellos que se emplean para la formacin de los
tiempos, modo, aspecto, voz y predicacin.
The boy didnt tell the truth. El chico no dijo la verdad.
They are leaving tomorrow. Se marchan maana
She has updated the antivirus. Ella ha actualizado el antivirus.
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3. Verbos modales: Tienen significado propio; comparten caractersticas de los verbos auxiliares.
She can swim very well. Sabe nadar muy bien
May I open the window, please? Puedo abrir la ventana, por favor?
De acuerdo con la forma:
Los verbos ingleses basan su conjugacin en tres formas nicamente que
representan el enunciado de un verbo. Son: infinitivo (to know), pretrito o
pasado (knew) y participio pasado (known).
Atendiendo a estos tres elementos bsicos, los verbos se clasifican en:
Regulares: Toman la terminacin -ed de inflexin, aadida a la raz o infinitivo
para formar el pretrito y el participio pasado.
To play played played (jugar, interpretar)
To study studied studied (estudiar)
Irregulares: Son verbos que tienen las tres formas iguales, dos formas
iguales y una desigual, las tres formas desiguales.
To cut cut cut (cortar)
To keep kept kept (guardar, conservar)
To drink drank drunk (beber)
To show showed shown (mostrar, ensear)
De acuerdo con su formacin:
Simples: Son aquellos que estn formados por una sola palabra.
To think pensar
To work trabajar
Compuestos: Estn formados por ms de una palabra.
To outdo aventajar
To overcome vencer
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Dentro de este grupo se encuentran tambin los verbos fraseolgicos
(phrasal verbs) y los preposicionales (prepositional verbs).
To look at mirar a / hacia (prepositional)
To come in entrar (phrasal)
Infinitivo s -ing pasado participio pasado go
(ir)
goes
(va)
going
(yendo)
went
(fue)
gone
(ido)
work
(trabajar)
works
(trabaja)
working
(trabajando)
worked
(trabaj)
worked
(trabajado)
Estas formas se combinan con los auxiliares y van a determinar los distintos tiempos
verbales. Los fundamentales son cuatro:
presente pasado futuro condicional o potencial
Y cuatro son las formas en que estos tiempos se combinan, a saber:
Los verbos auxiliares que empleamos en su formacin son:
To be (ser o estar) To have (haber) Do/did/does Will
Para formar los
tiempos continuos.
Para formar los
tiempos perfectivos.
Para formar el
negativo e
interrogativo del
presente y pasado
simple.
Para el
tiempo futuro
simple.
simple continuada perfectiva perfectiva continuada
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Verbo To Be
Presente
simple
Pasado
simple
Futuro
simple
I am You are He is She is It is We are You are
They are
I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were
I will be You will be He will be She will be It will be We will be You will be They will be
Verbo To Have (haber - como auxiliar)
Do - Does - Did (auxiliares para formar el negativo e interrogativo del Presente y
Pasado Simples)
Presente Simple Pasado Simple
I do (not) I did (not)
You do (not) You did (not)
He does (not) He did (not)
She does (not) She did (not)
It does (not) It did (not)
We do (not) We did (not)
You do (not) You did (not)
They do (not) They did (not)
Presente
simple
Pasado
simple
Futuro
simple
I have You have He has She has It has We have You have They have
I had You had He had She had It had We had You had They had
I will have You will have He will have She will have It will have We will have You will have They will have
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TIEMPOS VERBALES
Tiempos Simples
Presente Simple:
Este tiempo se utiliza para describir una accin habitual. Todas las personas
tienen la misma forma con excepcin de las tercera persona del singular a la que
se le agrega una s es de acuerdo a la terminacin del verbo.
I sleep (yo) duermo
You sleep (usted) duerme
He sleeps (l ) duerme
She sleeps (ella) duerme
It sleeps (el gato-) duerme
We sleep (nosotros/as) dormimos
You sleep (ustedes) duermen
They sleep (ellos/as) duermen
Para preguntar se usa el auxiliar DO para todas las personas, salvo en las
terceras personas del singular que llevan el auxiliar DOES
Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa Forma Interrogativa
I work
(trabajo)
I do not work
(no trabajo)
Do I work?
(trabajo?)
You work do not work Do you work?
He works does not work Does he work?
She works does not work Does she work?
It works does not work Does it work?
We work do not work Do we work?
You work do not work Do you work?
They work do not work Do they work?
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En conversaciones es muy comn contraer do not y does not por dont y
doesnt, respectivamente.
Pasado Simple:
Este tiempo verbal describe una accin pasada.
En el pasado simple se usa el mismo verbo auxiliar para todas las personas.
La forma negativa e interrogativa se forma con el
auxiliar did + la forma base del verbo.
Ej. :
I did not (= didnt) listen to her. (No la escuch.)
He did not study for the exam. (No estudi para el examen.)
Did you understand the problem? (Entendi el problema?)
Where did they go yesterday? (Adnde fueron ayer?)
.........
Consultar lista de verbos irregulares (pgina 22) * ............
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Futuro Simple:
Se forma con el auxiliar will seguido de la forma base del verbo principal; es igual
para todas las personas.
Ej.
I will get the scholarship. (Obtendr la beca.)
You will work in this office. ( Trabajar/s en esta oficina.)
We will study it very carefully. (Lo estudiaremos cuidadosamente.)
She will type the report. (Escribir el informe a mquina/en computadora.)
Para formar el interrogativo, invertimos el orden del auxiliar y verbo principal:
Will you finish the report soon? (Terminar el informe pronto?)
Will they arrive on time? (Llegarn a tiempo?)
Para formar el negativo se agrega "not "al auxiliar:
I will not see you. (No lo ver.)
We will not be here tomorrow. (No estaremos aqu maana.)
Tiempos Continuos
Todos los tiempos continuos se forman con el verbo "TO BE" y la forma "-ing"
del verbo principal. Presente Continuo
I am writing. (Estoy escribiendo.)
They are studying. (Estn estudiando.)
Is she working in the new department? (Est trabajando en la nueva
seccin?)
He is not studying there. (No est estudiando all.)
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Pasado Continuo
She was studying for the exam. (Estaba estudiando para el examen.)
They were repairing the computer. (Estaban arreglando la computadora.)
Were they working? (Estaban trabajando?)
He was not repairing the system. (No estaba arreglando el sistema.)
Tiempos Perfectivos
Se forman con el auxiliar "TO HAVE" y el participio pasado del verbo principal.
Presente Perfecto
have / has + participio pasado del verbo principal.
En el caso de los verbos regulares, el participio pasado es igual al pasado
simple, es decir, se agrega "-ed" o "-d". En el caso de los verbos irregulares, es la
tercera columna.
Ej.
She has typed the report. (Ha escrito el informe a mquina/en computadora.)
They have changed the computers. (Han cambiado las computadoras.)
I have been here before. (He estado aqu antes.)
La negacin se forma agregando "NOT" despus de HAVE / HAS, y la
interrogacin invirtiendo el orden del auxiliar y el sujeto.
I have not telephoned her. (No la llam por telfono/ No la he llamado
por telfono.)
She has not arrived yet. ( Todava no lleg/ No ha llegado todava.)
Have you seen her today? (Hoy la vio?/ La ha visto hoy?.)
Has he studied for the test? (Estudi para la prueba?/Ha estudiado
para la prueba?)
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Pasado Perfecto
"had" + el participio pasado del verbo principal.
El negativo se forma agregando "NOT" despus de "HAD", y el interrogativo
invirtiendo el orden del auxiliar y el sujeto.
When I arrived, the manager had left (Cuando llegu, el gerente se haba ido)
When she left, I had eaten my sandwich. (Cuando se fue, me haba comido
mi sandwich.)
When he arrived, they had not finished the report. (Cuando lleg, no haban
terminado el informe.)
Had they remembered the meeting when he telephoned?. (Se haban acordado
de la reunin cuando l llam?)
LOS VERBOIDES
FORMA "-ing"
PREPOSICION + -ING se traduce PREPOSICION + INFINITIVO
It is a device for controlling the cursor.
Es un dispositivo para controlar el cursor.
The flowchart shows the path the computer will follow in executing the
program.
El diagrama de flujo muestra la ruta que seguir la computadora al
ejecutar el programa.
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BY + ING cuando indique la manera de realizar algo.
With this program you can select hundreds of pictures simply by moving the
mouse.
Con este programa puede seleccionar cientos de dibujos simplemente moviendo el
mouse.
No traducimos la preposicin; el verbo se traduce con la terminacin "ando",
"endo".
Al comienzo de la oracin se traduce como sustantivo o infinitivo
Programming is very interesting.
La programacin es muy interesante.
Programar es muy interesante.
SUSTANTIVO+ ING se traduce SUSTANTIVO + QUE + VERBO
Programs are instructions telling the computer what operations have to be
carried out.
Los programas son instrucciones que le indican a la computadora que
operaciones se deben realizar.
AFTER / BEFORE + ING se traduce DESPUES / ANTES DE + INFINITIVO
I often listen to music after working.
A menudo escucho msica despus de trabajar.
INFINITIVO puede traducirse:
A + INFINITIVO
I stopped for a few minutes to rest.
Me detuve un momento a descansar.
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PARA + INFINITVO
She went to England to know more about British culture.
Fue a Inglaterra para conocer ms sobre la cultura britnica.
DE + INFINITIVO
He tried to forget the incident.
Trat de olvidar el incidente.
QUE + VERBO CONJUGADO
They don't permit people to smoke.
No permiten que la gente fume.
The rate of inflation is expected to rise.
Se espera que aumente el ndice de inflacin.
MODO IMPERATIVO
Afirmativo: Se forma con el infinitivo sin "to" colocado al comienzo de la oracin y
sin el pronombre personal.
Unplug electrical appliances before repairing them.
Desenchufe los artefactos elctricos antes de arreglarlos.
Negativo: Se comienza la oracin con do not / don't seguido por el infinitivo sin "to".
Do not ( don't )press the return key.
No presione la tecla "return".
Imperativo con "LET": Se forma con "let's" (let us) seguido del infinitivo sin "to".
Let's follow the instructions.
Sigamos las instrucciones.
Let's read the summary.
Leamos el resumen.
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VOZ PASIVA
EL SUJETO DE LA VOZ PASIVA ES EL OBJETO DE LA VOZ ACTIVA
V. Pasiva: This house was built in 1486. Esta casa se construy en 1486.
sujeto
V. Activa: They built this house in 1486. Construyeron esta casa en 1486.
objeto
La voz pasiva se utiliza cuando nos interesa enfatizar quin o qu recibe la accin
del verbo, en lugar de quin o qu realiza la accin.
La estructura de la voz pasiva es: VERBO "TO BE" + PARTICIPIO PASADO
TIEMPO DE LA VOZ
PASIVA
ESTRUCTURA
EJEMPLO
Presente Simple am/is/are + participio pasado English is spoken here.
Presente Continuo am/is/are being + pp The house is being painted.
Pasado Simple was/were + pp I wasn't invited, but I went.
Pasado Continuo was/were being + pp I felt I was being watched.
Presente Perfecto have/has been +pp Has Mary been told?
Pasado Perfecto had been + pp I knew I had been forgotten.
Futuro Simple will be + pp You will be told soon.
Verbos modales
(pgina 18)
can/could/must/should
be + pp
The car should be
repaired.
Cuando en la oracin pasiva no aparece "by", la traduccin es impersonal:
SE + VERBO CONJUGADO
The plan is called a flow chart. El plan se llama diagrama de flujo.
Hundreds of megabytes of software can be recorded on one disk.
Cientos de megabytes de software se pueden grabar en un disco.
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Cuando en la oracin pasiva aparece "by", la traduccin es literal:
The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
El telfono fue inventado por Graham Bell.
Manchester were beaten 3-0 by Liverpool yesterday.
Ayer Manchester fue derrotado 3-0 por Liverpool.
Cuando la voz pasiva va seguida de un infinitivo, se traduce:
VOZ PASIVA IMPERSONAL (SE) + QUE + VERBO CONJUGADO
You are supposed to know the answer.
Se supone que conoces la respuesta.
Esta traduccin slo se realiza con verbos tales como: say, suppose, think,
assume, consider, believe, etc.
Cuando se utilizan otros verbos la traduccin se efecta de la siguiente manera:
It is used to store information.
Se utiliza para almacenar informacin.
USOS ESPECIALES DE "BE", "HAVE", "DO"
BE
* Cuando deseamos enfatizar ideas presentes con intencin, seguridad o planes de
que se cumplan en el futuro, utilizamos la construccin: BE + GOING TO + VERB
Next year is going to be different. El ao prximo va a ser diferente.
It is going to rain: look at those clouds.
Va a llover: mire esas nubes.
They were going to buy a ink-jet printer but finally they bought a laser one.
Iban a comprar una impresora a chorro de tinta pero finalmente compraron
una lser.
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* Como equivalente de "must" en la construccin: BE TO + VERBO
You are to stop smoking or you will die.
Debes dejar de fumar o te morirs.
* Tambin puede traducirse "ir a" segn el contexto en que se emplee.
She is to come tomorrow.
Va a venir maana.
* Se traduce "es probable que" en la siguiente construccin: BE LIKELY + VERBO
It is likely to rain.
Es probable que llueva.
The virus is likely to damage data on the disk.
Es probable que el virus dae los datos del disco. * Se traduce "haber " o "existir" en la construccin:
THERE + BE There is no water on the moon.
No hay agua en la luna.
There were many children sleeping in the street.
Haba muchos nios durmiendo en la calle.
* Se traduce "tener" en casos como:
She is fifteen years old. It is 50 cm wide.
Tiene quince aos. Tiene 50 cm de ancho.
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HAVE
* En la construccin:
HAVE + OBJETO + PARTICIPIO PASADO
I had my watch repaired.
Hice arreglar mi reloj.
They will have their house decorated next week.
Harn decorar su casa la prxima semana.
* Se traduce como equivalente de "must" (obligacin) en la estructura:
HAVE TO + VERBO
You have to pay in advance.
Debe pagar por adelantado.
They have to go to London for a meeting.
Deben ir a una reunin en Londres.
La diferencia entre el uso de "must" y "have to" reside en que en el caso de
"must" la obligacin es sentida por el sujeto, mientras que en la expresin "have
to" la obligacin viene desde afuera.
I must stop smoking.
Debo dejar de fumar. (es mi deseo)
I have to stop smoking.
Debo dejar de fumar. (por indicacin del mdico)
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DO
* Se utiliza para enfatizar el verbo y se traduce "ciertamente", "realmente", en la
estructura:
DO + VERBO
I said I was going to win, and I did win.
Dije que iba a ganar y ciertamente gan.
I do feel ill!
Realmente me siento enferma.
VERBOS ESPECIALES (MODAL VERBS)
SHOULD
* Se traduce: deber, debera, debiera
People should drive more carefully.
La gente debera manejar con ms cuidado.
OUGHT TO + VERBO
* Puede utilizarse con un significado similar a "should":
We ought to discuss the problem.
Debemos discutir el problema.
MUST
* Se utiliza para rdenes, consejos u opiniones y se traduce "deber":
Passengers must not speak to the driver.
Los pasajeros no deben hablar con el conductor.
He must realise that he is in trouble.
Debe darse cuenta de que est en problemas.
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CAN
* Se traduce "poder" y se puede utilizar con el sentido de:
a) habilidad b) permiso, requerimientos, ofrecimientos:
She can speak English quite well.
Puede hablar ingls bastante bien.(habilidad)
You can't come into my room.
No puedes entrar en mi cuarto.(permiso)
Can you put the children to bed?
Puede acostar a los nios?(requerimiento)
MAY
* Se utiliza con el sentido b) de "can", pero es ms formal y menos frecuente:
May I help you, sir?
Puedo ayudarlo, seor?
May I use your phone?
Puedo usar su telfono? COULD
* Se utiliza con el mismo sentido que "can" y se traduce "podra":
Could I pay you tomorrow?
Podra pagarle maana?
MIGHT
* Se utiliza para indicar una posibilidad ms remota que usando "may" y
tambin se traduce "podra":
My mother might be at home now.
Mi madre podra estar en casa ahora.
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FALSOS GOGNADOS
Son palabras que tienen la misma forma en ingls y espaol pero distinto
significado.
Ability: capacidad, destreza, aptitud
Actual: verdadero, real
Actually: en realidad
Assume: suponer
College: facultad
Billion: mil millones
Compass: brjula
Consistent: constante, consecuente
Eventually: finalmente
Exit: salida
File: archivo, fichero
Implications: consecuencias, efectos, repercusiones
Lecture: conferencia
Library: biblioteca
Notice: aviso
Regular: habitual, normal
Simple: sencillo, ordinario
Por supuesto que esta lista es bastante ms amplia y estos "falsos amigos"
pueden llevarnos a cometer graves errores no slo de traduccin sino de
comprensin. Recordemos en estos casos que "las apariencias engaan".
Concluimos aqu el estudio comparativo de la gramtica de ambas lenguas.
El estudio no se agota en los temas que hemos visto pero, al menos, dichos
temas permitirn que podamos cumplir con los objetivos que nos propusimos al
comenzar esta asignatura.
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Vocabulario especfico del rea informtica
En los siguientes artculos encontrarn los verbos, adjetivos y adverbios ms utilizados
en los textos tcnicos resaltados en color azul. Algunos de ellos son palabras
transparentes, es decir, se ven igual o casi igual a su traduccin en castellano. Usen
estos prrafos para crear su propia lista de verbos de referencia, para poder
consultar en el futuro a modo de mini-diccionario.
Software Maintenance
In software engineering, software maintenance is the process of enhancing and
optimizing deployed software (software release), as well as remedying defects.
Software maintenance is one of the phases in the software development process,
and follows deployment of the software into the field. The software
maintenance phase involves changes to the software in order to correct
defects and deficiencies found during field usage as well as the addition of new
functionality to improve the software's usability and applicability.
Software maintenance involves a number of specific techniques. One
technique is static slicing, which is used to identify all the program codes that
can modify some variable. It is generally useful in refactoring program codes and
was specifically useful in assuring Y2K compliance. The software maintenance
phase is an explicit part of the waterfall model of the software development
process which was developed during the structured programming movement of
computer programming. The other major model, the spiral model developed during
the object oriented movement of software engineering, makes no explicit mention
of a maintenance phase. Nevertheless, this activity is notable, considering the
fact that two-thirds of a software system's lifetime cost involves maintenance.
In a formal software development environment, the developing organization or team
will have some mechanisms to document and track defects and deficiencies.
Software just like most other products, is typically released with a known set of
defects and deficiencies. The software is released with the issues because the
development organization decides the utility and value of the software at a
particular level of quality outweighs the impact of the known defects and
deficiencies.
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The known issues are normally documented in a letter of operational considerations
or release notes so that the users of the software will be able to work around the
known issues and will know when the use of the software would be
inappropriate for particular tasks.
With the release of the software, other undocumented defects and deficiencies
will be discovered by the users of the software. As these issues are reported to
the development organization, they will be entered into the defect tracking system.
The people involved in the software maintenance phase are expected to work on
these known issues, address them, and prepare for a new release of the software,
known as maintenance release, which will address the documented issues.
LIST OF VERBS (Basic)
Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past y el Past Participle agregando -ed al infinitivo.
Los verbos irregulares no siguen esta regla (se encuentran marcados con i ). *
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish
answer answered answered responder
arrive arrived arrived llegar
ask asked asked preguntar
be i was / were been ser
borrow borrowed borrowed tomar prestado
break i broke broken romper
buy i bought bought comprar
catch i caught caught atrapar
clean cleaned cleaned limpiar
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climb climbed climbed escalar
collect collected collected coleccionar
come i came come venir
compose composed composed componer
cook cooked cooked cocinar
cut i cut cut cortar
dance danced danced bailar
describe described described describir
discover discovered discovered descubrir
do i did done hacer
drink i drank drunk beber
drive i drove driven conducir
eat i ate eaten comer
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed disfrutar
fall i fell fallen caer
feel i felt felt sentir
find i found found encontrar
fly i flew flown volar
forget i forgot forgotten olvidar
give i gave given dar
go i went gone ir
happen happened happened suceder
have i had had tener
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
24
help helped helped ayudar
hurt i hurt hurt herir, doler
invent invented invented inventar
invite invited invited invitar
kill killed killed matar
know i knew known saber
lend i lent lent prestar
leave i left left dejar
lie i lay lain yacer
like liked liked gustar
live lived lived vivir
look looked looked mirar
love loved loved amar
make i made made hacer
meet i met met conocer, encontrar
miss missed missed perder, extraar
open opened opened abrir
pack packed packed empacar
pay i paid paid pagar
phone phoned phoned llamar por telfono
play played played jugar
prefer preferred preferred preferir
prepare prepared prepared preparar
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
25
push pushed pushed empujar
put i put put poner
rain rained rained llover
read i read read leer
remember remembered remembered recordar
rent rented rented alquilar
rescue rescued rescued rescatar
return returned returned volver, devolver
ring i rang rung llamar por telfono
save saved saved ahorrar
say i said said decir
search searched searched buscar
see i saw seen ver
sell i sold sold vender
sit i sat sat sentarse
skate skated skated patinar
ski skied skied esquiar
sleep i slept slept dormir
smell smelled smelled oler
speak i spoke spoken hablar
spend i spent spent gastar
start started started comenzar
stay stayed stayed quedarse
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
26
stop stopped stopped detener
study studied studied estudiar
survive survived survived sobrevivir
swim i swam swum nadar
take i took taken tomar
talk talked talked hablar
teach i taught taught ensear
tell i told told decir
think i thought thought pensar
throw i threw thrown lanzar
touch touched touched tocar
try tried tried intentar
use used used usar
visit visited visited visitar
wait waited waited esperar
walk walked walked caminar
want wanted wanted querer
wash washed washed lavar
watch watched watched mirar
wear i wore worn llevar puesto
work worked worked trabajar
write i wrote written escribir
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
27
LIST OF VERBS (Advanced)
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish
add added added agregar
answer answered answered responder
apologise apologised apologised disculparse
arrest arrested arrested arrestar
arrive arrived arrived llegar
ask asked asked preguntar
attack attacked attacked atacar
be i was / were been ser
become i became become convertirse
begin i began begun comenzar
believe believed believed creer
boil boiled boiled hervir
book booked booked reservar
borrow borrowed borrowed tomar prestado
break i broke broken romper
bring i brought brought traer
build i built built construir
buy i bought bought comprar
catch i caught caught atrapar
carry carried carried llevar
change changed changed cambiar
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
28
chop chopped chopped picar
clean cleaned cleaned limpiar
climb climbed climbed escalar
collect collected collected colleccionar
come i came come venir
compose composed composed componer
cook cooked cooked cocinar
copy copied copied copiar
cut i cut cut cortar
dance danced danced bailar
describe described described describir
destroy destroyed destroyed destruir
die died died morir
discover discovered discovered descubrir
discuss discussed discussed discutir
do i did done hacer
draw i drew drawn dibujar
dream i dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed soar
drink i drank drunk beber
drive i drove driven conducir
dye dyed dyed teir
eat i ate eaten comer
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed disfrutar
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
29
explode exploded exploded explotar
extinguish extinguished extinguished extinguirse
fall i fell fallen caer
feed i fed fed alimentar
feel i felt felt sentir
fight i fought fought pelear
find i found found encontrar
fly i flew flown volar
forget i forgot forgotten olvidar
freeze i froze frozen congelar
fry fried fried frer
give i gave given dar
go i went gone ir
grow i grew grown crecer
happen happened happened suceder
hate hated hated odiar
have i had had tener
hear i heard heard or
help helped helped ayudar
hire hired hired alquilar
hope hoped hoped esperar
hunt hunted hunted cazar
hurt i hurt hurt herir, doler
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
30
imagine imagined imagined imaginar
invent invented invented inventar
invite invited invited invitar
jump jumped jumped saltar
keep i kept kept guardar
kill killed killed matar
know i knew known saber
leave i left left dejar
lend i lent lent prestar
lie i lay lain yacer
lie lied lied mentir
lift lifted lifted levantar
like liked liked gustar
listen listened listened escuchar
live lived lived vivir
look looked looked mirar
lose i lost lost perder
love loved loved amar
make i made made hacer
meet i met met conocer, encontrar
miss missed missed perder, extraar
offer offered offered ofrecer
open opened opened abrir
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
31
pack packed packed empacar
pass passed passed pasar, aprobar
pay i paid paid pagar
peel peeled peeled pelar
phone phoned phoned llamar por telfono
plan planned planned planificar
play played played jugar
pour poured poured verter
prefer preferred preferred preferir
prepare prepared prepared preparar
push pushed pushed empujar
put i put put poner
rain rained rained llover
read i read read leer
reduce reduced reduced reducir
remember remembered remembered recordar
rent rented rented alquilar
rescue rescued rescued rescatar
return returned returned volver, devolver
ring i rang rung llamar por telfono
run i ran run correr
save saved saved ahorrar
say i said said decir
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
32
search searched searched buscar
send i sent sent enviar
scream screamed screamed gritar
see i saw seen ver
sell i sold sold vender
shine i shone shone brillar
shut i shut shut cerrar
sing i sang sung cantar
sit i sat sat sentarse
skate skated skated patinar
ski skied skied esquiar
sleep i slept slept dormir
smell smelled smelled oler
snore snored snored roncar
speak i spoke spoken hablar
spend i spent spent gastar
start started started comenzar
stay stayed stayed quedarse
steal i stole stolen robar
stop stopped stopped detener
study studied studied estudiar
survive survived survived sobrevivir
swim i swam swum nadar
Profesorado del CONSUDEC Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
33
take i took taken tomar
talk talked talked hablar
teach i taught taught ensear
tell i told told decir
thank thanked thanked agradecer
think i thought thought pensar
throw i threw thrown lanzar
touch touched touched tocar
try tried tried intentar
use used used usar
visit visited visited visitar
wait waited waited esperar
walk walked walked caminar
want wanted wanted querer
warn warned warned advertir
wash washed washed lavar
watch watched watched mirar
wear i wore worn llevar puesto
win i won won ganar
work worked worked trabajar
write i wrote written escribir
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