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Fragmented Words on Simplicity and Possibly Agile

关于“简单”及“敏捷”的片言片语

Bill Li 李国彪Daniel Teng 滕振宇

@ Scrum Forum 2009, Hangzhou

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Simplicity: 毕加索画牛 Picasso在美术的范畴内，抽象可能是美的也可能是丑的。抽象的表现是最简单省力的，也是最复杂费力的。

毕加索终生喜欢画牛。年轻时他画的牛体形庞大，有血有肉，威武雄壮。但随着年龄的增长，他画的牛越来越突显筋骨。到他八十多岁时，他画的牛只有瘳瘳数笔，乍看上去就象一副牛的骨架。那些牛的外在的皮毛、血肉全没有了，只剩一副具有牛的神韵的骨架了。

我们看到了创造抽象艺术品的主要法则：做减法。

http://gb.cri.cn/18504/2008/02/22/342@1952633.htm

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毕加索画牛：化繁为简的过程

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白石老人：画虾

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白石老人：画虾“虾的精神状态，虾的有弹力的透明体，虾在水中浮游的动势。把艺术造型的“形”“质”“动”三个要素完满的表现出来，这样丰富的内容，齐白石先生用的是及简练的笔墨，不能多一笔，也不能少一笔，一笔一笔可以数得出来。”——叶浅予

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元青花

青花“鬼谷下山”罐

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元青花2005 年 7 月 12 日，英国伦敦拍卖了一件“鬼谷下山”元青花大罐，当时的成交价折合人民币是 2.3 亿，以当天的国际牌价可以买两吨黄金。 以体积而论，这件元青花是全世界范围内最贵的瓷器；单件工艺品的最高价，也是这件元青花创造的。中国古代陶瓷艺术在世界上的地位非常高，全世界的人用金钱表示对我们文化的尊重。

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LOHAS 乐活现代人活得匆忙，便来不及思考。这种忙碌的复杂的生活究竟是不是我们想要的？换一种生活方式，是不是就会打乱一切秩序？这样的生活是否能够创造一个我们需要的明天？

对于生活环境，很多人至今所关心的还停留在“危险、有害”的危机感上，强调的是“什么不能做、不能吃”，相比之下，“乐活族”则强调努力主动争取健康、快乐的日子。认为关心环境生态，等于关心自己。“乐活”首先是一种生活态度，然后作为一种健康的生活方式。http://ask.koubei.com/question/1407011013340.html

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LOHAS 乐活这并不是一个刚刚兴起的运动，由于“乐活族”的生活方式既简单又时尚，已经迅速席卷全球。据统计，目前在美国每 4 人中就有一人是“乐活族”，欧洲约是三分之一。

他们吃健康食品与有机野菜，穿天然材质棉麻衣物，利用二手用品，骑脚踏车或步行，练瑜伽健身，听心灵音乐，注重个人成长，这群人通过消费和衣食住行的生活实践，希望自己心情愉悦、身体健康、光彩照人。

关注他们不仅仅是因为他们日渐壮大，更主要的是他们倡导的生活方式———一种关注健康的和可持续发展的生活方式！

http://ask.koubei.com/question/1407011013340.html

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MUJI 无印良品

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MUJI 无印良品无印良品理念

“合理就便宜”——其产品追求自然的风格﹑简朴的设计并结合了生活的实用性。创业 25 年以来，“合理就便宜”这一理念已被证实符合时代发展，这种价廉物美﹑高品质﹑不化哨的产品及其倡导的生活方式受到消费者的广泛支持。

材料的选择

“无印良品”皆在开发好吃又利于健康的食品﹑穿着舒适的服装﹑以及让生活变得更加便利的小物件，将生活中不起眼的东西经改良后成为实用而独特的优质低成本产品

工艺的检测

无印良品对每件有关产品本质的商品都有相当严格的检测的程序，通过多重检测的产品才能得以销售，但同时为保证原材料的充分利用，不产生浪费，经过科学鉴定，对不影响商品本质的多余检测程序予以省略，力求消减成本﹑真正做到产品的品质才是根本所在。

包装的简洁

无印良品不讲究外包装，强调以商品本色示人，不做过分的包装修饰，多采用有统一性的，简洁的打包出售方式，既简洁商品又节省地球资源，真正做到价廉物美﹑简洁环保﹑品质至上。

http://www.muji.com.cn/Philosophy.html

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MUJI 无印良品“无印良品出品的商品，在设计上是简单无华的，但我们不是一味地在奉行极简主义而已。因为无印良品这个品牌，就像是个空的容器一般，能够接受不同的观点，也能够无拘无束的发挥。我们追求「简约无华」的概念落实在很多事物上，像是在制程中节省能源、产品价格实在、设计造型简单、质地自然…等。无印良品希望在各方面都能做到「简约无华」，将价值的真实意义还原。”http://www.muji.com.cn/Philosophy.html

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Google 谷歌

简单易用、响应快、质量高、可靠……

Search, Chrome, Earth, Maps, Mail, Calendar, Talk, Docs……My Goodness!

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Apple 苹果

Image from Apple.com.cn

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GE 通用电气 :Big & Simple

Interview with Jack Welch in 1989:

“Despite the complexity of GE’s global business, Welch insists that Simplicity is key to success: delayering, streamlining, and asking targeted questions.”

“Business isn’t complicated." he says. “The complications arise when people are cut off from information they need.”

Speed, Simplicity, Self-Confidence: An Interview with Jack Welch, by Noel Tichy and Ram Charan, Harvard Business Review, 1989

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GE: Business Characteristics• Lean—Reduce tasks and the people required to do them

• Agile—Create fast decision making in rapidly changing world through improved communication and increased individual response

• Creative—Increase customer satisfaction and operating margins through higher-value products and services

• Ownership—Self-confidence to trust others. Self-confidence to delegate to others the freedom to act.

• Reward—#1 business should provide #1 people with #1 opportunity

Speed, Simplicity, Self-Confidence: An Interview with Jack Welch, by Noel Tichy and Ram Charan, Harvard Business Review, 1989

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Welch’s 5 Keys

• Candor—Everybody should look for opportunities to make change rather than issue rosy forecasts and hope for the best.

• Simplicity—You’ve got to have it if you want your organization to be effective.

• Self-confidence— “Frightened, nervous managers use thick, convoluted planning books and busy slides.” Welch notes.

• Two-way communication• Evaluation and reward—We have to know if our peopl

e are open and self-confident, if they believe in honest communication and quick action.

Speed, Simplicity, Self-Confidence: An Interview with Jack Welch, by Noel Tichy and Ram Charan, Harvard Business Review, 1989

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XP—from Kent Beck

The 2nd XP value is simplicity:“What is the simplest thing that could possibly work?”

“XP is making a bet. It is betting that it is better to do a simple thing today and pay a little more tomorrow to change it if it needs it, than to do a more complicated thing today that may never be used anyway.”

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XP—from Kent Beck

Travel light---You can’t expect to carry a lot of baggage and move fast. The artifacts we maintain should be:

• Few

• Simple

• Valuable

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其他关于简单的名人名言• 聪明的“傻子”总愿意把事情搞大，弄复

杂。我们需要一种天分以及极大的勇气去把事情做简单。– 爱因斯坦

• 很容易就会有一个复杂的想法。但是有一个简单想法却十分困难。 - Carver Mead

• 完美，并不是不能再加，而是不能再减。• 把简单的事情做好就是不简单。 - 海尔张瑞敏

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“ 过”是一种浪费• 更多的投入• 更难理解• 更高的沟通成本• 更高的维护成本

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体现“简单”• 简单设计• 渐进式需求• 渐进式架构• 简单的沟通及管理工具• 轻量的过程• 简单的组织结构• ……

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简单设计• 你永远不会需要它， You Aren't Gonna Ne

ed It (YAGNI)• 不要重复自己， DRY (Don’t Repeat Yours

elf)• 清晰的代码 Self-Documenting Code

– 在写代码注释之前，问一下你的伙伴怎样能够把代码写的不言自明

–注释不错，但是它是不是说明你的代码有些复杂了

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渐进式需求Sprint

发布

优先级

高

低

未来的发布

价值成本风险知识

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渐进式架构• 从最简单的设计开始• 随着软件需求的演进而演进• 重要的认识导致突破，从而导致设计的重

大修改• 在优秀的架构设计与商业价值之间平衡

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简单的工具• 白板、玻璃墙• 彩色白板笔• 报事贴（不同颜色与大小）• 彩色磁吸• 索引卡片（ Index cards)• 数码相机• Excel• Wiki• Skype 、 Gtalk• ……

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轻量的过程

• Scrum 的会议与工件

用减法的方法创建 Scrum框架能否再减？

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简单的组织结构

• PO ＋ Cross-Functional Team ＋ ScrumMaster

距离并不产生美！（开发团队与客户及用户的距离，内部人员

之间的距离）

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关于“简单”，请与大家分享您的实践经验或者生活与工作中的体会

Sense & Simplicity: 精于心，简于形---Philips