Post on 17-Jan-2016
Global Warming Opens Pandora’s box A Study of Parasite: Schistosoma(血吸虫 )
Cheng Zhang(张程)8-year Program, Clinical Medicine
Tutor: Pro. Weiqing PanChairman of WHO Gene Synthesis & Express Cooperation Center
The Thaw (解冻)
1. Epidemic Status
2. Influence of Global Warming
3. Our Work
1. Epidemic Status
Neglected Tropical Disease
The PLoS Blog. 2015. Neglected Tropical Diseases: Challenges for the Post-2015 Development Era.
Soil-Transmitted Helminth, STH
Buruli Ulcer
Chagas disease Dengue
Dracunculiasis
Echinococcosis, ECHFood-Borne Trematode Infections, FBT
Human African Trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Leprosy
Lymphatic FilariasisRabies
Schistosomiasis, SCH (血吸虫病)
Cysticercosis Taeniasis, CT
Trachoma
Yaws
Schistosoma (血吸虫)
Blood
Major Parasitic Diseases
WHO. 2010. First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases.
1950s
China Disability Reported productivity loss
Malaria >30 M — —
Schistosomiasis >10 M >2 M
The disability rate was regarded as the most
important. A total of 45.4 days off-work lost per
infected person/year was obtained.
Ancylostomiasis >50 M >1 M More than US$ 40 per treated person. Deworming
may increase adult income by 40%.
Filariasis >30 M >6 M
Annual economic burden of lymphatic filariasis
measured in lost productivity reported in 1998 was
about US$ 1.7 billion in 2008. Lymphatic filariasis
causes almost US$ 1.3 billion/year in lost
productivity.
Leishmaniasis >0.5 M — —
千村薜荔人遗矢,
万户萧疏鬼唱歌。
— 毛泽东《送瘟神》
Lancet. 2014. Human Schistosomiasis.
(日本血吸虫)
Schistosoma japonicum
Cercariae (尾蚴) The child form of the parasite which looks like a tadpole.
<10 sInfested Water
Nature Review.
DefinitiveHost( 终宿主 )
Epidermis human skin
Cercariae
Frequent Contact With Water
Swimmer’s Itch (游泳者痒疹) /Cercarial Dermatitis (尾蚴性皮
炎) Dermatitis (皮炎) .
Itching and breaking of skin.
Raised papules (丘疹) .
Secondary infections.
Pathology
( 肝门静脉 )
300-3000 eggs
Pathology Granulomatous Responses (肉芽肿)
Portal hypertension
Collateral circulation( 侧支循环 )
Esophageal varices( 食管静脉曲张 )
Hepatosplenomegaly( 肝脾肿大 )
Cachexia( 恶病质 )
Results
Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology
2. Global Warming
Mean January Temperatures Across China
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008. 78(2), pp. 188–194.
Snail Temperatures have a
significant effect on the survival of the interme-diate host: snail.
Acta Tropica. 2005. Control of schistosomiasis in China.
The Risk & Predicted Risk Map
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008. 78(2), pp. 188–194.
2000 2030 2050
Highly epidemic and seriously neglected
Global warming opens Pandora’s box
Acute cases increased 22% than 2002
I’m BACK!
WHO. 2013. Schistosomiasis: Progress report 2001–2011.
Traditional Faecal Test( 粪检 )
Reasons:
The intestinal wall fibrosis
Period of lower egg production
Low-intensity infections
Traditional Faecal Test: Low efficiency
Egg: very low or absent
ZHOU Xiao-Nong, Chairman of Chinese CDC
Coding 15,000 proteins
419
270
204
35
8
1
SjSP-13
Nature. 16 July 2009. Vol 460: 345–351.
rSP13-ELISA KitLike HBV Test( 乙肝检测 )
Clinical Test: a field study
Lancet Infect Dis. 2014. 14: 489–97.
Faecal Test(粪检)
rSP-13 ELISA
Results of the field study
Lancet Infect Dis. 2014. 14: 489–97.
Kato-Katz SP13-ELISA
participants 1371 1371
positive 74** 465
negative 1365 906
Positive rate (%) 5.1 33.9
Faecal Test
Faecal Test SP13-ELISA
Faecal Test
SP13-ELISA
* Faecal Test: Traditional Method† SP13-ELISA: Our Work
Laboratory validation: Specificity of SP13-ELISA
174 human serum samples from Schistosomiasis-free regions(Shanghai)
Lancet Infect Dis. 2014. 14: 489–97.
Sea-ELISA SjSP13-ELISA
Sample No 174 174
Positive 13 2
Negative 161 172
False Positive rate
(%) 7.5 1.1*
SEA-ELISA SP13-ELISA
SEA-ELISA
SP13-ELISA
† SEA-ELISA: Traditional Rapid Diagnosis† SP13-ELISA: Our Work
WHO, Lancet. 2014, 2006.
When nature becomes a terrorist,
human would have only a dead
end.
Acknowledgements
Pro. Yan Zhang Pro. Weiqing Pan
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