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THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
HISTORY JOURNAL 37 The American Revolution (In the beginning…) 38- 41 Battles of the Revolution 43 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Continental Army
and the British Army
Page 38-41, we will make into a flipbookMAJOR BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION
Lexington and ConcordBattle of Bunker HillBattle of Saratoga
Yorktown
WHEN WE LAST LEFT OUR HEROES… They had just declared independence in the
Second Continental Congress.
Colonists felt that if there was a fight with England,
it would be quick. Few expected a war.
They were wrong!
MIDNIGHT RIDE
Spies were busy on both sides!
British general heard that there was a large supply on guns and ammo in Concord.
American’s heard that the British were likely to begin fighting.
Paul Revere “One if by land, two if by sea.”
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD British hear rumor that…
Sam Adams and John Hancock are in Lexington There is a large store of weapons and ammo in
Concord They decide to arrest Adams and Hancock
and take control of the weapons.
Page 157
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD April 19, 1775 700 British troops reach Lexington Met with 70 militia who refuse to give up. No one knows who fired the first shot (“The
Shot Heard Round the World” – Ralph Waldo Emerson)
Within a few minutes, 8 militia men are dead. The British march on to Concord, but by then,
the 4000 Minutemen and militia had arrived and line the road from Concord to Lexington.
The British were in trouble…
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD The British are forced back to Boston. Although technically the first shots of the
Revolution, war had NOT yet been officially declared.
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
CHOOSING SIDES Forced colonists to choose sides
Loyalist Patriot
WE NEED AN ARMY! Militia Minutemen Green Mountain Boys
Led by Ethan Allen Militia in the New York/New Hampshire Area
(Vermont) Captured Fort Ticonderoga which had large
supply of weapons. Second Continental Congress officially forms
an army with Washington as it’s general. Authorize the printing of paper money to pay
troops.Page 160
In your journal, on the back of the BUNKER HILL page…Look at this picture. Based on the artist’s view, who do you think won the Battle of Bunker Hill?
Good Afternoon, Scholars!Make sure you have your supplies!Get started on this journal prompt…
NOW BACK TO OUR STORY… As the founding fathers continue to debate
the exact path to independence, our brave soldiers continue to battle…
THE REDCOATS!
And speaking of Redcoats…
FUN FACT! The British uses cochineal bugs to create the
red dye for their coats. The insects produce an acid that protects them from predators. The acid was used as a dye. (Scary fact – it’s still used today in some types of food coloring and dyes!)
BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL June 16, 1775 Militiamen seize Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill
(they overlook the city of Boston!) Build a fort on the hill British worry about the fort and decide to
attack British marched up Breed’s Hill to attack Tug of war battle The colonists begin to run out of gunpowder.
WHAT WILL THEY DO????
“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” Colonel William Prescott OR General Israel
Putnam Needed to save ammunition
On the third attempt, the redcoats finally take the hill.
Redcoats win but 1000 were killed or wounded compared to only 400 militia.
Considered a moral victory for Continental Army because they held off the world’s most powerful army.
BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL
BOSTON When George Washington takes command of the
army (just after Bunker Hill) he finds an unorganized, undisciplined army. He also finds that there are only 36 barrels of gunpowder left…
FOR THE WHOLE ARMY (Each soldier could fire nine shots!) He starts a rumor that they have 1800 barrels. He sends word to friends in Fort Ticonderoga
that he needs some big guns. (Everyone say Ticonderoga!)
Remember the Green Mountain Boys? Told you they were important!
BOSTON
They load all of the heavy artillery from the fort onto sleds and drag them to Boston.
When the British soldiers in Boston wake up on March, 1776, they see all of that artillery aimed at the city.
The British decide to abandon Boston and leave with 100 ships and 9000 troops!
A year has passed since our brave young men refused to lay down their weapons in Lexington and colonists have STILL not officially declared independence.
The Second Continental Congress makes one more attempt to resolve their issues with England.
They send a petition to King George asking him for a resolution.
THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION
But it’s too late!
King George has already heard about Bunker Hill and refuses to even look at the petition.
He declares the colonists in “full rebellion” and vows to “bring the traitors to justice”.
And as we all remember, being found a traitor meant…
THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION
DEATH!
GOOD AFTERNOON, SCHOLARS!Please update your table of contents. I know the number seems wrong, but I will explain after the bell.Please make sure everything is GLUED in.
THE CONTINENTAL ARMYSTRENGTHS Patriotism
Our lives for our country
George Washington Experienced leader Inspiring leader
Help from abroad France Marquis de Lafayette, a French nobleman
believed in the American cause and persuaded the French King to send troops to help Americans.
THE CONTINENTAL ARMYWEAKNESSES Not everyone supported the war so raising an army
was difficult.
Limited Training
Limited Numbers Only had one year terms of service Limited number of troops at any given time
Limited Supplies Blankets Food Uniforms/Shoes Guns and Ammo
THE BRITISH ARMYSTRENGTHS Strength in numbers
50,000 soldiers 30,000 Hessians
Powerful navy
Help from abroad Hessians Mercenaries from Hesse, Germany
THE BRITISH ARMYWEAKNESSES
Location, location, location… Sending troops and supplies from Great Britain to
North America was costly
Who Cares?? Not passionate about the cause
Poor leadership
Hessians
FUN FACT! Because of the horrible conditions, many
wives followed their husbands into the battlefields. They cooked, did laundry, and nursed sick and
wounded soldiers. A few women actually fought.
Deborah Sampson dressed as a man and enlisted. She fought in several battles.
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Even after all the battles and mistreatment by the
British, many colonists were still afraid of actually declaring independence.
Thomas Paine writes Common Sense to persuade colonists to push for independence.
A week after the British leave Boston, Thomas Jefferson writes the first draft of the Declaration of Independence.
Our founding fathers finally agree to the wording and sign it on July 4, 1776.
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE It seems like such a small act to sign your
name to a piece of paper. But this was no ordinary document. So, what were these men sacrificing by
signing their names to this piece of paper?
Their lives -Their fortunes -Their sacred honor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kX-
APfe3i8Q
WAR…IT’S ON! Now that the colonists have declared their
independence, they have to FIGHT for their independence.
The war kicks into full gear!
AS WE CLOSE TODAY, LOOK AT THIS PAINTING TITLED “THE SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE”. TURN YOUR JOURNAL TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE PAGE. WRITE A RESPONSE TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: HOW DOES THIS PAINTING REFLECT THE INFORMATION WE HEARD IN “OUR LIVES, OUR FORTUNES, OUR SACRED HONOR”?
GOOD AFTERNOON, SCHOLARS!
TROUBLE FOR THE CONTINENTAL ARMY
• Britain wants to take control of New York since it’s the center of Colonial economy.
British attack Washington’s army on Long Island and inflict heavy casualties.
The loss is so bad that the British general believes they’ve pretty much won the war and he expects Washington to surrender.
But Washington is not giving in!
MORE TROUBLE…He retreats and escapes to Philadelphia.The British occupy New York City for the
rest of the war.Washington is humiliated by the loss.This is the first of many losses for the
Continental Army.Many soldiers begin to leave and many
others avoided joining the army.Soldiers are starving and freezing.The Continental Army was at it’s lowest
point.
MORE TROUBLE…Washington gathers the troops and
inspires them to follow his plan for a surprise attack.
CROSSING THE DELAWARE On Dec 25th 1776
Washington launched a surprise attack crossing the frozen Delaware River.
He captured over 800 Hessian prisoners without losing one man.
BATTLE OF SARATOGA British General Burgoyne plans to cut off New
England from the rest of the colonies.
But, Daniel Morgan and the colonists have another idea.
American General Horatio Gates surrounds Burgoyne’s remaining forces at Saratoga, New York.
Uh oh!!!
BATTLE OF SARATOGA Burgoyne surrenders his
entire army to the Americans!
Saratoga is a turning point in the war.
Benjamin Franklin helps negotiate the Treaty of Alliance with France and Spain.
WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE
VALLEY FORGE• Washington and his men spend the long cold
winter of 1777-1778 in Valley Forge Pennsylvania.
• The American troops are in desperate need of food and warm clothing.
• Marquis de Lafayette uses his own money to buy men clothes.
• Spent the winter training.• When Spring came, the men were ready to
test their training.
YORKTOWN•British General Lord Cornwallis moves his troops to Virginia to set up camp and wait for reinforcements.•Washington sets the ultimate trap. James Armistead (a slave) was a double spy and gave Washington information.•Washington has over 16,000 American and French soldiers ready to fight•Cornwallis was not impressed, he opted to board British ships and sail to New York. •But before he can leave, a fleet of French battleships sailed into the Bay.•Cornwallis is trapped!
Trapped, Lord Cornwallis surrenders on Oct 17, 1781.
The Americans win their INDEPENDENCE!
TREATY OF PARIS 1783• Signed in Paris by representatives of the
United States and Great Britain. It has three main parts.
1. Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation2. United States gains all land east of the Mississippi River from Canada to Florida3. U.S. agrees to return all property taken from Loyalists.
COSTS OF THE WAR
Eight years of fighting
Fatalities and Injuries An estimated 25,700 Americans die(10,000 British
soldiers dead) 1400 are missing 8200 are wounded
Soldiers left with no money Sold land in west for food and basic needs
American war debt - $27 million
IMPACT OF THE WAR Between 60,000 and 100,000
Loyalists leave American…mostly to Canada.
Americans wanted more religious freedom and ended practice of using taxes to support churches.
Conflict between slavery and freedom
What will the new nation look like??
WARM UP: YOUR LAST FLAP IS LABELED VOCABULARY. COPY THIS! Patriots – Those who sided with the rebels
and wanted independence from Britain. Loyalists – Colonists loyal to King George III. Guerrillas – Small bands of fighters who use
surprise raids and hit and run attacks. Militia – Volunteer army of regular citizens. Minutemen – American soldiers who were
ready to fight with in 60 seconds. National/Continental Army – The American
army during the American Revolution.