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Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 1
Status of LBL Neutrino ExperimentsStatus of LBL Neutrino Experiments
Caren Hagner
Universität Hamburg
• SK atmospheric neutrinos, confirmation by K2K• MINOS• OPERA• (Future: T2K and Nova)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 2
SuperKamiokande SuperKamiokande
L/E Analysis (PRL 93 (2004) 101801),Best Fit:sin22θ = 1.02 Δm2 = 2.4×10-3 eV2
Full SK-I data set, 90% CL (hep-ex/0501064):
sin22θ > 0.92 1.5·10-3 eV2<Δm2<3.4·10-3 eV2
Atmospheric Neutrino Results
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 3
SuperKamiokande SuperKamiokande
• Analysis for vτ appearance:SK-I data setvτCC (≈ 63% DIS, Ev > 3.5 GeV) hadronic τ-decays (≈ 65%)Primary background:atm. v producing multiple π’s
• Statistical discrimination of signal vs background:Likelihood & neural network techniques
• Analysis for vτ appearance:SK-I data setvτCC (≈ 63% DIS, Ev > 3.5 GeV) hadronic τ-decays (≈ 65%)Primary background:atm. v producing multiple π’s
• Statistical discrimination of signal vs background:Likelihood & neural network techniques
)sys.()stat.(48138 :Best Fit 1532
232atm eV104.2mfor
, 26(sys.)78 :Expected
No tau appearance excluded @ 2.4σ
“A Measurement of Atm. Neutrino Flux Consistent with Tau Neutrino Appearance”, PRL 97,171801 (2006)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 4
K2KK2K
"Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation by the K2K Experiment"The K2K collaboration, M. H. Ahn et al, hep-ex/0606032, Phys. Rev. D 74, 072003 (2006)
no oscill
oscill, best fit:
sin2 2θ=1.0,Δm2=2.8·10-3eV2
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 5
MINOSMINOS
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 6
MINOS DetectorsMINOS Detectors
Far Detector Near Detector
5.4 ktons, 8830m484 steel/scintillator planes
1 kton, 4515m 282 steel, 153 scintillator planes
MINOS: Event Topologies
CC Event NC Event e CC EventUZ
VZ
long track+ hadronic activity at vertex
short, with typical EM shower profile
short event, often diffuse
3.5m 1.8m 2.3m
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 8
MINOS-NuMi BeamMINOS-NuMi Beam
Time
PO
T/S
pill
(x10
12)
Record intensity! 4 x 1013 pot/spill
Sh
utd
ow
n
1st year result
Special Runs
Year 2
> 2.5 x 1020 pot
1.27 x 1020 pot
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 9
MINOS Results: Fit to Oscillation HypothesisMINOS Results: Fit to Oscillation Hypothesis
Measurement errors are 1σ, 1 DOFFit constrained to sin2(2θ)≤1
98.0ionNormalizat
syst) (stat 00.12sin
eV10syst) (stat 74.2m
13.0232
2344.026.0
232
nsys
1j
2s
2j
nbins
1iiiiii
2
jseolno2oe2
(for 1.27·1020pot)
"Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam," hep-ex/0607088Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191801 (2006)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 10
MINOS: Allowed RegionsMINOS: Allowed Regions
• Fit includes penalty terms for three main systematic uncertainties
• Fit is constrained to physical region: sin2(2θ23)≤1
13.0232
2344.026.0
232
00.12sin
eV1074.2m
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 11
MINOS: Future SensitivityMINOS: Future Sensitivity
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 12
MINOS – Future ProspectsMINOS – Future Prospects
• Compare Near/Far NC energy spectrum. Sensitive to νμ→νsterile, ν decay.
• First: Understand NC spectrum in near detector.– NC events prone to intensity related reco issues– Study spills with a lot of events, and spills with fewer events
• Compare Near/Far NC energy spectrum. Sensitive to νμ→νsterile, ν decay.
• First: Understand NC spectrum in near detector.– NC events prone to intensity related reco issues– Study spills with a lot of events, and spills with fewer events
High Multiplicity Low Multiplicity
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 13
MINOS: Neutrino Time of FlightMINOS: Neutrino Time of Flight
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 14
OPERAOPERA
732 km (2.44ms)
? vv
LNGS
FIRST BEAM in August 2006
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 15
OPERA: CNGS beamOPERA: CNGS beam
%4/ vv
%87.0/)( vvv ee
GeV17vE
400GeV p on graphite target
4.5·1019pot/year
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 16
OPERA: Detection of vτOPERA: Detection of vτ
vτ
W
τ-
p,n hadrons
15% )(
48% )(
18%
18%
0
0
vn
vn
vve
vv
e
τ-decay:
Lead
Emulsions
τ
1 mm
μ-
v
v
Hadrons
Typical topology of τ-decay:“Kink” within 1mm from vertex
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 17
OPERA Target: Lead/Emulsion BricksOPERA Target: Lead/Emulsion Bricks
Lead/Emulsion Brick (total ≈ 200000)
10X0
8kg
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 18
OPERA - DetectorOPERA - Detector
Supermodule 1 Supermodule 2
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 19
OPERA - DetectorOPERA - DetectorSupermodule 1
Target Region:- Target Tracker (Scintillator)- Lead/Emulsion Bricks (100.000 per Supermodule)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 20
OPERA - DetectorOPERA - DetectorSupermodule 1
Magnet-Region:Iron &
RPC Planes
B B
Precision Tracker:6 Planes of Drifttubes
Target
v μ
X
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 21
OPERA: Expected SignalOPERA: Expected Signal
0.235.63.6 µ
0.236.74.3 e
0.325.93.8 h
0.221.71.1 3h
Background Δm2 = 3.0·10-3 eV2 Δm2 = 2.4·10-3 eV2
decay channel
19.9 1.0ALL
Signal
12.8
Main background sources:- charm production and decays- hadron re-interactions in lead- large-angle μ scattering in lead
full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5x1019 p.o.t. / year
Event rates (~1.7 Kton, 4.5·1019 pot/year)
~ 6200 events/year (CC+NC)
~ 30 events/day (CC+NC)
~ 25 vτ CC events/year (for Δm2 =2.4·10-3eV2)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 22
OPERA – Physics PotentialOPERA – Physics Potential
SK 90% CL(L/E analysis)
Opera nominal
Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction
Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5)
Opera with 30% bck reduction
90 % CL Sensitivity F&C
Opera nominal 80% Target mass
SK 90% CL(L/E analysis)
Opera nominal
Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction
Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5)
Opera with 30% bck reduction
90 % CL Sensitivity F&C
Opera nominal 80% Target mass
Minos 90% CL
4σ
dis
covery
pro
bab
ility
%
Δm2 in 10-2 eV2
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 23
OPERA – Brick Manipulating SystemOPERA – Brick Manipulating System
suction cup vehicle
Loading Station
Robot to insert/extract bricks
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 24
OPERA – Brick Assembly MachineOPERA – Brick Assembly Machine
• Lead/Emulsion bricks are assembled underground in GS• Darkroom• 5 robotized parallel stations
• Lead/Emulsion bricks are assembled underground in GS• Darkroom• 5 robotized parallel stations
BAM at LNGS
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 25
OPERA: Brick FillingOPERA: Brick Filling
• Opera brick filling started• Must improve speed of BAM,
BMS, coordination lead production-BAM-BMS.
• O(2000) bricks inserted• All bricks inserted:
March 2008
• Opera brick filling started• Must improve speed of BAM,
BMS, coordination lead production-BAM-BMS.
• O(2000) bricks inserted• All bricks inserted:
March 2008
But, at the moment:Only 75% of emulsion films funded
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 26
OPERA: First CNGS Beam OPERA: First CNGS Beam
• Run August 2006:7.6·1017pot (1.7·1013pot/extraction, 70% of nominal intensity)319 events in time with beam (300 expected)
• Run October 2006:0.6·1017pot (1.2·1013pot/extraction)stopped because of water leak in reflector
• Electronic Detectors only (No lead/emulsion bricks)
• Run August 2006:7.6·1017pot (1.7·1013pot/extraction, 70% of nominal intensity)319 events in time with beam (300 expected)
• Run October 2006:0.6·1017pot (1.2·1013pot/extraction)stopped because of water leak in reflector
• Electronic Detectors only (No lead/emulsion bricks)
August 2006 August 2006
Opera Coll., New J. Phys. 8 (2006) 303
Pot vs Time Ev. vs Time
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 27
OPERA: Origin of Beam EventsOPERA: Origin of Beam Events
11% 7.5%5 %
0.6 % 1 %
1 % 0.3 %68 %rock
muons
uncertain : 8.5 %
Spectrometer 1 Spectrometer 2
Target1 Target2
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 28
Direction of CNGS neutrino beamDirection of CNGS neutrino beam
3.5o
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 29
CNGS beam direction measurementCNGS beam direction measurement
August Run result: <> = 3.4 ± 0.3 degrees
y >0
y <0
y
z
μ zenith angle
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 30
CNGS beam timing measurementCNGS beam timing measurement
Event selection via GPS timing information
50 ms10.5 μs 10.5 μs
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 31
OPERA CNGS beam eventsOPERA CNGS beam events
vCC in rock (rock muon)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 32
OPERA: real event OPERA: real event
vCC in target tracker
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 33
OPERAOPERA
vCC in Magnet
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 34
OPERAOPERA
vNC candidate
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 35
OPERAOPERA
μ bundle (cosmics)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 36
CNGS August Run: μ momentumCNGS August Run: μ momentum
prelim.
RPC’s in magnet region
(Here: only RPC’swill improve with drifttubes)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 37
Normalization Check: vμ CC in MagnetNormalization Check: vμ CC in Magnet
• Trigger + On Time + μ Id (> 10 RPC plane) + vertex in magnet OR first 2 TT + fid. Vol.• no χ2 cut on μ track
• vCC in magnets selection efficiency 52% • very pure sample, NC contamination 4% (1,1 event)
August + October: Data = 36 ± 6 MC = 29.9
October only:
Data = 1MC = 2.2
vert. angle (rad)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 38
Connection CS – Target TrackerConnection CS – Target Tracker
Brick
Changeable
sheets
Target Tracker
1st emulsion sheet
2nd emulsion sheet
100 m
10 m
1 m
changeable cheet doublet
(CS) brick
Angular difference betw. prediction/found track <10 mrad (dominated by electronic detector resolution)
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 39
OPERA Future PlansOPERA Future Plans
CNGS:• CNGS Beam in 2007:
repairs at horn/reflectorbeam in september/october possible (1.2-1.6·1019pot/day)
• CNGS Beam in 2008:4.09·1019pot (extraction intensity 4.4·1013pot)
• Multi turn extraction scheme (virtually loss less)
Detector:Brick filling started, ready for next phase:Waiting for first neutrino interaction in emulsions…
CNGS:• CNGS Beam in 2007:
repairs at horn/reflectorbeam in september/october possible (1.2-1.6·1019pot/day)
• CNGS Beam in 2008:4.09·1019pot (extraction intensity 4.4·1013pot)
• Multi turn extraction scheme (virtually loss less)
Detector:Brick filling started, ready for next phase:Waiting for first neutrino interaction in emulsions…
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 40
EndEnd
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 41
Leaking Drain ConnectionLeaking Drain Connection
Outer conductor (Al)Ceramic insulator (500V)
(brazed to the Ti joints)
Clamps for vapor tightness
Rupture point – leak!!
Bellows to give (some) flexibility
Titanium joints
Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007 42
Radial beam profile at Gran SassoRadial beam profile at Gran Sasso