2.
4.
- 5. 1950: (UNIVAC, IBM) 6. 7. (OS/360)
8.
- 1970-: 9. O
- UNIX ( 1969) 10. DOS ( 1980) 11. pple Macintosh (GUI) 12. INIX
1987. Andrew S. Tanenbaum
- :
14.
- 15. 16. 1980. copyright 17.
18. GNU
- 1983. 19. 20. GNU (GNU's Not Unix) OS 21. GNU C 22. 1985 Free
Software Foundation (FSF) 23. GNU General Public License (GPL)
Richard Stallman 24. Linux
- Linus Benedict Torvalds 25. MINIX 26. () - 27. 1991. - MINIX ,
, , :
- 1991. - Linux 0.01 28. O 1991. - Linux 0.02 29. 1991. - Linux
0.10
30. GNU/Linux
33. GNU / Linux
34. GNU/Linux
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Linux 37.
38. GNU / Linux 39. Linux
- 40. , Linux 41. 42. 43. ,
44. Linux
- 45. distrowatch.com 4000 46. 47. ,
48. ? 49.
- (Proprietary) 50. (Commercial) 51. (Private) 52. Freeware 53.
Shareware 54. (Free Software)
55.
- 56. , 57. , () reverse engineering 58. Closed source software
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59. Freeware
63. Shareware
66.
70.
73.
78.
82.
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85. pen Source Software
- 86. 3.2.1997. - Netscape web browser-a (zilla ) 87. Open Source
Initiative (1998) 88. ,
89. pen Source Software
93.
96.
- Open source -a a 97. C - 98.
99. GPL
- GNU (GPL- General Public Licence) 100. , GPL- , , 101. , 102.
Linux GPL-
103. S 104. !