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7/18/2019 Serat Pangan (4)
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DIETARY FIBERSDIETARY FIBERSSERATSERAT
CARBOHYDRATEMETABOLISM
ABDUL RAHIMDept. of Agrotechnologi, Faculty of Agricultural, Tadulako University
7/18/2019 Serat Pangan (4)
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KEKURANGAN SERAT JANGKA LAMA , ERATKEKURANGAN SERAT JANGKA LAMA , ERAT
KAITANNYA DGN PENYAKIT2 : KANKERKAITANNYA DGN PENYAKIT2 : KANKER
KOLON, ATHEROSKELOSIS, DIVERTIKULITISKOLON, ATHEROSKELOSIS, DIVERTIKULITIS
DIET TINGGI SERAT PADA PENDERITA DMDIET TINGGI SERAT PADA PENDERITA DM
GULA DARAH BAIK GULA DARAH BAIK
HIDANGAN CUKUP SERAT MEMBERI RASAHIDANGAN CUKUP SERAT MEMBERI RASA
KENYANG & PUAS MENCEGAH ASUPANKENYANG & PUAS MENCEGAH ASUPAN
KALORI BERLEBIHAN BB NORMAL & DPTKALORI BERLEBIHAN BB NORMAL & DPT
MENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAHMENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH
Hasil PengamatanHasil Pengamatan
EpidemiologisEpidemiologis
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Klasifkasi SeratKlasifkasi Serat
MakananMakanan
LARUT AIRLARUT AIR
PEKTI
!U"
"UKI#A$E
β%!#UKA
A!#A$#
TAK LARUT AIRTAK LARUT AIR
KARBOHIDRATKARBOHIDRAT
% $E#U#&$A
% 'E"I$E#U#&$A
NON-NON-KARBOHIDRATKARBOHIDRAT
% #I!I
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Macam-Macam Serat danMacam-Macam Serat dan
SumbernyaSumbernyaJENIS SERAT SIFAT SUMBER
SELULOSE TAK #A(UT AI(, )A!IA UTA"A DIDI!$E# TU")U'*A, "A"PU "E+E(AP AI(, "E#UAKA "E")E(I )ATUK PDFE$E$, "E")ATU !E(AKAPE(I$TA#TIK U$U$, "E")ATUDEFEKA$I "E-E!A' K&$TIPA$I
KU#IT PADI, KA-A! P&#&!, K&#, APE#.
HEMISELULOSE TAK #A(UT $E)A!IA #A(UT AI(,
A!IA UTA"A $E(AT $E(A#IA
KU#IT PADI !ADU"
LIGNIN TAK #A(UT AI(, )A!IA KE(A$ DA(ITU")U'*A, "E")E(I KEKUATA PD$T(UKTU( TU")U'*A
TA!KAI $A+U(A, )A! ITI &(TE#,)I/I /A")U )I/I
PEKTIN #A(UT AI(, )E(FU!$I $E)A!AI )A'APE(EKAT ATA( $E#
$A+U( )UA' 0
APE#, A!!U(, &(TE#, /A")U )I/I,/EI$ $IT(U$
GUM #A(UT AI(, DI!UAKA D#" IDU$T(I
PA!A $E)A!AI PE!ETA#,E"U$IFE(, $TA)I#I1E(
$A(I P&'& AKA$IA 2 !U" A(A)I- 3
MUKILASE #A(UT AI(, $T(UKTU( +! K&"P#EK )I/I*A AKA(
GLUKAN #A(UT AI(, DIDU!A )E(PE(A D#""EU(UKA K&#E$TE(&#
$E(A#IA TE(UTA"A &AT
ALGAL #A(UT AI(, )A'A PE!ETA# $TA)I#I1E( DI!UAKA $)! A!A(*
A#!AE (U"PUT #AUT
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ContohContohHidangHidang
ananCukupCukup
SeratSerat
CUKUP SERATCUKUP SERAT
PAGI
A$I !&(E! 2)E(A$ !I#I!3
TE#U( -EP#&K
KE(UPUK UDA!
KETI"U 4 T&"AT
TE' "AI$
5 6 !#$
5 )T(
5 )'
* I(I$
5 -K(
SELINGAN JAM 10.00
PUDI! 2 A!A(*3
$#ADA )UA'
5 )'
5 !#$
MAKAN SIANG
A$I 2)!#!3
A+A" !&(E!
TE"PE )A-E"
$A+U( A$E"
$A")E# 4 #A#A)
PEPA+A
AI( PUTI'
* 6 !#$
5 PT!
* PT! $D!
5 "A!K&K
$ 4 *%7 I(I$
5 PT! $D!
I !#$
SELINGAN SORE:
U)I (E)U$
)A/I!U(
5 PT!
5 !#$
MAKAN SORE :
A$I 2 )!#!3
(EDA! DA!I! 4
KA- "E(A'
$UP $A+U(A
APE#
AI( PUTI'
* 6 !#$
5 PT! 4
* $D"
5 "!K
5 )' K-#
5 !#$
7/18/2019 Serat Pangan (4)
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ContohContoh
HidanganHidangan
RendahRendah
SeratSerat
RENDAH SERATRENDAH SERAT
PAGI
A$I !&(E! 2)E(A$ (&/&#E#E3TE#U( -EP#&K
KE(UPUK UDA!
K&PI
SELINGAN JAM 10.00
KUE TA#A" A-I
$&FT D(IK
MAKAN SIANGA$I 2 ) (/##3
A+A" !&(E!
$&P )UTUT
KE(UPUK
TE ' )&T&#
SELINGAN SORE:
-AKEE$ K(I"
MAKAN SORE :
A$I 2)(/##3
$ATE
A-A( TI"U
AI( /E(UK
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% of population who consume Fruit andVegetables 5 portion/day, based on area, sex,
and age group
Source: Susenas (!
$rea Sex
$ge group
ietary Fiber
&onsumption
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'ational aerage : )!*5 g/day'ational aerage : )!*5 g/day
+aarta +aarta : -*5 g/day : -*5 g/day
.ogyaarta .ogyaarta : )*! g/day : )*! g/day
0ecommend0ecommend : 5 1 2! g/day : 5 1 2! g/day
(10 g/1000 kcal energy)(10 g/1000 kcal energy)
ietary Fiber
&onsumption
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Functional food is de3ned as food either
natural or processed food which contains one
or more substances nown to hae certain
physiological function which is bene3cial for
health based on scienti3c assessment (4adan
Function of food :
)* 'utritional function (rimary function#
* Sensory function (Secondary function#
2* hysiological function (9ertiary function#
Functional Foods
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$ group of substances considered to hae certain
physiological function in functional food:
)* ietary 3ber* 6ligosaccharides (prebiotics#
2* Sugar alcohols
"* nsaturated fatty acids (mono1 ; polyunsaturated#
5* &ertain peptides and protein
<* =lycosides and isoprenoides
* olyphenols and iso>aones
-* &holine, ?ecithin ; &arnitine
@* ?actic acid bacteria (probiotics#
)!* hytosterols and phytostanols
))* &ertain itamin ; mineral
ietary Fiber asietary Fiber asa Functional Fooda Functional Food
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G!CEM"C E##EC$ %#G!CEM"C E##EC$ %##%%&S#%%&S
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Fig* Food =uide yramid
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ietary Fiber ; ?ow =8 Foodsietary Fiber ; ?ow =8 Foods
$he Glycemic "nde' (G") is a ranking o*$he Glycemic "nde' (G") is a ranking o*carbohydrate containing *oods on a scalecarbohydrate containing *oods on a scale*rom + to ,++ according to the e'tent to*rom + to ,++ according to the e'tent to hich they raise blood sugar le.els a*ter hich they raise blood sugar le.els a*tereatingeating
Carboh!ra"#$ "ha" br#a%!o&'
()*+%, !)r*' !*#$"*o' ha# "h#
h*h#$" ,+#/*+ *'!##$. Th# b,oo!
,)+o$# r#$o'$# *$ 2a$" a'! h*h.
Carboh!ra"#$ "ha" br#a% !o&' $,o&,3 r#,#a$*'
,)+o$# ra!)a,, *'"o "h# b,oo! $"r#a/3 ha# ,o&
,+#/*+ *'!##$.
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Glycemic "nde' Glycemic "nde'
Glycemic "nde' (G")Glycemic "nde' (G") measures ho /+ gramsmeasures ho /+ gramso* a.ailable carbohydrate *rom a *ood raiseso* a.ailable carbohydrate *rom a *ood raisesblood sugar and subse0uently1 insulinblood sugar and subse0uently1 insulinle.elsle.els
oo MediumMedium HighHigh
G"G" 2//2// /3-34/3-34 556+6+
Starc B t an B t outarc an ou
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Starc B t an B t outarc an ouSoluble ietary FiberSoluble ietary Fiber
(SF#(SF#
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CH2OH
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Inulin : soluble dieary !berInulin : soluble dieary !berenroll as aenroll as a "rebioics
0ole of rebiotic:
)* 8ncrease &alciumabsorption
* 0educe ris of coloncancer
2* ecrease lasma =lucose2* ecrease lasma =lucose
;;
O
O
OH
O
OH
CH2OH
HO
OH
HO
HOH2C
CH2
O
n
O
OH
OH
HOH2C
CH2OH
ietary Fiber ; rebiotics
8nulin is soluble dietary8nulin is soluble dietary
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8nulin is soluble dietary8nulin is soluble dietary
3bre:3bre:
No bre!"o#$ %$ 'eNo bre!"o#$ %$ 'e
(o)'(o)'
Ne*+%*%b+e %"%Ne*+%*%b+e %"%
'-"ro+-.%.'-"ro+-.%. No bre!"o#$ b-No bre!"o#$ b-
e$/-(e.e$/-(e.
No b.or0%o$No b.or0%o$
No bre!"o#$ b-No bre!"o#$ b-e$/-(e.e$/-(e.
No b.or0%o$No b.or0%o$
No 1er(e$%o$No 1er(e$%o$
Co(0+ee $erob%3Co(0+ee $erob%3
8outh
anus
large intestine
s8all intestine
sto8ach
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SERAT PANGAN 4DIETARY FIBER 5
S#ra" 4fiber 5 6 $#'a&a inert $#+ara *7* "*!a% !aa"!*+#r'a o,#h #'7*/-#'7*/ #'+#r'aa'
P#'#,*"*a' ,#b*h ,a'8)" : $#ra" "*!a% ha'a "#r!*r* !ar*
$#,),o$a3 "#"a* 8)a ,*'*'3 h#/*$#,),o$a3 #'"o$a'
!a' $#'a&a #%"*%
A%h*r'a !*)'a%a' *$"*,ah $#ra"
a'a' 4dietary fiber 5
/#')'8)%%a' ,*'*' $#r"a KH ,a*'
a' "*!a% !aa" !*+#r'a
"#r/a$)% %# !a,a/'a
I$"*,ah $#ra" a'a' 4dietary fiber 5 har)$
!*b#!a%a' !ar* *$"*,ah $#ra" %a$ar 4crude
fiber 5 /a))' r#$*!) 'o'-')"r*"*2
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GULA, PATI
PROTEIN
LIPIDA
PEKTIN
GUM
SELULOSAHEMISELULOSA
LIGNIN
DINDING SEL
BAKTERI USUS
BAHAN ENDOGEN
Ma%a'a'
F#$#$S#ra" Ka$ar
S#ra" Pa'a'
R#$*!)
No'-N)"r*"*2
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S#ra" %a$ar 4crude fiber 5 : /#"o!# AOAC
r#$*!) a' "*!a% ,ar)" !a,a/ NaOH !a'
H9SO #'+#r a'a$
"*!a% /#')'8)%%a' '*,a* $#ra" a'a'a' $#b#'ar'a : $#%*"ar ;0-<0 =
,*'*'3 >0 = h#/*$#,),o$a !a' 90-;0
= $#,),o$a3 $#r"a $#/)a %o/o'#'
$#ra" ,ar)" ,a*''a 4#%"*'3 )/5
h*,a' $#,a/a a'a,*$*$
M#"o!# a'a,*$*$ /#')'a%a' !#"#r8#' 4acid detergen
fiber a"a) neutral detergen fiber 5 : ha'a !aa"
/#')%)r %o/o'#' $#ra" a'a' "*!a% ,ar)"
S#ra" a'a' 4dietary fiber 5 !*a'a,*$*$ /#')'a%a'
/#"o!# #'7*/a"*% 4a,2a-a/*,a$# "aha' a'a$
$#r"a #$*' !a' a'%r#a"*'5 !aa" /#')%)r
%o/o'#' $#ra" ,ar)" /a))' "*!a% ,ar)"
$#%a,*)$ !a' $#+ara "#r*$ah
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D#2*'*$* ? P#'o,o'a'
S#ra" a'a' 4dietary fiber 5 6 %#,o/o%
o,*$a%ar*!a !a' o,*/#r ,a*' a'
"*!a% !aa" !*+#r'a o,#h $*$"#/
a$"ro-*'"#$"*'a, ba*a' a"a$ ")b)h
/a')$*a
"#r!aa" b#b#raa %o/o'#''aa' !aa" !*2#r/#'"a$* o,#h
/*%ro2,ora )$)$ b#$ar
S#ra" a'a' "o"a, 4total dietary fiber 3 TDF5
"#r!*r* a"a$ $#ra" a'a' ,ar)" 4soluble
dietary fiber 3 SDF5 !a' $#ra" a'a' "*!a%,ar)" 4insoluble dietary fiber 3 IDF5
)/)/'a IDF ,#b*h "*'*
%a!ar'a !*ba'!*'%a' SDF
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Soluble Dietary Fiber 4SDF5 "#r!*r* a"a$ :
)/3 #%"*'3 $#ba*a' %#+*, h#/*$#,),o$a ,ar)"
Ko/o'#'
Ma'2aa" SDF
@ #2#%"*2 !a,a/ /#')r)'%a' %a!ar
%o,#$"#ro, ,a$/a
@ #2#%"*2 !a,a/ /#r#!)%$* %a!ar LDL
$#r"a /#'*'%a"%a' %a!ar HDL,a$/a
@ b#r#ra' !a,a/ /#r#!)%$* ab$or$*
,)%o$a !a,a/ )$)$ b#r/a'2aa"
ba* #'!#r*"a D*ab#"#$ M#,*")$
@ /#/b)a" #r)" +#a" /#ra$a %#'a'b#r/a'2aa" )'")%
/#/#r"aha'%a' b#ra" ba!a'
'or/a, a"a) /#')r)'%a' b#ra"
ba!a'
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Insoluble Dietary Fiber 4IDF5 "#r!*r* a"a$ :
$#,),o$a3 ,*'*'3 $#ba*a' b#$ar h#/*$#,),o$a3
$#8)/,ah %#+*, %)"*' !a' ,*,*' "a'a/a'3 $#'a&a#%"a" a' "*!a% ,ar)"
Ko/o'#'
Ma'2aa" IDF
@ "*!a% $*'*2*%a' $#baa* a#'
h*o%o,#$"#ro,#/*%
@ #ra'a''a $a'a" #'"*'
!a,a/ #'+#aha'
!*$2)'$* a,a" #'+#r'aa' :- %o'$"*a$* 4$#/b#,*"5
- ha#/oro*! 4a/b#*#'5
- %a'%#r )$)$ b#$ar
- *'2#%$* )$)$ b)'")
- !*#r"*%),o$*$
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KONSUMSI SERAT PANGAN RENDAH
%o'$)/$* KH /)r'* "*'*
I'$)2*$*#'$* a'%r#a"*%
DIABETES OBESITAS
/a%a'a' %a,or* "*'*
%o'$)/$* b#r,#b*ha'
%o'$)/$* ,#/a% "*'*
PENAKIT
JANTUNG
KORONER
#')ra'a' %#%a/baa' !,/ )$)$ b#$ar
#')ra'a' $"*/),)$ /o"*,*"a$
"ra'$*" ,a/a
%o'$#'"ra$*
/#"abo,*" "*'*
%o'"a% !' /)%o$a
)$)$ ,a/a
KANKER
USUS BESAR
#')r)'a' %a!ar
baha' ora'*%
#'#raa' a*r
/a%$*/)/
/a$$a
b#r%)ra'
2#r/#'"a$* ,a/a
2#$#$ %#'"a, ? %#r*'
"#%a'a' !
)$)$ /#'*'%a"
DIERTIKULOSIS
$),*" b)a' a*r b#$ar
KONSTIPASI
4SEMBELIT5
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KANKER USUS BESAR
PREKURSOR
KARSINOGEN
Waktu
Konsentrasi
Aksi
Bakteri
KANKER
SERAT
PANGAN
Perubaan!ikro"#ora usus
Men$uran$i %aktu transit
Menin$katkan
kan&un$an air
P#ra'a' $#ra" a'a' : 415 /#/#'ar)h* /*%ro2,ora )$)$ $#h*'a
"*!a% "#rb#'")% %ar$*'o#'3 495 /#'*'%a"%a' %a'!)'a' a*r
$#h*'a %o'$#'"ra$* %ar$*'o#' /#'8a!* r#'!ah3 !a' 45
/#/#r+#a" &a%") "ra'$*" r#$*!) /a%a'a' !a,a/ )$)$ b#$ar
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DIERTIKULOSIS
P#'a%*" *'* !*"a'!a* !' a!a'a b#'8o,a'-b#'8o,a'
a!a )$)$ b#$ar3 a' "*/b), a%*ba""#rb#'")%'a 2#$#$ a' %#+*, !a' %#ra$
Ko'$)/$* $#ra" a'a' a' +)%) a%a' /#/b#'")%
2#$#$ a' b#$ar !a' ,)'a%3 $#h*'a "#%a'a'
a!a #r/)%aa' )$)$ /#')r)' !a' "#r8a!*'a!*#r"*%),o$*$ !aa" !*+#ah
K)ra' $#ra" :% F#$#$ b),a" %#+*, ? %#ra$% Ko'"ra%$* o"o" )$)$
!' "#%a'a' b#$ar
4 <0 // H5
C)%) $#ra" :
- F#$#$ b#$ar !a' ,)'a%
- Ko'"ra%$* o"o" )$)$
!' "#%a'a' r#'!ah
410 // H5
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KEGEMUKAN 4OBESITAS5
M#'*'%a"'a !#'$*"a$ %a,or* !a,a/
/a%a'a'/*')/a' a' /#'#r"a*/#'*'%a"'a %#/a%/)ra'
Pa!a h#&a' #r+obaa' : %##/)%a'
b#rh)b)'a' ,a'$)' !#'a' ra$*o
$#ra" a'a' "#rha!a #'#r* 4%a,or*5
!* !a,a/ ra'$)/
S#ra" a'a' a%a' /#/b)a" +#a" %#'a'3 a%*ba"
$#%r#$* $a,*a !a' +a*ra' ,a/b)' a' ,#b*h
ba'a% !a' $#ra" a%a' "#r"aha' ,#b*h ,a/a !*
!a,a/ ,a/b)'
D#'a' a!a'a $#ra"3 #'#raa' 7a"-7a" *7* $)/b#r
#'#r* 4a"*3 ),a3 ro"#*'3 ,#/a%5 a%a'
"#rha/ba"3 $#h*'a ,#b*h $#!*%*" $)/b#r #'#r*
a' /a$)% %# !a,a/ ")b)h