Post on 09-Apr-2018
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
1/19
11
Geographical IndicationsGeographical Indications
An Indian PerspectiveAn Indian Perspective
Sanjay KumarSanjay Kumar
33rdrd May 2006May 2006
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
2/19
22
Scope of PresentationScope of Presentation
GeographicalGeographical IndicationsIndications IntroductionIntroduction
CurrentCurrent InternationalInternational debatedebate onon
GeographicalGeographical IndicationsIndications
OverviewOverview ofof thethe IndianIndian GIGI registrationregistration
systemsystem
GeographicalGeographical IndicationsIndications asas aa tooltool forfor
developingdeveloping countriescountries
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
3/19
33
Intellectual PropertyIntellectual Property
Outcomeofones intellectual effortsOutcomeofones intellectual efforts
Different from other forms of propertyDifferent from other forms of property
Incentive to createIncentive to create rewardreward
Advantage in CompetitionAdvantage in Competition -- creates Monopoly rightcreates Monopoly right
Sources of IP LawSources of IP Law
Article 38Article 38 ICJICJ
Treaty LawTreaty Law
Customary International LawCustomary International Law
Precedents and DoctrinesPrecedents and Doctrines
General principles of lawGeneral principles of law
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
4/19
44
TRIPS AgreementTRIPS Agreement
Copyright and related rightsCopyright and related rights
Trade marksTrade marks
Geographical Indications (GIs)Geographical Indications (GIs) Industrial designsIndustrial designs
PatentsPatents
Layout designs of integrated circuitsLayout designs of integrated circuits
Protection of undisclosed informationProtection of undisclosed information
Control of antiControl of anti--competitive practices in contractualcompetitive practices in contractual
licenceslicences
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
5/19
55
GIsGIs the conceptthe concept
GIsGIs areare essentiallyessentially thethe DNADNA ofof NatureNatureimpregnatedimpregnated intointo thethe MotherMother EarthEarth
difficultdifficult toto cloneclone andand beyondbeyondscientificscientific calculationcalculation..
GIsGIs areare aboutabout culture,culture, geography,geography,
traditions,traditions, heritageheritage andand traditionaltraditionalpracticespractices ofof peoplepeople andand countriescountries..
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
6/19
66
Geographical IndicationsGeographical Indications
AnyAny nounnoun oror adjectiveadjective (need(need notnot
necessarilynecessarily bebe aa geographicalgeographical name)name)
thatthat designatesdesignates geographicalgeographical locationlocation
andand wouldwould tendtend toto bebe regardedregarded byby
buyersbuyers asas descriptivedescriptive ofof thethe
geographicalgeographical locationlocation ofof originorigin ofof
goodsgoods..
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
7/19
77
GIs and Developing CountriesGIs and Developing Countries
Instrument of Rural Development - promotion of productshaving certain characteristics could be of considerable benefitto the rural economy, in particular to less-favored or remoteareas, by improving the incomes of farmers and by retainingthe rural population in these areas (EC Regulation 2081/92) e.g. Italian Tuscan Olive Oil sold at premium ever since itsregistration in 1998.
Differentiation of products can lead to:
Increase in prices of the protected products
Allows genuine producers to capture the rents, entrybarriers for fakes
More Antiguan Coffee and Darjeeling Tea sold than produced -shows large market for genuine products.
Issue is whether the framework is appropriate for developingcountries.
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
8/19
88
What is the GI extension issue?What is the GI extension issue?
oo ArticleArticle 2222 dealsdeals withwith GIsGIs atat aa generalgenerallevellevel..
oo ArticleArticle 2323 offersoffers anan additionaladditional levellevel ofofprotectionprotection toto winewine andand spiritspirit GIsGIs
oo AdditionalAdditional levellevel meansmeans thatthat membermemberstatesstates areare toto protectprotect againstagainst incorrectincorrectusageusage ofof thethe relevantrelevant GIGI eveneven withoutwithoutthethe requirementrequirement ofof deceptiondeception andandconfusionconfusion
oo UnderUnder ArticleArticle 2222 theythey areare toto protectprotectagainstagainst misleadingmisleading andand incorrectincorrectusageusage..
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
9/19
99
To illustrate.To illustrate.
ArticleArticle 2222
oo TheThe expressionexpression IndianIndianGruyereGruyere cheesecheeseactionableactionable onlyonly onon
provingproving thatthat::
GruyereGruyere asas aa cheesecheeseisis wellwell knownknown ininIndiaIndia
TheThe saidsaid expressionexpression
wouldwould bebe misleadingmisleadingasas toto geographicalgeographicaloriginorigin
ArticleArticle 2323
oo TheThe expressionexpression IndianIndian
ChampagneChampagne
actionableactionable::
MerelyMerely onon thethe
groundground thatthat suchsuch
usageusage isis incorrectincorrect
(despite(despite thethe dede--
localizinglocalizing factorfactorIndian)Indian)
NotNot necessarynecessary toto
proveprove thatthat itit isis wellwell--
knownknown inin IndiaIndia..
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
10/19
1010
What is so unfair about Art. 23?What is so unfair about Art. 23?
InIn thethe samesame provisionprovision dealingdealing withwith oneone typetype ofof product,product,therethere areare twotwo levelslevels ofof protectionprotection..
BenefitsBenefits toto onlyonly winewine producingproducing countriescountries mostmost ofof themthem
areare developeddeveloped countriescountries MostMost developingdeveloping countriescountries dodo notnot havehave wineswines asas aa majormajor
revenuerevenue earningearning productproduct mostlymostly theirtheir productsproducts arearehandicrafts,handicrafts, rice,rice, teatea coffee,coffee, spicesspices etcetc..
TheirTheir economieseconomies areare heavilyheavily dependantdependant onon suchsuch productsproducts
GivenGiven thethe disparities,disparities, thesethese productsproducts mightmight findfind itit difficultdifficulttoto competecompete inin internationalinternational marketsmarkets
TakeTake thethe casecase ofof IndiaIndia whichwhich hashas aa diversitydiversity inin everyevery areaarea bebe itit culture,culture, traditions,traditions, food,food, artart forms,forms, craftscrafts..
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
11/19
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
12/19
1212
Practical effects of protection under Article 23Practical effects of protection under Article 23
Wine and spirit GIs get an additional level of protection andwill never become generic once protected
Other GI owners have to invest huge resources to defendtheir GIs in foreign markets
WTO members can also enter into negotiations for increasedlevel of protection of wine and spirit GIs with other memberswithout letting the exceptions in Article 24 affecting them
For instance, if France wants to hold negotiations with USfor Champagne, US cant use Art. 24.4 exception
Whereas if India wants to hold negotiations with the US
for Darjeeling or Basmati misuse, US can use the 24.4 and24.5 exceptions
The protection offered to GIs under TRIPS amounts to havingdouble standards
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
13/19
1313
Indian GI Act FrameworkIndian GI Act Framework
GIsGIs cancan bebe grantedgranted toto anan individual,individual, aa family,family, aa partnership,partnership,aa corporation,corporation, aa voluntaryvoluntary associationassociation etcetc oror anyanyorganizationorganization oror authorityauthority establishedestablished byby oror underunder anyany lawlawforfor thethe timetime beingbeing inin forceforce representingrepresenting thethe interestinterest ofof thetheproducersproducers ofof thethe concernedconcerned goodsgoods..
GIsGIs protectprotect andand rewardreward traditionstraditions whilewhile allowingallowing forforproductsproducts toto evolveevolve overover timetime
GIsGIs cancan bebe protectedprotected overover longlong periodsperiods asas longlong asas thethecollectivecollective traditiontradition isis maintainedmaintained
IndianIndian ActAct protectsprotects GIsGIs forfor anan initialinitial periodperiod ofof 1010 years,years,whichwhich cancan bebe renewedrenewed afterafter thethe expiryexpiry ofof thethe initialinitialperiodperiod ofof protectionprotection forfor anotheranother 1010 yearsyears
GIsGIs wouldwould ceasecease toto bebe onon thethe registerregister ifif notnot renewedrenewed sixsixmonthsmonths afterafter thethe expirationexpiration ofof thethe lastlast registrationregistration
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
14/19
1414
Indias famous GIsIndias famous GIs
BanarasiBanarasi silkssilks PaschminaPaschmina shawlsshawls KashmirKashmircarpetscarpets BasmatiBasmati ricerice
DarjeelingDarjeeling teatea AssamAssam teatea BengalBengal CottonCotton AlphonsoAlphonso MangoesMangoes PochampalliPochampalli silksilk ChanderiChanderi silksilk
Hyderabad pearlsHyderabad pearls Kerala Nendran bananasKerala Nendran bananas Jaipur silver jewelleryJaipur silver jewellery
NilgiriNilgiri teatea CoorgCoorg coffeecoffee MysoreMysore sandal productssandal products MysoreMysore silksilk
MalabarMalabarpepperpepper KancheepuramKancheepuram silkssilks Lonawala chikisLonawala chikis (food stuff)(food stuff) NilgiriNilgiri teatea Coir products fromCoir products from KeralaKerala Cardamom fromCardamom from KeralaKerala
AranmulaAranmula mirrorsmirrors Nagpur orangesNagpur oranges Phulkari embroidery workPhulkari embroidery work
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
15/19
1515
Geographical Indication Product State Dateof
Registration
Darjeeling Tea Tea West Bengal 29.10.04
Pochampally Ikat Textile Andhra Pradesh 31.12.04
Chanderi saree Textile Guna, 28.01.05
Madhya Pradesh
Kotpad Handloom fabric Textile Koraput, Orissa 02.06.05
Kota Doria Textiles Kota, Rajasthan 05.07.05
Kancheepuram silk Textiles Tamil Nadu 02.06.05
Bhavani Jamakkalam Textile, carpets Erode,Tamil Nadu 05.07.05
Mysore Agarbathi Incense sticks Mysore, Karnataka 02.06.05
Aranmula Kannadi Metal Mirror Kerala 19.09.05
Salem Fabric Textiles Tamil Nadu 19.09.05
Solapur Chaddar Textiles Maharashtra 19.09.05
Solapur Terry Towel Textiles Maharashtra 19.09.05
Mysore Silk Textiles Karnataka 28.11.05
Kullu Shawl Textiles Himachal Pradesh 12.12.05
Madurai Sungudi Textiles Tamil Nadu 12.12.05
Kangra Tea Tea Himachal Pradesh 12.12.05
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
16/19
1616
Geographical Indication Product State Dateof
Registration
Coorg Orange HorticultureProduct
Karnataka 30.01.2006
Mysore Betel Leaf HorticultureProduct
Karnataka 30.01.2006
Nanjanagud Banana Horticulture
Product
Karnataka 30.01.2006
Mysore Sandalwood Oil Essential Oil Karnataka 30.01.2006
Mysore Sandal Soap Soap Karnataka 30.01.2006
Bidriware Handicrafts Karnataka 30.01.2006
Channapatna Toys and Dolls Handicrafts Karnataka 30.01.2006
Coimbatore Wet Grinder Wet Grinder Tamil Nadu 30.01.2006
Mysore Rosewood Inlay Handicrafts Karnataka 30.01.2006
Kasuti Embroidery Embroidery(Textiles)
Karnataka 30.01.2006
Mysore Traditional Paintings Paintings Karnataka 30.01.2006
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
17/19
1717
Case of Basmati RiceCase of Basmati Rice
BasBas Aroma,Aroma, BasmatiBasmati AromaticAromatic RiceRice
ProductionProduction areaarea beltbelt onon NorthernNorthern IndiaIndia
andand adjacentadjacent partpart ofof PakistanPakistan UniqueUnique CharacteristicsCharacteristics longlong graingrain
(increases(increases substantiallysubstantially onon cooking),cooking),distinctivedistinctive aromaaroma andand tastetaste..
EffortsEfforts toto usurpusurp thethe GIGI CaseCase forfor jointjoint registrationregistration IndiaIndia andand
PakistanPakistan..
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
18/19
1818
GI Registration in SAARCGI Registration in SAARC
EconomicEconomic potentialpotential untappeduntapped
ProductsProducts similaritysimilarity -- distinctivedistinctive signssigns forfor distinctdistinctproductsproducts
NeedNeed toto addressaddress territorialityterritoriality -- SAARCSAARC cooperationcooperationneededneeded
NeedNeed toto protectprotect atat homehome essentialessential clauseclause ofof
TRIPSTRIPS AgreementAgreement -- GIGI registrationregistration notnot inin itselfitself cancanprotectprotect valuablevaluable reputationreputation..
NeedNeed toto taketake thisthis asas aa developmentdevelopment issueissue
RoleRole ofof thethe GovernmentsGovernments
8/8/2019 San Jay 22
19/19
1919
Thank You !!!Thank You !!!