WORLD WAR II

Rise of DictatorsStalin’s Soviet Union

a. Economic Plans1. Huge collective farms

2. Starvation & rationing

3. Pushed industrialization more

b. Reign of Terror1. Purges – removed enemies &

undesirables

2. Show trials – always guilty

3. Millions killed or put in camps

Fascism in Italy

i. Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party

ii. Appointed Prime Minister

iii. Suspended elections

iv. Began conquests – Ethiopia

Hitler’s Rise to Power

i. Served in WWI – injured

ii. Hated Versailles Treaty

Nazi Party

i. National Socialist German Workers Party

ii. Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow

iii. Fail, jailed

iv. Wrote “Mein Kampf”1. Wanted German Homeland

2. Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes

Hitler Becomes Chancellor

i. 1932 – made by Hindenburg

ii. Suspended free speech and press

iii. Brown shirts – Nazi thugs quiet opposition

iv. 1934 – Pres too = Der Fuhrer

Rearms and Expandsi. Secretly began rearming

ii. Built autobahn

iii. Army began taking over land

iv. Allied with Italy = Axis Powers

Spanish Civil War

i. Several parties fought for power

ii. Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco

iii. Dictatorship

iv. Germany helped Franco

Europe Goes to WarInvasion of Polandi. Hitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact

ii. 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland

iii. 9/3 – UK & France declare war

iv. German blitzkrieg – lightening war

v. Fast, concentrated air and land attack

War in the West

i. Poland fell, war stopped

ii. Sitzkrieg – sit down war

iii. Maginot Line – French fortification line

France Falls

i. 4/9/40 – Attack Denmark & Norway

ii. Went around Maginot

iii. 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany

iv. Vichy France – Nazi control

v. Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance

vi. Allies – France, UK, USA

Battle of Britain

i. Luftwaffe attacks London

ii. Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks Berlin

iii. Heavy bombing, much death, destruction

iv. Britain hid in subway

v. Kids shipped to countryside

Japan Builds an EmpireGrowing Military Power

i. 1920s – recession

ii. Military began influencing politics

iii. Invaded and took Manchuria from China

iv. Puppet State

War Against China

i. 1937 invaded China

ii. Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed

iii. US wanted Japan to stop

iv. UK helped China fight back

v. 1940 – Japan joined Axis

US Chooses Neutrality

i. 1930’s – Neutrality Acts

ii. Prevented trade with countries at war

iii. Europe and Asia fell to war

iv. US watched

Americas Involvement Growsiv. Revised Neutrality Acts

v. Gave aid to UK and France

vi. Most wanted “all aid short of war”

vii. FDR wins 3rd election

viii. Lend-Lease = send aid now, get back later

Japan Attacks!!!i. Sunday, December 7, 1941

@ 7am

ii. Radar saw planes “Don’t worry”

iii. After 3 hours1. 2400 killed

2. 200 planes destroyed

3. 18 warships sunk

iv. 12/8 – US declares war

US Mobilization

i. Selective Training and Service Act

ii. 16 million called GIs – Government Issue

iii. 25,000 NA – code talkers

iv. Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units

v. 350,000 women

The War Economy

i. Office of War Mobilization

ii. Stopped consumer goods

iii. Started war goods

iv. Ford – B-24 bombers

v. Paid by taxes and bonds

Daily Life

i. Shortage of consumer goods

ii. Food stamps & rationing

iii. Food needed for troops

iv. Victory Gardens

v. Spent money on other thingsi. Baseball, music, movies

American’s Join In

i. US & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic

ii. 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack

iii. Sunk 175 ships in June 1942

North Africai. Feb 1941

ii. Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox”

iii. US Gen Eisenhower fought back

iv. Nazi lost in 1943

Italyi. US invaded Italy next under Gen.

Patton

ii. Mussolini arrested, new govt. set

iii. Nazi pushed out by April 1945

Soviet Unioni. German blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe

ii. Nazi began to take over

iii. Stalin called for help, US did

iv. Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942)i. Red Army took advantage of winter

ii. Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million

Allied Air War

i. RAF’s carpet bombing – 3000 planes

ii. 1000’s of civilians killed

Invasion of Western Europei. Operation Overlord by Gen. Marshall

ii. D-Day June 6, 1944

iii. Ships, planes attack Normandy, France

iv. Able to liberate France

v. Battle of the Bulgei. Small US units took West Europe

War Endsi. Soviets fought to Berlin in 1945

ii. Hitler refuses to leave city

iii. Underground bunker with wife

iv. Suicide April 30th

v. Germany surrenders May 8th

vi. VE Day

Yalta Conference

i. Feb 1945

ii. Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

iii. Split Germany in 4

iv. Berlin too (deep in USSR)

v. Stalin promised to end war with Japan

vi. Didn’t keep promise

The Holocausti. Aryans – Germanic People

ii. Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews

iii. Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews

iv. Hitler believed in Aryan superiority

Persecution in Germanyi. 1933 – Anti-Semitism became law

ii. 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed

iii. Other groups (6 mil) suffered too

Nazi Policiesi. Jews lost citizenship, fired, sell

business

ii. Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents

iii. “Sarah” and “Israel”

iv. Forced to wear Star of David

Kristallnachti. Most Jews believed they would endure

ii. November 9, 1938

iii. SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, temples

iv. “Night of Broken Glass”

v. Forced to ghettos

Einsatzgruppeni. Mobile killing squads in Russia

ii. Jews and Communists dug own graves

iii. Shot by Nazi soldiers

iv. Wannsee Conference 1942

v. Wanted Final Solution

Death Camps – Part 1i. Zyklon B – pesticide

ii. Shower rooms that expelled gas

iii. 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps

iv. Used cattle trains to move people

Death Camps – Part 2

i. Auschwitz & Dachau = worst

ii. 2 lines – Work or Die

iii. Gas Chamber -> furnace

iv. Alive – shaved, tattoo, work

Death Camps – Part 3

i. Hard work, little food, disease, brutality

ii. Torture and medical experiments

iii. 12,000 gassed a day

Rebellion, Rescue, & Liberationi. Some Jews fought back

ii. Worked for a moment

iii. US knew in 1942 – did nothing

iv. Troops found camps in 1945

v. Photographed everything!

vi. No idea what they were seeing

Nuremberg Trialsi. 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against

humanity

ii. 12 got death penalty

iii. Israel still finding and trying Nazi criminals

War in the Pacifici. Japan took over much of East Asia

ii. POWs tortured, marched for days

iii. Ship battles, many attacks

iv. Fought on islands – Island hopping

v. Kamikazes – suicide planes

vi. Japanese in US put in internment camps

Iwo Jima and Okinawai. Two major battles

ii. Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor

iii. Famous flag picture

iv. Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes

v. 50,000 dead

Manhattan Project

i. To develop atomic bomb

ii. Truman made decision to drop to save lives

iii. 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on Hiroshima

iv. 80,000 killed, 90% of city leveled

v. August 14th – Japan surrenders