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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Table of Content
I. Introduction and statement of purpose……………………………………………………………………………………………………....2
II. Local case study: Dar el Rehab Orphanage……………………………………………………………………………………………….....3
Context and surrounding……………………………………………………………………………………………………...……...3
Users’ profile and life style…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...5
Architectural analysis of the space…………………………………………………………………………………………………..10
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...16
III. International Case Study: SOS Children’s Village in Jordan……………………………………………………………………………….18
Context and surrounding……………………………………………………………………………………………………...……..18
Users’ profile………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....18
User’s life style…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....18
Architectural Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..21
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……….....25
IV. Getting to know my user……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……....26
a. Second visit to Dar el Rehab Orphanage…………………………………………………………………………………...…………....26
b. Orphans’ Day…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……..…27
V. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…30
VI. Architectural Programming………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
Human needs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……........31
Goals and objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………...……....32
Context and surrounding…………………………………………………………………………………………………...……..33
Design criteria……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..38
Ergonomics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39
Activity Systems……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....…..40
Elements and solutions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
Space program sheet………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43
Customized spaces………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...47
Bubble diagram……………………………………………………………………………............................................................48
Zoning………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….49
Site: Sun and wind orientation………………………………………………………………………………………….…………50
Spatial analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……51
A brief on flexible architecture…………………………………………………………………………………………….………52
VII. Concept…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….55
The choice of user……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..55
Mood board 1: Exterior………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...57
Mood board 2: Outdoor spaces………………………………………………………………………………………………………...58
Mood board 3: Interior. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...59
VIII. References……………………………………………………………………………………………...............................................................60
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
i. Introduction and Statement of Purpose
Orphans and orphanages raise a great debate in our society, as they are a big part of the Egyptian community. Young orphans may and
can create a better future for this nation if they are well raised exactly like the normal young children, so why aren’t they having the right amount
of attention as the normal children? Most of the orphanages in Egypt provide a shelter for orphans but they neglect their social needs. The
orphans are like any other child only needing more care therefore, orphanages should be aware that they are dealing with fragile sensitive
individuals; they should not only provide shelter for them, but they should provide a home, where they will feel loved secured and appreciated.
This research is investigating different types of orphanages, getting to know the orphans’ lifestyle, and their human needs (physical and
psychological), in order to attain the best design criteria of an architectural building that will serve as a home for the orphans and hopefully will
fill that gap that they have in their lives.
The main purpose of “Our Home” project is to address the common issues found in the orphanages in Egypt. Creating a new sense of
orphanages, a home for the children where they feel secure, loved and appreciated. “Our Home” orphanage will be designed to be a landmark,
capturing people’s attention to the orphanage problem in Egypt, helping the orphans to be engaged in the society and to be cherished. The
community where “Our Home” will be built will learn to appreciate and support orphanages and orphans as the orphanage will have its fund by
providing high quality services to its community not by taking donations. Therefore, the orphans in this orphanage will be by time accepted in
their society which will make it easier for them to grow up in a healthy way, and to face the outer world on their own with less fear like any
other child having parents to support him. The design will be customized to the 14 girls of Dar- el Rehab Orphanage, giving each girl the space
that she needs to help her grow up into a successful person, not only that but it will also have a flexible plan to change according to their needs in
the future as they grow up, and to accommodate more people so that the ongoing cycle of this orphanage will continue.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
ii. Case Study 1: Dar el Rehab
Location: 19 Abl el Hafez ahmed St. Nasr City.
Context and Surrounding
Dar el Rehab
Orphanage
Side Streets
Central garden,
not well
reserved
Surrounded by
residential buildings
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
The orphanage is surrounded by residential buildings. Right next to the orphanage there is an empty space which is used as car parking/ garbage dumping.
Dar el Rehab,
Ground floor
apartment.
Dar el Rehab
right facade
Fence of the out
the outdoor area
The two ground floor
level apartments
belong to the
orphanage.
Entrance of Dar el rehab orphanage/
apartment building. Wide entrance nicely
decorated and gives the feeling of home
and coziness.
Perpendicular to the street of Dar El
Rehab, there is this central garden,
which is obviously not well kept,
therefore it is not used.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Users’ Profile
Number of children: 14 girls. Age: 9-10 years old.
All the girls go to the same school, which is close to the orphanage. They go to school by the school bus.
Number of surrogate mothers: 4 mothers/ nannies, and one main mother who is also the owner of the orphanage but she does not spend the night at the orphanage.
Users’ life style
Door leading to
the outdoor area
There are usually three girls sharing one bedroom.
The bedroom is where the girls spend most of their
time; they sleep, nap, play and even study because it
contains two desks.
Most of the bedrooms are overlooking the private
outdoor area, which gives privacy to the rooms.
Study desks
#1
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Door leading to the
outdoor area
This detail of the dining
room/study room is showing the
problem in circulation: for those
who are sitting in these chairs
they will be squeezed between
the wall and the table with no
room to move, and this applies to
all four tables in the room which
means that eight girls will be
sitting uncomfortably while they
eat or study.
Study room/ dining area, where the
girls and the surrogate mothers eat
all the essential three meals of the
day, the girls also use this space for
studying. The space is too crowded
compared to the number of users
therefore the furniture arrangement
is uncomfortable also creating a
problem in circulation.
#2
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
The steps at the end of
the corridor
Single loaded corridor leading to the
living room. (Where the kids enjoy
running back and forth, but it is not
safe for them because it starts with
two steps and ends with two steps, so
they can easily fall or trip)
The living room, where the girls are allowed to
play and watch TV. It is also a place of leisure
for the surrogate mother, when the girls are
working on their homework or in school, the
surrogate mothers spend their time here,
watching TV and resting.
#3
#4 #5
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
.
The kitchen where all the cooking takes place.
Usually the surrogate mothers cook, and
sometimes the kids participate. The area of
the kitchen is too small for the four surrogate
mothers especially if the girls are participating
in the cooking.
The very organized food storage
room, where they keep track of
each item going in or out, and
setting dates for everything.
Office room, used as
storage room.
#
6 #7
#8
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
.
The reception area, used to
receive guests visiting the
orphanage also as a main office
for the owner but rarely used by
the kids
The outdoor area, not shaded, and
rarely used by the kids because it
is not shaded and not safe because
of the ceramic tiles floor.
#9 #10
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Architectural Analysis
Single bed: 110x190cm. The bed size is
appropriate, but there is not enough space
between the beds for circulation in this
room. Window height is also appropriate
for the age of the girls, because they can
look outside of the window and still have
their privacy because the windows are
overlooking the outdoor area of the house.
Study desks: 50x80cm. The size
of the desks is appropriate for the
age of the girls, but a couple of
years later it will be too small for
them.
Closets size: 2x90cm width, depth
100m, height 200cm. The closet has
enough room for the two girls’ cloths,
but the upper shelves are too high for
the girls to reach, therefore they are
used for storage.
Dining tables: 75x120. Dining
table’s size does not go with the
size of the room, the room is
crowded.
Furniture
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Ventilation, Natural Light and Circulation Plan
The Kitchen has cross
ventilation, no smell is going
inwards.
The Bedrooms are placed on
the Southern side of the
house, which is bad
ventilation wise, and also
they will have direct sunlight
as there are no louvers on the
windows.
Major drawback: the living
room has no windows,
therefore it is not well
ventilated and there is no
natural light going in.
Sun
Orientation
N
Northern Wind
Direction
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Zoning Diagrams
The combined spaces in the relationship diagram
demonstrates the relation between the facilities and
the other aspects of the house.
Zoning diagram indicating the circulation between
the different aspects of the house
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Bubble Diagram
1. There is a strong relation between the kitchen and the
food storage room, but they are too far from each
other.
2. The bathroom near the children’s bedroom is also
used by the guests: There should be a bathroom near
the reception area (Cross Circulation between guests
and children in this area is not acceptable).
3. The kitchen is almost in-front of the entrance area,
which is not a good place for it, it should be more
sheltered.
4. There is a buffer zone between the entrance and the
children’s room, which is the space leading to the
office room and the dining room (view plan).
5. The living room area is very far from the entrance and
the reception area which gives it a good amount of
privacy.
6. The surrogate mothers’ bedroom is near the children’s
rooms which is a good thing, especially in the early
age of the kids.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Space Program Sheet
Space: Bedrooms. Function: Sleeping, playing and studying.
Molecular activity: Each girl has her own bed, 3 girls in a room. The space between the
beds is used for playing. They sit on the ground and play. The desks are placed facing the
wall, for studying.
Who?
The children, usually three girls, but in playing time they gather in larger groups. The
surrogate mothers drop by for supervision
Spatial Relations: Direct access to the bathroom, dining room, living room and outdoor
area.
Environment Quality
Sufficient amount of natural light, because of the door leading to the outdoor area.
Well ventilated: Large window/door.
Private: overlooking the outdoor area of the house.
Space: Kitchen Function: cooking
Molecular activity: every day the surrogate mothers cook the three meals for the children in
this kitchen.
Who? Four surrogate mothers.
Spatial Relations:
Direct relation to the dining room and the bathroom
Environment Quality:
Well ventilated : cross ventilation
Natural light from the two windows
Space: Living room. Function: spending the leisure time/resting/socializing.
Molecular activity:
The girls spend their free time in the living room, watching TV or playing. They also get the
chance to sit all together with the surrogate mothers and socialize.
Who?
The 11 girls and 4 surrogate mothers.
Spatial relations:
Direct relation to the bedrooms and the bathroom
Environment Quality:
The room has no windows. Not well ventilated .No natural light coming in.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Spatial Percentages of different project components Spatial Relation Matrix
Conclusion:
Bedrooms
Bathrooms
reception/office area Kitchen
Outdoor Area
Living room
Storage
The reception area is too big compared to the area of the
house, also because it is not used.
The bathroom area is too small compared to the number of
users and the space.
The outdoor area is appropriate in size, but it is not well
used.
Indirect Relation
Direct Relation
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Advantages Disadvantages
Given the relatively small number of children, the owner of the place
is considered the mother, and the surrogate mothers are like nannies,
therefore there is an atmosphere of a family and warmth in the place.
The children are feeling more secure, knowing that this is their
permanent home.
The location of the orphanage is near their school.
The orphanage does not have any means of transportation, and its location
does not provide any walking distance sporting clubs or any outdoor
facilities, that is why the children are isolated from the society, because the
only time they get in contact with the outer world is when they go to
school or when they go to trips, which does not happen frequently because
of the problem of transportation.
The plan of the apartment is divided into two levels, which is dangerous
for the children, who are running and playing all the time. Also this
division makes some places of the house not well used such as the
reception area. (view plan)
The outdoor area in the place is not well used at all because the floor is all
covered by ceramic tiles so it is not safe for the young children who fall all
the time, it is also not shaded so it is hard to go out in the day light.
The dining room/study room is very small compared to the number of
children.
Some girls have early signs of talents such as drawing, but unfortunately
the space does not have any facilities that could help them develop or
discover these talents.
The furniture colors and walls do not suit young children.
Ex: furniture color of the living room, not appealing for children.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Solutions Plan Adjusted
Turn the large outdoor area into garden with shaded seating areas, this will
provide a pleasant outdoor space for the children to play, and also a nice
view for their bedrooms as most of the bedrooms are overlooking this
outdoor space.
Make all the apartment one level.
The small office that is beside the dining room is barely used, therefore it
is better to make the office and the dining room a single large room. (view
plan).
The reception area is not used by the children because it contains the main
office, so if there was a separation between the reception and the office,
the reception can be a play room for the children, or a studio where they
will learn arts and develop their talents.
The children are isolated from the society therefore we should either
change their location near a sporting club, or use the opposite land that the
orphanage owns as a public garden for children, which will also provide
fund for the orphanage.
Fix the central garden of the area, and turn the garbage dumping space to a
garden, which will enhance the quality of the surrounding and will make
the orphanage appreciated by the community they live in.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
iii. International Case Study: SOS Children’s Village in Amman, Jordan
I chose this particular institution to base my international case study on because:
It is located in Jordan, which is an Arab country therefore most of the social and religious traditions that we have in Egypt will be
found there, as a result to that, they will be facing the same social constraints and advantages that I will be facing when designing.
SOS villages for orphans are international institutions that are found all over the world; they have specific design criteria and
they are known to be very successful.
Although SOS is a large institution and its projects are large scale projects, while my project is oriented towards a smaller number
of users, but SOS villages have managed to create the closest thing to a family life to her children, which is the main concern in
my design.
Most of its family houses are either one floor or two floors compact building which is what I am intending to do in my design.
Users’ profile
The SOS village is a shelter and home for a large number of children, varying in age groups.
Each house accommodates around 9 children, boys and girls and different age groups.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
The theatre building,
where they have all sorts
of entertainment for their
closed society
Outdoor stage/
roman theatre.
Children’s school, where
they spend most of their day
under the supervision of their
teachers and also under the
supervision of a psychiatric.
Example of the
landscape/ vegetation in
the site.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Example of a two
story height family
house. Entrance of the
family house.
Children from different
age groups and genders
(one family), watching TV
in the living room area.
Shows the bond in the
family life.
A surrogate mother
sitting with her children
on the dining room table,
helping them with their
homework.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Architectural Analysis
Context and surrounding:
SOS village is located in Amman, Jordan. It is
a very large piece of land, where there are 12 small
family houses (one floor houses or two floors
depending on the number of children and their age)
in a large landscape, each house containing
approximately eight-nine children (brothers and
sisters) and one surrogate mother. The village has
all the facility needed for this community to stand
on its own: Sports facilities, educational facilities
and entertainment theatre. Around the children’s
village, there are the houses of youth, where the
SOS youth move into, after they reach a certain age
(21 years old). In these houses, they learn to be
independent and engage in the society, while still
getting some help from the SOS village where they
grew up.
Sports Facilities
Typical Family
House
Main Gate
Services
building
Kindergarten
Guests and
Admin building
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Site Zoning
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Plan analysis for a typical two floors family building (two families share this house):
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
One building shared by two families, Each family has its own private area (appartement) containing:
4 bedrooms.
4 bathrooms.
One living room/ dining room.
A small storage room.
And each two families are overlooking the same outdoor area.
Zoning of an apartment plan for one family
Private area
Facilities/
Services
Garden
Indirect Relation
Direct Relation
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Conclusion
Advantages Disadvantages
Every child belongs to a family.
Every child grows with respect (children participate in making
decisions that affect their own lives), sense of security and sense of
belonging provided to him by his surrogate mother, his family and
the SOS community.
The space has all the facilities that it needs.
There is a fair amount of outdoor spaces and good vegetation.
SOS village contains encourages its children to develop all sorts of
talents though their theatre/ entertainment building, which helps in
shaping their future.
One building accommodating two families helps build an inside
community where each family enjoys the sense of having neighbors
that can help them out in time of need.
The SOS children’s village provides a closed community for the
children, which will make it harder for them to cope with the outer
world and be independent. This also does not face the problem that
orphans are not accepted in our in society and therefore are treated
equally to other children but with better circumstances.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
iv. Getting to Know My User
A. Second Visit to Dar el Rehab Orphanage
Our first visit to Dar el rehab was all about the architectural features of the orphanage also a bit informative about their lifestyle, as we went in a large
group (11 students) and we spent most of our time in examining the place and with the main surrogate mother who is also the owner (Mrs. Moshira). That is
why I had to visit the place for the second time to get to know more each and every girl. My friend and I, we went to the orphanage on a school day after they
had all finished their home-works, we spent some quality time with them, talked about all sorts of things and we even baked cookies. This experience helped
me to get familiar more of their physical and emotional needs.
Physical needs
Psychological needs
The girls have a lot of energy, that they need to express somehow,
there was a lot of running around in the place, jumping on beds,
and even going out (to the outdoor area) and in constantly. The
apartment has some short cuts, but the girls always seem to prefer
the longer way. From this, I noticed that the girls need a lot of
open space, they enjoy running around, so the inner space should
be safe and prepared for that.
Some of the girls tend to like sitting alone sometimes, as some of
them are very loud and others are more quite therefore there must
be a place where one can go and enjoy some personal space, and
this will be needed more and more as they grow up
They are isolated from their surrounding as they only feel
secure inside their home, and they are very naïve when it comes
to their experiences with the society and the outer world.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
B. Orphans’ Day
Location: Heliopolis Sporting Club in shorouk.
Number of orphanages who participated in that day: 3 orphanages.
Number of orphans: 50 children
Age of the children: 5-9 years old
FTP (For the People) organization held an orphans’ day on Friday 17th of September 2009. Their aim was to create a friendly atmosphere for the orphans,
and also to entertain them. There were all sorts of games for the children to enjoy: face painting, foot-ball matches, dancing, trampolines etc... This was a great
opportunity for me to get to know these children and try to imagine how they think and how they perceive the world around them in order to get more familiar with
their needs.
Informal Interviews
1.
Me: "Hi, would you like to draw something on your face?"
Child 1:" No, thank you"
Child 2 (running towards us after hearing me asking the first child):" Yes!"
Me:"What would you like to draw?"
Child 2: "Exactly like what is drawn on this box (referring to the colors box)"
Child 1(very enthusiastic, unlike the first time I asked him): "I want you to draw on
my face too!"
Me: "What would you like to draw?"
Child 1(pointing on his friend): "Exactly like what you drawn his face".
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
2.
Me:"What is your favorite color?"
Child A:"I don't know"
Me (addressing child B):"what is your favorite color?"
Child B (after showing him all the colors and almost insisting that he
chooses one): "Green".
Child A (watching us): "Green !".
- Typical scenarios happened when they were supposed to choose a
game to play, or in their choice of their dinner.
Observation:
- Most of the children cling to what we give them so hard, such
as toys or snacks; they don't agree to share even if it's with us.
- Most of them want to take as many as they can even if they
don't need to have that much snacks, they only stop wanting
when they are not capable of carrying anymore. (Unlike children
in Dar el Rehab Orphanage)
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Conclusion:
From the informal interviews:
-The children do not seem to have clear statements about what they want or what they need. They are not used to be given a choice, or to decide
on their own. At first I thought that this was because of their young age, but when I interviewed other children in the same age but with better
circumstances, they knew what they exactly wanted, they had very clear statements about what they want to eat, play with, and even with whom
they would like to play and where.
From the observation of their behavior:
- The children were not feeling secure, therefore, they were trying to get as much as they can NOW because they do not trust tomorrow. Not
wanting to share and clinging to the materials rather than enjoying playing with it, also indicates the feeling of insecurity.
Psychological Problems indicated:
- Insecurity.
- Lack of personal space and sense of individually (not treated as individuals but as a group).
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
v. Conclusion
Common Problems Noticed in Different Orphanages
Most of the orphanages do not provide a family life for the children, while this should be their main goal. As a result to that, the orphans do
not feel secure, and that gap form not having a parent to care for them still remains. The orphans are not treated as individuals when it comes to
their human needs; the orphanages do not consider the issue of personal space, which creates psychological problems for the children. The
orphans are rarely engaged in the society, they are not raised to be independent individuals who can face the outer world on their own and build
their own life. Most orphanages do not provide appropriate outdoor spaces for the children to enjoy the nature.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
vi. Architectural Programming
Human Needs Addressed in “Our Home” Design
The User: 20 girls (different age brackets) and 8 surrogate mothers.
Social interaction/ engaging in the society
Personal space and
personalization of spaces.
Shelter/ Home. Family life. Sense of security
and sense of belonging.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Goals and Objectives
The main purpose of “Our Home” is to address psychological and physical needs observed in the orphanages visited and especially Dar-el
Rehab, because “Our Home” project will be a customized home/orphanage for these girls. It aims to fulfill their needs keeping a flexible plan to
change according to their changing needs, it will also allow for any future extension to allow the cycle of the orphanage to continue. “Our
Home” will be a landmark, capturing people’s attention to the orphanages problem in Egypt, it will also allow the people to appreciate and
accept orphanages and orphans in the society, as this project will be built on an empty piece of land that is a garbage dump, and it will have a
bakery/café attached to it, which will act as a funding project for the orphanage and it will also serve the need of the neighborhood. Therefore the
orphanage will not need any donations; moreover, it will act like a family business for the girls making them feel more secure about their future
and allowing them to interact with the society. Not only that, but also the community will appreciate the orphanage through the parking project
that the orphanage will provide, which will act as a secondary funding project. As a result, these girls will be prepared to be independent and
face the outer world on their own not being afraid from that rejection that they could face when dealing with the society. As for its architectural
features it will have outdoor gardens and open spaces that are also private providing a nice view, and allowing natural light and ventilation in the
spaces. It will also have personalized spaces for the girls, which will allow them to feel that sense of home and it will consider their need of
personal space encouraging each and every one of them to develop a unique character and strong personality which is one of the keys of having
a successful life.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
The Context and Surrounding
The chosen site
Area of the site = 880 m^2.
The parking project
(secondary funding) Zoning of the surrounding,
illustrating the relationship
between the main street, side
streets and central garden to
the site.
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
This is the empty piece
of land where “Our
Home” project will
take place.
The land is surrounded by
residential buildings, and is
overlooking two side
streets (safe to cross)
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
This area right beside the chosen site is where a
lot of cars park because there is shortage in
parking spaces in this neighborhood. But as you
can see the cars parking is all surrounded by
garbage and the area is not well equipped.
Therefore, this land will be transformed into a
multi story parking well equipped and will serve
as a secondary funding project for “Our Home”
and a service for the neighborhood which will
make the idea of an orphanage in the
neighborhood acceptable and appreciated.
Garbage dump and
parking space
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“Our Home” Design Project: Phase1- Research | El.Ibyari
Potentials of the site:
It is right next to their home therefore, the girls will not feel the
emotional stress that can occur from leaving the home where they
were raised.
The girls will not have to change their school which they are
attached to.
By changing this piece of land (a garbage dump) into an
appealing architectural site where there is a lot of greenery the
orphanage will be appreciated by the community.
There is an empty land across the street that belongs to Dar el
Rehab which will be the funding project of the orphanage (bakery
and super-market [two things that the neighborhood does not
have, and need]).
The orphanage will take the responsibility of making a campaign
to encourage the people living in this neighborhood to fix the
large central garden. This will also help the orphans of “Our
Home” orphanage to be engaged in their society, and to take
actions rather than being passive about their less-fortunate life.
Good circulation of air, because the northern side of the land is
not blocked by any buildings, and the southern side too, so the air
can circulate freely and there will be a fair amount of natural light
to the space.
And since it is in the corner of two side streets and is overlooking
a large garden, the low rise building’s privacy will not be violated
by the high rise buildings surrounding it.
Having a parking on the other side will prevent the building of
any high rise building in that space, therefore the land has three
sides that are completely private.
The central garden
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Design Criteria
All bedrooms must have its own privacy and if possible a nice view and placed on the northern side of the site.
Bathrooms and kitchen should be placed in the southern side of the house.
Maximum use of spaces.
Engage the outdoor and indoor spaces.
Combine the fixed parts of the plan for maximum flexibility.
Use a simple grid to ensure the largest column span for flexibility.
Activities related to each other should be placed near each other, for example, dining room and kitchen.
Japanese partitions, instead of fixed walls if possible.
Ceiling higher than the usual, allowing/ expecting future expansions of building mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in floor
and ceiling.
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Work table.
Dining table
Sleeping
Minimum spaces
between two
walls (corridor)
Ergonomics
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Activity Systems
Min Area of the kitchen = 14 m^2
Kitchenette, where the surrogate mothers will be
cooking along with the girls who are interested in
cooking. It can also contain a small dining table.
Min area for the kitchenette (max 3 users)=
2.5 m^2
Flexibility in Design
Dining room accommodating 20 users:
Min area= 40 m^2
Kitchen: The Main Kitchen
where the house Cook will be
cooking with the help of the
surrogate mothers or the staff.
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Bedrooms
Bathrooms
Bedroom for two
users.
Min area= 13 m^2
The arrangement of
furniture in this room gives
each person his/her privacy
because the beds are located
in opposite directions and
on different sides of the
room.
Bedroom for two, with
space for closets and
attached to a bathroom and
shower. Area of the
bedroom= 12.5 m^2
Area of the bedroom+
bathroom area= 22 m^2
Bedroom for two, each
having his/her separate
private place, thanks to
the partition wall in the
middle of the room.
Area= 14 m^2
(Flexible Design)
Bathroom with a sink and a
square shower.
Area= 3.2 m^2
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Elements and Solutions
Some of the features included in the orphanages:
Unusual building design (irregular skyline, different materials on the façade, the use of bold colors {view mood board}), different
from its surrounding to attain the goal of being a landmark.
Large garden and open space but in the same time private and sheltered so that the user will feel secure and their personal space will
not be violated.
It will have an outlet/ small project (ex: bakery, public library, gallery room etc…), that will provide fund for the place and will engage
it in the society. It will also make the girls feel that they have a family business, which will enhance the family bond between them and
their surrogate mothers. The girls will be engaged in a way or another in this business, so they will have a touch of reality and some
experience with the outer world that they will have to face shortly on their own.
It will have personalized spaces for each girl, or for each couple of girls, depending on their needs.
Natural ventilation, wind catchers, and cross ventilations, especially in the kitchen area.
Natural light in the rooms, while taking care not to violate the privacy of the spaces.
Privacy in the main façade (view mood board 1).
Roof garden (making use of all the spaces in the orphanage).
Multipurpose rooms for the best use of spaces (view mood board 3).
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Space Program Sheet
Space Function and
molecular activity
User Spatial Relations Environmental
Quality
Office (20 m^2)
Work space for the
owner and receives
guests.
The owner. Direct relation to the
entrance and the
bathroom, indirect
relation to the outdoor
area and the private
area.
Natural light, well
ventilated and overlooking
some greenery.
Dining room (40 m^2)
Eating breakfast, dinner
and supper.
The girls with their
surrogate mothers.
Direct relation to the
kitchen, the bathroom,
and the outdoor space.
Natural light, well
ventilated and overlooking
some greenery.
Kitchen ( 14 m^2)
Cooking for the entire
house.
The cook and
sometimes the surrogate
mothers.
Direct relation to the
food storage room and
the dining room. Having
one entrance from the
staff lobby and an outlet
to the dining room.
Cross ventilated.
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Kitchenette + small cook books library
(2.5 m^2)
Cooking snacks and
quick meals. It will also
help the 4 girls (Sherifa,
Shahinaz, Hend and
Noura) who showed an
interest in cooking
practice their hobby.
The girls with the
surrogate mothers.
Direct relation to the
living room and the
bathroom.
Well ventilated (southern
side of the house).
Living room
(min of 25 m^2)
Socializing, watching
TV, playing, resting and
relaxing.
The girls and the
surrogate mothers.
Direct relation to the
kitchenette, bathroom
and indirect to the
bedrooms.
Natural light and
ventilation. View on the
outdoor garden.
Library (30 m^2)
Reading, relaxing and
enjoying personal space.
The girls and the
surrogate mothers.
Direct relation to the
outdoor area and the
bathroom.
Natural light, spacious,
comfortable and has a nice
view.
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Arts and Crafts room
(18 m^2)
Learning arts and crafts,
developing talents.
(Mariam, Ashrakat and
Amal). Spending the
spare doing something
useful (small products)
and being creative.
The girls, arts and crafts
teachers.
Direct Relation to the
bathroom.
Well ventilated and
natural light.
Play room
(18 m^2)
Playing.
The younger sector of
the kids, under the
supervision of the
mothers.
Direct relation to the
bathroom and the
bedroom.
Cozy, safe, spacious.
Natural light and well
ventilated and overlooks
the roof garden.
Study Room
(20 m^2)
Studying (individual
and in groups)
The girls. Direct relation to the
bedroom.
Spacious and has a fair
amount of natural light.
The furniture arrangement
will allow personal space.
Movable light furniture
which will allow its easy
displacement to give them
the option if they want to
study in groups.
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Bedroom
(14 m^2)
Sleeping / playing, and
sometimes studying.
The girls and the
surrogate mothers.
Direct relation to the
bathroom.
Cozy, personalized and
spacious allowing personal
space. Natural light and
ventilation.
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The Customized Spaces
Kitchenette with a small cook books library for Sherifa, Shahinaz, Hend and Noura who are interested in cooking.
This will help them learn about cooking in depth and develop their hobby into something more useful for them in the
long run for example: opening their own restaurant.
Arts and crafts room for Mariam, Amal and Ashrakat, these three girls have a promising artistic talent all they need is
a well equipped space to work in and some professional guidance that they can have from the weekly art classes that
will be given to them in this room . Providing them with this unique space will encourage them to develop their talent
and encourage other girls to discover their talents too.
Ghada and Mai seem to have a quiet personality, and they enjoy having personal space, therefore, they will have
larger spaces in their bedrooms overlooking the roof garden, they can make use of the library and the main outdoor
area too, to reflect on their own thoughts and ideas and enjoy that personal space that they miss in their current home.
As for Sahar, she likes writing and reading; therefore in her bedroom she will have a special place for writing that has
a nice view to inspire her.
Sherifa and Ashrakat seem to have a very active personality, but unfortunately they have never played any sports, so I
could not specify which type of sport they would like or would excel in, but hopefully through the two funding
projects of the orphanage, the orphanage will be able to buy a bus that can transport the girls to the nearby club, which
is el Ahly club. Where they can play all sorts of sports. The design of the orphanage will have safe outdoor spaces that
will also help the girls to express this energy.
As for the other girls who did not show a special need for a certain space, they will have a chance to enjoy the other
facilities of the house (library, outdoor spaces, arts and crafts room, work at the bakery and go to the sporting club),
and will share the personalized spaces with their sisters, helping them to discover their talents and their unique needs.
And when they do, thanks to the flexible plan of the orphanage these needs can be fulfilled.
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Bubble Diagram (Three Floors Compact Building)
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Zoning Diagram
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Sun Orientation
Site: Sun-wind orientation
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Spatial Relations Matrix Spatial Percentages
Bedrooms
Living Rooms
Kitchen and kitchenettes Bathrooms
Guests Area
Staff Area
The spaces with the largest percentage area
are: The bedrooms, the living rooms, the
outdoor gardens and the bathroom. For these
are among the most important components of
the orphanage, and will be used by large
number of users at the same time.
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A brief on Flexible Architecture
Leading architects:
Le Corbusier: in his book “Le Modulor”, Le Corbusier aimed to standardize n architectural unit, where it will be used in residential
buildings, and can be mass-produced he called this invention “L’Espri Nouveau”.
The Japanese Architect: Ikebe Kiyoshi
Kiyoshi’s aim was to create an architectural module based on the flexible nature of people’s lifestyles and social conditions.
His module was also based and related to mathematical equations as he believed that “mathematics is beauty”.
His module was also based on:
- The space needed for each person.
- The relation between people and objects.
- Emphasis on the complexity of the human nature.
- Freedom in design.
- The dimensions of the module was based on the human culture, need for space and activity.
The Creation of a Module System in Japan:
- A module based on the placement and the dimensions of the tatami mat.
- A module based on the distance between columns.
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Some of the Characteristics of flexible design:
1. Adaptable: Walls and partitions easy to move and reposition. Ex: Japanese houses
2. Open floor plan and free design: Ability to adapt to different users.
Sliding walls or partitions,
having the option to divide the
spaces and giving each space its
privacy while maintaining the
aesthetic value of the place.
Dining area, open on the
kitchen area open on the
outdoor area, giving the room
a spacious feeling, openness
and more natural light.
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3. Movable: repositionable structures can be used in the outdoor areas, creating an extra room for different purposes, or tearing down a
room to enjoy more outdoor spaces and open spaces.
4. Transformable: modular design, capable of adding or removing units, can also change form and color.
Ex: The University of Phoenix Stadium. Architects: Eisenman Architects.
5. Responsive: Can respond and adapt to different circumstances such as interaction, usage and occupation (The way we live, flexible
architecture).
Movable roof
Movable aluminum sheets(can
be rolled out) to allow more
sunlight
Living room, dining room
and library. The separation
between the spaces is
through the library book
shelves.
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vii. Concept
“Fulfillment through adaptation and flexibility”
“Our Home” is an orphanage where its habitants will enjoy family life and sense of security. The design of “Our Home” aims to satisfy
the users’ needs, taking into consideration that these needs will be changing over time therefore the plan will be a flexible plan. It will allow any
changes to happen to please the needs of the orphans, and encourage each one of them to develop a unique independent character by providing
her with personalized spaces and personal space. This project also aspires to engage orphans in the society: The funding of the project will be a
high quality service for the neighboring community, it will be a bakery attached to a grocery store and a multistory parking area as secondary
funding. When this community realizes that these orphans are useful to them and not a burden on the society they will start appreciating them
and respecting them. As a result to that, the orphans will be able to face this community with their head held high, feeling that they are needed,
appreciated and cared for. Therefore, these kids will not fear to face the outer world.
My users: 14 girls of Dar el Rehab, and I will add 6 infants to allow the continuity of my design, enhance sense of responsibility in the
older girls as they will be helping in raising these infants at a certain age and also provide a unique sense of sisterhood where to older girls will
take care of the younger ones, and the younger girls will give them back their love and appreciation.
Why did I choose the 14 girls of Dar-el Rehab in particular to base my design criteria on?
Since my mian design concept is to have a flexible plan that will change according to the needs of the users, it was better to have a
specific real life user whom I can access easily and frequently, to study their behavior closely, get to know them in person so that the plan of my
project with its fixed (constant) areas as well as its flexible (variable) areas all will be based on concrete information that I recieved from my
user. Bearing in mind that, they are not the only users of the space, and that there will be other new young users introduced to the place
therefore, some aspects in the plan will be generalized to please all users( for example the outdoor spaces and the privacy of the spaces) and to
allow this concept to be adapted by other orphanages in Egypt, creating a new generation of architecture and a new percpective of orphanages
and residential buildings.
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Family
Personal Space
Engaged in the society
Personalization of spaces
Sense of security
Plan
Flexible
Personalized
Fixed
Generalized
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The Exterior (Landmark, compact and private) Irregular skylines
A plan of a compact
residential building
Attractive/unusual
façade colors
Compact houses
Privacy in the façade overlooking
the main street (blocks of concrete,
less windows)
Different levels and
sloping roof slab.
Mood Board 1
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Outdoor Spaces (view, privacy, vegetation)
Make the best use of
spaces, by adding a
roof garden
Private gardens that are
also used as dining areas.
(making the best use of
spaces as it is a compact
design in an urban
context).
Mood Board 2
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Interiors (Personal Space, natural light, personalization and best use of spaces)
Personalized
working space
Personalized bedroom for two
children, a boy and a girl,
each half of the room has its
identity and still the space is
coherent
Natural light going in,
while respecting the
privacy of the space Family dining room
and storage area
Open space with
multi-functions
Making the best
use of spaces
Mood Board 3
Reading area
(personal space)
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viii. References
Art and decoration magazine .
Architectural Standard- Donald Watson- Time Saver Standard for Architectural Design.
Contemporist: www.contemporist.com
Japanese Touch for your House.
The Japan Architect Magazine.
Le Corbusier, Le Modular.
King, Jong- Jim . Associate Professor Ryan Brouwer. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan. NEXT 21: A
Prototype Multi-Family Housing Complex.
SOS Children’s Village in Jordan: http://www.sosjor.org/
The way we live: Flexible Architecture: http://thewaywelive.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/flexibility-in-architecture/
Visited sites:
Dar El Rehab orphanage.
Dar el Sondos for disabled orphans.
Dar el Orman orphanage.
Dar el Obour orphanage.
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