Pigs in the World

china usa brasil vietnam

ger-many

spain poland france canada india denmark

russia holland korea5000000

105000000

205000000

305000000

405000000

no. pigs

Pig Population

No. p

igs

china usa brasil vietnam

ger-many

spain poland france canada india denmark

russia holland korea0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

no. pigs

No. p

igs

Pig Population

china usa brasil vietnam

ger-many

spain poland france canada india denmark

russia holland korea25

50

75

100

125

150

175

change rate

(%)

Change in pig no.(’95-’05)

china usa ger-many

spain brasil france vietnam

poland canada denmark

russia italy phil korea0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

pork prod.

Mil. M

/T

Pork Pord. by country

Pork

pro

d.

china usa ger-many

spain brasil france vietnam

poland canada denmark

russia italy phil korea0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

pork prod.

Mil. M

/T

Pork

pro

d.

Pork Pord. by country

chian usa ger-many

spain brasil france vietnam

poland canada denmark

russia italy phil korea0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

% change

(%)

% change in pork prod.

japan italy russia china uk korea0

200000

400000

600000

800000

pork import

Pork

im-

port

Pork import

denmark canada usa holland brasil belgium france spain0

250,000

500,000

750,000

1,000,000

1,250,000

pork export

Pork

ex-

port

Pork export

Pork per capita/yr, kg

Pork consumption by in-come

자료 : whole pig, 1999

france spain den holland ger uk italy korea-a korea-b0

25

50

75

100

125

150

etc. labor var. cost feed

pen

ce

Production Cost

1,850won

2,621won

2,430won

Sung H Kim and Hak Kyo LeeGyongi Regional Research Center, Hankyong

National University, Korea

Korea Breeding Pig In-dustry

– Now and Future

Past

Raising Pigs

Customer: Packer

Target : Productiv-

ity

Dressing %

Now

Producing

Pork

Customer: Con-

sumer

Target: High quality

and Safe Pork

Introduction: Pork Producer

Pig Farmers Pork Producers

Introduction: Pork Producer

Pork Producers produce

• Higher Quality Pork• With Lower Production Cost

• For consumers

To make Maximum Profit.

Introduction: Pork Producer

Pork Producers pro-duce

• High Quality Pork• With Lower Produc-

tion Cost• To consumers

For Maximize Sus-tainable Profit.

Sows

Boars

Breed

ing

Pig

Korea Pig Industry

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20105000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

5000

20000

35000

50000

65000

No. pigs No. producers

No. pigs and producers

Korea Pig IndustryNo. pigs per producers

1993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920100

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

84.2109.8140.8

195.8

294.1279.4321.7344.5

446.5514.7

605.6671

729

830

977

118312041253

No. pigs by produ...

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20095000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

10000000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

no. Pigs

slaughter Pigs

Pig

Pop

ula

tion

Sla

ug

hte

r Pig

sKorea Pig Industry

No. pigs and slaughters

Korea Pig Industry

Sow to Boar ratio by year

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010750

850

950

1050

15

25

35

45

55

no. sows no. boars

14:1

44:1

unit: thousand

Pork Production System

Berk-shire

Native Br.

Breeding Pig Industry

FunctionNo.

Farms

No. sows

Dam line Sire line Etc.

GGP

GGP+GP

GP

GGP+GP+C

H

GP+CH

Total

21

36

46

15

9

127

3,902

20,247

19,239

11,522

1,315

56,225

890

2,060

-

737

846

4,533

1,916

2

3,680

30

-

5,628

Table 2. Number of breeding pig farms by their function.

Breeding Pig Industry

BreedLand-race

Large White

DurocBerk-shire

etc. total

Sows

Boars

Total

14,852

666

15,518

41,373

751

42,124

2,197

453

2,650

2,076

104

2,180

5,74

4

166

5,91

0

66,24

2

2,140

68,38

2

Table 3. Number of breeding pigs by breed in registered breeding pig producers.

Breeding Pig Industry

Breeding Pig Industry

  1998 2002 2004 2008

AI studs

Boars

Semen

sold

(thou-

sand)

45

810

na1

 

50

2,290

na1

 

56

2,682

3,098

 

49

3,293

3,583

 

Table 4 Number of AI studs and semen sold by year.

1: na: not available

Breeding Pig Industry

 Days to

90kgor ADG1

Backfat Thick-ness

FCR1

Perfor-mance Re-quirements

135daysor 1,000g

15mm 2.2

Table 5. The minimum performance require-ments

for AI boars.

1: Average daily gain and Feed conversion rate

during 30-90kg body weight,

Breeding Pig Industry

Breed 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

USA

Canad

a

EU

etc.

Total

560

538

501

-

155

9

102

7

357

-

30

141

4

901

354

19

-

127

4

452

297

-

11

760a

690

327

344

-

136

1

119

0

350

41

-

158

1

103

9

762

481

-

228

2

659

110

1

277

26

206

3

592

477

195

-

126

4

205

102

-

-

307

b

Table 6. Number of breeding pigs imported by country and year.

a: reduced for swine fever, b: reduced due to Avian Flu.

Breeding Pig Industry

Breed2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Philip-

pines

Malaysia

Vietnam

Cambo-

dia

etc.

Total

114

-

-

-

200

314

93

109

80

-

-

282

-

34

-

-

-

34

- -

225

-

612

-

26

863

-

-

-

-

-

86

86

-

-

-

300

79

379

Table 7. Number of breeding pigs exported by country and year.

Breeding Pig Industry

Sex No.Days to

90kgBF LEA1 Meat

%

Fe-

male

Male

34,40

6

9,894

154.8

146.2

13.1

11.1

29.4

27.9

58.5

59.5

Table 8. The results of farm test of the pure-bred

from GGP in 2008

1: Loin Eye Area

Breeding Pig Industry

  A1 B1 C1

Korea aver-age3

TB2

NBA2

Litters/

y/s

NW2

12.2

11.03

2.34

10.03

11.57

10.80

2.43

9.46

14.19

12.46

-

9.39

-

10.53

-

-

Table 9. Reproduction performance of some GGP in 2009.

1: three farms from major breeding pig producers in GGP level. 2: total born(TB), number born alive(NBA) and number weaned(NW), respectively. 3: average from 16,808 purebred LW and L sows litters in 2008, data from KAIA

Now and Future

Policies for Breeding pig Industry

• Financial supports for renovating GGP farms

• Core AI studs for sharing superior boars between breeding pig producers

• Developing software for genetic estima-tion through BLUP and Animal Mode

Now and Future

Pig Breeding

Improving the Performance+

Maintaining the improved per-formance

• Selection• Breeding

Strategy

• Genetic Net-work

• Mating Sys-tem

Now and Future

Core AI Stud

Building genetic relationships be-tween GGP farms

Build the networking systemConnected genetically

Bigger genetic populationRapid genetic progress

Acknowledgement

Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (http://www.mifaff.go.kr),

Korean statistical information service (http://kosis.kr)

Korea Animal Improvement Association (http://www.aiak.or.kr).

This work was supported by the GRRC pro-gram of Gyeonggi province.( GRRC2010-B03)

Korea Breeding Pig In-dustry

– Now and Future

Thank you

Pig Industry II

Hankyung Univ.Sung Hoon Kim

Breeding Pig Industry

note

No. of Sows 900,000

Replacement rate

35% 40%/yr

Culling rate 10% 15%

Potential de-mand

350,000

Replacement Gilts

900,000 x 35% ÷ 90% x 70%

Actual demand 245,000 70%

No. sold per company in 2008

• Over 20,000/yr : Kaya, Darby, Sunjin, NH

• Over 5,000/yr : Gusi, Kumbo, Farmsco

• Etc. : PIC, EZbio…

Breeding pig supplier

NoteNo. of sows 900,000

Litter/sow/yr 2.4

Amples/mat-ing

2.3

Farrowing rate

85%

Potential de-mand

5,845,000

Semen

Optimum boar no. of AI studs in Korea 4,091,000 ÷ 1200(100ample/mon/boar) = 3,400

Actual de-mand

4,091,000

AI Stud 70%

3,300 boars in 49 Studs • Over 20,000/month :

Darby, Sunjin, Semen Bank, North, West

• Over 10,000/mon : Farms world, Dodram, Gimje…

Semen from AI Stud

Integration

Leadership

Packer

▷Needs from Packer

▷Breeder, Farms,

Feed

Cooperatives

▷ Group Purchase, Group Marketing

▷Breeder, Feed,

Packer

Feed Mill

▷Needs from Feed

mill

▷Breeder, Farm,

Packer

Ownership

Maximize (vertical)

▷ Own all value

chain

▷ Stable Integration

Minimize (horizontal)

▷ Contracts

▷ Fortify control

power

Intermediate

▷ Own, Contracts

Example

USA (Smithfield)

▷27 mil/yr (’06,12%)

▷Packer, Max

Denmark (DC/DMA)

▷21 mil./yr (’06,96%)

▷ Coop., Min

Korea

▷ 2.5 mil/yr (20%)

▷ Feed Mill, Mid.

Pig Integration

Breeder Feed mill

FarmMgmt

Pork Value Chain

Production

Where the needs meet between production and marketing.

stable market place

- marketing channel

Higher price

Distribution

stable source

- same amount all year round

uniform and excellent

pork

Pig Integration in Korea

Using same Breeding Pig, Feed, Management

Weak leadership under low binding contracts.

Key Success Factor : Low Production Cost and High Qual-

ity Pork

Concept of Pig Integra-tion

• Good for consumer. • Always same quality as ex-pected.

• Uniformity!!!• Most influencing factor on pork quality is

Cooking !!!

Pork Quality

Breeding Pig

Breeding Pig

Performance

▷ Healthe Status

▷ Sire : Pork Qual-

ity

▷Dam :Reproductivi

ty

Sales Power

▷ Timing and

amount

▷ F1 gilts and se-

men

Farm, Feed Mill

Productivity

▷Low Production

Cost

▷ Specialization

Total Service

▷ Vet, Manage-

ment, Facility,

Waste tmt

▷ F1 gilts and se-

men

Slaughter, Marketing

Pork Quality ▷ Grade A, B, 1+

▷ Uniformity

▷ PSE (pH), Drip Loss

Differentiation ▷ Functional Prod-ucts

▷ Breed,

KSF for Pig Integration

Specialization

- 50 -

GGP (Great Grand Parent)

CH (Commercial Herd)

Roll : Genetic im-provement

Replacement itself : 3,000

Roll : slaughter pig(17 mil.)

Demand of F1 gilts : 262,500

Sow 900,000

GP (Grand Parent)

Roll : producing F1 gilts

Replacement pure-breed gilt : 21,000두

52,500

6,000

Production Pyramid

Production Pyra-mid

6,000

52,500

900,000

AI stud3,400 GGP

GP

CH

Breeder(AI Stud)

Pork Pro-ducer

Expensive

Genetic Improvement

Profitability Farm Magmt Heterosis

Specialization = Roll sharing

• Excellent Performance.

(Systematic Breeding Scheme.)

• High Health Status.

• Can Produce Uniform Quality Pork

Condition of Gilts and Semen

Breeding = Improvement + Maintenance• Basic : Genetic Potential• Improvement : Test, Evaluation, Selection• Maintenance : Systematic Mating

GGP : Breeding

Systematic Mating

A DCB E♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂

AB DECDBC EA♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂

ABCD DEABCDEABCDE EABC

♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂

A(BCD)E

D(EAB)C

C(DEA)B

B(CDE)A

E(ABC)D

Inbreeding coeff.=0.0 after 7 geneation with 60 sows

Breeding = Selection + Mating• Selection : improve as cus-tomers want

• Mating : Develop Korean Pig, Producing uniform pork

Pig Breeding

GP and AI Stud

AI Stud

GGP

Pork Producers

GP

GP and AI Stud

GP

Excellent Gilts

High health F1

Disease Monitor-

ing System

AI Stud

Excellent Boar

High health F1

Disease Monitor-

ing System

Supply high health gilts and semen

Pig Improvement• Individual GGP : Impossible• Effective Improvement : Size

• Network for GGP should be compulsory

Pig Improvement Net-work

• Should have experi-ence

• Compulsory(?)• Understandings for target country

Export

Genetic DAUGHTER GRAIN Source NUCLEUS PRODUCTION

(CHM) Stud F-1 gilt “Feed Production MILL”

SOW FARM

NURSERY WEAN & TO FINISHER FINISH

Slaughter Plant Further

processing FRESH PROCESSED Retail store

Farmer ownsManagement Contracts

Pipestone System

Thank You

Discussion