Post on 20-Aug-2015
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V.
7o WORKSHOP INTERNACIONAL SENAI
“MATERIAIS”30 de ogosto 2012; Criciúma – SC – Brasil
"Tendências de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação dos Materiais para Aplicações Industriais"
„Pesquisas em materiais poliméricos: tendências internacionais
para o setor industrial”
Erich Meusel; Rüdiger Strubl; Wolfgang Müller; Ralf-Peter Gottlöber;
Nicole Klose; Frances Stöckner; Anne Böhm; Klaus Heinemann
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V.
07407 Rudolstadt - Schwarza; GERMANY
http://www.titk.de; E-Mail: heinemann@titk.de
Prof. Dr. Klaus Heinemann
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V.
Disposition
Prof. Dr. Klaus Heinemann
� TITK – industrial polymeric materials research institute,in the Free State "Thuringia"; Germany
� Material design using native polymers, esp. Cellulose
� Fibre reinforced materials for the lightweight construction
� Nano-composites– polymer materials with uncommon properties
� Specialized additives aiming at "macromolecular engineering"
���� Reactive "lcp’s": � Basic concept for „lc- PEIA”� Selected results
���� FunctionalizedNano- layered silicates: � PEIA- modified „nanoclays”
� antibacterial „nanoclays”
���� Additives enrichedat filament surface: � Conception – basic idea
� Design and synthesis of the novel additives� Filament properties – first results� Résumé and outlook
� Functional polymer systems and "POLYTRONIC"
„Polymer materials research:International highly topical trends for the industry sector”
the TITK
ALCERU® high tech
Fibre reinforcement
Nano- composites
Specializedadditives
- reactive lcp’s
- PEIA-nanoclays
- antibac- nanoclays
- additives enriched
at the surface
POLYTRONIC
Fig. 02
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff- Forschung e.V.
for a progressive productive small and medium-sized industry
Dr.-Ing. Ralf-Uwe Bauer
Managing Director of the TITK reg. assoc.
Innovation Competence Quality
The TITK – 58 Years Industrial Research
Chemical Research
Textile and MaterialResearch
PlasticsResearch
FunctionalPolymerSystems andphysical Research
TITK – the Research Institutefor
Polymer Materials
Innovation Competence Quality
Thuringian Institute for Plastics Research Rudolstadt/ Germany
Department of Functional Polymers Systems
Rudolstadt
A9
A4
A71
B88
B88B85
JenaWeimarErfurt
Ilmenau
Rudolstadt
Saalfeld / ICE
Thuringia
“Technology triangle” Jena – Rudolstadt – Ilmenau
Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena
Ilmenau University of Technology
Center for Micro- andNanotechnology
Thuringian Institute for Textile and Plastics Research (TITK) Rudolstadt / Germany
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
TITKThuringian Institute for Textile and Plastics Research reg. assoc.
Employee: 133 Member: 89 Budget: 10 million EURO
Research & Developmentregarding Materials,Processing and Technologies
OMPGEast Thuringian Material Testing Comp. for Textiles and Plastics
Employee: 44
Turnover: 5 million EURO
(100% subsidiary of TITK)Materials Testing and Characterization Services
25,1 % 28 % 33 % 50 % 34 %
AP®FIBREGmbH
Rudolstadt
Technologiegesell-schaft Thüringen mbG & Co. KG
Rubitherm Compound
GmbH
TITK - Network
Fig. 06
Shanghai Lyocell Chemical Fibre
Engineering
Development Co., Ltd.
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V.
OP G
M
� Advisory Centre regarding Material Applications� Analyses of Recycling Materials� Investigations
SERVICE
Ostthüringische Materialprüfgesellschaft m. b. H.Accredited Testing of Plastics
TESTINGS� Thermical testings� Mechanical testings� Optical testings
� Flammability testings� Electrical testings� Rheological testings
ANALYSES� Identification of plastics� Chemical Analyses� Damage analyses
� Particle andSurface analyses
Fig. 07
� „Co-Benefactor” of the endowed professorship „Plastics technology”at the "University of Technology Ilmenau"
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
TITK - Network
including: Production of
applicators for theCosmetic Industryby electrostatic coatingusing flock fibres
Research & Development regardingMaterials, Processing and Technologies
East Thuringian Material Testing Companyfor Textiles and Plastics
(100% subsidiary of TITK)Materials Testing andCharacterization Services
Fig. 08
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
Strategic Research Orientation: Industrial Utilization
Functional Polymer
Systems Research
Textile and Material Research
Native Polymers andChemical Research
Plastics Research
Functional Polymers – Composite MaterialsStructural Polymers – Plastics Processing
Portfolio
• Research and Development Services: Processes and Materials
• Materials Testing and Characterization Services
• Selling of Products and Materials resulting from previous Research and
Development Activities and produced in small scale production
• Selling of own Patents respectively Licences
Research Services, providing the Expertise and Potentials of the TITK
to the small and medium-sized companies for their own developments
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
Department: “Native Polymers and Chemical Research”
Field of Research: Structural and functional materialsbased on “Native Polymers”
Competences:
- Characterization of polymers and polymer solutions
- Shaping of native polymersinto monofilaments, multifilaments, fibres, films and beadsby means of “dry -wet” or “wet” techniques
- Chemical modification of polysaccharides and proteinsas well as their shaping for technical applications
- Technologies for production of ceramic fibres and foils
Fig. 10
Dr. Frank Meister – Head of the department
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff- Forschung e.V.
Dr.-Ing. Ralf-Uwe Bauer
Managing Director of the TITK reg. assoc.
2µm
ALCERU® -products – an Overview
ALCERU® supersorb
ALCERU®
conductive0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 10 20 30 40 50
SAP-Gehalt [%]
WRV [%]
Destw asser
0.9% NaCl-Lösung
künstl. Blut
ALCERU® exchange
REM micrograph of ALCERU-supersorb fibres
1. “Native Polymers and Chemical Research”
ALCERU® piezo
ALCERU® antibacterial
ALCERU® ceramic0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Transverse pore diameter [nm]
PS
D (
volu
me)
34± 5 nm Polymer/Solvent-System : Polystyrene/THF
Pore surface/pore volume : 59 ± 10 m3/cm3
Water retention behaviour: 16 cm3/g
Information: PSS GmbH Mainz
ALCERU® beads
+Ag+
ALCERU® duotherm
Chemical Research
Textile and MaterialResearch
PlasticsResearch
FunctionalPolymerSystems andphysical Research
Dr. Frank Meister, Head of Department Fig. 12
Yarn composition / Fibrecharacteristics- cellulose > 47 %- PCM component 30 - 40 % (absolute)- minerals about 7 %- humidity < 12 %- finishing agent < 2 %- fibre fineness 2.2 - 6.7 dtex (according to customers demands)- staple length 38 - 60 mm (according to customers demands)- tenacity > 16 cN/tex- fibre elongation > 10 %- typical phase change temperature* 28 - 35 C
Effectivity: • proved washing permanence up to 50 washing cycles at 60 C • excellent textile processability and dyeable in all colour gradations • at least 10 % of Cell SolutionTM clima fibres in blended yarn
(cotton, lyocell, viscose, wool, polyamide, polyester, ...) or fabric are recommended • outstanding wearing comfort and micro climate because of
excellent skin temperature regulation in bed textiles & heat or cold protection clothes
"Cell SolutionTM clima"– a high potential PCM micro-composite material –
Composition: • a new textile micro-composite material with thermo regulating properties
• PCM (Phase Change Material) is directly and permanently embeddedin the fibre cross-section via dry-jet-wet spinning process
• highest heat storage capacity (up to 40 Joules per gram of fibre)
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-ForschungFig. 13
T-shirt made of yarnscontaining 7 % functional fibres"Cell SolutionTM protection"
Requirements:→ increasing of blocking effect
regarding blood-sucking insects
→ lower insecticide contaminationof clothes wearer
Evaluationof fibres and fabrics madefrom insect blocking fibresdemonstratethe functionalityeven after 50 washing cyclesand their safetyat typical usage
Permethrin-based Nanocomposite ALCERU®-Fiber
3-Phenoxybenzyl(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Permethrin
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
Flame-resistant melamine melt-blown fibre mats
MER melamine resin granulate
Catalyst
+
Crosslinking>180°°°°C
Tempering,FinishingConsolidation(if needed)
Hot air
Meltblownfibre jet
Conveying screen
Scheme of modified meltblown process (mini plant at TITK):
• typical value ranges: 10 µm ~1µm, 35 - 350 g/m²,
30 cm width (pilot plant)
• inherent flame resistance: LOI = 32
• don‘t shrink, melt or drip when exposed to a flame
• excellent heat dimensional stability
• high thermal & acoustic insulation properties
• textile processability
• self- bonded web
• high filtration efficiency
• Excellent chemical resistance especiallyagainst
alkali and organics; fair acid - resistant
Fig. 14
ConstructionalIndustry
Dr. Renate Lützkendorf, Head of Department
Research Fields
► Fibre Reinforced Composites –materials and their productiontechnologies
► Technical Textiles – textile composites,sandwich- structures (light-weight materials) and recycling as well as reutilization processes
► Materials Testing /Characterization
Fig. 15
2. “Textile and Material Research”
► High Performance Fibres and Textile Fabrics
– Usage as reinforcing materials
and other technical applications –
Dr. Renate Lützkendorf, Head of Department
2. “Textile and Material Research”
Fiber reinforced composites – New developments:
Composites – reinforced with CARBON fibres
Composites – reinforced with ARAMIDE fibres
"Long fibres reinforced granulates" developments
Matrix materials: PP; PA 6; PA 6.6
ARAMIDE - content: up to 70%
Applications: - Compounding;- Injection moulding
Industry: - Automobiles- Tyres
and
ARAMIDE - Recycling fibres Thermoplastic Matrix fibres
result in
Long fibresreinforcedgranulates
Fig. 16
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff- Forschung e.V.
Dr.-Ing. Ralf-Uwe Bauer
Managing Director of the TITK reg. assoc.
3. “Plastics Research”
Focus of Research Activities
► Development of Formulations,Processing technologies and Processing methods
► Characterization of the Material Behaviour ofthermoplastic polymers with the main topics:
- Nanocomposites: CarbonNanoTubes (CNT)
expanded graphite
layered silicates- Compounds using el. conductive additives – EM- Shielding
- Synthetic / Natural / Glass Fibre reinforced Compounds
- Fire - retardant modification and testing- in-situ-Modification of Polyesters / Polyamides- Catalysis of Polyesters / Polyamides
- “Nanocapsules” with core - shell architectures
by means of DENDRITIC POLYMERS
► Transfer Centre for Technologies of material specific Plastics Recycling
► Material specific Plastics Recycling –Conceptions, Processes, Products
Films and Sheets
Compounding
Extrusion
Injection Moulding
Dr. Stefan Reinemannhead of the department
����
����
����
Chemical Research
Textile and MaterialResearch
PlasticsResearch
FunctionalPolymerSystems andphysical Research
Dr. Stefan Reinemann, Head of Department
3. Department: “Plastics Research”
"Falling-ball impact test" (- 30°C)
0% PAN 10% PAN 20% PAN 30% PAN
Fibre reinforced Polypropylene – using “Synthetic fibres”, e.g. PET or PAN
Results using PAN – fibres:
- increase of the STRENGTH: up to 30%
- enhancement of the STIFFNESS: up to 50%
- improvement of the IMPACT TOUGTNESS: up to 500%
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
2. Department: “Plastics Research”
Effect of
"PA6/PP-OMMT-Nanocomposite" – Blends
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V.
Heat accumulating and Heat storing polymer granulates
„accumulating“ process loaded „pull - out“ process unloaded
Fig. 20
REM Foto: Einlagerung des Wärmespeicher-Paraffins
in der Polymermatrix
• PCM – containing Polymer Granulate Material:
• Melting temperatures of the PCMs usedare determining the accumulating and the“pull - out” temperatures of the heat storage granul es,
[e.g. (6 / 42 / 52 / 58 und 82) °C]
Applications as buffer store for:
- Thermal Solar Collectors
- Heat Pumps (cold and/or warm site)
- Solid-phase burning oven / oil or gas burner / air-conditioning systems, engine heat
3. Department: “Plastics Research”
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V.
21
Station III : Floor heating zone
Reference and Demonstration apparatus at TITK
• Heated area – office floor: ca. 60 m²
• Collector area: ca. 52 m2
• 20 Sunlight Collectors:
(BUDERUS® SKB4.0-w)
• Installed Solar power: 26 – 31 KW
• Phase Change Temperature: 42 °C
• PCM - Granulate Mass: 1000 kg
height of the granulate bed: 4 cm
• Heat power Output: ca. 40 kW
• Floor surface temperature: ca. 30 °C
Heat accumulating and Heat storing polymer granulates
Fig. 1: Schematic Planof the Solar – ThermalFloor Heating
Fig. 2: Schematic Layoutof the Floor
Fig. 21
TITK- department: “Plastics Research”
Dr. Stefan Reinemann; head of the department
► Syntheses of POLYESTERS (PET, PTT, PBT and PEN) ► Modification of polyesters using Co-monomers► "in-situ"- modification of polyesters using various additives► Evaluation of catalyzer systems for polyester syntheses► Equipment:
� 2L-Autoclave- overpressure up to 15 bar- polymer yield up to 1 kg
► Syntheses of POLYAMIDES (PA 6, PA 6.6) ► Modification of polyamides using Co-monomers► "in-situ"- modification of polyamides using additives► Equipment:
� 5L-Autoclave- overpressure up to 20 bar- polymer yield up to 3 kg
► New equipment for "up-scaling" of polymer syntheses,
including “Finisher” to increase the melt viscosity (mbatch ~ 30 kg)
“Autoclave Technology”
10L-Autoclave for (trans)esterification
and polycondensation
� 10L-Autoclave- overpressure up to 20 bar- polymer yield up to 6 kg
� 10L-Autoclave (t < 320 °°°°C)- overpressure up to 25 bar- polymer yield up to 5 kg
Fig. 22
Department:„Functional Polymer Systemsand Physical Research”
consists of two Research Teams:
Synthetic Functional Polymer Materials and –composites
Organic Nano- Layers and – layer systems as well as
Micro Structuring and –materials patterning technologies
for POLYMER ELECTRONIC– (IC&M– Technologies),
MICROSYSTEM–, MEDICINE– and TRANSPORT Applic.
Chemical and physico-chemical modification of
technical „High-Performance”- and „High-Tech”– polymersusing functional, migrating or reactive additives to thegeneration of specific surface or interface propertiesand/or special material functionalities,including their processing to films and filaments
for the FIBRE– and POLYMER PROCESSING INDUSTRIE
Head of the department: Prof. Dr. Klaus Heinemann
Fig. 24
„Synthesis Chemistry”
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
CO
C
N N
n_LCP– modified polyamide and polyester resins and fibres
_Flame- retardant polyamide and polyester resins and fibres
_ Surface- modified polymer films and fibres
_ “reactive polymer blending” and fibres thereof
_ Polymer modification by “reactive compounding” using
"chain extender" or "reactive modifier" and fibres thereof_
Permanent hydrophobic modification of polyamides & polyesters
_ Permanent hydrophilic modification of polyamides & polyesters
_ Fluorescent polyamide and polyester fibres
_ Functional polymer systems for smart fibres and smart textiles
_ Bi-component – High temperature – melt spinning technology
with velocities up to 6.000 m/min (LOY,POY,HOY,FOY)
Fig. 25Reaction of lc– poly (esterimide anhydrides) with PA 6
in molten state to form graft - block- copolyesterimides
2- ( 2 n + 2 ) H O
( 2 n + 2 ) COOHPA 6H2N+
ZSK 25Fa. Werner&Pfleiderer
ϑϑϑϑ = 250 °C
m = 6,5 kg / h
DZ = 200 / min
t = 2 min
OC
O
OC
OCO
CO OCO
CO
CO
O
COn
O
PA
COOH
PA
COOH
n
OC
N
OC
PAHOOC
OCN
CO
C
NC
O
PA COOH
OCN
CO
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V.
Mode of action in polyamide fibres
reactive lcp’s
PEIA &
Nanoclays
“Antibac –Nanoclays”
Additives enriched at the surface
conception
basic idea
objectives
syntheses
processing
results
analyses
résumé
outlook
the TITK
Fig. 26
UV- or light stabilizer molecule
PA 6 – incompatible component (migration causing element)
component with PA 6 – affinity(anchoring segment) PA6 – fibre surface
� Spontaneous migration of the stabilizer additives during the fibre forming process
➄➄➄➄ Enrichment of the stabilizer molecules nearby the boundary layer of PA fibre
� Immobilization of the complex additives molecule in the accomplished fibre
� Improved light protection efficiency by accessibility of stabilizer molecules in the surface region
in reality:
FORMATIONFORMATIONFORMATIONFORMATION
OF AOF AOF AOF A
CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION
GRADIENT !GRADIENT !GRADIENT !GRADIENT !
may be expected
Prof. Dr. Klaus Heinemann
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung Steffi SensfussThüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-ForschungThüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung Dr. R. Strubl und TeamFig. 27
Application of a novel Silver Salt – Complex in PA 6.6
Reference 250 ppm 750 ppm 1500 ppm 5000 ppm
„Reactive Complex- forming agent s – Biocides”
Fig. 28 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
“Modular multifunctional apparatus for additive syntheses”
Fig. 29
“Modular multifunctional apparatus for additive syntheses”
Chemical syntheses in liquid media,also under explosion-protected conditions
► Batch- Volumes: 10 Litre (stainless steel) and 16 Litre (titanium)
► Reaction temperatures: up to 200 °C up to 300 °°°°C
► Reaction pressures: up to 0,5 bar
► Reaction media: homogeneous and heterogeneous phases
► Isolation of products: vacuum distillation; evaporation;phase separation; Extraction;
for: • alkylations; acylations• halogenations; nitrations; sulphonations; epoxidations
• esterifications; transesterifications; amidations; saponification
► Calorimetry of reactions, also in case of increased pressure (100 bar)
► Online-IR-Spectroscopy for reaction analysis und -optimization ( 7 bar)
Compound separations by vacuum distillation up to 15 kg/h (offer of service)
Chemical syntheses at „Kilogram – scale“ (customer order)
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
Fig. 30
„Processing Equipment”
Department of FUNCTIONAL POLYMER SYSTEMS
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
Fig. 31 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
Micro – twin-screw – melt compounder & spinning device
Technical Parameters: - Polymer melt temperatures: ϑϑϑϑ ≤≤≤≤ 350 °°°°C;
- Melt volume – Polymer mass: v = 5,5 cm3; m ~ 8 g !!!;- Screw speed: n = (1 … 360) min-1
HAAKE „MiniLab”Thermo ELECTRON GmbH
76227 Karlsruhe
Fig. 32 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
Micro – melt spinning apparatus
���� Micro–extrusion system „Minitruder” (Fa. Randcastle Inc.; USA)
- Polymer melt temperatures: ϑϑϑϑmax ≤≤≤≤ 430 °°°°C
- throughputs: 10 - 120 g/h or 80 - 980 g/h
Fig. 33 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
Bicomponent–High temperature–melt spinning devicewith winding speeds up to 6.000 m/min
Bicomponent nozzle
outer innerannular gap
(sheath) (core)
Quelle: EMPA & Fa. Fourné
Fig. 34
„POLYTRONIC”
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Rüdiger Strubl & Team
Focus: Generation of polymer-based electronic system components
Functional Polymer Systems: „from Material – to System”
Technology developments in the direction of „upscaling“ ofexplored microtechnologies of "polymer engineering" in favour of the scientific and technical prearrangement of the serial manufacturing of:
– Polymer-based field effect transistors and integrated circuits,– Sensors,– Actuators,– Photovoltaic Cells und Modules as well as– Modules by using substances with „switchable“
electrochromic, photochromic and thermochromic properties;
for applications regardinginformation-, communication- and media technology, microelectronics, microsystems-, medical- and traffic technology, including"Reel-to-Reel"- Technologies for - coating
and - micro structuring
Fig. 35 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Mario Schrödner & Team
Department: “Functional Polymer Systems”
I. Topic: Polymer Electronic Applications
Schematic View of a PFET (Polymer-Field-Effect-Transistor)
on a flexible polymer film
Insulator (d: 400 nm – 1.000 nm
Semi conductor
(d: 5 nm – 50 nm)
2 mm
Gate electroded: 100 - 3.000 nm
metal or conducting polymer (PANI, PEDOT:PSS)
Poly(3-alkyl-
thiophenes)
metal, ITO or conducting polymer (PANI,
PEDOT:PSS)
flexible polymer substrate – d: 100 - 200 µm
PET;PI;ABS;glass
0,5 - 3 mm
source
drain
Fig. 36 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V. Dr. Mario Schrödner & Team
II. Topic: Flexible Polymer Photovoltaic
Possible Applications:
• Solar cells on tents (esp. for aid organisations)
• Solar cells on textiles [esp. for military and sport textiles (GPS)]
• Solar cells on credit cards(credit cards – real „smart cards”)
Department: “Functional Polymer Systems”
Fig. 37 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung (TITK) e. V.Frau Dr. Steffi Sensfuß & Team
II. Topic: Flexible Polymer Photovoltaic
P Possible Applications:
Modules oncurved surfaces
80
.9
0
21580 #*
74 6
9
3
Smart cards
Consumer electronics
Portable PV-Modules
electronictextiles
intelligentpackaging
Building Integration
(BIPV)
II. Topic: Polymer Solar CellApplications:
Dr. Schrödner & Team
department: „Functional Polymer Systems”– "POLYTRONIC"
I. Topic:
Polymer-Field-Effect-Transistors
Schematic Drawing PFET
III. Topic:
Micro- and Nanometre-thin Functional Layers
by „Reel - to - Reel”–Technology
Coating Equipment "LBA 200"Fig. 38
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
Trocknung-/
Erstarrungsstrecke
LösungsmittelAntrag
IR-Feld
Abwicklung Aufwicklung
Beschich-
tungsmittel
Corona
Rolle - zu - RolleSteuerung
PC
T
Frau DP K. Schultheis; Dr. L. BlankenburgFig. 39
Reel – to – Reel coating equipment „LBA 200”
Parameters:Width of the substrate tape: ≤ 20 cmSpeed of the tape: ≤ 10 m/min
Corona Activation: 2.5 kWInfrared – dryer: 3.4 kWHot air – dryer: 80 – 120 °C
Continuous wet coating using
diluted polymer- solutions/ -dispersions
by means of „Reel- to-Reel–Technology”
Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung
Roll-to-Roll (R2R) Coating Technology processing flexible Polymer Solar Cells
Frau DP K. Schultheis; Dr. L. BlankenburgFig. 40
Processing parameters R2R
Materials- Substrate: PET/ITO (175 µm)- Baytron PH (~100 nm)- P3HT/PCBM (1:1) 1.2% in Chlorobenzene (~60 - 150 nm)
Technology parameters- Corona – pre- treatment: 200 W- Velocity of the band: 1 - 2 m/min- Width of the slot: 3 - 5 cm- Dosing rate: 1 - 5 ml/min
- Circulating air drying: 80 °C (Baytron)
Completing of the Cells - discontinuous- Vapour deposition of the Al- electrode
- Annealing: 5 min at 100°C
Measuring conditions – Cell characterisation- AM 1.5- Cell dimension: 5x5 mm²- environmental conditions
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
-0,5 0 0,5 1
bias [V]cu
rren
t [m
A/c
m2]
dark
illuminated
ISC: 6.13 mA/cm2
VOC: 618 mV
FF: 0.46
ηAM1.5: 1.74 %
Efficiencies: „Spincoating” = 5,4 % → „R2R” = 1,7 % → 4,5 %
Spin coating Doctor blading continuous coating R2R