Post on 22-Mar-2016
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NUCLEICNUCLEIC ACIDS ACIDSŠárka DvořákováŠárka DvořákováMichaela MášováMichaela Mášová
14.4.2005 Z 3
Linear polymers consisting of Linear polymers consisting of repeating nucleotid units linked by repeating nucleotid units linked by phosphodiester bondsphosphodiester bonds
Types of Nucleic acids:Types of Nucleic acids: - - DNA ( 2- deoxy- DNA ( 2- deoxy- ββ-D-deoxyribonucleic -D-deoxyribonucleic
acid )acid ) - RNA ( - RNA ( ββ -D –ribonucleic acid ) -D –ribonucleic acid )
Structure Structure components of components of nucleic acids : nucleic acids :
- bases- bases- sugar - sugar - phosphate ester - phosphate ester
Bases and sugarsBases and sugars
DifferenceDifference RNARNA- bases: adeninebases: adenine guanineguanine thyminethymine cytosinecytosine- sugar: D –ribosesugar: D –ribose- phosphate ester phosphate ester
DNADNA- bases: adeninebases: adenine guanineguanine uracileuracile cytosinecytosine- sugar: 2 –deoxy-D sugar: 2 –deoxy-D
–ribose–ribose- phosphate ester phosphate ester
Structure of DNAStructure of DNA The structure of DNA consists of two polynucleotide strains wound around The structure of DNA consists of two polynucleotide strains wound around
each other to form a right – handed double helixeach other to form a right – handed double helix There are two types of base pair in DNA:There are two types of base pair in DNA: A – T ( adenine-thymine) A – T ( adenine-thymine) G – C ( guanine – cytosine) The structure of DNA and the G – C ( guanine – cytosine) The structure of DNA and the
functions of functions of gene described Watson and gene described Watson and
Crick (1953)Crick (1953)
Structure of RNAStructure of RNA RNA exists as a single strand RNA exists as a single strand RNA can coil back on itselfRNA can coil back on itself
Types of RNA:Types of RNA:- messenger mRNAmessenger mRNA – carry the information for the primary structure of – carry the information for the primary structure of
proteinsproteins- ribosomal rRNAribosomal rRNA – part of the protein synthesis apparatus – part of the protein synthesis apparatus - transfer tRNAtransfer tRNA – activates AA and recognize codons in mRNA – activates AA and recognize codons in mRNA
Functions of organismFunctions of organism RNA RNA - several types of RNA responsible for the - several types of RNA responsible for the
synthesis of the enzymes, structural proteins, synthesis of the enzymes, structural proteins, and other polypeptidesand other polypeptides
DNADNA- stores information that conrolls all cellular stores information that conrolls all cellular
processes (replication)processes (replication)- conducting transcription for genesis - conducting transcription for genesis
complementary molecul of RNAcomplementary molecul of RNA
SOURCESOURCE Some information from lecture of Some information from lecture of
Biochemistry.Biochemistry. Some information from internet.Some information from internet.