NIKHIL : Dad may I do my PU course in science ? FATHER : of course you can, why my son have you got any doubt? NIKHIL : You know I could not do my Maths paper much better, on that day I had fever,

I may get little less marks. FATHER : Don’t worry, you will get good marks, and you also get admission for PU science course, well, you will never know unless you try, will you?

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 1

Be Do Have Present Tense Past tense

Am Do Have Will Would

Is Does Has Shall Should / Would

Are Did Had Can Could

Was Done May Might

Were Must Used to

Ought to

Need

Dare Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 2

AffirmativeAffirmativeAffirmativeAffirmative NegativeNegativeNegativeNegative InterrogativeInterrogativeInterrogativeInterrogative

1) I shall / will work I shall / will not work Shall I work?

2) We shall / will

work

We shall / will not work Shall we work?

3) You will work You will not work Will you work?

4) He will work He will not work Will he work?

5) She will work She will not work Will she work?

6) They will work They will not work Will they work?

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 3

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Ritu will have a great time when she goes

on vacation next month. She will visit

Goa. She will stay at an Oceanfront hotel.

She will swim every day. She will go

sailing. She will go fishing. She will make

sand castles along the beach. She will

play hard each day and sleep hard each

night.

4

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

1) Will you get me some flowers? 2) Will you please close the door? 3) I will carry your book. 4) I will try to do better next time. 5) Will you have a tea? 6) Will you lend me your scooter?

5

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

The teacher said, “All boys will attend

roll-call at 9.00 am and all will stay

here till your home assignment is

completed”.

6

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Rosy said to Mary “I shall be thirty on my

next birthday”.

Mary: We shall invite all our friends for

birthday party.

Rosy: We shall leave our house early

tomorrow morning to meet our friends.

7

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• He shall carry out my instructions

• We shall not yield an inch of ground

• Shall we go out?

• Shall I help you in writing?

• You shall be punished for your mistake.

• You shall have a holiday tomorrow.

• Shall I open the door?

• Which pen shall I buy?

8

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Arun : Can you speak any foreign language?

Varun : I can speak Spanish but I can’t write it.

Arun : I can speak and write both Spanish and French.

9

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Customer : Can I have these post cards please?

Shop keeper : of course you can.

Customer : How much can I pay ?

Shop Keeper : You can pay Ten Rupees.

10

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• We can see the lake from our bed room

window

• I can do this work

• I will do this work

• I may do this work

• Can I sit here?

11

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• Father : Take an umbrella with you when you go out it may rain.

• Daughter : I think, it may not

• Father ; It might rain, safe take an umbrella with you.

12

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Student: May I come in Sir?

Teacher: Why are you late? Be regular otherwise you may fail.

Student: Sorry Sir, I will not be late in future.

Teacher: you may come in.

13

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• May god bless you.

• May you live long.

• May I use your pen?

• May I speak to Ramesh?

14

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• Would you like to go by bus?

• Would you like another cup of coffee?

• Would you like me to help you?

• Would you tell me where the post office is ?

• We would all get up early and go for

swimming.

15

•I wish Sarah would come

•When ever Arthur was angry he would walk out

of the room.

•It would be nice to have a holiday, but we can’t

afford to it.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 16

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• You look tired you should go to bed.

• The Govt. should do more to help homeless.

• You should apologize

• You must apologize

• She has been studying hard for the exam, so she

should pass

17

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• He demanded that we should pay to the repair

• She insisted that she should pay for the meal

• The committee recommends that Ram should be

appointed

• Raghu suggested that I should buy a car

18

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• When I was young, I could climb a tree in the

forest.

• My grandfather could swim a long distance.

• Could you run the business by yourself ?

19

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

•Anitha : What shall we do this evening ?

•Swetha: we could go to cinema.

•Anitha: It is a nice day better we could go for

a walk.

•Swetha: yes, we can

20

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• Can you wait a moment please?

• Could you wait a moment please?

• Could you open the door please?

• Could I have the salt please ?

21

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

• You must do your work properly.

• You must improve your spelling.

• I must stand first in the class this year.

• We must make all sacrifices for our country.

• I must be on diet.

• I have to be on a diet.

• She must have left already.

22

You ought to help the poor.

Anil ought to stand first in the competition.

Miss Lilly ought to arrive in a minute.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 23

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Used to, Need and Dare

• The auxiliary used to expresses a discontinued habit.

• My wife used to getting up early.

• I used to live there when I was a boy.

• I am used to hard life

• We are used to the noise our neighbor make though we

don’t like it.

24

I need your help.

Need I write to him?

I need not go there

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 25

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Comparison:

• You must leave now.

• You needn’t leave now.

• You mustn’t leave now.

26

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Dare:

• Dare is used to express courageousness as a

model it is mostly used in negative and

interrogative sentences.

• How dare you call me names?

• He dare not touch me.

• You dare not take such a step.

27

Formation of Negatives.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Contracted form

Will + not = won’t (Will not)

Can + not = can’t (cannot)

Shall + not = shan’t (shall not)

Would + not = wouldn’t (would not)

Could + not = couldn’t (could not)

Should + not = shouldn’t (Should not)

28

May + not = mayn’t (may not) Might + not = mightn’t (might not) Must + not = mustn’t (must not) Dare + not = daren’t (dare not) Need + not = needn’t (need not) Ought + not = oughtn’t (ought not) Use + not = usen’t (use not)

The contracted forms are used to form negatives, in question tags and in spoken English.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 29

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with ‘can ‘, ‘cannot’, ‘could’ or ‘could not’.

1) I _______________ finish the work within two hours

2) A ship _________________ fly 3) I __________________ paint very well when I was young

4) _________________ I meet you later on ?

5) ________________ you pass on the sugar?

6) I thought I _____________ arrange the party.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 30

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with ‘may’ or ‘might’.

1) you _____________ have told it earlier.

2) ________________ I use you pen?

3) It _______________ rain in the evening.

4) We thought the teacher _____________ be in the

room

5) Be careful, the rope ________________ break.

6) Mr. David ______________ fly off tomorrow if the

meeting is cancelled Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

31

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with ‘must’. ‘ought’ or ‘should’.

1) You ________________ work hard for the exams.2) The drivers _______________ to follow traffic rules.

3) You _______________ not reply back to your elders.4) The students _________ keep quiet during the

assembly.5) You ________________ not make fun of the poor and

weak.

6) She _____________ to be more careful.7) John ______________ be in the playground now.

8) One ______________ work hard or starve.9) We _______________ come for the help of blind people.

10) You _______________ be punctual to become leader

of your class. Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 32

Exercise. 4

Underline the correct words in the brackets

1.Leela is deaf. She ( can,cannot ) hear.

2.You are an intelligent girl.

You (can,cannot ) get good marks.

3. The scissors are not sharp.

You(can, cannot ) cut the cloth.

4. Gopal does not know swimming.

He (can, cannot ) cross the river.

5. Miss Mary is a good cook.

She (can,cannot ) cook well.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

33

6. Peter is a strong man.He (can,cannot )

lift this bag.

7. Mr.Singh does not know much English

so he ( can,cannot ) speak it well.

8. The wall is too high. The thief ( can,

cannot ) jump.

9. My house is near the market . I

(can,cannot ) walk to it.

10.Tom is a clever dog. It ( can, cannot )

do many tricks.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 34

Home Assignment

Answers

Ex.1 1.can. 2.cannot. 3.could.

4.can. 5.can. 6.Could not

Ex.2 1.might. 2.may. 3.may.

4.might. 5.might. 6.may

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 35

Ex.3 1.Must. 2.Ought.

3.Should. 4.Must.

5.Should. 6.Ought.

7.Must. 8.Should.

9.Must. 10.Should.

Ex.4 1. Cannot. 2.Can.

3. Cannot. 4.Cannot.

5. Can. 6.Can.

7. Cannot. 8.Cannot.

9. Can. 10.Can.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 36

The water ________ flow. But the ice _______ flow.

An aeroplane ________ fly.

A ship ________________ fly.

A fish _____________ swim.

It __________________ crawl.

LOOK AT THE PICTURES CAREFULLY AND FILL IN THE

BLANKS WITH ‘CAN’ OR ‘CAN NOT’

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Exercise 5

37

The blind man _______ hear.

But he ______________ see.

A crocodile __________ swim.

It _______________ hop.

The beggar __________ walk.

He _________________ run.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 38

A bird _____________ fly.

A cat _______________ fly.

A hen ____________ lay eggs.

A cow ____________ lay eggs.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 39