Post on 02-Aug-2015
Final conference of the Know-4-drr Project “Knowledge management for improving DRR/CAA: state of the
art, findings and steps forward”Chambery, 26-‐27 May 2015
Scira Menoni (Francesco Ballio, Daniela Molinari, Funda Atun, Guido Minucci, together with the Umbria Region Civil Protection, Sandro Costantini, Nicola Berni, Claudia Pandolfo, Marco Stelluti)
The Umbria Region living lab developing toolkits for post-‐flood damage assessment
Know-4-drr
Know-4-drr
The participants of the Umbria Region Living Lab
We signed an agreement between the CF (Functional Centre) Regione Umbria and Polimi to be service providers in the flood aftermath.
Procedure reportEvent report
Know-4-drr
Know-4-drr
What did we have in mind when we decided to develop the project’s living labs We thought of developing collaborative work with some adminsitrations and/or communities with which we had already established long term relationship and with which we could test some of the project’s ideas and proposals regarding knowledge management
At the end, after literature review and extensive work on knowledge management and knowledge management systems in organisations, we can say that in Umbria we have developed a «community of practice» focusing on post-flood damage assessment. A communtiy of practice made by stakeholders of different kind aiming at a common goal, developing post-flood damage data collection and analysis tools.
Know-4-drr
Know-4-drr
What did we have in mind when we decided to develop the project’s living labs
We think that we succeeded in developing together with the Umbria Civil Protection, including volunteers and to some extent also affected citizens, «collegial work» as defined by by Meadow et al. (2015) in Weather, Climate and Society.
«Collegial work: the formal research system actively strenghtening the informal (stakeholder driven) research and knowledge development system»
«Collaborative work: includes continuous interaction between scientists and stakeholders who are seen as partners in the research process»
Know-4-drr
So it is about multiple disciplinary expertises, about different responsibilities in the field, about the need to understand better but also do useful things to protect communities, make clever decisions on where and how to build, how to prepare in case of… a flood
models DSS, KMS
theories scenarios
data maps experience procedures
TOP TOP
DOWN DOWN
Know-4-drr
models DSS, KMS
theories scenarios
data maps experience procedures
TOP TOP
DOWN DOWN
engineering
firemen researchers citizens public officials
planninggeology ICThealthlaw
civilprotection doctors
So it is about multiple disciplinary expertises, about different responsibilities in the field, about the need to understand better but also do useful things to protect communities, make clever decisions on where and how to build, how to prepare in case of… a flood
Know-4-drr
models DSS, KMS
theories scenarios
data maps experience procedures
TOP TOP
DOWN DOWN
firemen
researchers
citizens public officials
civilprotection doctors
So it is about multiple disciplinary expertises, about different responsibilities in the field, about the need to understand better but also do useful things to protect communities, make clever decisions on where and how to build, how to prepare in case of… a flood
Know-4-drr
models DSS, KMS
theories scenarios
data maps experience procedures
TOP TOP
DOWN DOWN
firemen
researchers
citizens
public officials
civilprotection
doctors researchers
firemen civilprotection
public officials
So it is about multiple disciplinary expertises, about different responsibilities in the field, about the need to understand better but also do useful things to protect communities, make clever decisions on where and how to build, how to prepare in case of… a flood
Know-4-drr
With respect to the goals for which damage assessment is carried out, not necessarily always all goals must be fulfilled; one may think of:- Simplified procedures for very little events or on the contrary very large events (sampling techniques);- Providing guidance for a more in depth analysis depending on the goals that an adminsitration wishes to pursue, so that at least there will be comparability (Retour d’experience)
Needs assessment(compensation)
Recovery
Local officials/insurers
Fair resources allocation
Regional/national officers, insurance companies
EU Solidarity Fund in case of activation
Loss Accounting
Recording the impact
Local policy (city)
Measuring trends
International policy (UN, donors, EU Policy-‐DG ECHO)
Disaster forensic
Identify the cause
Local expert teams
Learning from the past
National expert teams
International expert temas(PDNA)
Risk modelling
Modelling future losses
Local research/policy
DRR and mitigation
National research/policy (Regional, GEM)
International initiatives(GEM, GAR), EU policy
National policy (National Adminsitrations)
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Essentials for a toolkit: what should be the level of detail?
Know-4-drr
Comparing pre-event risk assessment and post event damage collection/analysis
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Cost benefit analysisof preventionmeasures
Cost benefit analysisof mitigationmeasures in recovery
Know-4-drr
Background experience: collecting data at the local level after floods in the Umbria Region 2012-2014
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit
We have learned from the Umbria experience that multi-sectoral assessment is essential to get an overall perspective of the damage, including interaction among failures to multiple sectors
Different sectors’ damage weight is significantly different; however the relative weight is not necessarily mirrored by studies in the field
Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Event local/regional hazardregional/CNR/Tevere River Basin/other
People (victims, evacuated) local loss direct and indirectRegional Authority and interviews
Lifelines regionalloss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional Authority, lifelines provideers
Public facilitiesprovincial/ regional
loss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional, provincial and local authorities
Agricoltureregional/large scale loss direct
Regional/associations/others
Industrial plants localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, Regional authorities, direct surveys
Residential buildings localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, direct surveys
Cultural heritage localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, specific authorities
Natural environment local/regional lossdirect (?) and indirect
Regional authorities, Parks, others
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit
By the way also the survey of the flooded area is not trivial, regional and local scales are fundamentally different; in research centres or in hydrological centres only the regional scale is generally considered, but for damage assessment this is an issu, as this is carried out fundamentally locally
Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Event local/regional hazardregional/CNR/Tevere River Basin/other
People (victims, evacuated) local loss direct and indirectRegional Authority and interviews
Lifelines regionalloss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional Authority, lifelines provideers
Public facilitiesprovincial/ regional
loss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional, provincial and local authorities
Agricoltureregional/large scale loss direct
Regional/associations/others
Industrial plants localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, Regional authorities, direct surveys
Residential buildings localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, direct surveys
Cultural heritage localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, specific authorities
Natural environment local/regional lossdirect (?) and indirect
Regional authorities, Parks, others
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit: relevance of connecting hazard/event data to damge data Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Event local/regional hazardregional/CNR/Tevere River Basin/other
People (victims, evacuated) local loss direct and indirectRegional Authority and interviews
Lifelines regionalloss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional Authority, lifelines provideers
Public facilitiesprovincial/ regional
loss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional, provincial and local authorities
Agricoltureregional/large scale loss direct
Regional/associations/others
Industrial plants localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, Regional authorities, direct surveys
Residential buildings localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, direct surveys
Natural environment local/regional lossdirect (?) and indirect
Regional authorities, Parks, others
Hazard data are generally collected by various authorities and research centres, however they are poorly connected to the damage so that forensic investigation will be possible
Hydraulic study carried out by Studio Beta, Padova
Know-4-drr
Sector Civil Protection expenditure
Assitance to affected population € 149.465,81
Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
People (victims, evacuated) local loss direct and indirectRegional Authority and interviews
Essentials for a toolkit: considering the victims and civil protection costs
Know-4-drr
Momento della giornata 12 Nov
ore 14.00
12 Nov ore 18.00
12 Nov ore 20.00
12 Nov ore 22.00
13 Nov ore 7.30
13 Nov ore 11.30
13 Nov ore 16.00
13 Nov ore 19.00
13 Nov ore 21.00
14 Nov ore 10.00
Comuni
Attigliano 14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Orvieto 512 425 188 188 131 131 131 -‐ -‐ -‐ Deruta 277 2 113 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Umbertide 27 27 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ S. Venanzo 93 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Città della Pieve 64 -‐ -‐ 64 64 64 64 64 40 20 Ponte S. Giovanni 15 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Marsciano -‐ 300 -‐ 172 16 16 16 -‐ -‐ -‐ Gualdo cattaneo -‐ 111 111 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Perugia -‐ 96 -‐ -‐ 79 79 79 -‐ -‐ -‐ Todi -‐ -‐ -‐ 44 189 189 189 189 189 189 Citerna -‐ -‐ -‐ 101 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Perugia -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ 79 -‐ -‐ 11 6 -‐ Spoleto -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ 77 77 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Massa Martana -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ 77 -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
Essentials for a toolkit: working with lifelines managing companies Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Lifelines regionalloss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional Authority, lifelines provideers
Public facilitiesprovincial/ regional
loss and functionality direct and indirect
Regional, provincial and local authorities
Know-4-drr
Understanding the impact and damage to critical facilities and infrastructures
The objective of reducing critical infratructures’ vulnerability to natural hazards cannot be achieved without better understanding how the latter affect lifelines and crucial facilities and how the whole city or regional system respond to failures in lifelines.
Know-4-drr
Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Industrial plants localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, Regional authorities, direct surveys
Essentials for a toolkit: damage to industries and economic activities
Know-4-drr
Understanding the impact and damage to industrial facilities and economic activities
19%
2%
23%42%
11%
2%
First aid
Cultural Heritage
Infrastructure
Industry
Agricolture
Residential
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Beni immobili Macchinari, attrezzature,
magazzino e beni mobili
Ripristino/Mitigazione Danni indiretti
Tipologia di danniDamage type
Buildings Machinery, stock Recovery/mitigation Indirect (due to lifelines)
Not all events are the same, however our experience and also others’ (including work in other areas) suggests that damage to industries is much larger than to residential buildings; also in terms of economic resilience, this is a much heavier damage to sustain
Know-4-drr
Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Residential buildings localvulnerability and loss direct and indirect
Local authorities, direct surveys
Essentials for a toolkit: damage to residential buildings
Know-4-drr
Developing the procedure entailed much more than improving the survey forms for residential and industrial facilities (and using them in the field together with professional volunteers). As for the forms those had to be made similar to the ones used in Italy for post-earthquake usability assessments.
Essentials for a toolkit: developing the forms for direct surveys
Know-4-drr
Sectors Scale Aspects Type of damage Tool/data
Natural environment local/regional lossdirect (?) and indirect
Regional authorities, Parks, others
Essentials for a toolkit: damage to the environment and natural ecosystems
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit: relevance of GIS and other visual information (possible with modern technologies)
Useful also for different stakeholders to have the information about affected elements in a map, to identify places, to reach them and to plan recovery (here on the same map: industries, electrical lines in the flooded area of the City of Orvieto, Umbria, November 2012)
Know-4-drr
Comparing pre-event risk assessment and post event damage collection/analysis
Important to compare and understand to what extent risk assessments are representing the magnitude of events
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit: the need to appoint a data coordinator (office, personnel…)
Data are collected in different ways:- Direct surveys- Citizens’ declaration- Calls to the emergency operational centre for aid (civil protection or lifelines or others)
Data are collected in different forms: paper, photos, forms, digital forms, …
Data are collected by a variety of stakeholders: different departments of the same government, municipalities, lifelines companies, citizens…
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit
It is true that the Umbria Region is showing an incredible committment to this procedure and to the overall work, however we may think that:1. In any case some work has to be done anyway (Central Government, Solidarity Fund);2. In cases where there is more money, more damage or more political committment, there is
the possibility to carry out more precise and detailed work
Know-4-drr
Essentials for a toolkit
EVENT
2-‐3 d20 d
90 d
Buildings cadastrial analysis:-‐ Buildings map-‐ Buildings vulnerability-‐Monetray value of exposed buildings
Field survey simplified form A -‐affected buildings
Field survey full residential form -‐Direct damage-‐Indirect damage
Private estimate-‐Monetary value of damage
Municipality
Surveyour
Private Citizen
Civil protection
Field survey full residential form (discretionary)-‐Indirect damage
Estimate-‐Monetary value of indirect damage
CP Consultancy Service
6 m
12 m
Somehow damage assessment is already an iterative work (also Guidelines by WMO on post-flood D.A.):1. To ask for the declaration of emergency;2. To set up a recovery/reconstruction plan and assess its costs (or tailor costs and prioritize
based on available budget)3. To monitor recovery/reconstruction
Know-4-drr
Know-4-drr
Taking the idea from the UNFPA knowledge kit we tried to develop one for the Umbria Region living lab on the post-flood damage assessment
Knowledge KIT for the production of multi-sectoral flood damage and losses reporting Collecting data regarding
damages reported to the Emergency Control Room by municipalities and lifelines companies
Triggering the Copernicus service and other offices to draw the map of inundated areas
Direct damage surveys for residential buildings usig forms used in training
Multi-sectoral damageanalysis and first levelreporting to support the declaration of state of emergency
Second Report of damageand losses to multiple sectors to support bothrecovery and forensicanalysis
Use of the Advanced Damage Report to:- Monitor reconstruction and use of funds;- Decisions and plans for reconstruction based on
forensic investigation of damage
Direct damage surveys for industrial and commercial buildings integrated to selfdeclarations