Post on 14-Jan-2016
Laser-Induced Plasma & Aplikasinya di Indonesia
Ali Khumaeni
Laboratory of Laser Plasma Spectroscopy
University of Fukui
PlasmaPlasma
AtomAtom
LaserLaser
Laser PlasmaLaser Plasma
Contents
AplikasiAplikasi
PlasmaPlasma
Plasma
Berbagai macam plasmaBerbagai macam plasma
Plasma
Fase perubahan wujudFase perubahan wujud
Plasma
Bersyukurlah !~ 99 % Alam semesta adalah PLASMA
Bersyukurlah !~ 99 % Alam semesta adalah PLASMA
Mayoritas dalam hidup ini deskrit Setiap manusia punya energy state Hidup untuk bermanfaat Meta-stable dan ionisasi
Atom
Laser
Kerja kelompok saling motivasi Kerja kelompok hasil besar
Mengurai problems Spesifik itu indah Ahli salah satu bidang
Spektrum
Metode analysisMetode analysis
Arc Discharge
T~ 5000 K
T ~ 2000 K
Burner
Flame T~ 8000 K
High Frequency Plasma( ICP)
atomic emission
Delicate sample preparation Labor intensive Expensive in experimental instrumentation Not mobile system
Rapid analysis Without/less sample preparation ?
Laser PlasmaLaser Plasma
Dinamika Laser PlasmaDinamika Laser Plasma
Compact LIBS
Aplikasi Laser PlasmaAplikasi Laser Plasma
Laser PlasmaLaser
Plasma
Industri
Agrikultur
Reaktor
Farmasi
Antariksa
Lingkungan
ArkeologiMaterial processing
Reaktor Nuklir
PC
分光器
燃料集合体
燃料プール
Laser PC
OMA
Water Pool
プラズマからの水素蛍光
Shield Gas (He)
Heating Laser forRemoving Surface Water
Laser Beam
Lens
Skirt to confine gas in water
Zircaloy Tube
Laser PlasmaHydrogen Emission from Plasma
Head
Zircaloy Tube
Pipa Zirconium untuk kontainer uraniumDi bawah permukaan air laut
Pipa Zirconium untuk kontainer uraniumDi bawah permukaan air laut
Antariksa
Analisis unsur di Planet MarsAnalisis unsur di Planet Mars
Aplikasi Laser Plasma di IndonesiaAplikasi Laser Plasma di Indonesia
Laser PlasmaLaser
Plasma
Industri
Agrikultur Farmasi
Lingkungan
ArkeologiMaterial processing
Arkeologi
Penentuan umur statuePenentuan umur statue
Herbal & Supplement
Herbal & Supplement
Analisis mineral dan logam beratAnalisis mineral dan logam berat
Farmasi
Lingkungan
Analisis logam berat di tanahAnalisis logam berat di tanah
Material processing
Analisis Cu dan C di logamAnalisis Cu dan C di logam
Agrikultur
Analisis Al dan Cd di berasAnalisis Al dan Cd di beras
Agrikultur
Analisis Al, Cd, Pb di areal agrikulturAnalisis Al, Cd, Pb di areal agrikultur
Industri kayu
Analisis Cr dan Cu di kayuAnalisis Cr dan Cu di kayu
02000400060008000
1000012000140001600018000
422 424 426 428 430
Wavelength, nm
Inten
sity,
coun
ts
Cr I 425.4 nm
Cr I 427.4 nm
Cr I 428.9 nm
Kesimpulan
Sains mengarahkan kita berpikir logis dan sistematis. Selain itu, banyak hikmah bisa diambil dari mempelajari sains.
Analisis bisa dilakukan dengan cepat dan secara langsung dengan teknik laser plasma.
Indonesia sebagai negara besar mempunyai peluang yang signifikan dalam menggunakan teknik laser plasma untuk analisis di berbagai bidang.
1
2
3
Terima kasihTerima kasih
A novel technique for rapid quantitative analyses of elements on herb medicine and food powder has successfully been developed. In this technique, the powder samples were plugged in a small hole (2 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) and covered by a metal mesh. TEA CO2 laser (1500 mJ, 200 ns) was focused on the powder sample surfaces passing through the metal mesh at atmospheric pressure of nitrogen surrounding gas. It is hypothesized that the small hole functions to confine the powder particles and suppresses the blowing-off, while the metal mesh works as the source of electrons to initiate the strong gas breakdown plasma. The confined powder particles are subsequently ablated by the laser irradiation and the ablated particles move into the strong gas breakdown plasma region to be atomized and excited. Using this method, a quantitative analysis of the milk powder sample containing different concentrations of Ca was successfully demonstrated, resulting in a good linear calibration curve with high precision.
ABSTRACTABSTRACT
Delicate sample preparation Labor intensive Expensive in experimental instrumentation Not mobile system
General Methods for Powder AnalysisGeneral Methods for Powder Analysis
Wet digestion Dry ashing
Wet digestion Dry ashing
ICP MSICP AES
High Frequency Plasma
Liquid sample
Rapid analysis Without/less sample preparation ?
Liquid sampleLiquid sample
Powder samplePowder sample
LIBS : Direct YAG Laser Irradiation on The Solid Sample LIBS : Direct YAG Laser Irradiation on The Solid Sample
Solid sample Nd YAG laser is commercially available and commonly uses in LIBS technique Strong plasma can be induced on the solid sample
Strong plasma
Powder
Difficult to make plasmadue to strong Blowing-off
Direct bombardment on powdersUsing Nd YAG laser
Indirect, by making pellet
The error might come during the sample pretreatment
Powder pellet
KBr powder Powders
Direct TEA CO2 Laser Irradiation on The Powder Samples Direct TEA CO2 Laser Irradiation on The Powder Samples
PlasmaFew particlesblowing-off
Strong plasmaCan easily be induced due to
long pulse duration and long wavelength
Lack of repulsion force toInduce big plasma
Power density
LIPS with different sourcesLIPS with different sources
PlasmaNo plasma
Small Plastic vessel
Powder sample
Lid plastic
Metal mesh
Vinyl tape
40mm
Powder sample
Powder sample
Top view
Sample Preparation Using Previous MethodSample Preparation Using Previous Method
Photo drag detector
22 Experimental setup
TEA-CO2 LASER
ChamberChamber
TEA CO2 laser
Metal mesh
Strong gas plasma(Metal mesh-induced plasma)
Holder
粉体Powdersample
Atomization and excitation take place in plasma
TEA CO2 laser impinges powder sample
Plasma is induced by a metal mesh
Fine particles are ablated and enter in plasma
Emission lines are detectedBy OMA
Mechanism of atomization & excitation processIn our previous method
No ablation or damage on the metal mesh
Medicine Tablet(Zn+Se) powder
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
326 328 330 332 334 336 338
Wave length(nm)
Inte
nsity(
a.u.
)
Zn I 330.2 nm
Zn I 328.2 nm
Zn I 334.5 nm
Medicine Tablet(Zn+Se) powder Si line
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
244 246 248 250 252 254 256 258
Wave length(nm)
Inte
nsity(
a.u.
)
Si I 250.7 nm
C I 247.8 nm
Si I 251.6 nm
Si I 252.8 nm
Commercial Supplement Analysis
•Commercial Supplement contains 1.5% Zn•Silicone is also important for our health
Supplement powder
TEA CO2 laser
Metal mesh-inducedplasma
ZnS powder
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
388 390 392 394 396 398 400
Wave length(nm)
Inte
nsity(
a.u.
)
Ca II 396.8 nmCa II 393.3 nm
ZnS powder analysis
ZnS powder
TEA CO2 laser
Metal mesh-inducedplasma
Ca as an impurity in the ZnS powder (Commercial Chemical powder) can be detected clearly
The Comparative Study of Herb Medicine Analysis
(b)
0
50
100
150
200
250
390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399
Wavelength (nm)
Inte
nsity
(Cou
nts)
Ca II 393.3 nm
Ca II 396.8 nm
Al I 396.1nm
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399
Wavelength (nm)
Inte
nsity
(C
ount
s)
Ca II 393.3 nmCa II 396.8 nm
Al I 394.4 nm
Herb medicine Powder sample
Aluminum plate
Gas Plasma
Metal mesh
TEA CO2 laserNd YAG laser
Herb medicine pellet
Nd YAG laser case TEA CO2 laser case
Atomization and excitation take place in plasma
TEA CO2 laser impinges powder sample
Plasma is induced by a metal mesh
Fine particles confined in the hole are constantly
ablated and enter in plasma
Emission lines are detectedBy OMA
Novel Method for Quantitative Analysis in Powder Sample
3 mm
( 0.001 g )
Strong and big plasmaInduced by a metal mesh
C-H cluster
Ca (I)I 393.3 nm
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430
Wavelength (nm)
Inte
nsity
(a.u
.)
Ca II 393.3 nm
C-H cluster
Ca II 396.8 nm
N II 399.5 nm
Tiny amount of sample0.001 g
Milk Powder Analysis Using Novel Method
Emission spectrum of milk powder containing 0.68 % of Ca
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Number of laser shots
Inten
sity (
a.u)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Ca II
393.3
nm/C
-H cl
uste
r
C-H cluster
N II 399.5 nm
Ca II 393.3 nm
Milk powder containing0.56 % of Ca
Gas plasma
Good Reproducibility of Emission intensities Taken From Milk Powder
Emission intensities of Ca II, C-H cluster, N IIAs a function of the number of laser shots
Standard Deviation less 4.5 %
Nice Calibration Curve
Calibration curve of milk powders containing Different concentrations of Ca
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Ca concentration in milk powders (mg)C
a II
393.
3 nm
/C-H
clu
ster